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Zheng S, Mansolf M, McGrath M, Churchill ML, Bekelman TA, Brennan PA, Margolis AE, Nozadi SS, Bastain TM, Elliott AJ, LeWinn KZ, Hofheimer JA, Leve LD, Rennie B, Zimmerman E, Marable CA, McEvoy CT, Liu C, Sullivan A, Woodruff TJ, Ghosh S, Leventhal B, Ferrara A, Lewis J, Bishop S. Measurement bias in caregiver-report of early childhood behavior problems across demographic factors in an ECHO-wide diverse sample. JCPP ADVANCES 2024; 4:e12198. [PMID: 38486952 PMCID: PMC10933609 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Research and clinical practice rely heavily on caregiver-report measures, such as the Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5 (CBCL/1.5-5), to gather information about early childhood behavior problems and to screen for child psychopathology. While studies have shown that demographic variables influence caregiver ratings of behavior problems, the extent to which the CBCL/1.5-5 functions equivalently at the item level across diverse samples is unknown. Methods Item-level data of CBCL/1.5-5 from a large sample of young children (N = 9087) were drawn from 26 cohorts in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes program. Factor analyses and the alignment method were applied to examine measurement invariance (MI) and differential item functioning (DIF) across child (age, sex, bilingual status, and neurodevelopmental disorders), and caregiver (sex, education level, household income level, depression, and language version administered) characteristics. Child race was examined in sensitivity analyses. Results Items with the most impactful DIF across child and caregiver groupings were identified for Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problems. The robust item sets, excluding the high DIF items, showed good reliability and high correlation with the original Internalizing and Total Problems scales, with lower reliability for Externalizing. Language version of CBCL administration, education level and sex of the caregiver respondent showed the most significant impact on MI, followed by child age. Sensitivity analyses revealed that child race has a unique impact on DIF over and above socioeconomic status. Conclusions The CBCL/1.5-5, a caregiver-report measure of early childhood behavior problems, showed bias across demographic groups. Robust item sets with less DIF can measure Internalizing and Total Problems equally as well as the full item sets, with slightly lower reliability for Externalizing, and can be crosswalked to the metric of the full item set, enabling calculation of normed T scores based on more robust item sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Maxwell Mansolf
- Department of Medical Social SciencesFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Monica McGrath
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Marie L. Churchill
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Traci A. Bekelman
- Department of EpidemiologyColorado School of Public HealthAuroraCOUSA
| | | | - Amy E. Margolis
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Sara S. Nozadi
- Community Environmental HealthCollege of PharmacyHealth Sciences CenterUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNMUSA
| | - Theresa M. Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | - Kaja Z. LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Julie A. Hofheimer
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Neonatal‐Perinatal MedicineNorth Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Leslie D. Leve
- Prevention Science InstituteUniversity of OregonEugeneORUSA
| | - Brandon Rennie
- Health Sciences CenterDepartment of PediatricsCenter for Development and DisabilityUniversity of New MexicoNavajo Birth Cohort StudyAlbuquerqueNMUSA
| | - Emily Zimmerman
- Communication Sciences & DisordersNortheastern UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - Carmen A. Marable
- School of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillNeuroscience CurriculumChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Cindy T. McEvoy
- Department of PediatricsPape Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of PsychologyWashington State UniversityPullmanWAUSA
| | - Alexis Sullivan
- Center for Health and CommunityUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Tracey J. Woodruff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Samiran Ghosh
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science & Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials (CCCT)University of Texas School of Public HealthHoustonTXUSA
| | - Bennett Leventhal
- University of ChicagoNavajo Birth Cohort StudyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNMUSA
| | - Assiamira Ferrara
- Division of ResearchKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCAUSA
| | - Johnnye Lewis
- Navajo Birth Cohort StudyCommunity Environmental Health ProgramCollege of PharmacyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNMUSA
| | - Somer Bishop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
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Barrett ES, Day DB, Szpiro A, Peng J, Loftus CT, Ziausyte U, Kannan K, Trasande L, Zhao Q, Nguyen RHN, Swan S, Karr CJ, LeWinn KZ, Sathyanarayana S, Bush NR. Prenatal exposures to phthalates and life events stressors in relation to child behavior at age 4-6: A combined cohort analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108425. [PMID: 38199129 PMCID: PMC10863744 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal exposures to chemical and psychosocial stressors can impact the developing brain, but few studies have examined their joint effects. We examined associations between prenatal phthalate exposures and child behavior, hypothesizing that prenatal stressful life events (PSLEs) may exacerbate risks. To do so, we harmonized data from three U.S. pregnancy cohorts comprising the ECHO-PATHWAYS consortium. Phthalate metabolites were measured in single mid-pregnancy urine samples. When children were ages 4-6 years, mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), from which a Total Problems score was calculated. Mothers additionally provided recall on their exposure to 14 PSLEs during pregnancy. Primary models examined problem behaviors in relation to: (1) phthalate mixtures calculated through weighted quantile sums regression with permutation test-derived p-values; and (2) joint exposure to phthalate mixtures and PSLEs (counts) using interaction terms. We subsequently refitted models stratified by child sex. Secondarily, we fit linear and logistic regression models examining individual phthalate metabolites. In our main, fully adjusted models (n = 1536 mother-child dyads), we observed some evidence of weak main effects of phthalate mixtures on problem behaviors in the full cohort and stratified by child sex. Interaction models revealed unexpected relationships whereby greater gestational exposure to PSLEs predicted reduced associations between some phthalates (e.g., the metabolites of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, di-iso-nonyl phthalate) and problem behaviors, particularly in males. Few associations were observed in females. Additional research is needed to replicate results and examine potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Drew B Day
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Adam Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - James Peng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Christine T Loftus
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ugne Ziausyte
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | | | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Ruby H N Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Shanna Swan
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Abd Rahim MH, Ibrahim MI, Ab Rahman A, Yaacob NM, Hashim NSF. Emotional and Behavioural Problems among Preschool Children in Northeast Peninsular Malaysia: Parent Report Version. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1828. [PMID: 37444662 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11131828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of mental health disorders among children is a serious concern. Young children who exhibit early warning signs of mental health issues are more likely to develop symptoms in the same or overlapping regions years later. The research aimed to identify emotional and behavioural problems and associated factors in Malaysian preschools. A sample of young children aged 4-6 years from public and private preschools was chosen using a multistage random sampling method. Data were collected from 18 preschools via a parent survey using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The sample involved 557 children in the SDQ assessment (92%). The overall estimated prevalence of emotional and behavioural problems was 8.4%. Peer problems were the most prevalent attribute, with a percentage of 19.7%. Conduct problems were found in 5.2%, hyperactivity problems in 5.6%, prosocial behaviours in 13.5%, and emotional problems in 6.8%. Girls showed a significant increase in behavioural and emotional problems compared to boys. Having one parent working, having more than two siblings, and having a single-parent family were associated with emotional and behavioural problems. The prevalence of emotional and behavioural problems in Malaysian children was relatively low compared to data from previous studies and other Asian countries but consistent with European studies. Measuring mental health disparities in young children helps stakeholders launch local early intervention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hazni Abd Rahim
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ismail Ibrahim
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azriani Ab Rahman
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Najib Majdi Yaacob
- Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Syuhada Farhanis Hashim
- Unit of Psychology Counselling, Bachok District Health Office, Kelantan State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Bachok 16300, Kelantan, Malaysia
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4
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Shih EW, Ahmad SI, Bush NR, Roubinov D, Tylavsky F, Graff C, Karr CJ, Sathyanarayana S, LeWinn KZ. A path model examination: maternal anxiety and parenting mediate the association between maternal adverse childhood experiences and children's internalizing behaviors. Psychol Med 2023; 53:112-122. [PMID: 34001294 PMCID: PMC9290334 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721001203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children of mothers with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are at increased risk for developmental problems. However, the mechanisms through which a mother's experience of ACEs are transmitted to her offspring are understudied. The current study investigates potential modifiable mediators (maternal psychopathology and parenting) of the association between maternal ACEs and children's behavioral problems. METHODS We utilized data from a pregnancy cohort study (N = 1030; CANDLE study) to investigate longitudinal associations between maternal ACEs, postpartum anxiety, observed parenting behavior, and child internalizing behaviors (meanage = 4.31 years, s.d. age = 0.38) in a racially diverse (67% Black; 33% White/Other) sample. We used structural equation modeling to test for direct associations between maternal ACEs and children's internalizing behaviors, as well as indirect associations via two simple mediations (maternal anxiety and parenting), and one serial mediation (sequence of maternal anxiety to parenting). RESULTS Simple mediation results indicated that maternal anxiety and cognitive growth fostering behaviors independently mediated the association between maternal ACEs and child internalizing. We observed no evidence of a serial mediation from ACEs to internalizing via the effects of maternal anxiety on parenting. CONCLUSIONS This study supports and refines extant literature by confirming the intergenerational association between maternal ACEs and child internalizing behaviors in a large, diverse sample, and identifies potential modifiable mediators: maternal anxiety and parenting behaviors related to fostering cognitive development. Findings may inform interventions targeting mothers who have experienced ACEs and suggest that providing support around specific parenting behaviors and addressing maternal anxiety may reduce internalizing behaviors in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily W. Shih
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shaikh I. Ahmad
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicole R. Bush
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaja Z. LeWinn
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Relación entre modelos operantes internos y nivel educacional materno, con la teoría de la mente en niños chilenos de 3 y 4 años: rol mediador del lenguaje mentalizante materno. ACTA COLOMBIANA DE PSICOLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.14718/acp.2023.26.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
La teoría de la mente (ToM) es la capacidad de reconocer los propios estados mentales y predecir los de otros, habilidad fundamental en el desarrollo socioemocional/cognitivo en preescolares. El presente estudio buscó describir la ToM de niños chilenos de 3 y 4 años, analizar las diferencias en su desarrollo según la edad y el rol mediador del lenguaje mentalizante(LM) materno, considerando el sexo de los niños, los modelos operantes internos (MOI) y el nivel educacional materno. La muestra fueron 110 niños con sus madres. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, pruebas para evaluar la ToM, el LM y los MOI de las madres. Un 50.9 % de los niños se ubicó en el quintil 1 de la ToM y ninguno logró llegar al quinto. Las habilidades de la ToM con un mayor nivel de logro diferenciaron entre pretender y realidad (60.0 %) y la de diferenciar laperspectiva visual propia y de otro (50.9 %). Un 59.1 % de los niños no logró inferir deseos a través de la mirada, un 83.6 % no logró la habilidad de acceso al conocimiento, y un 100 % no logró la falsa creencia. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas entre niños de distintos rangos etarios en el desarrollo de la ToM, sugiriendo una creciente dificultad de adquisición de sus habilidades. Además, un mayor lm de las madres se relacionó con mayor desarrollo de la ToM en los niños,con un rol mediador en la influencia de los moi y nivel educacional materno sobre la ToM.
