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Masanta S, Wiesyk A, Panja C, Pilch S, Ciesla J, Sipko M, De A, Enkhbaatar T, Maslanka R, Skoneczna A, Kucharczyk R. Fmp40 ampylase regulates cell survival upon oxidative stress by controlling Prx1 and Trx3 oxidation. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103201. [PMID: 38795545 PMCID: PMC11140801 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), play important roles in cellular signaling, nonetheless are toxic at higher concentrations. Cells have many interconnected, overlapped or backup systems to neutralize ROS, but their regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we reveal an essential role for mitochondrial AMPylase Fmp40 from budding yeast in regulating the redox states of the mitochondrial 1-Cys peroxiredoxin Prx1, which is the only protein shown to neutralize H2O2 with the oxidation of the mitochondrial glutathione and the thioredoxin Trx3, directly involved in the reduction of Prx1. Deletion of FMP40 impacts a cellular response to H2O2 treatment that leads to programmed cell death (PCD) induction and an adaptive response involving up or down regulation of genes encoding, among others the catalase Cta1, PCD inducing factor Aif1, and mitochondrial redoxins Trx3 and Grx2. This ultimately perturbs the reduced glutathione and NADPH cellular pools. We further demonstrated that Fmp40 AMPylates Prx1, Trx3, and Grx2 in vitro and interacts with Trx3 in vivo. AMPylation of the threonine residue 66 in Trx3 is essential for this protein's proper endogenous level and its precursor forms' maturation under oxidative stress conditions. Additionally, we showed the Grx2 involvement in the reduction of Trx3 in vivo. Taken together, Fmp40, through control of the reduction of mitochondrial redoxins, regulates the hydrogen peroxide, GSH and NADPH signaling influencing the yeast cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Masanta
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland
| | - Aneta Wiesyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland
| | - Chiranjit Panja
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland
| | - Sylwia Pilch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Ciesla
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland
| | - Marta Sipko
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland
| | - Abhipsita De
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland
| | - Tuguldur Enkhbaatar
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland
| | - Roman Maslanka
- Institute of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Adrianna Skoneczna
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland
| | - Roza Kucharczyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Warsaw, 02-106, Pawinskiego 5A, Poland.
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Nova M, Citterio S, Martegani E, Colombo S. Unraveling the Anti-Aging Properties of Phycocyanin from the Cyanobacterium Spirulina ( Arthrospira platensis). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4215. [PMID: 38673801 PMCID: PMC11050328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, marine natural products have become one of the most important resources of novel lead compounds for critical diseases associated with age. Spirulina, a dietary supplement made from blue-green algae (cyanobacteria: scientific name Arthrospira platensis), is particularly rich in phycocyanin, a phycobiliprotein, which accounts for up to 20% of this cyanobacterium's dry weight and is considered responsible for its anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Although the anti-aging activity of phycocyanin has been investigated, how exactly this compound works against aging remains elusive. The aim of our research is to use the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism to investigate the anti-aging properties of phycocyanin from A. platensis. Our results show that phycocyanin has a powerful anti-aging effect, greatly extending the chronological life span of yeast cells in a dose-dependent way, as the effect was also pronounced when cells were grown in SD medium under calorie restriction conditions (0.2% glucose). Both ROS and accumulation of dead cells were followed by staining chronologically aged cells with dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR123) and propidium iodide (PI). Interestingly, we found that most of the aged phycocyanin-treated cells, which were unable to form colonies, were actually ROS+/PI-. Finally, we show that the moment in which phycocyanin is added to the culture does not substantially influence its effectiveness in counteracting chronological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sonia Colombo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy; (M.N.); (S.C.); (E.M.)
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Solomonova E, Shoman N, Akimov A, Rylkova O, Meger Y. Application of confocal microscopy and flow cytometry to identify physiological responses of Prorocentrum micans to the herbicide glyphosate. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 196:106417. [PMID: 38394976 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The physiological response of the dinoflagellate P. micans to the effect of the herbicide glyphosate at a concentration of 25-200 μg L-1 was evaluated. It has been shown that P. micans is able to grow due to the consumption of dissolved organic phosphorus formed as a result of the mineralization of glyphosate by bacteria. The addition of glyphosate to the medium inhibits the photosynthetic activity of cells; there is a pronounced inhibition of the relative electron transfer rate along the electron transport chain and the maximum quantum efficiency of the use of light energy. Morphological and ultrastructural changes in P. micans cells were evaluated at sublethal (150 μg L-1) and lethal (200 μg L-1) glyphosate concentrations. It has been shown that at a herbicide concentration of 150 μg L-1, the first signs of apoptosis appear in most P. micans cells: a decrease in lateral light scattering, cytoplasmic retraction, partial destruction of cytoplasmic organelles, a change in the morphology of nuclei, mitochondria, a change in the potential of mitochondrial membranes, and a decrease in the autofluorescence of chlorophyll in cells. At a glyphosate concentration of 200 μg L-1, P. micans showed signs of a late stage of apoptosis: violation of the integrity of intracellular organelles and chromatin organization, fragmentation of nuclei, condensation of cytoplasm, disorganization of chloroplasts in the cells, and the release of cell contents beyond the cell membrane. The effectiveness of using flow cytometry and laser scanning confocal microscopy methods for identifying signs and stages of cell apoptosis when exposed to glyphosate is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Solomonova
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Nahimov Avе., Sevastopol, Russian Federation.
| | - Natalia Shoman
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Nahimov Avе., Sevastopol, Russian Federation
| | - Arkady Akimov
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Nahimov Avе., Sevastopol, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Rylkova
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Nahimov Avе., Sevastopol, Russian Federation
| | - Yakov Meger
- Sevastopol State University, 299053, Universitetskaya Street, 33, Sevastopol, Russian Federation
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Lucas DR, Damica FZ, Toledo EB, Cogo AJD, Okorokova-Façanha AL, Gomes VM, de Oliveira Carvalho A. Bioinspired peptides induce different cell death mechanisms against opportunistic yeasts. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:649-672. [PMID: 37076595 PMCID: PMC10115610 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The management of fungal diseases imposes an urgent need for the development of effective antifungal drugs. Among new drug candidates are the antimicrobial peptides, and especially their derivatives. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism of action of three bioinspired peptides against the opportunistic yeasts Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans. We assessed morphological changes, mitochondrial functionality, chromatin condensation, ROS production, activation of metacaspases, and the occurrence of cell death. Our results indicated that the peptides induced sharply contrasting death kinetics, of 6 h for RR and 3 h for D-RR to C. tropicalis and 1 h for WR to C. albicans. Both peptide-treated yeasts exhibited increased ROS levels, mitochondrial hyperpolarization, cell size reduction, and chromatin condensation. RR and WR induced necrosis in C. tropicalis and C. albicans, but not D-RR in C. tropicalis. The antioxidant ascorbic acid reverted the toxic effect of RR and D-RR, but not WR, suggesting that instead of ROS there is a second signal triggered that leads to yeast death. Our data suggest that RR induced a regulated accidental cell death in C. tropicalis, D-RR induced a programmed cell death metacaspase-independent in C. tropicalis, while WR induced an accidental cell death in C. albicans. Our results were obtained with the LD100 and within the time that the peptides induce the yeast death. Within this temporal frame, our results allow us to gain clarity on the events triggered by the peptide-cell interaction and their temporal order, providing a better understanding of the death process induced by them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Ribeiro Lucas
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, nº 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Filipe Zaniratti Damica
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, nº 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Estefany Braz Toledo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, nº 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Antônio Jesus Dorighetto Cogo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, nº 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Anna Lvovna Okorokova-Façanha
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, nº 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Valdirene Moreira Gomes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, nº 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - André de Oliveira Carvalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, nº 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, 28013-602, Brazil.
