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Chen Y, Li Z, Bai L, Lu B, Peng Y, Xu P, Song X, Bian Y, Wang X, Zhao S. Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides may have an antitumor effect in γδT cells through gut microbiota and TLRs/NF-κB pathway in mice. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:1011-1027. [PMID: 38604998 PMCID: PMC11148121 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy can be a suitable cancer treatment option in certain instances. Here we investigated the potential immunomodulatory effect of oral glycyrrhiza polysaccharides (GCP) on the antitumor function of γδT cells in intestinal epithelial cells in mice. We found that GCP can inhibit tumor growth and was involved in the regulation of systemic immunosuppression. GCP administration also promoted the differentiation of gut epithelia γδT cells into IFN-γ-producing subtype through regulation of local cytokines in gut mucosa. GCP administration increased local cytokine levels through gut microbiota and the gut mucosa Toll-like receptors / nuclear factor kappa-B pathway. Taken together, our results suggest that GCP might be a suitable candidate for tumor immunotherapy, although further clinical research, including clinical trials, are required to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxiao Chen
- College of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Zhaodong Li
- College of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Liding Bai
- College of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Bin Lu
- College of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yanfei Peng
- College of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Pengjuan Xu
- College of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xinbo Song
- College of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yuhong Bian
- College of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xiangling Wang
- College of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Shuwu Zhao
- College of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
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Huang Z, Chen C, Tan L, Ling Y, Ma W, Zhang J. 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing of Gut Microbiota in Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated with 99Tc-MDP. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2024; 17:237-249. [PMID: 38807628 PMCID: PMC11130713 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s451065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease with the main symptoms being joint swelling and pain. In severe cases, joint deformity or even complete loss of function occurs. Technetium methylene diphosphonate (99Tc-MDP) is widely used for RA treatment in China, but there are no studies on the effects of 99Tc-MDP on intestinal flora. Objective To explore the effects of 99Tc-MDP treatment on the composition and function of the intestinal flora and to provide new information on the mechanism of 99Tc-MDP in RA treatment. Methods Stool samples from RA patients before and after 99Tc-MDP treatment were collected to form two groups (Before and After). Total genomic DNA of the samples was extracted for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The altered composition of the intestinal flora, the key target bacteria regulated by 99Tc-MDP, and the pathways of action of 99 Tc-MDP were analyzed by bioinformatics. Results A total of 64 fresh stool samples were collected from 32 RA patients. Compared to the Before group, the After group showed increased Bacteroidetes abundance and decreased Firmicutes abundance. At the genus level, Prevotella increased whereas Escherichia decreased. Both α and β diversity analyses showed that 99Tc-MDP treatment did not affect gut microbial diversity in RA patients. LEfSe analyses and random forest analyses showed Bacteroidetes, Prevotella, Enterococcus, Escherichia and Ruminococcaceae were the main 99Tc-MDP regulating bacteria. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the functional differences in gut flora of the two groups centered on Metabolism and Genetic Information Processing. Conclusion This study revealed differences in the composition of the gut microbiota in RA patients before and after 99Tc-MDP treatment. The therapeutic effect of 99Tc MDP is mainly achieved through Bacteroidetes, Prevotella, and Enterococcus. Regulating metabolism and genetic information processing of gut flora may be the mechanism of 99Tc-MDP in treating RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Huang
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology & Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changming Chen
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linlin Tan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jinshazhou Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Ling
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wukai Ma
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinan Zhang
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology & Rheumatology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Green GBH, Cox-Holmes AN, Backan O, Valbak O, Potier ACE, Chen D, Morrow CD, Willey CD, McFarland BC. Exploring Gut Microbiota Alterations with Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole and Dexamethasone in a Humanized Microbiome Mouse Model. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1015. [PMID: 38792844 PMCID: PMC11124107 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12051015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Along with the standard therapies for glioblastoma, patients are commonly prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and dexamethasone for preventing infections and reducing cerebral edema, respectively. Because the gut microbiota impacts the efficacy of cancer therapies, it is important to understand how these medications impact the gut microbiota of patients. Using mice that have been colonized with human microbiota, this study sought to examine how TMP-SMX and dexamethasone affect the gut microbiome. Two lines of humanized microbiota (HuM) Rag1-/- mice, HuM1Rag and HuM2Rag, were treated with either TMP-SMX or dexamethasone via oral gavage once a day for a week. Fecal samples were collected pre-treatment (pre-txt), one week after treatment initiation (1 wk post txt), and three weeks post-treatment (3 wk post txt), and bacterial DNA was analyzed using 16S rRNA-sequencing. The HuM1Rag mice treated with TMP-SMX had significant shifts in alpha diversity, beta diversity, and functional pathways at all time points, whereas in the HuM2Rag mice, it resulted in minimal changes in the microbiome. Likewise, dexamethasone treatment resulted in significant changes in the microbiome of the HuM1Rag mice, whereas the microbiome of the HuM2Rag mice was mostly unaffected. The results of our study show that routine medications used during glioblastoma treatment can perturb gut microbiota, with some microbiome compositions being more sensitive than others, and these treatments could potentially affect the overall efficacy of standard-of-care therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- George B. H. Green
