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Xie X, Sinha S. Quantitative estimates of the regulatory influence of long non-coding RNAs on global gene expression variation using TCGA breast cancer transcriptomic data. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012103. [PMID: 38838009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have received attention in recent years for their regulatory roles in diverse biological contexts including cancer, yet large gaps remain in our understanding of their mechanisms and global maps of their targets. In this work, we investigated a basic unanswered question of lncRNA systems biology: to what extent can gene expression variation across individuals be attributed to lncRNA-driven regulation? To answer this, we analyzed RNA-seq data from a cohort of breast cancer patients, explaining each gene's expression variation using a small set of automatically selected lncRNA regulators. A key aspect of this analysis is that it accounts for confounding effects of transcription factors (TFs) as common regulators of a lncRNA-mRNA pair, to enrich the explained gene expression for lncRNA-mediated regulation. We found that for 16% of analyzed genes, lncRNAs can explain more than 20% of expression variation. We observed 25-50% of the putative regulator lncRNAs to be in 'cis' to, i.e., overlapping or located proximally to the target gene. This led us to quantify the global regulatory impact of such cis-located lncRNAs, which was found to be substantially greater than that of trans-located lncRNAs. Additionally, by including statistical interaction terms involving lncRNA-protein pairs as predictors in our regression models, we identified cases where a lncRNA's regulatory effect depends on the presence of a TF or RNA-binding protein. Finally, we created a high-confidence lncRNA-gene regulatory network whose edges are supported by co-expression as well as a plausible mechanism such as cis-action, protein scaffolding or competing endogenous RNAs. Our work is a first attempt to quantify the extent of gene expression control exerted globally by lncRNAs, especially those located proximally to their regulatory targets, in a specific biological (breast cancer) context. It also marks a first step towards systematic reconstruction of lncRNA regulatory networks, going beyond the current paradigm of co-expression networks, going beyond the current paradigm of co-expression networks, and motivates future analyses assessing the generalizability of our findings to additional biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Xie
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Saurabh Sinha
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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2
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Xiao Y, Vazquez-Padron RI, Martinez L, Singer HA, Woltmann D, Salman LH. Role of platelet factor 4 in arteriovenous fistula maturation failure: What do we know so far? J Vasc Access 2024; 25:390-406. [PMID: 35751379 PMCID: PMC9974241 DOI: 10.1177/11297298221085458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation failure remains unacceptably high despite continuous efforts on technique improvement and careful pre-surgery planning. In fact, half of all newly created AVFs are unable to be used for hemodialysis (HD) without a salvage procedure. While vascular stenosis in the venous limb of the access is the culprit, the underlying factors leading to vascular narrowing and AVF maturation failure are yet to be determined. We have recently demonstrated that AVF non-maturation is associated with post-operative medial fibrosis and fibrotic stenosis, and post-operative intimal hyperplasia (IH) exacerbates the situation. Multiple pathological processes and signaling pathways are underlying the stenotic remodeling of the AVF. Our group has recently indicated that a pro-inflammatory cytokine platelet factor 4 (PF4/CXCL4) is upregulated in veins that fail to mature after AVF creation. Platelet factor 4 is a fibrosis marker and can be detected in vascular stenosis tissue, suggesting that it may contribute to AVF maturation failure through stimulation of fibrosis and development of fibrotic stenosis. Here, we present an overview of the how PF4-mediated fibrosis determines AVF maturation failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Xiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Roberto I Vazquez-Padron
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Laisel Martinez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Harold A Singer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Woltmann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Loay H Salman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
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3
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Yamamoto K, Scavenius C, Meschis MM, Gremida AME, Mogensen EH, Thøgersen IB, Bonelli S, Scilabra SD, Jensen A, Santamaria S, Ahnström J, Bou-Gharios G, Enghild JJ, Nagase H. A top-down approach to uncover the hidden ligandome of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 in cartilage. Matrix Biol 2022; 112:190-218. [PMID: 36028175 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a cell-surface receptor ubiquitously expressed in various tissues. It plays tissue-specific roles by mediating endocytosis of a diverse range of extracellular molecules. Dysregulation of LRP1 is involved in multiple conditions including osteoarthritis (OA) but little information is available about the specific profile of direct binding partners of LRP1 (ligandome) for each tissue, which would lead to a better understanding of its role in disease states. Here, we investigated adult articular cartilage where impaired LRP1-mediated endocytosis leads to tissue destruction. We used a top-down approach involving proteomic analysis of the LRP1 interactome in human chondrocytes, direct binding assays using purified LRP1 and ligand candidates, and validation in LRP1-deficient fibroblasts and human chondrocytes, as well as a novel Lrp1 conditional knockout (KO) mouse model. We found that inhibition of LRP1 and ligand interaction results in cell death, alteration of the entire secretome and transcriptional modulations in human chondrocytes. We identified a chondrocyte-specific LRP1 ligandome consisting of more than 50 novel ligand candidates. Surprisingly, 23 previously reported LRP1 ligands were not regulated by LRP1-mediated endocytosis in human chondrocytes. We confirmed direct LRP1 binding of HGFAC, HMGB1, HMGB2, CEMIP, SLIT2, ADAMTS1, TSG6, IGFBP7, SPARC and LIF, correlation between their affinity for LRP1 and the rate of endocytosis, and some of their intracellular localization. Moreover, a conditional LRP1 KO mouse model demonstrated a critical role of LRP1 in regulating the high-affinity ligands in cartilage in vivo. This systematic approach revealed the specificity and the extent of the chondrocyte LRP1 ligandome and identified potential novel therapeutic targets for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom.
| | - Carsten Scavenius
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maria M Meschis
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom
| | - Abdulrahman M E Gremida
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie H Mogensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ida B Thøgersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simone Bonelli
- Fondazione RiMED - ISMETT via Ernesto Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone D Scilabra
- Fondazione RiMED - ISMETT via Ernesto Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anders Jensen
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom
| | - Salvatore Santamaria
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, London, United Kingdom
| | - Josefin Ahnström
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Bou-Gharios
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hideaki Nagase
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
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4
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Lehman NL, Spassky N, Sak M, Webb A, Zumbar CT, Usubalieva A, Alkhateeb KJ, McElroy JP, Maclean KH, Fadda P, Liu T, Gangalapudi V, Carver J, Abdullaev Z, Timmers C, Parker JR, Pierson CR, Mobley BC, Gokden M, Hattab EM, Parrett T, Cooke RX, Lehman TD, Costinean S, Parwani A, Williams BJ, Jensen RL, Aldape K, Mistry AM. Astroblastomas exhibit radial glia stem cell lineages and differential expression of imprinted and X-inactivation escape genes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2083. [PMID: 35440587 PMCID: PMC9018799 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Astroblastomas (ABs) are rare brain tumors of unknown origin. We performed an integrative genetic and epigenetic analysis of AB-like tumors. Here, we show that tumors traceable to neural stem/progenitor cells (radial glia) that emerge during early to later brain development occur in children and young adults, respectively. Tumors with MN1-BEND2 fusion appear to present exclusively in females and exhibit overexpression of genes expressed prior to 25 post-conception weeks (pcw), including genes enriched in early ventricular zone radial glia and ependymal tumors. Other, histologically classic ABs overexpress or harbor mutations of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway genes, outer and truncated radial glia genes, and genes expressed after 25 pcw, including neuronal and astrocyte markers. Findings support that AB-like tumors arise in the context of epigenetic and genetic changes in neural progenitors. Selective gene fusion, variable imprinting and/or chromosome X-inactivation escape resulting in biallelic overexpression may contribute to female predominance of AB molecular subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman L Lehman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- The Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Nathalie Spassky
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Inserm, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Müge Sak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Amy Webb
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Cory T Zumbar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Aisulu Usubalieva
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Khaled J Alkhateeb
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Joseph P McElroy
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | | | - Paolo Fadda
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Tom Liu
- Solid Tumor Translational Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Vineela Gangalapudi
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jamie Carver
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Zied Abdullaev
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Cynthia Timmers
- Solid Tumor Translational Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - John R Parker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Christopher R Pierson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Bret C Mobley
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Murat Gokden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Services, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Eyas M Hattab
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Timothy Parrett
- Department of Pathology and Anatomic Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Ralph X Cooke
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Trang D Lehman
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Contra Costa County Health System, Martinez, CA, 94553, USA
| | - Stefan Costinean
- Department of Pathology, Banner Gateway Medical Center, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Tempe, AZ, 85284, USA
| | - Anil Parwani
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Brian J Williams
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Randy L Jensen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Akshitkumar M Mistry
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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5
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Moxibustion attenuates inflammation and alleviates axial spondyloarthritis in mice: Possible role of APOE in the inhibition of the Wnt pathway. J Tradit Complement Med 2022; 12:518-528. [PMID: 36081820 PMCID: PMC9446098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Moxibustion is widely used in China and other East Asian countries to manage the symptom of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). This study investigated the effects of moxibustion intervention on protein expression through proteomics analysis in AS mice. Experimental procedure Proteoglycan-induced spondylitis (PGISp) was established in Balb/c mice. PGISp mice were intervened with daily moxibustion at ST36, BL23, and DU4 for four weeks. Various biochemical (including pro-inflammatory cytokines and bone metabolism indexes) and histopathological parameters were determined. The effects of moxibustion on protein changes in AS mice were analyzed using data-independent acquisition-mass spectrometry (DIA-MS). The target proteins were then confirmed by Western blot analysis. Results Moxibustion significantly decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression including IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-6, reduced the mRNA expression of RANKL, RANK, ALP, and OCN, and improved the histopathological examination in AS mice. DIA-MS proteomic technique has identified 25 candidate proteins involved in the mechanisms of moxibustion for AS mice, most of which are mainly associated with the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin. Integrated pathway analysis revealed that glycine, serine and threonine metabolism together with lipid metabolism were the most important canonical pathways involved in the anti-AS effect of moxibustion. In line with the multi-omic data, the levels of BPGM, APOC2, APOE, and GPD1 modified in the AS mice, intervened with moxibustion as confirmed by Western blot. In particular, APOE may play a key role in linking the lipid metabolism and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway of new bone formation. Conclusion In conclusion, moxibustion may reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and improve bone erosion for AS mice. The regulation of APOE by moxibustion may have a potential inhibitory effect on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in AS mice. However, due to the lack of silencing or overexpression of key molecules of the signal pathway, whether the beneficial and positive effect of moxibustion involved in the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by APOE or other aspects, needed to be explored in further study. Moxibustion reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine. Moxibustion alleviated bone erosion and prohibited the new bone formation. Moxibustion inhibited Wnt signaling pathway by APOE.
