1
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Chikireddy J, Lengagne L, Le Borgne R, Durieu C, Wioland H, Romet-Lemonne G, Jégou A. Fascin-induced bundling protects actin filaments from disassembly by cofilin. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202312106. [PMID: 38497788 PMCID: PMC10949937 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202312106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Actin filament turnover plays a central role in shaping actin networks, yet the feedback mechanism between network architecture and filament assembly dynamics remains unclear. The activity of ADF/cofilin, the main protein family responsible for filament disassembly, has been mainly studied at the single filament level. This study unveils that fascin, by crosslinking filaments into bundles, strongly slows down filament disassembly by cofilin. We show that this is due to a markedly slower initiation of the first cofilin clusters, which occurs up to 100-fold slower on large bundles compared with single filaments. In contrast, severing at cofilin cluster boundaries is unaffected by fascin bundling. After the formation of an initial cofilin cluster on a filament within a bundle, we observed the local removal of fascin. Notably, the formation of cofilin clusters on adjacent filaments is highly enhanced, locally. We propose that this interfilament cooperativity arises from the local propagation of the cofilin-induced change in helicity from one filament to the other filaments of the bundle. Overall, taking into account all the above reactions, we reveal that fascin crosslinking slows down the disassembly of actin filaments by cofilin. These findings highlight the important role played by crosslinkers in tuning actin network turnover by modulating the activity of other regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Léana Lengagne
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Rémi Le Borgne
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Durieu
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Wioland
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | | | - Antoine Jégou
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
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2
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Alburquerque-González B, Montoro-García S, Bernabé-García Á, Bernabé-García M, Campioni-Rodrigues P, Rodríguez-Martínez A, Luque I, Salo T, Pérez-Garrido A, Pérez-Sánchez H, Cayuela ML, Luengo-Gil G, Luchinat E, Postigo-Corrales F, Staderini T, Nicolás FJ, Conesa-Zamora P. Monastrol suppresses invasion and metastasis in human colorectal cancer cells by targeting fascin independent of kinesin-Eg5 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116785. [PMID: 38781869 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton is a prerequisite for carcinoma cells to develop cellular protrusions, which are required for migration, invasion, and metastasis. Fascin is a key protein involved in actin bundling and is expressed in aggressive and invasive carcinomas. Additionally, fascin appears to be involved in tubulin-binding and microtubule rearrangement. Pharmacophoric-based in silico screening was performed to identify compounds with better fascin inhibitory properties than migrastatin, a gold-standard fascin inhibitor. We hypothesized that monastrol displays anti-migratory and anti-invasive properties via fascin blocking in colorectal cancer cell lines. Biophysical (thermofluor and ligand titration followed by fluorescence spectroscopy), biochemical (NMR), and cellular assays (MTT, invasion of human tissue), as well as animal model studies (zebrafish invasion) were performed to characterize the inhibitory effect of monastrol on fascin activity. In silico analysis revealed that monastrol is a potential fascin-binding compound. Biophysical and biochemical assays demonstrated that monastrol binds to fascin and interferes with its actin-bundling activity. Cell culture studies, including a 3D human myoma disc model, showed that monastrol inhibited fascin-driven cytoplasmic protrusions as well as invasion. In silico, confocal microscopy, and immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that monastrol disrupted fascin-tubulin interactions. These anti-invasive effects were confirmed in vivo. In silico confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation assays were carried out to test whether monastrol disrupted the fascin-tubulin interaction. This study reports, for the first time, the in vitro and in vivo anti-invasive properties of monastrol in colorectal tumor cells. The number and types of interactions suggest potential binding of monastrol across actin and tubulin sites on fascin, which could be valuable for the development of antitumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ángel Bernabé-García
- Regeneración, Oncología Molecular y TGF-ß. IMIB-Arrixaca, Carretera Madrid-Cartagena, El Palmar 30120, Spain
| | - Manuel Bernabé-García
- Research group "Telomerasa, Envejecimiento y Cáncer", CIBERER, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Priscila Campioni-Rodrigues
- ECM and Hypoxia research unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7C, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland; Microelectronic Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, FI-90570, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez-Martínez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology and Excellence Unit in Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and Environment, School of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain; Structural Bioinformatics and High-Performance Computing (BIO-HPC) Research Group, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe, Spain
| | - Irene Luque
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology and Excellence Unit in Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and Environment, School of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Tuula Salo
- Oral Medicine and Pathology, Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center and Oulu University Hospital, Aapistie 3, Oulu FI-90220, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki FI-0014, Finland; Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM) and iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alfonso Pérez-Garrido
- Structural Bioinformatics and High-Performance Computing (BIO-HPC) Research Group, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe, Spain
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Structural Bioinformatics and High-Performance Computing (BIO-HPC) Research Group, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe, Spain
| | - María Luisa Cayuela
- Research group "Telomerasa, Envejecimiento y Cáncer", CIBERER, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ginés Luengo-Gil
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe, Spain; Pathology and Clinical Analysis Department, Group of Molecular Pathology and Pharmacogenetics, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Hospital Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Enrico Luchinat
- CERM - Magnetic Resonance Center and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine - CIRMMP, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | | | - Tommaso Staderini
- CERM - Magnetic Resonance Center and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Francisco José Nicolás
- Regeneración, Oncología Molecular y TGF-ß. IMIB-Arrixaca, Carretera Madrid-Cartagena, El Palmar 30120, Spain
| | - Pablo Conesa-Zamora
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe, Spain; Pathology and Clinical Analysis Department, Group of Molecular Pathology and Pharmacogenetics, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Hospital Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Spain.
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3
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Ioannou IA, Brooks NJ, Kuimova MK, Elani Y. Visualizing Actin Packing and the Effects of Actin Attachment on Lipid Membrane Viscosity Using Molecular Rotors. JACS AU 2024; 4:2041-2049. [PMID: 38818078 PMCID: PMC11134356 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton and its elaborate interplay with the plasma membrane participate in and control numerous biological processes in eukaryotic cells. Malfunction of actin networks and changes in their dynamics are related to various diseases, from actin myopathies to uncontrolled cell growth and tumorigenesis. Importantly, the biophysical and mechanical properties of actin and its assemblies are deeply intertwined with the biological functions of the cytoskeleton. Novel tools to study actin and its associated biophysical features are, therefore, of prime importance. Here we develop a new approach which exploits fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and environmentally sensitive fluorophores termed molecular rotors, acting as quantitative microviscosity sensors, to monitor dynamic viscoelastic properties of both actin structures and lipid membranes. In order to reproduce a minimal actin cortex in synthetic cell models, we encapsulated and attached actin networks to the lipid bilayer of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). Using a cyanine-based molecular rotor, DiSC2(3), we show that different types of actin bundles are characterized by distinct packing, which can be spatially resolved using FLIM. Similarly, we show that a lipid bilayer-localized molecular rotor can monitor the effects of attaching cross-linked actin networks to the lipid membrane, revealing an increase in membrane viscosity upon actin attachment. Our approach bypasses constraints associated with existing methods for actin imaging, many of which lack the capability for direct visualization of biophysical properties. It can therefore contribute to a deeper understanding of the role that actin plays in fundamental biological processes and help elucidate the underlying biophysics of actin-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion A. Ioannou
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Nickolas J. Brooks
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Marina K. Kuimova
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Yuval Elani
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
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4
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Hao MS, Mazurkewich S, Li H, Kvammen A, Saha S, Koskela S, Inman AR, Nakajima M, Tanaka N, Nakai H, Brändén G, Bulone V, Larsbrink J, McKee LS. Structural and biochemical analysis of family 92 carbohydrate-binding modules uncovers multivalent binding to β-glucans. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3429. [PMID: 38653764 PMCID: PMC11039641 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) are non-catalytic proteins found appended to carbohydrate-active enzymes. Soil and marine bacteria secrete such enzymes to scavenge nutrition, and they often use CBMs to improve reaction rates and retention of released sugars. Here we present a structural and functional analysis of the recently established CBM family 92. All proteins analysed bind preferentially to β-1,6-glucans. This contrasts with the diversity of predicted substrates among the enzymes attached to CBM92 domains. We present crystal structures for two proteins, and confirm by mutagenesis that tryptophan residues permit ligand binding at three distinct functional binding sites on each protein. Multivalent CBM families are uncommon, so the establishment and structural characterisation of CBM92 enriches the classification database and will facilitate functional prediction in future projects. We propose that CBM92 proteins may cross-link polysaccharides in nature, and might have use in novel strategies for enzyme immobilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shu Hao
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Scott Mazurkewich
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Teknikringen 56-58, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - He Li
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alma Kvammen
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Srijani Saha
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Salla Koskela
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Teknikringen 56-58, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annie R Inman
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masahiro Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Nobukiyo Tanaka
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Gisela Brändén
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vincent Bulone
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park Campus, Sturt Road, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Johan Larsbrink
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Teknikringen 56-58, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lauren S McKee
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Teknikringen 56-58, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden.