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Alexis N. Cox-Holmes
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Olivia Backan
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Undergraduate Cancer Biology Program, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Olivia Valbak
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Undergraduate Cancer Biology Program, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Anna Claire E. Potier
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Undergraduate Cancer Biology Program, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | - Casey D. Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Christopher D. Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Braden C. McFarland
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Jensen O, Trujillo E, Hanson L, Ost KS. Controlling Candida: immune regulation of commensal fungi in the gut. Infect Immun 2024:e0051623. [PMID: 38647290 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00516-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome harbors fungi that pose a significant risk to human health as opportunistic pathogens and drivers of inflammation. Inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are associated with dysbiotic fungal communities and the expansion of potentially pathogenic fungi. The gut is also the main reservoir for disseminated fungal infections. Immune interactions are critical for preventing commensal fungi from becoming pathogenic. Significant strides have been made in defining innate and adaptive immune pathways that regulate intestinal fungi, and these discoveries have coincided with advancements in our understanding of the fungal molecular pathways and effectors involved in both commensal colonization and pathogenesis within the gut. In this review, we will discuss immune interactions important for regulating commensal fungi, with a focus on how specific cell types and effectors interact with fungi to limit their colonization or pathogenic potential. This will include how innate and adaptive immune pathways target fungi and orchestrate antifungal immune responses, in addition to how secreted immune effectors, such as mucus and antimicrobial peptides, regulate fungal colonization and inhibit pathogenic potential. These immune interactions will be framed around our current understanding of the fungal effectors and pathways regulating colonization and pathogenesis within this niche. Finally, we highlight important unexplored mechanisms by which the immune system regulates commensal fungi in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Jensen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Emma Trujillo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Luke Hanson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kyla S Ost
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Wang S, Gong X, Xiao F, Yang Y. Recent advances in host-focused molecular tools for investigating host-gut microbiome interactions. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1335036. [PMID: 38605718 PMCID: PMC11007152 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1335036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities in the human gut play a significant role in regulating host gene expression, influencing a variety of biological processes. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying host-microbe interactions, tools that can dissect signaling networks are required. In this review, we discuss recent advances in molecular tools used to study this interplay, with a focus on those that explore how the microbiome regulates host gene expression. These tools include CRISPR-based whole-body genetic tools for deciphering host-specific genes involved in the interaction process, Cre-loxP based tissue/cell-specific gene editing approaches, and in vitro models of host-derived organoids. Overall, the application of these molecular tools is revolutionizing our understanding of how host-microbiome interactions contribute to health and disease, paving the way for improved therapies and interventions that target microbial influences on the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Gong
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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Wang X, Chen P, Wang J, Wang Y, Miao Y, Wang X, Li Q, Zhang X, Duan J. Acetolactate Decarboxylase as an Important Regulator of Intracellular Acidification, Morphological Features, and Antagonism Properties in the Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300337. [PMID: 38048544 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
SCORE This study identifies the coding gene (aldB) of acetolactate decarboxylase (ALDC) as an important regulatory gene of the intracellular pH in Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), uncovering the important role of ALDC in regulating intracellular pH, morphological features, and antagonism properties in the probiotic organism L. reuteri. METHODS AND RESULTS The aldB mutant (ΔaldB) of L. reuteri is established using the homologous recombination method. Compare to the wild-type (WT) strain, the ΔaldB strain shows a smaller body size, grows more slowly, and contains more acid in the cell cytoplasm. The survival rate of the ΔaldB strain is much lower in low pH and simulated gastric fluid (SGF) than that of the WT strain, but higher in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). The antagonism test demonstrates the ΔaldB strain can inhibit Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) and Salmonella more effectively than the WT strain. Additionally, there is a dramatic decrease in the adhesion rate of Salmonella to Caco-2 and HT-29 cells in the presence of the ΔaldB strain compared to the WT strain. Simultaneously analyze, the auto-aggregation, co-aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), hemolytic, temperature, NaCl, oxidative stress, and antibiotic susceptibility of the ΔaldB strain are consistent with the features of probiotics. CONCLUSION This study highlights that the aldB gene plays a significant role in the growth and antibacterial properties of L. reuteri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Resources Utilization in South Xinjiang of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yu Miao
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xinling Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qiulei Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jinyou Duan
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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7
