1
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Hifumi E, Ito Y, Tsujita M, Taguchi H, Uda T. Enzymatization of mouse monoclonal antibodies to the corresponding catalytic antibodies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12184. [PMID: 38806597 PMCID: PMC11133420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Catalytic antibodies possess a dual function that enables both antigen recognition and degradation. However, their time-consuming preparation is a significant drawback. This study developed a new method for quickly converting mice monoclonal antibodies into catalytic antibodies using site-directed mutagenesis. Three mice type monoclonal antibodies targeting hemagglutinin molecule of influenza A virus could be transformed into the catalytic antibodies by deleting Pro95 in CDR-3 of the light chain. No catalytic activity was observed for monoclonal antibodies and light chains. In contrast, the Pro95-deleted light chains exhibited a catalytic activity to cleave the antigenic peptide including the portion of conserved region of hemagglutinin molecule. The affinity of the Pro95-deleted light chains to the antigen increased approximately 100-fold compared to the wild-type light chains. In the mutants, three residues (Asp1, Ser92, and His93) come closer to the appropriate position to create the catalytic site and contributing to the enhancement of both catalytic function and immunoreactivity. Notably, the Pro95-deleted catalytic light chains could suppress influenza virus infection in vitro assay, whereas the parent antibody and the light chain did not. This strategy offers a rapid and efficient way to create catalytic antibodies from existing antibodies, accelerating the development for various applications in diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Hifumi
- Institute for Research Management, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita-shi, Oita, 870-1192, Japan.
- Research Center for GLOBAL/LOCAL Infectious Diseases, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita-shi, Oita, 870-1192, Japan.
| | - Yuina Ito
- Institute for Research Management, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita-shi, Oita, 870-1192, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita-shi, Oita, 870-1192, Japan
| | - Moe Tsujita
- Institute for Research Management, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita-shi, Oita, 870-1192, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita-shi, Oita, 870-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Taguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-cho, Suzuka, 510-0293, Japan
| | - Taizo Uda
- Institute for Research Management, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita-shi, Oita, 870-1192, Japan
- Materials Open Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), Fukuoka, 819-0388, Japan
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2
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Timofeeva AM, Shayakhmetova LS, Nikitin AO, Sedykh TA, Matveev AL, Shanshin DV, Volosnikova EA, Merkuleva IA, Shcherbakov DN, Tikunova NV, Sedykh SE, Nevinsky GA. Natural Antibodies Produced in Vaccinated Patients and COVID-19 Convalescents Hydrolyze Recombinant RBD and Nucleocapsid (N) Proteins. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1007. [PMID: 38790969 PMCID: PMC11118737 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are protein molecules whose primary function is to recognize antigens. However, recent studies have demonstrated their ability to hydrolyze specific substrates, such as proteins, oligopeptides, and nucleic acids. In 2023, two separate teams of researchers demonstrated the proteolytic activity of natural plasma antibodies from COVID-19 convalescents. These antibodies were found to hydrolyze the S-protein and corresponding oligopeptides. Our study shows that for antibodies with affinity to recombinant structural proteins of the SARS-CoV-2: S-protein, its fragment RBD and N-protein can only hydrolyze the corresponding protein substrates and are not cross-reactive. By using strict criteria, we have confirmed that this proteolytic activity is an intrinsic property of antibodies and is not caused by impurities co-eluting with them. This discovery suggests that natural proteolytic antibodies that hydrolyze proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus may have a positive impact on disease pathogenesis. It is also possible for these antibodies to work in combination with other antibodies that bind specific epitopes to enhance the process of virus neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Timofeeva
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.E.S.)
- Advanced Engineering School, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Artem O. Nikitin
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.E.S.)
- Advanced Engineering School, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana A. Sedykh
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.E.S.)
| | - Andrey L. Matveev
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.E.S.)
| | - Daniil V. Shanshin
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia (D.N.S.)
| | | | - Iuliia A. Merkuleva
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia (D.N.S.)
| | - Dmitriy N. Shcherbakov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia (D.N.S.)
- Department of Physical-Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Altay State University, 656049 Barnaul, Russia
| | - Nina V. Tikunova
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.E.S.)
- Advanced Engineering School, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey E. Sedykh
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.E.S.)
- Advanced Engineering School, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy A. Nevinsky
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia (S.E.S.)
- Advanced Engineering School, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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3
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Tan S, Li W, Yang C, Zhan Q, Lu K, Liu J, Jin YM, Bai JS, Wang L, Li J, Li Z, Yu F, Li YY, Duan YX, Lu L, Zhang T, Wei J, Li L, Zheng YT, Jiang S, Liu S. gp120-derived amyloidogenic peptides form amyloid fibrils that increase HIV-1 infectivity. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:479-494. [PMID: 38443447 PMCID: PMC11061181 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Apart from mediating viral entry, the function of the free HIV-1 envelope protein (gp120) has yet to be elucidated. Our group previously showed that EP2 derived from one β-strand in gp120 can form amyloid fibrils that increase HIV-1 infectivity. Importantly, gp120 contains ~30 β-strands. We examined whether gp120 might serve as a precursor protein for the proteolytic release of amyloidogenic fragments that form amyloid fibrils, thereby promoting viral infection. Peptide array scanning, enzyme degradation assays, and viral infection experiments in vitro confirmed that many β-stranded peptides derived from gp120 can indeed form amyloid fibrils that increase HIV-1 infectivity. These gp120-derived amyloidogenic peptides, or GAPs, which were confirmed to form amyloid fibrils, were termed gp120-derived enhancers of viral infection (GEVIs). GEVIs specifically capture HIV-1 virions and promote their attachment to target cells, thereby increasing HIV-1 infectivity. Different GAPs can cross-interact to form heterogeneous fibrils that retain the ability to increase HIV-1 infectivity. GEVIs even suppressed the antiviral activity of a panel of antiretroviral agents. Notably, endogenous GAPs and GEVIs were found in the lymphatic fluid, lymph nodes, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AIDS patients in vivo. Overall, gp120-derived amyloid fibrils might play a crucial role in the process of HIV-1 infectivity and thus represent novel targets for anti-HIV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suiyi Tan
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chan Yang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qingping Zhan
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Kunyu Lu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, 650041, China
| | - Yong-Mei Jin
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, 650041, China
| | - Jin-Song Bai
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, 650041, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, 650041, China
| | - Jinqing Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yu-Ye Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yue-Xun Duan
- Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Kunming, 650301, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jiaqi Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lin Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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4
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Jensen MA, Dafoe ML, Wilhelmy J, Cervantes L, Okumu AN, Kipp L, Nemat-Gorgani M, Davis RW. Catalytic Antibodies May Contribute to Demyelination in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Biochemistry 2024; 63:9-18. [PMID: 38011893 PMCID: PMC10765373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Here we report preliminary data demonstrating that some patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatiguesyndrome (ME/CFS) may have catalytic autoantibodies that cause the breakdown of myelin basic protein (MBP). We propose that these MBP-degradative antibodies are important to the pathophysiology of ME/CFS, particularly in the occurrence of white matter disease/demyelination. This is supported by magnetic resonance imagining studies that show these findings in patients with ME/CFS and could explain symptoms of nerve pain and muscle weakness. In this work, we performed a series of experiments on patient plasma samples where we isolated and characterized substrate-specific antibodies that digest MBP. We also tested glatiramer acetate (copaxone), an FDA approved immunomodulator to treat multiple sclerosis, and found that it inhibits ME/CFS antibody digestion of MBP. Furthermore, we found that aprotinin, which is a specific serine protease inhibitor, specifically prevents breakdown of MBP while the other classes of protease inhibitors had no effect. This coincides with the published literature describing catalytic antibodies as having serine protease-like activity. Postpandemic research has also provided several reports of demyelination in COVID-19. Because COVID-19 has been described as a trigger for ME/CFS, demyelination could play a bigger role in patient symptoms for those recently diagnosed with ME/CFS. Therefore, by studying proteolytic antibodies in ME/CFS, their target substrates, and inhibitors, a new mechanism of action could lead to better treatment and a possible cure for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Anthony Jensen
- Stanford
Genome Technology Center, Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Miranda Lee Dafoe
- Stanford
Genome Technology Center, Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Julie Wilhelmy
- Stanford
Genome Technology Center, Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Layla Cervantes
- Stanford
Genome Technology Center, Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Anna N Okumu
- Stanford
Genome Technology Center, Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Lucas Kipp
- Department
of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Mohsen Nemat-Gorgani
- Stanford
Genome Technology Center, Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Ronald Wayne Davis
- Stanford
Genome Technology Center, Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
- Department
of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
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5
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McConnell SA, Sachithanandham J, Mudrak NJ, Zhu X, Farhang PA, Cordero RJB, Wear MP, Shapiro JR, Park HS, Klein SL, Tobian AAR, Bloch EM, Sullivan DJ, Pekosz A, Casadevall A. Spike-protein proteolytic antibodies in COVID-19 convalescent plasma contribute to SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:726-738.e4. [PMID: 37354908 PMCID: PMC10288624 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of antibody-mediated neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 is critical in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on previous reports of antibody catalysis, we investigated the proteolysis of spike (S) by antibodies in COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) and its contribution to viral neutralization. Quenched fluorescent peptides were designed based on S epitopes to sensitively detect antibody-mediated proteolysis. We observed epitope cleavage by CCP from different donors which persisted when plasma was heat-treated or when IgG was isolated from plasma. Further, purified CCP antibodies proteolyzed recombinant S domains, as well as authentic viral S. Cleavage of S variants suggests CCP antibody-mediated proteolysis is a durable phenomenon despite antigenic drift. We differentiated viral neutralization occurring via direct interference with receptor binding from that occurring by antibody-mediated proteolysis, demonstrating that antibody catalysis enhanced neutralization. These results suggest that antibody-catalyzed damage of S is an immunologically relevant function of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A McConnell
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jaiprasath Sachithanandham
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nathan J Mudrak
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xianming Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Parsa Alba Farhang
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Radames J B Cordero
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Maggie P Wear