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5
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Burgess SG, Paul NR, Richards MW, Ault JR, Askenatzis L, Claydon SG, Corbyn R, Machesky LM, Bayliss R. A nanobody inhibitor of Fascin-1 actin-bundling activity and filopodia formation. Open Biol 2024; 14:230376. [PMID: 38503329 PMCID: PMC10960945 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Fascin-1-mediated actin-bundling activity is central to the generation of plasma membrane protrusions required for cell migration. Dysregulated formation of cellular protrusions is observed in metastatic cancers, where they are required for increased invasiveness, and is often correlated with increased Fascin-1 abundance. Therefore, there is interest in generating therapeutic Fascin-1 inhibitors. We present the identification of Nb 3E11, a nanobody inhibitor of Fascin-1 actin-bundling activity and filopodia formation. The crystal structure of the Fascin-1/Nb 3E11 complex reveals the structural mechanism of inhibition. Nb 3E11 occludes an actin-binding site on the third β-trefoil domain of Fascin-1 that is currently not targeted by chemical inhibitors. Binding of Nb 3E11 to Fascin-1 induces a conformational change in the adjacent domains to stabilize Fascin-1 in an inhibitory state similar to that adopted in the presence of small-molecule inhibitors. Nb 3E11 could be used as a tool inhibitor molecule to aid in the development of Fascin-1 targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena G. Burgess
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nikki R. Paul
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Mark W. Richards
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - James R. Ault
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Laurie Askenatzis
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Sophie G. Claydon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Ryan Corbyn
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Laura M. Machesky
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Richard Bayliss
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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6
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Gong R, Reynolds MJ, Carney KR, Hamilton K, Bidone TC, Alushin GM. Fascin structural plasticity mediates flexible actin bundle construction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.03.574123. [PMID: 38260322 PMCID: PMC10802278 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.03.574123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Fascin crosslinks actin filaments (F-actin) into bundles that support tubular membrane protrusions including filopodia and stereocilia. Fascin dysregulation drives aberrant cell migration during metastasis, and fascin inhibitors are under development as cancer therapeutics. Here, we use cryo-electron microscopy, cryo-electron tomography coupled with custom denoising, and computational modeling to probe fascin's F-actin crosslinking mechanisms across spatial scales. Our fascin crossbridge structure reveals an asymmetric F-actin binding conformation that is allosterically blocked by the inhibitor G2. Reconstructions of seven-filament hexagonal bundle elements, variability analysis, and simulations show how structural plasticity enables fascin to bridge varied inter-filament orientations, accommodating mismatches between F-actin's helical symmetry and bundle hexagonal packing. Tomography of many-filament bundles and modeling uncovers geometric rules underlying emergent fascin binding patterns, as well as the accumulation of unfavorable crosslinks that limit bundle size. Collectively, this work shows how fascin harnesses fine-tuned nanoscale structural dynamics to build and regulate micron-scale F-actin bundles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gong
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew J. Reynolds
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keith R. Carney
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Keith Hamilton
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tamara C. Bidone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Gregory M. Alushin
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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7
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Abdullah AR, Gamal El-Din AM, El-Mahdy HA, Ismail Y, El-Husseiny AA. The crucial role of fascin-1 in the pathogenesis, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance of breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155079. [PMID: 38219494 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in women to be diagnosed, and it is also the second leading cause of cancer death in women globally. It is the disease that causes the most life years adjusted for disability lost among women, making it a serious worldwide health issue. Understanding and interpreting carcinogenesis and metastatic pathways is critical for curing malignancy. Fascin-1 was recognized as an actin-bundling protein with parallel, rigid bundles as a result of the cross-linking of F-actin microfilaments. Increasing levels of fascin-1 have been associated with bad prognostic profiles, aggressiveness of clinical courses, and poor survival outcomes in a variety of human malignancies. Cancer cells that overexpress fascin-1 have higher capabilities for proliferation, invasion, migration, and metastasis. Fascin-1 is being considered as a potential target for therapy as well as a potential biomarker for diagnostics in a variety of cancer types. This review aims to provide an overview of the FSCN1 gene and its protein structure, elucidate its physiological and pathological roles, and throw light on its involvement in the initiation, development, and chemotherapeutic resistance of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Abdullah
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ayman M Gamal El-Din
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham A El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Yahia Ismail
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Husseiny
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Cairo, Egypt.
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8
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Chen X, Roeters SJ, Cavanna F, Alvarado J, Baiz CR. Crowding alters F-actin secondary structure and hydration. Commun Biol 2023; 6:900. [PMID: 37660224 PMCID: PMC10475093 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin, an important component of eukaryotic cell cytoskeleton, regulates cell shape and transport. The morphology and biochemical properties of actin filaments are determined by their structure and protein-protein contacts. Crowded environments can organize filaments into bundles, but less is known about how they affect F-actin structure. This study used 2D IR spectroscopy and spectral calculations to examine how crowding and bundling impact the secondary structure and local environments in filaments and weakly or strongly bundled networks. The results reveal that bundling induces changes in actin's secondary structure, leading to a decrease in β-sheet and an increase in loop conformations. Strongly bundled networks exhibit a decrease in backbone solvent exposure, with less perturbed α-helices and nearly "locked" β-sheets. Similarly, the loops become less hydrated but maintain a dynamic environment. These findings highlight the role of loop structure in actin network morphology and stability under morphology control by PEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Steven J Roeters
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Francis Cavanna
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, Austin, TX, USA
| | - José Alvarado
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Carlos R Baiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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9
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Izdebska M, Zielińska W, Krajewski A, Grzanka A. Fascin in migration and metastasis of breast cancer cells - A review. Adv Med Sci 2023; 68:290-297. [PMID: 37660543 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cell migration and metastasis are the biggest problems in the treatment of cancer patients. The most aggressive breast cancer (BC) is the triple-negative type. Therefore, effective therapeutic targets that limit cell migration are sought. One such target may be fascin, as its overexpression is characteristic to triple-negative breast cancer. The high level of fascin enables the formation of protrusion and thus promotes the invasion of cancer cells. Fascin also shows co-localization or functional relationships with other proteins. These are proteins involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process, vimentin, cadherins, β-catenin, and matrix metalloproteinases 2/9 (MMP-2/9). Fascin is also involved in many signaling pathways protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ), Wnt/β-catenin, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt. Therefore, in this article, we review currently available in vitro studies and compare them with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data analysis of BC patients to demonstrate the role of fascin in the migration and invasion of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Izdebska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wioletta Zielińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adrian Krajewski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Alina Grzanka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
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10
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Park J, Bird JE. The actin cytoskeleton in hair bundle development and hearing loss. Hear Res 2023; 436:108817. [PMID: 37300948 PMCID: PMC10408727 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inner ear hair cells assemble mechanosensitive hair bundles on their apical surface that transduce sounds and accelerations. Each hair bundle is comprised of ∼ 100 individual stereocilia that are arranged into rows of increasing height and width; their specific and precise architecture being necessary for mechanoelectrical transduction (MET). The actin cytoskeleton is fundamental to establishing this architecture, not only by forming the structural scaffold shaping each stereocilium, but also by composing rootlets and the cuticular plate that together provide a stable foundation supporting each stereocilium. In concert with the actin cytoskeleton, a large assortment of actin-binding proteins (ABPs) function to cross-link actin filaments into specific topologies, as well as control actin filament growth, severing, and capping. These processes are individually critical for sensory transduction and are all disrupted in hereditary forms of human hearing loss. In this review, we provide an overview of actin-based structures in the hair bundle and the molecules contributing to their assembly and functional properties. We also highlight recent advances in mechanisms driving stereocilia elongation and how these processes are tuned by MET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States; Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Jonathan E Bird
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States; Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
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11
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Wang HJ, Jiang YP, Zhang JY, Tang XQ, Lou JS, Huang XY. Roles of Fascin in Dendritic Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3691. [PMID: 37509352 PMCID: PMC10378208 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that play a crucial role in activating naive T cells through presenting antigen information, thereby influencing immunity and anti-cancer responses. Fascin, a 55-kDa actin-bundling protein, is highly expressed in mature DCs and serves as a marker protein for their identification. However, the precise role of fascin in intratumoral DCs remains poorly understood. In this review, we aim to summarize the role of fascin in both normal and intratumoral DCs. In normal DCs, fascin promotes immune effects through facilitating DC maturation and migration. Through targeting intratumoral DCs, fascin inhibitors enhance anti-tumor immune activity. These roles of fascin in different DC populations offer valuable insights for future research in immunotherapy and strategies aimed at improving cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ya-Ping Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jun-Ying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jian-Shu Lou
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xin-Yun Huang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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12
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Haarer BK, Pimm ML, de Jong EP, Amberg DC, Henty-Ridilla JL. Purification of human β- and γ-actin from budding yeast. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260540. [PMID: 37070275 PMCID: PMC10184827 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochemical studies of human actin and its binding partners rely heavily on abundant and easily purified α-actin from skeletal muscle. Therefore, muscle actin has been used to evaluate and determine the activities of most actin regulatory proteins but there is an underlying concern that these proteins perform differently from actin present in non-muscle cells. To provide easily accessible and relatively abundant sources of human β- or γ-actin (i.e. cytoplasmic actins), we developed Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that express each as their sole source of actin. Both β- or γ-actin purified in this system polymerize and interact with various binding partners, including profilin, mDia1 (formin), fascin and thymosin-β4 (Tβ4). Notably, Tβ4 and profilin bind to β- or γ-actin with higher affinity than to α-actin, emphasizing the value of testing actin ligands with specific actin isoforms. These reagents will make specific isoforms of actin more accessible for future studies on actin regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K. Haarer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Morgan L. Pimm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | | | - David C. Amberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Jessica L. Henty-Ridilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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13