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Li G, Gao M, Zhang S, Dai T, Wang F, Geng J, Rao J, Qin X, Qian J, Zuo L, Zhou M, Liu L, Zhou H. Sleep Deprivation Impairs Intestinal Mucosal Barrier by Activating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Goblet Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:85-100. [PMID: 37918798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deficiency is associated with intestinal inflammatory conditions and is increasingly recognized as a public health concern worldwide. However, the effects of sleep deficiency on intestinal goblet cells (GCs), which play a major role in intestinal barrier formation, remain elusive. Herein, the effects of sleep deprivation on intestinal GCs were determined using a sleep-deprivation mouse model. Sleep deprivation impaired the intestinal mucosal barrier and decreased the expression of tight junction proteins. According to single-cell RNA sequencing and histologic assessments, sleep deprivation significantly reduced GC numbers and mucin protein levels in intestinal tissues. Furthermore, sleep deprivation initiated endoplasmic reticulum stress by activating transcription factor 6 and binding Ig protein. Treatment with melatonin, an endoplasmic reticulum stress regulator, significantly alleviated endoplasmic reticulum stress responses in intestinal GCs. In addition, melatonin increased the villus length, reduced the crypt depth, and restored intestinal barrier function in mice with sleep deprivation. Overall, the findings revealed that sleep deprivation could impair intestinal mucosal barrier integrity and GC function. Targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress could represent an ideal strategy for treating sleep deficiency-induced gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxiang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengru Gao
- Clinical Pathology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Clinical Pathology Center, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tianliang Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinke Geng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jia Rao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuejia Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jizhao Qian
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Zuo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Li Y, Li J, Jia D, Gao S, Guo Y, Liu J, Wang J, Guan G, Luo J, Yin H, Xiao S, Li Y. The Microbial Tryptophan Metabolite Contributes to the Remission of Salmonella typhimurium Infection in Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:57-68. [PMID: 38019127 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Tm) causes severe foodborne diseases. Interestingly, gut microbial tryptophan (Trp) metabolism plays a pivotal role in such infections by a yet unknown mechanism. This study aimed to explore the impact of Trp metabolism on S. Tm infection and the possible mechanisms involved. S. Tm-infected C57BL6/J mice were used to demonstrate the therapeutic benefits of the Bacillus velezensis JT3-1 (B. velezensis/JT3-1) strain or its cell-free supernatant in enhancing Trp metabolism. Targeted Trp metabolomic analyses indicated the predominance of indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), an indole derivative and ligand for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Based on the 16S amplicon sequencing and correlation analysis of metabolites, we found that B. velezensis supported the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Ligilactobacillus in mouse gut and showed positive correlations with ILA levels. Moreover, AHR and its downstream genes (especially IL-22) significantly increased in mouse colons after B. velezensis or cell-free supernatant treatment, suggesting the importance of AHR pathway activation. In addition, ILA was found to stimulate primary mouse macrophages to secrete IL-22, which was antagonized by CH-223191. Furthermore, ILA could protect mice from S. Tm infection by increasing IL-22 in Ahr+/- mice, but not in Ahr-/- mice. Finally, Trp-rich feeding showed amelioration of S. Tm infection in mice, and the effect depended on gut microbiota. Taken together, these results suggest that B. velezensis-associated ILA contributes to protecting mice against S. Tm infection by activating the AHR/IL-22 pathway. This study provides insights into the involvement of microbiota-derived Trp catabolites in protecting against Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junqi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shandian Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Junlong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guiquan Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxun Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sa Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Youquan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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Hu S, Zhao R, Xu Y, Gu Z, Zhu B, Hu J. Orally-administered nanomedicine systems targeting colon inflammation for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: latest advances. J Mater Chem B 2023; 12:13-38. [PMID: 38018424 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02302h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and idiopathic condition that results in inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to conditions such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Commonly used treatments for IBD include anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, and antibiotics. Fecal microbiota transplantation is also being explored as a potential treatment method; however, these drugs may lead to systemic side effects. Oral administration is preferred for IBD treatment, but accurately locating the inflamed area in the colon is challenging due to multiple physiological barriers. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems possess unique physicochemical properties that enable precise delivery to the target site for IBD treatment, exploiting the increased permeability and retention effect of inflamed intestines. The first part of this review comprehensively introduces the pathophysiological environment of IBD, covering the gastrointestinal pH, various enzymes in the pathway, transport time, intestinal mucus, intestinal epithelium, intestinal immune cells, and intestinal microbiota. The second part focuses on the latest advances in the mechanism and strategies of targeted delivery using oral nanoparticle drug delivery systems for colitis-related fields. Finally, we present challenges and potential directions for future IBD treatment with the assistance of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumeng Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China.
| | - Runan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China.
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Zelin Gu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China.
