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Zhang S, Zhong J, Xu L, Wu Y, Xu J, Shi J, Gu Z, Li X, Jin N. Truncated Dyrk1A aggravates neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting ASF-mediated Bcl-x exon 2b inclusion. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14493. [PMID: 37864462 PMCID: PMC11017436 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Aggravated neuronal loss, caused mainly by neuronal apoptosis, is observed in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and animal models of AD. A truncated form of Dual-specific and tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated protein kinase 1A (Dyrk1A) plays a vital role in AD pathogenesis. Downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL is tightly correlated with neuronal loss in AD. However, the molecular regulation of neuronal apoptosis and Bcl-x expression by Dyrk1A in AD remains largely elusive. Here, we aimed to explore the role and molecular mechanism of Dyrk1A in apoptosis. METHODS Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), flow cytometry, and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) were used to check apoptosis. The cells, transfected with Dyrk1A or/and ASF with Bcl-x minigene, were used to assay Bcl-x expression by RT-PCR and Western blots. Co-immunoprecipitation, autoradiography, and immunofluorescence were conducted to check the interaction of ASF and Dyrk1A. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of apoptosis-related genes was performed in mice overexpressing Dyrk1A (TgDyrk1A) and AD model 5xFAD mice. RESULTS Dyrk1A promoted Bcl-xS expression and apoptosis. Splicing factor ASF promoted Bcl-x exon 2b inclusion, leading to increased Bcl-xL expression. Dyrk1A suppressed ASF-mediated Bcl-x exon 2b inclusion via phosphorylation. The C-terminus deletion of Dyrk1A facilitated its binding and kinase activity to ASF. Moreover, Dyrk1a1-483 further suppressed the ASF-mediated Bcl-x exon 2b inclusion and aggravated apoptosis. The truncated Dyrk1A, increased Bcl-xS, and enrichment of apoptosis-related genes was observed in the brain of 5xFAD mice. CONCLUSIONS We speculate that increased Dyrk1A and truncated Dyrk1A may aggravate neuronal apoptosis by decreasing the ratio of Bcl-xL/Bcl-xS via phosphorylating ASF in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiang Zhang
- College of Life SciencesHenan Normal UniversityXinxiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Junjie Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University Huashan HospitalShanghai Medical College‐Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Lian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
- Institute for translational neuroscienceThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Yue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Jianhua Shi
- Institute for translational neuroscienceThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Zhikai Gu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life SciencesHenan Normal UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Nana Jin
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
- Institute for translational neuroscienceThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
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Charrasse S, Racine V, Saint-Omer C, Poquillon T, Lionnard L, Ledru M, Gonindard C, Delaunois S, Kissa K, Frye RE, Pastore M, Reynes C, Frechet M, Chajra H, Aouacheria A. Quantitative imaging and semiotic phenotyping of mitochondrial network morphology in live human cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301372. [PMID: 38547143 PMCID: PMC10977735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of mitochondria in tissue homeostasis, stress responses and human diseases, combined to their ability to transition between various structural and functional states, makes them excellent organelles for monitoring cell health. There is therefore a need for technologies to accurately analyze and quantify changes in mitochondrial organization in a variety of cells and cellular contexts. Here we present an innovative computerized method that enables accurate, multiscale, fast and cost-effective analysis of mitochondrial shape and network architecture from confocal fluorescence images by providing more than thirty features. In order to facilitate interpretation of the quantitative results, we introduced two innovations: the use of Kiviat-graphs (herein named MitoSpider plots) to present highly multidimensional data and visualization of the various mito-cellular configurations in the form of morphospace diagrams (called MitoSigils). We tested our fully automated image analysis tool on rich datasets gathered from live normal human skin cells cultured under basal conditions or exposed to specific stress including UVB irradiation and pesticide exposure. We demonstrated the ability of our proprietary software (named MitoTouch) to sensitively discriminate between control and stressed dermal fibroblasts, and between normal fibroblasts and other cell types (including cancer tissue-derived fibroblasts and primary keratinocytes), showing that our automated analysis captures subtle differences in morphology. Based on this novel algorithm, we report the identification of a protective natural ingredient that mitigates the deleterious impact of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on mitochondrial organization. Hence we conceived a novel wet-plus-dry pipeline combining cell cultures, quantitative imaging and semiotic analysis for exhaustive analysis of mitochondrial morphology in living adherent cells. Our tool has potential for broader applications in other research areas such as cell biology and medicine, high-throughput drug screening as well as predictive and environmental toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Charrasse
- ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Victor Racine
- QuantaCell SAS, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Saint-Omer
- ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Titouan Poquillon
- ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
- QuantaCell SAS, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Loïc Lionnard
- ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Marine Ledru
- ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Karima Kissa
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Richard E. Frye
- Autism Discovery and Treatment Foundation, Phoenix, AZ, United States America
| | - Manuela Pastore
- STATABIO BioCampus, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Christelle Reynes
- STATABIO BioCampus, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Abdel Aouacheria
- ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
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3
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Oliveira RC, Gama J, Casanova J. B-cell lymphoma 2 family members and sarcomas: a promising target in a heterogeneous disease. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:583-599. [PMID: 37720343 PMCID: PMC10501895 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family proteins has been the backbone for hematological malignancies with overall survival improvements. The Bcl-2 family is a major player in apoptosis regulation and, has captured the researcher's interest in the treatment of solid tumors. Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of diseases, comprising several entities, with high morbidity and mortality and with few specific therapies available. The treatment for sarcomas is based on platinum regimens, with variable results and poor outcomes, especially in advanced lesions. The high number of different sarcoma entities makes treatment standardization as well as the performance of clinical trials difficult. The use of Bcl-2 family members modifiers has revealed promising results in in vitro and in vivo models and may be a valid option, especially when used in combination with chemotherapy. In this article, a revision of these results and possibilities for the use of Bcl-2 family members inhibitors in sarcomas was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Caetano Oliveira
- Centro de Anatomia Patológica Germano de Sousa, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre of Investigation on Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Gama
- Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Casanova
- Centre of Investigation on Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Orthopedic Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
