1
|
Ponce de León I. Evolution of immunity networks across embryophytes. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 77:102450. [PMID: 37704543 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Land plants (embryophytes), including vascular (tracheophytes) and non-vascular plants (bryophytes), co-evolved with microorganisms since descendants of an algal ancestor colonized terrestrial habitats around 500 million years ago. To cope with microbial pathogen infections, embryophytes evolved a complex immune system for pathogen perception and activation of defenses. With the growing number of sequenced genomes and transcriptome datasets from algae, bryophytes, tracheophytes, and available plant models, comparative analyses are increasing our understanding of the evolution of molecular mechanisms underpinning immune responses in different plant lineages. In this review, recent progress on plant immunity networks is highlighted with emphasis on the identification of key components that shaped immunity against pathogens in bryophytes compared to angiosperms during plant evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inés Ponce de León
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Van de Poel B, de Vries J. Evolution of ethylene as an abiotic stress hormone in streptophytes. ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 214:105456. [PMID: 37780400 PMCID: PMC10518463 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2023.105456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
All land plants modulate their growth and physiology through intricate signaling cascades. The majority of these are at least modulated-and often triggered-by phytohormones. Over the past decade, it has become apparent that some phytohormones have an evolutionary origin that runs deeper than plant terrestrialization-many emerged in the streptophyte algal progenitors of land plants. Ethylene is such a case. Here we synthesize the current knowledge on the evolution of the phytohormone ethylene and speculate about its deeply conserved role in adjusting stress responses of streptophytes for more than half a billion years of evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bram Van de Poel
- Molecular Plant Hormone Physiology lab, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan de Vries
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- University of Goettingen, Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Goldschmidstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Visser EA, Kampmann TP, Wegrzyn JL, Naidoo S. Multispecies comparison of host responses to Fusarium circinatum challenge in tropical pines show consistency in resistance mechanisms. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1705-1725. [PMID: 36541367 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium circinatum poses a threat to both commercial and natural pine forests. Large variation in host resistance exists between species, with many economically important species being susceptible. Development of resistant genotypes could be expedited and optimised by investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying host resistance and susceptibility as well as increasing the available genetic resources. RNA-seq data, from F. circinatum inoculated and mock-inoculated ca. 6-month-old shoot tissue at 3- and 7-days postinoculation, was generated for three commercially important tropical pines, Pinus oocarpa, Pinus maximinoi and Pinus greggii. De novo transcriptomes were assembled and used to investigate the NLR and PR gene content within available pine references. Host responses to F. circinatum challenge were investigated in P. oocarpa (resistant) and P. greggii (susceptible), in comparison to previously generated expression profiles from Pinus tecunumanii (resistant) and Pinus patula (susceptible). Expression results indicated crosstalk between induced salicylate, jasmonate and ethylene signalling is involved in host resistance and compromised in susceptible hosts. Additionally, higher constitutive expression of sulfur metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis in resistant hosts suggest involvement of these metabolites in resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Visser
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tamanique P Kampmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jill L Wegrzyn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sanushka Naidoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rieseberg TP, Dadras A, Fürst-Jansen JMR, Dhabalia Ashok A, Darienko T, de Vries S, Irisarri I, de Vries J. Crossroads in the evolution of plant specialized metabolism. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 134:37-58. [PMID: 35292191 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The monophyletic group of embryophytes (land plants) stands out among photosynthetic eukaryotes: they are the sole constituents of the macroscopic flora on land. In their entirety, embryophytes account for the majority of the biomass on land and constitute an astounding biodiversity. What allowed for the massive radiation of this particular lineage? One of the defining features of all land plants is the production of an array of specialized metabolites. The compounds that the specialized metabolic pathways of embryophytes produce have diverse functions, ranging from superabundant structural polymers and compounds that ward off abiotic and biotic challenges, to signaling molecules whose abundance is measured at the nanomolar scale. These specialized metabolites govern the growth, development, and physiology of land plants-including their response to the environment. Hence, specialized metabolites define the biology of land plants as we know it. And they were likely a foundation for their success. It is thus intriguing to find that the closest algal relatives of land plants, freshwater organisms from the grade of streptophyte algae, possess homologs for key enzymes of specialized metabolic pathways known from land plants. Indeed, some studies suggest that signature metabolites emerging from these pathways can be found in streptophyte algae. Here we synthesize the current understanding of which routes of the specialized metabolism of embryophytes can be traced to a time before plants had conquered land.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim P Rieseberg
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Armin Dadras
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Janine M R Fürst-Jansen
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Amra Dhabalia Ashok
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tatyana Darienko
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sophie de Vries
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Iker Irisarri
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Goldschmidstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jan de Vries
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Goldschmidstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtsr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kapoor B, Kumar P, Verma V, Irfan M, Sharma R, Bhargava B. How plants conquered land: evolution of terrestrial adaptation. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:5-14. [PMID: 36083189 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The transition of plants from water to land is considered one of the most significant events in the evolution of life on Earth. The colonization of land by plants, accompanied by their morphological, physiological and developmental changes, resulted in plant biodiversity. Besides significantly influencing oxygen levels in the air and on land, plants manufacture organic matter from CO2 and water with the help of sunlight, paving the way for the diversification of nonplant lineages ranging from microscopic organisms to animals. Land plants regulate the climate by adjusting total biomass and energy flow. At the genetic level, these innovations are achieved through the rearrangement of pre-existing genetic information. Advances in genome sequencing technology are revamping our understanding of plant evolution. This study highlights the morphological and genomic innovations that allow plants to integrate life on Earth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvnesh Kapoor
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vipasha Verma
- Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Irfan
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Rajnish Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Bhavya Bhargava
- Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Reginaldo FPS, Bueno PCP, Lourenço EMG, de Matos Costa IC, Moreira LGL, de Araújo Roque A, Barbosa EG, Fett-Neto AG, Cavalheiro AJ, Giordani RB. Methyl jasmonate induces selaginellin accumulation in Selaginella convoluta. Metabolomics 2022; 19:2. [PMID: 36542160 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01966-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Selaginellins are specialized metabolites and chemotaxonomic markers for Selaginella species. Despite the growing interest in these compounds as a result of their bioactivities, they are accumulated at low levels in the plant. Hence, their isolation and chemical characterization are often difficult, time consuming, and limiting for biological tests. Elicitation with the phytohormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) could be a strategy to increase the content of selaginellins addressing their low availability problem, that also impairs pharmacological investigations. MATHERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we examined MeJA elicitation in Selaginella convoluta plants, a medicinal plant found in northeastern Brazil, by treating them with two different concentrations (MeJA: 50 and 100 µM), followed by chemical profiling after 12, 24 and 48 h after application. Samples were harvested and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS AND DISCUSSCION MeJA treatment significantly impacted the chemical phenotype. Regarding shoots differences in the time-dependent increased accumulation of all metabolites when plants were subjected to 100 µM MeJA were observed while in roots, most metabolites had their concentrations decreased in a time-dependent fashion at the same conditions. Results support organ, MeJA concentration and time post-treatment dependence of specialized metabolite accumulation, mainly the flavonoids and selaginellins. The amount of Selaginellin G in shoots of MeJA-treated specimens increased in 5.63-fold relative to control. The molecular networking approach allowed for the putative annotation of 64 metabolites, among them, the MeJA treatment followed by targeted metabolome analysis also allowed to annotate seven unprecedented selaginellins. Additionally, the in silico bioactive potential of the annotated selaginellins highlighted targets related to neurodegenerative disorders, antiproliferative, and antiparasitic issues. Taken together, data point out MeJA exposure as a strategy to induce potentially bioactive selaginellins accumulation in S. convoluta, this approach could enable a deep investigation about the metabolic function of these metabolites in the genus as well as regarding pharmacological exploration of the undervalued potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Priscila Santos Reginaldo
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paula Carolina Pires Bueno
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas, MG, Brazil
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Estela Mariana Guimarães Lourenço
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alan de Araújo Roque
- Institute for Sustainable Development and Environment, Dunas Park Herbarium, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Arthur Germano Fett-Neto
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Brandt Giordani
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ramírez-Zavaleta CY, García-Barrera LJ, Rodríguez-Verástegui LL, Arrieta-Flores D, Gregorio-Jorge J. An Overview of PRR- and NLR-Mediated Immunities: Conserved Signaling Components across the Plant Kingdom That Communicate Both Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12974. [PMID: 36361764 PMCID: PMC9654257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) are plant immune proteins that trigger an orchestrated downstream signaling in response to molecules of microbial origin or host plant origin. Historically, PRRs have been associated with pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), whereas NLRs have been involved with effector-triggered immunity (ETI). However, recent studies reveal that such binary distinction is far from being applicable to the real world. Although the perception of plant pathogens and the final mounting response are achieved by different means, central hubs involved in signaling are shared between PTI and ETI, blurring the zig-zag model of plant immunity. In this review, we not only summarize our current understanding of PRR- and NLR-mediated immunities in plants, but also highlight those signaling components that are evolutionarily conserved across the plant kingdom. Altogether, we attempt to offer an overview of how plants mediate and integrate the induction of the defense responses that comprise PTI and ETI, emphasizing the need for more evolutionary molecular plant-microbe interactions (EvoMPMI) studies that will pave the way to a better understanding of the emergence of the core molecular machinery involved in the so-called evolutionary arms race between plants and microbes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candy Yuriria Ramírez-Zavaleta
- Programa Académico de Ingeniería en Biotecnología—Cuerpo Académico Procesos Biotecnológicos, Universidad Politécnica de Tlaxcala, Av. Universidad Politécnica 1, Tepeyanco 90180, Mexico
| | - Laura Jeannette García-Barrera
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada (INBIOTECA), Universidad Veracruzana, Av. de las Culturas, Veracruzanas No. 101, Xalapa 91090, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carretera Estatal Santa Inés Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla Km.1.5, Santa Inés-Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla 90700, Mexico
| | | | - Daniela Arrieta-Flores
- Programa Académico de Ingeniería en Biotecnología—Cuerpo Académico Procesos Biotecnológicos, Universidad Politécnica de Tlaxcala, Av. Universidad Politécnica 1, Tepeyanco 90180, Mexico
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09310, Mexico
| | - Josefat Gregorio-Jorge
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología—Comisión Nacional del Agua, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito Constructor, Del. Benito Juárez, Ciudad de México 03940, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Han X, Tsuda K. Evolutionary footprint of plant immunity. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 67:102209. [PMID: 35430538 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There are pieces of evidence from genomic footprints and fossil records indicating that plants have co-evolved with microbes after terrestrialization for more than 407 million years. Therefore, to truly comprehend plant evolution, we need to understand the co-evolutionary process and history between plants and microbes. Recent developments in genomes and transcriptomes of a vast number of plant species as well as microbes have greatly expanded our knowledge of the evolution of the plant immune system. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the co-evolution between plants and microbes with emphasis on the plant side and point out future research needed for understanding plant-microbial co-evolution. Knowledge of the evolution and variation of the plant immune system will better equip us on designing crops with boosted performance in agricultural fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Kenichi Tsuda
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Beyond Photoprotection: The Multifarious Roles of Flavonoids in Plant Terrestrialization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095284. [PMID: 35563675 PMCID: PMC9101737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants evolved an impressive arsenal of multifunctional specialized metabolites to cope with the novel environmental pressures imposed by the terrestrial habitat when moving from water. Here we examine the multifarious roles of flavonoids in plant terrestrialization. We reason on the environmental drivers, other than the increase in UV-B radiation, that were mostly responsible for the rise of flavonoid metabolism and how flavonoids helped plants in land conquest. We are reasonably based on a nutrient-deficiency hypothesis for the replacement of mycosporine-like amino acids, typical of streptophytic algae, with the flavonoid metabolism during the water-to-land transition. We suggest that flavonoids modulated auxin transport and signaling and promoted the symbiosis between plants and fungi (e.g., arbuscular mycorrhizal, AM), a central event for the conquest of land by plants. AM improved the ability of early plants to take up nutrients and water from highly impoverished soils. We offer evidence that flavonoids equipped early land plants with highly versatile “defense compounds”, essential for the new set of abiotic and biotic stressors imposed by the terrestrial environment. We conclude that flavonoids have been multifunctional since the appearance of plants on land, not only acting as UV filters but especially improving both nutrient acquisition and biotic stress defense.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kwantes M, Wichard T. The APAF1_C/WD40 repeat domain-encoding gene from the sea lettuce Ulva mutabilis sheds light on the evolution of NB-ARC domain-containing proteins in green plants. PLANTA 2022; 255:76. [PMID: 35235070 PMCID: PMC8891106 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03851-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We advance Ulva's genetic tractability and highlight its value as a model organism by characterizing its APAF1_C/WD40 domain-encoding gene, which belongs to a family that bears homology to R genes. The multicellular chlorophyte alga Ulva mutabilis (Ulvophyceae, Ulvales) is native to coastal ecosystems worldwide and attracts both high socio-economic and scientific interest. To further understand the genetic mechanisms that guide its biology, we present a protocol, based on adapter ligation-mediated PCR, for retrieving flanking sequences in U. mutabilis vector-insertion mutants. In the created insertional library, we identified a null mutant with an insertion in an apoptotic protease activating factor 1 helical domain (APAF1_C)/WD40 repeat domain-encoding gene. Protein domain architecture analysis combined with phylogenetic analysis revealed that this gene is a member of a subfamily that arose early in the evolution of green plants (Viridiplantae) through the acquisition of a gene that also encoded N-terminal nucleotide-binding adaptor shared by APAF-1, certain R-gene products and CED-4 (NB-ARC) and winged helix-like (WH-like) DNA-binding domains. Although phenotypic analysis revealed no mutant phenotype, gene expression levels in control plants correlated to the presence of bacterial symbionts, which U. mutabilis requires for proper morphogenesis. In addition, our analysis led to the discovery of a putative Ulva nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) Resistance protein (R-protein), and we discuss how the emergence of these R proteins in green plants may be linked to the evolution of the APAF1_C/WD40 protein subfamily.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Kwantes
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 8, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Thomas Wichard
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 8, 07743, Jena, Germany.
