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Hossain MM, Cho SB, Kim IH. Strategies for reducing noxious gas emissions in pig production: a comprehensive review on the role of feed additives. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 66:237-250. [PMID: 38628679 PMCID: PMC11016746 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2024.e15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The emission of noxious gases is a significant problem in pig production, as it can lead to poor production, welfare concerns, and environmental pollution. The noxious gases are the gasses emitted from the pig manure that contribute to air pollution. The increased concentration of various harmful gasses can pose health risks to both animals and humans. The major gases produced in the pig farm include methane, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, ammonia, sulfur dioxide and volatile fatty acids, which are mainly derived from the fermentation of undigested or poorly digested nutrients. Nowadays research has focused on more holistic approaches to obtain a healthy farm environment that helps animal production. The use of probiotics, prebiotics, dietary enzymes, and medicinal plants in animal diets has been explored as a means of reducing harmful gas emissions. This review paper focuses on the harmful gas emissions from pig farm, the mechanisms of gas production, and strategies for reducing these emissions. Additionally, various methods for reducing gas in pigs, including probiotic interventions; prebiotic interventions, dietary enzymes supplementation, and use of medicinal plants and organic acids are discussed. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge on reducing noxious gas in pigs and offers valuable insights for pig producers, nutritionists, and researchers working in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mortuza Hossain
- Department of Animal Resource and Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Sung Bo Cho
- Department of Animal Resource and Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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Al-Ghamdi ES. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, and blood biochemical indices of broilers affected by dietary organic acids blend's supplementation. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:2059-2064. [PMID: 35499521 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2068025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to explore the influence of organic acids cocktail (lactic-L plus formic-F acid, LF) in broiler diets on feed utilization, growth rate, blood indices and carcass traits. A total of 300 chicks were used and allotted to five treatment groups. The rations contained 0 additives (negative control-NC), basal diet + 0.5 g Colistin® (positive control-PC); LF2, LF4 and LF6: basal diet + 2, 4 and 6 cm3 LF/kg diet, respectively. There were no differences in feed consumption and feed conversion due to LF treatments at all ages except FI at 1-2 wks of age which was significantly affected by gradual levels of LF (p < 0.05). All carcass traits were statistically significant (p < 0.05) differed due to LF treatments. The alterations in urea, creatinine total protein, globulin and albumin in addition to the activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in broiler chicks were significantly different when compared to controls. Malondialdehyde (MDA) slightly decreased with an increase in the level of formic plus lactic. Based on our results, the highest and middle levels (6 and 4 cm3 LF/kg diet) are recommended for the best performance and health aspects of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etab Saleh Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdualziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Lin Z, Yang G, Zhang M, Yang R, Wang Y, Guo P, Zhang J, Wang C, Liu Q, Gao Y. Dietary Supplementation of Mixed Organic Acids Improves Growth Performance, Immunity, and Antioxidant Capacity and Maintains the Intestinal Barrier of Ira Rabbits. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3140. [PMID: 37835746 PMCID: PMC10571528 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mixed organic acids (MOAs) on growth performance, immunity, antioxidants, intestinal digestion, and barrier function in Ira rabbits. A total of 192 weaned male Ira rabbits at 35 days of age were randomly assigned to four groups with six replicates of eight rabbits each. The rabbits in the control group (CON) were fed a basal diet, and the antibiotic group (SAL) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 60 mg/kg salinomycin. The test groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg MOAs (MOA1 and MOA2, respectively). The experiment lasted for 55 days. The results showed that the ADG of Ira rabbits in the SAL group and MOA1 group was higher than that in the CON group (p < 0.05). The serum IL-6 and liver MDA levels of Ira rabbits in the SAL group, MOA1 group, and MOA2 group were lower than those in the CON group (p < 0.05). In addition, sIgA levels in the jejunal mucosa of Ira rabbits in the SAL group and MOA1 group were increased compared with those in the CON group (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the gene expression of IL-6 was decreased (p < 0.05) in the jejunal mucosa of Ira rabbits in the SAL, MOA1, and MOA2 groups, while the gene expression of IL-1β tended to decrease (p = 0.077) and the IL-10 content tended to increase (p = 0.062). Moreover, the gene expression of ZO-1 in the jejunal mucosa of Ira rabbits was elevated in the MOA1 group compared with the CON group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with MOAs can improve growth performance, enhance immune function and antioxidant capacity, and maintain the intestinal barrier in weaned Ira rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qinghua Liu
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.L.); (G.Y.); (M.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.W.); (P.G.); (J.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Yuyun Gao
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.L.); (G.Y.); (M.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.W.); (P.G.); (J.Z.); (C.W.)
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Daneshmand A, Sharma NK, Kheravii SK, Hall L, Wu SB. Buffered formic acid and a monoglyceride blend improve performance and modulate gut bacteria and immunity gene expression in broilers under necrotic enteritis challenge. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102978. [PMID: 37598553 PMCID: PMC10458320 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the removal of antibiotics from animal feed, alternatives have been sought to control necrotic enteritis (NE) in broilers. The current study investigated the effects of buffered formic acid (Amasil NA) and monoglycerides of short- and medium-chain fatty acids (Balangut LS P) on the performance and gut health of broilers challenged with NE. A total of 816 as-hatched 1-d-old chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly assigned to 6 treatments with 8 replicates. Treatments were: T1) nonchallenged control; T2) NE challenged control; T3) Amasil NA (challenge plus Amasil NA, 0.3% throughout all phases); T4) Balangut LS P (challenge plus Balangut LS P, 0.5%, 0.3%, and 0.2% in the starter, grower and finisher phases, respectively; T5) Combined (challenge plus combination of T3 and T4); T6) Antibiotic (challenge plus Zn bacitracin, 0.05 % throughout all phases). Birds were orally gavaged with live Eimeria vaccine species (d 9) and with Clostridium perfringens (d 14 and 15). On d 16, birds were sampled to evaluate gut permeability, microbiota, and mRNA abundance in the jejunum. The data were analyzed in JMP software using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's test to separate means, and Kruskal-Wallis test was used for non-normally-distributed parameters. Results showed that Balangut LS P decreased (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio compared to nonchallenged ones at the end of the study. Balangut LS P reduced (P < 0.05) the level of cecal Bacteriods compared to nonchallenged group, whereas Amasil NA shifted the levels of ileal Bifidobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Lactobacillus towards nonchallenged control (P > 0.05). NE challenge upregulated (P < 0.001) the expression of IL-21R, zeta chain of T cell receptor (ZAP70), and dual specificity phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) compared to nonchallenged birds, whereas Balangut LS P showed an intermediate (P > 0.05) expression pattern of these genes towards nonchallenged and antibiotic groups. In conclusion, combination of Balangut LS P and Amasil NA has the potential to be used as an additive to improve the performance and gut health of broiler chickens, especially under challenging conditions such as NE infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Daneshmand
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351 Australia
| | - Nishchal K Sharma
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351 Australia
| | - Sarbast K Kheravii
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351 Australia
| | - Leon Hall
- BASF Australia Ltd, 12/28 Freshwater Place, Southbank, VIC 3006, Australia
| | - Shu-Biao Wu
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351 Australia.