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Nguyen TTM, Gadet R, Lanfranchi M, Lahaye RA, Yandiev S, Lohez O, Mikaelian I, Jabbour L, Rimokh R, Courchet J, Saudou F, Popgeorgiev N, Gillet G. Mitochondrial Bcl-xL promotes brain synaptogenesis by controlling non-lethal caspase activation. iScience 2023; 26:106674. [PMID: 37182099 PMCID: PMC10173740 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-lethal caspase activation (NLCA) has been linked to neurodevelopmental processes. However, how neurons control NLCA remains elusive. Here, we focused on Bcl-xL, a Bcl-2 homolog regulating caspase activation through the mitochondria. We generated a mouse model, referred to as ER-xL, in which Bcl-xL is absent in the mitochondria, yet present in the endoplasmic reticulum. Unlike bclx knockout mice that died at E13.5, ER-xL mice survived embryonic development but died post-partum because of altered feeding behavior. Enhanced caspase-3 activity was observed in the brain and the spinal cord white matter, but not the gray matter. No increase in cell death was observed in ER-xL cortical neurons, suggesting that the observed caspase-3 activation was apoptosis-independent. ER-xL neurons displayed increased caspase-3 activity in the neurites, resulting in impaired axon arborescence and synaptogenesis. Together, our findings suggest that mitochondrial Bcl-xL finely tunes caspase-3 through Drp-1-dependent mitochondrial fission, which is critical to neural network design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Thi Minh Nguyen
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Rudy Gadet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Marine Lanfranchi
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR 5261, INSERM U 1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Romane A. Lahaye
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Sozerko Yandiev
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR 5261, INSERM U 1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Lohez
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Ivan Mikaelian
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Lea Jabbour
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Ruth Rimokh
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Julien Courchet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR 5261, INSERM U 1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Saudou
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Nikolay Popgeorgiev
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Germain Gillet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Hospices civils de Lyon, Laboratoire d’anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Bénite, France
- Corresponding author
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Tamada H. Three-dimensional ultrastructure analysis of organelles in injured motor neuron. Anat Sci Int 2023:10.1007/s12565-023-00720-y. [PMID: 37071350 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-023-00720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Morphological analysis of organelles is one of the important clues for understanding the cellular conditions and mechanisms occurring in cells. In particular, nanoscale information within crowded intracellular organelles of tissues provide more direct implications when compared to analyses of cells in culture or isolation. However, there are some difficulties in detecting individual shape using light microscopy, including super-resolution microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), wherein the ultrastructure can be imaged at the membrane level, cannot determine the whole structure, and analyze it quantitatively. Volume EM, such as focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM), can be a powerful tool to explore the details of three-dimensional ultrastructures even within a certain volume, and to measure several parameters from them. In this review, the advantages of FIB/SEM analysis in organelle studies are highlighted along with the introduction of mitochondrial analysis in injured motor neurons. This would aid in understanding the morphological details of mitochondria, especially those distributed in the cell bodies as well as in the axon initial segment (AIS) in mouse tissues. These regions have not been explored thus far due to the difficulties encountered in accessing their images by conditional microscopies. Some mechanisms of nerve regeneration have also been discussed with reference to the obtained findings. Finally, future perspectives on FIB/SEM are introduced. The combination of biochemical and genetic understanding of organelle structures and a nanoscale understanding of their three-dimensional distribution and morphology will help to match achievements in genomics and structural biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Tamada
- Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
- Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicines, University of Fukui, Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-Cho, Yoshida-Gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan.
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6
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Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation Decreases the Motility and Length of Axonal Mitochondria in Cultured Dorsal Root Ganglion Cells of Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:1267-1280. [PMID: 35771293 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01247-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Controlling axonal mitochondria is important for maintaining normal function of the neural network. Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), a model used for mimicking ischemia, eventually induces neuronal cell death similar to axonal degeneration. Axonal mitochondria are disrupted during OGD-induced neural degeneration; however, the mechanism underlying mitochondrial dysfunction has not been completely understood. We focused on the dynamics of mitochondria in axons exposed to OGD; we observed that the number of motile mitochondria significantly reduced in 1 h following OGD exposure. In our observation, the decreased length of stationary mitochondria was affected by the following factors: first, the halt of motile mitochondria; second, the fission of longer stationary mitochondria; and third, a transformation from tubular to spherical shape in OGD-exposed axons. Motile mitochondria reduction preceded stationary mitochondria fragmentation in OGD exposure; these conditions induced the decrease of stationary mitochondria in three different ways. Our results suggest that mitochondrial morphological changes precede the axonal degeneration while ischemia-induced neurodegeneration.
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Porrini V, Pilotto A, Vezzoli M, Lanzillotta A, Gennari MM, Bonacina S, Alberici A, Turrone R, Bellucci A, Antonini A, Padovani A, Pizzi M. NF-κB/c-Rel DNA-binding is reduced in substantia nigra and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Parkinson's disease patients. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 180:106067. [PMID: 36893901 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Parkinson's disease (PD) key neuropathological hallmarks are well known, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of the disease still need to be elucidated to identify innovative disease-modifying drugs and specific biomarkers. NF-κB transcription factors are involved in regulating several processes associated with neurodegeneration, such as neuroinflammation and cell death, that could be related to PD pathology. NF-κB/c-Rel deficient (c-rel-/-) mice develop a progressive PD-like phenotype. The c-rel-/- mice present both prodromal and motor symptoms as well as key neuropathological features, including nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons degeneration, accumulation of pro-apoptotic NF-κB/RelA acetylated at the lysine 310 residue (Ac-RelA(lys310)) and progressive caudo-rostral brain deposition of alpha-synuclein. c-Rel inhibition can exacerbate MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in mice. These findings support the claim that misregulation of c-Rel protein may be implicated in PD pathophysiology. In this study, we aimed at evaluating c-Rel levels and DNA-binding activity in human brains and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of sporadic PD patients. We analyzed c-Rel protein content and activity in frozen substantia nigra (SN) samples from post-mortem brains of 10 PD patients and 9 age-matched controls as well as in PBMCs from 72 PD patients and 40 age-matched controls. c-Rel DNA-binding was significantly lower and inversely correlated with Ac-RelA(lys310) content in post-mortem SN of sporadic PD cases, when compared to healthy controls. c-Rel DNA-binding activity was also reduced in PBMCs of followed-up PD subjects. The decrease of c-Rel activity in PBMCs from PD patients appeared to be independent from dopaminergic medication or disease progression, as it was evident even in early stage, drug-naïve patients. Remarkably, the levels of c-Rel protein were comparable in PD and control subjects, pointing out a putative role for post-translational modifications of the protein in c-Rel dysfunctions. These findings support that PD is characterized by the loss of NF-κB/c-Rel activity that potentially has a role in PD pathophysiology. Future studies will be aimed at addressing whether the reduction of c-Rel DNA-binding could constitute a novel biomarker for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Porrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy.