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Jiangning Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
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10
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Suhr M, Fichtner-Grabowski FT, Seibel H, Bang C, Franke A, Schulz C, Hornburg SC. Effects of plant-based proteins and handling stress on intestinal mucus microbiota in rainbow trout. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22563. [PMID: 38110473 PMCID: PMC10728151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, this study explores whether the gut mucus microbiota of rainbow trout is affected by the interaction of a plant-protein-based diet and a daily handling stressor (chasing with a fishing net) across two genetic lines (A, B). Initial body weights of fish from lines A and B were 124.7 g and 147.2 g, respectively. Fish were fed 1.5% of body weight per day for 59 days either of two experimental diets, differing in their fish meal [fishmeal-based diet (F): 35%, plant-based diet (V): 7%] and plant-based protein content (diet F: 47%, diet V: 73%). No diet- or stress-related effect on fish performance was observed at the end of the trial. However, we found significantly increased observed ASVs in the intestinal mucus of fish fed diet F compared to diet V. No significant differences in Shannon diversity could be observed between treatments. The autochthonous microbiota in fish fed with diet V was dominated by representatives of the genera Mycoplasma, Cetobacterium, and Ruminococcaceae, whereas Enterobacteriaceae and Photobacterium were significantly associated with diet F. The mucus bacteria in both genetic lines were significantly separated by diet, but neither by stress nor an interaction, as obtained via PERMANOVA. However, pairwise comparisons revealed that the diet effect was only significant in stressed fish. Therefore, our findings indicate that the mucus-associated microbiota is primarily modulated by the protein source, but this modulation is mediated by the stress status of the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Suhr
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 9, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | | | - Henrike Seibel
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Individualized and Cell-Based Medical Engineering (IMTE), Hafentörn 3, 25761, Büsum, Germany
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carsten Schulz
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Individualized and Cell-Based Medical Engineering (IMTE), Hafentörn 3, 25761, Büsum, Germany
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 6, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stéphanie C Hornburg
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 9, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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11
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Zha X, Su S, Wu D, Zhang P, Wei Y, Fan S, Huang Q, Peng X. The impact of gut microbiota changes on the intestinal mucus barrier in burned mice: a study using 16S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkad056. [PMID: 38130728 PMCID: PMC10734567 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Background The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that plays a critical role in human health and disease. However, the relationship between gut microbiota and intestinal damage caused by burns is not well understood. The intestinal mucus layer is crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis and providing a physiological barrier against bacterial invasion. This study aims to investigate the impact of gut microbiota on the synthesis and degradation of intestinal mucus after burns and explore potential therapeutic targets for burn injury. Methods A modified histopathological grading system was employed to investigate the effects of burn injury on colon tissue and the intestinal mucus barrier in mice. Subsequently, 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing was used to analyze alterations in the gut microbiota at days 1-10 post-burn. Based on this, metagenomic sequencing was conducted on samples collected at days 1, 5 and 10 to investigate changes in mucus-related microbiota and explore potential underlying mechanisms. Results Our findings showed that the mucus barrier was disrupted and that bacterial translocation occurred on day 3 following burn injury in mice. Moreover, the gut microbiota in mice was significantly disrupted from days 1 to 3 following burn injury, but gradually recovered to normal as the disease progressed. Specifically, there was a marked increase in the abundance of symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria associated with mucin degradation on day 1 after burns, but the abundance returned to normal on day 5. Conversely, the abundance of probiotic bacteria associated with mucin synthesis changed in the opposite direction. Further analysis revealed that after a burn injury, bacteria capable of degrading mucus may utilize glycoside hydrolases, flagella and internalins to break down the mucus layer, while bacteria that synthesize mucus may help restore the mucus layer by promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids. Conclusions Burn injury leads to disruption of colonic mucus barrier and dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Some commensal and pathogenic bacteria may participate in mucin degradation via glycoside hydrolases, flagella, internalins, etc. Probiotics may provide short-chain fatty acids (particularly butyrate) as an energy source for stressed intestinal epithelial cells, promote mucin synthesis and accelerate repair of mucus layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xule Zha
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Sen Su
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Panyang Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shijun Fan
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qianying Huang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xi Peng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
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12
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Dawoodi S, Rizvi SAA, Zaidi AK. Innate immune responses to SARS-CoV-2. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 202:127-154. [PMID: 38237984 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2, focusing on the recognition, activation, and evasion strategies employed by the virus. The innate immune system plays a crucial role in the early defense against viral infections, and understanding its response to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for developing effective therapeutic approaches. The chapter begins by explaining the basics of the innate immune system, including its components and salient features. It discusses the various pattern recognition receptors involved in recognizing SARS-CoV-2, such as toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and other cytosolic sensors. The binding and entry of the virus into host cells and subsequent activation of innate immune cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells, and ILCs, are explored. Furthermore, the secretion of key cytokines and chemokines, including type I interferons, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-alpha, is discussed as part of the innate immune response. The concept of PANoptosis, involving programmed cell death mechanisms, is introduced as a significant aspect of the response to SARS-CoV-2. The chapter also addresses the innate immune evasion strategies employed by SARS-CoV-2, which allow the virus to evade or subvert the host immune response, contributing to viral persistence. Understanding these strategies is crucial for developing targeted therapies against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Dawoodi
- Anaesthesiologist, University Hospitals Birmingham and NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Syed A A Rizvi
- College of Biomedical Sciences, Larkin University, Miami, Florida, United States.