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Alexyuk P, Bogoyavlenskiy A, Alexyuk M, Akanova K, Moldakhanov Y, Berezin V. Isolation and Characterization of Jumbo Coliphage vB_EcoM_Lh1B as a Promising Therapeutic Agent against Chicken Colibacillosis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1524. [PMID: 37375026 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colibacillosis in chickens can cause the death of young stock, decrease weight gain and lead to significant economic losses. Currently, antibiotic therapy is the main method of treatment of infected animals, but unchecked use of antibiotics has led to widespread antibiotic resistance among microorganisms. Therefore, it is necessary to develop alternative methods of treating bacterial infections that are fully consistent with the One Health concept and introduce them into practice. Phage therapy meets the specified requirements perfectly. This study describes the isolation and characterization of the lytic jumbo phage vB_EcoM_Lh1B and evaluates its potential use in controlling antibiotic-resistant E. coli infection in poultry. The complete phage genome is 240,200 bp long. Open reading frame (ORF) prediction shows that the phage genome does not contain genes encoding antibiotic resistance and lysogeny factors. Based on phylogenetic and electron microscopic analysis, vB_EcoM_Lh1B belongs to the group of myoviruses of the Seoulvirus genus of the Caudoviricetes class. The bacteriophage has good resistance to a wide range of pH and temperatures and has the ability to suppress 19 out of 30 studied pathogenic E. coli strains. The biological and lytic properties of the isolated vB_EcoM_Lh1B phage make it a promising target of further study as a therapeutic agent against E. coli infections in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Alexyuk
- Laboratory of Antiviral Protection, Department of Virology, Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Bogenbai Batyr Street 105, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan
| | - Andrey Bogoyavlenskiy
- Laboratory of Antiviral Protection, Department of Virology, Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Bogenbai Batyr Street 105, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan
| | - Madina Alexyuk
- Laboratory of Antiviral Protection, Department of Virology, Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Bogenbai Batyr Street 105, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan
| | - Kuralay Akanova
- Laboratory of Antiviral Protection, Department of Virology, Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Bogenbai Batyr Street 105, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan
| | - Yergali Moldakhanov
- Laboratory of Antiviral Protection, Department of Virology, Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Bogenbai Batyr Street 105, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan
| | - Vladimir Berezin
- Laboratory of Antiviral Protection, Department of Virology, Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Bogenbai Batyr Street 105, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan
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Chen J, Xia Y, Hu Y, Zhao X, You J, Zou T. A blend of formic acid, benzoic acid, and tributyrin alleviates ETEC K88-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction by regulating intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota in a murine model. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109538. [PMID: 36502593 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of an organic acid (OA) blend on intestinal barrier function, intestinal inflammation, and gut microbiota in mice challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC K88). Ninety female Kunming mice (7 weeks old) were randomly allotted to five treatments with six replicates per treatment and three mice per replicate. The five treatments were composed of the non-ETEC K88 challenge group and ETEC K88 challenge + OA blend groups (0, 0.6 %, 1.2 %, and 2.4 % OA blend). The OA blend consisted of 47.5 % formic acid, 47.5 % benzoic acid, and 5 % tributyrin. The feeding trial lasted for 15 days, and mice were intraperitoneally injected with PBS or ETEC K88 solution on day 15. At 24 h post-challenge, one mouse per replicate was selected for sample collection. The results showed that a dosage of 0.6 % OA blend alleviated the ETEC K88-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction, as indicated by the elevated villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of jejunum, and the reduced serum diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactate levels, as well as the up-regulated mRNA levels of ZO-1, Claudin-1, and Occludin in jejunum mucosa of mice. Furthermore, dietary addition with 0.6 % OA blend decreased ETEC K88-induced inflammation response, as suggested by the decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels, and the increased IgA level in the serum, as well as the down-regulated mRNA level of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, TLR-4, MyD88, and MCP-1 in jejunum mucosa of mice. Regarding gut microbiota, the beta-diversity analysis revealed a remarkable clustering between the 0.6 % OA blend group and the ETEC K88 challenge group. Supplementation of 0.6 % OA blend decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes, and increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidota, Desulfobacterota, and Verrucomicrobiota of colonic digesta in mice. Also, the butyric acid content in the colonic digesta of mice was increased by dietary 0.6 % OA blend supplementation. Collectively, a dosage of 0.6 % OA blend could alleviate the ETEC K88-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction by regulating intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yingying Xia
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Youjun Hu
- Guangdong Nuacid Biotech Co., Ltd, Qingyuan 511500, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhao
- Guangdong Nuacid Biotech Co., Ltd, Qingyuan 511500, China
| | - Jinming You
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Tiande Zou
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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Amini M, Zadeh-Hashem E, Allymehr M. Assessment of the effect of kinetin against formic acid toxicity in chicken embryo model. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:238-247. [PMID: 35288998 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate the in ovo injection of formic acid (FA) on hatchability rate (HR; Experiment 1) and the potential ameliorative role of kinetin concurrent with FA on biochemical parameters of hatched broilers (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, live embryonated eggs (n = 280; Day 4 of incubation) were in ovo injected with 0.03, 0.06, 0.125, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 m m FA. In Experiment 2, intra-yolk-sac administration of toxic doses of FA (2 m m) concurrent with kinetin at 50, 100 or 200 µ m were evaluated on hatched embryos. The amount of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total nitrate-nitrite (TNN), total lipid hydroperoxide (TLHP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was measured in serum, liver, heart and brain tissues. The results revealed that injection of 2 mM FA significantly increased mortality compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Concurrent administration of 50 or 100 µ m kinetin + 2 m m FA increased HR to 10% and 20% compared to the FA-alone-treated group, respectively. Intra-yolk-sac-received FA group showed greater amounts of MDA, TLHP and TNN and lesser amounts of TAC and SOD activity in serum and tissue samples of liver, heart and brain compared to control groups (p < 0.001). In comparison to the FA-alone-treated group, all doses of kinetin were able to increase the TAC levels in serum and tissue samples when administered concurrently with FA. The doses of 50 and 100 µ m kinetin were efficacious to ameliorate the toxic role of FA injection on SOD activities (p < 0.001). Co-injection of 100 µ m kinetin plus FA significantly reduced the amounts of MDA, TNN and TLHP in measured samples compared to the FA-alone-injected group (p < 0.001). Our results indicated that kinetin (especially at 100 µ m doses) would ameliorate the toxic effects of FA on developing live chicken embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Amini
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Elham Zadeh-Hashem
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Manoochehr Allymehr
- Department of Poultry Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Aliverdi‐Nasab K, Zhandi M, Yousefi AR, Zahedi V, Rafieian‐Naeini HR. The effect of acidifier supplementation on egg production performance and intestinal histology of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Vet Med Sci 2022; 9:263-271. [PMID: 36520666 PMCID: PMC9857003 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acidifier are substances with antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial, performance and health benefits that are frequently employed in feed acidification, especially in poultry diet. Meanwhile, the most important factor for acidifier efficiency is the proportion of different acids in the final product. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of a commercial acidifier on egg production and histology of the small intestine in laying Japanese quail. METHODS One-hundred and sixty female quails at 15 weeks of age were divided into four groups and fed basal diet supplemented with different levels of acidifier (0, 1, 2 and 3 gr acidifier/kg of basal diet) for 8 weeks. Egg production, egg quality attributes and body weight (BW) were measured every 2 weeks. Histology of the small intestine and bacterial population of cecum as well as pH of crop, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum contents were also investigated at the end of the experiment. RESULTS Feed conversion ratio (FCR), yolk height, shell thickness, pH of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum; duodenum, villus width (VW), villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD); jejunum VH, VW and ileum VH to CD ratio (VCR) were linearly improved by the increasing levels of acidifier supplementation (P < 0.05). Duodenum VH increased in a linear and quadratic manner in response to increasing levels of acidifier. Egg weight, yolk diameter, jejunum CD, ileum CD, ileum VW, duodenum CD and jejunum VCR quadratically improved by grading levels of acidifier (P < 0.01). BW, albumen height, Haugh unit, ileum VH and ileum VCR were cubically enhanced (P < 0.05). Acidifier supplementation enhanced egg production, FCR, jejunum, ileum and cecum pH and VH, CD and VW of duodenum and jejunum, compared to the control group (P < 0.05); however, dietary acidifier did not affect egg mass, gizzard pH, ileum VH and bacterial count of the cecum (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, as calculated, the supplementation of 1 and 2.6 g acidifier per kg of diet was associated with beneficial effects on egg production and quality, gastrointestinal tract pH and histology of the small intestine in laying quails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Aliverdi‐Nasab
- Department of Animal ScienceCollege of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, AlborzKarajIran
| | - Mahdi Zhandi
- Department of Animal ScienceCollege of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, AlborzKarajIran
| | - Ali Reza Yousefi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental AnimalsRazi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)KarajIran
| | - Vahid Zahedi
- Department of Animal ScienceCollege of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, AlborzKarajIran
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Effects of Fulvic Acids on Gut Barrier, Microbial Composition, Fecal Ammonia Emission and Growth Performance in Broiler Chickens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2022.100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Zhang M, Li Q, Wang J, Sun J, Xiang Y, Jin X. Aflatoxin B1 disrupts the intestinal barrier integrity by reducing junction protein and promoting apoptosis in pigs and mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114250. [PMID: 36334341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the growing diversity and complexity of diet, animals and humans are at risk of exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), which is a well-known contaminant in the food chain that causes various toxicological effects. The intestine acts as the first barrier against external contaminants, but the effect of AFB1 on intestinal barrier has not been determined. This study aimed to evaluate AFB1 on the intestinal barrier function in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, porcine jejunal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) were treated with increasing concentrations of AFB1 (10-60 mg/L). In vivo, Kunming (KM) mice were used as controls or gavaged with 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (110 mg/kg b.w.) and AFB1 (0.3 mg/kg b.w.) for 28 days. In IPEC-J2 cells, the cell viability decreased with increasing mycotoxin concentrations, and the viability of IPEC-J2 cells decreased significantly (P < 0.05) when the AFB1 concentrations were greater than 30 mg/L. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence results show that AFB1 can downregulate the tight junction proteins and increase the expression levels of Caspase-3 and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, suggesting that AFB1 was cytotoxic to IPEC-J2. In vivo, the ratio of villus height to crypt depth, the intestinal wall thickness, the number of intestinal villus per 1000 µm in the jejunum, the expression levels of ZO-1, Claudin-3, Occludin, MUC2, and Caspase-3, and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 were significantly affected in mice exposed to AFB1. In vitro and in vivo results showed that the effects of exposure to AFB1 on the intestinal function in the jejunum of KM mice and in the IPEC-J2 was similar, suggesting that AFB1 may adversely affect animal intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Qinghao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Juan Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Yuqiang Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Xin Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China.
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Dietary organic acids ameliorate high stocking density stress-induced intestinal inflammation through the restoration of intestinal microbiota in broilers. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:124. [PMID: 36372893 PMCID: PMC9661804 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High stocking density (HSD) stress has detrimental effects on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and intestinal microbiota in intensive animal production. Organic acids (OA) are widely used as feed additives for their ability to improve growth performance and intestinal health in poultry. However, whether dietary OA can ameliorate HSD stress-induced impaired intestinal barrier in broilers remains elusive. In this study, a total of 528 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated into 3 treatments with 12 replicates per treatment including 10 birds for normal stocking density and 17 birds for HSD. The dietary treatments were as follows: 1) Normal stocking density + basal diet; 2) HSD + basal diets; 3) HSD + OA. Results HSD stress can induce increased levels of serum corticosterone, lipopolysaccharides, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and down-regulated mRNA expression of ZO-1, resulting in compromised growth performance of broilers (P < 0.05). Dietary OA could significantly reduce levels of serum corticosterone, lipopolysaccharides, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α, which were accompanied by up-regulated interleukin-10, mRNA expression of ZO-1, and growth performance (P < 0.05). Moreover, OA could down-regulate the mRNA expression of TLR4 and MyD88 to inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway (P < 0.05). Additionally, HSD stress significantly decreased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and disturbed the balance of microbial ecosystems, whereas OA significantly increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and restored the disordered gut microbiota by reducing competitive and exploitative interactions in microbial communities (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, OA significantly increased the content of acetic and butyric acids, which showed significant correlations with intestinal inflammation indicators (P < 0.05). Conclusions Dietary OA ameliorated intestinal inflammation and growth performance of broilers through restoring the disordered gut microbial compositions and interactions induced by HSD and elevating short-chain fatty acid production to inhibit the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings demonstrated the critical role of intestinal microbiota in mediating the HSD-induced inflammatory responses, contributing to exploring nutritional strategies to alleviate HSD-induced stress in animals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-022-00776-2.