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Sharkova M, Chow E, Erickson T, Hocking JC. The morphological and functional diversity of apical microvilli. J Anat 2023; 242:327-353. [PMID: 36281951 PMCID: PMC9919547 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory neurons use specialized apical processes to perceive external stimuli and monitor internal body conditions. The apical apparatus can include cilia, microvilli, or both, and is adapted for the functions of the particular cell type. Photoreceptors detect light through a large, modified cilium (outer segment), that is supported by a surrounding ring of microvilli-like calyceal processes (CPs). Although first reported 150 years ago, CPs remain poorly understood. As a basis for future study, we therefore conducted a review of existing literature about sensory cell microvilli, which can act either as the primary sensory detector or as support for a cilia-based detector. While all microvilli are finger-like cellular protrusions with an actin core, the processes vary across cell types in size, number, arrangement, dynamics, and function. We summarize the current state of knowledge about CPs and the characteristics of the microvilli found on inner ear hair cells (stereocilia) and cerebral spinal fluid-contacting neurons, with comparisons to the brush border of the intestinal and renal epithelia. The structure, stability, and dynamics of the actin core are regulated by a complement of actin-binding proteins, which includes both common components and unique features when compared across cell types. Further, microvilli are often supported by lateral links, a glycocalyx, and a defined extracellular matrix, each adapted to the function and environment of the cell. Our comparison of microvillar features will inform further research into how CPs support photoreceptor function, and also provide a general basis for investigations into the structure and functions of apical microvilli found on sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sharkova
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Erica Chow
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Timothy Erickson
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jennifer C Hocking
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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14
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Rajan S, Kudryashov DS, Reisler E. Actin Bundles Dynamics and Architecture. Biomolecules 2023; 13:450. [PMID: 36979385 PMCID: PMC10046292 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells use the actin cytoskeleton for many of their functions, including their division, adhesion, mechanosensing, endo- and phagocytosis, migration, and invasion. Actin bundles are the main constituent of actin-rich structures involved in these processes. An ever-increasing number of proteins that crosslink actin into bundles or regulate their morphology is being identified in cells. With recent advances in high-resolution microscopy and imaging techniques, the complex process of bundles formation and the multiple forms of physiological bundles are beginning to be better understood. Here, we review the physiochemical and biological properties of four families of highly conserved and abundant actin-bundling proteins, namely, α-actinin, fimbrin/plastin, fascin, and espin. We describe the similarities and differences between these proteins, their role in the formation of physiological actin bundles, and their properties-both related and unrelated to their bundling abilities. We also review some aspects of the general mechanism of actin bundles formation, which are known from the available information on the activity of the key actin partners involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeepa Rajan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dmitri S. Kudryashov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Emil Reisler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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15
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Morales EA, Gaeta I, Tyska MJ. Building the brush border, one microvillus at a time. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 80:102153. [PMID: 36827850 PMCID: PMC10033394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Microvilli are actin bundle-supported surface protrusions assembled by diverse cell types to mediate biochemical and physical interactions with the external environment. Found on the surface of some of the earliest animal cells, primordial microvilli likely contributed to bacterial entrapment and feeding. Although millions of years of evolution have repurposed these protrusions to fulfill diverse roles such as detection of mechanical or visual stimuli in inner ear hair cells or retinal pigmented epithelial cells, respectively, solute uptake remains a key essential function linked to these structures. In this mini review, we offer a brief overview of the composition and structure of epithelial microvilli, highlight recent discoveries on the growth of these protrusions early in differentiation, and point to fundamental questions surrounding microvilli biogenesis that remain open for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Angelo Morales
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Isabella Gaeta
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew J Tyska
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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16
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Hassan HHA, Ismail MI, Abourehab MAS, Boeckler FM, Ibrahim TM, Arafa RK. In Silico Targeting of Fascin Protein for Cancer Therapy: Benchmarking, Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics Approaches. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031296. [PMID: 36770963 PMCID: PMC9921211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Fascin is an actin-bundling protein overexpressed in various invasive metastatic carcinomas through promoting cell migration and invasion. Therefore, blocking Fascin binding sites is considered a vital target for antimetastatic drugs. This inspired us to find new Fascin binding site blockers. First, we built an active compound set by collecting reported small molecules binding to Fascin's binding site 2. Consequently, a high-quality decoys set was generated employing DEKOIS 2.0 protocol to be applied in conducting the benchmarking analysis against the selected Fascin structures. Four docking programs, MOE, AutoDock Vina, VinaXB, and PLANTS were evaluated in the benchmarking study. All tools indicated better-than-random performance reflected by their pROC-AUC values against the Fascin crystal structure (PDB: ID 6I18). Interestingly, PLANTS exhibited the best screening performance and recognized potent actives at early enrichment. Accordingly, PLANTS was utilized in the prospective virtual screening effort for repurposing FDA-approved drugs (DrugBank database) and natural products (NANPDB). Further assessment via molecular dynamics simulations for 100 ns endorsed Remdesivir (DrugBank) and NANPDB3 (NANPDB) as potential binders to Fascin binding site 2. In conclusion, this study delivers a model for implementing a customized DEKOIS 2.0 benchmark set to enhance the VS success rate against new potential targets for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba H. A. Hassan
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Muhammad I. Ismail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Al-Sherouk City, Cairo-Suez Desert Road, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. S. Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Frank M. Boeckler
- Lab for Molecular Design and Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tamer M. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
- Correspondence: or (T.M.I.); (R.K.A.)
| | - Reem K. Arafa
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
- Correspondence: or (T.M.I.); (R.K.A.)
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17
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Wu X, Xu LY, Li EM, Dong G. Molecular dynamics simulation study on the structures of fascin mutants. J Mol Recognit 2023; 36:e2998. [PMID: 36225126 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fascin is a filamentous actin (F-actin) bundling protein, which cross-links F-actin into bundles and becomes an important component of filopodia on the cell surface. Fascin is overexpressed in many types of cancers. The mutation of fascin affects its ability to bind to F-actin and the progress of cancer. In this paper, we have studied the effects of residues of K22, K41, K43, K241, K358, K399, and K471 using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. For the strong-effect residues, that is, K22, K41, K43, K358, and K471, our results show that the mutation of K to A leads to large values of root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) around the mutated residues, indicating those residues are important for the flexibility and thermal stability. On the other hand, based on residue cross-correlation analysis, alanine mutations of these residues reinforce the correlation between residues. Together with the RMSF data, the local flexibility is extended to the entire protein by the strong correlations to influence the dynamics and function of fascin. By contrast, for the mutants of K241A and K399A those do not affect the function of fascin, the RMSF data do not show significant differences compared with wild-type fascin. These findings are in a good agreement with experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - En-Min Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Geng Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Zhou A, Nian J, Liu S, Wei X. FSCN1 has a potential indication for the prognosis and regulates the migration of HNSCC. Cancer Biomark 2023; 38:161-176. [PMID: 37522194 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-220409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of molecular markers for diagnosis and prognosis is of great clinical significance for HNSCC patients. In this study, we proposed that FSCN1 has a potential indication for prognosis and is essential for the migration of HNSCC. METHODS We analyzed the expression and survival association of FSCN1 in HNSCC using TCGA data. We compared the expression of FSCN1 in tumors from primary and metastasis HNSCC patients using QPCR, western blotting, and immunochemistry staining. We determined the migration velocity of multiple HNSCC cell lines using a chemotaxis migration assay. We analyzed the correlation between FSCN1 expression and HNSCC cell migration. We also test the effect of FSCN1 knockdown and overexpression on HNSCC cell migration. RESULTS FSCN1 was overexpressed in HNSCC than pair normal tissues and metastasis HNSCC than primary HNSCC. FSCN1 expression was associated with significantly poorer overall survival of HNSCC patients. FSCN1 was potentially associated with immune cell infiltration and migration-associated genes. FSCN1 level was correlated with the migration in HNSCC cell lines. Knockdown of FSCN1 reduced the migration and the overexpression of FSCN1 promoted the migration of HNSCC cell lines. CONCLUSION FSCN1 is a potential prognostic marker and a critical biomolecule for the migration of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hainan General Hospital/Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hainan General Hospital/Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Anyan Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medical, Hainan General Hospital/Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hainan General Hospital/Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jiabin Nian
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hainan General Hospital/Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shuzhou Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hainan General Hospital/Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hainan General Hospital/Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Zhang ZD, Li RR, Chen JY, Huang HX, Cheng YW, Xu LY, Li EM. The post-translational modification of Fascin: impact on cell biology and its associations with inhibiting tumor metastasis. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1541-1552. [PMID: 35939077 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The post-translational modifications (PTMs), which are crucial in the regulation of protein functions, have great potential as biomarkers of cancer status. Fascin (Fascin actin-bundling protein 1, FSCN1), a key protein in the formation of filopodia that is structurally based on actin filaments (F-actin), is significantly associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. Studies have revealed various regulatory mechanisms of human Fascin, including PTMs. Although a number of Fascin PTM sites have been identified, their exact functions and clinical significance are much less explored. This review explores studies on the functions of Fascin and briefly discusses the regulatory mechanisms of Fascin. Next, to review the role of Fascin PTMs in cell biology and their associations with metastatic disease, we discuss the advances in the characterization of Fascin PTMs, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, and acetylation, and the main regulatory mechanisms are discussed. Fascin PTMs may be potential targets for therapy for metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Da Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong-Rong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-You Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Xin Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yin-Wei Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - En-Min Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
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20
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Tsai FC, Henderson JM, Jarin Z, Kremneva E, Senju Y, Pernier J, Mikhajlov O, Manzi J, Kogan K, Le Clainche C, Voth GA, Lappalainen P, Bassereau P. Activated I-BAR IRSp53 clustering controls the formation of VASP-actin-based membrane protrusions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabp8677. [PMID: 36240267 PMCID: PMC9565809 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abp8677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Filopodia are actin-rich membrane protrusions essential for cell morphogenesis, motility, and cancer invasion. How cells control filopodium initiation on the plasma membrane remains elusive. We performed experiments in cellulo, in vitro, and in silico to unravel the mechanism of filopodium initiation driven by the membrane curvature sensor IRSp53 (insulin receptor substrate protein of 53 kDa). We showed that full-length IRSp53 self-assembles into clusters on membranes depending on PIP2. Using well-controlled in vitro reconstitution systems, we demonstrated that IRSp53 clusters recruit the actin polymerase VASP (vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein) to assemble actin filaments locally on membranes, leading to the generation of actin-filled membrane protrusions reminiscent of filopodia. By pulling membrane nanotubes from live cells, we observed that IRSp53 can only be enriched and trigger actin assembly in nanotubes at highly dynamic membrane regions. Our work supports a regulation mechanism of IRSp53 in its attributes of curvature sensation and partner recruitment to ensure a precise spatial-temporal control of filopodium initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ching Tsai
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Corresponding author. (F.-C.T.); (G.A.V.); (P.L.); (P.B.)