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Širvinskienė G, Antinienė D, Griciūtė A, Dulksnienė L, Asisi V, Kregždytė R, Kerbl V, Amtmann E. Effectiveness of the ELLA Training for the Promotion of Emotional and Social Competences in Lithuanian Preschool Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12195. [PMID: 36231494 PMCID: PMC9566691 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
By developing the emotional and social competences of children of preschool age, one can expect the prevention of emotional and behavioral problems and a better social and academic adaptation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the ELLA training for the promotion of emotional and social competences in 3-6-year-old children in preschool education institutions in Lithuania. In total, 140 children aged 3-6 years participated in the quasi-experimental study, of which 86 children were assigned to the experimental group and 54 were assigned to the control group. Children of the experimental group were given a modified program-the ELLA training for the promotion of emotional and social competences. Children's emotional and social competences were assessed before and after the program. The EMK 3-6 inventory (germ. Inventar zur Erfassung Emotionaler Kompetenzen bei Drei-bis Sechsjährigen, EMK 3-6) was used to conduct a questionnaire survey of teachers and to carry out an individual assessment performed by psychologists in order to assess the children's competences. The ELLA training significantly improved children's emotional and social competences. Based on the teachers' assessment, the children's self-regulation abilities improved, and based on the children's individual assessment conducted by psychologists, the application of the program resulted in the improvement of the children's primary emotions, secondary emotions, and prosocial behavior competences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giedrė Širvinskienė
- Department of Health Psychology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Health Research Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Antinienė
- Department of Health Psychology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aušra Griciūtė
- Department of Health Psychology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Liudmila Dulksnienė
- Department of Languages and Education, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Jankaus g. 2, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vaidilutė Asisi
- Department of Health Psychology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Autism Therapy Center of the Vkkj, The Sonnwendviertel Outpatient Clinic, Maria Lassnig Street 2, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rima Kregždytė
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Verena Kerbl
- Department of Health Psychology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Education Sciences, Private University College of Teacher Education Augustinum, Lange Gasse 2, 8020 Graz, Austria
| | - Elfriede Amtmann
- Department of Health Psychology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Education Sciences, Private University College of Teacher Education Augustinum, Lange Gasse 2, 8020 Graz, Austria
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Hruschak JL, Palopoli AC, Thomason ME, Trentacosta CJ. Maternal-fetal attachment, parenting stress during infancy, and child outcomes at age 3 years. Infant Ment Health J 2022; 43:681-694. [PMID: 35962730 PMCID: PMC9580238 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.22004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Maternal-fetal attachment (MFA), a woman's relationship with and affiliative behaviors toward her unborn child, has been linked to near-term infant physical and developmental outcomes. However, further longitudinal research is needed to understand whether the impact of MFA extends past the earliest years of life. The current study explored relationships between MFA and child socioemotional competence and behavior problems at age 3 and whether parenting stress mediated the association between MFA and child outcomes. Data were collected from 221 primarily Black/African-American mothers who completed a scale of MFA during pregnancy. Mothers reported on parenting stress at infant age 7 months and reported on child socioemotional competence and problem behaviors at child age 3 years. In path analyses, MFA was directly associated with child socioemotional competence at age 3 years, but an indirect association between MFA and socioemotional competence via parenting stress was not significant. We also observed a significant indirect association between lower MFA and child internalizing behavior problems via parenting stress that was related to maternal dissatisfaction regarding interactions with her child. Findings suggest that assessing MFA may serve as a means to identify dyads who would benefit from support to promote individual health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Hruschak
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ava C Palopoli
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Moriah E Thomason
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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8
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Binda V, Olhaberry M, Castañon C, Abarca C, Caamaño C. A Group Videoconferencing Intervention (C@nnected) to Improve Maternal Sensitivity: Protocol for a Randomized Feasibility Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e35881. [PMID: 35969451 PMCID: PMC9425171 DOI: 10.2196/35881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early childhood development is highly dependent on the sensitive care provided by caregivers, and interventions focused on supporting parents to improve their sensitivity have shown to be effective. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on mental health, with pregnant women and mothers of infants being an especially vulnerable group and maternal sensitivity particularly affected. However, access to face-to-face interventions is restricted; thus, it is important to have remote interventions to support this group of mothers. Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of C@nnected, a group videoconferencing intervention to improve maternal sensitivity aimed at mother-infant dyads attending primary health care centers in vulnerable areas of Santiago, Chile. Methods This is a randomized feasibility single-masked (outcome assessor) study with a qualitative component. It will involve a block randomization procedure to generate a 3:2 allocation ratio (with more people allocated to the intervention arm). The intervention consists of 4 group videoconferencing sessions adapted from a face-to-face intervention with proven effectiveness. The control group will receive treatment as usual, along with educational brochures. The feasibility and acceptability of this study will be quantitatively and qualitatively assessed. Changes in clinical outcomes relating to maternal sensitivity, depressive symptoms, postpartum maternal attachment, and infant socioemotional development will also be evaluated. Results We finished adapting the face-to-face intervention to the videoconferencing format in July 2021. The study began recruitment in August 2021, and enrollment is expected to end in August 2022, with final study results expected in December 2022. Conclusions This study will contribute evidence for the use of eHealth interventions to promote maternal sensitivity. It will also inform the design and implementation of a future randomized clinical trial. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04904861; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04904861 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/35881
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Binda
- Deparment of Family Medicine, Medicine Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcia Olhaberry
- School of Psychology, Social Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Castañon
- Deparment of Family Medicine, Medicine Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Abarca
- School of Psychology, Social Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Caamaño
- School of Psychology, Social Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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9
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Morris BJ, Moreton S, Bailis SA, Cox G, Krieger JN. Critical evaluation of contrasting evidence on whether male circumcision has adverse psychological effects: A systematic review. J Evid Based Med 2022; 15:123-135. [PMID: 35785439 PMCID: PMC9540570 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct the first systematic review critically examining evidence on whether early male circumcision has short- and long-term adverse psychological effects. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. RESULTS Twenty-four studies with original data met the inclusion criteria. These comprised 11,173 total males, 4340 circumcised in infancy and 6908 uncircumcised. Nineteen were rated 1+, 2++ or 2+, and 5 were rated 2- by SIGN criteria. Neonatal circumcision, particularly without anesthetic, increased vaccination pain response, but had little effect on breastfeeding or cognitive ability. Studies reporting associations with sudden infant death syndrome, autism, alexithymia and impaired sexual function and pleasure had design flaws and were rated 2-. Sexual arousal, touch, pain, and warmth thresholds measured by quantitative sensory testing were not diminished in neonatally circumcised men. Neonatal circumcision was not associated with empathy in men, contradicting the hypothesis that procedural pain causes central nervous system changes. After correcting all associations with socioaffective processing parameters for multiple testing only higher sociosexual desire, dyadic sexual libido/drive, and stress remained significant. The relatively greater sexual activity found in circumcised men might reflect reduced sexual activity in uncircumcised men overall owing to pain and psychological aversion in those with foreskin-related medical conditions (reverse causality). Most studies employed case-control designs with limited follow-up. Studies beyond childhood were prone to confounding. CONCLUSION The highest quality evidence suggest that neonatal and later circumcision has limited or no short-term or long-term adverse psychological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Morris
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthSchool of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | | | - Guy Cox
- School of AerospaceMechanical & Mechatronic EngineeringUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and MicroanalysisUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - John N. Krieger
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattle
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10
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Narea M, Cumsille P, Allel K. The impact of time of entrance to center-based care on children’s general, language, and behavioral development. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/01650254221089610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are contrasting results of the association between center-based care attendance and child development, mainly related to how the time of entry and permanence in the program relates to developmental outcomes. Using latent class analysis in a nationally representative sample of Chilean children between 6 and 35 months old ( n = 3,992), and controlling for the child’s age, maternal education, mother’s marital status, and household income, we identify three different timings of entrance in center-based care programs. The three timings of entrance were defined as early-entry (16%), those children who are more likely to enter before they are 6 months old; middle-entry (16%), those who are more likely to enter when they are between 6 and 18 months old; and late-entry (68%), those children with a low probability of enrollment any time before they are 35 months old. We found that children from the early- and middle-entry classes had higher language development when compared with children from the late-entry class. Still, only those from the middle-entry class showed higher general development in the Battelle test. In contrast, children in the early- and middle-entry classes presented higher scores in the Child Behavior Checklist’s externalizing behavior scale than children in the late-entry class. Our findings highlight the existence of a likely linkage between the timing of entry to center-based care and child development. It is essential to understand the potential advantages of center-based care in younger children, especially in enhancing their vocabulary and general development, and the potential negative association of early-entry with problematic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kasim Allel
- University College London, UK
- Universidad Mayor, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of the Life Course and Vulnerability (MLIV), Chile
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11