| | - Andrea Pilotto
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Marika Vezzoli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Annamaria Lanzillotta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Michele M Gennari
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Sonia Bonacina
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Antonella Alberici
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Rosanna Turrone
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Arianna Bellucci
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Angelo Antonini
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Study Centre for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua 35121, Italy; IRCCS S. Camillo, Lido Alberoni, Venice 30126, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Marina Pizzi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
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Maddison DC, Mattedi F, Vagnoni A, Smith GA. Analysis of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Adult Drosophila Axons. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2023; 2023:75-83. [PMID: 36180217 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top107819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal survival depends on the generation of ATP from an ever-changing mitochondrial network. This requires a fine balance between the constant degradation of damaged mitochondria, biogenesis of new mitochondria, movement along microtubules, dynamic processes, and adequate functional capacity to meet firing demands. The distribution of mitochondria needs to be tightly controlled throughout the entire neuron, including its projections. Axons in particular can be enormous structures compared to the size of the cell soma, and how mitochondria are maintained in these compartments is poorly defined. Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons is associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases, with the axon being preferentially vulnerable to destruction. Drosophila offer a unique way to study these organelles in fully differentiated adult neurons in vivo. Here, we briefly review the regulation of neuronal mitochondria in health, aging, and disease and introduce two methodological approaches to study mitochondrial dynamics and transport in axons using the Drosophila wing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Maddison
- UK Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Mattedi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Vagnoni
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, United Kingdom
| | - Gaynor Ann Smith
- UK Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
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Ongnok B, Maneechote C, Chunchai T, Pantiya P, Arunsak B, Nawara W, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Modulation of mitochondrial dynamics rescues cognitive function in rats with 'doxorubicin-induced chemobrain' via mitigation of mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation. FEBS J 2022; 289:6435-6455. [PMID: 35514149 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), an effective, extensively used chemotherapeutic drug, can cause cognitive deterioration in cancer patients. The associated debilitating neurological sequelae are referred to as chemobrain. Our recent work demonstrated that Dox treatment resulted in an imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics, ultimately culminating in cognitive decline in rats. Therefore, in this study, we aim to explore the therapeutic efficacy of a pharmacological intervention, which modulates mitochondrial dynamics using a potent mitochondrial fission inhibitor (Mdivi-1) and mitochondrial fusion promoter (M1) against Dox-induced chemobrain. In the study, male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receive either normal saline solution or six doses of Dox (3 mg·kg-1 ) via intraperitoneal injection. Then, the Dox-treated rats were intraperitoneally given either 1% DMSO as the vehicle, Mdivi-1 (1.2 mg·kg-1 ), M1 (2 mg·kg-1 ), or a combined treatment of Mdivi-1 and M1 for 30 consecutive days. Long-term learning and memory were evaluated using the novel object location task and novel object recognition task. Following euthanasia, the rat brains were dissected to enable further molecular investigation. We demonstrated that long-term treatment with mitochondrial dynamic modulators suppressed mitochondrial fission in the hippocampus following Dox treatment, leading to an improvement in brain homeostasis. Mitochondrial dynamic modulator treatments restored cognitive function in Dox-treated rats by attenuating neuroinflammation, decreasing oxidative stress, preserving synaptic integrity, reducing potential Alzheimer's related lesions, and mitigating both apoptosis and necroptosis following Dox administration. Together, our findings suggested that mitochondrial dynamics modulators protected against Dox-induced cognitive impairment by rebalancing mitochondrial homeostasis and attenuating both oxidative and inflammatory insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ongnok
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Chayodom Maneechote
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Patcharapong Pantiya
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Busarin Arunsak
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Wichwara Nawara
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
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10
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Rosa N, Speelman-Rooms F, Parys JB, Bultynck G. Modulation of Ca 2+ signaling by antiapoptotic Bcl-2 versus Bcl-xL: From molecular mechanisms to relevance for cancer cell survival. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188791. [PMID: 36162541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Bcl-2-protein family are key controllers of apoptotic cell death. The family is divided into antiapoptotic (including Bcl-2 itself, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, etc.) and proapoptotic members (Bax, Bak, Bim, Bim, Puma, Noxa, Bad, etc.). These proteins are well known for their canonical role in the mitochondria, where they control mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and subsequent apoptosis. However, several proteins are recognized as modulators of intracellular Ca2+ signals that originate from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the major intracellular Ca2+-storage organelle. More than 25 years ago, Bcl-2, the founding member of the family, was reported to control apoptosis through Ca2+ signaling. Further work elucidated that Bcl-2 directly targets and inhibits inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), thereby suppressing proapoptotic Ca2+ signaling. In addition to Bcl-2, Bcl-xL was also shown to impact cell survival by sensitizing IP3R function, thereby promoting prosurvival oscillatory Ca2+ release. However, new work challenges this model and demonstrates that Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL can both function as inhibitors of IP3Rs. This suggests that, depending on the cell context, Bcl-xL could support very distinct Ca2+ patterns. This not only raises several questions but also opens new possibilities for the treatment of Bcl-xL-dependent cancers. In this review, we will discuss the similarities and divergences between Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL regarding Ca2+ homeostasis and IP3R modulation from both a molecular and a functional point of view, with particular emphasis on cancer cell death resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rosa
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Femke Speelman-Rooms
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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11
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Gu Q, Duan K, Petralia RS, Wang YX, Li Z. BAX regulates dendritic spine development via mitochondrial fusion. Neurosci Res 2022; 182:25-31. [PMID: 35688289 PMCID: PMC9378631 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BAX is a Bcl-2 family protein acting on apoptosis. It also promotes mitochondrial fusion by interacting with the mitochondrial fusion protein Mitofusin (Mfn1 and Mfn2). Neuronal mitochondria are important for the development and modification of dendritic spines, which are subcellular compartments accommodating excitatory synapses in postsynaptic neurons. The abundance of dendritic mitochondria influences dendritic spine development. Mitochondrial fusion is essential for mitochondrial homeostasis. Here, we show that in the hippocampal neuron of BAX knockout mice, mitochondrial fusion is impaired, leading to decreases in mitochondrial length and total mitochondrial mass in dendrites. Notably, BAX knockout mice also have fewer dendritic spines and less cellular Adenosine 5'triphosphate (ATP) in dendrites. The spine and ATP changes are abolished by restoring mitochondria fusion via overexpressing Mfn1 and Mfn2. These findings indicate that BAX-mediated mitochondrial fusion in neurons is crucial for the development of dendritic spines and the maintenance of cellular ATP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhua Gu
- Section on Synapse Development Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kaizheng Duan
- Section on Synapse Development Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ronald S Petralia
- Advanced Imaging Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ya-Xian Wang
- Advanced Imaging Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zheng Li
- Section on Synapse Development Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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12
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Targeting Mitochondria as a Therapeutic Approach for Parkinson's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 43:1499-1518. [PMID: 35951210 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01265-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is among the most critical challenges that involve modern societies and annually influences millions of patients worldwide. While the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is complicated, the role of mitochondrial is demonstrated. The in vitro and in vivo models and genome-wide association studies in human cases proved that specific genes, including PINK1, Parkin, DJ-1, SNCA, and LRRK2, linked mitochondrial dysfunction with PD. Also, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of PD. Targeting mitochondria as a therapeutic approach to inhibit or slow down PD formation and progression seems to be an exciting issue. The current review summarized known mutations associated with both mitochondrial dysfunction and PD. The significance of mtDNA in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis and potential PD therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondrial dysfunction was then discussed.