| | - J. Michael Henderson
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3691, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Zack Jarin
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Elena Kremneva
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yosuke Senju
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science (RIIS), Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Julien Pernier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Oleg Mikhajlov
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - John Manzi
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Konstantin Kogan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christophe Le Clainche
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gregory A. Voth
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Corresponding author. (F.-C.T.); (G.A.V.); (P.L.); (P.B.)
| | - Pekka Lappalainen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Corresponding author. (F.-C.T.); (G.A.V.); (P.L.); (P.B.)
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Corresponding author. (F.-C.T.); (G.A.V.); (P.L.); (P.B.)
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21
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Tsai FC, Henderson JM, Jarin Z, Kremneva E, Senju Y, Pernier J, Mikhajlov O, Manzi J, Kogan K, Le Clainche C, Voth GA, Lappalainen P, Bassereau P. Activated I-BAR IRSp53 clustering controls the formation of VASP-actin-based membrane protrusions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabp8677. [PMID: 36240267 DOI: 10.1101/2022.03.04.483020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Filopodia are actin-rich membrane protrusions essential for cell morphogenesis, motility, and cancer invasion. How cells control filopodium initiation on the plasma membrane remains elusive. We performed experiments in cellulo, in vitro, and in silico to unravel the mechanism of filopodium initiation driven by the membrane curvature sensor IRSp53 (insulin receptor substrate protein of 53 kDa). We showed that full-length IRSp53 self-assembles into clusters on membranes depending on PIP2. Using well-controlled in vitro reconstitution systems, we demonstrated that IRSp53 clusters recruit the actin polymerase VASP (vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein) to assemble actin filaments locally on membranes, leading to the generation of actin-filled membrane protrusions reminiscent of filopodia. By pulling membrane nanotubes from live cells, we observed that IRSp53 can only be enriched and trigger actin assembly in nanotubes at highly dynamic membrane regions. Our work supports a regulation mechanism of IRSp53 in its attributes of curvature sensation and partner recruitment to ensure a precise spatial-temporal control of filopodium initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ching Tsai
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - J Michael Henderson
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3691, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Zack Jarin
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Elena Kremneva
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yosuke Senju
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science (RIIS), Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Julien Pernier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Oleg Mikhajlov
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - John Manzi
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Konstantin Kogan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christophe Le Clainche
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gregory A Voth
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Pekka Lappalainen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
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22
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Lawson CD, Peel S, Jayo A, Corrigan A, Iyer P, Baxter Dalrymple M, Marsh RJ, Cox S, Van Audenhove I, Gettemans J, Parsons M. Nuclear fascin regulates cancer cell survival. eLife 2022; 11:79283. [PMID: 36039640 PMCID: PMC9427113 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascin is an important regulator of F-actin bundling leading to enhanced filopodia assembly. Fascin is also overexpressed in most solid tumours where it supports invasion through control of F-actin structures at the periphery and nuclear envelope. Recently, fascin has been identified in the nucleus of a broad range of cell types but the contributions of nuclear fascin to cancer cell behaviour remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that fascin bundles F-actin within the nucleus to support chromatin organisation and efficient DDR. Fascin associates directly with phosphorylated Histone H3 leading to regulated levels of nuclear fascin to support these phenotypes. Forcing nuclear fascin accumulation through the expression of nuclear-targeted fascin-specific nanobodies or inhibition of Histone H3 kinases results in enhanced and sustained nuclear F-actin bundling leading to reduced invasion, viability, and nuclear fascin-specific/driven apoptosis. These findings represent an additional important route through which fascin can support tumourigenesis and provide insight into potential pathways for targeted fascin-dependent cancer cell killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Campbell D Lawson
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus
| | - Samantha Peel
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca (United Kingdom)
| | - Asier Jayo
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus
| | - Adam Corrigan
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca (United Kingdom)
| | - Preeti Iyer
- Molecular AI, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca (Sweden)
| | | | - Richard J Marsh
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus
| | - Susan Cox
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus
| | - Isabel Van Audenhove
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University
| | - Jan Gettemans
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus
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23
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Bousgouni V, Inge O, Robertson D, Jones I, Clatworthy I, Bakal C. ARHGEF9 regulates melanoma morphogenesis in environments with diverse geometry and elasticity by promoting filopodial-driven adhesion. iScience 2022; 25:104795. [PMID: 36039362 PMCID: PMC9418690 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTP Exchange Factors (RhoGEFs) and Rho GTPase Activating Proteins (RhoGAPs) are large families of molecules that regulate shape determination in all eukaryotes. In pathologies such as melanoma, RhoGEF and RhoGAP activity underpins the ability of cells to invade tissues of varying elasticity. To identify RhoGEFs and RhoGAPs that regulate melanoma cell shape on soft and/or stiff materials, we performed genetic screens, in tandem with single-cell quantitative morphological analysis. We show that ARHGEF9/Collybistin (Cb) is essential for cell shape determination on both soft and stiff materials, and in cells embedded in 3D soft hydrogel. ARHGEF9 is required for melanoma cells to invade 3D matrices. Depletion of ARHGEF9 results in loss of tension at focal adhesions decreased cell-wide contractility, and the inability to stabilize protrusions. Taken together we show that ARHGEF9 promotes the formation of actin-rich filopodia, which serves to establish and stabilize adhesions and determine melanoma cell shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Bousgouni
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Oliver Inge
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - David Robertson
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Ian Jones
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Innes Clatworthy
- Core Research Laboratories, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Chris Bakal
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
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24
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Zeng F, Cheng Y, He J, Xu X, Liao L, Xu L, Li E. Fascin lysine 471 acetylation cooperates with serine 39 phosphorylation to inhibit actin-bundling activity and tumor metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:668-672. [PMID: 35514194 PMCID: PMC9257986 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fa‐Min Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041 P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000 P. R. China
| | - Yin‐Wei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041 P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041 P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Zhong He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
- Department of Pathologythe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong519000P. R. China
| | - Xiu‐E Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular ImmunopathologyInstitute of Basic Medical ScienceCancer Research CenterShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
| | - Lian‐Di Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular ImmunopathologyInstitute of Basic Medical ScienceCancer Research CenterShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
| | - Li‐Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041 P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041 P. R. China
| | - En‐Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041 P. R. China
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25
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Lehne F, Pokrant T, Parbin S, Salinas G, Großhans J, Rust K, Faix J, Bogdan S. Calcium bursts allow rapid reorganization of EFhD2/Swip-1 cross-linked actin networks in epithelial wound closure. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2492. [PMID: 35524157 PMCID: PMC9076686 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in cell morphology require the dynamic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Calcium fluxes have been suggested as an important signal to rapidly relay information to the actin cytoskeleton, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we identify the EF-hand domain containing protein EFhD2/Swip-1 as a conserved lamellipodial protein strongly upregulated in Drosophila macrophages at the onset of metamorphosis when macrophage behavior shifts from quiescent to migratory state. Loss- and gain-of-function analysis confirm a critical function of EFhD2/Swip-1 in lamellipodial cell migration in fly and mouse melanoma cells. Contrary to previous assumptions, TIRF-analyses unambiguously demonstrate that EFhD2/Swip-1 proteins efficiently cross-link actin filaments in a calcium-dependent manner. Using a single-cell wounding model, we show that EFhD2/Swip-1 promotes wound closure in a calcium-dependent manner. Mechanistically, our data suggest that transient calcium bursts reduce EFhD2/Swip-1 cross-linking activity and thereby promote rapid reorganization of existing actin networks to drive epithelial wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lehne
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pokrant
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabnam Parbin
- NGS-Integrative Genomics Core Unit, Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- NGS-Integrative Genomics Core Unit, Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Großhans
- Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katja Rust
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jan Faix
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sven Bogdan
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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26
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Vakhrusheva A, Murashko A, Trifonova E, Efremov Y, Timashev P, Sokolova O. Role of Actin-binding Proteins in the Regulation of Cellular Mechanics. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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27