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5
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Pillaca-Pullo OS, Lopes AM, Estela-Escalante WD. Reusing wastewater from Coffea arabica processing to produce single-cell protein using Candida sorboxylosa: Optimizing of culture conditions. Biotechnol Prog 2024; 40:e3393. [PMID: 37792408 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Coffee is a crop of significant socioeconomic importance, and the reuse of agri-food by-products and biowaste has great potential across several industries. Coffee wastewater (CWW) is a valuable resource containing essential nutrients that can be utilized by Candida sorboxylosa for single-cell protein (SCP) production. This utilization contributes to mitigating the negative impacts of agro-industrial waste. The optimization of culture conditions using the design of experiments (DoE) technique is crucial in understanding the environmental factors influencing metabolite production. In our study, the DoE technique was employed to analyze culture conditions, including room temperature, pH 8.4, agitation at 200 rpm, a headspace of 60% (v/v), and an inoculum of 0.75 DO600nm over 28-h period. This approach resulted in a remarkable SCP yield of 64.4% and dry cell weight (DCW) of 2.26 g/L. It is noteworthy that there is no literature reporting SCP production under alkaline pH conditions in yeast. Interestingly, our work demonstrated that an alkaline pH of 8.4 significantly influenced SCP production by C. sorboxylosa. The DoE technique proved to be an efficient statistical tool for optimizing culture conditions, offering several advantages, such as: (i) conducting cultures at room temperature to minimize unnecessary energy consumption; (ii) reducing the incubation time from 46 to 28 h, thereby enhancing overall productivity; (iii) achieving 1.7-fold increase in SCP yield compared to previous basal production levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Santiago Pillaca-Pullo
- Facultad de Química e Ingeniería Química, Laboratorio de Bioprocesos y Tecnología de Fermentación, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - André Moreni Lopes
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (EEL/USP), Lorena, Brazil
| | - Waldir D Estela-Escalante
- Facultad de Química e Ingeniería Química, Laboratorio de Bioprocesos y Tecnología de Fermentación, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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6
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Yasukawa T, Iwama R, Yamasaki Y, Masuo N, Noda Y. Yeast Rim11 kinase responds to glutathione-induced stress by regulating the transcription of phospholipid biosynthetic genes. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar8. [PMID: 37938929 PMCID: PMC10881166 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-03-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide composed of glycine, cysteine, and glutamic acid, is an abundant thiol found in a wide variety of cells, ranging from bacterial to mammalian cells. Adequate levels of GSH are essential for maintaining iron homeostasis. The ratio of oxidized/reduced GSH is strictly regulated in each organelle to maintain the cellular redox potential. Cellular redox imbalances cause defects in physiological activities, which can lead to various diseases. Although there are many reports regarding the cellular response to GSH depletion, studies on stress response to high levels of GSH are limited. Here, we performed genome-scale screening in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and identified RIM11, BMH1, and WHI2 as multicopy suppressors of the growth defect caused by GSH stress. The deletion strains of each gene were sensitive to GSH. We found that Rim11, a kinase important in the regulation of meiosis, was activated via autophosphorylation upon GSH stress in a glucose-rich medium. Furthermore, RNA-seq revealed that transcription of phospholipid biosynthetic genes was downregulated under GSH stress, and introduction of multiple copies of RIM11 counteracted this effect. These results demonstrate that S. cerevisiae copes with GSH stress via multiple stress-responsive pathways, including a part of the adaptive pathway to glucose limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Yasukawa
- Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, Tokyo Takarazuka Building 14F, 1-1-3 Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0006, Japan
| | - Ryo Iwama
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yuriko Yamasaki
- Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, Tokyo Takarazuka Building 14F, 1-1-3 Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0006, Japan
| | - Naohisa Masuo
- Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, Tokyo Takarazuka Building 14F, 1-1-3 Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0006, Japan
| | - Yoichi Noda
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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7
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Li Q, Feng P, Tang H, Lu F, Mou B, Zhao L, Li N, Yang Y, Fu C, Long W, Xiao X, Li C, Wu W, Wang G, Liu B, Tang T, Ma M, Wang H. Genome-wide identification of resistance genes and cellular analysis of key gene knockout strain under 5-hydroxymethylfurfural stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:382. [PMID: 38049732 PMCID: PMC10694885 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In bioethanol production, the main by-product, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), significantly hinders microbial fermentation. Therefore, it is crucial to explore genes related to HMF tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for enhancing the tolerance of ethanol fermentation strains. A comprehensive analysis was conducted using genome-wide deletion library scanning and SGAtools, resulting in the identification of 294 genes associated with HMF tolerance in S. cerevisiae. Further KEGG and GO enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of genes OCA1 and SIW14 in the protein phosphorylation pathway, underscoring their role in HMF tolerance. Spot test validation and subcellular structure observation demonstrated that, following a 3-h treatment with 60 mM HMF, the SIW14 gene knockout strain exhibited a 12.68% increase in cells with abnormal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and a 22.41% increase in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species compared to the BY4741 strain. These findings indicate that the SIW14 gene contributes to the protection of the ER structure within the cell and facilitates the clearance of reactive oxygen species, thereby confirming its significance as a key gene for HMF tolerance in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, No. 778 Binhe Road, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
- Department of Applied Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Feng
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, No. 778 Binhe Road, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Fujia Lu
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, No. 778 Binhe Road, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Borui Mou
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, No. 778 Binhe Road, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Zhao
- Jiangxi Forestry Science and Technology Promotion and Publicity Education Center, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Nan Li
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, No. 778 Binhe Road, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaojun Yang
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, No. 778 Binhe Road, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chun Fu
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, No. 778 Binhe Road, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Wencong Long
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, No. 778 Binhe Road, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ximeng Xiao
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, No. 778 Binhe Road, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaohao Li
- Leshan Institute of Product Quality Supervision and Testing, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Leshan Institute of Product Quality Supervision and Testing, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, No. 778 Binhe Road, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan Province Higher School of Local Chicken Breeds Industrialization in Southern Sichuan, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Beidong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9C, 413 90, Göteburg, Sweden
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianle Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Transitional Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, No.3 Xueyuan Road, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Menggen Ma
- Department of Applied Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hanyu Wang
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, No. 778 Binhe Road, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China.
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China.
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8
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Odoh CK, Xue H, Zhao ZK. Exogenous glucosylglycerol and proline extend the chronological lifespan of Rhodosporidium toruloides. Int Microbiol 2023; 26:807-819. [PMID: 36786919 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Glucosylglycerol (GG) is an osmolyte found in a few bacteria (e.g., cyanobacteria) and plants grown in harsh environments. GG protects microbes and plants from salinity and desiccation stress. In the industry, GG is synthesized from a combination of ADP-glucose and glycerol-3-phosphate in a condensation reaction catalyzed by glucosylglycerol phosphate synthase. Proline, on the other hand, is an amino acid-based osmolyte that plays a key role in cellular reprograming. It functions as a protectant and a scavenger of reactive oxygen species. Studies on lifespan extension have focused on the use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Rhodosporidium toruloides, also known as Rhodotorula toruloides, is a basidiomycetous oleaginous yeast known to accumulate lipids to more than 70% of its dry cell weight. The oleaginous red yeast (R. toruloides) has not been intensely studied in the lifespan domain. We designed this work to investigate how GG and proline promote the longevity of this red yeast strain. The results obtained in our study confirmed that these molecules increased R. toruloides' viability, survival percentage, and lifespan upon supplementation. GG exerts the most promising effects at a relatively high concentration (100 mM), while proline functions best at a low level (2 mM). Elucidation of the processes underlying these favorable responses revealed that GG promotes the yeast chronological lifespan (CLS) through increased catalase activity, modulation of the culture medium pH, a rise in ATP, and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation (mitohormesis). It is critical to understand the mechanisms of these geroprotector molecules, particularly GG, and the proclivity of its lifespan application; this will aid in offering clarity on its potential application in aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuks Kenneth Odoh
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Rd, Dalian, 116023, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Haizhao Xue
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Rd, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zongbao K Zhao
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Rd, Dalian, 116023, China.
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Rd, Dalian, 116023, China.
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9
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Ivessa AS, Singh S. The increase in cell death rates in caloric restricted cells of the yeast helicase mutant rrm3 is Sir complex dependent. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17832. [PMID: 37857740 PMCID: PMC10587150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR), which is a reduction in calorie intake without malnutrition, usually extends lifespan and improves tissue integrity. This report focuses on the relationship between nuclear genomic instability and dietary-restriction and its effect on cell survival. We demonstrate that the cell survival rates of the genomic instability yeast mutant rrm3 change under metabolic restricted conditions. Rrm3 is a DNA helicase, chromosomal replication slows (and potentially stalls) in its absence with increased rates at over 1400 natural pause sites including sites within ribosomal DNA and tRNA genes. Whereas rrm3 mutant cells have lower cell death rates compared to wild type (WT) in growth medium containing normal glucose levels (i.e., 2%), under CR growth conditions cell death rates increase in the rrm3 mutant to levels, which are higher than WT. The silent-information-regulatory (Sir) protein complex and mitochondrial oxidative stress are required for the increase in cell death rates in the rrm3 mutant when cells are transferred from growth medium containing 2% glucose to CR-medium. The Rad53 checkpoint protein is highly phosphorylated in the rrm3 mutant in response to genomic instability in growth medium containing 2% glucose. Under CR, Rad53 phosphorylation is largely reduced in the rrm3 mutant in a Sir-complex dependent manner. Since CR is an adjuvant treatment during chemotherapy, which may target genomic instability in cancer cells, our studies may gain further insight into how these therapy strategies can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas S Ivessa
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07101-1709, USA.