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13
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Liu Y, Wang Z, Cao C, Xu Z, Lu J, Shen H, Li X, Li H, Wu J, Chen G. Aquaporin 4 Depolarization-Enhanced Transferrin Infiltration Leads to Neuronal Ferroptosis after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8808677. [PMID: 35761873 PMCID: PMC9233479 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8808677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The infiltration of blood components into the brain parenchyma through the lymphoid system is an important cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage injury. AQP4, a water channel protein located at the astrocyte foot, has been reported to regulate blood-brain barrier integrity, and its polarization is disrupted after SAH. Neuronal ferroptosis is involved in subarachnoid hemorrhage- (SAH-) induced brain injury, but the inducing factors are not completely clear. Transferrin is one of the inducing factors of ferroptosis. This study is aimed at researching the role and mechanism of AQP4 in brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice. An experimental mouse SAH model was established by endovascular perforation. An AAV vector encoding AQP4 with a GFAP-specific promoter was administered to mice to achieve specific overexpression of AQP4 in astrocytes. PI staining, Fer-1 intervention, and transmission electron microscopy were used to detect neuronal ferroptosis, and dextran (40 kD) leakage was used to detect BBB integrity. Western blot analysis of perfused brain tissue protein samples was used to detect transferrin infiltration. First, neuronal ferroptosis 24 h after SAH was observed by PI staining and Fer-1 intervention. Second, a significant increase in transferrin infiltration was found in the brain parenchyma 24 h after SAH modeling, while transferrin content was positively correlated with neuronal ferroptosis. Then, we observed that AQP4 overexpression effectively improved AQP depolarization and BBB injury induced by SAH and significantly reduced transferrin infiltration and neuronal ferroptosis after SAH. Finally, we found that AQP4 overexpression could effectively improve the neurobehavioral ability of SAH mice, and the neurobehavioral ability was negatively correlated with transferrin brain content. Taken together, these data indicate that overexpression of AQP4 in the mouse brain can effectively improve post-SAH neuronal ferroptosis and brain injury, at least partly by inhibiting transferrin infiltration into the brain parenchyma in the glymphatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215006, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, China
| | - Zongqi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215006, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, China
| | - Chang Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215006, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, China
| | - Zhongmou Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215006, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, China
| | - Jinxin Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215006, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215006, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215006, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215006, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215006, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215006, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, China
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14
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Reiss AB, Ahmed S, Dayaramani C, Glass AD, Gomolin IH, Pinkhasov A, Stecker MM, Wisniewski T, De Leon J. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: A potential pathway to treatment. Exp Gerontol 2022; 164:111828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Park HA, Crowe-White KM, Ciesla L, Scott M, Bannerman S, Davis AU, Adhikari B, Burnett G, Broman K, Ferdous KA, Lackey KH, Licznerski P, Jonas EA. Alpha-Tocotrienol Enhances Arborization of Primary Hippocampal Neurons via Upregulation of Bcl-xL. Nutr Res 2022; 101:31-42. [PMID: 35366596 PMCID: PMC9081260 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-tocotrienol (α-TCT) is a member of the vitamin E family. It has been reported to protect the brain against various pathologies including cerebral ischemia and neurodegeneration. However, it is still unclear if α-TCT exhibits beneficial effects during brain development. We hypothesized that treatment with α-TCT improves intracellular redox homeostasis supporting normal development of neurons. We found that primary hippocampal neurons isolated from rat feti grown in α-TCT-containing media achieved greater levels of neurite complexity compared to ethanol-treated control neurons. Neurons were treated with 1 μM α-TCT for 3 weeks, and media were replaced with fresh α-TCT every week. Treatment with α-TCT increased α-TCT levels (26 pmol/mg protein) in the cells, whereas the control neurons did not contain α-TCT. α-TCT-treated neurons produced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) at a higher rate and increased ATP retention at neurites, supporting formation of neurite branches. Although treatment with α-TCT alone did not change neuronal viability, neurons grown in α-TCT were more resistant to death at maturity. We further found that messenger RNA and protein levels of B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) are increased by α-TCT treatment without inducing posttranslational cleavage of Bcl-xL. Bcl-xL is known to enhance mitochondrial energy production, which improves neuronal function including neurite outgrowth and neurotransmission. Therefore α-TCT-mediated Bcl-xL upregulation may be the central mechanism of neuroprotection seen in the α-TCT-treated group. In summary, treatment with α-TCT upregulates Bcl-xL and increases ATP levels at neurites. This correlates with increased neurite branching during development and with protection of mature neurons against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-A Park
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
| | - Kristi M Crowe-White
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Lukasz Ciesla
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Madison Scott
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Sydni Bannerman
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Abigail U Davis
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Bishnu Adhikari
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Garrett Burnett
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Katheryn Broman
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Khondoker Adeba Ferdous
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Kimberly H Lackey
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Pawel Licznerski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jonas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
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16
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Nawrocka PM, Galka-Marciniak P, Urbanek-Trzeciak MO, M-Thirusenthilarasan I, Szostak N, Philips A, Susok L, Sand M, Kozlowski P. Profile of Basal Cell Carcinoma Mutations and Copy Number Alterations - Focus on Gene-Associated Noncoding Variants. Front Oncol 2021; 11:752579. [PMID: 34900699 PMCID: PMC8656283 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.752579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin is the most common cancer in humans, characterized by the highest mutation rate among cancers, and is mostly driven by mutations in genes involved in the hedgehog pathway. To date, almost all BCC genetic studies have focused exclusively on protein-coding sequences; therefore, the impact of noncoding variants on the BCC genome is unrecognized. In this study, with the use of whole-exome sequencing of 27 tumor/normal pairs of BCC samples, we performed an analysis of somatic mutations in both protein-coding sequences and gene-associated noncoding regions, including 5'UTRs, 3'UTRs, and exon-adjacent intron sequences. Separately, in each region, we performed hotspot identification, mutation enrichment analysis, and cancer driver identification with OncodriveFML. Additionally, we performed a whole-genome copy number alteration analysis with GISTIC2. Of the >80,000 identified mutations, ~50% were localized in noncoding regions. The results of the analysis generally corroborated the previous findings regarding genes mutated in coding sequences, including PTCH1, TP53, and MYCN, but more importantly showed that mutations were also clustered in specific noncoding regions, including hotspots. Some of the genes specifically mutated in noncoding regions were identified as highly potent cancer drivers, of which BAD had a mutation hotspot in the 3'UTR, DHODH had a mutation hotspot in the Kozak sequence in the 5'UTR, and CHCHD2 frequently showed mutations in the 5'UTR. All of these genes are functionally implicated in cancer-related processes (e.g., apoptosis, mitochondrial metabolism, and de novo pyrimidine synthesis) or the pathogenesis of UV radiation-induced cancers. We also found that the identified BAD and CHCHD2 mutations frequently occur in melanoma but not in other cancers via The Cancer Genome Atlas analysis. Finally, we identified a frequent deletion of chr9q, encompassing PTCH1, and unreported frequent copy number gain of chr9p, encompassing the genes encoding the immune checkpoint ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2. In conclusion, this study is the first systematic analysis of coding and noncoding mutations in BCC and provides a strong basis for further analyses of the variants in BCC and cancer in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Maria Nawrocka
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paulina Galka-Marciniak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | - Natalia Szostak
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Philips
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Laura Susok
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Sand
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Plastic Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Catholic Clinics of the Ruhr Peninsula, Essen, Germany Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Piotr Kozlowski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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17
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Energy matters: presynaptic metabolism and the maintenance of synaptic transmission. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 23:4-22. [PMID: 34782781 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic activity imposes large energy demands that are met by local adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis through glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. ATP drives action potentials, supports synapse assembly and remodelling, and fuels synaptic vesicle filling and recycling, thus sustaining synaptic transmission. Given their polarized morphological features - including long axons and extensive branching in their terminal regions - neurons face exceptional challenges in maintaining presynaptic energy homeostasis, particularly during intensive synaptic activity. Recent studies have started to uncover the mechanisms and signalling pathways involved in activity-dependent and energy-sensitive regulation of presynaptic energetics, or 'synaptoenergetics'. These conceptual advances have established the energetic regulation of synaptic efficacy and plasticity as an exciting research field that is relevant to a range of neurological disorders associated with bioenergetic failure and synaptic dysfunction.