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Atherton J, Stouffer M, Francis F, Moores CA. Visualising the cytoskeletal machinery in neuronal growth cones using cryo-electron tomography. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274968. [PMID: 35383828 PMCID: PMC9016625 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons extend axons to form the complex circuitry of the mature brain. This depends on the coordinated response and continuous remodelling of the microtubule and F-actin networks in the axonal growth cone. Growth cone architecture remains poorly understood at nanoscales. We therefore investigated mouse hippocampal neuron growth cones using cryo-electron tomography to directly visualise their three-dimensional subcellular architecture with molecular detail. Our data showed that the hexagonal arrays of actin bundles that form filopodia penetrate and terminate deep within the growth cone interior. We directly observed the modulation of these and other growth cone actin bundles by alteration of individual F-actin helical structures. Microtubules with blunt, slightly flared or gently curved ends predominated in the growth cone, frequently contained lumenal particles and exhibited lattice defects. Investigation of the effect of absence of doublecortin, a neurodevelopmental cytoskeleton regulator, on growth cone cytoskeleton showed no major anomalies in overall growth cone organisation or in F-actin subpopulations. However, our data suggested that microtubules sustained more structural defects, highlighting the importance of microtubule integrity during growth cone migration. Summary: Cryo-electron tomographic reconstruction of neuronal growth cone subdomains reveals distinctive F-actin and microtubule cytoskeleton architectures and modulation at molecular detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Atherton
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College, London SE1 1YR, UK.,Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Melissa Stouffer
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 17 Rue du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne University UMR-S 1270, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, 17 Rue du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France.,Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuberg, Austria
| | - Fiona Francis
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 17 Rue du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne University UMR-S 1270, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, 17 Rue du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Carolyn A Moores
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
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28
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Gasilina A, Yoon HY, Jian X, Luo R, Randazzo PA. A lysine-rich cluster in the N-BAR domain of ARF GTPase-activating protein ASAP1 is necessary for binding and bundling actin filaments. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101700. [PMID: 35143843 PMCID: PMC8902617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin filament maintenance is critical for both normal cell homeostasis and events associated with malignant transformation. The ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein ASAP1 regulates the dynamics of filamentous actin-based structures, including stress fibers, focal adhesions, and circular dorsal ruffles. Here, we have examined the molecular basis for ASAP1 association with actin. Using a combination of structural modeling, mutagenesis, and in vitro and cell-based assays, we identify a putative-binding interface between the N-Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain of ASAP1 and actin filaments. We found that neutralization of charges and charge reversal at positions 75, 76, and 79 of ASAP1 reduced the binding of ASAP1 BAR-pleckstrin homology tandem to actin filaments and abrogated actin bundle formation in vitro. In addition, overexpression of actin-binding defective ASAP1 BAR-pleckstrin homology [K75, K76, K79] mutants prevented cellular actin remodeling in U2OS cells. Exogenous expression of [K75E, K76E, K79E] mutant of full-length ASAP1 did not rescue the reduction of cellular actin fibers consequent to knockdown of endogenous ASAP1. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that the lysine-rich cluster in the N-BAR domain of ASAP1 is important for regulating actin filament organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjelika Gasilina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Hye-Young Yoon
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaoying Jian
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruibai Luo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul A Randazzo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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29
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Role of FSCN1 in the Tumor Microenvironment of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Magits W, Sablina AA. The regulation of the protein interaction network by monoubiquitination. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 73:102333. [PMID: 35176591 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The conjugation of a single ubiquitin or monoubiquitination acts as a versatile signal that can have both degradative and non-degradative functions. The latter is of particular interest as emerging evidence indicates that ubiquitin-driven alterations of the protein interaction landscape play a key role in multiple signaling pathways. Whereas early studies were focused on how monoubiquitination alters the interactions of proteins containing ubiquitin-binding domains, more recent reports demonstrate that ubiquitin conjugation can also affect the binding mode by changing the surface of the ubiquitinated substrate. Furthermore, monoubiquitination modulates the interactions with other macromolecules, such as DNA or lipids, underscoring the diverse role of monoubiquitination in cellular processes. In this review, we discussed how monoubiquitination achieves its function by modulating the interaction landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wout Magits
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna A Sablina
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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31
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Diazzi S, Baeri A, Fassy J, Lecacheur M, Marin-Bejar O, Girard CA, Lefevre L, Lacoux C, Irondelle M, Mounier C, Truchi M, Couralet M, Ohanna M, Carminati A, Berestjuk I, Larbret F, Gilot D, Vassaux G, Marine JC, Deckert M, Mari B, Tartare-Deckert S. Blockade of the pro-fibrotic reaction mediated by the miR-143/-145 cluster enhances the responses to targeted therapy in melanoma. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15295. [PMID: 35156321 PMCID: PMC8899916 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202115295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lineage dedifferentiation toward a mesenchymal‐like state displaying myofibroblast and fibrotic features is a common mechanism of adaptive and acquired resistance to targeted therapy in melanoma. Here, we show that the anti‐fibrotic drug nintedanib is active to normalize the fibrous ECM network, enhance the efficacy of MAPK‐targeted therapy, and delay tumor relapse in a preclinical model of melanoma. Acquisition of this resistant phenotype and its reversion by nintedanib pointed to miR‐143/‐145 pro‐fibrotic cluster as a driver of this mesenchymal‐like phenotype. Upregulation of the miR‐143/‐145 cluster under BRAFi/MAPKi therapy was observed in melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo and was associated with an invasive/undifferentiated profile. The 2 mature miRNAs generated from this cluster, miR‐143‐3p and miR‐145‐5p, collaborated to mediate transition toward a drug‐resistant undifferentiated mesenchymal‐like state by targeting Fascin actin‐bundling protein 1 (FSCN1), modulating the dynamic crosstalk between the actin cytoskeleton and the ECM through the regulation of focal adhesion dynamics and mechanotransduction pathways. Our study brings insights into a novel miRNA‐mediated regulatory network that contributes to non‐genetic adaptive drug resistance and provides proof of principle that preventing MAPKi‐induced pro‐fibrotic stromal response is a viable therapeutic opportunity for patients on targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Diazzi
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Sophia Antipolis, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Alberto Baeri
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Julien Fassy
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Margaux Lecacheur
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Oskar Marin-Bejar
- Laboratory For Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe A Girard
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Lauren Lefevre
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Caroline Lacoux
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Sophia Antipolis, France
| | | | - Carine Mounier
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Sophia Antipolis, France.,CYU Université, ERRMECe (EA1391), Neuville-sur-Oise, France
| | - Marin Truchi
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Marie Couralet
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Mickael Ohanna
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Alexandrine Carminati
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Ilona Berestjuk
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Frederic Larbret
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - David Gilot
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Georges Vassaux
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory For Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcel Deckert
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Bernard Mari
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Sophia Antipolis, France.,FHU-OncoAge, Nice, France
| | - Sophie Tartare-Deckert
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France.,FHU-OncoAge, Nice, France
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Sherer LA, Courtemanche N. Cooperative bundling by fascin generates actin structures with architectures that depend on filament length. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:974047. [PMID: 36120572 PMCID: PMC9479110 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.974047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The assembly of actin-based structures with precisely defined architectures supports essential cellular functions, including motility, intracellular transport, and division. The geometric arrangements of the filaments within actin structures are stabilized via the association of crosslinking proteins, which bind two filaments simultaneously. Because actin polymerization and crosslinking occur concurrently within the dynamic environment of the cell, these processes likely play interdependent roles in shaping the architectures of actin-based structures. To dissect the contribution of polymerization to the construction of higher-order actin structures, we investigated how filament elongation affects the formation of simple, polarized actin bundles by the crosslinking protein fascin. Using populations of actin filaments to represent distinct stages of elongation, we found that the rate of bundle assembly increases with filament length. Fascin assembles short filaments into discrete bundles, whereas bundles of long filaments merge with one another to form interconnected networks. Although filament elongation promotes bundle coalescence, many connections formed between elongating bundles are short-lived and are followed by filament breakage. Our data suggest that initiation of crosslinking early in elongation aligns growing filaments, creating a template for continued bundle assembly as elongation proceeds. This initial alignment promotes the assembly of bundles that are resistant to large changes in curvature that are required for coalescence into interconnected networks. As a result, bundles of short filaments remain straighter and more topologically discrete as elongation proceeds than bundles assembled from long filaments. Thus, uncoordinated filament elongation and crosslinking can alter the architecture of bundled actin networks, highlighting the importance of maintaining precise control over filament length during the assembly of specialized actin structures.