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6
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Giroux Leprieur E, Hélias-Rodzewicz Z, Takam Kamga P, Costantini A, Julie C, Corjon A, Dumenil C, Dumoulin J, Giraud V, Labrune S, Garinet S, Chinet T, Emile JF. Sequential ctDNA whole-exome sequencing in advanced lung adenocarcinoma with initial durable tumor response on immune checkpoint inhibitor and late progression. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-000527. [PMID: 32581058 PMCID: PMC7319709 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite prolonged tumor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for a subset of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a secondary resistance will occur for a majority of these patients. The understanding of late progression mechanisms with ICIs is important to improve future treatment strategies. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) on circulating tumor DNA and compared molecular profiles between the beginning of ICI treatment and tumor progression in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with ICIs and who had initial and prolonged tumor response with secondary progression, after at least 6 months of treatment. RESULTS We identified eight patients who experienced initial and durable tumor response, and secondary tumor progression after 6 months of treatment, with available paired blood samples (diagnosis and progression). All had lung adenocarcinoma, three had programmed-death ligand-1 expression ≥50% in immunohistochemistry and all presented low blood tumor mutational burden (bTMB). Seven patients received nivolumab in second-line or more, and one received pembrolizumab as first-line treatment. WES at progression showed clonal selection with molecular alterations of Wnt pathway-related genes, increase of copy number aberrations in cancer-related genes and loss of tumor-suppressor genes (such as PTEN) or of genes associated with immune response (such as B2M). No difference in term of bTMB was observed at progression. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study describing putative molecular mechanisms associated with late progression under ICI in lung cancer. Studies on treatment strategies adapted to these mechanisms are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Giroux Leprieur
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, EA 4340 BECCOH, Boulogne-Billancourt, France .,Department of Respiratory DIseases and Thoracic Oncology, APHP - Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Zofia Hélias-Rodzewicz
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, EA 4340 BECCOH, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Department of Pathology, APHP - Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Paul Takam Kamga
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, EA 4340 BECCOH, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Adrien Costantini
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, EA 4340 BECCOH, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Department of Respiratory DIseases and Thoracic Oncology, APHP - Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Catherine Julie
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, EA 4340 BECCOH, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Department of Pathology, APHP - Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Alexandre Corjon
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, EA 4340 BECCOH, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Department of Pathology, APHP - Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Coraline Dumenil
- Department of Respiratory DIseases and Thoracic Oncology, APHP - Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Jennifer Dumoulin
- Department of Respiratory DIseases and Thoracic Oncology, APHP - Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Violaine Giraud
- Department of Respiratory DIseases and Thoracic Oncology, APHP - Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Sylvie Labrune
- Department of Respiratory DIseases and Thoracic Oncology, APHP - Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Simon Garinet
- Department of Molecular Biology, APHP - Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Chinet
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, EA 4340 BECCOH, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Department of Respiratory DIseases and Thoracic Oncology, APHP - Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Jean-François Emile
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, EA 4340 BECCOH, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Department of Pathology, APHP - Hopital Ambroise Pare, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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7
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Bianchi L, Sframeli M, Vantaggiato L, Vita GL, Ciranni A, Polito F, Oteri R, Gitto E, Di Giuseppe F, Angelucci S, Versaci A, Messina S, Vita G, Bini L, Aguennouz M. Nusinersen Modulates Proteomics Profiles of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1 Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094329. [PMID: 33919289 PMCID: PMC8122268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 1 is a severe infantile autosomal-recessive neuromuscular disorder caused by a survival motor neuron 1 gene (SMN1) mutation and characterized by progressive muscle weakness. Without supportive care, SMA type 1 is rapidly fatal. The antisense oligonucleotide nusinersen has recently improved the natural course of this disease. Here, we investigated, with a functional proteomic approach, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein profiles from SMA type 1 patients who underwent nusinersen administration to clarify the biochemical response to the treatment and to monitor disease progression based on therapy. Six months after starting treatment (12 mg/5 mL × four doses of loading regimen administered at days 0, 14, 28, and 63), we observed a generalized reversion trend of the CSF protein pattern from our patient cohort to that of control donors. Notably, a marked up-regulation of apolipoprotein A1 and apolipoprotein E and a consistent variation in transthyretin proteoform occurrence were detected. Since these multifunctional proteins are critically active in biomolecular processes aberrant in SMA, i.e., synaptogenesis and neurite growth, neuronal survival and plasticity, inflammation, and oxidative stress control, their nusinersen induced modulation may support SMN improved-expression effects. Hence, these lipoproteins and transthyretin could represent valuable biomarkers to assess patient responsiveness and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bianchi
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.B.); (L.V.); (L.B.)
| | - Maria Sframeli
- Nemo Sud Clinical Centre, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.S.); (G.L.V.)
| | - Lorenza Vantaggiato
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.B.); (L.V.); (L.B.)
| | - Gian Luca Vita
- Nemo Sud Clinical Centre, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.S.); (G.L.V.)
| | - Annamaria Ciranni
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (F.P.); (R.O.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Francesca Polito
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (F.P.); (R.O.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Rosaria Oteri
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (F.P.); (R.O.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Eloisa Gitto
- Neonatal and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Di Giuseppe
- Dentistry and Biotechnology, and Proteomics Unit, Centre of Advanced Studies and Technoloy, Department Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio”, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Stefania Angelucci
- Dentistry and Biotechnology, and Proteomics Unit, Centre of Advanced Studies and Technoloy, Department Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio”, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Antonio Versaci
- Intensive Care Unit, AOU Policlinico “G. Martino”, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sonia Messina
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (F.P.); (R.O.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Vita
- Nemo Sud Clinical Centre, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.S.); (G.L.V.)
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (F.P.); (R.O.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Luca Bini
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.B.); (L.V.); (L.B.)
| | - M’hammed Aguennouz
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.C.); (F.P.); (R.O.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
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8
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Nikolakopoulou AM, Wang Y, Ma Q, Sagare AP, Montagne A, Huuskonen MT, Rege SV, Kisler K, Dai Z, Körbelin J, Herz J, Zhao Z, Zlokovic BV. Endothelial LRP1 protects against neurodegeneration by blocking cyclophilin A. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211750. [PMID: 33533918 PMCID: PMC7863706 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 (LRP1) is an endocytic and cell signaling transmembrane protein. Endothelial LRP1 clears proteinaceous toxins at the blood–brain barrier (BBB), regulates angiogenesis, and is increasingly reduced in Alzheimer’s disease associated with BBB breakdown and neurodegeneration. Whether loss of endothelial LRP1 plays a direct causative role in BBB breakdown and neurodegenerative changes remains elusive. Here, we show that LRP1 inactivation from the mouse endothelium results in progressive BBB breakdown, followed by neuron loss and cognitive deficits, which is reversible by endothelial-specific LRP1 gene therapy. LRP1 endothelial knockout led to a self-autonomous activation of the cyclophilin A–matrix metalloproteinase-9 pathway in the endothelium, causing loss of tight junctions underlying structural BBB impairment. Cyclophilin A inhibition in mice with endothelial-specific LRP1 knockout restored BBB integrity and reversed and prevented neuronal loss and behavioral deficits. Thus, endothelial LRP1 protects against neurodegeneration by inhibiting cyclophilin A, which has implications for the pathophysiology and treatment of neurodegeneration linked to vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Maria Nikolakopoulou
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yaoming Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Qingyi Ma
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Abhay P Sagare
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Axel Montagne
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mikko T Huuskonen
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sanket V Rege
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kassandra Kisler
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Zhonghua Dai
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- Hubertus Wald Cancer Center, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Herz
- Departments of Neuroscience, Molecular Genetics, and Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Berislav V Zlokovic
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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9
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Abstract
The WNT/β-catenin signalling pathway is a rich and complex network of cellular proteins that orchestrates diverse short-range cell-to-cell communication in metazoans and is essential for both embryonic development and adult homeostasis. Due to its fundamental importance in controlling cell behaviour at multiple levels, its deregulation is associated with a wide range of diseases in humans and identification of drugs targeting the pathway has attracted strong interest in the pharmaceutical sector. Transduction of WNT signals across the plasma membrane of cells involves a staggering degree of complexity and variety with respect to ligand-receptor, receptor-receptor and receptor-co-receptor interactions (Niehrs, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 13:767-779, 2012). Although the low-density-lipoprotein-receptor-related-protein (LRP) family is best known for its role in binding and endocytosis of lipoproteins, specific members appear to have additional roles in cellular communication. Indeed, for WNT/β-catenin signalling one apparently universal requirement is the presence of either LRP5 or LRP6 in combination with one of the ten Frizzled (FZD) WNT receptors (FZD1-10). In the 20 years since their discovery as WNT/FZD co-receptors, research on the LRP family has contributed greatly to our understanding of WNT signalling and LRPs have emerged as central players in WNT/β-catenin signalling. LRP5/6 are highly similar and represent the least redundant class of WNT receptor that transduce WNT/β-catenin signalling from a wide range of different WNT and FZD subtypes. This apparent simplicity however belies the complex arrangement of binding sites in the extracellular domain (ECD) of LRP5/6, which regulate interaction not only with WNTs but also with several inhibitors of WNT signalling. This chapter provides a historical overview, chronologically charting this remarkable progress in the field during the last 20 years of research on LRPs and their role in WNT/-catenin signalling. A more focused overview of the structural, functional and mechanistic aspects of LRP biology is also provided, together with the implications this has for pharmacological targeting of this notoriously intractable pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Davidson
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBSC-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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10
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Kosuge H, Nakakido M, Nagatoishi S, Fukuda T, Bando Y, Ohnuma SI, Tsumoto K. Proteomic identification and validation of novel interactions of the putative tumor suppressor PRELP with membrane proteins including IGFI-R and p75NTR. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100278. [PMID: 33428936 PMCID: PMC7948961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Proline and arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein (PRELP) is a member of the small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans (SLRPs) family. Levels of PRELP mRNA are downregulated in many types of cancer, and PRELP has been reported to have suppressive effects on tumor cell growth, although the molecular mechanism has yet to be fully elucidated. Given that other SLRPs regulate signaling pathways through interactions with various membrane proteins, we reasoned that PRELP likely interacts with membrane proteins to maintain cellular homeostasis. To identify membrane proteins that interact with PRELP, we carried out coimmunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry (CoIP-MS). We prepared membrane fractions from Expi293 cells transfected to overexpress FLAG-tagged PRELP or control cells and analyzed samples precipitated with anti-FLAG antibody by mass spectrometry. Comparison of membrane proteins in each sample identified several that seem to interact with PRELP; among them, we noted two growth factor receptors, insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGFI-R) and low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (p75NTR), interactions with which might help to explain PRELP's links to cancer. We demonstrated that PRELP directly binds to extracellular domains of these two growth factor receptors with low micromolar affinities by surface plasmon resonance analysis using recombinant proteins. Furthermore, cell-based analysis using recombinant PRELP protein showed that PRELP suppressed cell growth and affected cell morphology of A549 lung carcinoma cells, also at micromolar concentration. These results suggest that PRELP regulates cellular functions through interactions with IGFI-R and p75NTR and provide a broader set of candidate partners for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Kosuge
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakakido
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Shin-Ichi Ohnuma
- The Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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11
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Liu JJ, Chiu YT, Chen C, Huang P, Mann M, Liu-Chen LY. Pharmacological and phosphoproteomic approaches to roles of protein kinase C in kappa opioid receptor-mediated effects in mice. Neuropharmacology 2020; 181:108324. [PMID: 32976891 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonists possess adverse dysphoric and psychotomimetic effects, thus limiting their applications as non-addictive anti-pruritic and analgesic agents. Here, we showed that protein kinase C (PKC) inhibition preserved the beneficial antinociceptive and antipruritic effects of KOR agonists, but attenuated the adverse condition placed aversion (CPA), sedation, and motor incoordination in mice. Using a large-scale mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics of KOR-mediated signaling in the mouse brain, we observed PKC-dependent modulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinases and Wnt pathways at 5 min; stress signaling, cytoskeleton, mTOR signaling and receptor phosphorylation, including cannabinoid receptor CB1 at 30 min. We further demonstrated that inhibition of CB1 attenuated KOR-mediated CPA. Our results demonstrated the feasibility of in vivo biochemical dissection of signaling pathways that lead to side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Liu