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Sourander A, Ristkari T, Kurki M, Gilbert S, Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki S, Kinnunen M, Pulkki-Råback L, McGrath PJ. Effectiveness of an Internet-Based and Telephone-Assisted Training for Parents of 4-Year-Old Children With Disruptive Behavior: Implementation Research. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e27900. [PMID: 35377332 PMCID: PMC9016503 DOI: 10.2196/27900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a lack of effectiveness studies when digital parent training programs are implemented in real-world practice. The efficacy of the internet-based and telephone-assisted Finnish Strongest Families Smart Website (SFSW) parent training intervention on the disruptive behavior of 4-year-old children was studied in a randomized controlled trial setting in Southwest Finland between 2011 and 2013. After that, the intervention was implemented nationwide in child health clinics from 2015 onwards. Objective The main aim of this study was to compare the treatment characteristics and effectiveness of the SFSW parent training intervention between the families who received the intervention when it was implemented as a normal practice in child health clinics and the families who received the same intervention during the randomized controlled trial. Methods The implementation group comprised 600 families who were recruited in the SFSW intervention between January 2015 and May 2017 in real-world implementation. The RCT intervention group comprised 232 families who were recruited between October 2011 and November 2013. The same demographic and child and parent measures were collected from both study groups and were compared using linear mixed-effect models for repeated measurements. The child psychopathology and functioning level were measured using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) version 1.5-5 for preschool children, the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU), and a modified version of the Barkley Home Situations Questionnaire. Parenting skills were measured using the 31-item Parenting Scale and the shorter 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The estimated child and parent outcomes were adjusted for CBCL externalizing scores at baseline, maternal education, duration of the behavior problems, and paternal age. The baseline measurements of each outcome were used as covariates. Results The implementation group was more likely to complete the intervention than the RCT intervention group (514/600, 85.7% vs 176/232, 75.9%, respectively; P<.001). There were no significant differences between the implementation and RCT intervention groups with regard to child measures, including CBCL externalizing score (–0.2, 95% CI –1.3 to 1.6; P=.83), total score (–0.7, 95% CI –3.0 to 4.5; P=.70), internalizing score (–0.3, 95% CI –1.0 to 1.6; P=.64), and ICU total score (–0.4, 95% Cl –1.9 to 1.2; P=.64). No significant difference was detected in the Parenting Scale total score (0.0, 95% Cl –0.1 to 0.1; P=.50), while DASS-21 total score differed nearly significantly (2.5, 95% Cl 0.0-5.1; P=.05), indicating better improvement in the implementation group. Conclusions The internet-based and telephone-assisted SFSW parent training intervention was effectively implemented in real-world settings. These findings have implications for addressing the unmet needs of children with disruptive behavior problems. Our initiative could also provide a quick socially distanced solution for the considerable mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01750996; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01750996 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/1471-2458-13-985
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Sourander
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Finland INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Terja Ristkari
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Finland INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marjo Kurki
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Finland INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,ITLA Children's Foundation, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sonja Gilbert
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Finland INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Susanna Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Finland INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Malin Kinnunen
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Finland INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Finland INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrick J McGrath
- Centre for Research in Family Health, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Faculty of Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Strongest Families Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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12
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Çelen Yoldaş T, Özdel S, Karakaya J, Bülbül M. Developmental and Behavioral Problems of Preschool-Age Children with Chronic Rheumatic Diseases. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2022; 43:e162-e169. [PMID: 34510109 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000001007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common autoimmune and familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) the most common autoinflammatory chronic rheumatic disease in childhood. We aimed first to identify developmental and behavioral problems of preschool-age children with common chronic rheumatic diseases, second to compare the diagnostic categories, and third to elucidate the associated factors with these difficulties. METHOD Of the 91 participants included in this study, 46 were children with rheumatic diseases (27 with JIA and 19 with FMF) and 45 were healthy children. The general developmental and emotional/behavioral problems of each child were evaluated by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire and Child Behavior Checklist-1½-5, respectively. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory were used for maternal well-being. RESULTS Internalizing problem scores were increased, and the percentage of children who failed at least 1 developmental domain and experienced delays in fine motor and problem-solving domains were higher in children with chronic rheumatic diseases when compared with healthy children. Being in the group of rheumatic diseases, fewer maternal education years and higher screen time were found to be independent risk factors significantly associated with any developmental delay in the multivariable model. Maternal trait anxiety scores were positively associated with internalizing and total problems only in FMF. CONCLUSION Preschool-age children with a diagnosis of chronic rheumatic diseases were more vulnerable for developmental and behavioral problems compared with healthy children. The management of chronic rheumatic diseases in the early years should include the screening of developmental and behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Çelen Yoldaş
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Semanur Özdel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jale Karakaya
- Department of Biostatistics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bülbül
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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13
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Rodrigues C, Zeitlin J, Carvalho AR, Gonzaga D, Barros H. Behavioral and emotional outcomes at preschool age in children born very preterm: The role of breast milk feeding practices. Early Hum Dev 2022; 165:105535. [PMID: 35038626 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2021.105535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast milk feeding (BMF) improved neurodevelopment in children born very preterm (VPT, <32 weeks of gestation), but knowledge about its effect on other mental health outcomes remains limited. OBJECTIVE To estimate the association of BMF practices with behavioral and emotional problems at preschool age in children born VPT. METHODS We studied 263 children born VPT during 2011-12 and enrolled in the Portuguese EPICE cohort. At the age of 3, information on BMF initiation and duration was collected and behavioral and emotional problems were assessed using the parents' completed Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5 years (CBCL/1½-5). Children were categorized for all CBCL/1½-5 sub-scales and for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM5)-oriented scales. Risk ratios were estimated to assess the association of BMF with subclinical/clinical problems, fitting a Poisson regression. RESULTS Behavioral or emotional subclinical/clinical problems were found in almost 20% of children (11.8% in the clinical range). BMF was consistently associated with lower adverse behavioral and emotional outcomes, particularly risks of externalizing problems, somatic complaints, aggressive behavior, as well as autism spectrum and attention deficit/hyperactivity symptoms, although the magnitude of the unadjusted risks was attenuated by adjustment for relevant confounders and wider confidence intervals included the null. CONCLUSION Lower exposure to BMF seemed to increase the risk of adverse behavioral and emotional outcomes at preschool age in children born VPT. These results raise questions about explanatory pathways and strengthen evidence underpinning BMF promotion for VPT children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Rodrigues
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Jennifer Zeitlin
- Université de Paris, CRESS, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), INSERM, INRA, F-75004 Paris, France
| | - Ana Raquel Carvalho
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Gonzaga
- Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospital Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrique Barros
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
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14
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Nöthling J, Laughton B, Seedat S. Maternal depression and infant social withdrawal as predictors of behaviour and development in vertically HIV-infected children at 3.5 years. Paediatr Int Child Health 2021; 41:268-277. [PMID: 35235497 DOI: 10.1080/20469047.2021.2023436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In low- and middle-income countries, there is a high prevalence of post-partum depression and it is often associated with HIV status. Maternal depression negatively affects mothering and can lead to social withdrawal in infants. Maternal depression and infant social withdrawal can have deleterious long-term effects on children's behaviour and neurodevelopmental trajectories. AIM To investigate whether maternal depression and infant social withdrawal at 10-12 months post-partum were significant predictors of child behaviour and development at 42 months. METHOD Seventy-four mother-infant dyads living with HIV were followed in a prospective, longitudinal design. Mothers were assessed for depression using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D). Infant social withdrawal was assessed by the modified Alarm Distress Baby Scale (m-ADBB), and development and behaviour were evaluated by the Griffiths Mental Development Scales (GMDS) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), respectively. RESULTS Maternal depression explained 4.8% of the variance in child behaviour (β = 0.98, t = 2.05, p < 0.05) and 10.3% of the variance in development (β = -0.30, t = -2.66, p < 0.05). Infant social withdrawal was not a significant predictor of behaviour (β = 3.27, t = 1.36, p = 0.18), but it did uniquely explain 7% of the variance in development (β = -1.32, t = -2.48, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In the context of HIV, screening for maternal depression and the quality of mother-infant interactions are important (especially in the 1st year post-partum), given the significant long-term impact they have on behaviour and neurodevelopment. ABBREVIATIONS ANOVA: analysis of variance; ART: antiretroviral therapy; CBCL: Child Behavioral Checklist; CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CHEI: children HIV-exposed and infected; CHER: Children with HIV Early Antiretroviral Treatment Trial; CHEU: children HIV-exposed and uninfected; CHUU: children HIV-unexposed and -uninfected; GMDS: Griffiths Mental Development Scales; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; LMIC: low- and middle-income countries; m-ADBB: modified Alarm Distress Baby Scale; NRF: National Research Foundation; SAMRC: South African Medical Research Council; WHO: World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Nöthling
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Barbara Laughton
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Abstract