- Jena School for Microbial Communication, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Y, Waseem M, Zeng Z, Xu J, Chen C, Liu Y, Zhai J, Xia R. MicroRNA482/2118, a miRNA superfamily essential for both disease resistance and plant development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:2047-2057. [PMID: 34761409 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of 21-24 nucleotides (nt) noncoding small RNAs ubiquitously distributed across the plant kingdom. miR482/2118, one of the conserved miRNA superfamilies originating from gymnosperms, has divergent main functions in core-angiosperms. It mainly regulates NUCLEOTIDE BINDING SITE-LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT (NBS-LRR) genes in eudicots, functioning as an essential component in plant disease resistance; in contrast, it predominantly targets numerous long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in monocot grasses, which are vital for plant reproduction. Usually, miR482/2118 is 22-nt in length, which can trigger the production of phased small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) after directed cleavage. PhasiRNAs instigated from target genes of miR482/2118 enhance their roles in corresponding biological processes by cis-regulation on cognate genes and expands their function to other pathways via trans activity on different genes. This review summarizes the origin, biogenesis, conservation, and evolutionary characteristics of the miR482/2118 superfamily and delineates its diverse functions in disease resistance, plant development, stress responses, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Zaohai Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Chengjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Yuanlong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Jixian Zhai
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Rui Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zheng Q, Majsec K, Katagiri F. Pathogen-driven coevolution across the CBP60 plant immune regulator subfamilies confers resilience on the regulator module. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:479-495. [PMID: 34610150 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Components of the plant immune signaling network need mechanisms that confer resilience against fast-evolving pathogen effectors that target them. Among eight Arabidopsis CaM-Binding Protein (CBP) 60 family members, AtCBP60g and AtSARD1 are partially functionally redundant, major positive immune regulators, and AtCBP60a is a negative immune regulator. We investigated possible resilience-conferring evolutionary mechanisms among the CBP60a, CBP60g and SARD1 immune regulatory subfamilies. Phylogenetic analysis was used to investigate the times of CBP60 subfamily neofunctionalization. Then, using the pairwise distance rank based on the newly developed analytical platform Protein Evolution Analysis in a Euclidean Space (PEAES), hypotheses of specific coevolutionary mechanisms that could confer resilience on the regulator module were tested. The immune regulator subfamilies diversified around the time of angiosperm divergence and have been evolving very quickly. We detected significant coevolutionary interactions across the immune regulator subfamilies in all of 12 diverse core eudicot species lineages tested. The coevolutionary interactions were consistent with the hypothesized coevolution mechanisms. Despite their unusually fast evolution, members across the CBP60 immune regulator subfamilies have influenced the evolution of each other long after their diversification in a way that could confer resilience on the immune regulator module against fast-evolving pathogen effectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zheng
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Kristina Majsec
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Fumiaki Katagiri
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Herring J. Cooperative Equilibrium in Biosphere Evolution: Reconciling Competition and Cooperation in Evolutionary Ecology. Acta Biotheor 2021; 69:629-641. [PMID: 33595738 DOI: 10.1007/s10441-021-09409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
As our understanding of biological evolution continues to deepen, tension still surrounds the relationship between competition and cooperation in the evolution of the biosphere, with rival viewpoints often associated with the Red Queen and Black Queen hypotheses respectively. This essay seeks to reconcile these viewpoints by integrating observations of some general trends in biosphere evolution with concepts from game theory. It is here argued that biodiversity and ecological cooperation are intimately related, and that both tend to cyclically increase over biological history; this is likely due to the greater relative stability of cooperation over competition as a means of long-term conflict resolution within ecosystems. By integrating this view of the biosphere with existing models such as Niche Game Theory, it may be argued that competition and cooperation in ecosystems coexist at equilibria which shift preferentially towards increasing cooperation over biological history. This potentially points to a state of "cooperative equilibrium" as a limit or endpoint in long-term biosphere evolution, such that Black Queen and Red Queen behavior dominate different phases in an evolutionary movement towards optimal cooperative stability in ecological networks. This concept, if accepted, may also bear implications for developing future mathematical models in evolutionary biology, as well as for resolving the perennial debate regarding the relative roles of conflict and harmony in nature.
Collapse
|
14
|
Reboledo G, Agorio AD, Vignale L, Batista-García RA, Ponce De León I. Transcriptional profiling reveals conserved and species-specific plant defense responses during the interaction of Physcomitrium patens with Botrytis cinerea. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:365-385. [PMID: 33521880 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary conserved defense mechanisms present in extant bryophytes and angiosperms, as well as moss-specific defenses are part of the immune response of Physcomitrium patens. Bryophytes and tracheophytes are descendants of early land plants that evolved adaptation mechanisms to cope with different kinds of terrestrial stresses, including drought, variations in temperature and UV radiation, as well as defense mechanisms against microorganisms present in the air and soil. Although great advances have been made on pathogen perception and subsequent defense activation in angiosperms, limited information is available in bryophytes. In this study, a transcriptomic approach uncovered the molecular mechanisms underlying the defense response of the bryophyte Physcomitrium patens (previously Physcomitrella patens) against the important plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea. A total of 3.072 differentially expressed genes were significantly affected during B. cinerea infection, including genes encoding proteins with known functions in angiosperm immunity and involved in pathogen perception, signaling, transcription, hormonal signaling, metabolic pathways such as shikimate and phenylpropanoid, and proteins with diverse role in defense against biotic stress. Similarly as in other plants, B. cinerea infection leads to downregulation of genes involved in photosynthesis and cell cycle progression. These results highlight the existence of evolutionary conserved defense responses to pathogens throughout the green plant lineage, suggesting that they were probably present in the common ancestors of land plants. Moreover, several genes acquired by horizontal transfer from prokaryotes and fungi, and a high number of P. patens-specific orphan genes were differentially expressed during B. cinerea infection, suggesting that they are important players in the moss immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Reboledo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Astri D Agorio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Vignale
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Inés Ponce De León
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guillory A, Bonhomme S. Phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways of mosses. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:245-277. [PMID: 34245404 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most known phytohormones regulate moss development. We present a comprehensive view of the synthesis and signaling pathways for the most investigated of these compounds in mosses, focusing on the model Physcomitrium patens. The last 50 years of research have shown that most of the known phytohormones are synthesized by the model moss Physcomitrium patens (formerly Physcomitrella patens) and regulate its development, in interaction with responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Biosynthesis and signaling pathways are best described in P. patens for the three classical hormones auxins, cytokinins and abscisic acid. Furthermore, their roles in almost all steps of development, from early filament growth to gametophore development and sexual reproduction, have been the focus of much research effort over the years. Evidence of hormonal roles exist for ethylene and for CLE signaling peptides, as well as for salicylic acid, although their possible effects on development remain unclear. Production of brassinosteroids by P. patens is still debated, and modes of action for these compounds are even less known. Gibberellin biosynthesis and signaling may have been lost in P. patens, while gibberellin precursors such as ent-kaurene derivatives could be used as signals in a yet to discover pathway. As for jasmonic acid, it is not used per se as a hormone in P. patens, but its precursor OPDA appears to play a corresponding role in defense against abiotic stress. We have tried to gather a comprehensive view of the biosynthesis and signaling pathways for all these compounds in mosses, without forgetting strigolactones, the last class of plant hormones to be reported. Study of the strigolactone response in P. patens points to a novel signaling compound, the KAI2-ligand, which was likely employed as a hormone prior to land plant emergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambre Guillory
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Sandrine Bonhomme
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhu Y, Li G, Singh J, Khan A, Fazio G, Saltzgiver M, Xia R. Laccase Directed Lignification Is One of the Major Processes Associated With the Defense Response Against Pythium ultimum Infection in Apple Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:629776. [PMID: 34557205 PMCID: PMC8453155 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.629776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Apple replant disease (ARD), incited by a pathogen complex including Pythium ultimum, causes stunted growth or death of newly planted trees at replant sites. Development and deployment of resistant or tolerant rootstocks offers a cost-effective, ecologically friendly, and durable approach for ARD management. Maximized exploitation of natural resistance requires integrated efforts to identify key regulatory mechanisms underlying resistance traits in apple. In this study, miRNA profiling and degradome sequencing identified major miRNA pathways and candidate genes using six apple rootstock genotypes with contrasting phenotypes to P. ultimum infection. The comprehensive RNA-seq dataset offered an expansive view of post-transcriptional regulation of apple root defense activation in response to infection from P. ultimum. Several pairs of miRNA families and their corresponding targets were identified for their roles in defense response in apple roots, including miR397-laccase, miR398-superoxide dismutase, miR10986-polyphenol oxidase, miR482-resistance genes, and miR160-auxin response factor. Of these families, the genotype-specific expression patterns of miR397 indicated its fundamental role in developing defense response patterns to P. ultimum infection. Combined with other identified copper proteins, the importance of cellular fortification, such as lignification of root tissues by the action of laccase, may critically contribute to genotype-specific resistance traits. Our findings suggest that quick and enhanced lignification of apple roots may significantly impede pathogen penetration and minimize the disruption of effective defense activation in roots of resistant genotypes. The identified target miRNA species and target genes consist of a valuable resource for subsequent functional analysis of their roles during interaction between apple roots and P. ultimum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Zhu
- Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Wenatchee, WA, United States
| | - Guanliang Li
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jugpreet Singh
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, United States
| | - Awais Khan
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, United States
| | - Gennaro Fazio
- Plant Genetic Resources Unit, USDA-ARS, Geneva, NY, United States
| | - Melody Saltzgiver
- Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Wenatchee, WA, United States
| | - Rui Xia
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cheng JHT, Bredow M, Monaghan J, diCenzo GC. Proteobacteria Contain Diverse flg22 Epitopes That Elicit Varying Immune Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:504-510. [PMID: 33560865 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-20-0314-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial flagellin protein is a potent microbe-associated molecular pattern. Immune responses are triggered by a 22-amino-acid epitope derived from flagellin, known as flg22, upon detection by the pattern recognition receptor FLAGELLIN-SENSING2 (FLS2) in multiple plant species. However, increasing evidence suggests that flg22 epitopes of several bacterial species are not universally immunogenic to plants. We investigated whether flg22 immunogenicity systematically differs between classes of the phylum Proteobacteria, using a dataset of 2,470 flg22 sequences. To predict which species encode highly immunogenic flg22 epitopes, we queried a custom motif (11[ST]xx[DN][DN]xAGxxI21) in the flg22 sequences, followed by sequence conservation analysis and protein structural modeling. These data led us to hypothesize that most flg22 epitopes of the γ- and β-Proteobacteria are highly immunogenic, whereas most flg22 epitopes of the α-, δ-, and ε-Proteobacteria are weakly to moderately immunogenic. To test this hypothesis, we generated synthetic peptides representative of the flg22 epitopes of each proteobacterial class, and we monitored their ability to elicit an immune response in Arabidopsis thaliana. The flg22 peptides of γ- and β-Proteobacteria triggered strong oxidative bursts, whereas peptides from the ε-, δ-, and α-Proteobacteria triggered moderate, weak, or no response, respectively. These data suggest flg22 immunogenicity is not highly conserved across the phylum Proteobacteria. We postulate that sequence divergence of each taxonomic class was present prior to the evolution of FLS2, and that the ligand specificity of A. thaliana FLS2 was driven by the flg22 epitopes of the γ- and β-Proteobacteria, a monophyletic group containing many common phytopathogens.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janis H T Cheng
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Melissa Bredow
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | | | - George C diCenzo
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lyapina I, Filippova A, Kovalchuk S, Ziganshin R, Mamaeva A, Lazarev V, Latsis I, Mikhalchik E, Panasenko O, Ivanov O, Ivanov V, Fesenko I. Possible role of small secreted peptides (SSPs) in immune signaling in bryophytes. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:123-143. [PMID: 33713297 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants utilize a plethora of peptide signals to regulate their immune response. Peptide ligands and their cognate receptors involved in immune signaling share common motifs among many species of vascular plants. However, the origin and evolution of immune peptides is still poorly understood. Here, we searched for genes encoding small secreted peptides in the genomes of three bryophyte lineages-mosses, liverworts and hornworts-that occupy a critical position in the study of land plant evolution. We found that bryophytes shared common predicted small secreted peptides (SSPs) with vascular plants. The number of SSPs is higher in the genomes of mosses than in both the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha and the hornwort Anthoceros sp. The synthetic peptide elicitors-AtPEP and StPEP-specific for vascular plants, triggered ROS production in the protonema of the moss Physcomitrella patens, suggesting the possibility of recognizing peptide ligands from angiosperms by moss receptors. Mass spectrometry analysis of the moss Physcomitrella patens, both the wild type and the Δcerk mutant secretomes, revealed peptides that specifically responded to chitosan treatment, suggesting their role in immune signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lyapina
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Filippova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Kovalchuk
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rustam Ziganshin
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Mamaeva
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vassili Lazarev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Latsis
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Mikhalchik
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Panasenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Ivanov
- V.F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Vadim Ivanov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Fesenko
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lu M, Feau N, Vidakovic DO, Ukrainetz N, Wong B, Aitken SN, Hamelin RC, Yeaman S. Comparative Gene Expression Analysis Reveals Mechanism of Pinus contorta Response to the Fungal Pathogen Dothistroma septosporum. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:397-409. [PMID: 33258711 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-20-0282-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many conifers have distributions that span wide ranges in both biotic and abiotic conditions, but the basis of response to biotic stress has received much less attention than response to abiotic stress. In this study, we investigated the gene expression response of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) to attack by the fungal pathogen Dothistroma septosporum, which causes Dothistroma needle blight, a disease that has caused severe climate-related outbreaks in northwestern British Columbia. We inoculated tolerant and susceptible pines with two D. septosporum isolates and analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differential exon usage, and coexpressed gene modules using RNA-sequencing data. We found a rapid and strong transcriptomic response in tolerant lodgepole pine samples inoculated with one D. septosporum isolate, and a late and weak response in susceptible samples inoculated with another isolate. We mapped 43 of the DEG- or gene module-identified genes to the reference plant-pathogen interaction pathway deposited in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. These genes are present in PAMP-triggered and effector-triggered immunity pathways. Genes comprising pathways and gene modules had signatures of strong selective constraint, while the highly expressed genes in tolerant samples appear to have been favored by selection to counterattack the pathogen. We identified candidate resistance genes that may respond to D. septosporum effectors. Taken together, our results show that gene expression response to D. septosporum infection in lodgepole pine varies both among tree genotypes and pathogen strains and involves both known candidate genes and a number of genes with previously unknown functions.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 507 Campus Drive NW, Calgary, Canada
| | - Nicolas Feau
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 3041-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Dragana Obreht Vidakovic
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 3041-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nicholas Ukrainetz
- Forest Improvement and Research Management Branch, Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations & Rural Development, 18793-32nd Ave., Surrey, Canada
| | - Barbara Wong
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand 1030, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Canada
| | - Sally N Aitken
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 3041-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Richard C Hamelin
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 3041-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, Canada
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand 1030, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Canada
| | - Sam Yeaman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 507 Campus Drive NW, Calgary, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Gong Z, Han GZ. Flourishing in water: the early evolution and diversification of plant receptor-like kinases. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:174-184. [PMID: 33423360 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) play significant roles in mediating innate immunity and development of plants. The evolution of plant RLKs has been characterized by extensive variation in copy numbers and domain configurations. However, much remains unknown about the origin, evolution, and early diversification of plant RLKs. Here, we perform phylogenomic analyses of RLKs across plants (Archaeplastida), including embryophytes, charophytes, chlorophytes, prasinodermophytes, glaucophytes, and rhodophytes. We identify the presence of RLKs in all the streptophytes (land plants and charophytes), nine out of 18 chlorophytes, one prasinodermophyte, and one glaucophyte, but not in rhodophytes. Interestingly, the copy number of RLKs increased drastically in streptophytes after the split of the clade of Mesostigmatophyceae and Chlorokybophyceae and other streptophytes. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses suggest RLKs from charophytes form diverse distinct clusters, and are dispersed along the diversity of land plant RLKs, indicating that RLKs have extensively diversified in charophytes and charophyte RLKs seeded the major diversity of land plant RLKs. We identify at least 81 and 76 different kinase-associated domains for charophyte and land plant RLKs, 23 of which are shared, suggesting that RLKs might have evolved in a modular fashion through frequent domain gains or losses. We also detect signatures of positive selection for many charophyte RLK groups, indicating potential functions in host-microbe interaction. Taken together, our findings provide significant insights into the early evolution and diversification of plant RLKs and the ancient evolution of plant-microbe symbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Guan-Zhu Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ku YS, Cheng SS, Gerhardt A, Cheung MY, Contador CA, Poon LYW, Lam HM. Secretory Peptides as Bullets: Effector Peptides from Pathogens against Antimicrobial Peptides from Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9294. [PMID: 33291499 PMCID: PMC7730307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean is an important crop as both human food and animal feed. However, the yield of soybean is heavily impacted by biotic stresses including insect attack and pathogen infection. Insect bites usually make the plants vulnerable to pathogen infection, which causes diseases. Fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes are major soybean pathogens. The infection by pathogens and the defenses mounted by soybean are an interactive and dynamic process. Using fungi, oomycetes, and bacteria as examples, we will discuss the recognition of pathogens by soybean at the molecular level. In this review, we will discuss both the secretory peptides for soybean plant infection and those for pathogen inhibition. Pathogenic secretory peptides and peptides secreted by soybean and its associated microbes will be included. We will also explore the possible use of externally applied antimicrobial peptides identical to those secreted by soybean and its associated microbes as biopesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Shan Ku
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.C.); (A.G.); (M.-Y.C.); (C.A.C.); (L.-Y.W.P.)
| | - Sau-Shan Cheng
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.C.); (A.G.); (M.-Y.C.); (C.A.C.); (L.-Y.W.P.)
| | - Aisha Gerhardt
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.C.); (A.G.); (M.-Y.C.); (C.A.C.); (L.-Y.W.P.)