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Yi-Ting Chiu
- Center for Substance Abuse Research & Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Chongguang Chen
- Center for Substance Abuse Research & Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Peng Huang
- Center for Substance Abuse Research & Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lee-Yuan Liu-Chen
- Center for Substance Abuse Research & Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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12
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Aghaizu ND, Jin H, Whiting PJ. Dysregulated Wnt Signalling in the Alzheimer's Brain. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E902. [PMID: 33255414 PMCID: PMC7761504 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signalling system is essential for both the developing and adult central nervous system. It regulates numerous cellular functions ranging from neurogenesis to blood brain barrier biology. Dysregulated Wnt signalling can thus have significant consequences for normal brain function, which is becoming increasingly clear in Alzheimer's disease (AD), an age-related neurodegenerative disorder that is the most prevalent form of dementia. AD exhibits a range of pathophysiological manifestations including aberrant amyloid precursor protein processing, tau pathology, synapse loss, neuroinflammation and blood brain barrier breakdown, which have been associated to a greater or lesser degree with abnormal Wnt signalling. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the role of Wnt signalling in the CNS, and the research that implicates dysregulated Wnt signalling in the ageing brain and in AD pathogenesis. We also discuss the opportunities for therapeutic intervention in AD via modulation of the Wnt signalling pathway, and highlight some of the challenges and the gaps in our current understanding that need to be met to enable that goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozie D. Aghaizu
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Hanqing Jin
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Paul J. Whiting
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
- ARUK Drug Discovery Institute (DDI), University College London, Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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13
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Sumazaki M, Shimada H, Ito M, Shiratori F, Kobayashi E, Yoshida Y, Adachi A, Matsutani T, Iwadate Y, Mine S, Machida T, Kamitsukasa I, Mori M, Sugimoto K, Uzawa A, Kuwabara S, Kobayashi Y, Ohno M, Nishi E, Maezawa Y, Takemoto M, Yokote K, Takizawa H, Kashiwado K, Shin H, Kishimoto T, Matsushita K, Kobayashi S, Nakamura R, Shinmen N, Kuroda H, Zhang XM, Wang H, Goto KI, Hiwasa T. Serum anti-LRPAP1 is a common biomarker for digestive organ cancers and atherosclerotic diseases. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:4453-4464. [PMID: 32939876 PMCID: PMC7734161 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Some cancers are related to atherosclerotic diseases; therefore, these two types of disease may share some antibody biomarkers in common. To investigate this, a first screening of sera was performed from patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) or acute ischemic stroke (AIS) for serological identification of antigens using recombinant cDNA expression cloning (SEREX). The amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay‐linked immunosorbent assay (AlphaLISA) method, which incorporates glutathione donor beads and anti‐human IgG acceptor beads, was used to evaluate serum antibody levels. SEREX screening identified low‐density lipoprotein receptor–related protein–associated protein 1 (LRPAP1) as a target antigen of serum IgG antibodies in the sera of patients with ESCC or AIS. Antigens, including recombinant glutathione S‐transferase–fused LRPAP1 protein, were prepared to examine serum antibody levels. AlphaLISA revealed significantly higher antibody levels against the LRPAP1 protein in patients with solid cancers such as ESCC and colorectal carcinoma and some atherosclerosis‐related diseases such as AIS and diabetes mellitus compared with healthy donors. Correlation analysis revealed that the elevated serum antibody levels against LRPAP1 were associated with smoking, a well‐known risk factor for both cancer and atherosclerosis. Serum LRPAP1 antibody is therefore a common marker for the early diagnosis of some cancers and atherosclerotic diseases and may reflect diseases caused by habitual smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Sumazaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Clinical Oncology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Clinical Oncology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Clinical Oncology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Shiratori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Clinical Oncology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kobayashi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoichi Yoshida
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akihiko Adachi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoo Matsutani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuo Iwadate
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Mine
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba Prefectural Sawara Hospital, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshio Machida
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Eastern Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kamitsukasa
- Department of Neurology, Chiba Rosai Hospital, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Chibaken Saiseikai Narashino Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mori
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sugimoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Uzawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuwabara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mikiko Ohno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Nishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Takizawa
- Port Square Kashiwado Clinic, Kashiwado Memorial Foundation, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Hideo Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Higashi Funabashi Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Kishimoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Matsushita
- Division of Clinical Genetics and Proteomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sohei Kobayashi
- Division of Clinical Genetics and Proteomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Rika Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Medical Project Division, Research Development Center, Fujikura Kasei Co., Saitama, Japan
| | - Natsuko Shinmen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Medical Project Division, Research Development Center, Fujikura Kasei Co., Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kuroda
- Medical Project Division, Research Development Center, Fujikura Kasei Co., Saitama, Japan
| | - Xiao-Meng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guanzhou, China
| | - Ken-Ichiro Goto
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takaki Hiwasa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Clinical Oncology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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14
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Jeremiasse B, Matta C, Fellows CR, Boocock DJ, Smith JR, Liddell S, Lafeber F, van Spil WE, Mobasheri A. Alterations in the chondrocyte surfaceome in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:47. [PMID: 32586320 PMCID: PMC7318434 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chondrocytes are exposed to an inflammatory micro-environment in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of articular cartilage in joint diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In OA, degenerative changes and low-grade inflammation within the joint transform the behaviour and metabolism of chondrocytes, disturb the balance between ECM synthesis and degradation, and alter the osmolality and ionic composition of the micro-environment. We hypothesize that chondrocytes adjust their physiology to the inflammatory microenvironment by modulating the expression of cell surface proteins, collectively referred to as the ‘surfaceome’. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the surfaceome of primary equine chondrocytes isolated from healthy joints following exposure to the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). We employed combined methodology that we recently developed for investigating the surfaceome in stem cells. Membrane proteins were isolated using an aminooxy-biotinylation technique and analysed by mass spectrometry using high throughput shotgun proteomics. Selected proteins were validated by western blotting. Results Amongst the 431 unique cell surface proteins identified, a high percentage of low-abundance proteins, such as ion channels, receptors and transporter molecules were detected. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD014773. A high number of proteins exhibited different expression patterns following chondrocyte stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Low density lipoprotein related protein 1 (LPR-1), thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), voltage dependent anion channel (VDAC) 1–2 and annexin A1 were considered to be of special interest and were analysed further by western blotting. Conclusions Our results provide, for the first time, a repository for proteomic data on differentially expressed low-abundance membrane proteins on the surface of chondrocytes in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Jeremiasse
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Csaba Matta
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Christopher R Fellows
- Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Science and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - David J Boocock
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | | | | | - Floris Lafeber
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem E van Spil
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania. .,Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK. .,Department of Orthopedics, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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15
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Riitano G, Manganelli V, Capozzi A, Mattei V, Recalchi S, Martellucci S, Longo A, Misasi R, Garofalo T, Sorice M. LRP6 mediated signal transduction pathway triggered by tissue plasminogen activator acts through lipid rafts in neuroblastoma cells. J Cell Commun Signal 2020; 14:315-323. [PMID: 32062833 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00551-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
LDL receptor-related proteins 6 (LRP6) is a type I transmembrane receptor (C-terminus in cytosol), which appears to be essential in numerous biological processes, since it is an essential co-receptor of Wnt ligands for canonical β-catenin dependent signal transduction. It was shown that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), physically interacting with LRP6, induces protein phosphorylation, which may have large implication in the regulation of neural processes. In this investigation we analyzed whether LRP6 is associated with lipid rafts following tPA triggering in neuroblastoma cells and the role of raft integrity in LRP6 cell signaling. Sucrose gradient separation revealed that phosphorylated LRP6 was mainly, but not exclusively present in lipid rafts; this enrichment became more evident after triggering with tPA. In these microdomains LRP6 is strictly associated with ganglioside GM1, a paradigmatic component of these plasma membrane compartments, as revealed by coimmunoprecipitation experiments. As expected, tPA triggering induced LRP6 phosphorylation, which was independent of LRP1, as revealed by knockdown experiments by siRNA, but strictly dependent on raft integrity. Moreover, tPA induced β-catenin phosphorylation was also significantly prevented by previous pretreatment with methyl-β-cyclodextrin. Our results demonstrate that LRP6 mediated signal transduction pathway triggered by tPA acts through lipid rafts in neuroblastoma cells. These findings introduce an additional task for identifying new molecular target(s) of pharmacological agents. Indeed, these data, pointing to the key role of lipid rafts in tPA triggered signaling involving β-catenin, may have pharmacological implications, suggesting that cyclodextrins, and potentially other drugs, such as statins, may represent an useful tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Riitano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Manganelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Capozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Environmental Pathology, Rieti, Italy
| | - Serena Recalchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Martellucci
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Environmental Pathology, Rieti, Italy
| | - Agostina Longo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Misasi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Tina Garofalo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sorice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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16
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Brophy ML, Dong Y, Tao H, Yancey PG, Song K, Zhang K, Wen A, Wu H, Lee Y, Malovichko MV, Sithu SD, Wong S, Yu L, Kocher O, Bischoff J, Srivastava S, Linton MF, Ley K, Chen H. Myeloid-Specific Deletion of Epsins 1 and 2 Reduces Atherosclerosis by Preventing LRP-1 Downregulation. Circ Res 2019; 124:e6-e19. [PMID: 30595089 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Atherosclerosis is, in part, caused by immune and inflammatory cell infiltration into the vascular wall, leading to enhanced inflammation and lipid accumulation in the aortic endothelium. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease is critical for the development of new therapies. Our recent studies demonstrate that epsins, a family of ubiquitin-binding endocytic adaptors, are critical regulators of atherogenicity. Given the fundamental contribution lesion macrophages make to fuel atherosclerosis, whether and how myeloid-specific epsins promote atherogenesis is an open and significant question. OBJECTIVE We will determine the role of myeloid-specific epsins in regulating lesion macrophage function during atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS We engineered myeloid cell-specific epsins double knockout mice (LysM-DKO) on an ApoE-/- background. On Western diet, these mice exhibited marked decrease in atherosclerotic lesion formation, diminished immune and inflammatory cell content in aortas, and reduced necrotic core content but increased smooth muscle cell content in aortic root sections. Epsins deficiency hindered foam cell formation and suppressed proinflammatory macrophage phenotype but increased efferocytosis and anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype in primary macrophages. Mechanistically, we show that epsin loss specifically increased total and surface levels of LRP-1 (LDLR [low-density lipoprotein receptor]-related protein 1), an efferocytosis receptor with antiatherosclerotic properties. We further show that epsin and LRP-1 interact via epsin's ubiquitin-interacting motif domain. ox-LDL (oxidized LDL) treatment increased LRP-1 ubiquitination, subsequent binding to epsin, and its internalization from the cell surface, suggesting that epsins promote the ubiquitin-dependent internalization and downregulation of LRP-1. Crossing ApoE-/-/LysM-DKO mice onto an LRP-1 heterozygous background restored, in part, atherosclerosis, suggesting that epsin-mediated LRP-1 downregulation in macrophages plays a pivotal role in propelling atherogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Myeloid epsins promote atherogenesis by facilitating proinflammatory macrophage recruitment and inhibiting efferocytosis in part by downregulating LRP-1, implicating that targeting epsins in macrophages may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy to treat atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Brophy
- From the Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital (M.L.B., Y.D., K.S., K.Z., A.W., H.W., Y.L., S.W., L.Y., J.B., H.C.), Harvard Medical School, MA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (M.L.B.)