Bottom-up paradigms prioritize empirical data from which to derive conceptualizations of psychopathology. These paradigms use multivariate statistics to identify syndromes of problems that tend to co-occur plus higher-order groupings such as those designated as internalizing and externalizing. Bottom-up assessment instruments obtain self-ratings and collateral ratings of behavioral, emotional, social, and thought problems and strengths for ages 1½-90+. Ratings of population samples provide norms for syndrome and higher-order scales for each gender, at different ages, rated by different informants, in relation to multicultural norms. The normed assessment instruments operationalize the empirically derived syndromes and higher-order groupings for applications to clinical services, research, and training. Because cross-informant agreement is modest and no single informant provides comprehensive assessment data, software compares ratings by different informants. Top-down paradigms prioritize conceptual representations of the nature and structure of psychopathology, as exemplified by psychodynamic, DSM/ICD, and HiTOP paradigms. Although these paradigms originated with observations, they tend to prioritize conceptual representations over empirical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Achenbach
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05401, USA;
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Rugytė D, Širvinskienė G, Kregždytė R. The Behavioral Problems in 2.5-5 Years Old Children Linked with Former Neonatal/Infantile Surgical Parameters. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8050423. [PMID: 34065274 PMCID: PMC8160720 DOI: 10.3390/children8050423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Studies report the link between exposure to major neonatal surgery and the risk of later neurodevelopmental disorders. The aim of this study was to find out the behavioral problem scores of 2.5–5 years old children who had undergone median/major non-cardiac surgery before the age of 90 days, and to relate these to intraoperative cerebral tissue oxygenation values (rSO2), perioperative duration of mechanical ventilation (DMV) and doses of sedative/analgesic agents. Internalizing (IP) and externalizing problems (EP) of 34 children were assessed using the CBCL for ages 1½–5. Median (range) IP and EP scores were 8.5 (2–42) and 15.5 (5–33), respectively and did not correlate with intraoperative rSO2. DMV correlated and was predictive for EP (β (95% CI) 0.095 (0.043; 0.148)). An aggregate variable “opioid dose per days of ventilation” was predictive for EP after adjusting for patients’ gestational age and age at the day of psychological assessment, after further adjustment for age at the day of surgery and for cumulative dose of benzodiazepines (β (95% CI 0.009 (0.003; 0.014) and 0.008 (0.002; 0.014), respectively). Neonatal/infantile intraoperative cerebral oxygenation was not associated with later behavioral problems. The risk factors for externalizing problems appeared to be similar to the risk factors in preterm infant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danguolė Rugytė
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
| | - Giedrė Širvinskienė
- Department of Health Psychology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Health Research Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rima Kregždytė
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Macronutrient Intake in Pregnancy and Child Cognitive and Behavioural Outcomes. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8050425. [PMID: 34065501 PMCID: PMC8161020 DOI: 10.3390/children8050425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal nutrient exposures can impact on brain development and disease susceptibility across the lifespan. It is well established that maternal macronutrient intake during pregnancy influences foetal and infant development. Therefore, we hypothesise that macronutrient intakes during pregnancy are correlated with cognitive development during early childhood. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal macronutrient intake during pregnancy and child cognitive and behavioural outcomes at age 4 years. We analysed prospective data from a cohort of 64 Australian mother-child dyads. Maternal macronutrient intake was assessed using a validated 74-item food frequency questionnaire at 2 timepoints during pregnancy. Child cognition and behaviour were measured at age 4 years using the validated Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, 3rd version (WPPSI-III) and the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBC). Linear regression models were used to quantify statistical relationships and were adjusted for maternal age, education, pre-pregnancy BMI, breastfeeding duration and birthweight. Child Performance IQ was inversely associated with maternal starch intake (b = -11.02, p = 0.03). However, no other associations were found. Further research is needed to explore the association between different types of starch consumed during pregnancy and child cognitive development.
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Lionetti F, Dellagiulia A, Verderame C, Sperati A, Bodale G, Spinelli M, Fasolo M. The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire: Identification of sleep dimensions, normative values, and associations with behavioral problems in Italian preschoolers. Sleep Health 2021; 7:390-396. [PMID: 33867310 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the use of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) to evaluate sleep problems dimensions, norm values, and association of sleep problems with behavioral problems in Italian preschoolers. DESIGN Sleep dimensions in CSHQ were investigated via parallel and principal component analyses, norm and at-risk values were investigated by exploring the association between CSHQ and the CBCL sleep problems scale, and bivariate associations between CSHQ and internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems were computed. PARTICIPANTS A total of 725 mothers of preschool children (mean age = 4.59 years; SD = 0.97 years; range: 3-6 years) from 10 kindergartens in Central Italy. MEASUREMENTS CSHQ together with the Child Behavior Checklist 1 ½-5 (CBCL). RESULTS The analyses suggested the existence of 7 sleep dimensions, which were meaningfully interpretable. The CSHQ total score had good internal consistency and showed strong associations with the sleep problems scale of the CBCL. Children scoring in the normative range of the CBCL sleep problems scale had a mean value at the CSHQ total score of 47.03 (6.42), children scoring in the borderline and clinical range (4.4%) of 57.13 (5.11). Moderate associations were found between CSHQ total score and internalizing and CBCL externalizing behavioral problems. CONCLUSIONS CSHQ values were higher than those reported in other countries and with school-age children, but only a small number of children belonged to the at-risk group based on CBCL norms for the sleep problems scale. CSHQ moderately and comparably correlated with internalizing and externalizing problems. The CSHQ is a meaningful tool for the investigation of sleep problems in Italian preschoolers. Given the heterogeneity of item frequencies at a dimension level, considering scores along items and dimensions might be more informative at a clinical and applied level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lionetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | | | - Chiara Verderame
- Department of Psychology, Salesian University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sperati
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Gabriela Bodale
- Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Maria Spinelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Mirco Fasolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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Qureshi F, Derks IP, Jaddoe VW, Williams MA, Koenen KC, Tiemeier H, Kubzansky LD. Mental Health in Early Childhood and Changes in Cardiometabolic Dysregulation by Preadolescence. Psychosom Med 2021; 83:256-264. [PMID: 33657082 PMCID: PMC8016708 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poor mental health in childhood is associated with a greater risk of cardiometabolic disease in adulthood, but less is known about when these associations begin to emerge. This study tests whether poor mental health (indexed by emotional and behavioral problems) in early childhood predicts increases in cardiometabolic dysregulation over 4 years of follow-up. METHODS Data are from 4327 participants in the Generation R Study. Problem behaviors were reported by mothers using the Child Behavior Checklist at age 6 years. Repeated measurements of six cardiometabolic parameters were collected at ages 6 and 10 years: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, C-reactive protein, and body mass index. Standardized measures were used to create continuous cardiometabolic dysregulation scores at ages 6 and 10 years. Change in dysregulation was defined as the difference in dysregulation scores over time. Cross-sectional and prospective associations were tested using linear regression, sequentially adjusting for relevant confounders. Additional analyses examined whether prospective relationships were robust to adjustment for baseline levels of dysregulation. RESULTS There was no association between child problem behaviors and cardiometabolic dysregulation at age 6 years. However, higher levels of problem behaviors predicted increases in cardiometabolic dysregulation (β = 0.12, 95% confidence interval = 0.00-0.23) from ages 6 to 10 years. CONCLUSIONS Worse child mental health may be associated with increases in cardiometabolic dysregulation by preadolescence. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that adverse physiologic effects of psychological distress identified in adult populations may be observed as early as childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Qureshi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Ivonne P.M. Derks
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam
| | - Vincent W.V. Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam
| | | | | | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Laura D. Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
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Deichmann F, Ahnert L. The terrible twos: How children cope with frustration and tantrums and the effect of maternal and paternal behaviors. INFANCY 2021; 26:469-493. [DOI: 10.1111/infa.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Deichmann
- Faculty of Psychology Research Unit Early Childhood in Context University of Vienna Wien Austria
| | - Lieselotte Ahnert
- Faculty of Psychology Research Unit Early Childhood in Context University of Vienna Wien Austria
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21
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Preschoolers’ social skills and behavior problems: A cross-cultural exploratory study of Angolan and Portuguese teachers’ perceptions. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01375-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Farkas C, Girard LC, MacBeth A. Predictors of emotional problems in 5-year-old children: an international comparison between two cohorts in Chile and Scotland. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01336-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rantalainen K, Paavola-Ruotsalainen L, Alakortes J, Carter AS, Ebeling HE, Kunnari S. Early vocabulary development: Relationships with prelinguistic skills and early social-emotional/behavioral problems and competencies. Infant Behav Dev 2021; 62:101525. [PMID: 33472097 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2020.101525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate early vocabulary development and its relationships with prelinguistic communication skills and social-emotional/behavioral (SEB1) problems and competencies. The participants were 58 healthy Finnish-speaking children (30 girls, 28 boys). First, the concurrent relationships were investigated at the age of 18 months. Second, the relationships between prelinguistic communication skills and SEB problems and competencies at 18 months, and subsequent vocabulary scores at 24 and 30 months, were examined. Parental reports on early vocabulary (MacArthur Communicative Developmental Inventories; MCDI), prelinguistic communication skills (The Infant-Toddler Checklist of the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile; ITC), SEB problems and competencies (Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment; BITSEA) were gathered. Compared to boys, girls scored significantly higher on ITC Speech Composite at 18 months and expressive vocabulary measures at 18, 24, and 30 months. Vocabulary, as well as prelinguistic communication measures, correlated with SEB competencies at 18 months. Furthermore, vocabulary, as well as ITC Symbolic Composite and Total Score, correlated negatively with externalizing problem and SEB Total Problem scores. With regard to subsequent vocabulary development, all of the prelinguistic communication measures at 18 months correlated with vocabulary at 24 and 30 months. However, when accounted for gender and earlier vocabulary, only the associations with ITC Speech Composite and Total Score at 24 months remained significant. SEB Competencies at 18 months correlated positively, while externalizing problems at 18 months correlated negatively with vocabulary at 24 and 30 months, however, these associations did not remain significant, when accounted for gender and earlier vocabulary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katariina Rantalainen
- Faculty of Humanities, Logopedics, Child Language Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Sanapolku Oy, Therapy Center, Kouvola, Finland.