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13
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Hao YZ, Cen LF, Wang T, Yi T, Shi XL, Duan HJ, Dai Z, Zhu HY, Tang JG. The protective effect of 999 XiaoErGanMao granules on the lungs and intestines of influenza A virus-infected mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:630-638. [PMID: 37036063 PMCID: PMC10088977 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2195884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Gastrointestinal symptoms are a common complication of influenza virus infection in children, which the gut-lung axis become involved in its biological progress. The protective effect of 999 XiaoErGanMao granules (XEGMG) on multi-organ injury in viral pneumonia remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effect of XEGMG on lungs and intestines injury in A/FM/1/47 (H1N1) influenza virus-infected mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male BALB/c mice were infected with the 2LD50 H1N1 influenza virus and then treated with XEGMG (6 or 12 g/kg) intragastrically once a day for 4 days. The lung and colon samples were then collected for pathological observation, and assays for inflammatory cytokines and intestinal barrier. Mouse feces were collected to evaluate the intestinal microbiota. RESULTS Treating with XEGMG (12 g/kg) can mitigate body weight loss caused by 2LD50 H1N1 infection. It can also reduce lung index and pathological damage with the decreased inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-1β. Furthermore, XEGMG (12 g/kg) can maintain the goblet cell number in the colons to protect the intestinal barrier and regulate the major flora such as Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Muribaculaceae back to normal. Meanwhile, the expression of IL-17A in the colon tissues was significantly lower in the group of XEGMG (6, 12 g/kg) compared to H1N1 group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS XEGMG can protect against H1N1 invasion involved in gut-lung axis regulation. The results provide new evidence for the protective effect of XEGMG, which is beneficial to vulnerable children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-zhen Hao
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-feng Cen
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Yi
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun-long Shi
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-juan Duan
- China Resources Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi Dai
- China Resources Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hai-yan Zhu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-guo Tang
- Department of Trauma-Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Lei H, Yu D, Xue YB, Li YH, Gong SM, Peng YY, Liu KF, Buratto D, Yang Y, Zhang SS, Wu M, Zhou R, Huang L. Tuft cells utilize taste signaling molecules to respond to the pathobiont microbe Ruminococcus gnavus in the proximal colon. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1259521. [PMID: 37954611 PMCID: PMC10634341 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1259521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuft cells are a type of rare epithelial cells that have been recently found to utilize taste signal transduction pathways to detect and respond to various noxious stimuli and pathogens, including allergens, bacteria, protists and parasitic helminths. It is, however, not fully understood how many different types of pathogens they can sense or what exact molecular mechanisms they employ to initiate targeted responses. In this study, we found that an anaerobic pathobiont microbe, Ruminococcus gnavus (R. gnavus), can induce tuft cell proliferation in the proximal colon whereas the microbe's lysate can stimulate these proximal colonic tuft cells to release interleukin-25 (IL-25). Nullification of the Gng13 and Trpm5 genes that encode the G protein subunit Gγ13 and transient receptor potential ion channel Trpm5, respectively, or application of the Tas2r inhibitor allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), G protein Gβγ subunit inhibitor Gallein or the phospholipase Cβ2 (PLCβ2) inhibitor U73122 reduces R. gnavus-elicited tuft cell proliferation or IL-25 release or both. Furthermore, Gng13 conditional knockout or Trpm5 knockout diminishes the expression of gasdermins C2, C3 and C4, and concomitantly increases the activated forms of caspases 3, 8 and 9 as well as the number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells in the proximal colon. Together, our data suggest that taste signal transduction pathways are not only involved in the detection of R. gnavus infection, but also contribute to helping maintain gasdermin expression and prevent apoptotic cell death in the proximal colon, and these findings provide another strategy to combat R. gnavus infection and sheds light on new roles of taste signaling proteins along with gasdermins in protecting the integrity of the proximal colonic epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Defu Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan-Bo Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Hong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shi-Meng Gong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai-Fang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Damiano Buratto
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai, China
| | - Yisen Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sai-Sai Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai, China
| | - Liquan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai, China
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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15