| | - Yunzhou Dong
- From the Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital (M.L.B., Y.D., K.S., K.Z., A.W., H.W., Y.L., S.W., L.Y., J.B., H.C.), Harvard Medical School, MA
| | - Huan Tao
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (H.T., P.G.Y., M.F.L.)
| | - Patricia G Yancey
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (H.T., P.G.Y., M.F.L.)
| | - Kai Song
- From the Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital (M.L.B., Y.D., K.S., K.Z., A.W., H.W., Y.L., S.W., L.Y., J.B., H.C.), Harvard Medical School, MA
| | - Kun Zhang
- From the Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital (M.L.B., Y.D., K.S., K.Z., A.W., H.W., Y.L., S.W., L.Y., J.B., H.C.), Harvard Medical School, MA.,Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (K.Z.)
| | - Aiyun Wen
- From the Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital (M.L.B., Y.D., K.S., K.Z., A.W., H.W., Y.L., S.W., L.Y., J.B., H.C.), Harvard Medical School, MA
| | - Hao Wu
- From the Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital (M.L.B., Y.D., K.S., K.Z., A.W., H.W., Y.L., S.W., L.Y., J.B., H.C.), Harvard Medical School, MA
| | - Yang Lee
- From the Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital (M.L.B., Y.D., K.S., K.Z., A.W., H.W., Y.L., S.W., L.Y., J.B., H.C.), Harvard Medical School, MA
| | - Marina V Malovichko
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY (M.V.M., S.D.S., S.S.)
| | - Srinivas D Sithu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY (M.V.M., S.D.S., S.S.)
| | - Scott Wong
- From the Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital (M.L.B., Y.D., K.S., K.Z., A.W., H.W., Y.L., S.W., L.Y., J.B., H.C.), Harvard Medical School, MA
| | - Lili Yu
- From the Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital (M.L.B., Y.D., K.S., K.Z., A.W., H.W., Y.L., S.W., L.Y., J.B., H.C.), Harvard Medical School, MA
| | - Olivier Kocher
- Department of Pathology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Medical Deaconess Medical Center (O.K.), Harvard Medical School, MA
| | - Joyce Bischoff
- From the Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital (M.L.B., Y.D., K.S., K.Z., A.W., H.W., Y.L., S.W., L.Y., J.B., H.C.), Harvard Medical School, MA
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY (M.V.M., S.D.S., S.S.)
| | - MacRae F Linton
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (H.T., P.G.Y., M.F.L.)
| | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA (K.L.)
| | - Hong Chen
- From the Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital (M.L.B., Y.D., K.S., K.Z., A.W., H.W., Y.L., S.W., L.Y., J.B., H.C.), Harvard Medical School, MA
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17
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Au DT, Arai AL, Fondrie WE, Muratoglu SC, Strickland DK. Role of the LDL Receptor-Related Protein 1 in Regulating Protease Activity and Signaling Pathways in the Vasculature. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 19:1276-1288. [PMID: 29749311 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180511162048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms represent a significant clinical problem as they largely go undetected until a rupture occurs. Currently, an understanding of mechanisms leading to aneurysm formation is limited. Numerous studies clearly indicate that vascular smooth muscle cells play a major role in the development and response of the vasculature to hemodynamic changes and defects in these responses can lead to aneurysm formation. The LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is major smooth muscle cell receptor that has the capacity to mediate the endocytosis of numerous ligands and to initiate and regulate signaling pathways. Genetic evidence in humans and mouse models reveal a critical role for LRP1 in maintaining the integrity of the vasculature. Understanding the mechanisms by which this is accomplished represents an important area of research, and likely involves LRP1's ability to regulate levels of proteases known to degrade the extracellular matrix as well as its ability to modulate signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianaly T Au
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Biopark I, R213, 800 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, MD, United States
| | - Allison L Arai
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Biopark I, R213, 800 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, MD, United States
| | - William E Fondrie
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Biopark I, R213, 800 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, MD, United States
| | - Selen C Muratoglu
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Biopark I, R213, 800 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, MD, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, MD, United States
| | - Dudley K Strickland
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Biopark I, R213, 800 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, MD, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, MD, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, MD, United States
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18
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Li DT, Habtemichael EN, Julca O, Sales CI, Westergaard XO, DeVries SG, Ruiz D, Sayal B, Bogan JS. GLUT4 Storage Vesicles: Specialized Organelles for Regulated Trafficking. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 92:453-470. [PMID: 31543708 PMCID: PMC6747935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Fat and muscle cells contain a specialized, intracellular organelle known as the GLUT4 storage vesicle (GSV). Insulin stimulation mobilizes GSVs, so that these vesicles fuse at the cell surface and insert GLUT4 glucose transporters into the plasma membrane. This example is likely one instance of a broader paradigm for regulated, non-secretory exocytosis, in which intracellular vesicles are translocated in response to diverse extracellular stimuli. GSVs have been studied extensively, yet these vesicles remain enigmatic. Data support the view that in unstimulated cells, GSVs are present as a pool of preformed small vesicles, which are distinct from endosomes and other membrane-bound organelles. In adipocytes, GSVs contain specific cargoes including GLUT4, IRAP, LRP1, and sortilin. They are formed by membrane budding, involving sortilin and probably CHC22 clathrin in humans, but the donor compartment from which these vesicles form remains uncertain. In unstimulated cells, GSVs are trapped by TUG proteins near the endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). Insulin signals through two main pathways to mobilize these vesicles. Signaling by the Akt kinase modulates Rab GTPases to target the GSVs to the cell surface. Signaling by the Rho-family GTPase TC10α stimulates Usp25m-mediated TUG cleavage to liberate the vesicles from the Golgi. Cleavage produces a ubiquitin-like protein modifier, TUGUL, that links the GSVs to KIF5B kinesin motors to promote their movement to the cell surface. In obesity, attenuation of these processes results in insulin resistance and contributes to type 2 diabetes and may simultaneously contribute to hypertension and dyslipidemia in the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don T. Li
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Estifanos N. Habtemichael
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Omar Julca
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Chloe I. Sales
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Xavier O. Westergaard
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Stephen G. DeVries
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Diana Ruiz
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Bhavesh Sayal
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Jonathan S. Bogan
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT,To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Jonathan S. Bogan, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208020, New Haven, CT 06520-8020; Tel: 203-785-6319; Fax: 203-785-6462;
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19
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Knapp B, Roedig J, Boldt K, Krzysko J, Horn N, Ueffing M, Wolfrum U. Affinity proteomics identifies novel functional modules related to adhesion GPCRs. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1456:144-167. [PMID: 31441075 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (ADGRs) have recently become a target of intense research. Their unique protein structure, which consists of a G protein-coupled receptor combined with long adhesive extracellular domains, suggests a dual role in cell signaling and adhesion. Despite considerable progress in the understanding of ADGR signaling over the past years, the knowledge about ADGR protein networks is still limited. For most receptors, only a few interaction partners are known thus far. We aimed to identify novel ADGR-interacting partners to shed light on cellular protein networks that rely on ADGR function. For this, we applied affinity proteomics, utilizing tandem affinity purifications combined with mass spectrometry. Analysis of the acquired proteomics data provides evidence that ADGRs not only have functional roles at synapses but also at intracellular membranes, namely at the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). Specifically, we found an association of ADGRs with several scaffold proteins of the membrane-associated guanylate kinases family, elementary units of the γ-secretase complex, the outer/inner mitochondrial membrane, MAMs, and regulators of the Wnt signaling pathways. Furthermore, the nuclear localization of ADGR domains together with their physical interaction with nuclear proteins and several transcription factors suggests a role of ADGRs in gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Knapp
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens Roedig
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Karsten Boldt
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research and Medical Bioanalytics, Centre for Ophthalmology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jacek Krzysko
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicola Horn
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research and Medical Bioanalytics, Centre for Ophthalmology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research and Medical Bioanalytics, Centre for Ophthalmology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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20
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Van Gool B, Storck SE, Reekmans SM, Lechat B, Gordts PLSM, Pradier L, Pietrzik CU, Roebroek AJM. LRP1 Has a Predominant Role in Production over Clearance of Aβ in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7234-7245. [PMID: 31004319 PMCID: PMC6728278 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) has a dual role in the metabolism of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). In cellular models, LRP1 enhances amyloid-β (Aβ) generation via APP internalization and thus its amyloidogenic processing. However, conditional knock-out studies in mice define LRP1 as an important mediator for the clearance of extracellular Aβ from brain via cellular degradation or transcytosis across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In order to analyze the net effect of LRP1 on production and clearance of Aβ in vivo, we crossed mice with impaired LRP1 function with a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Analysis of Aβ metabolism showed that, despite reduced Aβ clearance due to LRP1 inactivation in vivo, less Aβ was found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain interstitial fluid (ISF). Further analysis of APP metabolism revealed that impairment of LRP1 in vivo shifted APP processing from the Aβ-generating amyloidogenic cleavage by beta-secretase to the non-amyloidogenic processing by alpha-secretase as shown by a decrease in extracellular Aβ and an increase of soluble APP-α (sAPP-α). This shift in APP processing resulted in overall lower Aβ levels and a reduction in plaque burden. Here, we present for the first time clear in vivo evidence that global impairment of LRP1's endocytosis function favors non-amyloidogenic processing of APP due to its reduced internalization and subsequently, reduced amyloidogenic processing. By inactivation of LRP1, the inhibitory effect on Aβ generation overrules the simultaneous impaired Aβ clearance, resulting in less extracellular Aβ and reduced plaque deposition in a mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Van Gool
- Laboratory for Experimental Mouse Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 604, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steffen E Storck
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sara M Reekmans
- Laboratory for Experimental Mouse Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 604, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benoit Lechat
- Laboratory for Experimental Mouse Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 604, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip L S M Gordts
- Laboratory for Experimental Mouse Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 604, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Laurent Pradier
- SANOFI, Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, 1 Avenue P. Brossolette, 91385, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Claus U Pietrzik
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anton J M Roebroek
- Laboratory for Experimental Mouse Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 604, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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21
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Bres EE, Faissner A. Low Density Receptor-Related Protein 1 Interactions With the Extracellular Matrix: More Than Meets the Eye. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:31. [PMID: 30931303 PMCID: PMC6428713 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a biological substrate composed of collagens, proteoglycans and glycoproteins that ensures proper cell migration and adhesion and keeps the cell architecture intact. The regulation of the ECM composition is a vital process strictly controlled by, among others, proteases, growth factors and adhesion receptors. As it appears, ECM remodeling is also essential for proper neuronal and glial development and the establishment of adequate synaptic signaling. Hence, disturbances in ECM functioning are often present in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease. Moreover, mutations in ECM molecules are found in some forms of epilepsy and malfunctioning of ECM-related genes and pathways can be seen in, for example, cancer or ischemic injury. Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (Lrp1) is a member of the low density lipoprotein receptor family. Lrp1 is involved not only in ligand uptake, receptor mediated endocytosis and lipoprotein transport—functions shared by low density lipoprotein receptor family members—but also regulates cell surface protease activity, controls cellular entry and binding of toxins and viruses, protects against atherosclerosis and acts on many cell signaling pathways. Given the plethora of functions, it is not surprising that Lrp1 also impacts the ECM and is involved in its remodeling. This review focuses on the role of Lrp1 and some of its major ligands on ECM function. Specifically, interactions with two Lrp1 ligands, integrins and tissue plasminogen activator are described in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa E Bres
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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22
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Role of the Endocytosis of Caveolae in Intracellular Signaling and Metabolism. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 57:203-234. [PMID: 30097777 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-96704-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Caveolae are 60-80 nm invaginated plasma membrane (PM) nanodomains, with a specific lipid and protein composition, which assist and regulate multiple processes in the plasma membrane-ranging from the organization of signalling complexes to the mechanical adaptation to changes in PM tension. However, since their initial descriptions, these structures have additionally been found tightly linked to internalization processes, mechanoadaptation, to the regulation of signalling events and of endosomal trafficking. Here, we review caveolae biology from this perspective, and its implications for cell physiology and disease.