| | - Leila Paavola-Ruotsalainen
- Faculty of Humanities, Logopedics, Child Language Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Attentio Oy, Therapy Center, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaana Alakortes
- Unit of Child Psychiatry, Health Care Services for Families with Children, Family Services, Kainuu Social and Health Care Joint Authority, Kajaani, Finland; PEDEGO Research Unit, Clinic of Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alice S Carter
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, USA
| | - Hanna E Ebeling
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Clinic of Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sari Kunnari
- Faculty of Humanities, Logopedics, Child Language Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Rescorla LA, Adams A, Ivanova MY. The CBCL/1½-5's DSM-ASD Scale: Confirmatory Factor Analyses Across 24 Societies. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 50:3326-3340. [PMID: 31559509 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04189-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous research supports the CBCL/1½-5's DSM-ASD scale (and its precursor, the DSM-PDP scale) as a Level 1 ASD screener. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) with data from population samples in 24 societies (N = 19,850) indicated good measurement invariance across societies, especially for configural and metric invariance. Items 4. 25, 67, 80, and 98 may be especially good discriminators of ASD because they have tend to have low base rates, strong loadings on the ASD latent construct, and the best measurement invariance across societies. Further research is needed to test the discriminative power of these items in predicting ASD, but our strong measurement findings support the international psychometric robustness of the CBCL/1½-5's DSM-ASD scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Rescorla
- Department of Psychology, Bryn Mawr College, 101 N. Merion Avenue, Bryn Mawr, PA, 19010, USA.
| | - Allison Adams
- Department of Psychology, Bryn Mawr College, 101 N. Merion Avenue, Bryn Mawr, PA, 19010, USA
| | - Masha Y Ivanova
- University of Vermont, 1 S. Prospect Street, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
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25
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Mullick MSI, Islam M. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among 3-4 year olds in an urban sample in Bangladesh. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 54:102368. [PMID: 33271689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Preschool period is the most important stage of life when major development occurs that lays the foundation of later life. Nearly similar ranges of psychiatric disorders start during preschool age and they continue to childhood and adolescence. Early intervention can reduce risks of adverse psychosocial outcome and longitudinal continuity of disorders. Detailed assessment of psychiatric disorders among this population is increasingly of high importance. Present study was aimed to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among 3-4 year olds and to find out possible baseline correlates. This was a quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study carried out from March to May 2018 in 160 random urban community samples of Dhaka city. Of these, 86 were boys and 74 were girls. Household Questionnaire and validated parent version of Bangla Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for screening psychopathology had been applied to the consented parents or caregivers of the respondents. Mean age of the subjects was 3.63 ± 0.49 years. Overall, predictive prevalence of psychiatric disorder was 11.9 %. Among them, 4.4 % was emotional disorder, 5.6 % was conduct disorder and 1.9 % was hyperactivity. Prevalence of predictive psychiatric disorders was roughly similar in 3 and 4 years age. Girls had an excess of emotional disorder and boys had more behavioral disorder. Comorbidity was found at a higher rate with significant overlapping among the broad types of psychiatric disorders. This study supports the other findings of psychiatric disorders among the preschool children that would ultimately help in applying suitable screening procedures and subsequent management of psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S I Mullick
- Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Monirul Islam
- Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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26
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Rescorla LA, Genaro B, Ivanova MY. International Comparisons of Emotionally Reactive Problems in Preschoolers: CBCL/1½-5 Findings from 21 Societies. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2020; 49:773-786. [PMID: 31460796 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2019.1650366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Our goal was to conduct international comparisons of emotion regulation using the 9-item Emotionally Reactive (ER) syndrome of the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1½-5. We analyzed parent ratings for 17,964 preschoolers from 21 societies, which were grouped into 8 GLOBE study culture clusters (e.g., Nordic, Confucian Asian). Omnicultural broad base rates for ER items ranged from 8.0% to 38.8%. Rank ordering for mean item ratings varied widely across societies (omnicultural Q = .50) but less so across culture clusters (M Q = .66). Societal similarity in mean item rank ordering varied by culture cluster, with large within-cluster similarity for Anglo (Q = .96), Latin Europe (Q = .74), Germanic (Q = .77), and Latin American (Q = .76) clusters, but smaller within-cluster similarity for Nordic, Eastern Europe, and Confucian Asian clusters (Qs = .52, .23, and .44, respectively). Confirmatory factor analyses of the ER syndrome supported configural invariance for all 21 societies. All 9 items showed full to approximate metric invariance, but only 3 items showed approximate scalar invariance. The ER syndrome correlated . 65 with the Anxious/Depressed (A/D) syndrome and .63 with the Aggressive Behavior syndrome. ER items varied in base rates and factor loadings, and societies varied in rank ordering of items as low, medium, or high in mean ratings. Item rank order similarity among societies in the same culture cluster varied widely across culture clusters, suggesting the importance of cultural factors in the assessment of emotion regulation in preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Breana Genaro
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University
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27
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Braithwaite EC, Pickles A, Wright N, Sharp H, Hill J. Sex differences in foetal origins of child emotional symptoms: a test of evolutionary hypotheses in a large, general population cohort. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 61:1194-1202. [PMID: 32196666 PMCID: PMC8641379 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on previous findings from the Wirral Child Health and Development Study (WCHADS), and on evolutionary hypotheses, we preregistered analyses of data from a large epidemiological sample (https://osf.io/fn5g9/register/564d31db8c5e4a7c9694b2be), to test for sex-dependent moderation by prenatal maternal depressive symptoms of the association between postnatal maternal depressive symptoms and child emotional problems. METHODS A total of 8,354 mothers and children were followed from pregnancy to 3.5 years in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Self-report measures of prenatal and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms, and maternal report of child emotional symptoms were administered. RESULTS There was a three-way interaction between maternal prenatal and postnatal depression, and child sex (Coeff .042 95% CI 0.015 to 0.068, p = .002). This arose from moderation by prenatal depression, in opposite directions in boys and in girls. In boys, the association between postnatal depression and child emotional symptoms was weaker following lower prenatal depressive symptoms (interaction term coeff = .030, p = .001), and in girls, to a lesser extent, the association was stronger following lower prenatal depressive symptoms (interaction term coeff = -.012, p = .221). CONCLUSIONS We replicated the finding from the WCHADS that prenatal depression modifies the association between postnatal depression and children's emotional problems in a sex-dependent fashion. In ALSPAC, the sex difference was explained mainly by a protective effect of low prenatal depression in boys, while in WCHADS, it arose from greater vulnerability of girls to postnatal depression following low prenatal depression. In the light of these findings, in evaluating and implementing early interventions, there is need to consider that risks associated with postnatal depression may vary depending on maternal mood during pregnancy and may differ between boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. Braithwaite
- Department of PsychologyFaculty of Health, Psychology and Social CareManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | - Andrew Pickles
- Department of Biostatistics and Health InformaticsInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Nicola Wright
- Department of Biostatistics and Health InformaticsInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Helen Sharp
- Department of Psychological SciencesFaculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Jonathan Hill
- School for Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
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28
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Wesselhoeft R, Davidsen K, Sibbersen C, Kyhl H, Talati A, Andersen MS, Bilenberg N. Maternal prenatal stress and postnatal depressive symptoms: discrepancy between mother and teacher reports of toddler psychological problems. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 56:559-570. [PMID: 32995941 PMCID: PMC8005495 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01964-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Maternal prenatal stress and postnatal depression are reported to increase the risk for early offspring psychological problems. We examined whether these two stressors predicted toddler emotional or behavioral problems based on the mother and teacher reports, respectively. METHODS A longitudinal study within the Odense Child Cohort (OCC). Prenatal stress was assessed (gestation week 28) using Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Depressive symptoms were assessed (3 months after birth) using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Behavioral and emotional problems were assessed by mothers using the preschool version of Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and by teachers using the caregiver-teacher report form (CTR-F). RESULTS N = 1302 mother-child dyads were included. CBCL (N = 1302) was collected at 29 months (SD 5.3) and C-TRF (N = 989) at 32.6 months (SD 6.9). N = 70 mothers (5.4%) were at high risk for postnatal depression (EPDS score > 12). Generalized additive models showed that prenatal stress (increase of + 1 on PSS-10 total score) predicted an increase in CBCL (+ 0.011) and C-TRF (+ 0.015) total scores. Postnatal depressive symptoms (increase of + 1 on EPDS total score) only predicted an increase in CBCL total score (+ 0.026). CONCLUSION Prenatal maternal stress was a significant predictor of both mother and teacher reported toddler emotional and behavioral problems, although effect sizes were small. Postnatal depressive symptoms were associated with increased maternal (but not teacher) reporting of toddler problems. Mothers reported more toddler psychological problems than teachers, and the mother-teacher discrepancy was positively correlated to maternal postnatal depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wesselhoeft
- Research Unit of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Institute for Clinical Research, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - K Davidsen
- Research Unit of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Institute for Clinical Research, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - C Sibbersen
- Research Unit of E-Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - H Kyhl
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, University of Southern Denmark and Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense, Denmark
| | - A Talati
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - M S Andersen
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - N Bilenberg
- Research Unit of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Institute for Clinical Research, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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29
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Ugarte E, Narea M, Aldoney D, Weissman DG, Hastings PD. Family Risk and Externalizing Problems in Chilean Children: Mediation by Harsh Parenting and Emotional Support. Child Dev 2020; 92:871-888. [DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marigen Narea
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados sobre Justicia Educacional
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30
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Flores J, Caqueo-Urízar A, Ramírez C, Arancio G, Cofré JP. Locus of Control, Self-Control, and Gender as Predictors of Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Children and Adolescents in Northern Chile. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2015. [PMID: 32903499 PMCID: PMC7437181 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both the control that people attribute to themselves over a situation (locus of control) and the control they attribute to themselves (self-control) have been proposed as aspects that can have an effect on internalizing problems in young people. There is little evidence of this relationship in the infantile-juvenile population in Latin America. OBJECTIVE To establish whether there is a significant predictive relationship of locus of control and self-control over internalizing and externalizing problems in the infantile-juvenile population, both at a general level and dimension-specific. These include depression, anxiety, social anxiety, somatic complaints, and post-traumatic stress. METHODS A cross-sectional-correlational study was carried out to establish if there was a possible predictive relationship in 3,664 schoolchildren of both primary (4th-6th grade) and secondary (7th-12th grade) in northern Chile, using the short version of the Nowicki-Strickland scale to measure locus of control, the Tangney scale to measure self-control, and the Child and Adolescent Evaluation System (SENA) to measure the dimensions of internalized problems. HYPOTHESES (1) Greater self-control is associated with lower levels of internalizing and externalizing problems. (2) Higher external locus of control is associated with higher levels of internalizing and externalizing problems. (3) Self-control, locus of control, and gender can together significantly predict each of the internalizing and externalizing problems. RESULTS Evidence is found to support the first two hypotheses fully and partially support the third, since gender did not function as a predictor in all models. CONCLUSION The results confirm previous international research in that both locus of control and self-control appear to have a significant influence on internalizing and externalizing problems. Implications for mental health promotion in this population are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Flores