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Li J, Liu Y, Niu J, Jing C, Jiao N, Huang L, Jiang S, Yan L, Yang W, Li Y. Supplementation with paraformic acid in the diet improved intestinal development through modulating intestinal inflammation and microbiota in broiler chickens. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:975056. [PMID: 36204610 PMCID: PMC9531753 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.975056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the effects of supplementing paraformic acid (PFA) to the diet of broiler chickens on intestinal development, inflammation, and microbiota. A total of 378 healthy 1-day-old Arbor Acres broilers with similar birth weight were used in this study, and randomly assigned into two treatment groups. The broiler chickens were received a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 1,000 mg/kg PFA. Results showed that PFA supplementation increased (P < 0.05) small intestinal villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio, elevated intestinal mucosal factors (mucin 2, trefoil factor family, and zonula occludens-1) concentrations, and upregulated mNRA expression of y + L amino acid transporter 1. Moreover, PFA supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10), activities of caspase-3 and caspase-8, and mNRA expressions of Toll-like Receptor 4, nuclear factor-kappa B, Bax, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in small intestinal mucosa. Dietary PFA supplementation also increased (P < 0.05) alpha diversity of cecal microbiota and relative abundance of Alistipes. The present study demonstrated that supplementation of 1,000 mg/kg PFA showed beneficial effects in improving intestinal development, which might be attributed to the suppression of intestinal inflammation and change of gut microbiota composition in broiler chickens. These findings will aid in our knowledge of the mechanisms through which dietary PFA modulates gut development, as well as support the use of PFA in poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Qingdao Huaxin Feed Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Jiaxing Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Changwei Jing
- Technical Department, Shandong Chinwhiz Co., Ltd., Weifang, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Libo Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Shuzhen Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Weiren Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- *Correspondence: Weiren Yang,
| | - Yang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Yang Li,
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13
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Bioactive compounds, antibiotics and heavy metals: effects on the intestinal structure and microbiome of monogastric animals – a non-systematic review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The intestinal structure and gut microbiota are essential for the animals‘ health. Chemical components taken with food provide the right environment for a specific microbiome which, together with its metabolites and the products of digestion, create an environment, which in turn is affects the population size of specific bacteria. Disturbances in the composition of the gut microbiota can be a reason for the malformation of guts, which has a decisive impact on the animal‘ health. This review aimed to analyse scientific literature, published over the past 20 years, concerning the effect of nutritional factors on gut health, determined by the intestinal structure and microbiota of monogastric animals. Several topics have been investigated: bioactive compounds (probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, and herbal active substances), antibiotics and heavy metals (essentaial minerals and toxic heavy metals).
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14
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Xiao G, Liu S, Yan X, Yang Y, Qi Q, Feng X, Gong L, Zhang H. Effects of fulvic acid addition on laying performance, biochemical indices, and gut microbiota of aged hens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:953564. [PMID: 36118354 PMCID: PMC9479332 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.953564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to appraise the effect of fulvic acid on production, biochemical indices, and gut microbiota of laying hens. A total of 252 Dawu Golden Phoenix laying hens (55-week-old) were allotted to two treatments randomly, each with six replicates and 21 hens per replicate, including the control group (CG) and fulvic acid (500 mg/kg) group (FA). The trial period was 8 weeks. Adding FA raised egg weight (P = 0.03), shell-breaking strength (P = 0.03), and reduced egg breaking rate (P < 0.01), compared with CG. There was no difference in eggshell thickness and egg shape index between the two treatments; however, the FA group increased egg production by 1.45% and reduced the feed-to-egg ratio by 0.09. Moreover, dietary FA decreased the aspartate aminotransferase levels in serum (P = 0.04), and glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity were increased (P = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively). Despite this, the two groups had no differences in the alpha diversity indices (PD_whole trees, Shannon, Ace, Simpson, Chao1, and goods_coverage). Obviously, at the phylum level, the abundances of Firmicutes were improved (P < 0.01), Actinobacteriota (P < 0.01), and Proteobacteria (P < 0.01) were reduced by dietary FA. Supplementation with FA could improve the abundances of Megamonas (P < 0.01) and reduce Enterobacter (P < 0.01) at the genus level. To sum up, this study showed the addition of 500 mg/kg FA may boost production and egg quality and modulate the cecal microflora abundance and serum biochemical indices of laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengsheng Xiao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Shun Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Xia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Qien Qi
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Xin Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Li Gong
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Huihua Zhang
| | - Huihua Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Li Gong
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15
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Effects of corn particle size distributions and formic acid on productive and processing performance of broilers. J APPL POULTRY RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2022.100288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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16
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Makowski Z, Lipiński K, Mazur-Kuśnirek M. The Effects of Sodium Butyrate, Coated Sodium Butyrate, and Butyric Acid Glycerides on Nutrient Digestibility, Gastrointestinal Function, and Fecal Microbiota in Turkeys. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141836. [PMID: 35883382 PMCID: PMC9312199 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the efficacy of sodium butyrate (SB), coated sodium butyrate (CSB), and butyric acid glycerides (BAG) in turkey nutrition based on an analysis of nutrient digestibility, gastrointestinal function, and fecal bacterial populations. A total of 400 1-day-old female BIG 6 turkeys were divided into 4 groups, with 5 replicates per group and 20 birds per replicate, to determine the effects exerted by various forms of butyric acid (SB, CSB, and BAG). The addition of CSB and BAG to turkey diets improved the feed conversion ratio (FCR, p < 0.05), increased the values of the European Efficiency Index (EEI, p < 0.01) and duodenal villus height (p < 0.05), and decreased the fecal populations of Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens (p < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with BAG increased protein digestibility (p < 0.05). The analyzed forms of butyrate added to turkey diets increased the butyric acid concentration in the cecal digesta (p < 0.01). The results of this study indicate that protected forms of butyric acid can be valuable feed additives in turkey nutrition.
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17
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Khan RU, Naz S, Raziq F, Qudratullah Q, Khan NA, Laudadio V, Tufarelli V, Ragni M. Prospects of organic acids as safe alternative to antibiotics in broiler chickens diet. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:32594-32604. [PMID: 35195862 PMCID: PMC9072444 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Genetically, modern broilers are fast-growing birds which attain the market age at the age of 5 weeks. To maintain optimum production, antibiotics have been commonly included in the diets as growth promoters. However, due to the increase in antimicrobial resistance, their uses have been banned worldwide. To keep the optimum level of production and health in broiler industry, the use of alternative growth promoters such as probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes, and organic acids has been proposed. Chemically, organic acids are weak acids and only partially dissociate. They are considered safe and have been used for preservation of food for centuries. Nowadays, organic acids have been reported for antibacterial, immune potentiating, and growth promoters in broilers. In this review, the effects of dietary inclusion of organic acids on growth, nutrient digestibility, intestinal integrity, immune system, and antibacterial activity in broilers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Ullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Raziq
- Livestock and Dairy Development, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Qudratullah Qudratullah
- Department of Surgery and Pet Centre, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Nazir Ahmad Khan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Vito Laudadio
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
| | - Marco Ragni
- Department of Agro-Environmental and Territorial Science, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
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18
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Impact of a Natural Fusarial Multi-Mycotoxin Challenge on Broiler Chickens and Mitigation Properties Provided by a Yeast Cell Wall Extract and a Postbiotic Yeast Cell Wall-Based Blend. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14050315. [PMID: 35622561 PMCID: PMC9145611 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast cell wall-based preparations have shown efficacy against Aspergillus-based toxins but have lower impact against type-B trichothecenes. Presently, we investigated a combination of deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin (T2) and zearalenone (ZEA), and the effect of a yeast cell wall extract (YCWE) and a post-biotic yeast cell wall-based blend (PYCW) with the objectives of preventing mycotoxins’ negative effects in commercial broilers. A total of 720 one-day-old male Cobb broilers were randomly allocated to: (1) control diet, (aflatoxins 6 µg/kg; cyclopiazonic acid 15 µg/kg; fusaric acid 25 µg/kg; fumonisin B1 310 µg/kg); (2) Diet1 + 0.2% YCWE; (3) Diet1 + 0.2% PYCW; (4) Contaminated diet (3.0 mg/kg DON; 2.17 mg/kg 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol; 104 g/kg T2; 79 g/kg ZEA); (5) Diet4 + 0.2% YCWE; and (6) Diet4 + 0.2% PYCW. Naturally contaminated diets adversely affected performance, serum biochemistry, liver function, immune response, altered cecal SCFA goblet cell count and architecture of intestinal villi. These adverse effects were reduced in birds fed PYCW and to a lesser extent YCWE, indicating protection against toxic assault. PYCW yielded better production performance and stimulated liver function, with higher response to NDV and IBV vaccination. Furthermore, mycotoxins were found to affect production outputs when evaluated with the European poultry production efficiency factor compared to control or YCWE and PYCW supplemented treatments. Taken together, YCWE, when complemented with nutritional add-ons (PYCW), could potentiate the remediation of the negative effects from a multi mycotoxins dietary challenge in broiler birds.