| | - Sukhwinder Singh
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine/Flow Cytometry and Immunology Core Laboratory, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07101-1709, USA
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10
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Kaushal V, Klim J, Skoneczna A, Kurlandzka A, Enkhbaatar T, Kaczanowski S, Zielenkiewicz U. Apoptotic Factors Are Evolutionarily Conserved Since Mitochondrial Domestication. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad154. [PMID: 37616576 PMCID: PMC10565124 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms initiating apoptotic programmed cell death in diverse eukaryotes are very similar. Basically, the mitochondrial permeability transition activates apoptotic proteases, DNases, and flavoproteins such as apoptosis-inducing factors (AIFs). According to the hypothesis of the endosymbiotic origin of apoptosis, these mechanisms evolved during mitochondrial domestication. Various phylogenetic analyses, including ours, have suggested that apoptotic factors were eubacterial protomitochondrial toxins used for killing protoeukaryotic hosts. Here, we tested whether the function of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae apoptotic proteases (metacaspases Mca1 and Nma111), DNase Nuc1, and flavoprotein Ndi1 can be substituted with orthologs from remotely related eukaryotes such as plants, protists, and eubacteria. We found that orthologs of remotely related eukaryotic and even eubacterial proteins can initiate apoptosis in yeast when triggered by chemical stresses. This observation suggests that apoptotic mechanisms have been maintained since mitochondrial domestication, which occurred approximately 1,800 Mya. Additionally, it supports the hypothesis that some of these apoptotic factors could be modified eubacterial toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Kaushal
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Joanna Klim
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Adrianna Skoneczna
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Kurlandzka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Tuguldur Enkhbaatar
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Szymon Kaczanowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Urszula Zielenkiewicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
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11
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Saha N, Swagatika S, Tomar RS. Investigation of the acetic acid stress response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with mutated H3 residues. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2023; 10:217-232. [PMID: 37746586 PMCID: PMC10513452 DOI: 10.15698/mic2023.10.806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced levels of acetic acid reduce the activity of yeast strains employed for industrial fermentation-based applications. Therefore, unraveling the genetic factors underlying the regulation of the tolerance and sensitivity of yeast towards acetic acid is imperative for optimising various industrial processes. In this communication, we have attempted to decipher the acetic acid stress response of the previously reported acetic acid-sensitive histone mutants. Revalidation using spot-test assays and growth curves revealed that five of these mutants, viz., H3K18Q, H3S28A, H3K42Q, H3Q68A, and H3F104A, are most sensitive towards the tested acetic acid concentrations. These mutants demonstrated enhanced acetic acid stress response as evidenced by the increased expression levels of AIF1, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, chromatin fragmentation, and aggregated actin cytoskeleton. Additionally, the mutants exhibited active cell wall damage response upon acetic acid treatment, as demonstrated by increased Slt2-phosphorylation and expression of cell wall integrity genes. Interestingly, the mutants demonstrated increased sensitivity to cell wall stress-causing agents. Finally, screening of histone H3 N-terminal tail truncation mutants revealed that the tail truncations exhibit general sensitivity to acetic acid stress. Some of these N-terminal tail truncation mutants viz., H3 [del 1-24], H3 [del 1-28], H3 [del 9-24], and H3 [del 25-36] are also sensitive to cell wall stress agents such as Congo red and caffeine suggesting that their enhanced acetic acid sensitivity may be due to cell wall stress induced by acetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu Saha
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Swagatika
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Raghuvir Singh Tomar
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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12
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Yang L, Tian Z, Zhao W, Zhang J, Tian C, Zhou L, Jiao Z, Peng J, Guo G. Novel antimicrobial peptide DvAMP serves as a promising antifungal agent against Cryptococcus neoformans. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106679. [PMID: 37329812 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is an important opportunistic human fungal pathogen that causes cryptococcosis in immunocompromised patients. However, the number of drugs for the treatment of cryptococcosis is restricted, and the development of novel antifungal drugs and innovative strategies for the treatment of cryptococcosis is urgently needed. In this study, we validated that DvAMP is a novel antimicrobial peptide with antimicrobial activity and that it was obtained by pre-screening from the UniProt database of more than three million unknown functional sequences based on the quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) protocol (http://www.chemoinfolab.com/antifungal). The peptide exhibited satisfactory biosafety and physicochemical properties, and relatively rapid fungicidal activity against C. neoformans. Meanwhile, DvAMP was able to inhibit the static biofilm of C. neoformans and cause a reduction in the thickness of the capsule. In addition, DvAMP exerts antifungal effects through membrane-mediated mechanisms (membrane permeability and depolarization) and mitochondrial dysfunction, involving a hybrid multi-hit mechanism. Furthermore, by using the C. neoformans-Galleria mellonella infection model, we demonstrated that DvAMP has significant therapeutic effects in vivo and that it significantly reduces the mortality and fungal burden of infected larvae. These results suggest that DvAMP may be a potential antifungal drug candidate for the treatment of cryptococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbing Yang
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhuqing Tian
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chunren Tian
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Luoxiong Zhou
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhenlong Jiao
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jian Peng
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guo Guo
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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13
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Abbiati F, Garagnani SA, Orlandi I, Vai M. Sir2 and Glycerol Underlie the Pro-Longevity Effect of Quercetin during Yeast Chronological Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12223. [PMID: 37569599 PMCID: PMC10419316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin (QUER) is a natural polyphenolic compound endowed with beneficial properties for human health, with anti-aging effects. However, although this flavonoid is commercially available as a nutraceutical, target molecules/pathways underlying its pro-longevity potential have yet to be fully clarified. Here, we investigated QUER activity in yeast chronological aging, the established model for simulating the aging of postmitotic quiescent mammalian cells. We found that QUER supplementation at the onset of chronological aging, namely at the diauxic shift, significantly increases chronological lifespan (CLS). Consistent with the antioxidant properties of QUER, this extension takes place in concert with a decrease in oxidative stress. In addition, QUER triggers substantial changes in carbon metabolism. Specifically, it promotes an enhancement of a pro-longevity anabolic metabolism toward gluconeogenesis due to improved catabolism of C2 by-products of yeast fermentation and glycerol. The former is attributable to the Sir2-dependent activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and the latter to the L-glycerol 3-phosphate pathway. Such a combined increased supply of gluconeogenesis leads to an increase in the reserve carbohydrate trehalose, ensuring CLS extension. Moreover, QUER supplementation to chronologically aging cells in water alone amplifies their long-lived phenotype. This is associated with intracellular glycerol catabolism and trehalose increase, further indicating a QUER-specific influence on carbon metabolism that results in CLS extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Abbiati
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy; (F.A.); (S.A.G.); (I.O.)
| | - Stefano Angelo Garagnani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy; (F.A.); (S.A.G.); (I.O.)
| | - Ivan Orlandi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy; (F.A.); (S.A.G.); (I.O.)
- SYSBIO Centre for Systems Biology, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Vai
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy; (F.A.); (S.A.G.); (I.O.)
- SYSBIO Centre for Systems Biology, 20126 Milano, Italy
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14
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Mentel M, Illová M, Krajčovičová V, Kroupová G, Mannová Z, Chovančíková P, Polčic P. Yeast Bax Inhibitor (Bxi1p/Ybh3p) Is Not Required for the Action of Bcl-2 Family Proteins on Cell Viability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12011. [PMID: 37569387 PMCID: PMC10419234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Permeabilization of mitochondrial membrane by proteins of the BCL-2 family is a key decisive event in the induction of apoptosis in mammalian cells. Although yeast does not have homologs of the BCL-2 family, when these are expressed in yeast, they modulate the survival of cells in a way that corresponds to their activity in mammalian cells. The yeast gene, alternatively referred to as BXI1 or YBH3, encodes for membrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum that was, contradictorily, shown to either inhibit Bax or to be required for Bax activity. We have tested the effect of the deletion of this gene on the pro-apoptotic activity of Bax and Bak and the anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl-XL and Bcl-2, as well on survival after treatment with inducers of regulated cell death in yeast, hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid. While deletion resulted in increased sensitivity to acetic acid, it did not affect the sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide nor to BCL-2 family members. Thus, our results do not support any model in which the activity of BCL-2 family members is directly affected by BXI1 but rather indicate that it may participate in modulating survival in response to some specific forms of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Polčic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská Dolina CH1, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
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15
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Schulze A, Zimmermann A, Kainz K, Egger NB, Bauer MA, Madeo F, Carmona-Gutierrez D. Assessing chronological aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 181:87-108. [PMID: 38302246 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Chronological age represents the time that passes between birth and a given date. To understand the complex network of factors contributing to chronological lifespan, a variety of model organisms have been implemented. One of the best studied organisms is the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which has greatly contributed toward identifying conserved biological mechanisms that act on longevity. Here, we discuss high- und low-throughput protocols to monitor and characterize chronological lifespan and chronological aging-associated cell death in S. cerevisiae. Included are propidium iodide staining with the possibility to quantitatively assess aging-associated cell death via flow cytometry or qualitative assessments via microscopy, cell viability assessment through plating and cell counting and cell death characterization via propidium iodide/AnnexinV staining and subsequent flow cytometric analysis or microscopy. Importantly, all of these methods combined give a clear picture of the chronological lifespan under different conditions or genetic backgrounds and represent a starting point for pharmacological or genetic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Schulze
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Kainz
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nadine B Egger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maria A Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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16
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Chen J, Wang H, Chen Y, Zhu Q, Wan J. Inhibitive effect and mechanism of cinnamaldehyde on growth and OTA production of Aspergillus niger in vitro and in dried red chilies. Food Res Int 2023; 168:112794. [PMID: 37120239 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Mould and mycotoxin contamination is an ongoing issue in agriculture and food industry. Production by Aspergillus niger DTZ-12 in Guizhou dried red chilies was found, leading to significant economic losses. In this study, the inhibitive efficacy (Effective Concentration, EC) of cinnamaldehyde (CIN), eugenol (EUG), carvacrol (CAR), and linalool (LIN) against A. niger DTZ-12 were evaluated. CIN with the best antifungal capacity was then investigated for the comprehensive inhibitory activity against A. niger DTZ-12 including mycelia, spores, and physiological activities. Results showed that CIN can effectively retard mycelial growth, spore germination, and OTA production of A. niger DTZ-12 in vitro and in dried red chilies during storage. At physiological level, CIN can increase cell membrane permeability by reducing the ergosterol, decrease ATP content and ATPase activity, and promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in cell. These results suggested that CIN displayed a great potential to be employed as a natural and effective alternative preservative during dried red chili storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yuanshan Chen
- Department of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qiujin Zhu
- Department of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jing Wan
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
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17
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Kim S, Kim SH, Kweon E, Kim J. Apoptotic Factors, CaNma111 and CaYbh3, Function in Candida albicans Filamentation by Regulating the Hyphal Suppressors, Nrg1 and Tup1. J Microbiol 2023; 61:403-409. [PMID: 36972003 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The morphological switch from the yeast to hyphal form is a key virulence attribute of the opportunistic fungal pathogen, Candida albicans. Our recent report showed that deletion of the newly identified apoptotic factor, CaNma111 or CaYbh3, leads to hyperfilamentation and increased virulence in a mouse infection model. CaNma111 and CaYbh3 are homologs of the pro-apoptotic protease, HtrA2/Omi, and BH3-only protein, respectively. In this study, we examined the effects of CaNMA111 and CaYBH3 deletion mutations on the expression levels of the hypha-specific transcription factors, Cph1 (a hyphal activator), Nrg1 (a hyphal repressor), and Tup1 (a hyphal repressor). The protein levels of Nrg1 were decreased in Caybh3/Caybh3 cells while those of Tup1 were decreased in both Canma111/Canma111 and Caybh3/Caybh3 cells. These effects on Nrg1 and Tup1 proteins were retained during serum-induced filamentation and appear to explain the hyperfilamentation phenotypes of the CaNMA111 and CaYBH3 deletion mutants. Treatment with the apoptosis-inducing dose of farnesol decreased the Nrg1 protein levels in the wild-type strain and more evidently in Canma111/Canma111 and Caybh3/Caybh3 mutant strains. Together, our results suggest that CaNma111 and CaYbh3 are key regulators of Nrg1 and Tup1 protein levels in C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyoung Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyeon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjoong Kweon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmi Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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18
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do Rosário Esteves Guimarães C, de Freitas HF, Barros TF. Candida albicans antibiofilm molecules: analysis based on inhibition and eradication studies. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:37-52. [PMID: 36576671 PMCID: PMC9944165 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00876-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are communities of microbial cells surrounded by an extracellular polysaccharide matrix, recognized as a fungal source for local and systemic infections and less susceptible to antifungal drugs. Thus, treatment of biofilm-related Candida spp. infections with popular antifungals such as fluconazole is limited and species-dependent and alternatively demands the use of expensive and high toxic drugs. In this sense, molecules with antibiofilm activity have been studied but without care regarding the use of important criteria such as antibiofilm concentration lower than antifungal concentration when considering the process of inhibition of formation and concentrations equal to or lower than 300 µM. Therefore, this review tries to gather the most promising molecules regarding the activity against the C. albicans biofilm described in the last 10 years, considering the activity of inhibition and eradication. From January 2011 to July 2021, articles were searched on Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct, combining the keywords "antibiofilm," "candida albicans," "compound," and "molecule" with AND and OR operators. After 3 phases of selection, 21 articles describing 42 molecules were discussed in the review. Most of them were more promising for the inhibition of biofilm formation, with SM21 (24) being an interesting molecule for presenting inhibitory and eradication activity in biofilms with 24 and 48 h, as well as alizarin (26) and chrysazine (27), with concentrations well below the antifungal concentration. Despite the detection of these molecules and the attempts to determine the mechanisms of action by microscopic analysis and gene expression, no specific target has been determined. Thus, a gap is signaled, requiring further studies such as proteomic analyses to clarify it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina do Rosário Esteves Guimarães
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacy, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Geremoabo Street, 147, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia CEP, 40170115, Brazil
| | - Humberto Fonseca de Freitas
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacy, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Geremoabo Street, 147, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia CEP, 40170115, Brazil
| | - Tânia Fraga Barros
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacy, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Geremoabo Street, 147, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia CEP, 40170115, Brazil.