- Escuela de Psicología y Filosofía, Universidad de Tarapacá and Centro de Justicia Educacional, Arica, Chile
| | | | - Cristián Ramírez
- Escuela de Psicología y Filosofía, Universidad de Tarapacá and Centro de Justicia Educacional, Arica, Chile
| | - Giaela Arancio
- Escuela de Psicología y Filosofía, Universidad de Tarapacá and Centro de Justicia Educacional, Arica, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Cofré
- Escuela de Psicología y Filosofía, Universidad de Tarapacá and Centro de Justicia Educacional, Arica, Chile
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Exposure to Toenail Heavy Metals and Child Behavior Problems in Nine-Year-Old Children: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17114120. [PMID: 32527015 PMCID: PMC7313054 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral problems are multifactorial and includes perinatal, maternal, family, parenting, socio-economic and personal risk factors, but less is known about the association of postnatal heavy metals on children’s behavioral problems in Pacific Island children. Methods: A cohort of eligible nine-year-old children within a Pacific Island Families longitudinal study were recruited for a cross-sectional study. Child behavior problems were assessed using the child behavior checklist. Heavy metals (including Ni, Cu, Pb, Al, Cr and Cd) were determined in toenails, after acid digestion and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Other factors such as lifestyle (smoking in pregnancy), health outcomes (obesity, health status), demographics (gender, ethnicity, parents’ marital status) and socioeconomic status (household income levels) were also collected. The statistical analysis included t-tests for independent sample and Mann–Whitney U-test, and chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests of independence for comparisons of the proportions. Regression models tested the hypothesized risk factors for behavior outcomes. Results: This observational study enrolled 278 eligible Pacific Island children living in Auckland, New Zealand. The prevalence of behavioral problems in the clinical range was high (22%) but there was no significant association between heavy metals in toenails and adverse behavioral outcomes. Conclusion: Regular monitoring and assessments of children for environmental risk factors, as well as social and lifestyle factors for behavior problems, continues. Alternative indicators of exposure to heavy metal should be evaluated.
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32
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García-Hermoso A, Hormazábal-Aguayo I, Fernández-Vergara O, Olivares PR, Oriol-Granado X. Physical activity, screen time and subjective well-being among children. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2020; 20:126-134. [PMID: 32550852 PMCID: PMC7296239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to explore the differences between physical activity and/or screen time levels on cognitive (Life satisfaction LS) and affective (Positive affect, PA and Negative affect NA) components of subjective well-being (SWB) in children. METHOD This cross-sectional study enrolled 1,540 children (1,040 boys, 8-12 years old). LS, PA, NA, physical activity and screen time were assessed with validated questionnaires. RESULTS Children who reported 3 days per week of physical activity or less had lower LS and PA than counterparts with ≥6 days of physical activity per week (p < .05). Participants who reported 2 hours per day or less of screen time had lower NA than counterparts with 4 hours per day or more of screen time (p < .05). Also, children who meet physical activity guidelines have higher LS and PA compared to inactive peers, even with high screen time. In contrast, excessive screen time was also related with NA independent of the level of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that physical activity is related with positive feelings and LS, but does not eliminate the effect of screen time on negative feelings among Chilean children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Spain
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Ignacio Hormazábal-Aguayo
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Omar Fernández-Vergara
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Pedro R. Olivares
- Facultad de Educación, Psicología y Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Huelva, Spain
- Instituto de Actividad Física y Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile
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33
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The Association Between Hearing Impairment and Problem Behaviors in 11-Year-Old Pacific Children Living in New Zealand. Ear Hear 2020; 41:539-548. [DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000000777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Problemas de Salud Mental en Niños con Fisura Labiopalatina. REVISTA IBEROAMERICANA DE PSICOLOGÍA 2020. [DOI: 10.33881/2027-1786.rip.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Los niños que padecen enfermedades genéticas son una población vulnerable para desarrollar problemas de salud mental. La fisura labiopalatina (FLAP) es una anomalía congénita de tipo estructural. Objetivo: Estudiar el impacto a nivel familiar del diagnóstico de FLAP. Metodología: Alcance descriptivo, de diseño mixto y corte transversal. Se construyó un cuestionario autoadministrado compuesto por un consentimiento informado, un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos, el Child Behavior CheckList y preguntas abiertas. El muestreo fue intencional y la muestra fue de 42 casos. Resultados: El diagnóstico de una fisura labio palatina es una experiencia difícil en los padres, quienes viven este momento de manera negativa, con tristeza y miedo. Los niños en edad preescolar con diagnóstico de fisura labiopalatina son una población en riesgo de desarrollar trastornos psicopatológicos, mayormente de tipo externalizantes.
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35
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Taylor RM, Smith R, Collins CE, Mossman D, Wong-Brown MW, Chan EC, Evans TJ, Attia JR, Buckley N, Drysdale K, Smith T, Butler T, Hure AJ. Global DNA methylation and cognitive and behavioral outcomes at 4 years of age: A cross-sectional study. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01579. [PMID: 32109009 PMCID: PMC7177573 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that breastfeeding exclusivity and duration are positively associated with child cognition. This study investigated whether DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism modified by nutrient intake, may contribute to the link between breastfeeding and child cognition. The aim was to quantify the relationship between global DNA methylation and cognition and behavior at 4 years of age. METHODS Child behavior and cognition were measured at age 4 years using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, third version (WPPSI-III), and Child Behavior Checklist (CBC). Global DNA methylation (%5-methylcytosines (%5mC)) was measured in buccal cells at age 4 years, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) commercial kit. Linear regression models were used to quantify the statistical relationships. RESULTS Data were collected from 73 children recruited from the Women and Their Children's Health (WATCH) study. No statistically significant associations were found between global DNA methylation levels and child cognition or behavior (p > .05), though the estimates of effect were consistently negative. Global DNA methylation levels in males were significantly higher than in females (median %5mC: 1.82 vs. 1.03, males and females, respectively, (p < .05)). CONCLUSION No association was found between global DNA methylation and child cognition and behavior; however given the small sample, this study should be pooled with other cohorts in future meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Taylor
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Roger Smith
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - David Mossman
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Department of Molecular Medicine, NSW Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle W Wong-Brown
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Eng-Cheng Chan
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Tiffany-Jane Evans
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Clinical Research Design IT and Statistical Support (CReDITSS) Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - John R Attia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Clinical Research Design IT and Statistical Support (CReDITSS) Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Nick Buckley
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Karen Drysdale
- Faculty of Science, School Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Tenele Smith
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Trent Butler
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexis J Hure
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Generational, Health and Ageing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Binda V, Figueroa-Leigh F, Olhaberry M. Antenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms: Association with quality of mother-infant interaction. Infant Behav Dev 2019; 57:101386. [PMID: 31706199 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.101386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antenatal and postnatal depression are independently associated with an increased risk of adverse infant development. A key linking mechanism is the quality of mother-infant interaction. OBJECTIVES This study assesses the association between postnatal depressive symptoms (PDS) and their severity, with the quality of mother-infant interaction and compare the quality of mother-infant interaction and severity of the symptoms depending on the presence or absence of antenatal depressive symptoms (ADS). METHODS observational study in 177 psychosocial risk mother-infant dyads from Chile (infant aged 2-12 months). RESULTS Mothers with PDS had lower maternal sensitivity and a more intrusive/controlling style than mothers without PDS, although the severity of the symptoms was not associated with lower maternal sensitivity. Maternal sensitivity did not differ in the postnatal depressed mothers depending on the presence of ADS, although the mothers differed in interaction style and the severity of symptoms. Mothers with ADS and PDS presented with a predominant intrusive/controlling interaction style and more severe depressive symptoms, whereas those with only PDS presented with a predominant nonresponsive/passive interaction style and reduced severity of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The results corroborate the need to offer treatment and dyadic interventions to antenatal and postnatal depressive mothers and postulate that the presence of antenatal depressive symptoms may influence the subsequent mother-infant interaction style and greater severity of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Binda
- Department of Family Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | - Marcia Olhaberry
- Department of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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de Lijster JM, van den Dries MA, van der Ende J, Utens EMWJ, Jaddoe VW, Dieleman GC, Hillegers MHJ, Tiemeier H, Legerstee JS. Developmental Trajectories of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms from Early to Middle Childhood: a Population-Based Cohort Study in the Netherlands. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:1785-1798. [PMID: 31069583 PMCID: PMC6805800 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-019-00550-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Developmental patterns of anxiety and depression symptoms in early childhood have previously been related to anxiety and mood disorders in middle childhood. In the current study, trajectories of anxiety and depression symptoms (1.5-10 years) were related to children's broader psychosocial and school-related functioning at 10 years. We included a population-based sample of 7499 children, for whom primary caregivers reported anxiety and depression symptoms on the Child Behavior Checklist, at children's ages of 1.5, 3, 6, and 10. Growth Mixture Modeling identified four distinct, gender-invariant, trajectories of anxiety and depression symptoms: low (82.4%), increasing (7.4%), decreasing (6.0%), and increasing symptoms up to age 6 followed by a decrease to age 10 (preschool-limited, 4.2%). Children with a non-Dutch ethnicity had lower odds to be in the increasing trajectory and higher odds to be in the decreasing and pre-school limited trajectory. Also, low maternal education predicted the decreasing and pre-school limited trajectory. Higher levels of psychopathology during pregnancy for both mothers and fathers predicted the increasing, decreasing, and preschool-limited trajectory, compared to the low trajectory. At age 10, children in the increasing and preschool-limited trajectory had diminished psychosocial outcomes (friendship-quality and self-esteem) and worse school-related outcomes (school performance and school problems). This study adds to current knowledge by demonstrating that developmental patterns of anxiety and depression symptoms in early childhood are related to broader negative outcomes in middle childhood. Child and family factors could guide monitoring of anxiety and depression symptoms in the general population and provide targets for prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmijn M de Lijster
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2060, Wytemaweg 80, 3000, CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel A van den Dries
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2060, Wytemaweg 80, 3000, CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van der Ende
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2060, Wytemaweg 80, 3000, CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M W J Utens
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2060, Wytemaweg 80, 3000, CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Child Psychiatry the Bascule /Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gwendolyn C Dieleman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2060, Wytemaweg 80, 3000, CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manon H J Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2060, Wytemaweg 80, 3000, CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2060, Wytemaweg 80, 3000, CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeroen S Legerstee