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19
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Zhang H, Guo Y, Wang Z, Wang Y, Chen B, Du P, Zhang X, Huang Y, Li P, Michiels J, Chen W. Acidification of drinking water improvement tibia mass of broilers associated with the alterations in intestinal barrier and microbiota. Anim Biosci 2022; 35:902-915. [PMID: 34991216 PMCID: PMC9066043 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Diet acidification supplementation is known to influence intestinal morphology, gut microbiota, and on phosphorus (P) utilization of broilers. Alterations in intestinal barrier and microbiota have been associated with systemic inflammation and thus regulating bone turnover. Hence the effect of acidifier addition to drinking water on tibia mass and the linkages between intestinal integrity and bone were studied. Methods One-d-old male broilers were randomly assigned to normal water (control) or continuous supply of acidified water (2% the blend of 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid, lactic, and phosphoric acid) group with 5 replicates of 10 chicks per replicate for 42 d. Results Acidification of drinking water improved the ash percentage and calcium content of tibia at 42 d. Broilers receiving acidified water had increased serum P concentration compared to control birds. The acidified group showed improved intestinal barrier, evidenced by increased wall thickness, villus height, the villus height to crypt depth ratio, and upregulated mucin-2 expression in ileum. Broilers receiving drinking water containing mixed organic acids had a higher proportion of Firmicutes and the ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, as well as a lower population of Proteobacteria. Meanwhile, the addition of acidifier to drinking water resulted in declined ileal and serum proinflammatory factors level and increased immunoglobulin concentrations in serum. Concerning bone remodeling, acidifier addition was linked to a decrease in serum C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase reflecting bone resorption, whereas it did not apparently change serum alkaline phosphatase activity that is a bone formation marker. Conclusion Acidified drinking water increased tibia mineral deposition of broilers, which was probably linked with higher P utilization and decreased bone resorption through improved intestinal integrity and gut microbiota and through decreased systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yujun Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yongshuai Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Bo Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Pengfei Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiangli Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yanqun Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Peng Li
- Novus International, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Joris Michiels
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Wen Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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20
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Grabež V, Egelandsdal B, Cruz A, Hallenstvedt E, Mydland LT, Alvseike O, Kåsin K, Ruud L, Karlsen V, Øverland M. Understanding metabolic phenomena accompanying high levels of yeast in broiler chicken diets and resulting carcass weight and meat quality changes. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101749. [PMID: 35288371 PMCID: PMC8920926 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of yeast as a protein source was investigated in broiler chicken diets on carcass quality, storage stability, and metabolite changes in leg meat. Male Ross 308 chickens (n = 100) were fed with one of 5 diets: control, control added 0.6% formic acid, or 3 diets where soybean meal was substituted with 10, 20, and 30% crude protein from inactivated yeast Cyberlindnera jadinii (CJ10, CJ20, CJ30, respectively). The yeast-containing diets reduced carcass weight, linoleic acid, and warm-over flavor in chicken leg meat. Protein degradation-related metabolite biomarkers were upregulated in the leg of chickens that were fed yeast-containing diets, indicating an adaptive response to the loss of appetite. Chill-stored leg meat of birds fed yeast diets showed increased browning and metallic taste compared with those fed the control diet. The use of formic acid in the diet reduced cooking loss and had a positive effect on vitamin B content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladana Grabež
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432, Ås, Norway.
| | - Bjørg Egelandsdal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Ana Cruz
- Felleskjøpet Fôrutvikling AS, NO-7018, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Liv Torunn Mydland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Karoline Kåsin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Lene Ruud
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Victoria Karlsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Margareth Øverland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
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21
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Anwar U, Ahmad S, Abdelgayed SS, Hussain M, Rehman A, Riaz M, Yousaf M, Bilal MQ, Bhatti SA, Rahman MA. Influence of Phytase with Or without Organic Acid (Sodium Di-Formate) Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Response, Protein and Mineral Digestibility in Starter Phase of Broilers. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U Anwar
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmad
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | | | | | - A Rehman
- University of Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - M Riaz
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - M Yousaf
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - MQ Bilal
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
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22
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Lee J, Kim JW, Hall HN, Nyachoti CM. Effect of dietary organic acids supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut morphology in weaned pigs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different organic acid (<b>OA</b>) mixtures on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut morphology in weaned pigs. A total of 56 weaned pigs (7.93 ± 1.04 kg body weight) were assigned to four dietary treatments with seven replicates per treatment for a 35-d study conducted over two phases; phase 1 (d 1 to 14) and phase 2 (d 14 to 35). Diets consisted of 1) a corn-soybean meal-basal diet without any additive (negative control, <b>NC</b>); 2) NC + formic and propionic acids (<b>TRT1</b>); 3) NC + butyric, formic, and propionic acids (<b>TRT2</b>); and 4) NC + antibiotic (positive control, <b>PC</b>). During the overall period, the gain to feed ratio of pigs fed the PC and TRT1 diets tended to be higher (<i>P</i> = 0.059) than that of the NC diet. However, OA supplementation had no effects on nutrient digestibility. Jejunal villus height to crypt depth ratio was higher (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in pigs fed the TRT1 diet than those fed the NC diet. In conclusion, dietary OA supplementation tended to increase overall feed efficiency and improved gut morphology in weaned pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Lee
- University of Manitoba, 8664, Department of Animal Science, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jong Woong Kim
- University of Manitoba, 8664, Department of Animal Science, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Heidi N. Hall
- Anpario plc, Worksop, Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Charles M. Nyachoti
- University of Manitoba, 8664, Department of Animal Science, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2N2
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23
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Magnoli A, Poloni V, Cristofolini L, Merkis C, Escobar F, Torres C, Chiacchiera S, Cavaglieri L. Effects of aflatoxin B1 and monensin interaction on liver and intestine of poultry – influence of a biological additive (Pichia kudriavzevii RC001). WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2021.2692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and monensin (MONS) interaction on the liver and intestinal histological changes in poultry, and the influence of Pichia kudriavzevii RC001. One-day-old commercial line (Ross 308) broilers (n=120) were individually weighed and randomly assigned to 8 treatments (15 broilers/treatment, 5 broilers per cage and 3 replicates/treatment). The experimental diets were: Group 1: basal diet (BD); Group 2: BD + MONS (50 mg/kg); Group 3: BD + P. kudriavzevii RC001 (1 g/kg); Group 4: BD + AFB1 (100 μg/kg); Group 5: BD + MONS + P. kudriavzevii RC001; Group 6: BD + AFB1 + P. kudriavzevii RC001; Group 7: BD + AFB1 + MONS + P. kudriavzevii RC001; Group 8: BD + AFB1 + MONS. When MONS was added, the typical AFB1 macroscopic and microscopic alterations were intensified. The P. kudriavzevii RC001 cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays with Vero cells and with broiler chicken’s erythrocytes, demonstrated that P. kudriavzevii RC001 neither were non-cytotoxic nor genotoxic. When MONS was added in the presence of P. kudriavzevii RC001, the toxic effect of AFB1 on liver was not prevented. When P. kudriavzevii was present alone, the same prevention of the pathological damage was observed in the intestine of poultry fed with AFB1. The smallest apparent absorption area was obtained when AFB1 and MONS were added in the feed (P<0.05). AFB1 and MONS interaction demonstrated important toxic effects. Although P. kudriavzevii was effective in ameliorating the adverse effects of AFB1 alone on liver pathology and gut morphology, it was not able to diminish the toxic effects of AFB1 in presence of MONS. It suggests that P. kudriavzevii could be used as feed additive or counteracting the toxic effects of AFB1 in poultry production in the absence of MONS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.P. Magnoli
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - V. Poloni
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L.A. Cristofolini
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Argentina
- Área de Microscopia Electrónica, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C.I. Merkis
- Área de Microscopia Electrónica, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - F.M. Escobar
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C.V. Torres
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - S.M. Chiacchiera
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Argentina
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L. Cavaglieri
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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Use of fumaric acid as a feed additive in quail's nutrition: its effect on growth rate, carcass, nutrient digestibility, digestive enzymes, blood metabolites, and intestinal microbiota. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101493. [PMID: 34715545 PMCID: PMC8564670 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of dietary fumaric acid (FUA) on performance, carcasses, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites, digestive enzymes, and cecal microbiota in Japanese quail chicks. Three hundred unsexed Japanese quail (1-wk-old) were randomly assigned to 5 groups. Supplementation of FUA in the diet of Japanese quail chicks exhibited a significant improvement in growth performance through the different experimental periods studied compared with those receiving unsupplemented one. The digestibility of crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) were improved with 10 and 15 g/kg FUA, respectively. Apart from lipase enzyme, birds fed 5 and 15 g/kg FUA recorded higher activity of amylase. There were no significant changes among experimental groups on the relative weights of carcass, gizzard, heart, and dressing. Dietary supplementation of FUA at different levels (P> 0.05) increased total protein (TP) and globulin (GLB) concentrations and A/G % compared with control group. A significant (P < 0.01) decrease in plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC) levels and increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations were observed in chicks fed with FUA containing diets. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) (P = 0.0026) and M (IgM) (P = 0.0007) levels were greater in groups treated with either 10 or 15 g FUA/kg diet. A significant increase in plasma Ca concentration was noticed in chicks received 15 g FUA/ kg compared with the other groups. Quail chicks received diets containing FUA at different levels exhibited reduced cecal count of coliform, E. coli, and Salmonella as compared with control group. In conclusion, supplementation of fumaric acid (especially 15 g/kg diet) in quail chick diets improved their growth, digestibility of nutrients, immune response, antioxidant status, digestive enzyme, and intestinal health.