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Mao A, Zhao W, Zhu Y, Kong F, Chen D, Si H, Xu C. Gut Bacterial Community Determines the Therapeutic Effect of Ginsenoside on Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Modulating the Colonic Mucosal Barrier. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2616. [PMID: 38004628 PMCID: PMC10672857 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises systemic inflammatory conditions primarily affecting the gastrointestinal tract, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. This research aims to analyze the clinical symptoms and pathogenesis of a Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced canine IBD model and evaluate the restorative effect of ginsenoside from a pathogenesis perspective. We established the DSS-induced canine IBD model and studied the pathological mechanisms. Additionally, we examined the therapeutic effect of ginsenosides by assessing the Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity Index (CIBDAI), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, colonic tissue morphology, protein expression, and mucosal bacterial community analysis. Our findings revealed a total ginsenoside content of 22.7% in the ginsenoside extract. Animal experiments demonstrated that dogs with IBD exhibited decreased mental state, significantly increased CIBDAI and CRP levels, disrupted colonic epithelial tissue structure, decreased expression of mucin, tight junctions, and adherens junctions, as well as reduced diversity of the colonic mucosal bacterial community. Furthermore, correlation analysis highlighted a total of 38 bacterial strains correlated with physiological indices. Significantly, ginsenoside treatment could improve these symptoms and reverse the relative abundance of some bacterial communities. In conclusion, alterations in the properties of the colonic mucus layer or the reduction in MUC2, its core component, in dogs with IBD can lead to bacterial penetration of the mucus layer and subsequent contact with intestinal epithelial cells, resulting in inflammation. Remarkably, ginsenoside intervention showcased the capacity to positively influence the relative abundance of bacteria and impact the colonic mucus layer properties, thereby offering promising prospects for IBD management and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aipeng Mao
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Research Center for Microbial Feed Engineering of Special Animals in Jilin Province, Innovation Center for Feeding and Utilization of Special Animals in Jilin Province, Changchun 130112, China; (A.M.); (W.Z.); (F.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Weigang Zhao
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Research Center for Microbial Feed Engineering of Special Animals in Jilin Province, Innovation Center for Feeding and Utilization of Special Animals in Jilin Province, Changchun 130112, China; (A.M.); (W.Z.); (F.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Yuhang Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Fantao Kong
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Research Center for Microbial Feed Engineering of Special Animals in Jilin Province, Innovation Center for Feeding and Utilization of Special Animals in Jilin Province, Changchun 130112, China; (A.M.); (W.Z.); (F.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Danyang Chen
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Research Center for Microbial Feed Engineering of Special Animals in Jilin Province, Innovation Center for Feeding and Utilization of Special Animals in Jilin Province, Changchun 130112, China; (A.M.); (W.Z.); (F.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Huazhe Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Chao Xu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Research Center for Microbial Feed Engineering of Special Animals in Jilin Province, Innovation Center for Feeding and Utilization of Special Animals in Jilin Province, Changchun 130112, China; (A.M.); (W.Z.); (F.K.); (D.C.)
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16
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Kurata A, Takeuchi S, Fujiwara R, Tamura K, Imai T, Yamasaki-Yashiki S, Onuma H, Fukuta Y, Shirasaka N, Uegaki K. Activation of the toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway by GAPDH from bacterial strain RD055328. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:907-915. [PMID: 37169920 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We characterized the membrane vesicle fraction (RD-MV fraction) from bacterial strain RD055328, which is related to members of the genus Companilactobacillus and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. RD-MVs and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were detected in the RD-MV fraction. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) was produced by Peyer's patch cells following the addition of the RD-MV fraction. In the presence of the RD-MV fraction, RAW264 cells produced the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. Recombinant GAPDH probably induced the production of IL-6 by RAW264 cells via superficial toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) recognition. A confocal laser scanning microscopy image analysis indicated that RD-MVs and GAPDH were taken up by RAW264 cells. GAPDH wrapped around RAW264 cells. We suggest that GAPDH from strain RD055328 enhanced the production of IgA by acquired immune cells via the production of IL-6 by innate immune cells through TLR2 signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kurata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
| | - Shimpei Takeuchi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
| | - Ryo Fujiwara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
| | - Kento Tamura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
| | - Tomoya Imai
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shino Yamasaki-Yashiki
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Onuma
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Fukuta
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
| | - Norifumi Shirasaka
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
| | - Koichi Uegaki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
- Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
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17
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Osawa M, Handa O, Fukushima S, Matsumoto H, Umegaki E, Inoue R, Naito Y, Shiotani A. Reduced abundance of butyric acid-producing bacteria in the ileal mucosa-associated microbiota of ulcerative colitis patients. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 73:77-83. [PMID: 37534095 PMCID: PMC10390811 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Compositional changes in the microbiota are associated with various inflammatory diseases, including ulcerative colitis (UC). Aim: This study aimed to investigate the mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM) in patients with UC and its difference related with disease activity and classification. Brush samples were collected from the terminal ileum and sigmoid colon during endoscopic procedures. The microbiota of samples was profiled using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The V3-V4 regions of the gene encoding 16S rRNA (460 bp) were amplified using PCR. Fifty UC patients and twenty healthy controls were enrolled. UC patients displayed significantly reduced α-diversity in both the ileum and sigmoid colon compared to controls. A difference in β-diversity in the unweighted analysis was observed between the two groups. The abundance of Lactobacillus and Veillonella was