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ming-Yan Cheung
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.C.); (A.G.); (M.-Y.C.); (C.A.C.); (L.-Y.W.P.)
| | - Carolina A. Contador
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.C.); (A.G.); (M.-Y.C.); (C.A.C.); (L.-Y.W.P.)
| | - Lok-Yiu Winnie Poon
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.C.); (A.G.); (M.-Y.C.); (C.A.C.); (L.-Y.W.P.)
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; (Y.-S.K.); (S.-S.C.); (A.G.); (M.-Y.C.); (C.A.C.); (L.-Y.W.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Thurow C, Krischke M, Mueller MJ, Gatz C. Induction of Jasmonoyl-Isoleucine (JA-Ile)-Dependent JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) Genes in NaCl-Treated Arabidopsis thaliana Roots Can Occur at Very Low JA-Ile Levels and in the Absence of the JA/JA-Ile Transporter JAT1/AtABCG16. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121635. [PMID: 33255380 PMCID: PMC7760663 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The plant hormone jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) is an important regulator of plant growth and defense in response to various biotic and abiotic stress cues. Under our experimental conditions, JA-Ile levels increased approximately seven-fold in NaCl-treated Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Although these levels were around 1000-fold lower than in wounded leaves, genes of the JA-Ile signaling pathway were induced by a factor of 100 or more. Induction was severely compromised in plants lacking the JA-Ile receptor CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 or enzymes required for JA-Ile biosynthesis. To explain efficient gene expression at very low JA-Ile levels, we hypothesized that salt-induced expression of the JA/JA-Ile transporter JAT1/AtABCG16 would lead to increased nuclear levels of JA-Ile. However, mutant plants with different jat1 alleles were similar to wild-type ones with respect to salt-induced gene expression. The mechanism that allows COI1-dependent gene expression at very low JA-Ile levels remains to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Thurow
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Physiology, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Markus Krischke
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany; (M.K.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Martin J. Mueller
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany; (M.K.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Christiane Gatz
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Physiology, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Grapevine-Downy Mildew Rendezvous: Proteome Analysis of the First Hours of an Incompatible Interaction. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111498. [PMID: 33167573 PMCID: PMC7694532 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Grapevine is one of the most relevant crops in the world being used for economically important products such as wine. However, relevant grapevine cultivars are heavily affected by diseases such as the downy mildew disease caused by Plasmopara viticola. Improvements on grapevine resistance are made mainly by breeding techniques where resistance traits are introgressed into cultivars with desired grape characteristics. However, there is still a lack of knowledge on how resistant or tolerant cultivars tackle the P. viticola pathogen. In this study, using a shotgun proteomics LC-MS/MS approach, we unravel the protein modulation of a highly tolerant grapevine cultivar, Vitis vinifera “Regent”, in the first hours post inoculation (hpi) with P. viticola. At 6 hpi, proteins related to defense and to response to stimuli are negatively modulated while at 12 hpi there is an accumulation of proteins belonging to both categories. The co-occurrence of indicators of effector-triggered susceptibility (ETS) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) is detected at both time-points, showing that these defense processes present high plasticity. The results obtained in this study unravel the tolerant grapevine defense strategy towards P. viticola and may provide valuable insights on resistance associated candidates and mechanisms, which may play an important role in the definition of new strategies for breeding approaches.
Collapse
|
25
|
Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Fusarium graminearum-Responsive lncRNAs in Triticum aestivum. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11101135. [PMID: 32992604 PMCID: PMC7601646 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the war between wheat and Fusarium has been widely investigated for years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which have been proven to regulate important processes in the development and stress responses of plants, are still poorly known in wheat against Fusarium. Herein, we systematically reveal the roles of wheat lncRNAs in the process of Fusarium graminearum infection by high-throughput RNA sequencing. Well over 4130 of the total 4276 differentially expressed lncRNAs were already specifically expressed at 12 h postinoculation (hpi), but only 89 of these were specifically expressed at 24 hpi, indicating that the initial stage was the crucial stage for lncRNA-mediated gene regulation of wheat defense against F. graminearum. Target analysis showed the lncRNAs participated in various biological stress processes and had exclusive regulation models at different infection stages. Further H2O2 accumulation and protein ubiquitination assays supported this idea. Moreover, two lncRNAs (XLOC_302848 and XLOC_321638) were identified as Fusarium seedling blight resistance candidates by lncRNA-target expression pattern validation, and two lncRNAs (XLOC_113815, XLOC_123624) were Fusarium head blight resistance potential regulators by cross-validating the RNAseq data with the refined meta-QTL of wheat FHB resistance. These findings extend our knowledge on wheat lncRNAs response to F. graminearum attack and provide new insights for the functional and molecular research of future interactions between wheat and Fusarium.