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23
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Quintana-Urzainqui I, Kozić Z, Mitra S, Tian T, Manuel M, Mason JO, Price DJ. Tissue-Specific Actions of Pax6 on Proliferation and Differentiation Balance in Developing Forebrain Are Foxg1 Dependent. iScience 2018; 10:171-191. [PMID: 30529950 PMCID: PMC6287089 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in the growth and maturation of diverse forebrain tissues depend on region-specific transcriptional regulation. Individual transcription factors act simultaneously in multiple regions that develop very differently, raising questions about the extent to which their actions vary regionally. We found that the transcription factor Pax6 affects the transcriptomes and the balance between proliferation and differentiation in opposite directions in the diencephalon versus cerebral cortex. We tested several possible mechanisms to explain Pax6's tissue-specific actions and found that the presence of the transcription factor Foxg1 in the cortex but not in the diencephalon was most influential. We found that Foxg1 is responsible for many of the differences in cell cycle gene expression between the diencephalon and cortex and, in cortex lacking Foxg1, Pax6's action on the balance of proliferation versus differentiation becomes diencephalon like. Our findings reveal a mechanism for generating regional forebrain diversity in which one transcription factor completely reverses the actions of another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Quintana-Urzainqui
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.
| | - Zrinko Kozić
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Soham Mitra
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Tian Tian
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Martine Manuel
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - John O Mason
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - David J Price
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
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24
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Macrophage cells secrete factors including LRP1 that orchestrate the rejuvenation of bone repair in mice. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5191. [PMID: 30518764 PMCID: PMC6281653 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07666-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The pace of repair declines with age and, while exposure to a young circulation can rejuvenate fracture repair, the cell types and factors responsible for rejuvenation are unknown. Here we report that young macrophage cells produce factors that promote osteoblast differentiation of old bone marrow stromal cells. Heterochronic parabiosis exploiting young mice in which macrophages can be depleted and fractionated bone marrow transplantation experiments show that young macrophages rejuvenate fracture repair, and old macrophage cells slow healing in young mice. Proteomic analysis of the secretomes identify differential proteins secreted between old and young macrophages, such as low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (Lrp1). Lrp1 is produced by young cells, and depleting Lrp1 abrogates the ability to rejuvenate fracture repair, while treating old mice with recombinant Lrp1 improves fracture healing. Macrophages and proteins they secrete orchestrate the fracture repair process, and young cells produce proteins that rejuvenate fracture repair in mice. The rate of repair declines with age; however, exposure to young circulations can rejuvenate fracture repair, but how this is accomplished is unknown. Here, the authors identify proteins, including low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (Lrp1), as being secreted from young macrophages and rejuvenating fracture repair in mice.
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25
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Lin CC, Lo MC, Moody R, Jiang H, Harouaka R, Stevers N, Tinsley S, Gasparyan M, Wicha M, Sun D. Targeting LRP8 inhibits breast cancer stem cells in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 438:165-173. [PMID: 30227220 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most difficult subtype of breast cancer to treat due to a paucity of effective targeted therapies. Many studies have reported that breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are enriched in TNBC and are responsible for chemoresistance and metastasis. In this study, we identify LRP8 as a novel positive regulator of BCSCs in TNBC. LRP8 is highly expressed in TNBC compared to other breast cancer subtypes and its genomic locus is amplified in 24% of TNBC tumors. Knockdown of LRP8 in TNBC cell lines inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling, decreases BCSCs, and suppresses tumorigenic potential in xenograft models. LRP8 knockdown also induces a more differentiated, luminal-epithelial phenotype and thus sensitizes the TNBC cells to chemotherapy. Together, our study highlights LRP8 as a novel therapeutic target for TNBC as inhibition of LRP8 can attenuate Wnt/β-catenin signaling to suppress BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ching Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Miao-Chia Lo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Rebecca Moody
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Chemical Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ramdane Harouaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nicholas Stevers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Samantha Tinsley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mari Gasparyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Max Wicha
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Chemical Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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26
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Schöttelndreier D, Seeger K, Grassl GA, Winny MR, Lindner R, Genth H. Expression and (Lacking) Internalization of the Cell Surface Receptors of Clostridioides difficile Toxin B. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1483. [PMID: 30022975 PMCID: PMC6039548 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxin-producing strains of Clostridioides difficile and Clostridium perfringens cause infections of the gastrointestinal tract in humans and ruminants, with the toxins being major virulence factors, essential for the infection, and responsible for the onset of severe symptoms. C. difficile toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB), and the large cytotoxin (TpeL) from C. perfringens are single chain bacterial protein toxins with an AB-like toxin structure. The C-terminal delivery domain mediates cell entry of the N-terminal glycosyltransferase domain by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Several cell surface proteins have been proposed to serve as toxin receptors, including chondroitin-sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), poliovirus receptor-like 3 (PVRL3), and frizzled-1/2/7 (FZD1/2/7) for TcdB and LDL-receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) for TpeL. The expression of the TcdB receptors was investigated in human intestinal organoids (HIOs) and in cultured cell lines. HIOs from four human donors exhibited a comparable profile of receptor expression, with PVRL3, LRP1, and FZD7 being expressed and CSPG4 and FZD2 not being expressed. In human epithelial Caco-2 cells and HT29 cells as well as in immortalized murine fibroblasts, either receptor FZD2/7, CSPG4, PVRL3, and LRP1 was expressed. The question whether the toxins take advantage of the normal turnover of their receptors (i.e., constitutive endocytosis and recycling) from the cell surface or whether the toxins activity induce the internalization of their receptors has not yet been addressed. For the analysis of receptor internalization, temperature-induced uptake of biotinylated toxin receptors into immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and Caco-2 cells was exploited. Solely LRP1 exhibited constitutive endocytosis from the plasma membrane to the endosome, which might be abused by TpeL (and possibly TcdB as well) for cell entry. Furthermore, internalization of CSPG4, PVRL3, FZD2, and FZD7 was observed neither in MEFs nor in Caco-2 cells. FZD2/7, CSPG4, and PVRL3 did thus exhibit no constitutive recycling. The presence of TcdB and the p38 activation induced by anisomycin were not able to induce or enhance CSPG4 or PVRL3 uptake in MEFs. In conclusion, FZD2/7, CSPG4, and PVRL3 seem to serve as cell surface binding receptors rather than internalizing receptors of TcdB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katrin Seeger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology and DZIF Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Guntram A Grassl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology and DZIF Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Markus R Winny
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Robert Lindner
- Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Harald Genth
- Institute for Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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Nagase H. A personal journey with matrix metalloproteinases. Biol Chem 2017; 397:805-13. [PMID: 27341559 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
I was given the honor of delivering the 2015 Lifetime Membership Award lecture at the International Proteolysis Society's annual meeting held in Penang, Malaysia in October 2015. It gave me an opportunity to look back on how I started my research on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and how I continued to work on these proteinases for the next 42 years. This is a series of sketches from the personal journey that I took with MMPs, starting from the purification of metalloproteinases, cloning, structural studies, then to a more recent encounter, endocytic regulation of matrix-degrading metalloproteinases.
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Yamamoto K, Santamaria S, Botkjaer KA, Dudhia J, Troeberg L, Itoh Y, Murphy G, Nagase H. Inhibition of Shedding of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 Reverses Cartilage Matrix Degradation in Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:1246-1256. [PMID: 28235248 PMCID: PMC5449214 DOI: 10.1002/art.40080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aggrecanase ADAMTS-5 and the collagenase matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) are constitutively secreted by chondrocytes in normal cartilage, but rapidly endocytosed via the cell surface endocytic receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1) and subsequently degraded. This endocytic system is impaired in osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage due to increased ectodomain shedding of LRP-1. The aim of this study was to identify the LRP-1 sheddase(s) in human cartilage and to test whether inhibition of LRP-1 shedding prevents cartilage degradation in OA. METHODS Cell-associated LRP-1 and soluble LRP-1 (sLRP-1) released from human cartilage explants and chondrocytes were measured by Western blot analysis. LRP-1 sheddases were identified by proteinase inhibitor profiling and gene silencing with small interfering RNAs. Specific monoclonal antibodies were used to selectively inhibit the sheddases. Degradation of aggrecan and collagen in human OA cartilage was measured by Western blot analysis using an antibody against an aggrecan neoepitope and a hydroxyproline assay, respectively. RESULTS Shedding of LRP-1 was increased in OA cartilage compared with normal tissue. Shed sLRP-1 bound to ADAMTS-5 and MMP-13 and prevented their endocytosis without interfering with their proteolytic activities. Two membrane-bound metalloproteinases, ADAM-17 and MMP-14, were identified as the LRP-1 sheddases in cartilage. Inhibition of their activities restored the endocytic capacity of chondrocytes and reduced degradation of aggrecan and collagen in OA cartilage. CONCLUSION Shedding of LRP-1 is a key link to OA progression. Local inhibition of LRP-1 sheddase activities of ADAM-17 and MMP-14 is a unique way to reverse matrix degradation in OA cartilage and could be effective as a therapeutic approach.