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19
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Groszmann M, De Rosa A, Chen W, Qiu J, McGaughey SA, Byrt CS, Evans JR. A high-throughput yeast approach to characterize aquaporin permeabilities: Profiling the Arabidopsis PIP aquaporin sub-family. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1078220. [PMID: 36760647 PMCID: PMC9907170 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1078220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Engineering membrane transporters to achieve desired functionality is reliant on availability of experimental data informing structure-function relationships and intelligent design. Plant aquaporin (AQP) isoforms are capable of transporting diverse substrates such as signaling molecules, nutrients, metalloids, and gases, as well as water. AQPs can act as multifunctional channels and their transport function is reliant on many factors, with few studies having assessed transport function of specific isoforms for multiple substrates. METHODS High-throughput yeast assays were developed to screen for transport function of plant AQPs, providing a platform for fast data generation and cataloguing of substrate transport profiles. We applied our high-throughput growth-based yeast assays to screen all 13 Arabidopsis PIPs (AtPIPs) for transport of water and several neutral solutes: hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), boric acid (BA), and urea. Sodium (Na+) transport was assessed using elemental analysis techniques. RESULTS All AtPIPs facilitated water and H2O2 transport, although their growth phenotypes varied, and none were candidates for urea transport. For BA and Na+ transport, AtPIP2;2 and AtPIP2;7 were the top candidates, with yeast expressing these isoforms having the most pronounced toxicity response to BA exposure and accumulating the highest amounts of Na+. Linking putative AtPIP isoform substrate transport profiles with phylogenetics and gene expression data, enabled us to align possible substrate preferences with known and hypothesized biological roles of AtPIPs. DISCUSSION This testing framework enables efficient cataloguing of putative transport functionality of diverse AQPs at a scale that can help accelerate our understanding of AQP biology through big data approaches (e.g. association studies). The principles of the individual assays could be further adapted to test additional substrates. Data generated from this framework could inform future testing of AQP physiological roles, and address knowledge gaps in structure-function relationships to improve engineering efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Groszmann
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Annamaria De Rosa
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Weihua Chen
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jiaen Qiu
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Samantha A. McGaughey
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Caitlin S. Byrt
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - John R. Evans
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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20
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Lam DK, Sherlock G. Yca1 metacaspase: diverse functions determine how yeast live and let die. FEMS Yeast Res 2023; 23:foad022. [PMID: 37002543 PMCID: PMC10094001 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Yca1 metacaspase was discovered due to its role in the regulation of apoptosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, the mechanisms that drive apoptosis in yeast remain poorly understood. Additionally, Yca1 and other metacaspase proteins have recently been recognized for their involvement in other cellular processes, including cellular proteostasis and cell cycle regulation. In this minireview, we outline recent findings on Yca1 that will enable the further study of metacaspase multifunctionality and novel apoptosis pathways in yeast and other nonmetazoans. In addition, we discuss advancements in high-throughput screening technologies that can be applied to answer complex questions surrounding the apoptotic and nonapoptotic functions of metacaspase proteins across a diverse range of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren K Lam
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305-5120, United States
| | - Gavin Sherlock
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305-5120, United States
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Bonomelli B, Busti S, Martegani E, Colombo S. Active Ras2 in mitochondria promotes regulated cell death in a cAMP/PKA pathway-dependent manner in budding yeast. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:298-308. [PMID: 36527174 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we showed that an aberrant accumulation of activated Ras in mitochondria correlates with an increase in apoptosis. In this article, we show that lack of trehalose-6P-synthase, known to trigger apoptosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, induces localization of active Ras proteins in mitochondria, confirming the above-mentioned correlation. Next, by characterizing the ras1Δ and ras2Δ mutants, we show that active Ras2 proteins, which accumulate in the mitochondria following addition of acetic acid (a pro-apoptotic stimulus), are likely the GTPases involved in regulated cell death, while active Ras1 proteins, constitutively localized in mitochondria, might be involved in a pro-survival molecular machinery. Finally, by characterizing the gpa2Δ and cyr1Δ mutants, in which the cAMP/PKA pathway is compromised, we show that active mitochondrial Ras proteins promote apoptosis through the cAMP/PKA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bonomelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Busti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Enzo Martegani
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Colombo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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22
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Choi JE, Heo SH, Chung WH. Yap1-mediated Flr1 expression reveals crosstalk between oxidative stress signaling and caffeine resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1026780. [PMID: 36504777 PMCID: PMC9726721 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1026780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine, a methylxanthine derivative, affects various physiological conditions such as cell growth, proliferation, and energy metabolism. A genome-wide screening for genes required for caffeine resistance in Schizosaccharomyces pombe revealed several candidates, including Pap1 and downstream target genes involved in caffeine efflux. We found that Yap1, a budding yeast AP-1 homolog required for oxidative stress response, has a caffeine tolerance function. Although the Yap1 mutant is not sensitive to caffeine, overexpression of Yap1 renders cells resistant to high concentrations of caffeine. Caffeine sensitivity of mutants lacking two multidrug transporters, Pdr5 or Snq2, is completely recovered by Yap1 overexpression. Among Yap1-dependent target genes, FLR1, a fluconazole-resistant gene, is necessary but not sufficient for caffeine tolerance. Low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide induce Yap1 activation, which restores cell viability against caffeine toxicity. Intriguingly, oxidative stress-mediated cellular adaptation to caffeine toxicity requires Yap1, but not Flr1. Moreover, caffeine is involved in reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as mutation rate and Rad52 foci formation. Altogether, we identified novel reciprocal crosstalk between ROS signaling and caffeine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea,Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seo-Hee Heo
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea,Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo-Hyun Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea,Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Woo-Hyun Chung,
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23
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Lerer V, Shlezinger N. Inseparable companions: Fungal viruses as regulators of fungal fitness and host adaptation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1020608. [PMID: 36310864 PMCID: PMC9606465 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1020608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
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24
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Mussin J, Giusiano G. Biogenic silver nanoparticles as antifungal agents. Front Chem 2022; 10:1023542. [PMID: 36277355 PMCID: PMC9583421 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1023542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, an increase in multidrug-resistant fungal strains has been observed, which, together with the limited number of clinically available antifungal agents, highlights the need for the development of new antifungal agents. Due to the proven antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), there is a growing interest in their use in the treatment of fungal infections. Nanoparticles are usually synthesised through a variety of physical and chemical processes that are costly and pollute the environment. For this reason, biogenic synthesis is emerging as an environmentally friendly technology and new strategies are increasingly based on the use of biogenic AgNPs as antifungal agents for clinical use. The aim of this review is to compare the antifungal activity of different biogenic AgNPs and to summarise the current knowledge on the mechanisms of action and resistance of fungi to AgNPs. Finally, a general analysis of the toxicity of biogenic AgNPs in human and veterinary medicine is performed.
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25
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Pal A, Paripati A, Deolal P, Chatterjee A, Prasad PR, Adla P, Sepuri NBV. Eisosome protein Pil1 regulates mitochondrial morphology, mitophagy, and cell death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102533. [PMID: 36162502 PMCID: PMC9619184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial morphology and dynamics maintain mitochondrial integrity by regulating its size, shape, distribution, and connectivity, thereby modulating various cellular processes. Several studies have established a functional link between mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and cell death, but further investigation is needed to identify specific proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics. Any alteration in the integrity of mitochondria has severe ramifications that include disorders like cancer and neurodegeneration. In this study, we used budding yeast as a model organism and found that Pil1, the major component of the eisosome complex, also localizes to the periphery of mitochondria. Interestingly, the absence of Pil1 causes the branched tubular morphology of mitochondria to be abnormally fused or aggregated, whereas its overexpression leads to mitochondrial fragmentation. Most importantly, pil1Δ cells are defective in mitophagy and bulk autophagy, resulting in elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and protein aggregates. In addition, we show that pil1Δ cells are more prone to cell death. Yeast two-hybrid analysis and co-immunoprecipitations show the interaction of Pil1 with two major proteins in mitochondrial fission, Fis1 and Dnm1. Additionally, our data suggest that the role of Pil1 in maintaining mitochondrial shape is dependent on Fis1 and Dnm1, but it functions independently in mitophagy and cell death pathways. Together, our data suggest that Pil1, an eisosome protein, is a novel regulator of mitochondrial morphology, mitophagy, and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, TS -500046
| | - Arunkumar Paripati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, TS -500046
| | - Pallavi Deolal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, TS -500046
| | - Arpan Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, TS -500046
| | - Pushpa Rani Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, TS -500046
| | - Priyanka Adla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, TS -500046
| | - Naresh Babu V Sepuri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, TS -500046.