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25
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Feye KM, Dittoe DK, Jendza JA, Caldas-Cueva JP, Mallmann BA, Booher B, Tellez-Isaias G, Owens CM, Kidd MT, Ricke SC. A comparison of formic acid or monoglycerides to formaldehyde on production efficiency, nutrient absorption, and meat yield and quality of Cobb 700 broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101476. [PMID: 34710711 PMCID: PMC8560989 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
After being banned by the European Commission in 2018, the use of formaldehyde as a feed amendment in the United States has come into question. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore alternatives to formaldehyde, such as formic acid and monoglycerides, and their effects on poultry production. In total, 1,728 Cobb 700 broilers were randomly assigned to 96-floor pens on day of hatch (18 birds/pen). Using a randomized complete block design (4 blocks), treatments were assigned to pens with blocking based on location within the barn, with the eastern half of the barn designated for digestibility and the western half designated for production (per experiment: 8 control pens and 10 pens per treatment). All diets were based on a negative control (NC), basal diet. Dietary treatments consisted of: NC, NC + 0.25% formalin (F), NC + 0.25 and 0.50% Amasil NA (AML and AMH; 61% formic acid and 20.5% Na-formate), and NC + SILO Health 104L (SILO; mixture of monoglycerides; 0.5% from 0 to 14 d, 0.4% from 14 to 28 d, and 0.2% from 28 to 42 d). Water and feed were provided ad libitum. Performance data were collected during feed changes on d 0, 14, 28, and 42, with digestibility data collected at d 14 (2 per pen) and carcass quality (6 per pen) assessed at d 46 with a randomly selected group of broilers. A one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple comparison, where treatments were evaluated against F were conducted using JMP 14.0 (P ≤ 0.05). Main effect of treatment was significant for performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass quality. Differences in body weight and ADG were observed from d 14 to d 28, resulting in a trending improvement in lysine digestibility on d 14 and carcass quality on d 46 of birds fed AML and AMH in comparison to those fed F (P < 0.05). Whereas birds fed SILO had reduced digestibility of methionine on d 14 and a decrease in meat quality on d 46 in comparison to those fed F (P < 0.05). Therefore, Amasil NA at 0.25 or 0.50% may be an effective alternative to formaldehyde as a feed amendment for poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Feye
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - D K Dittoe
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - J P Caldas-Cueva
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - B A Mallmann
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - B Booher
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - G Tellez-Isaias
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - C M Owens
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - M T Kidd
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - S C Ricke
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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26
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Greene G, Koolman L, Whyte P, Lynch H, Coffey A, Lucey B, Egan J, O'Connor L, Bolton D. The efficacy of organic acid, medium chain fatty acid and essential oil based broiler treatments; in vitro anti-Campylobacter jejuni activity and the effect of these chemical-based treatments on broiler performance. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:687-695. [PMID: 34218482 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This research tested the anti-Campylobacter properties of organic acids (OA), medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) and essential oils (EO) in vitro and commenced in vivo suitability testing focused on broiler performance. METHODS AND RESULTS Nine active compounds were tested at different concentrations and times against Campylobacter jejuni in sterile distilled water, Mueller Hinton broth and grower feed digestate (GFD). Sodium caprate (1.5%, v/v), thymol (0.25% and 2.5%, v/v), carvacrol (1.25%, v/v) and potassium sorbate (1.5%, v/v) each achieved C. jejuni reductions of ≥4.5 log10 CFU per ml in GFD, the matrix most representative of the broiler gut, after 60 s. Similar reductions were achieved after 60 min with lactic acid (1.25%, v/v), formic acid (3.1%, v/v), sodium caprylate (1.5%, v/v) and carvacrol (1.25%, v/v). However, in vivo these compounds adversely affected broiler performance, resulting in dimished water intake and reduced weight. CONCLUSIONS OA, MFCA and EO based compounds are effective anti-Campylobacter treatments in laboratory model studies but cannot be applied in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study illustrates that OAs, MCFAs and EOs can achieve significant reductions in Campylobacter in vitro but identifies a major issue, inhibition of broiler performance, preventing their use in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Greene
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | - Paul Whyte
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Helen Lynch
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Aidan Coffey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland
| | - Brigid Lucey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland
| | - John Egan
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Kildare, Ireland
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Gilani SMH, Rashid Z, Galani S, Ilyas S, Sahar S, Zahoor-ul-Hassan, Al-Ghanim K, Zehra S, Azhar A, Al-Misned F, Ahmed Z, Al-Mulham N, Mahboob S. Growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, gut microflora and ghrelin gene expression analysis of broiler by supplementing natural growth promoters: A nutrigenomics approach. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3438-3447. [PMID: 34121882 PMCID: PMC8176037 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In an epoch of escalating number of antibiotic-resistance bacteria, there is a dire need to develop efficient and novel feeding strategies for animal nutrition as alternatives to antibiotics. Here, implicating nutrigenomic approach, phytobiotics and organic acids were used to evaluate ghrelin gene expression levels, gut microflora composition, performance parameters and intestinal histomorphological changes in broiler chickens. One-day-old chicks (n = 315) were reared for 42 days and distributed randomly into five experimental groups; each with three replicates (21 birds per replicate). Experimental groups were control: basal diet only, antimicrobial growth promoter: 40 g/metric ton of basal diet (virginiamycin), organic acids: 4 kg/metric ton of basal diet, phytobiotics: 3 kg/metric ton of basal diet, combination: 7 kg/metric ton of basal diet (organic acids 4 kg and phytobiotics 3 kg metric ton of feed). Growth performance, histological and ghrelin gene expression analysis were executed on 21 and 42 days while, quantitative bacterial analysis of cecum and ileum was performed on day 42. Increased feed intake and body weight (p < 0.05) were noticed in phytobiotics group. Addition of phytobiotics significantly improved (p < 0.05) villus height and ratio of villus height/crypt depth in ileum, jejunum, and duodenum and down-regulated ghrelin gene expression levels. Total coliform and Escherichia coli in cecal and ileal digesta were decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in organic acids group. Correlation analysis revealed Lactobacillus spp. were positively correlated to villus height/crypt depth ration in duodenum. The findings indicated the importance of gene-nutrient-microbiota interactions based on nutrigenomics approach. Hence, phytobiotics and organic acids might be suitable alternatives to antibiotics for improved performance and immunity, along with healthier meat production in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zubia Rashid
- Department of Bio-medical Engineering, Ziauddin University Faculty of Engineering, Science, Technology and Management, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saddia Galani
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sahar Ilyas
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Sahar
- Department of Agriculture and Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zahoor-ul-Hassan
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Al-Ghanim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sitwat Zehra
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Abid Azhar
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - F. Al-Misned
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Z. Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - N. Al-Mulham
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Rathnayake D, Mun HS, Dilawar MA, Baek KS, Yang CJ. Time for a Paradigm Shift in Animal Nutrition Metabolic Pathway: Dietary Inclusion of Organic Acids on the Production Parameters, Nutrient Digestibility, and Meat Quality Traits of Swine and Broilers. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060476. [PMID: 34073875 PMCID: PMC8225189 DOI: 10.3390/life11060476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Because the application of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) causes accelerated adverse effects on the animal diet, the scientific community has taken progressive steps to enhance sustainable animal productivity without using AGP in animal nutrition. Organic acids (OAs) are non-antibiotic feed additives and a promising feeding strategy in the swine and broiler industry. Mechanistically, OAs improve productivity through multiple and diverse pathways in: (a) reduction of pathogenic bacteria in the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) by reducing the gut pH; (b) boosting the digestibility of nutrients by facilitating digestive enzyme secretion and increasing feed retention time in the gut system; and (c) having a positive impact and preventing meat quality deterioration without leaving any chemical residues. Recent studies have reported the effectiveness of using encapsulated OAs and synergistic mechanisms of OAs combinations in swine and broiler productivity. On the other hand, the synergistic mechanisms of OAs and the optimal combination of OAs in the animal diet are not completely understood, and further intensive scientific explorations are needed. Moreover, the ultimate production parameters are not similar owing to the type of OAs, concentration level, growth phase, health status of animals, hygienic standards, and environmental factors. Thus, those factors need to be considered before implementing OAs in feeding practices. In conclusion, the current review evaluates the basics of OAs, mode of action, novel strategies to enhance utilization, influence on growth performances, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality traits of swine and broilers and their potential concerns regarding utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanushka Rathnayake
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (D.R.); (H.S.M.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Hong Seok Mun
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (D.R.); (H.S.M.); (M.A.D.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 PLUS), Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Muhammad Ammar Dilawar
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (D.R.); (H.S.M.); (M.A.D.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 PLUS), Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Kwang Soo Baek
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 PLUS), Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Chul Ju Yang
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (D.R.); (H.S.M.); (M.A.D.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 PLUS), Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-750-3235
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29
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Sarker MT, Wang ZY, Yang H, Wan X, Emmanuel A. Evaluation of the protective effect of lycopene on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activities of aflatoxinB 1 challenged broilers. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13540. [PMID: 33742527 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to investigate the protective efficiency of dietary lycopene (LYC) supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activities aflatoxinB1 (AFB1 ) challenged broilers. A total of 240 days old Arber across male broiler chicks were randomly allocated in five treatments and six replicates (eight birds per replicate); feed and water were provided ad libitum during the 42 days experiment. The treatment diets were as follows: (i) Basal diet (control), (ii) Basal diet + 100 µg/kg AFB1 contaminated diet, (iii) Basal diet + 100 µg/kg AFB1 + 100 mg/kg LYC1, (iv) Basal diet + 100 µg/kg AFB1 + 200 mg/kg LYC2, and (v) Basal diet + 100 µg/kg AFB1 + 400 mg/kg LYC3. The results showed that the addition of LYC to AFB1 contaminated broiler diets significantly increased (p < .05) average daily gain (ADG) and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the AFB1 diet. AFB1 diet decreased the intestinal villus height (VH) and crypt depth ratio (VCR) while increasing the crypt depth (CD). However, dietary LYC supplemented diets relieved the intestinal morphological alterations. Dietary LYC supplementation (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly improved (p < .05) intestinal digestive enzyme amylase and lipase activities with AFB1 contaminated diet. These findings suggested that LYC is a promising feed supplement in the broiler industry, alleviating the harmful effects of AFB1 .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhi Yue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, China