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Janna R Shapiro
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Han-Sol Park
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Aaron A R Tobian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Evan M Bloch
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - David J Sullivan
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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6
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McNamara RP. Catalytic spike antibodies: A new paradigm in neutralization. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:701-702. [PMID: 37478826 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
In this issue, McConnell et al.10 demonstrate that COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP)-derived antibodies can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 by proteolytically cleaving the spike protein. The CCP antibody-mediated catalysis has broader implications beyond COVID-19 and can be applicable in understanding the mechanism of antibody-based neutralization of different pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P McNamara
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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7
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Yeruva S, Stangner K, Jungwirth A, Hiermaier M, Shoykhet M, Kugelmann D, Hertl M, Egami S, Ishii N, Koga H, Hashimoto T, Weis M, Beckmann BM, Biller R, Schüttler D, Kääb S, Waschke J. Catalytic antibodies in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy patients cleave desmoglein 2 and N-cadherin and impair cardiomyocyte cohesion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:203. [PMID: 37450050 PMCID: PMC10348947 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is a severe heart disease predisposing to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death caused by mutations affecting intercalated disc (ICD) proteins and aggravated by physical exercise. Recently, autoantibodies targeting ICD proteins, including the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein 2 (DSG2), were reported in AC patients and were considered relevant for disease development and progression, particularly in patients without underlying pathogenic mutations. However, it is unclear at present whether these autoantibodies are pathogenic and by which mechanisms show specificity for DSG2 and thus can be used as a diagnostic tool. METHODS AND RESULTS IgG fractions were purified from 15 AC patients and 4 healthy controls. Immunostainings dissociation assays, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Western blot analysis and Triton X-100 assays were performed utilizing human heart left ventricle tissue, HL-1 cells and murine cardiac slices. Immunostainings revealed that autoantibodies against ICD proteins are prevalent in AC and most autoantibody fractions have catalytic properties and cleave the ICD adhesion molecules DSG2 and N-cadherin, thereby reducing cadherin interactions as revealed by AFM. Furthermore, most of the AC-IgG fractions causing loss of cardiomyocyte cohesion activated p38MAPK, which is known to contribute to a loss of desmosomal adhesion in different cell types, including cardiomyocytes. In addition, p38MAPK inhibition rescued the loss of cardiomyocyte cohesion induced by AC-IgGs. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that catalytic autoantibodies play a pathogenic role by cleaving ICD cadherins and thereby reducing cardiomyocyte cohesion by a mechanism involving p38MAPK activation. Finally, we conclude that DSG2 cleavage by autoantibodies could be used as a diagnostic tool for AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Yeruva
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Konstanze Stangner
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Jungwirth
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Hiermaier
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Shoykhet
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolarynology, Technical University of Munich and University Hospital rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Kugelmann
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Hertl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Shohei Egami
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norito Ishii
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koga
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michael Weis
- Krankenhaus Neuwittelsbach, Fachklinik Für Innere Medizin, Munich, Germany
| | - Britt-Maria Beckmann
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ruth Biller
- ARVC-Selbsthilfe E.V, Patient Association, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Schüttler
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modelling and Clinical Transfer (ICON), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modelling and Clinical Transfer (ICON), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Member of the European Reference Network for rare, low prevalance and complex diseases of the heart , ERN GUARD-Heart, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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8
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Obtaining Highly Active Catalytic Antibodies Capable of Enzymatically Cleaving Antigens. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214351. [PMID: 36430828 PMCID: PMC9697424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A catalytic antibody has multiple functions compared with a monoclonal antibody because it possesses unique features to digest antigens enzymatically. Therefore, many catalytic antibodies, including their subunits, have been produced since 1989. The catalytic activities often depend on the preparation methods and conditions. In order to elicit the high catalytic activity of the antibodies, the most preferable methods and conditions, which can be generally applicable, must be explored. Based on this view, systematic experiments using two catalytic antibody light chains, #7TR and H34, were performed by varying the purification methods, pH, and chemical reagents. The experimental results obtained by peptidase activity tests and kinetic analysis, revealed that the light chain's high catalytic activity was observed when it was prepared under a basic condition. These data imply that a small structural modulation of the catalytic antibody occurs during the purification process to increase the catalytic activity while the antigen recognition ability is kept constant. The presence of NaCl enhanced the catalytic activity. When the catalytic light chain was prepared with these preferable conditions, #7TR and H34 hugely enhanced the degradation ability of Amyloid-beta and PD-1 peptide, respectively.
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9
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Timofeeva A, Sedykh S, Nevinsky G. Post-Immune Antibodies in HIV-1 Infection in the Context of Vaccine Development: A Variety of Biological Functions and Catalytic Activities. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030384. [PMID: 35335016 PMCID: PMC8955465 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike many other viruses, HIV-1 is highly variable. The structure of the viral envelope changes as the infection progresses and is one of the biggest obstacles in developing an HIV-1 vaccine. HIV-1 infection can cause the production of various natural autoantibodies, including catalytic antibodies hydrolyzing DNA, myelin basic protein, histones, HIV-integrase, HIV-reverse transcriptase, β-casein, serum albumin, and some other natural substrates. Currently, there are various directions for the development of HIV-1 vaccines: stimulation of the immune response on the mucous membranes; induction of cytotoxic T cells, which lyse infected cells and hold back HIV-infection; immunization with recombinant Env proteins or vectors encoding Env; mRNA-based vaccines and some others. However, despite many attempts to develop an HIV-1 vaccine, none have been successful. Here we review the entire spectrum of antibodies found in HIV-infected patients, including neutralizing antibodies specific to various viral epitopes, as well as antibodies formed against various autoantigens, catalytic antibodies against autoantigens, and some viral proteins. We consider various promising targets for developing a vaccine that will not produce unwanted antibodies in vaccinated patients. In addition, we review common problems in the development of a vaccine against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Timofeeva
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.S.); (G.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-91-32-027-154
| | - Sergey Sedykh
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.S.); (G.N.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy Nevinsky
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.S.); (G.N.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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10
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Hifumi E, Taguchi H, Nonaka T, Harada T, Uda T. Finding and characterizing a catalytic antibody light chain, H34, capable of degrading the PD-1 molecule. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:220-229. [PMID: 34458785 PMCID: PMC8341958 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00155d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint molecule regulating T-cell function. Preventing PD-1 binding to its ligand PD-L1 has emerged as an important tool in immunotherapy. Here, we describe a unique human catalytic antibody light chain, H34, which mediates enzymatic degradation of human PD-1 peptides and recombinant human PD-1 protein and thus functions to prevent the binding of PD-1 with PD-L1. H34 degraded one half of the PD-1 molecules within about 6 h under the experimental conditions. Investigating the acquisition of the catalytic function by H34, which belongs to subgroup I and lacks a Pro95 residue in CDR-3, revealed the importance of this sequence, as a Pro95-reconstituted mutant (H34-Pro95(+)) exhibited very little catalytic activity to cleave PD-1. Interestingly, EDTA inhibited the catalytic activity of H34, which could work as a metallo-protease. Zn2+ or Co2+ ions may work as a cofactor. It is meaningfull that H34 was obtained from the human antibody gene taken from a healthy volunteer, suggesting that we potentially have such unique molecules in our body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Hifumi
- Oita University, Research Promotion Institute 700 Dannoharu Oita-shi Oita 870-1192 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Taguchi
- Suzuka University of Medical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-cho Suzuka 510-0293 Japan
| | - Tamami Nonaka
- Oita University, Research Promotion Institute 700 Dannoharu Oita-shi Oita 870-1192 Japan
| | - Takunori Harada
- Oita University, Faculty of Science & Technology, Division of Applied Chemistry 700 Dannoharu Oita-shi Oita 870-1192 Japan
| | - Taizo Uda
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies (ISIT) 4-1 Kyudai-shinmachi Fukuoka 879-5593 Japan
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11
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Ermakov EA, Nevinsky GA, Buneva VN. Immunoglobulins with Non-Canonical Functions in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disease States. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155392. [PMID: 32751323 PMCID: PMC7432551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulins are known to combine various effector mechanisms of the adaptive and the innate immune system. Classical immunoglobulin functions are associated with antigen recognition and the initiation of innate immune responses. However, in addition to classical functions, antibodies exhibit a variety of non-canonical functions related to the destruction of various pathogens due to catalytic activity and cofactor effects, the action of antibodies as agonists/antagonists of various receptors, the control of bacterial diversity of the intestine, etc. Canonical and non-canonical functions reflect the extreme human antibody repertoire and the variety of antibody types generated in the organism: antigen-specific, natural, polyreactive, broadly neutralizing, homophilic, bispecific and catalytic. The therapeutic effects of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) are associated with both the canonical and non-canonical functions of antibodies. In this review, catalytic antibodies will be considered in more detail, since their formation is associated with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We will systematically summarize the diversity of catalytic antibodies in normal and pathological conditions. Translational perspectives of knowledge about natural antibodies for IVIg therapy will be also discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity
- Antibodies, Bispecific/chemistry
- Antibodies, Bispecific/genetics
- Antibodies, Bispecific/metabolism
- Antibodies, Catalytic/chemistry
- Antibodies, Catalytic/genetics
- Antibodies, Catalytic/metabolism
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/metabolism
- Autoimmune Diseases/genetics
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/pathology
- Autoimmune Diseases/therapy
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/classification
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/metabolism
- Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use
- Immunologic Tests
- Neurodegenerative Diseases/genetics
- Neurodegenerative Diseases/immunology
- Neurodegenerative Diseases/pathology
- Neurodegenerative Diseases/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A. Ermakov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.A.E.); (G.A.N.)