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2060, Wytemaweg 80, 3000, CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Morris BJ, Moreton S, Krieger JN. Critical evaluation of arguments opposing male circumcision: A systematic review. J Evid Based Med 2019; 12:263-290. [PMID: 31496128 PMCID: PMC6899915 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate evidence against male circumcision (MC). METHODS We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE and Cochrane databases. RESULTS Database searches retrieved 297 publications for inclusion. Bibliographies of these yielded 101 more. After evaluation we found: Claims that MC carries high risk were contradicted by low frequency of adverse events that were virtually all minor and easily treated with complete resolution. Claims that MC causes psychological harm were contradicted by studies finding no such harm. Claims that MC impairs sexual function and pleasure were contradicted by high-quality studies finding no adverse effect. Claims disputing the medical benefits of MC were contradicted by a large body of high-quality evidence indicating protection against a wide range of infections, dermatological conditions, and genital cancers in males and the female sexual partners of men. Risk-benefit analyses reported that benefits exceed risks by 100-200 to 1. To maximize benefits and minimize risks, the evidence supported early infant MC rather than arguments that the procedure should be delayed until males are old enough to decide for themselves. Claims that MC of minors is unethical were contradicted by balanced evaluations of ethical issues supporting the rights of children to be provided with low-risk, high-benefit interventions such as MC for better health. Expert evaluations of case-law supported the legality of MC of minors. Other data demonstrated that early infant MC is cost-saving to health systems. CONCLUSIONS Arguments opposing MC are supported mostly by low-quality evidence and opinion, and are contradicted by strong scientific evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Morris
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - John N Krieger
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashington
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Eiffener E, Eli K, Ek A, Sandvik P, Somaraki M, Kremers S, Sleddens E, Nowicka P. The influence of preschoolers' emotional and behavioural problems on obesity treatment outcomes: Secondary findings from a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14:e12556. [PMID: 31290278 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have explored the influence of preschoolers' behavioural problems on obesity treatment. OBJECTIVES To assess emotional and behavioural problems before and after an obesity intervention and examine relationships between changes in child behaviour and changes in weight status. METHOD The study included 77 children (4-6 years old, 53% girls, mean body mass index [BMI] z-score of 3.0 [SD 0.6]) who participated in the More and Less Study, a randomized controlled trial. Families were randomized to a parenting program or to standard treatment. The children's heights and weights (BMI z-score, primary outcome) were measured at baseline and 12 months post baseline. Parents rated their children's behaviours (secondary outcome) on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for ages 1.5 to 5 years, a questionnaire that measures psychosocial health and functioning, encompassing emotional and behavioural problems. Changes in child behaviour during treatment were examined through paired samples t tests; the influence of child behaviour on treatment effects was examined through linear regressions. RESULTS Child emotional and behavioural problems significantly improved after obesity treatment. Lower scores were found for Emotional Reactivity, Sleep Problems, Affective Problems, Aggressive Behaviour, Externalizing Behaviours, Oppositional Defiant Problems, and Total Problems. Child behaviour significantly affected obesity treatment results: Attention Problems and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at baseline contributed to increasing BMI z-scores, whereas Oppositional Defiant Problems, Externalizing Behaviours, and a higher number of behavioural problems predicted decreasing BMI z-scores. CONCLUSIONS Child behaviours at baseline influenced treatment results. Child emotional and behavioural problems improved post treatment. The results suggest that obesity treatment may help in reducing emotional distress among preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Eiffener
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Eli
- Unit for Biocultural Variation and Obesity, Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Anna Ek
- Unit of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Sandvik
- Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Somaraki
- Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stef Kremers
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ester Sleddens
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Paulina Nowicka
- Unit of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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40
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Jusienė R, Urbonas V, Laurinaitytė I, Rakickienė L, Breidokienė R, Kuzminskaitė M, Praninskienė R. Screen Use During Meals Among Young Children: Exploration of Associated Variables. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55100688. [PMID: 31615125 PMCID: PMC6843261 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55100688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: There is evidence that eating meals or snacks while watching TV is an obesogenic factor. Moreover, the patterns of TV and other screen use during meals begin early and persist. However, there are only a few studies to date which address the prevalence and predictors of young children’s exposure to screen during mealtimes. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the associated factors of screen use during meals in early childhood. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted in Lithuania. Data of 847 children aged 2 to 5 years old (51.5% boys) were analyzed in this study. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/1½-5) and reported their children’s daily screen time, exposure to background TV, screen use during child’s meals, child and parental height and weight, and sociodemographic data. Results: More than half of children were exposed to screen during meals: 33.7% occasionally, several times per week or per month, and 22%—daily or during every meal. Overall daily screen time, background TV, consumption of junk food, child age, and emotional and behavioral problems were related to mealtime screen use (all associations significant at p < 0.01). Longer daily screen time (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1.00–1.01), more background TV (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.10–1.45), and elder child age (OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.00–1.03) were significant predictors of occasional use of screen during meals. Also, longer daily screen time (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98–0.99), background TV (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.66–0.91) together with no siblings’ status of a child (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.25–0.69) increased the probability that children were fed in front of screens daily. Conclusions: This study confirmed the unfavorable associations among screen use during meals, daily screen time and junk food consumption in early childhood. In addition, first-time parents should get particular health providers’ attention as they are more likely to use screens during child’s mealtime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roma Jusienė
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Vilnius University, LT-01513 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Vaidotas Urbonas
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Vilnius University, LT-01513 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Clinic of Children's Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Ilona Laurinaitytė
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Vilnius University, LT-01513 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Lauryna Rakickienė
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Vilnius University, LT-01513 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Rima Breidokienė
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Vilnius University, LT-01513 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Monika Kuzminskaitė
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Vilnius University, LT-01513 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Rūta Praninskienė
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Vilnius University, LT-01513 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Children's Hospital, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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41
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Liu J, Au Yeung CYN, Leung PWL. The Mediation of Maternal Occupational Skillfulness on Maternal Education and Chinese Preschoolers' Behavior. CHILD INDICATORS RESEARCH 2019; 12:1529-1547. [PMID: 37786856 PMCID: PMC10542908 DOI: 10.1007/s12187-018-9580-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence supporting the individual associations of maternal occupation and maternal education with children's behavioral outcomes. However, few studies have linked these factors together in a mediation model. The current study is the first to examine the mediating effect of maternal occupational skillfulness on the relationship between the length of maternal education and preschool children's behavioral outcomes in the Chinese context. To assess children's behavior, parents and teachers of 286 preschoolers from the China Jintan Cohort Study completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Caregiver-Teacher Report Form (C-TRF), respectively. Sociodemographic information, such as maternal occupational skillfulness and education level, was also collected. Using PROCESS and kappa statistics, maternal occupational skillfulness was found to mediate the effect of length of maternal education on both internalizing and externalizing behaviors of preschoolers, as rated by parents but not on behaviors as rated by teachers. Such findings can provide insight for counseling psychologists or family therapists in providing mothers, particularly those in low-skill jobs, appropriate advice and strategies for handling job-related stress. Mother-child relationships would consequently improve, which could then minimize the development of children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Furthermore, teachers could identify at-risk children and provide early intervention. Our findings also offer insight for policy makers to consider legislation providing financial assistance from the government to low-income mothers. Future replication studies should be conducted in other countries so as to determine whether similar results can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Liu
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Patrick W. L. Leung
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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42
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Gaspardo CM, Cassiano RGM, Gracioli SMA, Furini GCB, Linhares MBM. Effects of Neonatal Pain and Temperament on Attention Problems in Toddlers Born Preterm. J Pediatr Psychol 2019; 43:342-351. [PMID: 29165703 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsx140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the effects of individual characteristics of neonates and neonatal pain-related stress on attention problems and externalizing behavior problems of toddlers born preterm, analyzing the moderating effects of the dispositional traits of temperament. Methods The sample included 62 toddlers aged 18-36 months and their mothers. The mothers were interviewed using the Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5 for toddlers' attention and externalizing behavior problems assessment, the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire for toddlers' temperament assessment, and the Adult Temperament Questionnaire for their temperament assessment. The Neonatal Infant Stressor Scale analyzed the number of pain-related stress events during neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization recorded in the medical charts. Statistical descriptive, correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Results High neonatal pain-related stress total index, associated with toddler's temperament with less Effortful Control, and mother's temperament with high Surgency explained 23% variability of the attention problems. Otherwise, the externalizing behavior problems were explained by temperament, but not by neonatal pain-related stress. Conclusions The findings support the impact of neonatal pain experiences, and current toddlers' and mothers' temperament characterized by poorer self-regulation on attention problems in toddlers born preterm. Developmental care in the NICU and follow-up programs after discharge are recommended to promote regulated temperament of the mother-child dyads, aiming to prevent attentional problems in toddlers born preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Gaspardo
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo
| | - Rafaela G M Cassiano
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo
| | - Sofia M A Gracioli
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters, University of São Paulo
| | - Guilherme C B Furini
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo
| | - Maria Beatriz M Linhares
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo
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43
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Jusienė R, Breidokienė R. Preschoolers' self‐regulation and developmental trajectories of sleep problems in early childhood. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roma Jusienė
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of PhilosophyVilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Rima Breidokienė
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of PhilosophyVilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
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Mismatched Prenatal and Postnatal Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Child Behaviours: A Sex-Dependent Role for NR3C1 DNA Methylation in the Wirral Child Health and Development Study. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090943. [PMID: 31438539 PMCID: PMC6770436 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary hypotheses predict that male fetuses are more vulnerable to poor maternal conditions (Sex-biased Maternal Investment), but female fetuses are at greater risk of glucocorticoid-mediated disorders where there is a mismatch between fetal and postnatal environments (Predictive Adaptive Response). Self-reported prenatal and postnatal depression and maternal report of child anxious-depressed symptoms at 2.5, 3.5 and 5.0 years were obtained from an ‘extensive’ sample of first-time mothers (N = 794). Salivary NR3C1 1-F promoter methylation was assayed at 14 months in an ‘intensive’ subsample (n = 176) and stratified by psychosocial risk. Generalised structural equation models were fitted and estimated by maximum likelihood to allow the inclusion of participants from both intensive and extensive samples. Postnatal depression was associated with NR3C1 methylation and anxious-depressed symptoms in daughters of mothers with low prenatal depression (prenatal-postnatal depression interaction for methylation, p < 0.001; for child symptoms, p = 0.011). In girls, NR3C1 methylation mediated the association between maternal depression and child anxious-depressed symptoms. The effects were greater in girls than boys: the test of sex differences in the effect of the prenatal-postnatal depression interaction on both outcomes gave X2 (2) = 5.95 (p = 0.051). This was the first human study to show that epigenetic and early behavioural outcomes may arise through different mechanisms in males and females.