| | - Haiming Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, China
| | - Xiaoli Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, China
| | - Asare Emmanuel
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, China
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30
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Shu G, Xu D, Ran C, Yin L, Lin J, Fu H, Zhang W, Bai S, Peng X, Zhao X, Amevor FK. Protective effect of dietary supplementation of Bupleurum falcatum L saikosaponins on ammonia exposure-induced ileum injury in broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 100:100803. [PMID: 33516464 PMCID: PMC7936159 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) at a high concentration has been recognized as a highly poisonous pollutant affecting both air and water quality. NH3, as a stimulus, exerts negative impact on broiler growth and production, but the molecular mechanisms are not clear yet. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Bupleurum falcatum L saikosaponins (SP) on the growth and ileum health status in broilers exposed to NH3. Day-old Arbor Acers broilers (n = 480) were randomly allocated into 1 of 4 treatments. The main factors were dietary SP supplementation (0 or 80 mg/kg of diet) and NH3 challenge (with or without 70 ± 5 ppm NH3). The data of growth, intestinal morphology, and mRNA expression related to ileal function were collected from broilers exposed to NH3 for 7 d. Results showed that NH3 remarkably suppressed growth performance and intestinal development as well as induced biological injuries in the ileum of broilers, resulting from oxidative stress, mucous barrier damage, and immune dysfunction as well as upregulated apoptosis. These negative effects of NH3 were alleviated by the SP supplement. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of SP may be helpful in alleviating the detrimental effects of NH3 on the ileum development in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Shu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chonglin Ran
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Juchun Lin
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hualin Fu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiping Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Peng
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Felix Kwame Amevor
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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31
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Dai D, Qiu K, Zhang HJ, Wu SG, Han YM, Wu YY, Qi GH, Wang J. Organic Acids as Alternatives for Antibiotic Growth Promoters Alter the Intestinal Structure and Microbiota and Improve the Growth Performance in Broilers. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:618144. [PMID: 33519778 PMCID: PMC7840962 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.618144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of organic acids (OA) as alternatives for antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) on growth performance, intestinal structure, as well as intestinal microbial composition and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) profiles in broilers. A total of 336 newly hatched male Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allocated into 3 dietary treatments including the basal diet [negative control (NC)], the basal diet supplemented with 5 mg/kg flavomycin, and the basal diet supplemented with OA feed additives. Each treatment had eight replicates with 14 birds each. The results showed that AGP and OA promoted growth during day 22–42 compared with the NC group (P < 0.05). OA significantly increased the jejunal goblet cell density and ileal villus height on day 42 compared with the NC group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, OA up-regulated the mRNA expression of jejunal barrier genes (Claudin-3 and ZO-1) relative to the NC group (P < 0.05). Significant changes of microbiota induced by the OA were also found on day 42 (P < 0.05). Several SCFAs-producing bacteria like Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae, and Peptococcaceae affiliated to the order Clostridiales were identified as biomarkers of the OA group. Higher concentrations of SCFAs including formic acid and butyric acid were observed in the cecum of OA group (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, the abundance of family Ruminococcaceae showed highly positive correlations with the body weight and mRNA level of ZO-1 on day 42 (P < 0.05). However, AGP supplementation had the higher mRNA expression of Claudin-2, lower goblet cell density of jejunum, and decreased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, suggesting that AGP might have a negative impact on intestinal immune and microbiota homeostasis. In conclusion, the OA improved growth performance, intestinal morphology and barrier function in broilers, which might be attributed to the changes of intestinal microbiota, particularly the enrichment of SCFAs-producing bacteria, providing a more homeostatic and healthy intestinal microecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Dai
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Ming Han
- Trouw Nutrition Research & Development Centers, Amersfoort, Netherlands
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wu
- Trouw Nutrition Research & Development Centers, Amersfoort, Netherlands
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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32
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Hanchai K, Trairatapiwan T, Lertpatarakomol R. Drinking water supplemented with wood vinegar on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microbial of broiler chickens. Vet World 2021; 14:92-96. [PMID: 33642791 PMCID: PMC7896902 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.92-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Wood vinegar is a product generated from the combustion and distillation of wood and other plant materials. It has been shown to suppress bacteria, resulting in healthier livestock and increased yields. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of drinking water supplemented with wood vinegar on growth performance, intestinal health, and gut microbial of broilers. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 Ross 308 1-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly distributed in a completely randomized experimental design. The study consisted of three treatments containing four replicates, with 10 birds in each. Treatments were given 0.5% and 1.0% (V/V) wood vinegar supplemented in drinking water, while no supplementation was given to the control group. The animals were raised in an open-house system. All groups were provided with a commercial diet and drinking water ad libitum. Analysis of variance was conducted using the general linear model procedure to compare the levels of wood vinegar supplementation in drinking water on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microbial. Results: No significant differences (p>0.05) were found for body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and water consumption between groups during the starter (1-21 days old), grower (22-35 days old), and whole (1-35 days old) growth periods. Moreover, no significant differences in villi height and crypt depth (p>0.05) at 21 and 35 days of age were found. In addition, no significant difference in terms of lactic acid bacteria and Escherichia coli was found between the different treatments. Conclusion: Drinking water supplemented with wood vinegar was not found to have an effect on the growth performance and gut microbial of broiler chickens in the present study. However, the supplementation of wood vinegar in drinking water could improve intestinal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornkamon Hanchai
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum Samphan Road, Nong Chok, Bangkok, 10530 Thailand
| | - Tassanee Trairatapiwan
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum Samphan Road, Nong Chok, Bangkok, 10530 Thailand
| | - Rachakris Lertpatarakomol
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum Samphan Road, Nong Chok, Bangkok, 10530 Thailand
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33
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Jahantigh M, Kalantari H, Ayda Davari S, Saadati D. Effects of dietary vinegar on performance, immune response and small intestine histomorphology in 1- to 28-day broiler chickens. Vet Med Sci 2020; 7:766-772. [PMID: 33326702 PMCID: PMC8136961 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of apple cider vinegar in diet on the growth performance, immune response, histomorphological changes of the small intestine and some serum biochemical factors in broilers. A total of 85 broiler chicks of Ross 308 were purchased and 64 well-conditioned chicks were selected and divided into four experimental groups with four replicates and four chicks per replicate. The diets of groups 2, 3 and 4 were mixed with 1, 2 and 3% of vinegar, respectively, and group 1 as the control group was fed by the standard diet. The results showed that body weight gain was higher in the groups fed vinegar than the control group. There were no significant changes in the feed conversion ratio between the treatment and control groups (p = .507). Vinegar intake through the diet did not change significantly the weight of Bursa of Fabricius (p = .369) and spleen (p = .122). Vinegar significantly reduced blood urea nitrogen levels in the treatment groups compared with the control group (p = .0052). There was a significant increase in the level of antibody titre against Newcastle disease virus by haemagglutination inhibition test in the groups receiving vinegar in comparison with control group (p = .0358). Compared with the control group, the villus height (p = .0022) and intestinal crypts depth (p = .0015) significantly increased in the groups receiving apple cider vinegar. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with apple cider vinegar has beneficial effects on performance, immune response and small intestine histomorphology in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jahantigh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Heydar Kalantari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Ayda Davari
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Dariush Saadati
- Department of Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
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Fancher CA, Zhang L, Kiess AS, Adhikari PA, Dinh TT, Sukumaran AT. Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens: Challenges in No Antibiotics Ever Broiler Production and Potential Solutions. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1533. [PMID: 33036173 PMCID: PMC7599686 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
United States is the largest producer and the second largest exporter of broiler meat in the world. In the US, broiler production is largely converting to antibiotic-free programs which has caused an increase in morbidity and mortality within broiler farms. Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens are two important pathogenic bacteria readily found in the broiler environment and result in annual billion-dollar losses from colibacillosis, gangrenous dermatitis, and necrotic enteritis. The broiler industry is in search of non-antibiotic alternatives including novel vaccines, prebiotics, probiotics, and housing management strategies to mitigate production losses due to these diseases. This review provides an overview of the broiler industry and antibiotic free production, current challenges, and emerging research on antibiotic alternatives to reduce pathogenic microbial presence and improve bird health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A. Fancher
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (C.A.F.); (L.Z.); (A.S.K.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (C.A.F.); (L.Z.); (A.S.K.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Aaron S. Kiess
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (C.A.F.); (L.Z.); (A.S.K.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Pratima A. Adhikari
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (C.A.F.); (L.Z.); (A.S.K.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Thu T.N. Dinh
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA;
| | - Anuraj T. Sukumaran
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (C.A.F.); (L.Z.); (A.S.K.); (P.A.A.)