- Novosibirsk State University, Department of Natural Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy A. Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.A.E.); (G.A.N.)
- Novosibirsk State University, Department of Natural Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentina N. Buneva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.A.E.); (G.A.N.)
- Novosibirsk State University, Department of Natural Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(383)-363-51-27; Fax: +7-(383)-363-51-53
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12
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Dimitrov JD, Lacroix-Desmazes S. Noncanonical Functions of Antibodies. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:379-393. [PMID: 32273170 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The typical functions of antibodies are based on linking the process of antigen recognition with initiation of innate immune reactions. With the introduction of modern research technologies and the use of sophisticated model systems, recent years have witnessed the discovery of a number of noncanonical functions of antibodies. These functions encompass either untypical strategies for neutralization of pathogens or exertion of activities that are characteristic for other proteins (cytokines, chaperones, or enzymes). Here, we provide an overview of the noncanonical functions of antibodies and discuss their mechanisms and implications in immune regulation and defense. A better comprehension of these functions will enrich our knowledge of the adaptive immune response and shall inspire the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D Dimitrov
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Sébastien Lacroix-Desmazes
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
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13
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Hifumi E, Taguchi H, Tsuda H, Minagawa T, Nonaka T, Uda T. A new algorithm to convert a normal antibody into the corresponding catalytic antibody. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay6441. [PMID: 32232151 PMCID: PMC7096177 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay6441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over thousands of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been produced so far, and it would be valuable if these mAbs could be directly converted into catalytic antibodies. We have designed a system to realize the above concept by deleting Pro95, a highly conserved residue in CDR-3 of the antibody light chain. The deletion of Pro95 is a key contributor to catalytic function of the light chain. The S35 and S38 light chains have identical amino acid sequences except for Pro95. The former, with Pro95 did not show any catalytic activity, whereas the latter, without Pro95, exhibited peptidase activity. To verify the generality of this finding, we tested another light chain, T99wt, which had Pro95 and showed little catalytic activity. In contrast, a Pro95-deleted mutant enzymatically degraded the peptide substrate and amyloid-beta molecule. These two cases demonstrate the potential for a new method of creating catalytic antibodies from the corresponding mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Hifumi
- Oita University, Research Promotion Institute, 700 Dannoharu, Oita-shi, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Taguchi
- Suzuka University of Medical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-cho, Suzuka 510-0293, Japan
| | - Haruna Tsuda
- Oita University, Research Promotion Institute, 700 Dannoharu, Oita-shi, Oita 870-1192, Japan
- Oita University, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, 700 Dannoharu, Oita-shi, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Minagawa
- Oita University, Research Promotion Institute, 700 Dannoharu, Oita-shi, Oita 870-1192, Japan
- Oita University, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, 700 Dannoharu, Oita-shi, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | - Tamami Nonaka
- Oita University, Research Promotion Institute, 700 Dannoharu, Oita-shi, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | - Taizo Uda
- Oita University, Research Promotion Institute, 700 Dannoharu, Oita-shi, Oita 870-1192, Japan
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), 4-1 Kyudai-shinmachi, Fukuoka 879-5593, Japan
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14
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Catalytic antibody (catabody) platform for age-associated amyloid disease: From Heisenberg's uncertainty principle to the verge of medical interventions. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 185:111188. [PMID: 31783036 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.111188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Quantum mechanics-based design of useful catalytic antibodies (catabodies) failed because of the uncertain structure of the dynamic catalyst-substrate complex. The Catabody Platform emerged from discovery of beneficial germline gene catabodies that hydrolyzed self-proteins by transient covalent pairing of the strong catabody nucleophile with a weak target protein electrophile. Catabodies have evolved by Darwinian natural selection for protection against misfolded self-proteins that threatened survival by causing amyloid disease. Ancient antibody scaffolds upregulate the catalytic activity of the antibody variable (V) domains. Healthy humans universally produce beneficial catabodies specific for at least 3 misfolded self-proteins, transthyretin, amyloid β peptide and tau protein. Catabody are superior to ordinary antibodies because of catalyst reuse for thousands of target destruction cycles with little or no risk of causing inflammation, a must for non-toxic removal of abundant targets such as amyloids. Library mining with electrophilic target analogs (ETAs) isolates therapy-grade catabodies (fast, specific). Ex vivo- and in vivo-verified catabodies specific for the misfolded protein are available to dissolve brain, cardiac and vertebral amyloids. Immunization with ETAs overcomes important ordinary vaccine limitations (no catabody induction, poor immunogenicity of key target epitopes). We conceive electrophilic longevity vaccines that can induce catabody synthesis for long-lasting protection against amyloid disease.
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15
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Hifumi E, Taguchi H, Toorisaka E, Uda T. New technologies to introduce a catalytic function into antibodies: A unique human catalytic antibody light chain showing degradation of β-amyloid molecule along with the peptidase activity. FASEB Bioadv 2019; 1:93-104. [PMID: 32123823 PMCID: PMC6996398 DOI: 10.1096/fba.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of a natural catalytic antibody in 1989, many catalytic antibodies targeting peptides, nucleotides, virus and bacterial proteins, and many molecules have been prepared. Although catalytic antibodies should have features superior to non-catalytic monoclonal antibodies, the reports on catalytic antibodies are far fewer than those on normal (non-catalytic) antibodies. Nowadays, we can obtain any monoclonal antibody we want, which is not the case for catalytic antibodies. To overcome this drawback of catalytic antibodies, much basic research must be done. As one way to attain this purpose, we have been making a protein bank of human antibody light chains, in which the light chains were expressed, purified, and stored for use in screening against many kinds of antigen, to then get clues to introducing a catalytic function in normal antibodies. As the number of stored light chains in the above protein bank has reached the hundreds, in this study, we screened them against amyloid-beta (Aβ), which is well-known as one of the molecules causing Alzheimer's disease. We found two interesting light chains, #7TR and #7GY. The former could degrade both a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-Aβ substrate and Aβ1-40 full peptide. In contrast, #7GY, whose sequence is identical to that of #7TR except for the amino acids at the 29th and 30th positions, did not degrade the FRET-Aβ substrate at all. By using a synthetic substrate, Arg-pNA, the difference between the chemical features of the two light chains was investigated in detail. In addition, we found that the presence of Zn(II) ion hugely influenced the catalytic activity of the #7TR light chain but not #7GY. Through these facts and the discussion, we propose one of the clues to how to put a catalytic function in a normal (non-catalytic) antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Hifumi
- Research Promotion Institute, Oita UniversityOitaJapan
| | - Hiroaki Taguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesSuzuka University of Medical ScienceSuzukaJapan
| | - Eiichi Toorisaka
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Sustainable EngineeringYamaguchi UniversityYamaguchiJapan
| | - Taizo Uda
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Applied ChemistryOita UniversityOitaJapan
- Nanotechnology LaboratoryInstitute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies (ISIT)FukuokaJapan
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16
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Gunter SM, Versteeg L, Jones KM, Keegan BP, Strych U, Bottazzi ME, Hotez PJ, Brown EL. Covalent vaccination with Trypanosoma cruzi Tc24 induces catalytic antibody production. Parasite Immunol 2018; 40:e12585. [PMID: 30132929 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi 24 (Tc24) is a recently described B-cell superantigen (BC-SAg) expressed by all developmental stages of T. cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. BC-SAgs are immunoevasins that interfere with the catalytic response available to a subset of natural antibodies comprising the preimmune (innate) repertoire. Electrophilic modifications of BC-SAgs facilitate the formation of highly energetic covalent reactions favouring B-cell differentiation instead of B-cell downregulation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to convert the inhibitory signals delivered to B-cells with specificity for Tc24 into activating signals after conjugating electrophilic phosphonate groups to recombinant Tc24 (eTc24). Covalent immunization with eTc24 increased the binding affinity between eTc24 and naturally nucleophilic immunoglobulins with specificity for this BC-SAg. Flow cytometric analyses demonstrated that eTc24 but not Tc24 or other electrophilically modified control proteins bound Tc24-specific IgM+ B-cells covalently. In addition, immunization of mice with eTc24 adjuvanted with ISA720 induced the production of catalytic responses specific for Tc24 compared to the abrogation of this response in mice immunized with Tc24/ISA720. eTc24-immunized mice also produced IgMs that bound recombinant Tc24 compared to the binding observed for IgMs purified from non eTc24-immunized controls. These data suggest that eTc24 immunization overrides the immunosuppressive properties of this BC-SAg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Gunter
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Pediatric Tropical Medicine, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Leroy Versteeg
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Pediatric Tropical Medicine, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kathryn M Jones
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Pediatric Tropical Medicine, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Brian P Keegan
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Pediatric Tropical Medicine, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ulrich Strych
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Pediatric Tropical Medicine, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Pediatric Tropical Medicine, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
| | - Peter J Hotez
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Pediatric Tropical Medicine, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Eric L Brown
- Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
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17
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Chen J, Ren R, Yu F, Wang C, Zhang X, Li W, Tan S, Jiang S, Liu S, Li L. A Degraded Fragment of HIV-1 Gp120 in Rat Hepatocytes Forms Fibrils and Enhances HIV-1 Infection. Biophys J 2017; 113:1425-1439. [PMID: 28978437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of the host or viral factors that enhance HIV infection is critical for preventing sexual transmission of HIV. Amyloid fibrils derived from human semen, including semen-derived enhancer of virus infection and semenogelins, enhance HIV-1 infection dramatically in vitro. In this study, we reported that a short-degraded peptide fragment 1 (DPF1) derived from native HIV-1 envelope protein gp120-loaded rat hepatocytes, formed fibrils by self-assembly and thus enhanced HIV-1 infection by promoting the binding of HIV-1 to target cells. Furthermore, DPF1-formed fibrils might be used as a crossing seed to accelerate the formation of semen-derived enhancer of virus infection and semenogelin fibrils. It will be helpful to clarify the viral factors that affect HIV-1 infection. DPF1 as an analog of gp120 containing the critical residues for CD4 binding might be useful for designing of HIV vaccines and developing HIV entry inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Jiangsu Protein Drug Engineering Laboratory, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an, China
| | - Ruxia Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuanxuan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suiyi Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, New York
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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18
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Abstract
The existence of catalytic antibodies has been known for decades. Natural antibodies capable of cleaving nucleic acid, protein, and polysaccharide substrates have been described. Although the discovery of catalytic antibodies initially aroused great interest because of their promise for the development of new catalysts, their enzymatic performance has been disappointing due to low reaction rates. However, in the areas of infection and immunity, where processes often occur over much longer times and involve high antibody concentrations, even low catalytic rates have the potential to influence biological outcomes. In this regard, the presence of catalytic antibodies recognizing host antigens has been associated with several autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, naturally occurring catalytic antibodies to microbial determinants have been correlated with resistance to infection. Recently, there has been substantial interest in harnessing the power of antibody-mediated catalysis against microbial antigens for host defense. Additional work is needed, however, to better understand the prevalence, function, and structural basis of catalytic activity in antibodies. Here we review the available information and suggest that antibody-mediated catalysis is a fertile area for study with broad applications in infection and immunity.