Collapse
|
26
|
Schluttenhofer C. Origin and evolution of jasmonate signaling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 298:110542. [PMID: 32771155 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonate (JA) signaling is a key mediator of plant development and defense which arose during plants transition from an aqueous to terrestrial environment. Elucidating the evolution of JA signaling is important for understanding plant development, defense, and production of specialized metabolites. The lineage of key protein domains characterizing JA signaling factors was traced to identify the origins of CORONITINE INSENSITIVE 1 (COI1), JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ), NOVEL INTERACTOR OF JAZ, MYC2, TOPLESS, and MEDIATOR SUBUNIT 25. Charophytes do not possess genes encoding key JA signaling components, including COI1, JAZ, MYC2, and the JAZ-interacting bHLH factors, yet their orthologs are present in bryophytes. TIFY family genes were found in charophyta and chlorophya algae. JAZs evolved from ZIM genes of the TIFY family through changes to several key amino acids. Dating placed the origin of JA signaling 515 to 473 million years ago during the middle Cambrian to early Ordovician periods. This time is known for rapid biodiversification and mass extinction events. An increased predation from the diversifying and changing fauna may have driven evolution of JA signaling and plant defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Schluttenhofer
- Agriculture Research and Development Program, 1400 Brush Row Road, Wilberforce OH, 45384, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wu J, Handique U, Graham J, Johnson E. Phytophthora nicotianae Infection of Citrus Leaves and Host Defense Activation Compared to Root Infection. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:1437-1448. [PMID: 32228377 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-19-0343-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Currently, little is known about the host pathogen interaction between Phytophthora spp. and citrus roots versus leaves. Therefore, we compared the molecular events occurring in citrus roots and leaves after zoospore inoculation with Phytophthora nicotianae. We analyzed the physical characteristics and genetic responses to P. nicotianae infection of leaves and roots for susceptible and tolerant citrus rootstocks to examine the potential for leaves to model root responses to P. nicotianae infection. Leaves responded faster and stronger to P. nicotianae infection than roots, and leaves showed greater differential response than roots. In addition to differences in hormonal responses, sugar, phospholipase D (PLD), and phospholipase A (PLA) involvement in the interaction between citrus and P. nicotianae was identified. This work, for the first time, creates a solid P. nicotianae zoospore infection protocol, reports P. nicotianae infection on citrus leaves through stomata, and provides evidence that different host organs respond to the pathogen differentially in timing and magnitude. This work identifies the hormones, sugars, pathogenesis-related genes, PLDs, and PLAs that are involved in the molecular events occurring in citrus under infection of P. nicotianae zoospore, and advances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL, U.S.A
- Potato Engineering & Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia University, 235 University Road, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Utpal Handique
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL, U.S.A
- Potato Engineering & Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia University, 235 University Road, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - James Graham
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL, U.S.A
| | - Evan Johnson
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Althoff F, Zachgo S. Transformation of Riccia fluitans, an Amphibious Liverwort Dynamically Responding to Environmental Changes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5410. [PMID: 32751392 PMCID: PMC7432341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The colonization of land by streptophyte algae, ancestors of embryophyte plants, was a fundamental event in the history of life on earth. Bryophytes are early diversifying land plants that mark the transition from freshwater to terrestrial ecosystems. The amphibious liverwort Riccia fluitans can thrive in aquatic and terrestrial environments and thus represents an ideal organism to investigate this major transition. Therefore, we aimed to establish a transformation protocol for R. fluitans to make it amenable for genetic analyses. An Agrobacterium transformation procedure using R. fluitans callus tissue allows to generate stably transformed plants within 10 weeks. Furthermore, for comprehensive studies spanning all life stages, we demonstrate that the switch from vegetative to reproductive development can be induced by both flooding and poor nutrient availability. Interestingly, a single R. fluitans plant can consecutively adapt to different growth environments and forms distinctive and reversible features of the thallus, photosynthetically active tissue that is thus functionally similar to leaves of vascular plants. The morphological plasticity affecting vegetative growth, air pore formation, and rhizoid development realized by one genotype in response to two different environments makes R. fluitans ideal to study the adaptive molecular mechanisms enabling the colonialization of land by aquatic plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Althoff
- Botany Department, School of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Sabine Zachgo
- Botany Department, School of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Waters ER, Vierling E. Plant small heat shock proteins - evolutionary and functional diversity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:24-37. [PMID: 32297991 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are an ubiquitous protein family found in archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes. In plants, as in other organisms, sHSPs are upregulated by stress and are proposed to act as molecular chaperones to protect other proteins from stress-induced damage. sHSPs share an 'α-crystallin domain' with a β-sandwich structure and a diverse N-terminal domain. Although sHSPs are 12-25 kDa polypeptides, most assemble into oligomers with ≥ 12 subunits. Plant sHSPs are particularly diverse and numerous; some species have as many as 40 sHSPs. In angiosperms this diversity comprises ≥ 11 sHSP classes encoding proteins targeted to the cytosol, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplasts, mitochondria and peroxisomes. The sHSPs underwent a lineage-specific gene expansion, diversifying early in land plant evolution, potentially in response to stress in the terrestrial environment, and expanded again in seed plants and again in angiosperms. Understanding the structure and evolution of plant sHSPs has progressed, and a model for their chaperone activity has been proposed. However, how the chaperone model applies to diverse sHSPs and what processes sHSPs protect are far from understood. As more plant genomes and transcriptomes become available, it will be possible to explore theories of the evolutionary pressures driving sHSP diversification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Waters
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Elizabeth Vierling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fürst-Jansen JMR, de Vries S, de Vries J. Evo-physio: on stress responses and the earliest land plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3254-3269. [PMID: 31922568 PMCID: PMC7289718 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Embryophytes (land plants) can be found in almost any habitat on the Earth's surface. All of this ecologically diverse embryophytic flora arose from algae through a singular evolutionary event. Traits that were, by their nature, indispensable for the singular conquest of land by plants were those that are key for overcoming terrestrial stressors. Not surprisingly, the biology of land plant cells is shaped by a core signaling network that connects environmental cues, such as stressors, to the appropriate responses-which, thus, modulate growth and physiology. When did this network emerge? Was it already present when plant terrestrialization was in its infancy? A comparative approach between land plants and their algal relatives, the streptophyte algae, allows us to tackle such questions and resolve parts of the biology of the earliest land plants. Exploring the biology of the earliest land plants might shed light on exactly how they overcame the challenges of terrestrialization. Here, we outline the approaches and rationale underlying comparative analyses towards inferring the genetic toolkit for the stress response that aided the earliest land plants in their conquest of land.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janine M R Fürst-Jansen
- University of Göttingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sophie de Vries
- Population Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan de Vries
- University of Göttingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Göttingen, Germany
- University of Göttingen, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Orton LM, Fitzek E, Feng X, Grayburn WS, Mower JP, Liu K, Zhang C, Duvall MR, Yin Y. Zygnema circumcarinatum UTEX 1559 chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes provide insight into land plant evolution. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3361-3373. [PMID: 32206790 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The complete chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of Charophyta have shed new light on land plant terrestrialization. Here, we report the organellar genomes of the Zygnema circumcarinatum strain UTEX 1559, and a comparative genomics investigation of 33 plastomes and 18 mitogenomes of Chlorophyta, Charophyta (including UTEX 1559 and its conspecific relative SAG 698-1a), and Embryophyta. Gene presence/absence was determined across these plastomes and mitogenomes. A comparison between the plastomes of UTEX 1559 (157 548 bp) and SAG 698-1a (165 372 bp) revealed very similar gene contents, but substantial genome rearrangements. Surprisingly, the two plastomes share only 85.69% nucleotide sequence identity. The UTEX 1559 mitogenome size is 215 954 bp, the largest among all sequenced Charophyta. Interestingly, this large mitogenome contains a 50 kb region without homology to any other organellar genomes, which is flanked by two 86 bp direct repeats and contains 15 ORFs. These ORFs have significant homology to proteins from bacteria and plants with functions such as primase, RNA polymerase, and DNA polymerase. We conclude that (i) the previously published SAG 698-1a plastome is probably from a different Zygnema species, and (ii) the 50 kb region in the UTEX 1559 mitogenome might be recently acquired as a mobile element.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Orton
- Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Elisabeth Fitzek
- Biology/Computational Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology-CeBiTec, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Xuehuan Feng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - W Scott Grayburn
- Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Mower
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Kan Liu
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Melvin R Duvall
- Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Yanbin Yin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
A mycorrhizae-like gene regulates stem cell and gametophore development in mosses. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2030. [PMID: 32332755 PMCID: PMC7181705 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15967-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant colonization of land has been intimately associated with mycorrhizae or mycorrhizae-like fungi. Despite the pivotal role of fungi in plant adaptation, it remains unclear whether and how gene acquisition following fungal interaction might have affected the development of land plants. Here we report a macro2 domain gene in bryophytes that is likely derived from Mucoromycota, a group that includes some mycorrhizae-like fungi found in the earliest land plants. Experimental and transcriptomic evidence suggests that this macro2 domain gene in the moss Physcomitrella patens, PpMACRO2, is important in epigenetic modification, stem cell function, cell reprogramming and other processes. Gene knockout and over-expression of PpMACRO2 significantly change the number and size of gametophores. These findings provide insights into the role of fungal association and the ancestral gene repertoire in the early evolution of land plants.