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18
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Park HA, Stumpf A, Broman K, Jansen J, Dunn T, Scott M, Crowe-White KM. Role of lycopene in mitochondrial protection during differential levels of oxidative stress in primary cortical neurons. BRAIN DISORDERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dscb.2021.100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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19
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Bcl-xL Is Required by Primary Hippocampal Neurons during Development to Support Local Energy Metabolism at Neurites. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080772. [PMID: 34440004 PMCID: PMC8389656 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) is a mitochondrial protein known to inhibit mitochondria-dependent intrinsic apoptotic pathways. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that Bcl-xL is critical in regulating neuronal energy metabolism and has a protective role in pathologies associated with an energy deficit. However, it is less known how Bcl-xL regulates physiological processes of the brain. In this study, we hypothesize that Bcl-xL is required for neurite branching and maturation during neuronal development by improving local energy metabolism. We found that the absence of Bcl-xL in rat primary hippocampal neurons resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction. Specifically, the ATP/ADP ratio was significantly decreased in the neurites of Bcl-xL depleted neurons. We further found that neurons transduced with Bcl-xL shRNA or neurons treated with ABT-263, a pharmacological inhibitor of Bcl-xL, showed impaired mitochondrial motility. Neurons lacking Bcl-xL had significantly decreased anterograde and retrograde movement of mitochondria and an increased stationary mitochondrial population when Bcl-xL was depleted by either means. These mitochondrial defects, including loss of ATP, impaired normal neurite development. Neurons lacking Bcl-xL showed significantly decreased neurite arborization, growth and complexity. Bcl-xL depleted neurons also showed impaired synapse formation. These neurons showed increased intracellular calcium concentration and were more susceptible to excitotoxic challenge. Bcl-xL may support positioning of mitochondria at metabolically demanding regions of neurites like branching points. Our findings suggest a role for Bcl-xL in physiological regulation of neuronal growth and development.
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20
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Donahue RJ, Fehrman RL, Gustafson JR, Nickells RW. BCLX L gene therapy moderates neuropathology in the DBA/2J mouse model of inherited glaucoma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:781. [PMID: 34376637 PMCID: PMC8355227 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Axonal degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) causes blindness in glaucoma. Currently, there are no therapies that target axons to prevent them from degenerating. Activation of the BAX protein has been shown to be the determining step in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway that causes RGCs to die in glaucoma. A putative role for BAX in axonal degeneration is less well elucidated. BCLXL (BCL2L1) is the primary antagonist of BAX in RGCs. We developed a mCherry-BCLXL fusion protein, which prevented BAX recruitment and activation to the mitochondria in tissue culture cells exposed to staurosporine. This fusion protein was then packaged into adeno-associated virus serotype 2, which was used to transduce RGCs after intravitreal injection and force its overexpression. Transduced RGCs express mCherry-BCLXL throughout their somas and axons along the entire optic tract. In a model of acute optic nerve crush, the transgene prevented the recruitment of a GFP-BAX fusion protein to mitochondria and provided long-term somal protection up to 12 weeks post injury. To test the efficacy in glaucoma, DBA/2J mice were transduced at 5 months of age, just prior to the time they begin to exhibit ocular hypertension. Gene therapy with mCherry-BCLXL did not affect the longitudinal history of intraocular pressure elevation compared to naive mice but did robustly attenuate both RGC soma pathology and axonal degeneration in the optic nerve at both 10.5 and 12 months of age. BCLXL gene therapy is a promising candidate for glaucoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Donahue
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rachel L Fehrman
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jenna R Gustafson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Robert W Nickells
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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21
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Nguyen TTM, Gillet G, Popgeorgiev N. Caspases in the Developing Central Nervous System: Apoptosis and Beyond. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:702404. [PMID: 34336853 PMCID: PMC8322698 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.702404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The caspase family of cysteine proteases represents the executioners of programmed cell death (PCD) type I or apoptosis. For years, caspases have been known for their critical roles in shaping embryonic structures, including the development of the central nervous system (CNS). Interestingly, recent findings have suggested that aside from their roles in eliminating unnecessary neural cells, caspases are also implicated in other neurodevelopmental processes such as axon guidance, synapse formation, axon pruning, and synaptic functions. These results raise the question as to how neurons regulate this decision-making, leading either to cell death or to proper development and differentiation. This review highlights current knowledge on apoptotic and non-apoptotic functions of caspases in the developing CNS. We also discuss the molecular factors involved in the regulation of caspase-mediated roles, emphasizing the mitochondrial pathway of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Thi Minh Nguyen
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Germain Gillet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Laboratoire d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Nikolay Popgeorgiev
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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22
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Lucantoni F, Salvucci M, Dussmann H, Prehn JHM. BCL(X)L and BCL2 increase mitochondrial dynamics in breast cancer cell: Evidence from functional and genetic studies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119095. [PMID: 34214511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BCL2 family proteins are important regulators of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). In recent years, BCL2 family proteins have also been linked to the regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics. Given their overexpression in breast cancer cells, we sought to explore whether two key members of this family, BCL2 and BCL(X)L impacted on mitochondrial fusion/fission processes. By employing a single cell imaging and RNA sequencing we found that overexpression of BCL2 or BCL(X)L increases mitochondrial dynamics and alters the expression profile of genes involved in this process. Collectively, our data show that overexpression of BCL2 proteins regulates mitochondrial dynamics in breast cancer tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Lucantoni
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; Centre for System Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Manuela Salvucci
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; Centre for System Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Heiko Dussmann
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; Centre for System Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; Centre for System Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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23
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Muench NA, Patel S, Maes ME, Donahue RJ, Ikeda A, Nickells RW. The Influence of Mitochondrial Dynamics and Function on Retinal Ganglion Cell Susceptibility in Optic Nerve Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071593. [PMID: 34201955 PMCID: PMC8306483 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The important roles of mitochondrial function and dysfunction in the process of neurodegeneration are widely acknowledged. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) appear to be a highly vulnerable neuronal cell type in the central nervous system with respect to mitochondrial dysfunction but the actual reasons for this are still incompletely understood. These cells have a unique circumstance where unmyelinated axons must bend nearly 90° to exit the eye and then cross a translaminar pressure gradient before becoming myelinated in the optic nerve. This region, the optic nerve head, contains some of the highest density of mitochondria present in these cells. Glaucoma represents a perfect storm of events occurring at this location, with a combination of changes in the translaminar pressure gradient and reassignment of the metabolic support functions of supporting glia, which appears to apply increased metabolic stress to the RGC axons leading to a failure of axonal transport mechanisms. However, RGCs themselves are also extremely sensitive to genetic mutations, particularly in genes affecting mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial clearance. These mutations, which systemically affect the mitochondria in every cell, often lead to an optic neuropathy as the sole pathologic defect in affected patients. This review summarizes knowledge of mitochondrial structure and function, the known energy demands of neurons in general, and places these in the context of normal and pathological characteristics of mitochondria attributed to RGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Muench
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (N.A.M.); (S.P.); (R.J.D.)