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19
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Hifumi E, Taguchi H, Kato R, Uda T. Role of the constant region domain in the structural diversity of human antibody light chains. FASEB J 2017; 31:1668-1677. [PMID: 28096233 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600819r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Issues regarding the structural diversity (heterogeneity) of an antibody molecule have been the subject of discussion along with the development of antibody drugs. Research on heterogeneity has been extensive in recent years, but no clear solution has been reached. Heterogeneity is also observed in catalytic antibody κ light chains (CLs). In this study, we investigated how the constant region domain of CLs concerns structural diversity because it is a simple and good example for elucidating heterogeneity. By means of cation-exchange chromatography, SDS-PAGE, and 2-dimensional electrophoresis for the CL, multimolecular forms consisting of different electrical charges and molecular sizes coexisted in the solution, resulting in the similar heterogeneity of the full length of CLs. The addition of copper ion could cause the multimolecular forms to change to monomolecular forms. Copper ion contributed greatly to the enrichment of the dimer form of CL and the homogenization of the differently charged CLs. Two molecules of the CL protein bound one copper ion. The binding affinity of the ion was 48.0 μM-1 Several divalent metal ions were examined, but only zinc showed a similar effect.-Hifumi, E., Taguchi, H., Kato, R., Uda, T. Role of the constant region domain in the structural diversity of human antibody light chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Hifumi
- Research Promotion Institute, Oita University, Oita, Japan;
| | - Hiroaki Taguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Kato
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Taizo Uda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, Oita, Japan; and.,Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies, and Nanotechnologies, Fukuoka, Japan
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20
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Bowen A, Wear MP, Cordero RJB, Oscarson S, Casadevall A. A Monoclonal Antibody to Cryptococcus neoformans Glucuronoxylomannan Manifests Hydrolytic Activity for Both Peptides and Polysaccharides. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:417-434. [PMID: 27872188 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.767582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in the 1980s first showed that some natural antibodies were "catalytic" and able to hydrolyze peptide or phosphodiester bonds in antigens. Many naturally occurring catalytic antibodies have since been isolated from human sera and associated with positive and negative outcomes in autoimmune disease and infection. The function and prevalence of these antibodies, however, remain unclear. A previous study suggested that the 18B7 monoclonal antibody against glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), the major component of the Cryptococcus neoformans polysaccharide capsule, hydrolyzed a peptide antigen mimetic. Using mass spectrometry and Förster resonance energy transfer techniques, we confirm and characterize the hydrolytic activity of 18B7 against peptide mimetics and show that 18B7 is able to hydrolyze an oligosaccharide substrate, providing the first example of a naturally occurring catalytic antibody for polysaccharides. Additionally, we show that the catalytic 18B7 antibody increases release of capsular polysaccharide from fungal cells. A serine protease inhibitor blocked peptide and oligosaccharide hydrolysis by 18B7, and a putative serine protease-like active site was identified in the light chain variable region of the antibody. An algorithm was developed to detect similar sites present in unique antibody structures in the Protein Data Bank. The putative site was found in 14 of 63 (22.2%) catalytic antibody structures and 119 of 1602 (7.4%) antibodies with no annotation of catalytic activity. The ability of many antibodies to cleave antigen, albeit slowly, supports the notion that this activity is an important immunoglobulin function in host defense. The discovery of GXM hydrolytic activity suggests new therapeutic possibilities for polysaccharide-binding antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Bowen
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Maggie P Wear
- the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, and
| | - Radames J B Cordero
- the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, and
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- the Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, and
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Taguchi H, Fujita Y, Tsuda Y. Development of an activity-based probe for amyloid β-hydrolyzing antibodies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2210-3. [PMID: 27020301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report developing an activity-based probe containing an amyloid β peptide (Aβ) 17-27 and an electrophilic phosphonate diester at the C-terminus. A probe containing an electrophilic moiety is able to react with the nucleophiles on an antibody or an antibody with proteinase activity. The probe reacted with an Aβ specific monoclonal antibody and formed a covalent complex. The covalent binding also occurred specifically when the probe reacted with serum containing anti-Aβ antibodies. These results suggest that the probe would serve as a powerful tool to isolate Aβ specific antibodies that are capable of Aβ hydrolysis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Taguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3, Minamitamagaki, Suzuka, Mie 513-8670, Japan.