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Kandasamy M, Roll L, Langenstroth D, Brüstle O, Faissner A. Glycoconjugates reveal diversity of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Cell Tissue Res 2017; 368:531-549. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Qian JY, Chopp M, Liu Z. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Promote Axonal Outgrowth Alone and Synergistically with Astrocytes via tPA. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168345. [PMID: 27959956 PMCID: PMC5154605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We reported that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) enhance neurological recovery from experimental stroke and increase tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) expression in astrocytes. Here, we investigate mechanisms by which tPA mediates MSC enhanced axonal outgrowth. Primary murine neurons and astrocytes were isolated from wild-type (WT) and tPA-knockout (KO) cortices of embryos. Mouse MSCs (WT) were purchased from Cognate Inc. Neurons (WT or KO) were seeded in soma side of Xona microfluidic chambers, and astrocytes (WT or KO) and/or MSCs in axon side. The chambers were cultured as usual (normoxia) or subjected to oxygen deprivation. Primary neurons (seeded in plates) were co-cultured with astrocytes and/or MSCs (in inserts) for Western blot. In chambers, WT axons grew significantly longer than KO axons and exogenous tPA enhanced axonal outgrowth. MSCs increased WT axonal outgrowth alone and synergistically with WT astrocytes at both normoxia and oxygen deprivation conditions. The synergistic effect was inhibited by U0126, an ERK inhibitor, and receptor associated protein (RAP), a low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1 (LRP1) ligand antagonist. However, MSCs exerted neither individual nor synergistic effects on KO axonal outgrowth. Western blot showed that MSCs promoted astrocytic tPA expression and increased neuronal tPA alone and synergistically with astrocytes. Also, MSCs activated neuronal ERK alone and synergistically with astrocytes, which was inhibited by RAP. We conclude: (1) MSCs promote axonal outgrowth via neuronal tPA and synergistically with astrocytic tPA; (2) neuronal tPA is critical to observe the synergistic effect of MSC and astrocytes on axonal outgrowth; and (3) tPA mediates MSC treatment-induced axonal outgrowth through the LRP1 receptor and ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yong Qian
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Zhongwu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hossain A, Tauhid L, Davenport I, Huckaba T, Graves R, Mandal T, Muniruzzaman S, Ahmed SA, Bhattacharjee PS. LRP-1 Pathway Targeted Inhibition of Vascular Abnormalities in the Retina of Diabetic Mice. Curr Eye Res 2016; 42:640-647. [PMID: 27442082 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2016.1203441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The cell surface LDL (low-density lipoprotein) receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) is important for lipid transport and several cell signaling processes. Human apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a ligand of LRP-1. We previously reported that a short peptide (apoEdp) mimicking the LRP-1 binding region of apoE prevents hyperglycemia-induced retinal endothelial cell dysfunction in vitro. The in-vivo outcome of apoE-based peptidomimetic inhibition of LRP-1 in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy is unknown. METHODS Six months after streptozotocin induction of diabetes, male C57Bl/6 mice were intravitreally inoculated with apoEdp in a controlled release formulation. On the 15th day post-apoEdp treatment, mouse retinas were harvested to examine (1) blood-retinal-barrier (BRB) permeability by Evans blue dye, inflammatory leukostasis by concanavalin staining of leukocytes and LRP-1 pathway-related protein expression by Western blot analysis and gelatin zymography. RESULTS Intravitreal apoEdp treatment of diabetic mice significantly reduced Evans blue extravasation and the number of adherent leukocytes in the diabetic mouse retinas. ApoEdp treatment inhibited the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) degrading proteases heparanase and MMP-2, and restores the BRB tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1. ApoEdp treatment also inhibited Wnt/β-catenin-related expression of pro-inflammatory molecules ICAM-1, HIF-1α, and VEGF through negative regulation by LRP-1. CONCLUSION Intravitreal apoEdp treatment of diabetic mice resulted a significant decrease in retinal vascular abnormalities through downregulation of LRP-1-related ECM protein degradation and Wnt/β-catenin-related pro-angiogenic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahamed Hossain
- a Department of Biology , Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Lamiya Tauhid
- b School of Science and Engineering , Tulane University , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Ian Davenport
- a Department of Biology , Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Thomas Huckaba
- a Department of Biology , Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Richard Graves
- c Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Tarun Mandal
- c Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Syed Muniruzzaman
- a Department of Biology , Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Syed A Ahmed
- d Division of Business , Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans , LA , USA
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Yamamoto K, Okano H, Miyagawa W, Visse R, Shitomi Y, Santamaria S, Dudhia J, Troeberg L, Strickland DK, Hirohata S, Nagase H. MMP-13 is constitutively produced in human chondrocytes and co-endocytosed with ADAMTS-5 and TIMP-3 by the endocytic receptor LRP1. Matrix Biol 2016; 56:57-73. [PMID: 27084377 PMCID: PMC5146981 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) degrades collagenous extracellular matrix and its aberrant activity associates with diseases such as arthritis, cancer, atherosclerosis and fibrosis. The wide range of MMP-13 proteolytic capacity suggests that it is a powerful, potentially destructive proteinase and thus it has been believed that MMP-13 is not produced in most adult human tissues in the steady state. Present study has revealed that human chondrocytes isolated from healthy adults constitutively express and secrete MMP-13, but that it is rapidly endocytosed and degraded by chondrocytes. Both pro- and activated MMP-13 bind to clusters II and III of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1). Domain deletion studies indicated that the hemopexin domain is responsible for this interaction. Binding competition between MMP-13 and ADAMTS-4, -5 or TIMP-3, which also bind to cluster II, further shown that the MMP-13 binding site within cluster II is different from those of ADAMTS-4, -5 or TIMP-3. MMP-13 is therefore co-endocytosed with ADAMTS-5 and TIMP-3 by human chondrocytes. These findings indicate that MMP-13 may play a role on physiological turnover of cartilage extracellular matrix and that LRP1 is a key modulator of extracellular levels of MMP-13 and its internalization is independent of the levels of ADAMTS-4, -5 and TIMP-3. ProMMP-13 is constitutively produced and endocytosed by chondrocytes. LRP1 is a key modulator of extracellular levels of proMMP-13 and MMP-13. ProMMP-13 and MMP-13 directly bind to LRP1 via the hemopexin domain. Unique sites on LRP1 for MMP-13 binding have been mapped. Co-endocytosis of proMMP-13 with ADAMTS-4, -5 and TIMP-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Hiroshi Okano
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Wakako Miyagawa
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Robert Visse
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yasuyuki Shitomi
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Salvatore Santamaria
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jayesh Dudhia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Herts, UK
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dudley K Strickland
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Satoshi Hirohata
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nagase
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Nam KN, Mounier A, Fitz NF, Wolfe C, Schug J, Lefterov I, Koldamova R. RXR controlled regulatory networks identified in mouse brain counteract deleterious effects of Aβ oligomers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24048. [PMID: 27051978 PMCID: PMC4823697 DOI: 10.1038/srep24048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bexarotene, a selective agonist for Retinoid X receptors (RXR) improves cognitive deficits and amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance in mice. Here we examine if the effect of bexarotene on RXR cistrome and transcriptomes depend on APOE isoform and Aβ deposition. We found bexarotene increased RXR binding to promoter regions in cortex of APOE3 mice. Rho family GTPases and Wnt signaling pathway were highly enriched in ChIP-seq and RNA-seq datasets and members of those pathways - Lrp1, Lrp5, Sfrp5 and Sema3f were validated. The effect of APOE isoform was compared in APOE3 and APOE4 mice and we found significant overlapping in affected pathways. ChIP-seq using mouse embryonic stem cells and enrichment levels of histone marks H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 revealed that, bexarotene induced epigenetic changes, consistent with increased neuronal differentiation and in correlation with changes in transcription. Comparison of transcriptome in APOE3 and APP/APOE3 mice revealed that amyloid deposition significantly affects the response to bexarotene. In primary neurons, bexarotene ameliorated the damaged dendrite complexity and loss of neurites caused by Aβ42. Finally, we show that the disruption of actin cytoskeleton induced by Aβ42in vitro was inhibited by bexarotene treatment. Our results suggest a mechanism to establish RXR therapeutic targets with significance in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong Nyon Nam
- Department of Environmental &Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Anais Mounier
- Department of Environmental &Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Nicholas F Fitz
- Department of Environmental &Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Cody Wolfe
- Department of Environmental &Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Jonathan Schug
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Iliya Lefterov
- Department of Environmental &Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Radosveta Koldamova
- Department of Environmental &Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
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Lugli N, Kamileri I, Keogh A, Malinka T, Sarris ME, Talianidis I, Schaad O, Candinas D, Stroka D, Halazonetis TD. R-spondin 1 and noggin facilitate expansion of resident stem cells from non-damaged gallbladders. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:769-79. [PMID: 26993089 PMCID: PMC5341509 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201642169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pioneering studies within the last few years have allowed the in vitro expansion of tissue‐specific adult stem cells from a variety of endoderm‐derived organs, including the stomach, small intestine, and colon. Expansion of these cells requires activation of the receptor Lgr5 by its ligand R‐spondin 1 and is likely facilitated by the fact that in healthy adults the stem cells in these organs are highly proliferative. In many other adult organs, such as the liver, proliferating cells are normally not abundant in adulthood. However, upon injury, the liver has a strong regenerative potential that is accompanied by the emergence of Lgr5‐positive stem cells; these cells can be isolated and expanded in vitro as organoids. In an effort to isolate stem cells from non‐regenerating mouse livers, we discovered that healthy gallbladders are a rich source of stem/progenitor cells that can be propagated in culture as organoids for more than a year. Growth of these organoids was stimulated by R‐spondin 1 and noggin, whereas in the absence of these growth factors, the organoids differentiated partially toward the hepatocyte fate. When transplanted under the liver capsule, gallbladder‐derived organoids maintained their architecture for 2 weeks. Furthermore, single cells prepared from dissociated organoids and injected into the mesenteric vein populated the liver parenchyma of carbon tetrachloride‐treated mice. Human gallbladders were also a source of organoid‐forming stem cells. Thus, under specific growth conditions, stem cells can be isolated from healthy gallbladders, expanded almost indefinitely in vitro, and induced to differentiate toward the hepatocyte lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Lugli
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland National Centre of Competence in Research "Frontiers in Genetics", Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Irene Kamileri
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Keogh
- Department of Clinical Research, Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Malinka
- Department of Clinical Research, Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Olivier Schaad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Candinas
- Department of Clinical Research, Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Stroka