| | - Sonia Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (N.A.M.); (S.P.); (R.J.D.)
| | - Margaret E. Maes
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria;
| | - Ryan J. Donahue
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (N.A.M.); (S.P.); (R.J.D.)
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Akihiro Ikeda
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Robert W. Nickells
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (N.A.M.); (S.P.); (R.J.D.)
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Correspondence:
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24
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Du M, Yu S, Su W, Zhao M, Yang F, Liu Y, Mai Z, Wang Y, Wang X, Chen T. Mitofusin 2 but not mitofusin 1 mediates Bcl-XL-induced mitochondrial aggregation. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs245001. [PMID: 32958707 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.245001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2 family proteins, as central players of the apoptotic program, participate in regulation of the mitochondrial network. Here, a quantitative live-cell fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) two-hybrid assay was used to confirm the homo-/hetero-oligomerization of mitofusins 2 and 1 (MFN2 and MFN1), and also demonstrate the binding of MFN2 to MFN1 with 1:1 stoichiometry. A FRET two-hybrid assay for living cells co-expressing CFP-labeled Bcl-XL (an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein encoded by BCL2L1) and YFP-labeled MFN2 or MFN1 demonstrated the binding of MFN2 or MFN1 to Bcl-XL with 1:1 stoichiometry. Neither MFN2 nor MFN1 bound with monomeric Bax in healthy cells, but both MFN2 and MFN1 bind to punctate Bax (pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein) during apoptosis. Oligomerized Bak (also known as BAK1; a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein) only associated with MFN1 but not MFN2. Moreover, co-expression of Bcl-XL with MFN2 or MFN1 had the same anti-apoptotic effect as the expression of Bcl-XL alone to staurosporine-induced apoptosis, indicating the Bcl-XL has its full anti-apoptotic ability when complexed with MFN2 or MFN1. However, knockdown of MFN2 but not MFN1 reduced mitochondrial aggregation induced by overexpression of Bcl-XL, indicating that MFN2 but not MFN1 mediates Bcl-XL-induced mitochondrial aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyan Du
- MOE Key Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Si Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Wenhua Su
- MOE Key Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Mengxin Zhao
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yangpei Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zihao Mai
- MOE Key Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yong Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Pain Management, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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25
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Trinh D, Israwi AR, Arathoon LR, Gleave JA, Nash JE. The multi-faceted role of mitochondria in the pathology of Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 2020; 156:715-752. [PMID: 33616931 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for neuronal function. They produce ATP to meet energy demands, regulate homeostasis of ion levels such as calcium and regulate reactive oxygen species that cause oxidative cellular stress. Mitochondria have also been shown to regulate protein synthesis within themselves, as well as within the nucleus, and also influence synaptic plasticity. These roles are especially important for neurons, which have higher energy demands and greater susceptibility to stress. Dysfunction of mitochondria has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Glaucoma and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. The focus of this review is on how and why mitochondrial function is linked to the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Many of the PD-linked genetic mutations which have been identified result in dysfunctional mitochondria, through a wide-spread number of mechanisms. In this review, we describe how susceptible neurons are predisposed to be vulnerable to the toxic events that occur during the neurodegenerative process of PD, and how mitochondria are central to these pathways. We also discuss ways in which proteins linked with familial PD control mitochondrial function, both physiologically and pathologically, along with their implications in genome-wide association studies and risk assessment. Finally, we review potential strategies for disease modification through mitochondrial enhancement. Ultimately, agents capable of both improving and/or restoring mitochondrial function, either alone, or in conjunction with other disease-modifying agents may halt or slow the progression of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennison Trinh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Centre for Neurobiology of Stress, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmad R Israwi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Centre for Neurobiology of Stress, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lindsay R Arathoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Centre for Neurobiology of Stress, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jacqueline A Gleave
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Centre for Neurobiology of Stress, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joanne E Nash
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Centre for Neurobiology of Stress, Toronto, ON, Canada
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26
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Licznerski P, Park HA, Rolyan H, Chen R, Mnatsakanyan N, Miranda P, Graham M, Wu J, Cruz-Reyes N, Mehta N, Sohail S, Salcedo J, Song E, Effman C, Effman S, Brandao L, Xu GN, Braker A, Gribkoff VK, Levy RJ, Jonas EA. ATP Synthase c-Subunit Leak Causes Aberrant Cellular Metabolism in Fragile X Syndrome. Cell 2020; 182:1170-1185.e9. [PMID: 32795412 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Loss of the gene (Fmr1) encoding Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) causes increased mRNA translation and aberrant synaptic development. We find neurons of the Fmr1-/y mouse have a mitochondrial inner membrane leak contributing to a "leak metabolism." In human Fragile X syndrome (FXS) fibroblasts and in Fmr1-/y mouse neurons, closure of the ATP synthase leak channel by mild depletion of its c-subunit or pharmacological inhibition normalizes stimulus-induced and constitutive mRNA translation rate, decreases lactate and key glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme levels, and triggers synapse maturation. FMRP regulates leak closure in wild-type (WT), but not FX synapses, by stimulus-dependent ATP synthase β subunit translation; this increases the ratio of ATP synthase enzyme to its c-subunit, enhancing ATP production efficiency and synaptic growth. In contrast, in FXS, inability to close developmental c-subunit leak prevents stimulus-dependent synaptic maturation. Therefore, ATP synthase c-subunit leak closure encourages development and attenuates autistic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Licznerski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Han-A Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Harshvardhan Rolyan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Rongmin Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Nelli Mnatsakanyan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Paige Miranda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Morven Graham
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | | | - Nikita Mehta
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Sana Sohail
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Jorge Salcedo
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Erin Song
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | | | - Samuel Effman
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Lucas Brandao
- Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Gulan N Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Amber Braker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Valentin K Gribkoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Richard J Levy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jonas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
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27