| | - Yoshio Fujita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3, Minamitamagaki, Suzuka, Mie 513-8670, Japan
| | - Yuko Tsuda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan; Cooperative Research Center of Life Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
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22
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Gunter SM, Jones KM, Zhan B, Essigmann HT, Murray KO, Garcia MN, Gorchakov R, Bottazzi ME, Hotez PJ, Brown EL. Identification and Characterization of the Trypanosoma cruzi B-cell Superantigen Tc24. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 94:114-121. [PMID: 26598565 PMCID: PMC4710414 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi causes life-long disease after infection and leads to cardiac disease in 30% of infected individuals. After infection, the parasites are readily detectable in the blood during the first few days before disseminating to infect numerous cell types. Preliminary data suggested that the Tc24 protein that localizes to the T. cruzi membrane during all life stages possesses B-cell superantigenic properties. These antigens facilitate immune escape by interfering with antibody-mediated responses, particularly the avoidance of catalytic antibodies. These antibodies are an innate host defense mechanism present in the naive repertoire, and catalytic antibody–antigen binding results in hydrolysis of the target. We tested the B-cell superantigenic properties of Tc24 by comparing the degree of Tc24 hydrolysis by IgM purified from either Tc24 unexposed or exposed mice and humans. Respective samples were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, silver stained, and the degree of hydrolysis was measured. Data presented in this report suggest that the T. cruzi Tc24 is a B-cell superantigen based on the observations that 1) Tc24 was hydrolyzed by IgM present in serum of unexposed mice and humans and 2) exposure to Tc24 eliminated catalytic activity as early as 4 days after T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric L. Brown
- *Address correspondence to Eric L. Brown, Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler St. Houston, TX 77030. E-mail:
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23
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Odintsova ES, Dmitrenok PS, Baranova SV, Timofeeva AM, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Features of hydrolysis of specific and nonspecific globular proteins and oligopeptides by antibodies against viral integrase from blood of HIV-infected patients. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 80:180-201. [PMID: 25756533 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It was shown previously that, as differentiated from canonical proteases, abzymes against myelin basic protein (MBP) from blood of patients with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus effectively cleaved only MBP, while antibodies (ABs) against integrase (IN) from blood of HIV-infected patients specifically hydrolyzed only IN. In this work, all sites of effective hydrolysis by anti-IN antibodies (IgG and IgM) of 25-mer oligopeptide (OP25) corresponding to MBP were identified using reversed-phase and thin-layer chromatographies and MALDI mass spectrometry. It was found that amino acid sequences of OP25 and other oligopeptides hydrolyzed by anti-MBP abzymes were partially homologous to some fragments of the full sequence of IN. Sequences of IN oligopeptides cleavable by anti-IN abzymes were homologous to some fragments of MBP, but anti-MBP abzymes could not effectively hydrolyze OPs corresponding to IN. The common features of the cleavage sites of OP25 and other oligopeptides hydrolyzed by anti-MBP and anti-IN abzymes were revealed. The literature data on hydrolysis of specific and nonspecific proteins and oligopeptides by abzymes against different protein antigens were analyzed. Overall, the literature data suggest that short OPs, including OP25, mainly interact with light chains of polyclonal ABs, which had lower affinity and specificity to the substrate than intact ABs. However, it seems that anti-IN ABs are the only one example of abzymes capable of hydrolyzing various oligopeptides with high efficiency (within some hours but not days). Possible reasons for the efficient hydrolysis of foreign oligopeptides by anti-IN abzymes from HIV-infected patients are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Odintsova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
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Hifumi E, Matsumoto S, Nakashima H, Itonaga S, Arakawa M, Katayama Y, Kato R, Uda T. A novel method of preparing the monoform structure of catalytic antibody light chain. FASEB J 2015; 30:895-908. [PMID: 26527062 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-276394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Along with the development of antibody drugs and catalytic antibodies, the structural diversity (heterogeneity) of antibodies has been given attention. For >20 yr, detailed studies on the subject have not been conducted, because the phenomenon presents many difficult and complex problems. Structural diversity provides some (or many) isoforms of an antibody distinguished by different charges, different molecular sizes, and modifications of amino acid residues. For practical use, the antibody and the subunits must have a defined structure. In recent work, we have found that the copper (Cu) ion plays a substantial role in solving the diversity problem. In the current study, we used several catalytic antibody light chains to examine the effect of the Cu ion. In all cases, the different electrical charges of the molecule converged to a single charge, giving 1 peak in cation-exchange chromatography, as well as a single spot in 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The Cu-binding site was investigated by using mutagenesis, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscope analysis, and molecular modeling, which suggested that histidine and cysteine residues close to the C-terminus are involved with the binding site. The constant region domain of the antibody light chain played an important role in the heterogeneity of the light chain. Our findings may be a significant tool for preparing a single defined, not multiple, isoform structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Hifumi
- *Research Promotion Institute and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies, and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), Fukuoka, Japan; Graduate School of System Life Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Tottori College of Nursing, Tottori, Japan; and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- *Research Promotion Institute and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies, and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), Fukuoka, Japan; Graduate School of System Life Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Tottori College of Nursing, Tottori, Japan; and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakashima
- *Research Promotion Institute and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies, and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), Fukuoka, Japan; Graduate School of System Life Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Tottori College of Nursing, Tottori, Japan; and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shogo Itonaga
- *Research Promotion Institute and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies, and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), Fukuoka, Japan; Graduate School of System Life Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Tottori College of Nursing, Tottori, Japan; and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mitsue Arakawa
- *Research Promotion Institute and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies, and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), Fukuoka, Japan; Graduate School of System Life Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Tottori College of Nursing, Tottori, Japan; and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Katayama
- *Research Promotion Institute and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies, and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), Fukuoka, Japan; Graduate School of System Life Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Tottori College of Nursing, Tottori, Japan; and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Kato
- *Research Promotion Institute and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies, and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), Fukuoka, Japan; Graduate School of System Life Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Tottori College of Nursing, Tottori, Japan; and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Taizo Uda
- *Research Promotion Institute and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies, and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), Fukuoka, Japan; Graduate School of System Life Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Tottori College of Nursing, Tottori, Japan; and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
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25
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Hifumi E, Arakawa M, Matsumoto S, Yamamoto T, Katayama Y, Uda T. Biochemical features and antiviral activity of a monomeric catalytic antibody light-chain 23D4 against influenza A virus. FASEB J 2015; 29:2347-58. [PMID: 25713031 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-264275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic antibodies have exhibited interesting functions against some infectious viruses such as HIV, rabies virus, and influenza virus in vitro as well as in vivo. In some cases, a catalytic antibody light chain takes on several structures from the standpoint of molecular size (monomer, dimer, etc.) and/or isoelectronic point. In this study, we prepared a monomeric 23D4 light chain by mutating the C-terminal Cys to Ala of the wild-type. The mutated 23D4 molecule took a simple monomeric form, which could hydrolyze synthetic 4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide substrates and a plasmid DNA. Because the monomeric 23D4 light chain suppressed the infection of influenza virus A/Hiroshima/37/2001 in an in vitro assay, the corresponding experiments were conducted in vivo, after the virus strain (which was taken from a human patient) was successfully adapted into BALB/cN Sea mice. In the experiments, a mixture of the monomeric 23D4 and the virus was nasally administered 1) with preincubation and 2) without preincubation. As a result, the monomeric 23D4 clearly exhibited the ability to suppress the influenza virus infection in both cases, indicating a potential drug for preventing infection of the influenza A virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Hifumi
- *Research Promotion Institute, Oita University, Oita-shi, Oita, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-city, Oita, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry; Oita University, Oita-shi, Oita, Japan; Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan; and Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies, Nanotechnology Laboratory, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsue Arakawa
- *Research Promotion Institute, Oita University, Oita-shi, Oita, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-city, Oita, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry; Oita University, Oita-shi, Oita, Japan; Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan; and Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies, Nanotechnology Laboratory, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- *Research Promotion Institute, Oita University, Oita-shi, Oita, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-city, Oita, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry; Oita University, Oita-shi, Oita, Japan; Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan; and Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies, Nanotechnology Laboratory, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Yamamoto
- *Research Promotion Institute, Oita University, Oita-shi, Oita, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-city, Oita, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry; Oita University, Oita-shi, Oita, Japan; Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan; and Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies, Nanotechnology Laboratory, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Katayama
- *Research Promotion Institute, Oita University, Oita-shi, Oita, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-city, Oita, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry; Oita University, Oita-shi, Oita, Japan; Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan; and Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies, Nanotechnology Laboratory, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taizo Uda
- *Research Promotion Institute, Oita University, Oita-shi, Oita, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-city, Oita, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry; Oita University, Oita-shi, Oita, Japan; Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan; and Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies, Nanotechnology Laboratory, Fukuoka, Japan
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26
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Deyev SM, Lebedenko EN, Petrovskaya LE, Dolgikh DA, Gabibov AG, Kirpichnikov MP. Man-made antibodies and immunoconjugates with desired properties: function optimization using structural engineering. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Deficient synthesis of class-switched, HIV-neutralizing antibodies to the CD4 binding site and correction by electrophilic gp120 immunogen. AIDS 2014; 28:2201-11. [PMID: 25022597 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HIV is vulnerable to antibodies that recognize a linear CD4 binding site epitope of gp120 (C), but inducing C-directed antibody synthesis by traditional vaccine principles is difficult. We wished to understand the basis for deficient C-directed antibody synthesis and validate correction of the deficiency by an electrophilic gp120 analog (E-gp120) immunogen that binds B-cell receptors covalently. METHODS Serum antibody responses to a C peptide and full-length gp120 epitopes induced by HIV infection in humans and immunization of mice with gp120 or E-gp120 were monitored. HIV neutralization by monoclonal and variable domain-swapped antibodies was determined from tissue culture and humanized mouse infection assays. RESULTS We describe deficient C-directed IgG but not IgM antibodies in HIV-infected patients and mice immunized with gp120 accompanied by robust synthesis of IgGs to the immunodominant gp120 epitopes. Immunization with the E-gp120 corrected the deficient C-directed IgG synthesis without overall increased immunogenicity of the C or other gp120 epitopes. E-gp120-induced monoclonal IgGs neutralized diverse HIV strains heterologous to the immunogen. A C-directed IgG neutralized HIV more potently compared to its larger IgM counterpart containing the same variable domains, suggesting obstructed access to HIV surface-expressed C. An E-gp120-induced IgG suppressed HIV infection in humanized mice, validating the tissue culture neutralizing activity. CONCLUSION A C-selective physiological defect of IgM→IgG class-switch recombination (CSR) or restricted post-CSR B-cell development limits the functional utility of the humoral immune response to gp120. The E-gp120 immunogen is useful to bypass the restriction and induce broadly neutralizing C-directed IgGs (see Supplemental Video Abstract, http://links.lww.com/QAD/A551).