Collapse
|
33
|
Matsui H, Iwakawa H, Hyon GS, Yotsui I, Katou S, Monte I, Nishihama R, Franzen R, Solano R, Nakagami H. Isolation of Natural Fungal Pathogens from Marchantia polymorpha Reveals Antagonism between Salicylic Acid and Jasmonate during Liverwort-Fungus Interactions. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:265-275. [PMID: 31560390 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of adaptive interactions with beneficial, neutral and detrimental microbes was one of the key features enabling plant terrestrialization. Extensive studies have revealed conserved and unique molecular mechanisms underlying plant-microbe interactions across different plant species; however, most insights gleaned to date have been limited to seed plants. The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, a descendant of early diverging land plants, is gaining in popularity as an advantageous model system to understand land plant evolution. However, studying evolutionary molecular plant-microbe interactions in this model is hampered by the small number of pathogens known to infect M. polymorpha. Here, we describe four pathogenic fungal strains, Irpex lacteus Marchantia-infectious (MI)1, Phaeophlebiopsis peniophoroides MI2, Bjerkandera adusta MI3 and B. adusta MI4, isolated from diseased M. polymorpha. We demonstrate that salicylic acid (SA) treatment of M. polymorpha promotes infection of the I. lacteus MI1 that is likely to adopt a necrotrophic lifestyle, while this effect is suppressed by co-treatment with the bioactive jasmonate in M. polymorpha, dinor-cis-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (dn-OPDA), suggesting that antagonistic interactions between SA and oxylipin pathways during plant-fungus interactions are ancient and were established already in liverworts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Matsui
- Plant Proteomics Research Unit, RIKEN CSRS, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Hidekazu Iwakawa
- Basic Immune System of Plants, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gang-Su Hyon
- Plant Proteomics Research Unit, RIKEN CSRS, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Izumi Yotsui
- Plant Proteomics Research Unit, RIKEN CSRS, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Shinpei Katou
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa 8304, Nagano, 399-4598 Japan
| | - Isabel Monte
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ryuichi Nishihama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Rainer Franzen
- Central Microscopy, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Roberto Solano
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Plant Proteomics Research Unit, RIKEN CSRS, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
- Basic Immune System of Plants, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tang L, Qiu L, Liu C, Du G, Mo Z, Tang X, Mao Y. Transcriptomic Insights into Innate Immunity Responding to Red Rot Disease in Red Alga Pyropia yezoensis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5970. [PMID: 31783543 PMCID: PMC6928737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyropia yezoensis, one of the most economically important marine algae, suffers from the biotic stress of the oomycete necrotrophic pathogen Pythium porphyrae. However, little is known about the molecular defensive mechanisms employed by Pyr. yezoensis during the infection process. In the present study, we defined three stages of red rot disease based on histopathological features and photosynthetic physiology. Transcriptomic analysis was carried out at different stages of infection to identify the genes related to the innate immune system in Pyr. yezoensis. In total, 2139 up-regulated genes and 1672 down-regulated genes were identified from all the infected groups. Pathogen receptor genes, including three lectin genes (pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)) and five genes encoding typical plant R protein domains (leucine rich repeat (LRR), nucleotide binding site (NBS), or Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)), were found to be up-regulated after infection. Several defense mechanisms that were typically regarded as PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) in plants were induced during the infection. These included defensive and protective enzymes, heat shock proteins, secondary metabolites, cellulase, and protease inhibitors. As a part of the effector-triggered immunity (ETI), the expression of genes related to the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and hypersensitive cell death response (HR) increased significantly during the infection. The current study suggests that, similar to plants, Pyr. yezoensis possesses a conserved innate immune system that counters the invasion of necrotrophic pathogen Pyt. porphyrae. However, the innate immunity genes of Pyr. yezoensis appear to be more ancient in origin compared to those in higher plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (L.Q.); (C.L.); (G.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Liping Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (L.Q.); (C.L.); (G.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Cong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (L.Q.); (C.L.); (G.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Guoying Du
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (L.Q.); (C.L.); (G.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Zhaolan Mo
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xianghai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (L.Q.); (C.L.); (G.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Yunxiang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (L.Q.); (C.L.); (G.D.); (X.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Tropical Marine Bioresource (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries and Life Science, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Carella P, Gogleva A, Hoey DJ, Bridgen AJ, Stolze SC, Nakagami H, Schornack S. Conserved Biochemical Defenses Underpin Host Responses to Oomycete Infection in an Early-Divergent Land Plant Lineage. Curr Biol 2019; 29:2282-2294.e5. [PMID: 31303485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The expansion of plants onto land necessitated the evolution of robust defense strategies to protect against a wide array of microbial invaders. Whereas host responses to microbial colonization are extensively explored in evolutionarily young land plant lineages such as angiosperms, we know relatively little about plant-pathogen interactions in early-diverging land plants thought to better represent the ancestral state. Here, we define the transcriptional and proteomic response of the early-divergent liverwort Marchantia polymorpha to infection with the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora palmivora. We uncover a robust molecular response to oomycete colonization in Marchantia that consists of conserved land plant gene families. Direct macroevolutionary comparisons of host infection responses in Marchantia and the model angiosperm Nicotiana benthamiana further reveal a shared set of orthologous microbe-responsive genes that include members of the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway. In addition, we identify a role for the Marchantia R2R3-MYB transcription factor MpMyb14 in activating phenylpropanoid (flavonoid) biosynthesis during oomycete infection. Mpmyb14 mutants infected with P. palmivora fail to activate phenylpropanoid biosynthesis gene expression and display enhanced disease susceptibility compared to wild-type plants. Conversely, the ectopic induction of MpMyb14 led to the accumulation of anthocyanin-like pigments and dramatically enhanced liverwort resistance to P. palmivora infection. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the Marchantia response to oomycete infection displays evolutionarily conserved features indicative of an ancestral pathogen deterrence strategy centered on phenylpropanoid-mediated biochemical defenses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Carella
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Anna Gogleva
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - David John Hoey
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Anthony John Bridgen
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Sara Christina Stolze
- Protein Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Protein Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schornack
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK; Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 EA3, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Castillo JA, Agathos SN. A genome-wide scan for genes under balancing selection in the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:123. [PMID: 31208326 PMCID: PMC6580516 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plant pathogens are under significant selective pressure by the plant host. Consequently, they are expected to have adapted to this condition or contribute to evading plant defenses. In order to acquire long-term fitness, plant bacterial pathogens are usually forced to maintain advantageous genetic diversity in populations. This strategy ensures that different alleles in the pathogen’s gene pool are maintained in a population at frequencies larger than expected under neutral evolution. This selective process, known as balancing selection, is the subject of this work in the context of a common bacterial phytopathogen. We performed a genome-wide scan of Ralstonia solanacearum species complex, an aggressive plant bacterial pathogen that shows broad host range and causes a devastating disease called ‘bacterial wilt’. Results Using a sliding window approach, we analyzed 57 genomes from three phylotypes of the R. solanacearum species complex to detect signatures of balancing selection. A total of 161 windows showed extreme values in three summary statistics of population genetics: Tajima’s D, θw and Fu & Li’s D*. We discarded any confounding effects due to demographic events by means of coalescent simulations of genetic data. The prospective windows correspond to 78 genes with known function that map in any of the two main replicons (1.7% of total number of genes). The candidate genes under balancing selection are related to primary metabolism and other basal activities (51.3%) or directly associated to virulence (48.7%), the latter being involved in key functions targeted to dismantle plant defenses or to participate in critical stages in the pathogenic process. Conclusions We identified various genes under balancing selection that play a significant role in basic metabolism as well as in virulence of the R. solanacearum species complex. These genes are useful to understand and monitor the evolution of bacterial pathogen populations and emerge as potential candidates for future treatments to induce specific plant immune responses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-019-1456-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José A Castillo
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San Jose s/n and Proyecto Yachay, Urcuquí, Ecuador.