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Wu H, Wei H, Zhang D, Sehgal SA, Zhang D, Wang X, Qin Y, Liu L, Chen Q. Defective mitochondrial ISCs biogenesis switches on IRP1 to fine tune selective mitophagy. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101661. [PMID: 32795936 PMCID: PMC7426581 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Both iron metabolism and mitophagy, a selective mitochondrial degradation process via autolysosomal pathway, are fundamental for the cellular well-being. Mitochondria are the major site for iron metabolism, especially the biogenesis of iron-sulfur clusters (ISCs) via the mitochondria-localized ISCs assembly machinery. Here we report that mitochondrial ISCs biogenesis is coupled with receptor-mediated mitophagy in mammalian cells. Perturbation of mitochondrial ISCs biogenesis, either by depleting iron with the iron chelator or by knocking down the core components of the mitochondrial ISCs assembly machinery, triggers FUNDC1-dependent mitophagy. IRP1, one of the cellular iron sensors to maintain iron homeostasis, is crucial for iron stresses induced mitophagy. Knockdown of IRP1 disturbed iron stresses induced mitophagy. Furthermore, IRP1 could bind to a newly characterized IRE in the 5’ untranslated region of the Bcl-xL mRNA and suppress its translation. Bcl-xL is an intrinsic inhibitory protein of the mitochondrial phosphatase PGAM5, which catalyzes the dephosphorylation of FUNDC1 for mitophagy activation. Alterations of the IRP1/Bcl-xL axis navigate iron stresses induced mitophagy. We conclude that ISCs serve as physiological signals for mitophagy activation, thus coupling mitophagy with iron metabolism. Perturbation of ISCs biogenesis triggers FUNDC1 dependent mitophagy. IRP1 targets a newly characterized IRE in Bcl-xL mRNA to suppress its translation. IRP1/Bcl-xL axis navigates iron stresses induced mitophagy and dominates mitochondrial redox response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Huifang Wei
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450003, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Sheikh Arslan Sehgal
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; COMSATS University, Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Pakistan
| | - Dejiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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28
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Mnatsakanyan N, Jonas EA. The new role of F 1F o ATP synthase in mitochondria-mediated neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. Exp Neurol 2020; 332:113400. [PMID: 32653453 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial F1Fo ATP synthase is one of the most abundant proteins of the mitochondrial inner membrane, which catalyzes the final step of oxidative phosphorylation to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi. ATP synthase uses the electrochemical gradient of protons (ΔμH+) across the mitochondrial inner membrane to synthesize ATP. Under certain pathophysiological conditions, ATP synthase can run in reverse to hydrolyze ATP and build the necessary ΔμH+ across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Tight coupling between these two processes, proton translocation and ATP synthesis, is achieved by the unique rotational mechanism of ATP synthase and is necessary for efficient cellular metabolism and cell survival. The uncoupling of these processes, dissipation of mitochondrial inner membrane potential, elevated levels of ROS, low matrix content of ATP in combination with other cellular malfunction trigger the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in the mitochondrial inner membrane. In this review we will discuss the new role of ATP synthase beyond oxidative phosphorylation. We will highlight its function as a unique regulator of cell life and death and as a key target in mitochondria-mediated neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Mnatsakanyan
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Ann Jonas
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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29
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Mnatsakanyan N, Jonas EA. ATP synthase c-subunit ring as the channel of mitochondrial permeability transition: Regulator of metabolism in development and degeneration. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 144:109-118. [PMID: 32461058 PMCID: PMC7877492 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) or mitochondrial megachannel is arguably one of the most mysterious phenomena in biology today. mPTP has been at the center of ongoing extensive scientific research for the last several decades. In this review we will discuss recent advances in the field that enhance our understanding of the molecular composition of mPTP, its regulatory mechanisms and its pathophysiological role. We will describe our recent findings on the role of ATP synthase c-subunit ring as a central player in mitochondrial permeability transition and as an important metabolic regulator during development and in degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Mnatsakanyan
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Ann Jonas
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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30
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Ma K, Chen G, Li W, Kepp O, Zhu Y, Chen Q. Mitophagy, Mitochondrial Homeostasis, and Cell Fate. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:467. [PMID: 32671064 PMCID: PMC7326955 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly plastic and dynamic organelles that have graded responses to the changing cellular, environmental, and developmental cues. Mitochondria undergo constant mitochondrial fission and fusion, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitophagy, which coordinately control mitochondrial morphology, quantity, quality, turnover, and inheritance. Mitophagy is a cellular process that selectively removes the aged and damaged mitochondria via the specific sequestration and engulfment of mitochondria for subsequent lysosomal degradation. It plays a pivotal role in reinstating cellular homeostasis in normal physiology and conditions of stress. Damaged mitochondria may either instigate innate immunity through the overproduction of ROS or the release of mtDNA, or trigger cell death through the release of cytochrome c and other apoptogenic factors when mitochondria damage is beyond repair. Distinct molecular machineries and signaling pathways are found to regulate these mitochondrial dynamics and behaviors. It is less clear how mitochondrial behaviors are coordinated at molecular levels. BCL2 family proteins interact within family members to regulate mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and apoptosis. They were also described as global regulators of mitochondrial homeostasis and mitochondrial fate through their interaction with distinct partners including Drp1, mitofusins, PGAM5, and even LC3 that involved mitochondrial dynamics and behaviors. In this review, we summarize recent findings on molecular pathways governing mitophagy and its coordination with other mitochondrial behaviors, which together determine cellular fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, UMR 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yushan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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31
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Listeria monocytogenes Exploits Mitochondrial Contact Site and Cristae Organizing System Complex Subunit Mic10 To Promote Mitochondrial Fragmentation and Cellular Infection. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.03171-19. [PMID: 32019800 PMCID: PMC7002346 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03171-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria can target host cell organelles to take control of key cellular processes and promote their intracellular survival, growth, and persistence. Mitochondria are essential, highly dynamic organelles with pivotal roles in a wide variety of cell functions. Mitochondrial dynamics and function are intimately linked. Our previous research showed that Listeria monocytogenes infection impairs mitochondrial function and triggers fission of the mitochondrial network at an early infection stage, in a process that is independent of the presence of the main mitochondrial fission protein Drp1. Here, we analyzed how mitochondrial proteins change in response to L. monocytogenes infection and found that infection raises the levels of Mic10, a mitochondrial inner membrane protein involved in formation of cristae. We show that Mic10 is important for L. monocytogenes-dependent mitochondrial fission and infection of host cells. Our findings thus offer new insight into the mechanisms used by L. monocytogenes to hijack mitochondria to optimize host infection. Mitochondrial function adapts to cellular demands and is affected by the ability of the organelle to undergo fusion and fission in response to physiological and nonphysiological cues. We previously showed that infection with the human bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes elicits transient mitochondrial fission and a drop in mitochondrion-dependent energy production through a mechanism requiring the bacterial pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO). Here, we performed quantitative mitochondrial proteomics to search for host factors involved in L. monocytogenes-induced mitochondrial fission. We found that Mic10, a critical component of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex, is significantly enriched in mitochondria isolated from cells infected with wild-type but not with LLO-deficient L. monocytogenes. Increased mitochondrial Mic10 levels did not correlate with upregulated transcription, suggesting a posttranscriptional mechanism. We then showed that Mic10 is necessary for L. monocytogenes-induced mitochondrial network fragmentation and that it contributes to L. monocytogenes cellular infection independently of MICOS proteins Mic13, Mic26, and Mic27. In conclusion, investigation of L. monocytogenes infection allowed us to uncover a role for Mic10 in mitochondrial fission.