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26
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Bairwa NK, Shoket H, Pandita M, Sharma M. A Simple Assay for the Detection of Late-Stage Apoptosis Features in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e525. [PMID: 36069669 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Unicellular eukaryotic organisms such as yeast and protozoa serve as useful models for studying the impact of chemicals on cell physiology, cellular growth, and genome duplication. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been widely used to assess apoptosis induced by chemicals due to its genetic tractability, ease of evaluation, and readily available impact assessment tools. Apoptosis in S. cerevisiae is characterized by many features, including increased cell death, loss of membrane integrity, release of caspases, chromatin condensation, and nuclear fragmentation, which are similar to the ones observed in mammalian cells. Current methods of apoptosis assessment typically require specialized equipment and reagents, which limits wide adoption. Here, we describe a rapid, inexpensive, and easy-to-perform assay in yeast for the analysis of late-stage apoptotic features in cells treated with a chemical. We describe a protocol for assessing loss of cell survival and changes in the nucleus. We demonstrate the approach by using acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide as test chemicals. This assay for the study of late-stage apoptotic features in S. cerevisiae can be performed reliably and rapidly by any laboratory with basic equipment and may be extended for studying apoptosis in similar single-cell organisms after treatment with toxicological agents. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, treatment with acetic acid or hydrogen peroxide, and semi-quantitative growth assay Basic Protocol 2: DAPI staining and fluorescence microscopy for the assessment of change in nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio and nuclear integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra K Bairwa
- Genome Stability Regulation Lab, School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Heena Shoket
- Genome Stability Regulation Lab, School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Monika Pandita
- Genome Stability Regulation Lab, School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Meenu Sharma
- Genome Stability Regulation Lab, School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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27
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Coleman CE, Landin C, Neuer A, Sayegh FM, Marshall PA. Calmodulin kinase 2 genetically interacts with Rch1p to negatively regulate calcium import into Saccharomyces cerevisiae after extracellular calcium pulse. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:519. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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28
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Rego A, Ribeiro A, Côrte-Real M, Chaves SR. Monitoring yeast regulated cell death: trespassing the point of no return to loss of plasma membrane integrity. Apoptosis 2022; 27:778-786. [PMID: 35796799 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01748-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide are the most common stimuli to induce apoptosis in yeast. The initial phase of this cell death process is characterized by the maintenance of plasma membrane integrity in cells that had already lost their viability. As loss of plasma membrane integrity is typically assessed by staining with propidium iodide (PI) after exposure of cells to a stimulus and cell viability is determined 48 h after plating, the percentage of cells with compromised plasma membrane integrity and c.f.u. counts often do not correlate. Herein, we developed a simple method to explore at what point after an apoptotic stimulus and plating cells do non-viable cells die as result of plasma membrane disruption, i.e., when cells surpass the point-of-no-return and undergo a secondary necrosis. The method consisted in washing cells and re-suspending them in stimulus-free medium after acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide treatments, to mimic transfer to plating, and then assessing plasma membrane integrity through PI staining. We show that, after the stimuli are removed, cells that had lost proliferative capacity but still maintained plasma membrane integrity continue the cell death process and later lose plasma membrane integrity when progressing to secondary necrosis. After exposure to hydrogen peroxide, cells undergo secondary necrosis preceded by Nhp6Ap-GFP cytosolic localization, in contrast to acetic acid exposure, where Nhp6Ap-GFP cytosolic localization mainly occurs simultaneously with an earlier emergence of secondary necrosis. In conclusion, the developed method allows monitoring the irreversible loss of plasma membrane integrity of dying apoptotic cells after the point-of-no-return is trespassed, and better characterize the process of secondary necrosis after apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Rego
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - António Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuela Côrte-Real
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Susana Rodrigues Chaves
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
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29
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Hemagirri M, Sasidharan S. In vitro antiaging activity of polyphenol rich Polyalthia longifolia (Annonaceae) leaf extract in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY611 yeast cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 290:115110. [PMID: 35181488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polyalthia longifolia var. angustifolia Thw. (Annonaceae) is commonly used in traditional medicine as a tonic for rejuvenation and exhibiting good antioxidant activities. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate P. longifolia methanolic leaf extract (PLME) antiaging activity at 1 mg/mL in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY611 yeast. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antiaging effect of PLME was studied via replicative lifespan assay, antioxidative stress assays, reactive oxygen species (ROS) determination, reduced glutathione (GSH) determination, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) genes regulation studies and SOD and SIRT1 proteins activities. RESULTS The PLME treatment increased the growth and prolonged the lifespan of the yeast significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the untreated yeast group. Besides, the PLME also protected the yeast from oxidative stress induced by 4-mM-H2O2 via decreasing (p < 0.05) the ROS from 143.207 to 127.223. The antioxidative action of PLME was proved by spot assay. Phloxine B staining was further confirmed the PLME antioxidative action of PLME, where more whitish-pink live yeast cells were observed. In addition, the PLME also enhanced GSH content significantly (p < 0.05) in yeast treated with PLME from 16.81 to 25.31 μmol. Furthermore, PLME increased the SOD and SIRT1 genes expression significantly (p < 0.05) with ΔCt values of 1.11 and 1.15, respectively. The significantly (p < 0.05) elevated SOD and SIRT1 protein activities were recorded as 51.54 U/mg Prot and 1716 ng/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS PLME exhibited good antiaging activities in S. cerevisiae, by modulating oxidative stress, enhancing GSH content, and increasing SOD and SIRT1 genes expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisekaran Hemagirri
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau, Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau, Pinang, Malaysia.
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30
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Ring J, Tadic J, Ristic S, Poglitsch M, Bergmann M, Radic N, Mossmann D, Liang Y, Maglione M, Jerkovic A, Hajiraissi R, Hanke M, Küttner V, Wolinski H, Zimmermann A, Domuz Trifunović L, Mikolasch L, Moretti DN, Broeskamp F, Westermayer J, Abraham C, Schauer S, Dammbrueck C, Hofer SJ, Abdellatif M, Grundmeier G, Kroemer G, Braun RJ, Hansen N, Sommer C, Ninkovic M, Seba S, Rockenfeller P, Vögtle F, Dengjel J, Meisinger C, Keller A, Sigrist SJ, Eisenberg T, Madeo F. The HSP40 chaperone Ydj1 drives amyloid beta 42 toxicity. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e13952. [PMID: 35373908 PMCID: PMC9081910 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202113952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid beta 42 (Abeta42) is the principal trigger of neurodegeneration during Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the etiology of its noxious cellular effects remains elusive. In a combinatory genetic and proteomic approach using a yeast model to study aspects of intracellular Abeta42 toxicity, we here identify the HSP40 family member Ydj1, the yeast orthologue of human DnaJA1, as a crucial factor in Abeta42-mediated cell death. We demonstrate that Ydj1/DnaJA1 physically interacts with Abeta42 (in yeast and mouse), stabilizes Abeta42 oligomers, and mediates their translocation to mitochondria. Consequently, deletion of YDJ1 strongly reduces co-purification of Abeta42 with mitochondria and prevents Abeta42-induced mitochondria-dependent cell death. Consistently, purified DnaJ chaperone delays Abeta42 fibrillization in vitro, and heterologous expression of human DnaJA1 induces formation of Abeta42 oligomers and their deleterious translocation to mitochondria in vivo. Finally, downregulation of the Ydj1 fly homologue, Droj2, improves stress resistance, mitochondrial morphology, and memory performance in a Drosophila melanogaster AD model. These data reveal an unexpected and detrimental role for specific HSP40s in promoting hallmarks of Abeta42 toxicity.
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Roles of the pro-apoptotic factors CaNma111 and CaYbh3 in apoptosis and virulence of Candida albicans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7574. [PMID: 35534671 PMCID: PMC9085738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans, a commensal and opportunistic pathogen, undergoes apoptosis in response to various stimuli, including hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid, and antifungal agents. Apoptotic processes are highly conserved among mammals, plants, and fungi, but little is known about the apoptosis-regulating factors in C. albicans. In this study, C. albicans homologs of the putative apoptosis factors were identified by database screening followed by overexpression analysis. CaNma111, a homolog of the pro-apoptotic mammalian HtrA2/Omi, and CaYbh3, a homolog of BH3-only protein, yielded increased apoptotic phenotypes upon overexpression. We showed that CaNma111 and CaYbh3 functions as pro-apoptotic regulators by examining intracellular ROS accumulation, DNA end breaks (TUNEL assay), and cell survival in Canma111/Canma111 and Caybh3/Caybh3 deletion strains. We found that the protein level of CaBir1, an inhibitor-of-apoptosis (IAP) protein, was down-regulated by CaNma111. Interestingly, the Canma111/Canma111 and Caybh3/Caybh3 deletion strains showed hyperfilamentation phenotypes and increased virulence in a mouse infection model. Together, our results suggest that CaNma111 and CaYbh3 play key regulatory roles in the apoptosis and virulence of C. albicans.