| | - Spiros N Agathos
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San Jose s/n and Proyecto Yachay, Urcuquí, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Han X, Chang X, Zhang Z, Chen H, He H, Zhong B, Deng XW. Origin and Evolution of Core Components Responsible for Monitoring Light Environment Changes during Plant Terrestrialization. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:847-862. [PMID: 31009752 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Light serves as the source of energy as well as an information signal for photosynthetic plants. During evolution, plants have acquired the ability to monitor environmental light radiation and adjust their developmental patterns to optimally utilize light energy for photosynthesis. The mechanisms of light perception and signal transduction have been comprehensively studied in past decades, mostly in a few model plants, including Arabidopsis thaliana. However, systematic analyses of the origin and evolution of core components involved in light perception and signaling are still lacking. In this study, we took advantage of the recently sequenced genomes and transcriptomes covering all the main Archaeplastida clades in the public domain to identify orthologous genes of core components involved in light perception and signaling and to reconstruct their evolutionary history. Our analyses suggested that acclimation to different distribution of light quality in new environments led to the origination of specific light signaling pathways in plants. The UVR8 (UV Resistance Locus 8) signaling pathway originated during the movement of plants from the deeper sea to shallow water and enabled plants to deal with ultraviolet B light (UV-B). After acquisition of UV-B adaptation, origination of the phytochrome signaling pathway helped plants to colonize water surface where red light became the prominent light energy source. The seedling emergence pathway, which is mediated by a combination of light and phytohormone signals that orchestrate plant growth pattern transitions, originated before the emergence of seed plants. Although cryptochromes and some key components of E3 ubiquitin ligase systems already existed before the divergence of the plant and animal kingdoms, the coevolution and optimization of light perception and downstream signal transduction components, including key transcription factors and E3 ubiquitin ligase systems, are evident during plant terrestrialization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Haodong Chen
- School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hang He
- School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Bojian Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
de Vries S, de Vries J, Rose LE. The Elaboration of miRNA Regulation and Gene Regulatory Networks in Plant⁻Microbe Interactions. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10040310. [PMID: 31010062 PMCID: PMC6523410 DOI: 10.3390/genes10040310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are exposed to diverse abiotic and biotic stimuli. These require fast and specific integrated responses. Such responses are coordinated at the protein and transcript levels and are incorporated into larger regulatory networks. Here, we focus on the evolution of transcriptional regulatory networks involved in plant–pathogen interactions. We discuss the evolution of regulatory networks and their role in fine-tuning plant defense responses. Based on the observation that many of the cornerstones of immune signaling in angiosperms are also present in streptophyte algae, it is likely that some regulatory components also predate the origin of land plants. The degree of functional conservation of many of these ancient components has not been elucidated. However, ongoing functional analyses in bryophytes show that some components are conserved. Hence, some of these regulatory components and how they are wired may also trace back to the last common ancestor of land plants or earlier. Of course, an understanding of the similarities and differences during the evolution of plant defense networks cannot ignore the lineage-specific coevolution between plants and their pathogens. In this review, we specifically focus on the small RNA regulatory networks involved in fine-tuning of the strength and timing of defense responses and highlight examples of pathogen exploitation of the host RNA silencing system. These examples illustrate well how pathogens frequently target gene regulation and thereby alter immune responses on a larger scale. That this is effective is demonstrated by the diversity of pathogens from distinct kingdoms capable of manipulating the same gene regulatory networks, such as the RNA silencing machinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie de Vries
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Jan de Vries
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Laura E Rose
- Institute of Population Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
- CEPLAS-Cluster of Excellence in Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Anasontzis GE, Lebrun MH, Haon M, Champion C, Kohler A, Lenfant N, Martin F, O'Connell RJ, Riley R, Grigoriev IV, Henrissat B, Berrin JG, Rosso MN. Broad-specificity GH131 β-glucanases are a hallmark of fungi and oomycetes that colonize plants. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:2724-2739. [PMID: 30887618 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Plant-tissue-colonizing fungi fine-tune the deconstruction of plant-cell walls (PCW) using different sets of enzymes according to their lifestyle. However, some of these enzymes are conserved among fungi with dissimilar lifestyles. We identified genes from Glycoside Hydrolase family GH131 as commonly expressed during plant-tissue colonization by saprobic, pathogenic and symbiotic fungi. By searching all the publicly available genomes, we found that GH131-coding genes were widely distributed in the Dikarya subkingdom, except in Taphrinomycotina and Saccharomycotina, and in phytopathogenic Oomycetes, but neither other eukaryotes nor prokaryotes. The presence of GH131 in a species was correlated with its association with plants as symbiont, pathogen or saprobe. We propose that GH131-family expansions and horizontal-gene transfers contributed to this adaptation. We analysed the biochemical activities of GH131 enzymes whose genes were upregulated during plant-tissue colonization in a saprobe (Pycnoporus sanguineus), a plant symbiont (Laccaria bicolor) and three hemibiotrophic-plant pathogens (Colletotrichum higginsianum, C. graminicola, Zymoseptoria tritici). These enzymes were all active on substrates with β-1,4, β-1,3 and mixed β-1,4/1,3 glucosidic linkages. Combined with a cellobiohydrolase, GH131 enzymes enhanced cellulose degradation. We propose that secreted GH131 enzymes unlock the PCW barrier and allow further deconstruction by other enzymes during plant tissue colonization by symbionts, pathogens and saprobes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George E Anasontzis
- INRA, Aix-Marseille Univ, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, BBF, Marseille, France.,CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, UMR7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolecules Biologiques, Marseille, France
| | - Marc-Henri Lebrun
- INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Mireille Haon
- INRA, Aix-Marseille Univ, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, BBF, Marseille, France
| | - Charlotte Champion
- INRA, Aix-Marseille Univ, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, BBF, Marseille, France
| | - Annegret Kohler
- INRA, University of Lorraine, Laboratory of Excellence Advanced Research on the Biology of Tree and Forest Ecosystems (ARBRE), UMR 1136, Champenoux, France
| | - Nicolas Lenfant
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, UMR7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolecules Biologiques, Marseille, France
| | - Francis Martin
- INRA, University of Lorraine, Laboratory of Excellence Advanced Research on the Biology of Tree and Forest Ecosystems (ARBRE), UMR 1136, Champenoux, France
| | - Richard J O'Connell
- INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Robert Riley
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94598, USA
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, UMR7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolecules Biologiques, Marseille, France.,INRA, USC 1408, AFMB, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Guy Berrin
- INRA, Aix-Marseille Univ, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, BBF, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Rosso
- INRA, Aix-Marseille Univ, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, BBF, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Han GZ. Origin and evolution of the plant immune system. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:70-83. [PMID: 30575972 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 70 I. Introduction 70 II. Ancient associations between plants and microbes 72 III. Evolutionary dynamics of plant-pathogen interactions 74 IV. Evolutionary signature of plant-pathogen interactions 74 V. Origin and evolution of RLK proteins 75 VI. Origin and evolution of NLR proteins 77 VII. Origin and evolution of SA signaling 78 VIII. Origin and evolution of RNA-based defense 79 IX. Perspectives 79 Acknowledgements 80 References 80 SUMMARY: Microbes have engaged in antagonistic associations with plants for hundreds of millions of years. Plants, in turn, have evolved diverse immune strategies to combat microbial pathogens. The conflicts between plants and pathogens result in everchanging coevolutionary cycles known as 'Red Queen' dynamics. These ancient and ongoing plant-pathogen interactions have shaped the evolution of both plant and pathogen genomes. With the recent explosion of plant genome-scale data, comparative analyses provide novel insights into the coevolutionary dynamics of plants and pathogens. Here, we discuss the ancient associations between plants and microbes as well as the evolutionary principles underlying plant-pathogen interactions. We synthesize and review the current knowledge on the origin and evolution of key components of the plant immune system. We also highlight the importance of studying algae and nonflowering land plants in understanding the evolution of the plant immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Zhu Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Morozov SY, Solovyev AG. Emergence of Intronless Evolutionary Forms of Stress Response Genes: Possible Relation to Terrestrial Adaptation of Green Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:83. [PMID: 30792726 PMCID: PMC6374339 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Y. Morozov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Sergey Y. Morozov
| | - Andrey G. Solovyev
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|