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Cheng Y, Zeng F, Li D, Wang S, He J, Guo Z, Nie P, Wu Z, Shi W, Wen B, Xu X, Liao L, Li Z, Wu J, Zhan J, Zhang H, Chang Z, Zhang K, Xu L, Li E. P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF)-mediated acetylation of Fascin at lysine 471 inhibits its actin-bundling activity and tumor metastasis in esophageal cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:1398-1416. [PMID: 34555274 PMCID: PMC8696220 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fascin is crucial for cancer cell filopodium formation and tumor metastasis, and is functionally regulated by post-translational modifications. However, whether and how Fascin is regulated by acetylation remains unclear. This study explored the regulation of Fascin acetylation and its corresponding roles in filopodium formation and tumor metastasis. METHODS Immunoprecipitation and glutathione-S-transferase pull-down assays were performed to examine the interaction between Fascin and acetyltransferase P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), and immunofluorescence was used to investigate their colocalization. An in vitro acetylation assay was performed to identify Fascin acetylation sites by using mass spectrometry. A specific antibody against acetylated Fascin was generated and used to detect the PCAF-mediated Fascin acetylation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells using Western blotting by overexpressing and knocking down PCAF expression. An in vitro cell migration assay was performed, and a xenograft model was established to study in vivo tumor metastasis. Live-cell imaging and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching were used to evaluate the function and dynamics of acetylated Fascin in filopodium formation. The clinical significance of acetylated Fascin and PCAF in ESCC was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Fascin directly interacted and colocalized with PCAF in the cytoplasm and was acetylated at lysine 471 (K471) by PCAF. Using the specific anti-AcK471-Fascin antibody, Fascin was found to be acetylated in ESCC cells, and the acetylation level was consequently increased after PCAF overexpression and decreased after PCAF knockdown. Functionally, Fascin-K471 acetylation markedly suppressed in vitro ESCC cell migration and in vivo tumor metastasis, whereas Fascin-K471 deacetylation exhibited a potent oncogenic function. Moreover, Fascin-K471 acetylation reduced filopodial length and density, and lifespan of ESCC cells, while its deacetylation produced the opposite effect. In the filipodium shaft, K471-acetylated Fascin displayed rapid dynamic exchange, suggesting that it remained in its monomeric form owing to its weakened actin-bundling activity. Clinically, high levels of AcK471-Fascin in ESCC tissues were strongly associated with prolonged overall survival and disease-free survival of ESCC patients. CONCLUSIONS Fascin interacts directly with PCAF and is acetylated at lysine 471 in ESCC cells. Fascin-K471 acetylation suppressed ESCC cell migration and tumor metastasis by reducing filopodium formation through the impairment of its actin-bundling activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin‐Wei Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
- Institute of Basic Medical ScienceCancer Research CenterShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
| | - Fa‐Min Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
| | - Da‐Jia Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
| | - Shao‐Hong Wang
- Shantou Central HospitalAffiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Zhong He
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular ImmunopathologyInstitute of Oncologic PathologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
| | - Zhen‐Chang Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070P. R. China
| | - Ping‐Juan Nie
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Yong Wu
- Shantou Central HospitalAffiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Qi Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
| | - Bing Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
| | - Xiu‐E Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular ImmunopathologyInstitute of Oncologic PathologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
| | - Lian‐Di Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular ImmunopathologyInstitute of Oncologic PathologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Mao Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular ImmunopathologyInstitute of Oncologic PathologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Yi Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Quan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Jie Chang
- School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070P. R. China
| | - Li‐Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
- Institute of Basic Medical ScienceCancer Research CenterShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular ImmunopathologyInstitute of Oncologic PathologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
| | - En‐Min Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
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Gupta I, Vranic S, Al-Thawadi H, Al Moustafa AE. Fascin in Gynecological Cancers: An Update of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225760. [PMID: 34830909 PMCID: PMC8616296 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fascin, an actin-binding protein, is upregulated in different types of human cancers. It is reportedly responsible for increasing the invasive and metastatic ability of cancer cells by reducing cell–cell adhesions. This review provides a brief overview of fascin and its interactions with other genes and oncoviruses to induce the onset and progression of cancer. Abstract Fascin is an actin-binding protein that is encoded by the FSCN1 gene (located on chromosome 7). It triggers membrane projections and stimulates cell motility in cancer cells. Fascin overexpression has been described in different types of human cancers in which its expression correlated with tumor growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Moreover, overexpression of fascin was found in oncovirus-infected cells, such as human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), disrupting the cell–cell adhesion and enhancing cancer progression. Based on these findings, several studies reported fascin as a potential biomarker and a therapeutic target in various cancers. This review provides a brief overview of the FSCN1 role in various cancers with emphasis on gynecological malignancies. We also discuss fascin interactions with other genes and oncoviruses through which it might induce cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Gupta
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (I.G.); (S.V.); (H.A.-T.)
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Semir Vranic
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (I.G.); (S.V.); (H.A.-T.)
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Hamda Al-Thawadi
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (I.G.); (S.V.); (H.A.-T.)
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (I.G.); (S.V.); (H.A.-T.)
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Centre, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-4403-7817
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Hu LL, Pan MH, Yang FL, Zong ZA, Tang F, Pan ZN, Lu X, Ren YP, Wang JL, Sun SC. FASCIN regulates actin assembly for spindle movement and polar body extrusion in mouse oocyte meiosis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7725-7733. [PMID: 34018605 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
During mouse oocyte meiotic maturation, actin filaments play multiple roles in meiosis such as spindle migration and cytokinesis. FASCIN is shown to be an actin-binding and bundling protein, making actin filaments tightly packed and parallel-aligned, and FASCIN is involved in several cellular processes like adhesion and migration. FASCIN is also a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of metastatic disease. However, little is known about the functions of FASCIN in oocyte meiosis. In the present study, we knocked down the expression of FASCIN, and our results showed that FASCIN was essential for oocyte maturation. FASCIN was all expressed in the different stages of oocyte meiosis, and it mainly localized at the cortex of oocytes from the GV stage to the MII stage and showed a similar localization pattern with actin and DAAM1. Depletion of FASCIN affected the extrusion of the first polar body, and we also observed that some oocytes extruded from the large polar bodies. This might have resulted from the defects of actin assembly, which further affected the meiotic spindle positioning. In addition, we showed that inhibition of PKC activity decreased FASCIN expression, indicating that FASCIN might be regulated by PKC. Taken together, our results provided evidence for the important role of FASCIN on actin filaments for spindle migration and polar body extrusion in mouse oocyte meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Hu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Meng-Hao Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng-Lian Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Zi-Ao Zong
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Feng Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen-Nan Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yan-Ping Ren
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jun-Li Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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36
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Kilo L, Stürner T, Tavosanis G, Ziegler AB. Drosophila Dendritic Arborisation Neurons: Fantastic Actin Dynamics and Where to Find Them. Cells 2021; 10:2777. [PMID: 34685757 PMCID: PMC8534399 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal dendrites receive, integrate, and process numerous inputs and therefore serve as the neuron's "antennae". Dendrites display extreme morphological diversity across different neuronal classes to match the neuron's specific functional requirements. Understanding how this structural diversity is specified is therefore important for shedding light on information processing in the healthy and diseased nervous system. Popular models for in vivo studies of dendrite differentiation are the four classes of dendritic arborization (c1da-c4da) neurons of Drosophila larvae with their class-specific dendritic morphologies. Using da neurons, a combination of live-cell imaging and computational approaches have delivered information on the distinct phases and the time course of dendrite development from embryonic stages to the fully developed dendritic tree. With these data, we can start approaching the basic logic behind differential dendrite development. A major role in the definition of neuron-type specific morphologies is played by dynamic actin-rich processes and the regulation of their properties. This review presents the differences in the growth programs leading to morphologically different dendritic trees, with a focus on the key role of actin modulatory proteins. In addition, we summarize requirements and technological progress towards the visualization and manipulation of such actin regulators in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kilo
- Dendrite Differentiation, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (L.K.); (G.T.)
| | - Tomke Stürner
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK;
| | - Gaia Tavosanis
- Dendrite Differentiation, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (L.K.); (G.T.)
- LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna B. Ziegler
- Institute of Neuro- and Behavioral Biology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Wu X, Wen B, Lin L, Shi W, Li D, Cheng Y, Xu LY, Li EM, Dong G. New insights into the function of Fascin in actin bundling: A combined theoretical and experimental study. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 139:106056. [PMID: 34390855 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fascin, one of actin bundling proteins, plays an important role in the cross-linking of actin filaments (F-actin). Phosphorylation of Fascin is an important posttranslational modification to affect its structure and function. For example, a phosphomimetic mutation of Fascin-S39D decrease its bundling ability with F-actin significantly. In this paper, we studied the actin-bundling activity of Fascin by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and biochemical methods. All single-site mutations from serine/threonine to aspartic acid were mimicked by MD simulations. For five mutants (S146D, S156D, S218D, T239D and S259D), the mutated residues in domain 2 of Fascin were found to form salt-bridge interactions with an adjacent residue, indicating that mutations of these residues could potentially reduce actin-bundling activity. Further, F-actin-bundling assays and immunofluorescence technique showed S146D and T239D to have a strong effect on Fascin bundling with F-actin. Finally, we show that single-site mutations do not change the general shape of Fascin, but local structures near the mutated residues in Fascin-S146D and T239D become unstable, thereby affecting the ability of Fascin to bind with F-actin. These findings suggest that targeting domain 2 of Fascin would be very useful for the drug design. In addition, our study indicates that MD simulation is a useful method to screening which residues on Fascin are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, PR China
| | - Bing Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, PR China
| | - Lirui Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, PR China; Medical Informatics Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, PR China
| | - Wenqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, PR China; Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, PR China
| | - Dajia Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, PR China; Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, PR China
| | - Yinwei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, PR China; Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, PR China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, PR China; Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, PR China.
| | - En-Min Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, PR China.
| | - Geng Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, PR China; Medical Informatics Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, PR China.