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28
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Odintsova ES, Dmitrenok PS, Timofeeva AM, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Why specific anti-integrase antibodies from HIV-infected patients can efficiently hydrolyze 21-mer oligopeptide corresponding to antigenic determinant of human myelin basic protein. J Mol Recognit 2014; 27:32-45. [PMID: 24375582 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients possess anti-integrase (IN) catalytic IgGs and IgMs (abzymes), which, unlike canonical proteases, specifically hydrolyze only intact globular IN. Anti-myelin MBP abzymes from patients with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus efficiently hydrolyze only intact MBP. Anti-MBP and anti-IN abzymes do not hydrolyze several other tested control globular proteins. Here, we show that anti-IN abzymes efficiently hydrolyze a 21-mer oligopeptide (OP21) corresponding to one antigenic determinant (AGD) of MBP, whereas anti-MBP abzymes extremely poorly cleave oligopeptides corresponding to AGDs of IN. All sites of IgG-mediated and IgM-mediated proteolysis of OP21 by anti-IN abzymes were found for the first time by a combination of reverse phase and thin layer chromatography and mass spectrometry. Several clustered sites of OP21 cleavage were revealed and compared with the cleavage sites within the complete IN. Several fragments of OP21 had good homology with many fragments of the IN sequence. The active sites of anti-IN abzymes are known to be located on their light chains, whereas heavy chains are responsible for the affinity for protein substrates. Interactions of intact IN with both light and heavy chains of the abzymes provide high affinity for IN and the specificity of its hydrolysis. Our data suggest that OP21 interacts mainly with the light chains of polyclonal anti-IN abzymes, which possess lower affinity and specificity for substrate. The hydrolysis of the non-cognate OP21 oligopeptide may be also less specific than the hydrolysis of the globular IN because in contrast to previously described serine protease-like abzymes against different proteins, anti-IN abzymes possess serine, thiol, acidic, and metal-dependent protease activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena S Odintsova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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29
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Planque SA, Nishiyama Y, Hara M, Sonoda S, Murphy SK, Watanabe K, Mitsuda Y, Brown EL, Massey RJ, Primmer SR, O'Nuallain B, Paul S. Physiological IgM class catalytic antibodies selective for transthyretin amyloid. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:13243-58. [PMID: 24648510 PMCID: PMC4036335 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.557231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide bond-hydrolyzing catalytic antibodies (catabodies) could degrade toxic proteins, but acquired immunity principles have not provided evidence for beneficial catabodies. Transthyretin (TTR) forms misfolded β-sheet aggregates responsible for age-associated amyloidosis. We describe nucleophilic catabodies from healthy humans without amyloidosis that degraded misfolded TTR (misTTR) without reactivity to the physiological tetrameric TTR (phyTTR). IgM class B cell receptors specifically recognized the electrophilic analog of misTTR but not phyTTR. IgM but not IgG class antibodies hydrolyzed the particulate and soluble misTTR species. No misTTR-IgM binding was detected. The IgMs accounted for essentially all of the misTTR hydrolytic activity of unfractionated human serum. The IgMs did not degrade non-amyloidogenic, non-superantigenic proteins. Individual monoclonal IgMs (mIgMs) expressed variable misTTR hydrolytic rates and differing oligoreactivity directed to amyloid β peptide and microbial superantigen proteins. A subset of the mIgMs was monoreactive for misTTR. Excess misTTR was dissolved by a hydrolytic mIgM. The studies reveal a novel antibody property, the innate ability of IgMs to selectively degrade and dissolve toxic misTTR species as a first line immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Planque
- From the Chemical Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- From the Chemical Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Mariko Hara
- From the Chemical Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sari Sonoda
- From the Chemical Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sarah K. Murphy
- From the Chemical Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- From the Chemical Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yukie Mitsuda
- From the Chemical Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Eric L. Brown
- the Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas 77030
| | | | - Stanley R. Primmer
- the Supercentenarian Research Foundation, Lauderhill, Florida 33319, and
| | - Brian O'Nuallain
- the Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Sudhir Paul
- From the Chemical Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
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Peptides derived from HIV-1 gp120 co-receptor binding domain form amyloid fibrils and enhance HIV-1 infection. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:1515-22. [PMID: 24657436 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils play important roles in HIV-1 infection. We found peptides derived from the HIV-1 gp120 co-receptor binding region, which are defined as enhancing peptides (EPs), could form amyloid fibrils and remarkably enhance HIV-1 infection. EPs bound to the virus and promoted the interaction between HIV-1 and target cells. The antiviral efficacy of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) was substantially impaired in the presence of EPs. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) could both inhibit the formation of fibrils composed of EPs and counteract the EP-mediated enhancement of HIV-1 infection. Our findings identify viral derived amyloid fibrils that hold potential for biochemical applications.
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31
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Hifumi E, Fujimoto N, Arakawa M, Saito E, Matsumoto S, Kobayashi N, Uda T. Biochemical features of a catalytic antibody light chain, 22F6, prepared from human lymphocytes. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:19558-68. [PMID: 23677996 PMCID: PMC3707657 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.454579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human antibody light chains belonging to subgroup II of germ line genes were amplified by a seminested PCR technique using B-lymphocytes taken from a human adult infected with influenza virus. Each gene of the human light chains was transferred into the Escherichia coli system. The recovered light chain was highly purified using a two-step purification system. Light chain 22F6 showed interesting catalytic features. The light chain cleaved a peptide bond of synthetic peptidyl-4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide (MCA) substrates, such as QAR-MCA and EAR-MCA, indicating amidase activity. It also hydrolyzed a phosphodiester bond of both DNA and RNA. From the analysis of amino acid sequences and molecular modeling, the 22F6 light chain possesses two kinds of active sites as amidase and nuclease in close distances. The 22F6 catalytic light chain could suppress the infection of influenza virus type A (H1N1) of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells in an in vitro assay. In addition, the catalytic light chain clearly inhibited the infection of the influenza virus of BALB/c mice via nasal administration in an in vivo assay. In the experiment, the titer in the serum of the mice coinfected with the 22F6 light chain and H1N1 virus became considerably lowered compared with that of 22F6-non-coinfected mice. Note that the catalytic light chain was prepared from human peripheral lymphocyte and plays an important role in preventing infection by influenza virus. Considering the fact that the human light chain did not show any acute toxicity for mice, our procedure developed in this study must be unique and noteworthy for developing new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Hifumi
- Research Center for Applied Medical Engineering, Oita University, Dan-noharu 700, Oita-shi, Oita 870-1192, Japan.
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Nishiyama Y, Planque S, Hanson CV, Massey RJ, Paul S. CD4 binding determinant mimicry for HIV vaccine design. Front Immunol 2012; 3:383. [PMID: 23251137 PMCID: PMC3523313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunodominant epitopes expressed by the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 are hypermutable, defeating attempts to develop an effective HIV vaccine. Targeting the structurally conserved gp120 determinant that binds host CD4 receptors (CD4BD) and initiates infection is a more promising route to vaccination, but this has proved difficult because of the conformational flexibility of gp120 and immune evasion mechanisms used by the virus. Mimicking the outer CD4BD conformational epitopes is difficult because of their discontinuous nature. The CD4BD region composed of residues 421–433 (CD4BDcore) is a linear epitope, but this region possesses B cell superantigenic character. While superantigen epitopes are vulnerable to a small subset of spontaneously produced neutralizing antibodies present in humans without infection (innate antibodies), their non-covalent binding to B cell receptors (BCRs) does not stimulate an effective adaptive response from B cells. Covalent binding at naturally occurring nucleophilic sites of the BCRs by an electrophilic gp120 (E-gp120) analog is a promising solution. E-gp120 induces the synthesis of neutralizing antibodies the CD4BDcore. The highly energetic covalent reaction is hypothesized to convert the abortive superantigens–BCR interaction into a stimulatory signal, and the binding of a spatially distinct epitope at the traditional combining site of the BCRs may furnish a second stimulatory signal. Flexible synthetic peptides can detect pre-existing CD4BDcore-specific neutralizing antibodies. However, induced-fit conformational transitions of the peptides dictated by the antibody combining site structure may induce the synthesis of non-neutralizing antibodies. Successful vaccine targeting of the CD4BD will require a sufficiently rigid immunogen that mimics the native epitope conformation and bypasses B cell checkpoints restricting synthesis of the neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- Chemical Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School Houston, TX, USA
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Planque SA, Mitsuda Y, Nishiyama Y, Karle S, Boivin S, Salas M, Morris MK, Hara M, Liao G, Massey RJ, Hanson CV, Paul S. Antibodies to a superantigenic glycoprotein 120 epitope as the basis for developing an HIV vaccine. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:5367-81. [PMID: 23089396 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Failure to induce synthesis of neutralizing Abs to the CD4 binding determinant (CD4BD) of gp120, a central objective in HIV vaccine research, has been alternately ascribed to insufficient immunogen binding to Abs in their germline V region configuration expressed as BCRs, insufficient adaptive mutations in Ab V regions, and conformational instability of gp120. We employed peptide analogs of gp120 residues 421-433 within the CD4BD (CD4BD(core)) to identify Abs produced without prior exposure to HIV (constitutive Abs). The CD4BD(core) peptide was recognized by single-chain Fv fragments from noninfected humans with lupus that neutralized genetically diverse strains belonging to various HIV subtypes. Replacing the framework region (FR) of a V(H)4-family single-chain Fv with the corresponding V(H)3-family FRs from single-chain Fv JL427 improved the CD4BD(core) peptide-binding activity, suggesting a CD4BD(core) binding site outside the pocket formed by the CDRs. Replacement mutations in the FR site vicinity suggested the potential for adaptive improvement. A very small subset of serum CD4BD(core)-specific serum IgAs from noninfected humans without autoimmune disease isolated by epitope-specific chromatography neutralized the virus potently. A CD4BD(core)-specific, HIV neutralizing murine IgM with H and L chain V regions (V(H) and V(L) regions) free of immunogen-driven somatic mutations was induced by immunization with a CD4BD(core) peptide analog containing an electrophilic group that binds B cells covalently. The studies indicate broad and potent HIV neutralization by constitutive Abs as an innate, germline-encoded activity directed to the superantigenic CD4BD(core) epitope that is available for amplification for vaccination against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Planque