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32
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Liu X, Guo C, Zhuang K, Chen W, Zhang M, Dai Y, Tan L, Ran Y. A recyclable and light-triggered nanofibrous membrane against the emerging fungal pathogen Candida auris. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010534. [PMID: 35613180 PMCID: PMC9173615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging "super fungus" Candida auris has become an important threat to human health due to its pandrug resistance and high lethality. Therefore, the development of novel antimicrobial strategy is essential. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has excellent performance in clinical applications. However, the relevant study on antifungal activity and the mechanism involved against C. auris remains scarce. Herein, a recyclable and biodegradable polylactic acid-hypocrellin A (PLA-HA) nanofibrous membrane is newly developed. In vitro PLA-HA-aPDT could significantly reduce the survival rate of C. auris plankton and its biofilms, and the fungicidal effect of the membrane is still significant after four repeated uses. Simultaneously, PLA-HA exhibits good biocompatibility and low hemolysis. In vivo experiments show that PLA-HA-aPDT can promote C. auris-infected wound healing, reduce inflammatory response, and without obvious toxic side-effects. Further results reveal that PLA-HA-aPDT could increase endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, release of cytochrome C, activation of metacaspase, and nuclear fragmentation, thereby triggering apoptosis of C. auris. Compared with HA, PLA-HA shows stronger controllability and reusability, which can greatly improve the utilization efficiency of HA alone. Taken together, the efficacy, safety and antifungal activity make PLA-HA-aPDT a highly promising antifungal candidate for skin or mucous membrane C. auris infection. It is urgent to develop new antifungal strategies to address the problem of Candida auris infection and drug resistance. Previous studies have revealed that antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) based on natural products, such as hypocrellin A (HA), is a promising method in clinical applications. However, equivalent studies of aPDT on antifungal activity and its mechanism against C. auris remain scarce. Herein, we successfully prepared a recyclable, biodegradable, and light-driven antifungal PLA-HA nanofibrous membrane through the electrospinning technique. C. auris infection has been treated by aPDT in vitro and in vivo for the first time, especially HA-mediated aPDT. In vitro and in vivo experiments have provided sufficient lines of evidence that PLA-HA is a promising antifungal material for superficial C. auris infections due to its antifungal effect and excellent biocompatibility. Notably, there still remains a very high antifungal activity after utilizing PLA-HA four times. In addition, this study clarifies that the anti-C. auris mechanism of PLA-HA, namely, PLA-HA-mediated aPDT, is attributed to the formation of intracellular ROS, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and a decline in the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, releasing cytochrome C from mitochondria to the cytoplasm, promoting the activation of metacaspase, and inducing nuclear condensation and fragmentation of C. auris, thus triggering yeast cell apoptosis. This study lays a foundation for developing new antimicrobial nanofibrous dressings mediated by aPDT and provides an alternative strategy for the treatment of local fungal infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Liu
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Academician Workstation of Wanqing Liao, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Guo
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaiwen Zhuang
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Academician Workstation of Wanqing Liao, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas United States of America
| | - Muqiu Zhang
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Academician Workstation of Wanqing Liao, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yalin Dai
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Tan
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: (LT); (YR)
| | - Yuping Ran
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Academician Workstation of Wanqing Liao, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: (LT); (YR)
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Wang T, Yang Y, Liu M, Liu H, Liu H, Xia Y, Xun L. Elemental Sulfur Inhibits Yeast Growth via Producing Toxic Sulfide and Causing Disulfide Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030576. [PMID: 35326226 PMCID: PMC8945482 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Elemental sulfur is a common fungicide, but its inhibition mechanism is unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of elemental sulfur on the single-celled fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae and showed that the inhibition was due to its function as a strong oxidant. It rapidly entered S. cerevisiae. Inside the cytoplasm, it reacted with glutathione to generate glutathione persulfide that then reacted with another glutathione to produce H2S and glutathione disulfide. H2S reversibly inhibited the oxygen consumption by the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and the accumulation of glutathione disulfide caused disulfide stress and increased reactive oxygen species in S. cerevisiae. Elemental sulfur inhibited the growth of S. cerevisiae; however, it did not kill the yeast for up to 2 h exposure. The combined action of elemental sulfur and hosts’ immune responses may lead to the demise of fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (T.W.); (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (H.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Yuqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (T.W.); (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (H.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Menghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (T.W.); (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (H.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Honglei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (T.W.); (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (H.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Huaiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (T.W.); (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (H.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (T.W.); (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (H.L.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (L.X.); Tel.: +86-532-58631572 (Y.X.); +1-509-335-2787 (L.X.)
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (T.W.); (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (H.L.); (H.L.)
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 991647520, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (L.X.); Tel.: +86-532-58631572 (Y.X.); +1-509-335-2787 (L.X.)
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Galvin J, Curran E, Arteaga F, Goossens A, Aubuchon-Endsley N, McMurray MA, Moore J, Hansen KC, Chial HJ, Potter H, Brodsky JL, Coughlan CM. Proteasome activity modulates amyloid toxicity. FEMS Yeast Res 2022; 22:foac004. [PMID: 35150241 PMCID: PMC8906389 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is responsible for 60%-80% of identified cases of dementia. While the generation and accumulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) fragments is accepted as a key step in AD pathogenesis, the precise role of these fragments remains poorly understood. To overcome this deficit, we induced the expression of the soluble C-terminal fragment of APP (C99), the rate-limiting peptide for the generation of amyloid fragments, in yeast that contain thermosensitive mutations in genes encoding proteasome subunits. Our previous work with this system demonstrated that these proteasome-deficient yeast cells, expressing C99 when proteasome activity was blunted, generated amyloid fragments similar to those observed in AD patients. We now report the phenotypic repercussions of inducing C99 expression in proteasome-deficient cells. We show increased levels of protein aggregates, cellular stress and chaperone expression, electron-dense accumulations in the nuclear envelope/ER, abnormal DNA condensation, and an induction of apoptosis. Taken together, these findings suggest that the generation of C99 and its associated fragments in yeast cells with compromised proteasomal activity results in phenotypes that may be relevant to the neuropathological processes observed in AD patients. These data also suggest that this yeast model should be useful for testing therapeutics that target AD-associated amyloid, since it allows for the assessment of the reversal of the perturbed cellular physiology observed when degradation pathways are dysfunctional.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Galvin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver , Denver CO 80208, United States
| | - Elizabeth Curran
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver , Denver CO 80208, United States
| | - Francisco Arteaga
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver , Denver CO 80208, United States
| | - Alicia Goossens
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver , Denver CO 80208, United States
| | - Nicki Aubuchon-Endsley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver , Denver CO 80208, United States
| | - Michael A McMurray
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Jeffrey Moore
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Heidi J Chial
- University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center (CUACC), Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 80045, United States
| | - Huntington Potter
- University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center (CUACC), Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 80045, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Christina M Coughlan
- University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center (CUACC), Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 80045, United States
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Whole and Purified Aqueous Extracts of Nigella sativa L. Seeds Attenuate Apoptosis and the Overproduction of Reactive Oxygen Species Triggered by p53 Over-Expression in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050869. [PMID: 35269491 PMCID: PMC8909299 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are an important source of pharmacologically active compounds. In the present work, we characterize the impact of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) aqueous extracts on a yeast model of p53-dependent apoptosis. To this end, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae recombinant strain over-expressing p53 was used. The over-expression of p53 triggers the expression of apoptotic markers: the externalization of phosphatidylserine, mitochondrial defect associated with cytochrome-c release and the induction of DNA strand breaks. These different effects were attenuated by Nigella sativa L. aqueous extracts, whereas these extracts have no effect on the level of p53 expression. Thus, we focus on the anti-apoptotic molecules present in the aqueous extract of Nigella sativa L. These extracts were purified and characterized by complementary chromatographic methods. Specific fluorescent probes were used to determine the effect of the extracts on yeast apoptosis. Yeast cells over-expressing p53 decrease in relative size and have lower mitochondrial content. The decrease in cell size was proportional to the decrease in mitochondrial content and of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). These effects were prevented by the purified aqueous fraction obtained by fractionation with different columns, named C4 fraction. Yeast cell death was also characterized by reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. In the presence of the C4 fraction, ROS overproduction was strongly reduced. We also noted that the C4 fraction promotes the cell growth of control yeast cells, which do not express p53, supporting the fact that this purified extract acts on cellular mediators activating cell proliferation independently of p53. Altogether, our data obtained on yeast cells over-expressing p53 demonstrate that anti-apoptotic molecules targeting p53-induced apoptosis associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS overproduction are present in the aqueous extracts of Nigella seeds and in the purified aqueous C4 fraction.
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Wheat TaTIP4;1 Confers Enhanced Tolerance to Drought, Salt and Osmotic Stress in Arabidopsis and Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042085. [PMID: 35216200 PMCID: PMC8877497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tonoplast aquaporins (intrinsic proteins, TIPs) have been indicated to play important roles in plant tolerance to water deficit and salinity. However, the functions of wheat TIPs in response to the stresses are largely unknown. In this study, we observed that transgenic plants overexpressing wheat TaTIP4;1 in Arabidopsis and rice displayed clearly enhanced seed germination and seedling growth under drought, salt and osmotic stress. Compared with wild type plants, Arabidopsis and rice overexpression lines had heightened water contents, reduced leaf water loss, lowered levels of Na+, Na+/K+, H2O2 and malondialdehyde, and improved activities of catalase and/or superoxide dismutase, and increased accumulation of proline under drought, salinity and/or osmotic stresses. Moreover, the expression levels of multiple drought responsive genes clearly elevated upon water dehydration, and the transcription of some salt responsive genes was markedly induced by NaCl treatment in the overexpression lines. Also, the yeast cells containing TaTIP4;1 showed increased tolerance to NaCl and mannitol, and mutation in one of three serines of TaTIP4;1 caused decreased tolerance to the two stresses. These results suggest that TaTIP4;1 serves as an essential positive regulator of seed germination and seedling growth under drought, salt and/or osmotic stress through impacting water relations, ROS balance, the accumulation of Na+ and proline, and stimulating the expression of dozens of stress responsive genes in Arabidopsis and rice. Phosphorylation may modulate the activity of TaTIP4;1.