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Abdel-Latif EA, Ibrahim ZA, Reda FM, Alagawany M. Effect of Aspergillus japonicas culture filtrate on performance, carcase yield, digestive enzymes, intestinal microbiota and blood constituents of quail. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1816510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zenat A. Ibrahim
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Fayiz M. Reda
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Abdollahi MR, Zaefarian F, Hall L, Jendza JA. Feed acidification and steam-conditioning temperature influence nutrient utilization in broiler chickens fed wheat-based diets. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5037-5046. [PMID: 32988540 PMCID: PMC7598303 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of conditioning temperature (CT) and the interactive influence of feed acidification (FA) and CT on the performance, coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) of nitrogen (N), starch, fat calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), and AME in broilers. In both experiments, each treatment was randomly allocated to 6 cages (8 birds per cage) and fed from 1 to 21 D posthatch. In experiment 1, the effect of CT was evaluated using a wheat-based diet at 3 CT: unconditioned, conditioned at 60°C or 90°C. All the diets by-passed the pellet press and collected in mash form. Birds fed the diet conditioned at 90°C consumed more (P < 0.05) feed and tended (P = 0.087) to have higher feed per gain (F:G) than those fed the unconditioned diet but similar to those fed the diet conditioned at 60°C. A tendency was noted for CT to affect the CAID of N (P = 0.071) and starch (P = 0.093), with reduced digestibility values in the diet conditioned at 90°C. Conditioning at 90°C resulted in lower (P < 0.05) AME. In experiment 2, three inclusions of an acidifier (0.0, 7.0, and 10 g/kg) and 2 CT of 60°C and 90°C were evaluated in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments using pelleted diets. Neither the main effects nor the interaction between acidifier addition and CT was significant for weight gain, feed intake, and F:G. The FA increased (P < 0.05) the CAID of N, fat, and P at both inclusion levels and of starch at 10 g/kg. Conditioning at 90°C reduced (P < 0.05) the CAID of starch, fat, and Ca, regardless of FA level. Overall, the present data showed that the application of high CT for broiler feed manufacture can impair nutrient utilization and, consequently the feed efficiency in broilers. Feed acidification imparts some benefits to nutrient digestibility in broilers fed pelleted wheat-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Abdollahi
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - F Zaefarian
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - L Hall
- BASF Australia Ltd., Southbank, VIC 3006, Australia
| | - J A Jendza
- BASF Corporation, Florham Park, NJ 07932, USA
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Adhikari P, Yadav S, Cosby DE, Cox NA, Jendza JA, Kim WK. Research Note: Effect of organic acid mixture on growth performance and Salmonella Typhimurium colonization in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2645-2649. [PMID: 32359600 PMCID: PMC7597380 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed additives can be alternatives to antibiotics for routinely encountered pathogens in the poultry production. The objective of this study was to understand effects of organic acid mixture on growth parameters and Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) colonization in broilers. Organic acid mixture is a feed-grade buffered formic acid and sodium formate mixture (Amasil NA). A total of 800 1-day-old Cobb500 males were fed one of the five dietary treatments: a negative control diet without ST challenge (NC), positive control diet with ST challenge (PC), 0.3% organic acid mixture with ST, 0.6% organic acid mixture with ST, and 0.9% organic acid mixture with ST. Treatments were assigned to 20 pens with 40 chicks/pen and 4 replicates of each treatment. Chickens were challenged with 107 CFU/mL of nalidixic acid-resistant ST (STNAR) 4-D posthatch. In the grower phase, feed conversion rate was significantly reduced in the 9% organic acid mixture compared with the PC. The body weight and body weight gain (BWG) were not affected either in the starter or grower phases. However, in the finisher phase, the nonchallenged NC had higher BWG than the PC (P < 0.05), whereas there were no differences in BWG among the NC and organic acid mixture fed groups. In addition, there was a significant effect of organic acid mixture on the colonization of cecal STNAR. At 9 dpi, cecal STNAR was 3.28 log10 in the PC that was reduced to 2.65 log10 at 0.3%, 1.40 log10 at 0.6%, and 0.84 log10 in 0.9% organic acid mixture. At 24 dpi, cecal STNAR recovery was 0.81, 0.99, 0.53, and 0.33 log10 in the PC and 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9% organic acid mixture, respectively. Similarly, at 38 dpi, cecal STNAR was 0.26, 0.11, 0.33, and 0 log10 in the PC, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9%, respectively. These results show that organic acid mixture can be one dietary strategy to control ST infection and maintain efficient growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Adhikari
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Sudhir Yadav
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Douglas E Cosby
- USDA, ARS, The U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Nelson A Cox
- USDA, ARS, The U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | | | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Pearlin BV, Muthuvel S, Govidasamy P, Villavan M, Alagawany M, Ragab Farag M, Dhama K, Gopi M. Role of acidifiers in livestock nutrition and health: A review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:558-569. [PMID: 31912950 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ever since the European ban on use of in-feed antibiotics in food animals, the search for alternate antibiotic-free growth promoter is undertaken worldwide. There are few alternatives such as probiotics, pre-biotics, phytochemicals, enzymes and organic acids. Among these alternatives, the organic acids or simply acidifiers play an important role in gut health in animals. The acidifiers could be used to favourably manipulate the intestinal microbial populations and improve the immune response, hence perform an activity similar to antibiotics in food animals in countering pathogenic bacteria. Acidifiers also improve the digestibility of nutrients and increase the absorption of minerals. The incorporation of organic acids also leads to thinning of the intestinal lining which facilitates better absorption of nutrients and its efficient utilization. However, their effect will not be similar among all types of organic acids as their mechanism of activity is based on its pKa value. Moreover, there are claims about the neutralization of acids by the secretion of bicarbonates in the initial part of intestine, reactivity with metallic items in feed mills and reduced palatability due its bitter taste demands non-reactive and targeted delivery for better performance. Currently, coated salts of acidifiers are available commercially for use in food animals especially pigs and poultry. The present review highlights the role of different acidifiers in livestock nutrition with their potent applications in improving nutrient digestibility, mineral utilization, meat quality, enhancing immunity, antimicrobial effects in countering pathogenic bacteria, boosting performance and production, and thus safeguarding health of livestock animals and poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beulah Vermilion Pearlin
- Division of Avian Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Shanmathy Muthuvel
- Division of Avian Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Prabakar Govidasamy
- Division of Avian Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Manojkumar Villavan
- Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mayada Ragab Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Marappan Gopi
- Division of Avian Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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Evaluating Alternatives to Zinc-Bacitracin Antibiotic Growth Promoter in Broilers: Physiological and Meat Quality Responses. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121160. [PMID: 31861197 PMCID: PMC6941030 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated different combinations of a probiotic (Bacillus licheniformis), an organic acid mixture (benzoic and fumaric acids), a protease enzyme, and chelated minerals (Cu, Zn, and Mn) as alternatives to zinc-bacitracin antibiotic. Eight hundred Cobb 500 chicks (42.02 ± 2.207 g liveweight) were distributed into 40 pens to which five diets: 1. Commercial broiler diet with no antibiotics (CON); 2. CON + zinc-bacitracin antibiotic (ZnB); 3. CON + chelated minerals + protease enzyme (MinEnz); 4. CON + chelated minerals + protease + organic acids (MinEnzOrg); and 5. CON + chelated minerals + protease + probiotic (MinEnzPro) were allocated. Probiotic, minerals, protease enzyme, and organic acids were included in diets at 0.2 g/kg, 0.3 g/kg, 0.5 g/kg, and 5 g/kg, respectively. Diets promoted a similar feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. Birds on MinEnz had the highest basophil content (2.04 × 109/L), while those on ZnB had the highest alanine aminotransferase (8.50 IU/L). Chickens on MinEnz had the heaviest spleens and the largest proventriculi. Meat from CON birds had the highest water holding capacity (22.32%) and cooking losses (27.15%). We concluded that the investigated combinations of feed additives could replace ZnB in broiler diets as they promoted similar growth performance and carcass characteristics.
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Park J, Knape K, Carey J. Effects of a Commercial Beta-Mannanase Product on the Performance, Intestinal pH, and Digesta Viscosity of Pekin Ducks. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfz009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Ripon MMR, Rashid MH, Rahman MM, Ferdous MF, Arefin MS, Sani AA, Hossain MT, Ahammad MU, Rafiq K. Dose-dependent response to phytobiotic supplementation in feed on growth, hematology, intestinal pH, and gut bacterial load in broiler chicken. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6:253-259. [PMID: 31453200 PMCID: PMC6702877 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2019.f341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate dose-dependent effects of phytobiotic (Galibiotic) supplements in feed on growth performance, hematological parameters, intestinal pH, and gut bacterial population in broiler chick. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 ten day old broiler chicks were divided into five groups, namely, Group A as control (without galibiotic), Group B (galibiotic at 1 gm/kg feed), Group C (galibiotic at 2 gm/kg feed), Group D (galibiotic at 5 gm/kg feed), and Group E (galibiotic at 10 gm/kg feed). All the birds were reared for 42 days and samples were collected before and after sacrifice. Results: Live body weights showed no significant differences between the groups but overall feed conversion ratios (FCRs) of treatment groups were significantly low in Group E having the lowest. Blood samples collected for hematology differed significantly (p < 0.01) among the different groups. Intestinal pH was lower in treatment groups with Group E having the lowest. Cecal total viable count was highest in Group A and lowest in Group E. The cecal coliform count was low in all the treatment groups. Conclusion: Along with previously published report, it may conclude that the phytobiotic could be used as an alternative to antibiotics due to positive growth performance, lower FCR, carcass quality, and improved gut health of broiler chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Harunur Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Moshiur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Faisal Ferdous
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shafiul Arefin
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Aminatu Abubakar Sani
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Tofazzal Hossain
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Muslah Uddin Ahammad
- Department of Poultry Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Rafiq
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
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Disetlhe A, Marume U, Mlambo V. Humic acid and enzymes inclusion in canola-based diets generate different responses in growth performance, protein utilization dynamics, and hemato-biochemical parameters in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2745-2753. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Effect of arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides and arabinoxylans on net energy and nutrient utilization in broilers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 5:56-62. [PMID: 30899810 PMCID: PMC6407086 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (AXOS) are hydrolytic degradation products of arabinoxylans (AX) that can be fermented by the gut microbiota, thus potentially displaying prebiotic properties. This study examined the effects of AX and AXOS on net energy (NE) and nutrient utilization in broilers. Ross 308 broilers (n = 90, 30 birds per treatment) were fed wheat-soybean diets supplemented with pure AX, AXOS produced by exposing the AX to xylanase in vitro (AXOS), or AX with xylanase (AX + E) from d 10 to 21. Performance parameters were measured from d 10 to 21. On d 15, 10 birds per treatment were allocated to closed-circuit net energy chambers to assess the impact of AX and AXOS on dietary energy utilization, through assessment of both metabolisable energy (ME) and NE. Ileal and caecal digesta samples were collected on d 21 to determine the effect of AX and AXOS on ileal and total tract dry matter digestibility, ileal digestible energy, digesta pH, short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and microbiota concentration. Feed conversion ratio was numerically the lowest in birds fed the diet supplemented with AXOS, which is 1.26 compared to 1.37 and 1.30 for AX and AX + E, respectively. Ileal dry matter digestibility was higher in birds fed AXOS than those fed AX (P = 0.047). Ileal digestible energy and total tract dry matter digestibility were higher in birds fed AXOS than those fed AX or AX + E (P = 0.004 and P = 0.001, respectively). Birds fed AXOS had higher ME intake (P = 0.049) and nitrogen retention (P = 0.001) and a strong trend of higher NE (P = 0.056), NE intake (P = 0.057) and retained energy (P = 0.054) compared to those fed AX. Ileal total SCFA, lactic and formic acid concentrations were higher in birds fed AXOS than those fed AX (P = 0.011, P = 0.012 and P = 0.023, respectively). Birds fed AXOS or AX + E had higher caecal total SCFA, acetic, butyric and isovaleric acid concentrations compared to those fed AX (P = 0.001, P = 0.004, P = 0.016 and P = 0.008, respectively), and caecal propionic acid concentration was higher in birds fed AX + E than those fed AX (P = 0.050). Ileal and caecal microbiota concentrations were numerically higher and pH was lower in birds fed AXOS and AX + E than those fed AX. Results from this study indicate that feeding AXOS directly is more efficient than AXOS generation in the gastrointestinal tract, and suggest that AXOS has a potential to be an efficacious prebiotic in broiler diets.