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Sapparapu G, Planque S, Mitsuda Y, McLean G, Nishiyama Y, Paul S. Constant domain-regulated antibody catalysis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:36096-104. [PMID: 22948159 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.401075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Some antibodies contain variable (V) domain catalytic sites. We report the superior amide and peptide bond-hydrolyzing activity of the same heavy and light chain V domains expressed in the IgM constant domain scaffold compared with the IgG scaffold. The superior catalytic activity of recombinant IgM was evident using two substrates, a small model peptide that is hydrolyzed without involvement of high affinity epitope binding, and HIV gp120, which is recognized specifically by noncovalent means prior to the hydrolytic reaction. The catalytic activity was inhibited by an electrophilic phosphonate diester, consistent with a nucleophilic catalytic mechanism. All 13 monoclonal IgMs tested displayed robust hydrolytic activities varying over a 91-fold range, consistent with expression of the catalytic functions at distinct levels by different V domains. The catalytic activity of polyclonal IgM was superior to polyclonal IgG from the same sera, indicating that on average IgMs express the catalytic function at levels greater than IgGs. The findings indicate a favorable effect of the remote IgM constant domain scaffold on the integrity of the V-domain catalytic site and provide a structural basis for conceiving antibody catalysis as a first line immune function expressed at high levels prior to development of mature IgG class antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Sapparapu
- Chemical Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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35
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Belogurov A, Smirnov I, Ponomarenko N, Gabibov A. Antibody-antigen pair probed by combinatorial approach and rational design: bringing together structural insights, directed evolution, and novel functionality. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:2966-73. [PMID: 22841717 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The unique hypervariability of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily provides a means to create both binding and catalytic antibodies with almost any desired specificity and activity. The diversity of antigens and concept of adaptive response suggest that it is possible to find an antigen pair to any raised Ig. In the current review we discuss combinatorial approaches, which makes it possible to obtain an antibody with predefined properties, followed by 3D structure-based rational design to enhance or dramatically change its characteristics. A similar strategy, but applied to the second partner of the antibody-antigen pair, may result in selection of complementary substrates to the chosen Ig. Finally, 2D screening may be performed solving the "Chicken and Egg" problem when neither antibody nor antigen is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Belogurov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
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36
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Baranova SV, Buneva VN, Kharitonova MA, Sizyakina LP, Zakharova OD, Nevinsky GA. Diversity of integrase-hydrolyzing IgGs and IgMs from sera of HIV-infected patients. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2012; 76:1300-11. [PMID: 22150275 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297911120030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It was previously shown that small fractions of IgGs and IgMs from the sera of AIDS patients specifically hydrolyze only HIV integrase (IN) but not many other tested proteins. Here we present evidence showing that these IgGs and IgMs are extreme catalytically heterogeneous. Affinity chromatography on IN-Sepharose using elution of IgGs (or IgMs) with different concentration of NaCl and acidic buffer separated catalytic antibodies (ABs) into many AB subfractions demonstrating different values of K(m) for IN and k(cat). Nonfractionated IgGs and IgMs possess serine-, thiol-, acidic-like, and metal-dependent proteolytic activity. Metal-dependent activity of abzymes increases in the presence of ions of different metals. In contrast to canonical proteases having one pH optimum, initial nonfractionated IgGs and IgMs demonstrate several optima at pH from 3 to 10. The data obtained show that IN-hydrolyzing polyclonal IgG and IgM of HIV-infected patients are cocktails of anti-IN ABs with different structure of the active centers possessing various affinity to IN, pH optima, and relative rates of the specific substrate hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Baranova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Lavrentieva 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Delhalle S, Schmit JC, Chevigné A. Phages and HIV-1: from display to interplay. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:4727-4794. [PMID: 22606007 PMCID: PMC3344243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13044727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex hide-and-seek game between HIV-1 and the host immune system has impaired the development of an efficient vaccine. In addition, the high variability of the virus impedes the long-term control of viral replication by small antiviral drugs. For more than 20 years, phage display technology has been intensively used in the field of HIV-1 to explore the epitope landscape recognized by monoclonal and polyclonal HIV-1-specific antibodies, thereby providing precious data about immunodominant and neutralizing epitopes. In parallel, biopanning experiments with various combinatorial or antibody fragment libraries were conducted on viral targets as well as host receptors to identify HIV-1 inhibitors. Besides these applications, phage display technology has been applied to characterize the enzymatic specificity of the HIV-1 protease. Phage particles also represent valuable alternative carriers displaying various HIV-1 antigens to the immune system and eliciting antiviral responses. This review presents and summarizes the different studies conducted with regard to the nature of phage libraries, target display mode and biopanning procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Delhalle
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, CRP-Sante, 84, Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; E-Mails: (J.-C.S.); (A.C.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +352-26970211; Fax: +352-26970221
| | - Jean-Claude Schmit
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, CRP-Sante, 84, Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; E-Mails: (J.-C.S.); (A.C.)
- Service National des Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Luxembourg, 4, rue E. Barblé, L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, CRP-Sante, 84, Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; E-Mails: (J.-C.S.); (A.C.)
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38
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Odintsova ES, Baranova SV, Buneva VN, Calmels C, Parissi V, Andreola ML, Zakharova OD, Nevinsky GA. Catalytic antibodies from HIV-infected patients specifically hydrolyzing viral integrase suppress the enzyme catalytic activities. J Mol Recognit 2012; 24:1067-76. [PMID: 22038813 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase (IN) catalyzes integration of a DNA copy of the viral genome into the host genome. It was shown previously that IN preincubation with various oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) induces formation of dimers and oligomers of different gyration radii; only specific ODNs stimulate the formation of catalytically active dimers. Here we have shown that preincubation of IN with specific and nonspecific ODNs leads to a significant and comparable decrease in its hydrolysis by chymotrypsin, while nonspecific ODNs protect the enzyme from the hydrolysis by trypsin worse than specific ODNs; all ODNs had little effect on the IN hydrolysis by proteinase K. In contrast to canonical proteweases, IgGs from HIV-infected patients specifically hydrolyze only IN. While d(pT)(n) markedly decreased the IgG-dependent hydrolysis of IN, d(pA)(n) and d(pA)(n) •d(pT)(n) demonstrated no detectable protective effect. The best protection from the hydrolysis by IgGs was observed for specific single- and especially double-stranded ODNs. Although IN was considerably protected by specific ODNs, proteolytic IgGs and IgMs significantly suppressed both 3'-processing and integration reaction catalyzed by IN. Since anti-IN IgGs and IgMs can efficiently hydrolyze IN, a positive role of abzymes in counteracting the infection cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena S Odintsova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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39
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A novel molecular analysis of genes encoding catalytic antibodies. Mol Immunol 2012; 50:160-8. [PMID: 22325472 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Among the numerous questions remaining opened about catalytic antibodies (abzymes), the understanding of the origin of the genes encoding them is of vital significance. An original statistical analysis of genes encoding abzymes is described in the present report. Results suggested that these genes display a high conservation degree with their germline counterpart and a limited number of amino acid changes. Hence, on the contrary with high-affinity antibodies, maturation process by accumulation of somatic hypermutations is not required for the catalytic function. We demonstrated that despite a weak somatic mutation rate, the physicochemical properties of mutated amino acid (AA) are predominantly dissimilar with that of the germline AA. Further, we developed a novel approach in order to analyze the nature of genes encoding catalytic antibodies. For the first time, an unexpected and significant high level expression of rare gene subgroups was noticed and emphasized. The data described in this paper would lay the foundation for future studies about origin of genes encoding catalytic antibodies.
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40
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Brown EL, Nishiyama Y, Dunkle JW, Aggarwal S, Planque S, Watanabe K, Csencsits-Smith K, Bowden MG, Kaplan SL, Paul S. Constitutive production of catalytic antibodies to a Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor and effect of infection. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:9940-9951. [PMID: 22303018 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.330043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies that recognize microbial B lymphocyte superantigenic epitopes are produced constitutively with no requirement for adaptive immune maturation. We report cleavage of the Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein (Efb) by catalytic antibodies produced with no exposure to the bacterium and reduction of the catalytic antibody activity following infection. IgG catalytic antibodies that specifically hydrolyzed Efb via a nucleophilic catalytic mechanism were found in the blood of healthy humans and aseptic mice free of S. aureus infection. IgG hydrolyzed peptide bonds on the C-terminal side of basic amino acids, including a bond located within the C3b-binding domain of Efb. Efb digested with the IgG lost its ability to bind C3b and inhibit complement-dependent antibody-mediated red blood cell lysis. In addition to catalysis, the IgG expressed saturable Efb binding activity. IgG from S. aureus-infected mice displayed reduced Efb cleaving activity and increased Efb binding activity compared with uninfected controls, suggesting differing effects of the infection on the antibody subsets responsible for the two activities. IgG from children hospitalized for S. aureus infection also displayed reduced Efb cleavage compared with healthy children. These data suggest a potential defense function for constitutively produced catalytic antibodies to a putative superantigenic site of Efb, but an adaptive catalytic response appears to be proscribed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Brown
- Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas 77030,; Department of Extracellular Matrix Biology, The Texas A&M University Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, Texas 77030, and.
| | - Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jesse W Dunkle
- Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Shreya Aggarwal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Stephanie Planque
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Keri Csencsits-Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - M Gabriela Bowden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sheldon L Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and the Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sudhir Paul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030,.