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Distinct metabolic flow in response to temperature in thermotolerant Kluyveromyces marxianus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0200621. [PMID: 35080905 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02006-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic mechanism of the thermotolerance of Kluyveromyces marxianus was investigated by comparison of its physiological and metabolic properties at high and low temperatures. After glucose consumption, the conversion of ethanol to acetic acid became gradually prominent only at high temperature (45°C) and eventually caused a decline in viability, which was prevented by exogenous glutathione. Distinct levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione, and NADPH suggest greater accumulation of ROS and enhanced ROS-scavenging activity at a high temperature. Fusion and fission forms of mitochondria were dominantly observed at 30°C and 45°C, respectively. Consistent results were obtained by temperature up-shift experiments including transcriptomic and enzymatic analyses, suggesting a change of metabolic flow from glycolysis to the pentose phosphate pathway. Results of this study suggest that K. marxianus survives at a high temperature by scavenging ROS via metabolic change for a period until a critical concentration of acetate is reached. IMPORTANCE Kluyveromyces marxianus, a thermotolerant yeast, can grow well at temperatures over 45°C, unlike Kluyveromyces lactis, which belongs to the same genus, or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is a closely related yeast. K. marxianus may thus bear an intrinsic mechanism to survive at high temperatures. This study revealed the thermotolerant mechanism of the yeast, including ROS scavenging with NADPH, which is generated by changes in metabolic flow.
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From Naturally-Sourced Protease Inhibitors to New Treatments for Fungal Infections. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7121016. [PMID: 34946998 PMCID: PMC8704869 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases are involved in a broad range of physiological processes, including host invasion by fungal pathogens, and enzymatic inhibition is a key molecular mechanism controlling proteolytic activity. Importantly, inhibitors from natural or synthetic sources have demonstrated applications in biochemistry, biotechnology, and biomedicine. However, the need to discover new reservoirs of these inhibitory molecules with improved efficacy and target range has been underscored by recent protease characterization related to infection and antimicrobial resistance. In this regard, naturally-sourced inhibitors show promise for application in diverse biological systems due to high stability at physiological conditions and low cytotoxicity. Moreover, natural sources (e.g., plants, invertebrates, and microbes) provide a large reservoir of undiscovered and/or uncharacterized bioactive molecules involved in host defense against predators and pathogens. In this Review, we highlight discoveries of protease inhibitors from environmental sources, propose new opportunities for assessment of antifungal activity, and discuss novel applications to combat biomedically-relevant fungal diseases with in vivo and clinical purpose.
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Deniz ÖG, Kaplan S. The effects of different herbals on the rat hippocampus exposed to electromagnetic field for one hour during the prenatal period. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 119:102043. [PMID: 34808256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to highlight the possible effects on the hippocampus of the electromagnetic field (EMF) emitted by mobile phones, and to investigate whether these potential effects can be reduced using various antioxidant substances. Twenty-seven female Wistar albino rats were divided into nine equal groups, each containing three pregnant rats aged 8-10 weeks and weighing 200-250 gr. The EMF groups were exposed to 900 Megahertz (MHz) EMF for 1 h (hr) a day for 21 days. No EMF exposure was applied to the Cont and also the groups given only Garcinia kola (GK), Momordica charantia (MC), and thymoquinone (TQ). The Sham group was kept in the polycarbonate EMF exposure system, but was not exposed to EMF. Four weeks after birth, rat pups were subjected to behavioural tests. Brain tissue samples were evaluated using histological, stereological, functional, and immunohistochemical methods. The numbers of pyramidal neurons in the rat cornu ammonis (CA) were determined using the optical fractionator method. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities in the blood samples were also evaluated. The analysis data indicated that total pyramidal neuron numbers were decreased significantly in the CA of the EMF (1 hr) group (p < 0.01). Our results also showed that the protective effect of MC was more potent than that of the other antioxidant substances (p < 0.01). A 900 MHz EMF can cause deleterious changes in the brain. It can also be suggested that GK, MC and TQ are capable of reducing these adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömür Gülsüm Deniz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu Turkey.
| | - Süleyman Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun Turkey
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Extending the Proteomic Characterization of Candida albicans Exposed to Stress and Apoptotic Inducers through Data-Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry. mSystems 2021; 6:e0094621. [PMID: 34609160 PMCID: PMC8547427 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00946-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a commensal fungus that causes systemic infections in immunosuppressed patients. In order to deal with the changing environment during commensalism or infection, C. albicans must reprogram its proteome. Characterizing the stress-induced changes in the proteome that C. albicans uses to survive should be very useful in the development of new antifungal drugs. We studied the C. albicans global proteome after exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and acetic acid (AA), using a data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) strategy. More than 2,000 C. albicans proteins were quantified using an ion library previously constructed using data-dependent acquisition mass spectrometry (DDA-MS). C. albicans responded to treatment with H2O2 with an increase in the abundance of many proteins involved in the oxidative stress response, protein folding, and proteasome-dependent catabolism, which led to increased proteasome activity. The data revealed a previously unknown key role for Prn1, a protein similar to pirins, in the oxidative stress response. Treatment with AA resulted in a general decrease in the abundance of proteins involved in amino acid biosynthesis, protein folding, and rRNA processing. Almost all proteasome proteins declined, as did proteasome activity. Apoptosis was observed after treatment with H2O2 but not AA. A targeted proteomic study of 32 proteins related to apoptosis in yeast supported the results obtained by DIA-MS and allowed the creation of an efficient method to quantify relevant proteins after treatment with stressors (H2O2, AA, and amphotericin B). This approach also uncovered a main role for Oye32, an oxidoreductase, suggesting this protein as a possible apoptotic marker common to many stressors. IMPORTANCE Fungal infections are a worldwide health problem, especially in immunocompromised patients and patients with chronic disorders. Invasive candidiasis, caused mainly by C. albicans, is among the most common fungal diseases. Despite the existence of treatments to combat candidiasis, the spectrum of drugs available is limited. For the discovery of new drug targets, it is essential to know the pathogen response to different stress conditions. Our study provides a global vision of proteomic remodeling in C. albicans after exposure to different agents, such as hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid, and amphotericin B, that can cause apoptotic cell death. These results revealed the significance of many proteins related to oxidative stress response and proteasome activity, among others. Of note, the discovery of Prn1 as a key protein in the defense against oxidative stress as well the increase in the abundance of Oye32 protein when apoptotic process occurred point them out as possible drug targets.
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Grosfeld EV, Bidiuk VA, Mitkevich OV, Ghazy ESMO, Kushnirov VV, Alexandrov AI. A Systematic Survey of Characteristic Features of Yeast Cell Death Triggered by External Factors. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:886. [PMID: 34829175 PMCID: PMC8626022 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death in response to distinct stimuli can manifest different morphological traits. It also depends on various cell death signaling pathways, extensively characterized in higher eukaryotes but less so in microorganisms. The study of cell death in yeast, and specifically Saccharomyces cerevisiae, can potentially be productive for understanding cell death, since numerous killing stimuli have been characterized for this organism. Here, we systematized the literature on external treatments that kill yeast, and which contains at least minimal data on cell death mechanisms. Data from 707 papers from the 7000 obtained using keyword searches were used to create a reference table for filtering types of cell death according to commonly assayed parameters. This table provides a resource for orientation within the literature; however, it also highlights that the common view of similarity between non-necrotic death in yeast and apoptosis in mammals has not provided sufficient progress to create a clear classification of cell death types. Differences in experimental setups also prevent direct comparison between different stimuli. Thus, side-by-side comparisons of various cell death-inducing stimuli under comparable conditions using existing and novel markers that can differentiate between types of cell death seem like a promising direction for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika V. Grosfeld
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per, Dolgoprudny, 141700 Moscow, Russia;
- Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the RAS, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.B.); (O.V.M.); (E.S.M.O.G.); (V.V.K.)
| | - Victoria A. Bidiuk
- Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the RAS, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.B.); (O.V.M.); (E.S.M.O.G.); (V.V.K.)
| | - Olga V. Mitkevich
- Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the RAS, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.B.); (O.V.M.); (E.S.M.O.G.); (V.V.K.)
| | - Eslam S. M. O. Ghazy
- Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the RAS, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.B.); (O.V.M.); (E.S.M.O.G.); (V.V.K.)
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Vitaliy V. Kushnirov
- Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the RAS, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.B.); (O.V.M.); (E.S.M.O.G.); (V.V.K.)
| | - Alexander I. Alexandrov
- Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the RAS, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.B.); (O.V.M.); (E.S.M.O.G.); (V.V.K.)
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Cdk8 Kinase Module: A Mediator of Life and Death Decisions in Times of Stress. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102152. [PMID: 34683473 PMCID: PMC8540245 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cdk8 kinase module (CKM) of the multi-subunit mediator complex plays an essential role in cell fate decisions in response to different environmental cues. In the budding yeast S. cerevisiae, the CKM consists of four conserved subunits (cyclin C and its cognate cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk8, Med13, and Med12) and predominantly negatively regulates a subset of stress responsive genes (SRG’s). Derepression of these SRG’s is accomplished by disassociating the CKM from the mediator, thus allowing RNA polymerase II-directed transcription. In response to cell death stimuli, cyclin C translocates to the mitochondria where it induces mitochondrial hyper-fission and promotes regulated cell death (RCD). The nuclear release of cyclin C requires Med13 destruction by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). In contrast, to protect the cell from RCD following SRG induction induced by nutrient deprivation, cyclin C is rapidly destroyed by the UPS before it reaches the cytoplasm. This enables a survival response by two mechanisms: increased ATP production by retaining reticular mitochondrial morphology and relieving CKM-mediated repression on autophagy genes. Intriguingly, nitrogen starvation also stimulates Med13 destruction but through a different mechanism. Rather than destruction via the UPS, Med13 proteolysis occurs in the vacuole (yeast lysosome) via a newly identified Snx4-assisted autophagy pathway. Taken together, these findings reveal that the CKM regulates cell fate decisions by both transcriptional and non-transcriptional mechanisms, placing it at a convergence point between cell death and cell survival pathways.