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Emami NK, Daneshmand A, Naeini SZ, Graystone EN, Broom LJ. Effects of commercial organic acid blends on male broilers challenged with E. coli K88: Performance, microbiology, intestinal morphology, and immune response. Poult Sci 2018; 96:3254-3263. [PMID: 28453753 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of 3 commercial organic acid (OA) preparations on growth performance, intestinal morphology, cecal microbiology, and immunity of Escherichia coli K88-challenged (ETEC) broiler chickens. One thousand one-day-old male broiler chickens were divided into 8 treatments of 5 replicate pens: Negative control (NC) birds received a basal diet (BD) and were not challenged with ETEC; positive control (PC) birds fed the BD and challenged with ETEC; BD + 0.2% (S1) or 0.4% (S2) of an OA mixture (Salkil) from one to 35 d; BD + 0.1, 0.075, and 0.05% (O1) of another OA mixture (Optimax) in the starter (one to 10 d), grower (11 to 24 d), and finisher (25 to 35 d) diets, respectively, or 0.1% (O2) from one to 35 d; BD + 0.07, 0.05, and 0.05% (P1) or 0.1, 0.07, and 0.05% (P2) of a further OA mixture (pHorce) in the starter, grower, and finisher diets, respectively. All groups (not NC) were challenged with one mL of ETEC (1 × 108 cfu/mL) at 7 d of age. The 3 OA mixtures are commercial formic and propionic acid preparations. Birds challenged with ETEC (PC) had reduced (P < 0.05) growth performance, ileal morphological parameters (not crypt depth, which was increased), cecal lactobacilli, and immune responses, and increased cecal E. coli compared with unchallenged, NC birds. The addition of OA to the diets of ETEC challenged birds (S1-P2) either numerically or significantly (P < 0.05) improved growth performance, ileal morphology and immune responses, increased cecal lactobacilli, and reduced cecal E. coli. For most OA additions, the assessed parameters were generally enhanced to equivalence to NC birds. The results suggest that dietary OA supplementation can enhance the growth performance, ileal morphology, cecal microbiota, and immunity of ETEC-challenged broilers to an extent that, under such circumstances, the formulations used in this study provided similar performance and assessed parameters as non-challenged birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Khodambashi Emami
- Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran, 91779-48974
| | - A Daneshmand
- Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran, 91779-48974
| | - S Zafari Naeini
- Technical Responsible, Shamim Roshd Espadan Co., Sepahan Shahr, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Animal Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran, 88186-34141
| | - E N Graystone
- Anpario PLC, Manton Wood Enterprise Park, Worksop, Nottinghamshire, S80 2RS, United Kingdom
| | - L J Broom
- Anpario PLC, Manton Wood Enterprise Park, Worksop, Nottinghamshire, S80 2RS, United Kingdom; Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
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Roth N, Mayrhofer S, Gierus M, Weingut C, Schwarz C, Doupovec B, Berrios R, Domig KJ. Effect of an organic acids based feed additive and enrofloxacin on the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in cecum of broilers. Poult Sci 2018; 96:4053-4060. [PMID: 29050428 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern. Fluoroquinolones are used to treat and prevent poultry diseases worldwide. Fluoroquinolone resistance rates are high in their countries of use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an acids-based feed additive, as well as fluoroquinolone antibiotics, on the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli. A total of 480 broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to 3 treatments: a control group receiving a basal diet; a group receiving a feed additive (FA) based on formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid; and an antibiotic enrofloxacin (AB) group given the same diet, but supplemented with enrofloxacin in water. A pooled fecal sample of one-day-old chicks was collected upon arrival at the experimental farm. On d 17 and d 38 of the trial, cecal samples from each of the 8 pens were taken, and the count of E. coli and antibiotic-resistant E. coli was determined.The results of the present study show a high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in one-day-old chicks. Supplementation of the diet with FA and treatment of broilers with AB did not have a significant influence on the total number of E. coli in the cecal content on d 17 and d 38 of the trial. Supplementation with FA contributed to better growth performance and to a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in E. coli resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline compared to the control and AB groups, as well as to a decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli compared to the AB group. Treatment with AB increased (P ≤ 0.05) the average daily weight compared to the control group and increased (P ≤ 0.05) the number of E. coli resistant to ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline; it also decreased (P ≤ 0.05) the number of E. coli resistant to cefotaxime and extended spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL-) producing E. coli in the ceca of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Roth
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigrid Mayrhofer
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Gierus
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Livestock Products, and Nutrition Physiology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Weingut
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane Schwarz
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Livestock Products, and Nutrition Physiology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Konrad J Domig
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Wang F, Zuo Z, Chen K, Gao C, Yang Z, Zhao S, Li J, Song H, Peng X, Fang J, Cui H, Ouyang P, Zhou Y, Shu G, Jing B. Histopathological Injuries, Ultrastructural Changes, and Depressed TLR Expression in the Small Intestine of Broiler Chickens with Aflatoxin B₁. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10040131. [PMID: 29561786 PMCID: PMC5923297 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10040131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore AFB₁-induced damage of the small intestine, the changes in structure and expression of TLRs (Toll-like Receptors) in the small intestine of chickens were systematically investigated. Ninety healthy neonatal Cobb chickens were randomized into a control group (0 mg/kg AFB₁) and an AFB₁ group (0.6 mg/kg AFB₁). The crypt depth of the small intestine in the AFB₁ group was significantly increased in comparison to the control chickens, while the villus height and area were evidently decreased, as well as the villus:crypt ratio and epithelial thickness. The histopathological observations showed that the villi of the small intestine exposed to AFB₁ were obviously shedding. Based on ultrastructural observation, the absorptive cells of small intestine in the AFB₁ group exhibited fewer microvilli, mitochondrial vacuolation and the disappearance of mitochondrial cristae, and junctional complexes as well as terminal web. Moreover, the number of goblet cells in the small intestine in the AFB₁ group significantly decreased. Also, AFB₁ evidently decreased the mRNA expression of TLR2-2, TLR4, and TLR7 in the small intestine. Taken together, our study indicated that dietary 0.6 mg/kg AFB₁ could induce histopathological injuries and ultrastructural changes, and depress levels of TLR mRNA in the chicken small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Kejie Chen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Caixia Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Zhuangzhi Yang
- Animal Research Institute, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Song Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jianzhen Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Hetao Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xi Peng
- College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
| | - Jing Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Hengmin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Ping Ouyang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- Life Science Department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China.
| | - Gang Shu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Bo Jing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Allahdo P, Ghodraty J, Zarghi H, Saadatfar Z, Kermanshahi H, Edalatian Dovom MR. Effect of probiotic and vinegar on growth performance, meat yields, immune responses, and small intestine morphology of broiler chickens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2018.1424570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Allahdo
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Ghodraty
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Heydar Zarghi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zohre Saadatfar
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Kermanshahi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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48
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Madrid J, Catalá-Gregori P, García V, Hernández F. Effect of a multienzyme complex in wheat-soybean meal diet on digestibility of broiler chickens under different rearing conditions. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2010.e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josefa Madrid
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Victoria García
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Murcia, Spain
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49
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Fascina VB, Pasquali GAM, Carvalho FB, Muro EM, Vercese F, Aoyagi MM, Pezzato AC, Gonzales E, Sartori JR. Effects of Phytogenic Additives and Organic Acids, alone or in combination, on the Performance, Intestinal Quality and Immune Responses of Broiler Chickens. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - EM Muro
- São Paulo State University, Brazil
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50
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Xue GD, Wu SB, Choct M, Swick RA. Effects of yeast cell wall on growth performance, immune responses and intestinal short chain fatty acid concentrations of broilers in an experimental necrotic enteritis model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:399-405. [PMID: 29767160 PMCID: PMC5941278 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Subclinical necrotic enteritis (NE) causes devastating economic losses in the broiler chicken industry, especially in birds raised free of in-feed antibiotics. Prebiotics are potential alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. Yeast cell wall extract (YCW) derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a prebiotic with known immune modulating effects. This study examined the effects of YCW and antibiotics (AB) during subclinical NE on broiler growth performance, intestinal lesions, humoral immune response and gut microflora metabolites. The study employed a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors were: NE challenge (yes or no) and feed additive (control, AB, or YCW). Each treatment was replicated in 8 floor pens with 15 birds per pen. Challenged birds had higher feed conversion ratio (FCR) than unchallenged birds on d 35 (P < 0.05). Dietary inclusion of AB decreased FCR regardless of challenge (P < 0.05) on d 24 and 35. Inclusion of YCW reduced serum interleukin-1 (IL-1) concentration in NE challenged birds (P < 0.01) and increased immunoglobulin (Ig) G (P < 0.05) and Ig M (P < 0.05) levels compared to other dietary treatments regardless of challenge. Yeast cell wall extract increased formic acid concentration in cecal contents during challenge and increased butyric acid concentration in unchallenged birds on d 16. This study indicates YCW suppressed inflammatory response, promoted generation of immunoglobulin and increased short chain fatty acid production suggesting potential benefits to bird health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Da Xue
- Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Shu-Biao Wu
- Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Mingan Choct
- Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Robert A Swick
- Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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