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38
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Bashirzadeh Y, Redford SA, Lorpaiboon C, Groaz A, Moghimianavval H, Litschel T, Schwille P, Hocky GM, Dinner AR, Liu AP. Actin crosslinker competition and sorting drive emergent GUV size-dependent actin network architecture. Commun Biol 2021. [PMID: 34584211 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.03.322354v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteins that make up the actin cytoskeleton can self-assemble into a variety of structures. In vitro experiments and coarse-grained simulations have shown that the actin crosslinking proteins α-actinin and fascin segregate into distinct domains in single actin bundles with a molecular size-dependent competition-based mechanism. Here, by encapsulating actin, α-actinin, and fascin in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), we show that physical confinement can cause these proteins to form much more complex structures, including rings and asters at GUV peripheries and centers; the prevalence of different structures depends on GUV size. Strikingly, we found that α-actinin and fascin self-sort into separate domains in the aster structures with actin bundles whose apparent stiffness depends on the ratio of the relative concentrations of α-actinin and fascin. The observed boundary-imposed effect on protein sorting may be a general mechanism for creating emergent structures in biopolymer networks with multiple crosslinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashar Bashirzadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Steven A Redford
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- The graduate program in Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | | | - Alessandro Groaz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Thomas Litschel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Petra Schwille
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Glen M Hocky
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Aaron R Dinner
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Allen P Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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39
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Bashirzadeh Y, Redford SA, Lorpaiboon C, Groaz A, Moghimianavval H, Litschel T, Schwille P, Hocky GM, Dinner AR, Liu AP. Actin crosslinker competition and sorting drive emergent GUV size-dependent actin network architecture. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1136. [PMID: 34584211 PMCID: PMC8478941 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteins that make up the actin cytoskeleton can self-assemble into a variety of structures. In vitro experiments and coarse-grained simulations have shown that the actin crosslinking proteins α-actinin and fascin segregate into distinct domains in single actin bundles with a molecular size-dependent competition-based mechanism. Here, by encapsulating actin, α-actinin, and fascin in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), we show that physical confinement can cause these proteins to form much more complex structures, including rings and asters at GUV peripheries and centers; the prevalence of different structures depends on GUV size. Strikingly, we found that α-actinin and fascin self-sort into separate domains in the aster structures with actin bundles whose apparent stiffness depends on the ratio of the relative concentrations of α-actinin and fascin. The observed boundary-imposed effect on protein sorting may be a general mechanism for creating emergent structures in biopolymer networks with multiple crosslinkers. By encapsulating proteins in giant unilamellar vesicles, Bashirzadeh et al find that actin crosslinkers, α-actinin and fascin, can self-assemble with actin into complex structures that depend on the degree of confinement. Further analysis and modeling show that α-actinin and fascin sort to separate domains of these structures. These insights may be generalizable to other biopolymer networks containing crosslinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashar Bashirzadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Steven A Redford
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,The graduate program in Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | | | - Alessandro Groaz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Thomas Litschel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.,John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Petra Schwille
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Glen M Hocky
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Aaron R Dinner
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Allen P Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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40
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Kadzik RS, Homa KE, Kovar DR. F-Actin Cytoskeleton Network Self-Organization Through Competition and Cooperation. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2021; 36:35-60. [PMID: 33021819 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-032320-094706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Many fundamental cellular processes such as division, polarization, endocytosis, and motility require the assembly, maintenance, and disassembly of filamentous actin (F-actin) networks at specific locations and times within the cell. The particular function of each network is governed by F-actin organization, size, and density as well as by its dynamics. The distinct characteristics of different F-actin networks are determined through the coordinated actions of specific sets of actin-binding proteins (ABPs). Furthermore, a cell typically assembles and uses multiple F-actin networks simultaneously within a common cytoplasm, so these networks must self-organize from a common pool of shared globular actin (G-actin) monomers and overlapping sets of ABPs. Recent advances in multicolor imaging and analysis of ABPs and their associated F-actin networks in cells, as well as the development of sophisticated in vitro reconstitutions of networks with ensembles of ABPs, have allowed the field to start uncovering the underlying principles by which cells self-organize diverse F-actin networks to execute basic cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Kadzik
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA; , .,Department of Molecular BioSciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA;
| | - Kaitlin E Homa
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA; ,
| | - David R Kovar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA; , .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Ujihara Y, Ono D, Nishitsuji K, Ito M, Sugita S, Nakamura M. B16 Melanoma Cancer Cells with Higher Metastatic Potential are More Deformable at a Whole-Cell Level. Cell Mol Bioeng 2021; 14:309-320. [PMID: 34295442 PMCID: PMC8280262 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-021-00677-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metastasis is a process in which cancer cells spread from the primary focus site to various other organ sites. Many studies have suggested that reduced stiffness would facilitate passing through extracellular matrix when cancer cells instigate a metastatic process. Here we investigated the compressive properties of melanoma cancer cells with different metastatic potentials at the whole-cell level. Differences in their compressive properties were analyzed by examining actin filament structure and actin-related gene expression. METHODS Compressive tests were carried out for two metastatic B16 melanoma variants (B16-F1 and B16-F10) to characterize global compressive properties of cancer cells. RNA-seq analysis and fluorescence microscopic imaging were performed to clarify contribution of actin filaments to the global compressive properties. RESULTS RNA-seq analysis and fluorescence microscopic imaging revealed the undeveloped structure of actin filaments in B16-F10 cells. The Young's modulus of B16-F10 cells was significantly lower than that of B16-F1 cells. Disruption of the actin filaments in B16-F1 cells reduced the Young's modulus to the same level as that of B16-F10 cells, while the Young's modulus in B16-F10 cells remained the same regardless of the disruption. CONCLUSIONS In B16 melanoma cancer cell lines, cells with higher metastatic potential were more deformable at the whole-cell level with undeveloped actin filament structure, even when highly deformed. These results imply that invasive cancer cells may gain the ability to inhibit actin filament development. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1007/s12195-021-00677-w).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ujihara
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555 Japan
| | - Daichi Ono
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555 Japan
| | - Koki Nishitsuji
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1, Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Megumi Ito
- Creative Engineering Program, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555 Japan
| | - Shukei Sugita
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555 Japan
- Center of Biomedical Physics and Information Technology, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555 Japan
| | - Masanori Nakamura
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555 Japan
- Center of Biomedical Physics and Information Technology, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555 Japan
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555 Japan
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42
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Castillo-Badillo JA, Gautam N. An optogenetic model reveals cell shape regulation through FAK and fascin. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:269115. [PMID: 34114634 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell shape regulation is important, but the mechanisms that govern shape are not fully understood, in part due to limited experimental models in which cell shape changes and underlying molecular processes can be rapidly and non-invasively monitored in real time. Here, we used an optogenetic tool to activate RhoA in the middle of mononucleated macrophages to induce contraction, resulting in a side with the nucleus that retained its shape and a non-nucleated side that was unable to maintain its shape and collapsed. In cells overexpressing focal adhesion kinase (FAK; also known as PTK2), the non-nucleated side exhibited a wide flat morphology and was similar in adhesion area to the nucleated side. In cells overexpressing fascin, an actin-bundling protein, the non-nucleated side assumed a spherical shape and was similar in height to the nucleated side. This effect of fascin was also observed in fibroblasts even without inducing furrow formation. Based on these results, we conclude that FAK and fascin work together to maintain cell shape by regulating adhesion area and height, respectively, in different cell types. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Castillo-Badillo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - N Gautam
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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43
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Chen M, Li S, Li W, Zhang ZP, Zhang X, Zhang XE, Ge F, Cui Z. Nanoscale Imaging of RNA-Protein Interactions with a Photoactivatable Trimolecular Fluorescence Complementation System. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1003-1010. [PMID: 34009928 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Imaging RNA-protein interaction in the cellular space with single molecule sensitivity is attractive for studying gene expression and regulation, but remains a challenge. In this study, we reported a photoactivatable trimolecular fluorescence complementation (TriFC) system based on fluorescent protein, mIrisFP, to identify and visualize RNA-protein interactions in living mammalian cells. We also combined this TriFC system with photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM), named the TriFC-PALM technique, which allowed us to image the RNA-protein interactions with single molecule sensitivity. Using this TriFC-PALM technique, we identified the actin-bundling protein, FSCN1, specifically interacting with the HOX Transcript Antisense RNA (HOTAIR). The TriFC-PALM imaging acquired a higher resolution compared with the traditional method of total internal reflection (TIRF) imaging. The TriFC-PALM thus provides a useful tool for imaging and identifying the RNA-protein interactions inside cells at the nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Siting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xian-En Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Feng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zongqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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Actin-Binding Proteins as Potential Biomarkers for Chronic Inflammation-Induced Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2021:6692811. [PMID: 34194957 PMCID: PMC8203385 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6692811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Actin-binding proteins (ABPs), by interacting with actin, regulate the polymerization, depolymerization, bundling, and cross-linking of actin filaments, directly or indirectly, thereby mediating the maintenance of cell morphology, cell movement, and many other biological functions. Consequently, these functions of ABPs help regulate cancer cell invasion and metastasis when cancer occurs. In recent years, a variety of ABPs have been found to be abnormally expressed in various cancers, indicating that the detection and interventions of unusual ABP expression to alter this are available for the treatment of cancer. The early stages of most cancer development involve long-term chronic inflammation or repeated stimulation. This is the case for breast cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, melanoma, and colorectal cancer. This article discusses the relationship between chronic inflammation and the above-mentioned cancers, emphatically introduces relevant research on the abnormal expression of ABPs in chronic inflammatory diseases, and reviews research on the expression of different ABPs in the above-mentioned cancers. Furthermore, there is a close relationship between ABP-induced inflammation and cancer. In simple terms, abnormal expression of ABPs contributes to the chronic inflammation developing into cancer. Finally, we provide our viewpoint regarding these unusual ABPs serving as potential biomarkers for chronic inflammation-induced cancer diagnosis and therapy, and interventions to reverse the abnormal expression of ABPs represent a potential approach to preventing or treating the corresponding cancers.