- Department of Clinical Research, Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Vattulainen-Collanus S, Akinrinade O, Li M, Koskenvuo M, Li CG, Rao SP, de Jesus Perez V, Yuan K, Sawada H, Koskenvuo JW, Alvira C, Rabinovitch M, Alastalo TP. Loss of PPARγ in endothelial cells leads to impaired angiogenesis. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:693-705. [PMID: 26743080 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.169011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tie2-promoter-mediated loss of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ, also known as PPARG) in mice leads to osteopetrosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Vascular disease is associated with loss of PPARγ in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVEC); we evaluated the role of PPARγ in PMVEC functions, such as angiogenesis and migration. The role of PPARγ in angiogenesis was evaluated in Tie2CrePPARγ(flox/flox) and wild-type mice, and in mouse and human PMVECs. RNA sequencing and bioinformatic approaches were utilized to reveal angiogenesis-associated targets for PPARγ. Tie2CrePPARγ(flox/flox) mice showed an impaired angiogenic capacity. Analysis of endothelial progenitor-like cells using bone marrow transplantation combined with evaluation of isolated PMVECs revealed that loss of PPARγ attenuates the migration and angiogenic capacity of mature PMVECs. PPARγ-deficient human PMVECs showed a similar migration defect in culture. Bioinformatic and experimental analyses newly revealed E2F1 as a target of PPARγ in the regulation of PMVEC migration. Disruption of the PPARγ-E2F1 axis was associated with a dysregulated Wnt pathway related to the GSK3B interacting protein (GSKIP). In conclusion, PPARγ plays an important role in sustaining angiogenic potential in mature PMVECs through E2F1-mediated gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Vattulainen-Collanus
- Children's Hospital Helsinki, Pediatric Cardiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Oyediran Akinrinade
- Children's Hospital Helsinki, Pediatric Cardiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Molong Li
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Minna Koskenvuo
- Children's Hospital Helsinki, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caiyun Grace Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shailaja P Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vinicio de Jesus Perez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ke Yuan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hirofumi Sawada
- Department of Pediatrics, Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 5148507, Japan
| | - Juha W Koskenvuo
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cristina Alvira
- Department of Pediatrics, Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- Department of Pediatrics, Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tero-Pekka Alastalo
- Children's Hospital Helsinki, Pediatric Cardiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland
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Bruggink KA, Kuiperij HB, Gloerich J, Otte-Höller I, Rozemuller AJM, Claassen JAHR, Küsters B, Verbeek MM. Dickkopf-related protein 3 is a potential Aβ-associated protein in Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurochem 2015; 134:1152-62. [PMID: 26119087 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) is the most prominent protein in Alzheimer's disease (AD) senile plaques. In addition, Aβ interacts with a variety of Aβ-associated proteins (AAPs), some of which can form complexes with Aβ and influence its clearance, aggregation or toxicity. Identification of novel AAPs may shed new light on the pathophysiology of AD and the metabolic fate of Aβ. In this study, we aimed to identify new AAPs by searching for proteins that may form soluble complexes with Aβ in CSF, using a proteomics approach. We identified the secreted Wnt pathway protein Dickkopf-related protein 3 (Dkk-3) as a potential Aβ-associated protein. Using immunohistochemistry on human AD brain tissue, we observed that (i) Dkk-3 co-localizes with Aβ in the brain, both in diffuse and classic plaques. (ii) Dkk-3 is expressed in neurons and in blood vessel walls in the brain and (iii) is secreted by leptomeningeal smooth muscle cells in vitro. Finally, measurements using ELISA revealed that (iv) Dkk-3 protein is abundantly present in both cerebrospinal fluid and serum, but its levels are similar in non-demented controls and patients with AD, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Our study demonstrates that Dkk-3 is a hitherto unidentified Aβ-associated protein which, given its relatively high cerebral concentrations and co-localization with Aβ, is potentially involved in AD pathology. In this study, we propose that Dickkopf-related protein-3 (Dkk-3) might be a novel Amyloid-β (Aβ) associated protein. We demonstrate that Dkk-3 is expressed in the brain, especially in vessel walls, and co-localizes with Aβ in senile plaques. Furthermore, Dkk-3 levels in cerebrospinal fluid strongly correlate with Aβ40 levels, but were not suitable to discriminate non-demented controls and patients with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim A Bruggink
- Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H Bea Kuiperij
- Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolein Gloerich
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Proteomics Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Otte-Höller
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke J M Rozemuller
- Department of Pathology and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen A H R Claassen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Benno Küsters
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Kozlova N, Jensen JK, Chi TF, Samoylenko A, Kietzmann T. PAI-1 modulates cell migration in a LRP1-dependent manner via β-catenin and ERK1/2. Thromb Haemost 2015; 113:988-98. [PMID: 25694133 DOI: 10.1160/th14-08-0678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the major and most specific acting urokinase (uPA) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) inhibitor. Apart from its function in the fibrinolytic system, PAI-1 was also found to contribute to processes like tissue remodelling, angiogenesis, and tumour progression. However, the role of PAI-1 in those processes remains largely controversial with respect to the influence of PAI-1 on cell signalling pathways. Although PAI-1 does not possess its own cellular receptor, it can be bound to low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) which was proposed to modulate the β-catenin pathway. Therefore, we used wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), and MEFs deficient of LRP1 to study PAI-1 as modulator of the β-catenin pathway. We found that PAI-1 influences MEF proliferation and motility in a LRP1-dependent manner and that β-catenin is important for that response. In addition, expression of β-catenin and β-catenin-dependent transcriptional activity were induced by PAI-1 in wild type MEFs, but not in LRP1-deficient cells. Moreover, PAI-1-induced ERK1/2 activation was more prominent in the LRP1-deficient cells and interestingly knockdown of β-catenin abolished this effect. Together, the data of the current study show that PAI-1 can promote cell migration via LRP1-dependent activation of the β-catenin and ERK1/2 MAPK pathway which may be important in stage-specific treatment of human diseases associated with high PAI-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anatoly Samoylenko
- Anatoly Samoylenko, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P. O.Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland, E-mail:
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Thomas Kietzmann, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P. O.Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland, Tel : +358 2 9448 7713,
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Hemond EM, Kaluziak ST, Vollmer SV. The genetics of colony form and function in Caribbean Acropora corals. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1133. [PMID: 25519925 PMCID: PMC4320547 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colonial reef-building corals have evolved a broad spectrum of colony morphologies based on coordinated asexual reproduction of polyps on a secreted calcium carbonate skeleton. Though cnidarians have been shown to possess and use similar developmental genes to bilaterians during larval development and polyp formation, little is known about genetic regulation of colony morphology in hard corals. We used RNA-seq to evaluate transcriptomic differences between functionally distinct regions of the coral (apical branch tips and branch bases) in two species of Caribbean Acropora, the staghorn coral, A. cervicornis, and the elkhorn coral, A. palmata. Results Transcriptome-wide gene profiles differed significantly between different parts of the coral colony as well as between species. Genes showing differential expression between branch tips and bases were involved in developmental signaling pathways, such as Wnt, Notch, and BMP, as well as pH regulation, ion transport, extracellular matrix production and other processes. Differences both within colonies and between species identify a relatively small number of genes that may contribute to the distinct “staghorn” versus “elkhorn” morphologies of these two sister species. Conclusions The large number of differentially expressed genes supports a strong division of labor between coral branch tips and branch bases. Genes involved in growth of mature Acropora colonies include the classical signaling pathways associated with development of cnidarian larvae and polyps as well as morphological determination in higher metazoans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1133) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Zhong Z, Ethen NJ, Williams BO. WNT signaling in bone development and homeostasis. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2014; 3:489-500. [PMID: 25270716 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The balance between bone formation and bone resorption controls postnatal bone homeostasis. Research over the last decade has provided a vast amount of evidence that WNT signaling plays a pivotal role in regulating this balance. Therefore, understanding how the WNT signaling pathway regulates skeletal development and homeostasis is of great value for human skeletal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Zhong
- Center for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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40
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Fibroblast growth factor signalling controls nervous system patterning and pigment cell formation in Ciona intestinalis. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4830. [PMID: 25189217 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
During the development of the central nervous system (CNS), combinations of transcription factors and signalling molecules orchestrate patterning, specification and differentiation of neural cell types. In vertebrates, three types of melanin-containing pigment cells, exert a variety of functional roles including visual perception. Here we analysed the mechanisms underlying pigment cell specification within the CNS of a simple chordate, the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. Ciona tadpole larvae exhibit a basic chordate body plan characterized by a small number of neural cells. We employed lineage-specific transcription profiling to characterize the expression of genes downstream of fibroblast growth factor signalling, which govern pigment cell formation. We demonstrate that FGF signalling sequentially imposes a pigment cell identity at the expense of anterior neural fates. We identify FGF-dependent and pigment cell-specific factors, including the small GTPase, Rab32/38 and demonstrated its requirement for the pigmentation of larval sensory organs.
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41
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Is Alzheimer's disease related to metabolic syndrome? A Wnt signaling conundrum. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 121:125-46. [PMID: 25084549 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, affecting more than 36 million people worldwide. AD is characterized by a progressive loss of cognitive functions. For years, it has been thought that age is the main risk factor for AD. Recent studies suggest that life style factors, including nutritional behaviors, play a critical role in the onset of dementia. Evidence about the relationship between nutritional behavior and AD includes the role of conditions such as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and elevated glucose levels. The coexistence of some of these cardio-metabolic risk factors is generally known as metabolic syndrome (MS). Some clinical studies support the role of MS in the onset of AD. However, the cross-talk between the molecular signaling implicated in these disorders is unknown. In the present review, we focus on the molecular correlates that support the relationship between MS and the onset of AD. We also discuss relevant issues such as the role of leptin, insulin and renin-angiotensin signaling in the brain and the possible role of Wnt signaling in both MS and AD. We discuss the evidence supporting the use of ob/ob mice, high-fructose diets, aortic coarctation-induced hypertension and Octodon degus, which spontaneously develops β-amyloid deposits and metabolic derangements, as suitable animal models to address the relationships between MS and AD. Finally, we examine emergent data supporting the role of Wnt signaling in the modulation of AD and MS, implicating this pathway as a therapeutic target in both conditions.