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NMR Reveals the Conformational Changes of Cytochrome C upon Interaction with Cardiolipin. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101031. [PMID: 34685404 PMCID: PMC8540660 DOI: 10.3390/life11101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Conformational change of cytochrome c (cyt c) caused by interaction with cardiolipin (CL) is an important step during apoptosis, but the underlying mechanism is controversial. To comprehensively clarify the structural transformations of cyt c upon interaction with CL and avoid the unpredictable alias that might come from protein labeling or mutations, the conformation of purified yeast iso–1 cyt c with natural isotopic abundance in different contents of CL was measured by using NMR spectroscopy, in which the trimethylated group of the protein was used as a natural probe. The data demonstrate that cyt c has two partially unfolded conformations when interacted with CL: one with Fe–His33 coordination and the other with a penta–coordination heme. The Fe–His33 coordination conformation can be converted into a penta–coordination heme conformation in high content of CL. The structure of cyt c becomes partially unfolded with more exposed heme upon interaction with CL, suggesting that cyt c prefers a high peroxidase activity state in the mitochondria, which, in turn, makes CL easy to be oxidized, and causes the release of cyt c into the cytoplasm as a trigger in apoptosis.
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Antifungal mechanism of 1-nonanol against Aspergillus flavus growth revealed by metabolomic analyses. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7871-7888. [PMID: 34550439 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chemical control of fungal spoilage of postharvest cereal grains is an important strategy for the management of grain storage. Here, the potential antifungal activity of 1-nonanol, a main component of cereal volatiles, against Aspergillus flavus was studied. The growth of A. flavus was completely inhibited by 0.11 and 0.20 μL/mL 1-nonanol at vapor and liquid contact phases, respectively. Metabolomic analysis identified 135 metabolites whose expression was significantly different between 1-nonanol-treated and untreated A. flavus. These metabolites were involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid biosynthesis, protein degradation and absorption, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, mineral absorption, and in interactions with ABC transporters. Biochemical validation confirmed the disruptive effect of 1-nonanol on A. flavus growth, as indicated by the leakage of intracellular electrolytes, decreased succinate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial dehydrogenase, and ATPase activity, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. We speculated that 1-nonanol could disrupt cell membrane integrity and mitochondrial function and might induce apoptosis of A. flavus mycelia. Simulated grain storage experiments showed that 1-nonanol vapor, at a concentration of 264 μL/L, completely inhibited A. flavus growth in wheat, corn, and paddy grain with an 18% moisture content. This study provides new insights into the antifungal mechanism of 1-nonanol against A. flavus, indicating that it has a promising potential as a bio-preservative to prevent fungal spoilage of postharvest grains. KEY POINTS: • 1-Nonanol showed higher antifungal activity against A. flavus. • The antifungal mechanisms of 1-nonanol against A. flavus were revealed. • 1-Nonanol could damage cell membrane integrity and mitochondrial function.
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Shi C, Knøchel S. Inhibitory effects of binary combinations of microbial metabolites on the growth of tolerant Penicillium roqueforti and Mucor circinelloides. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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46
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Zhao Y, Su R, Li S, Mao Y. Mechanistic analysis of cadmium toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6346568. [PMID: 34370016 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As a potentially toxic heavy metal, Cadmium (Cd) can cause endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress, and thus lead to cell death. To explore the mechanisms of Cd toxicity, we investigated the UPRE-lacZ expression, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death in the 151 Cd-sensitive mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to Cd stress. We identified 101 genes regulating UPRE-lacZ expression were involved in preventing ROS production and/or cell death from increasing to high levels, while mutants for 72 genes caused both elevated ROS production and cell death, indicating the Cd-induced ROS production and cell death are mediated by UPR. Genes involved in cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway, vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) and vacuolar transport, calcium/calcineurin pathway and PHO pathways were all required for the Cd-induced UPR, intracellular ROS and cell death. To conclude, this study highlights the importance of Cd-induced UPR, intracellular ROS levels and cell death that may play crucial roles in Cd-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunying Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ruifang Su
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shiyun Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yin Mao
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Palermo GCDL, Coutouné N, Bueno JGR, Maciel LF, Dos Santos LV. Exploring metal ion metabolisms to improve xylose fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:2101-2115. [PMID: 34313008 PMCID: PMC8449651 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of high‐performance xylose‐fermenting yeast is essential to achieve feasible conversion of biomass‐derived sugars in lignocellulose‐based biorefineries. However, engineered C5‐strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae still present low xylose consumption rates under anaerobic conditions. Here, we explore alternative metabolisms involved in metal homeostasis, which positively affect C5 fermentation and analyse the non‐obvious regulatory network connection of both metabolisms using time‐course transcriptome analysis. Our results indicated the vacuolar Fe2+/Mn2+ transporter CCC1, and the protein involved in heavy metal ion homeostasis BSD2, as promising new targets for rational metabolic engineering strategies, enhancing xylose consumption in nine and 2.3‐fold compared with control. Notably, intracellular metal concentration levels were affected differently by mutations and the results were compared with positive controls isu1Δ, a Fe‐S cluster scaffold protein, and ssk2Δ, a component of HOG pathway. Temporal expression profiles indicate a metabolic remodelling in response to xylose, demonstrating changes in the main sugar sensing signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Cristina de Lima Palermo
- Brazilian Biorenewable National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-100, Brazil.,Genetics and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia Coutouné
- Brazilian Biorenewable National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-100, Brazil.,Genetics and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Gabriel Ribeiro Bueno
- Brazilian Biorenewable National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-100, Brazil.,Genetics and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Ferreira Maciel
- Brazilian Biorenewable National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Leandro Vieira Dos Santos
- Brazilian Biorenewable National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-100, Brazil.,Genetics and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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The Yeast eIF2 Kinase Gcn2 Facilitates H 2O 2-Mediated Feedback Inhibition of Both Protein Synthesis and Endoplasmic Reticulum Oxidative Folding during Recombinant Protein Production. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0030121. [PMID: 34047633 PMCID: PMC8276805 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00301-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant protein production is a known source of oxidative stress. However, knowledge of which reactive oxygen species are involved or the specific growth phase in which stress occurs remains lacking. Using modern, hypersensitive genetic H2O2-specific probes, microcultivation, and continuous measurements in batch culture, we observed H2O2 accumulation during and following the diauxic shift in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae, correlating with peak α-amylase production. In agreement with previous studies supporting a role of the translation initiation factor kinase Gcn2 in the response to H2O2, we find that Gcn2-dependent phosphorylation of eIF2α increases alongside translational attenuation in strains engineered to produce large amounts of α-amylase. Gcn2 removal significantly improved α-amylase production in two previously optimized high-producing strains but not in the wild type. Gcn2 deficiency furthermore reduced intracellular H2O2 levels and the Hac1 splicing ratio, while expression of antioxidants and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) disulfide isomerase PDI1 increased. These results suggest protein synthesis and ER oxidative folding are coupled and subject to feedback inhibition by H2O2. IMPORTANCE Recombinant protein production is a multibillion dollar industry. Optimizing the productivity of host cells is, therefore, of great interest. In several hosts, oxidants are produced as an unwanted side product of recombinant protein production. The buildup of oxidants can result in intracellular stress responses that could compromise the productivity of the host cell. Here, we document a novel protein synthesis inhibitory mechanism that is activated by the buildup of a specific oxidant (H2O2) in the cytosol of yeast cells upon the production of recombinant proteins. At the center of this inhibitory mechanism lies the protein kinase Gcn2. By removing Gcn2, we observed a doubling of recombinant protein productivity in addition to reduced H2O2 levels in the cytosol. In this study, we want to raise awareness of this inhibitory mechanism in eukaryotic cells to further improve protein production and contribute to the development of novel protein-based therapeutic strategies.
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Jeong JH, Kim SH, Kim J. CaBir1 functions as an inhibitor-of-apoptosis and affects caspase-like activitiy in Candida albicans. Fungal Genet Biol 2021; 154:103600. [PMID: 34197920 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2021.103600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
CaMca1 is the only metacaspase in Candida albicans, which shows structural homology to the mammalian caspases. CaMca1 consists of the caspase domain, the P20 and P10 regions, and the conserved catalytic histidine-cysteine dyad that is required for executing apoptosis in C. albicans. However, little is known about the proteolytic processing of CaMca1 or its activation under apoptosis-inducing conditions. To understand the regulation of this process, we characterized CaBir1 which is the single IAP (inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein) in C. albicans. IAPs are a family of proteins whose members all harbor a BIR (baculovirus IAP repeat) domain and negatively regulate apoptosis by inhibiting caspases. We found that the Cabir1/Cabir1 deletion mutant exhibited increased apoptotic phenotypes, such as ROS accumulation, nuclear segmentation, and cell survival, under apoptosis-inducing conditions. Examination of CaMca1 cleavage patterns in response to various apoptotic stresses revealed that these cleavages were stress-specific and dependent on the catalytic histidine-cysteine residues of CaMca1. The Cabir1/Cabir1 mutation was not associated with altered CaMca1 processing with or without apoptotic stimuli, but the Cabir1/Cabir1 mutant exhibited significantly increased caspase-like activities. These results suggest that CaBir1 acts as an apoptosis inhibitor by regulating caspase-like activity, but not CaMca1 processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hoon Jeong
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyeon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmi Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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50
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Zhang L, Zhou P, Chen YC, Cao Q, Liu XF, Li D. The production of single cell protein from biogas slurry with high ammonia-nitrogen content by screened Nectaromyces rattus. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101334. [PMID: 34298382 PMCID: PMC8322469 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel method was proposed to obtain single cell protein (SCP) in yeast by using biogas slurry as culture medium. The results show that Nectaromyces rattus was the most efficient at producing SCP among the 7 different yeasts studied. Acetic acid was a better pH regulator than hydrochloric acid. After culture with the initial NH4+-N concentration 2,000 mg/L, C/N ratio 6:1, the initial pH 5.50 and rotation speed of 200 rpm, a total cell dry weight of 12.58 g/L with 35.96% protein content was obtained. Nineteen amino acids accounted for 46.85% of cell dry weight, and proline content was as high as 12.0% of the cell dry weight. However, sulfur-containing amino acids, including methionine and cystine, were deficient. Further research should focus on the high cell density culture to increase SCP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - P Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y C Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Q Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X F Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - D Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
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