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41
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Paul S, Planque SA, Nishiyama Y, Hanson CV, Massey RJ. Nature and nurture of catalytic antibodies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 750:56-75. [PMID: 22903666 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3461-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins (antibodies) frequently express constitutive functions. Two such functions are nucleophilic catalysis and the reversible binding to B-cell superantigens. Constitutive or "naturally-occurring" antibodies are produced spontaneously from germline genetic information. The antibody structural elements mediating the constitutive functions have originated over millions of years of phylogenic evolution, contrasting with antigen-driven, somatic sequence diversification of the complementarity determining regions (CDR) that underlies the better-known high affinity antigen binding function of antibodies. Often, the framework regions (FRs) play a dominant role in antibody constitutive functions. Catalytic antibody subsets with promiscuous, autoantigen-directed and microbe-directed specificities have been identified. Mucosal antibodies may be specialized to express high-level catalytic activity against microbes transmitted by the mucosal route, exemplified by constitutive production of IgA class antibodies in mucosal secretions that catalyze the cleavage of HIV gp120. Catalytic specificity can be gained by constitutive noncovalent superantigen binding at the FRs and by adaptive development of noncovalent classical antigen or superantigen binding, respectively, at the CDRs and FRs. Growing evidence suggests important functional roles for catalytic antibodies in homeostasis, autoimmune disease and protection against infection. Adaptive antibody responses to microbial superantigens are proscribed underphysiological circumstances. Covalent electrophilic immunogen binding to constitutively expressed nucleophilic sites in B-cell receptors bypasses the restriction on adaptive antibody production, and simultaneous occupancy of the CDR binding site by a stimulatory antigenic epitope can also overcome the downregulatory effect of superantigen binding at the FRs. These concepts may be useful for developing novel vaccines that capitalize and improve on constitutive antibody functions for protection against microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Paul
- Chemical Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Texas, USA.
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42
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Hifumi E, Honjo E, Fujimoto N, Arakawa M, Nishizono A, Uda T. Highly efficient method of preparing human catalytic antibody light chains and their biological characteristics. FASEB J 2011; 26:1607-15. [PMID: 22205784 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-195339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of catalytic antibody research is to develop new patient therapies that use the advantages offered by human catalytic antibodies. The establishment of a high-throughput method for obtaining valuable candidate catalytic antibodies must be accelerated to achieve this objective. In this study, based on our concept that we can find antibody light chains with a high probability of success if they include a serine protease-like catalytic triad composed of Ser, His, and Asp on a variable region of the antibody structure, we amplified and cloned DNAs encoding human antibody light chains from germline genes of subgroup II by seminested PCR using two primer sets designed for this purpose. Seven DNA fragments encoding light chains in 17 clones were derived from germline gene A18b, 6 DNA fragments from A3/A19, 2 DNA fragments from A17, and a clone DNA fragment from A5 and O11/O1. All light chains expressed in Escherichia coli and highly purified under nondenaturing conditions exhibited amidolytic activity against synthetic peptides. Some of the light chains exhibited unique features that suppressed the infectious activity of the rabies virus. Furthermore, the survival rate of mice in which a lethal level of the rabies virus was coinoculated directly into the brain with light chain 18 was significantly improved. In the case of humans, these results demonstrate that high-throughput selection of light chains possessing catalytic functions and specificity for a target molecule can be attained from a light-chain DNA library amplified from germline genes belonging to subgroup II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Hifumi
- Research Center for Applied Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, 700 Dan-noharu, Oita-shi, Oita 870-1192, Japan
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43
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Hifumi E, Takao SI, Fujimoto N, Uda T. Catalytic and biochemical features of a monoclonal antibody heavy chain, JN1-2, raised against a synthetic peptide with a hemagglutinin molecule of influenza virus. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:15015-24. [PMID: 21861493 DOI: 10.1021/ja203922r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It has long been an important issue to produce a catalytic antibody that possesses the ability to lose the infectivity of a bacteria or virus. The monoclonal antibody JN1-2 was generated using a synthetic peptide (TGLRNGITNKVNSVIEKAA) conjugated with human IgG. The peptide sequence includes the conserved region of the hemagglutinin molecule (HA(1) and HA(2) domains), which locates on the envelope of the influenza virus and plays an important role in influenza A virus infection. The monoclonal antibody specifically reacted with the HA2 domain, not only of H2 but also of an H1 strain of the H1N1 subtype (H1 strain). The heavy chain (JN1-2-H) isolated from the parent antibody showed catalytic activity cleaving the above antigenic peptide with very high turnover (kcat = 26 min(-1)), and it could slowly degrade the recombinant HA(2) domain by the catalytic function. Interestingly, the heavy chain exhibited the ability to reduce the infectivity of type A H1N1 but not type B, indicating specificity to type A. This characteristic monoclonal catalytic antibody heavy chain could suppress the infection of the influenza virus in vitro assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Hifumi
- Research Center for Applied Medical Engineering, Oita University, Oita-shi, Oita, Japan
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44
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Zein HS, El-Sehemy AA, Fares MO, ElHefnawi M, Teixeira da Silva JA, Miyatake K. Generation, characterization, and docking studies of DNA-hydrolyzing recombinant Fab antibodies. J Mol Recognit 2011; 24:862-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Kamalanathan AS, Goulvestre C, Weill B, Vijayalakshmi MA. Proteolysis activity of IgM antibodies from rheumatoid arthritis patients' sera: evidence of atypical catalytic site. J Mol Recognit 2011; 23:577-82. [PMID: 21031477 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The IgM antibodies from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients' sera were screened for peptide hydrolyzing activity. Recovery of structurally intact IgM antibodies (Abs), in a single step, was achieved using a weak anion-exchange methacrylate monolith disk. The IgM Abs from patients' sera hydrolyzed the Pro-Phe-Arg-4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide (PFR-MCA) substrate appreciably compared to the healthy donors. The apparent K(m) values of IgM Abs from patients' sera were between 0.4 and 0.7 mM. Furthermore, IgM Abs displayed 5 to 10-folds greater proteolysis activity than IgG Abs, recovered from the same pathological serum. The proteolysis activity, as a function, was found to be independent of IgM-RF titer value. Affinity labeling approach targeted at the catalytic site histidine was studied, using a specific irreversible inhibitor, N-α-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK). Despite modification of catalytic His, observation of serine protease like activity suggest presence of an atypical catalytic framework in a few pathological IgM Abs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Kamalanathan
- Centre for BioSeparation Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
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46
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Paul S, Planque S, Nishiyama Y, Escobar M, Hanson C. Back to the future: covalent epitope-based HIV vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2010; 9:1027-43. [PMID: 20822346 DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Traditional HIV vaccine approaches have proved ineffective because the immunodominant viral epitopes are mutable and the conserved epitopes necessary for infection are not sufficiently immunogenic. The CD4 binding site expressed by the HIV envelope protein of glycoprotein 120 is essential for viral entry into host cells. In this article, we review the B-cell superantigenic character of the CD4 binding site as the cause of its poor immunogenicity. We summarize evidence supporting development of covalent immunization as the first vaccine strategy with the potential to induce an antibody response to a conserved HIV epitope that neutralizes genetically divergent HIV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Paul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, 6431 Fannin, MSB 2.230A, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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47
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Hifumi E, Higashi K, Uda T. Catalytic digestion of human tumor necrosis factor-α by antibody heavy chain. FEBS J 2010; 277:3823-32. [PMID: 20718866 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It has long been an important task to prepare a catalytic antibody capable of digesting a targeting crucial protein that controls specific life functions. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a cytokine and an important molecule concerned with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and Crohn's disease. A mAb (ETNF-6 mAb) raised against human TNF-α was prepared, and the steric conformation was created by using molecular modeling after the cDNA was sequenced. The heavy chain (ETNF-6-H) of the mAb was considered to possess a catalytic triad-like structure in the complementarity determining regions (CDRs). As a result, ETNF-6-H exhibited a peptidase and a protease activity. In fact, ETNF-6-H predominantly cleaved the Ser5-Arg6 bond of TNF-α at the first step, resulting in the generation of a fragment of ∼ 17 kDa. This fragment was digested to a smaller molecule of 15 kDa by scission of the Gln21-Ala22 bond. The intermediate product was further converted into a fragment of 13.3 kDa by successive cleavage of the Leu36-Leu37 and Asn39-Gly40 bonds. The heavy chain possessed a protease activity against TNF-α with a multicleavage site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Hifumi
- Research Center for Applied Medical Engineering, Oita University, Oita, Japan
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48
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Paul S, Planque S, Nishiyama Y. Beneficial catalytic immunity to abeta peptide. Rejuvenation Res 2010; 13:179-87. [PMID: 20370602 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2009.0958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We review attempts to treat Alzheimer disease with antibodies that bind amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) and the feasibility of developing catalytic antibodies for this purpose. Naturally occurring immunoglobulin M (IgM) class antibodies that hydrolyze Abeta and inhibit Abeta aggregation were identified. The production of these antibodies increases as a function of age, ostensibly reflecting an attempt by the immune system to protect against the deleterious effect of Abeta accumulation in old age. A search for catalytic antibodies in a library of human immunoglobulins variable (IgV) domains yielded catalysts that hydrolyzed Abeta specifically at exceptionally rapid rates. The catalytic IgVs contained the light-chain variable domains within scaffolds that are structurally reminiscent of phylogenetically ancient antibodies. Inclusion of the heavy-chain variable domain in the IgV constructs resulted in reduced catalysis. We present our view that catalytic antibodies are likely to emerge as more efficacious and safer immunotherapy reagents compared to traditional Abeta-binding antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Paul
- Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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49
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Baranova SV, Buneva VN, Kharitonova MA, Sizyakina LP, Calmels C, Andreola ML, Parissi V, Zakharova OD, Nevinsky GA. HIV-1 integrase-hydrolyzing IgM antibodies from sera of HIV-infected patients. Int Immunol 2010; 22:671-80. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxq051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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50
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Molecular analysis of multicatalytic monoclonal antibodies. Mol Immunol 2010; 47:1747-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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