significantly higher and that of Butyricicoccus, Ruminococcus and Lachnospiraceae was significantly lower in the ileum of UC patients than in controls. The abundance of Odoribacter in the ileum was significantly lower in left-sided colitis and pancolitis patients than in proctitis patients and lower in patients with highly severe disease activity than with mild disease activity. The reduction in abundance of butyric acid-producing bacteria, especially Odoribacter, in ileal MAM may play an important role in the pathophysiology of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyasu Osawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Osamu Handa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Shinya Fukushima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Eiji Umegaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Human Immunology and Nutrition Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi Hirokoji Agaru, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Akiko Shiotani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
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18
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Zhao M, Zhao Q, Guan Z, Liu Q, Zhou H, Huang Q, Huo B. Effect of Panax ginseng and Fructus Mume on Intestinal Barrier and Gut Microbiota in Rats with Diarrhea. J Med Food 2023; 26:165-175. [PMID: 36827387 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.k.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Panax ginseng and Fructus mume (Renshen Wumei in Chinese, RW) are natural medicines with high nutritional and pharmacological value. They have been widely used together in China to treat gastrointestinal diseases, especially persistent diarrhea, but the potential mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, a diarrhea model was established in rats using a 30% aqueous extract of senna. The therapeutic effects of RW were evaluated by recording the prevalence of loose stools, the diarrhea index, and histopathological changes in colon tissue. The levels of mucins, tight junction (TJ) proteins, inflammatory cytokines, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/nuclear factor-κB (PI3K/Akt/NF-κB) signaling pathway proteins were measured. Metagenomic sequencing was used to analyze the gut microbiota. Treatment with RW alleviated injury to the intestinal barrier in rats with diarrhea and also upregulated levels of Muc2 and TJ proteins, such as occludin, zonula occludens-1, and claudin-1. Administration of RW regulated the structure of the gut microbiota in diarrheal rats. Furthermore, RW suppressed levels of interleukin (IL), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1, PI3K, Akt, and p-NF-κB p65 and also increased IL-4 levels. Our study indicates that P. ginseng and Fructus mume help improve the symptoms of diarrhea, possibly by alleviating the intestinal barrier injury, regulating intestinal flora composition, and inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwei Guan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qianwei Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyun Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qinwan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bixiu Huo
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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19
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Senchukova MA. Microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract: Friend or foe? World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:19-42. [PMID: 36683718 PMCID: PMC9850957 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is currently considered an external organ of the human body that provides important mechanisms of metabolic regulation and protection. The gut microbiota encodes over 3 million genes, which is approximately 150 times more than the total number of genes present in the human genome. Changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiome lead to disruption in the synthesis of key bacterial metabolites, changes in intestinal barrier function, and inflammation and can cause the development of a wide variety of diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular issues, neurological disorders and oncological concerns. In this review, I consider issues related to the role of the microbiome in the regulation of intestinal barrier function, its influence on physiological and pathological processes occurring in the body, and potential new therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring the gut microbiome. Herewith, it is important to understand that the gut microbiota and human body should be considered as a single biological system, where change of one element will inevitably affect its other components. Thus, the study of the impact of the intestinal microbiota on health should be considered only taking into account numerous factors, the role of which has not yet been fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Senchukova
- Department of Oncology, Orenburg State Medical University, Orenburg 460000, Russia
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20
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Austriaco N. Yeast oral vaccines against infectious diseases. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1150412. [PMID: 37138614 PMCID: PMC10149678 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1150412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines that are delivered orally have several advantages over their counterparts that are administered via injection. Despite the advantages of oral delivery, however, approved oral vaccines are currently limited either to diseases that affect the gastrointestinal tract or to pathogens that have a crucial life cycle stage in the gut. Moreover, all of the approved oral vaccines for these diseases involve live-attenuated or inactivated pathogens. This mini-review summarizes the potential and challenges of yeast oral vaccine delivery systems for animal and human infectious diseases. These delivery systems utilize whole yeast recombinant cells that are consumed orally to transport candidate antigens to the immune system of the gut. This review begins with a discussion of the challenges associated with oral administration of vaccines and the distinct benefits offered by whole yeast delivery systems over other delivery systems. It then surveys the emerging yeast oral vaccines that have been developed over the past decade to combat animal and human diseases. In recent years, several candidate vaccines have emerged that can elicit the necessary immune response to provide significant protection against challenge by pathogen. They serve as proof of principle to show that yeast oral vaccines hold much promise.