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45
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Cavanna F, Alvarado J. Quantification of the mesh structure of bundled actin filaments. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:5034-5043. [PMID: 33912871 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00428j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymer networks are essential for a wide variety of cellular functions. The biopolymer actin is known to self-assemble into a variety of spatial structures in response to physiological and physical mechanisms. So far, the mechanics of networks of single actin filaments and bundles has previously been described. However, the spatial structure of actin bundles remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate this question by bundling actin filaments with systematically varied concentrations of known physical bundling agents (MgCl2 and PEG) and physiological bundling agents (α-actinin and fascin). We image bundled actin networks with confocal microscopy and perform analysis to describe their mesh size and the nearest-distance distribution, which we call "mesh structure". We find that the mesh size ξ scales universally with actin concentration as ξ ∼ [actin]-1/2. However, the dependence of ξ on the concentration of the bundling agent depends on the agent used. Finally, we find that nearest-distance distributions are best fit by Weibull and Gamma distributions. A complete understanding of the mesh structure of biopolymer networks leads to a more mechanistic understanding of the structure of the cytoskeleton, and can be exploited to design filters with variable porosity for microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Cavanna
- UT Austin Department of Physics, 2515 Speedway, Austin, Texas, USA.
| | - José Alvarado
- UT Austin Department of Physics, 2515 Speedway, Austin, Texas, USA.
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46
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Castaneda N, Park J, Kang EH. Regulation of Actin Bundle Mechanics and Structure by Intracellular Environmental Factors. FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS 2021; 9:675885. [PMID: 34422787 PMCID: PMC8376200 DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2021.675885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical and structural properties of actin cytoskeleton drive various cellular processes, including structural support of the plasma membrane and cellular motility. Actin monomers assemble into double-stranded helical filaments as well as higher-ordered structures such as bundles and networks. Cells incorporate macromolecular crowding, cation interactions, and actin-crosslinking proteins to regulate the organization of actin bundles. Although the roles of each of these factors in actin bundling have been well-known individually, how combined factors contribute to actin bundle assembly, organization, and mechanics is not fully understood. Here, we describe recent studies that have investigated the mechanisms of how intracellular environmental factors influence actin bundling. This review highlights the effects of macromolecular crowding, cation interactions, and actin-crosslinking proteins on actin bundle organization, structure, and mechanics. Understanding these mechanisms is important in determining in vivo actin biophysics and providing insights into cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Castaneda
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Jinho Park
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Ellen Hyeran Kang
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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Litschel T, Kelley CF, Holz D, Adeli Koudehi M, Vogel SK, Burbaum L, Mizuno N, Vavylonis D, Schwille P. Reconstitution of contractile actomyosin rings in vesicles. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2254. [PMID: 33859190 PMCID: PMC8050101 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the grand challenges of bottom-up synthetic biology is the development of minimal machineries for cell division. The mechanical transformation of large-scale compartments, such as Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs), requires the geometry-specific coordination of active elements, several orders of magnitude larger than the molecular scale. Of all cytoskeletal structures, large-scale actomyosin rings appear to be the most promising cellular elements to accomplish this task. Here, we have adopted advanced encapsulation methods to study bundled actin filaments in GUVs and compare our results with theoretical modeling. By changing few key parameters, actin polymerization can be differentiated to resemble various types of networks in living cells. Importantly, we find membrane binding to be crucial for the robust condensation into a single actin ring in spherical vesicles, as predicted by theoretical considerations. Upon force generation by ATP-driven myosin motors, these ring-like actin structures contract and locally constrict the vesicle, forming furrow-like deformations. On the other hand, cortex-like actin networks are shown to induce and stabilize deformations from spherical shapes. Cytoskeletal networks support and direct cell shape and guide intercellular transport, but relatively little is understood about the self-organization of cytoskeletal components on the scale of an entire cell. Here, authors use an in vitro system and observe the assembly of different types of actin networks and the condensation of membrane-bound actin into single rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Litschel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Charlotte F Kelley
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Danielle Holz
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | | | - Sven K Vogel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Laura Burbaum
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Naoko Mizuno
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Petra Schwille
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
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48
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The multiple roles of actin-binding proteins at invadopodia. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33962752 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Invadopodia are actin-rich membrane protrusions that facilitate cancer cell dissemination by focusing on proteolytic activity and clearing paths for migration through physical barriers, such as basement membranes, dense extracellular matrices, and endothelial cell junctions. Invadopodium formation and activity require spatially and temporally regulated changes in actin filament organization and dynamics. About three decades of research have led to a remarkable understanding of how these changes are orchestrated by sequential recruitment and coordinated activity of different sets of actin-binding proteins. In this chapter, we provide an update on the roles of the actin cytoskeleton during the main stages of invadopodium development with a particular focus on actin polymerization machineries and production of pushing forces driving extracellular matrix remodeling.
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49
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New Insights into Cellular Functions of Nuclear Actin. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040304. [PMID: 33916969 PMCID: PMC8067577 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary It is well known that actin forms a cytoplasmic network of microfilaments, the part of the cytoskeleton, in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. The presence of nuclear actin was elusive for a very long time. Now, there is a very strong evidence that actin plays many important roles in the nucleus. Here, we discuss the recently discovered functions of the nuclear actin pool. Actin does not have nuclear localization signal (NLS), so its import to the nucleus is facilitated by the NLS-containing proteins. Nuclear actin plays a role in the maintenance of the nuclear structure and the nuclear envelope breakdown. It is also involved in chromatin remodeling, and chromatin and nucleosome movement necessary for DNA recombination, repair, and the initiation of transcription. It also binds RNA polymerases, promoting transcription. Because of the multifaceted role of nuclear actin, the future challenge will be to further define its functions in various cellular processes and diseases. Abstract Actin is one of the most abundant proteins in eukaryotic cells. There are different pools of nuclear actin often undetectable by conventional staining and commercial antibodies used to identify cytoplasmic actin. With the development of more sophisticated imaging and analytical techniques, it became clear that nuclear actin plays a crucial role in shaping the chromatin, genomic, and epigenetic landscape, transcriptional regulation, and DNA repair. This multifaceted role of nuclear actin is not only important for the function of the individual cell but also for the establishment of cell fate, and tissue and organ differentiation during development. Moreover, the changes in the nuclear, chromatin, and genomic architecture are preamble to various diseases. Here, we discuss some of the newly described functions of nuclear actin.
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Liu H, Zhang Y, Li L, Cao J, Guo Y, Wu Y, Gao W. Fascin actin-bundling protein 1 in human cancer: promising biomarker or therapeutic target? Mol Ther Oncolytics 2021; 20:240-264. [PMID: 33614909 PMCID: PMC7873579 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fascin actin-bundling protein 1 (FSCN1) is a highly conserved actin-bundling protein that cross links F-actin microfilaments into tight, parallel bundles. Elevated FSCN1 levels have been reported in many types of human cancers and have been correlated with aggressive clinical progression, poor prognosis, and survival outcomes. The overexpression of FSCN1 in cancer cells has been associated with tumor growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Currently, FSCN1 is recognized as a candidate biomarker for multiple cancer types and as a potential therapeutic target. The aim of this study was to provide a brief overview of the FSCN1 gene and protein structure and elucidate on its actin-bundling activity and physiological functions. The main focus was on the role of FSCN1 and its upregulatory mechanisms and significance in cancer cells. Up-to-date studies on FSCN1 as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for human cancers are reviewed. It is shown that FSCN1 is an unusual biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Jimin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yujia Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yongyan Wu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Wei Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
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