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Doi R, Endo M, Yamakoshi K, Yamanashi Y, Nishita M, Fukada SI, Minami Y. Critical role of Frizzled1 in age-related alterations of Wnt/β-catenin signal in myogenic cells during differentiation. Genes Cells 2014; 19:287-96. [PMID: 24475942 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signal in muscle satellite cells (mSCs) of aged mice during myogenic differentiation has been appreciated as an important age-related feature of the skeletal muscles, resulting in impairment of their regenerative ability following muscle injury. However, it remains elusive about molecules involved in this age-related alteration of Wnt/β-catenin signal in myogenic cells. To clarify this issue, we carried out expression analyses of Wnt receptor genes using real-time RT-PCR in mSCs isolated from the skeletal muscles of young and aged mice. Here, we show that expression of Frizzled1 (Fzd1) was detected at high levels in mSCs of aged mice. Higher expression levels of Fzd1 were also detected in mSC-derived myogenic cells from aged mice and associated with activation of Wnt/β-catenin signal during their myogenic differentiation in vitro. We also provide evidence that suppressed expression of Fzd1 in myogenic cells from aged mice results in a significant increase in myogenic differentiation, and its forced expression in those from young mice results in its drastic inhibition. These findings indicate the critical role of Fzd1 in altered myogenic differentiation associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Doi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
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43
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Yamamoto K, Owen K, Parker AE, Scilabra SD, Dudhia J, Strickland DK, Troeberg L, Nagase H. Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1)-mediated endocytic clearance of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS-4): functional differences of non-catalytic domains of ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5 in LRP1 binding. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:6462-6474. [PMID: 24474687 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.545376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation of the cartilage proteoglycan aggrecan is an early event in the development of osteoarthritis, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS-4) and ADAMTS-5 are considered to be the major aggrecan-degrading enzymes. We have recently found that ADAMTS-5 is rapidly endocytosed via low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) and degraded by chondrocytes. Here we report that this regulatory mechanism also applies to ADAMTS-4, although its rate of endocytosis is slower than that of ADAMTS-5. Domain deletion mutagenesis of ADAMTS-4 identified that the cysteine-rich and spacer domains are responsible for binding to LRP1, whereas the thrombospondin 1 and spacer domains are responsible in ADAMTS-5. The estimated t½ value of ADAMTS-4 endocytosis was about 220 min, whereas that of ADAMTS-5 was 100 min. The difference in half-lives between the two enzymes is explained by the 13-fold lower affinity of ADAMTS-4 for LRP1 compared with that of ADAMTS-5. Studies using soluble ligand binding clusters of LRP1 showed that ADAMTS-4 binds to clusters II and IV with similar KD,app values of 98 and 73 nm, respectively, whereas ADAMTS-5 binds to cluster II, III, and IV with KD,app values of 3.5, 41, and 9 nm, respectively. Thus, ADAMTS-5 competitively inhibits ADAMTS-4 endocytosis but not vice versa. This study highlights that the affinity between a ligand and LRP1 dictates the rate of internalization and suggests that LRP1 is a major traffic controller of the two aggrecanases, especially under inflammatory conditions, where the protein levels of ADAMTS-4 increase, but those of ADAMTS-5 do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom.
| | - Kathryn Owen
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 65 Aspenlea Road, London W6 8LH, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew E Parker
- Respiratory and Inflammation Department, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TF, United Kingdom
| | - Simone D Scilabra
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 65 Aspenlea Road, London W6 8LH, United Kingdom
| | - Jayesh Dudhia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - Dudley K Strickland
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 65 Aspenlea Road, London W6 8LH, United Kingdom
| | - Hideaki Nagase
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 65 Aspenlea Road, London W6 8LH, United Kingdom
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Boudin E, Fijalkowski I, Piters E, Van Hul W. The role of extracellular modulators of canonical Wnt signaling in bone metabolism and diseases. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2013; 43:220-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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tPA regulates neurite outgrowth by phosphorylation of LRP5/6 in neural progenitor cells. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:199-215. [PMID: 23925701 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite the important role of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) as a neuromodulator in neurons, microglia, and astrocytes, its role in neural progenitor cell (NPC) development is not clear yet. We identified that tPA is highly expressed in NPCs compared with neurons. Inhibition of tPA activity or expression using tPA stop, PAI-1, or tPA siRNA inhibited neurite outgrowth from NPCs, while overexpression or addition of exogenous tPA increased neurite outgrowth. The expression of Wnt and β-catenin as well as phosphorylation of LRP5 and LRP6, which has been implicated in Wnt-β-catenin signaling, was rapidly increased after tPA treatment and was decreased by tPA siRNA transfection. Knockdown of β-catenin or LRP5/6 expression by siRNA prevented tPA-induced neurite extension. NPCs obtained from tPA KO mice showed impaired neurite outgrowth compared with WT NPCs. In ischemic rat brains, axon density was higher in the brains transplanted with WT NPCs than in those with tPA KO NPCs, suggesting increased axonal sprouting by NPC-derived tPA. tPA-mediated regulation of neuronal maturation in NPCs may play an important role during development and in regenerative conditions.
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Hennen E, Safina D, Haussmann U, Wörsdörfer P, Edenhofer F, Poetsch A, Faissner A. A LewisX glycoprotein screen identifies the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) as a modulator of oligodendrogenesis in mice. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:16538-16545. [PMID: 23615909 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.419812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the developing and adult CNS multipotent neural stem cells reside in distinct niches. Specific carbohydrates and glycoproteins are expressed in these niche microenvironments which are important regulators of stem cell maintenance and differentiation fate. LewisX (LeX), also known as stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 or CD15, is a defined carbohydrate moiety expressed in niche microenvironments of the developing and adult CNS. LeX-glycans are involved in stem cell proliferation, migration, and stemness. A few LeX carrier proteins are known, but a systematic analysis of the targets of LeX glycosylation in vivo has not been performed so far. Using LeX glycosylation as a biomarker we aimed to discover new glycoproteins with a potential functional relevance for CNS development. By immunoaffinity chromatography we enriched LeX glycoproteins from embryonic and postnatal mouse brains and used one-dimensional nLC-ESI-MS/MS for their identification. We could validate phosphacan, tenascin-C, and L1-CAM as major LeX carrier proteins present in vivo. Furthermore, we identified LRP1, a member of the LDL receptor family, as a new LeX carrier protein expressed by mouse neural stem cells. Surprisingly, little is known about LRP1 function for neural stem cells. Thus, we generated Lrp1 knock-out neural stem cells by Cre-mediated recombination and investigated their properties. Here, we provide first evidence that LRP1 is necessary for the differentiation of neural stem cells toward oligodendrocytes. However, this function is independent of LeX glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hennen
- Departments of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Dina Safina
- Departments of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ute Haussmann
- Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Philipp Wörsdörfer
- Stem Cell Engineering Group, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn-Life and Brain Center, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Edenhofer
- Stem Cell Engineering Group, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn-Life and Brain Center, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ansgar Poetsch
- Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Departments of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
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Stiles TL, Dickendesher TL, Gaultier A, Fernandez-Castaneda A, Mantuano E, Giger RJ, Gonias SL. LDL receptor-related protein-1 is a sialic-acid-independent receptor for myelin-associated glycoprotein that functions in neurite outgrowth inhibition by MAG and CNS myelin. J Cell Sci 2012; 126:209-20. [PMID: 23132925 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.113191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the injured adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS), products are generated that inhibit neuronal sprouting and regeneration. In recent years, most attention has focused on the myelin-associated inhibitory proteins (MAIs) Nogo-A, OMgp, and myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG). Binding of MAIs to neuronal cell-surface receptors leads to activation of RhoA, growth cone collapse, and neurite outgrowth inhibition. In the present study, we identify low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) as a high-affinity, endocytic receptor for MAG. In contrast with previously identified MAG receptors, binding of MAG to LRP1 occurs independently of terminal sialic acids. In primary neurons, functional inactivation of LRP1 with receptor-associated protein, depletion by RNA interference (RNAi) knock-down, or LRP1 gene deletion is sufficient to significantly reverse MAG and myelin-mediated inhibition of neurite outgrowth. Similar results are observed when LRP1 is antagonized in PC12 and N2a cells. By contrast, inhibiting LRP1 does not attenuate inhibition of neurite outgrowth caused by chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Mechanistic studies in N2a cells showed that LRP1 and p75NTR associate in a MAG-dependent manner and that MAG-mediated activation of RhoA may involve both LRP1 and p75NTR. LRP1 derivatives that include the complement-like repeat clusters CII and CIV bind MAG and other MAIs. When CII and CIV were expressed as Fc-fusion proteins, these proteins, purified full-length LRP1 and shed LRP1 all attenuated the inhibition of neurite outgrowth caused by MAG and CNS myelin in primary neurons. Collectively, our studies identify LRP1 as a novel MAG receptor that functions in neurite outgrowth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis L Stiles
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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48
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Spuch C, Ortolano S, Navarro C. LRP-1 and LRP-2 receptors function in the membrane neuron. Trafficking mechanisms and proteolytic processing in Alzheimer's disease. Front Physiol 2012; 3:269. [PMID: 22934024 PMCID: PMC3429044 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) belongs to the low-density lipoprotein receptor family, generally recognized as cell surface endocytic receptors, which bind and internalize extracellular ligands for degradation in lysosomes. Neurons require cholesterol to function and keep the membrane rafts stable. Cholesterol uptake into the neuron is carried out by ApoE via LRPs receptors on the cell surface. In neurons the most important are LRP-1 and LRP-2, even it is thought that a causal factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the malfunction of this process which cause impairment intracellular signaling as well as storage and/or release of nutrients and toxic compounds. Both receptors are multifunctional cell surface receptors that are widely expressed in several tissues including neurons and astrocytes. LRPs are constituted by an intracellular (ICD) and extracellular domain (ECD). Through its ECD, LRPs bind at least 40 different ligands ranging from lipoprotein and protease inhibitor complex to growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins. These receptors has also been shown to interact with scaffolding and signaling proteins via its ICD in a phosphorylation-dependent manner and to function as a co-receptor partnering with other cell surface or integral membrane proteins. Thus, LRPs are implicated in two major physiological processes: endocytosis and regulation of signaling pathways, which are both involved in diverse biological roles including lipid metabolism, cell growth processes, degradation of proteases, and tissue invasion. Interestingly, LRPs were also localized in neurons in different stages, suggesting that both receptors could be implicated in signal transduction during embryonic development, neuronal outgrowth or in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Spuch
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of VigoVigo, Spain
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49
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Divergent regulation of Wnt-mediated development of the dorsomedial and ventrolateral dermomyotomal lips. Histochem Cell Biol 2012; 138:503-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-0971-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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50
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Alexander DB, Iigo M, Yamauchi K, Suzui M, Tsuda H. Lactoferrin: an alternative view of its role in human biological fluids. Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 90:279-306. [PMID: 22553915 DOI: 10.1139/o2012-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin is a major component of biologically important mucosal fluids and of the specific granules of neutrophils. Understanding its biological function is essential for understanding neutrophil- and mucosal-mediated immunity. In this review, we reevaluate the in vivo functions of human lactoferrin (hLF) emphasizing in vivo studies and in vitro studies performed in biologically relevant fluids. We discuss the evidence in the literature that supports (or does not support) proposed roles for hLF in mucosal immunity and in neutrophil function. We argue that the current literature supports a microbiostatic role, but not a microbicidal role, for hLF in vivo. The literature also supports a role for hLF in inhibiting colonization and infection of epithelial surfaces by microorganisms and in protecting tissues from neutrophil-mediated damage. Using this information, we briefly discuss hLF in the context of the complex biological fluids in which it is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Alexander
- Laboratory of Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
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