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21
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Woo CW, Tso P, Yiu JHC. Commensal gut microbiota-based strategies for oral delivery of therapeutic proteins. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2022; 43:1004-1013. [PMID: 36057462 PMCID: PMC9669164 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins are rarely available in oral dosage form because the hostile environment of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract and their large size make this delivery method difficult. Commensal bacteria in the gut face the same situation; however, they not only survive but low levels of their structural components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan, and flagellin are also consistently detectable in the circulatory systems of healthy individuals. This opinion article discusses how gut bacteria survive in the gut, how their components penetrate the body from the perspective of the bacteria's and the host's proactivity, and how orally administered therapeutic proteins may be developed that exploit similar mechanisms to enter the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie W Woo
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Patrick Tso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jensen H C Yiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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22
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Scull CE, Luo M, Jennings S, Taylor CM, Wang G. Cftr deletion in mouse epithelial and immune cells differentially influence the intestinal microbiota. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1130. [PMID: 36289287 PMCID: PMC9605958 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-threatening genetic disorder, caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane-conductance regulator gene (cftr) that encodes CFTR, a cAMP-activated chloride and bicarbonate channel. Clinically, CF lung disease dominates the adult patient population. However, its gastrointestinal illness claims the early morbidity and mortality, manifesting as intestinal dysbiosis, inflammation and obstruction. As CF is widely accepted as a disease of epithelial dysfunction, it is unknown whether CFTR loss-of-function in immune cells contributes to these clinical outcomes. Using cftr genetic knockout and bone marrow transplantation mouse models, we performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the intestinal microbes. Here we show that cftr deletion in both epithelial and immune cells collectively influence the intestinal microbiota. However, the immune defect is a major factor determining the dysbiosis in the small intestine, while the epithelial defect largely influences that in the large intestine. This finding revises the current concept by suggesting that CF epithelial defect and immune defect play differential roles in CF intestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie E Scull
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Scott Jennings
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Guoshun Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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23
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Gut microbiota: a new avenue to reveal pathological mechanisms of constipation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6899-6913. [PMID: 36190540 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Constipation is very pervasive all over the world. It is a common multifactorial gastrointestinal disease, and its etiology and pathomechanism are not completely clear. Now, increasing evidence shows that intestinal flora is closely related to constipation. Intestinal flora is the largest microbiota in the human body and has powerful metabolic functions. Intestinal flora can produce a variety of metabolites, such as bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan metabolites, and methane, which have important effects on intestinal motility and secretion. The host can also monitor the intestinal flora and regulate gut dysbacteriosis in constipation. To explore the relationship between intestinal flora and host, the combination of multiomics technology has become the powerful and effective method. Furthermore, the homeostasis restoration of intestinal flora also provides a new strategy for the treatment of constipation. This review aims to explore the interaction between intestinal flora and host in constipation, which contributes to disclose the pathogenesis of constipation and the development of novel drugs for the treatment of constipation from the perspective of intestinal flora. KEY POINTS: • This review highlights the regulation of gut microbiota on the intestinal motility and secretion of host. • The current review gives an insight into the role of the host on the recognition and regulation of intestinal ecology under constipation. • The article also introduces some novel methods of current gut microbiota research and gut microbiota-based constipation therapies.
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24
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Zhao Y, Zhong X, Yan J, Sun C, Zhao X, Wang X. Potential roles of gut microbes in biotransformation of natural products: An overview. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:956378. [PMID: 36246222 PMCID: PMC9560768 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.956378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been extensively applied in clinical practice, characterized by multi-component and multi-target, many pharmacodynamic substances, complex action mechanisms, and various physiological activities. For the oral administration of natural products, the gut microbiota and clinical efficacy are closely related, but this relationship remains unclear. Gut microbes play an important role in the transformation and utilization of natural products caused by the diversity of enzyme systems. Effective components such as flavonoids, alkaloids, lignans, and phenols cannot be metabolized directly through human digestive enzymes but can be transformed by enzymes produced by gut microorganisms and then utilized. Therefore, the focus is paid to the metabolism of natural products through the gut microbiota. In the present study, we systematically reviewed the studies about gut microbiota and their effect on the biotransformation of various components of natural products and highlighted the involved common bacteria, reaction types, pharmacological actions, and research methods. This study aims to provide theoretical support for the clinical application in the prevention and treatment of diseases and provide new ideas for studying natural products based on gut biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucui Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinqin Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Junyuan Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Congying Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Zhao,
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Xiaoying Wang,
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25
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Li C, Xie J, Wang J, Cao Y, Pu M, Gong Q, Lu Q. Therapeutic effects and mechanisms of plant-derived natural compounds against intestinal mucositis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:969550. [PMID: 36210837 PMCID: PMC9533105 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.969550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis is a clinically related adverse reaction of antitumor treatment. Majority of patients receiving high-dose chemical therapy, radiotherapy, and bone-marrow transplant suffer from intestinal mucositis. Clinical manifestations of intestinal mucositis mainly include pain, body-weight reduction, inflammatory symptom, diarrhea, hemoproctia, and infection, which all affect regular nutritional input and enteric function. Intestinal mucositis often influences adherence to antitumor treatment because it frequently restricts the sufferer’s capacity to tolerate treatment, thus resulting in schedule delay, interruption, or premature suspension. In certain circumstances, partial and general secondary infections are found, increasing the expenditures on medical care and hospitalization. Current methods of treating intestinal mucositis are provided, which do not always counteract this disorder. Against this background, novel therapeutical measures are extremely required to prevent and treat intestinal mucositis. Plant-derived natural compounds have lately become potential candidates against enteric injury ascribed to the capacity to facilitate mucosal healing and anti-inflammatory effects. These roles are associated with the improvement of intestinal mucosal barrier, suppression of inflammatory response and oxidant stress, and modulation of gut microflora and immune system. The present article aims at systematically discussing the recent progress of plant-derived natural compounds as promising treatments for intestinal mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jianhui Xie
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China
| | - Min Pu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China
| | - Qihai Gong
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Qihai Gong, ; Qiang Lu,
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China
- *Correspondence: Qihai Gong, ; Qiang Lu,
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