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Golshan F, Soltani A, Afarinesh MR. The study of executive function domains in children with high-functioning autism. LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2019.101578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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46
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Krzeczkowski JE, Lau A, Fitzpatrick J, Tamana S, Smithson L, de Souza R, Kozyrskyj AL, Lefebvre D, Becker AB, Subbarao P, Turvey SE, Pei J, Schmidt LA, Sears MR, Van Lieshout RJ, Mandhane PJ. Maternal Metabolic Complications in Pregnancy and Offspring Behavior Problems at 2 Years of Age. Matern Child Health J 2019; 23:746-755. [PMID: 30600520 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-018-2691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Prenatal maternal metabolic problems such as pre-pregnancy adiposity, excess gestational weight gain, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are associated with an increased risk of psychopathology in offspring. We examined whether these exposures were linked to symptoms of emotional and behavioral problems in offspring at 2 years of age, or if associations were due to confounding variables. Methods Data from 815 mother-child pairs enrolled at the Edmonton site of the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development cohort were used to examine associations between gestational metabolic complications and scores on the externalizing and internalizing scales of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL-1½ to 5) at age two. Associations between maternal metabolic complications and offspring psychopathology were assessed before and after adjustment for gestational diet, socioeconomic status (SES), postpartum depression (PPD), prenatal smoking and breastfeeding. Results Pre-pregnancy body mass index and GDM, but not gestational weight gain, predicted more offspring externalizing and internalizing problems. However, after adjustment for confounding variables, these associations were no longer statistically significant. Post-hoc analyses revealed that gestational diet accounted for unique variance in both externalizing (semi-partial rdiet = - 0.20, p < 0.001) and internalizing (semi-partial rdiet = - 0.16, p = 0.01) problems. PPD and SES also accounted for a similar amount of variance for both externalizing (semi-partial rPPD = 0.17, p < 0.001; rses = - 0.11, p = 0.03) and internalizing problems (semi-partial rPPD = 0.21, p < 0.001; rses = - 0.14, p = 0.004). Conclusions for Practice Since the confounding effect of gestational diet persisted after adjustment for, and was similar in magnitude to, SES and PPD, future research should consider the impact of unhealthy prenatal diets on offspring neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Lau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Sukhpreet Tamana
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lisa Smithson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Russell de Souza
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anita L Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Diana Lefebvre
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Allan B Becker
- Manitoba Institute of Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Pei
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Louis A Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Malcolm R Sears
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan J Van Lieshout
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Piush J Mandhane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics, 4-590 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy (ECHA), University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.
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Rescorla LA, Given C, Glynn S, Ivanova MY, Achenbach TM. International comparisons of autism spectrum disorder behaviors in preschoolers rated by parents and caregivers/teachers. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2019; 23:2043-2054. [PMID: 30995081 DOI: 10.1177/1362361319839151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study tested international similarities and differences in scores on a scale comprising 12 items identified by international mental health experts as being very consistent with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) category of autism spectrum disorder. Participants were 19,850 preschoolers in 24 societies rated by parents on the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1½-5; 10,521 preschoolers from 15 societies rated by caregivers/teachers on the Caregiver-Teacher Report Form, and 7380 children from 13 societies rated by both types of informant. Rank ordering of the items with respect to base rates and mean ratings was more similar across societies for parent ratings than caregiver/teacher ratings, especially with respect to the items tapping restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. Items 80. Strange behavior; 63. Repeatedly rocks head or body; 67. Seems unresponsive to affection; and 98. Withdrawn, doesn't get involved with others had low base rates in these population samples across societies and types of informants, suggesting that they may be particularly discriminating for identifying autism spectrum disorder in young children. Cross-informant agreement was stronger for the items tapping social communication and interaction problems than restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. The findings support the feasibility of international use of the scale for autism spectrum disorder screening in population samples.
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Dimensions and subtypes of oppositionality and their relation to comorbidity and psychosocial characteristics. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:351-365. [PMID: 30003396 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1199-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), or oppositionality, seem to constitute a three-dimensional structure of angry/irritable, vindictiveness and argumentative behavior dimensions. Also, subjects with oppositionality are characterized by different comorbidity and longitudinal trajectories, suggesting that they could be divided into subtypes. This study is the first to examine the dimensions and subtypes of oppositionality in Nordic children. Study participants included 3435 children aged 7-10 years from the Danish National Birth Cohort. Information was collected using the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) online version. A three-factor ODD model was identified. The angry/irritable dimension was associated with emotional problems and disorders, fewer social skills and fewer personal positive attributes. The argumentative behavior dimension was associated with hyperactivity/conduct problems, reduced social skills and positive attributes. The vindictiveness dimension was associated with externalizing, internalizing and prosocial problems. Four ODD subtypes were identified. The subtypes with many or mainly angry/irritable symptoms were characterized by comorbid psychopathology, increased functional impairment and psychosocial problems. Children with ODD had fewer positive attributes, more friendship/school problems and higher functional impairment than children with emotional disorders and control group children. Oppositionality consists of three dimensions differently associated with comorbidity and psychosocial characteristics, and the same pattern is seen for the four ODD subtypes identified in this study. Children with ODD experience more adversities and functional impairment than children with emotional disorders. Our results indicate that treatment of children with ODD would improve from extended knowledge on individual ODD dimensions and subtypes and the related child psychosocial characteristics.
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Lundén M, Punamäki R, Silvén M. Children's psychological adjustment in dual‐ and single‐ethnic families: Coregulation, socialization values, and emotion regulation in a 7‐year follow‐up study. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maija Lundén
- Faculty of Social Sciences, PsychologyUniversity of Tampere Tampere Finland
| | | | - Maarit Silvén
- Department of Teacher EducationUniversity of Turku Turku Finland
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Physical and psychosocial development of Mapuche and nonindigenous Chilean toddlers: A modest role of ethnicity. Dev Psychopathol 2018; 30:1959-1976. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418001281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMapuche represents the largest indigenous group in Chile amounting to nearly 10% of the total population. In a longitudinal cohort of 12,398 children, we analyzed the role of ethnicity in physical and psychosocial development of Mapuche and nonindigenous Chilean toddlers (age 2.5 years), taking into account sociodemographic and caregiver characteristics. As indicated by our univariate analysis, the Mapuche developmental niche was characterized by lower income, lower maternal education, poorer quality of the home environment, longer breastfeeding, and higher parental stress. Physical development showed higher body mass index. Mapuche children showed less externalizing problems. We then analyzed the incremental contribution of ethnicity in a series of hierarchical regressions with the second wave of developmental measurements (age 4.5 years) as outcome variables, showing a significant but modest incremental contribution of ethnicity to the prediction of children's development between 2.5 and 4.5 years of age. Controlling for environmental variables, Mapuche showed less externalizing and internalizing, behavior problems. Socioeconomic status, quality of the home environment, and parenting stress were stronger predictors of socioemotional development than ethnicity per se.
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