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32
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Chaudhry A, Shi R, Luciani DS. A pipeline for multidimensional confocal analysis of mitochondrial morphology, function, and dynamics in pancreatic β-cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E87-E101. [PMID: 31846372 PMCID: PMC7052579 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00457.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Live-cell imaging of mitochondrial function and dynamics can provide vital insights into both physiology and pathophysiology, including of metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes. However, without super-resolution microscopy and commercial analysis software, it is challenging to accurately extract features from dense multilayered mitochondrial networks, such as those in insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells. Motivated by this, we developed a comprehensive pipeline and associated ImageJ plugin that enables 2D/3D quantification of mitochondrial network morphology and dynamics in mouse β-cells and by extension other similarly challenging cell types. The approach is based on standard confocal microscopy and shareware, making it widely accessible. The pipeline was validated using mitochondrial photolabeling and unsupervised cluster analysis and is capable of morphological and functional analyses on a per-organelle basis, including in 4D (xyzt). Overall, this tool offers a powerful framework for multiplexed analysis of mitochondrial state/function and provides a valuable resource to accelerate mitochondrial research in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsen Chaudhry
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Diabetes Research Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rocky Shi
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Diabetes Research Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dan S Luciani
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Diabetes Research Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Borrás C, Mas-Bargues C, Román-Domínguez A, Sanz-Ros J, Gimeno-Mallench L, Inglés M, Gambini J, Viña J. BCL-xL, a Mitochondrial Protein Involved in Successful Aging: From C. elegans to Human Centenarians. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020418. [PMID: 31936510 PMCID: PMC7014191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
B-Cell Lymphoma-extra-large (BCL-xL) is involved in longevity and successful aging, which indicates a role for BCL-xL in cell survival pathway regulation. Beyond its well described role as an inhibitor of apoptosis by preventing cytochrome c release, BCL-xL has also been related, indirectly, to autophagy and senescence pathways. Although in these latter cases, BCL-xL has dual roles, either activating or inhibiting, depending on the cell type and the specific conditions. Taken together, all these findings suggest a precise mechanism of action for BCL-xL, able to regulate the crosstalk between apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence, thus promoting cell survival or cell death. All three pathways can be both beneficial or detrimental depending on the circumstances. Thus, targeting BCL-xL would in turn be a "double-edge sword" and therefore, additional studies are needed to better comprehend this dual and apparently contradictory role of BCL-XL in longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Borrás
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 15 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-B.); (A.R.-D.); (J.S.-R.); (L.G.-M.); (J.G.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristina Mas-Bargues
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 15 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-B.); (A.R.-D.); (J.S.-R.); (L.G.-M.); (J.G.); (J.V.)
| | - Aurora Román-Domínguez
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 15 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-B.); (A.R.-D.); (J.S.-R.); (L.G.-M.); (J.G.); (J.V.)
| | - Jorge Sanz-Ros
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 15 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-B.); (A.R.-D.); (J.S.-R.); (L.G.-M.); (J.G.); (J.V.)
| | - Lucia Gimeno-Mallench
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 15 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-B.); (A.R.-D.); (J.S.-R.); (L.G.-M.); (J.G.); (J.V.)
| | - Marta Inglés
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 15 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Juan Gambini
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 15 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-B.); (A.R.-D.); (J.S.-R.); (L.G.-M.); (J.G.); (J.V.)
| | - José Viña
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 15 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-B.); (A.R.-D.); (J.S.-R.); (L.G.-M.); (J.G.); (J.V.)
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Yu R, Lendahl U, Nistér M, Zhao J. Regulation of Mammalian Mitochondrial Dynamics: Opportunities and Challenges. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:374. [PMID: 32595603 PMCID: PMC7300174 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles and important for a variety of cellular functions. They constantly undergo fission and fusion events, referred to as mitochondrial dynamics, which affects the shape, size, and number of mitochondria in the cell, as well as mitochondrial subcellular transport, mitochondrial quality control (mitophagy), and programmed cell death (apoptosis). Dysfunctional mitochondrial dynamics is associated with various human diseases. Mitochondrial dynamics is mediated by a set of mitochondria-shaping proteins in both yeast and mammals. In this review, we describe recent insights into the potential molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial fusion and fission, particularly highlighting the coordinating roles of different mitochondria-shaping proteins in the processes, as well as the roles of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the actin cytoskeleton and membrane phospholipids in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. We particularly focus on emerging roles for the mammalian mitochondrial proteins Fis1, Mff, and MIEFs (MIEF1 and MIEF2) in regulating the recruitment of the cytosolic Drp1 to the surface of mitochondria and how these proteins, especially Fis1, mediate crosstalk between the mitochondrial fission and fusion machineries. In summary, this review provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of mammalian mitochondrial dynamics and the involvement of these mechanisms in apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yu
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monica Nistér
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Monica Nistér
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Jian Zhao
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Ma Y, Du M, Yang F, Mai Z, Zhang C, Qu W, Wang B, Wang X, Chen T. Quantifying the inhibitory effect of Bcl-xl on the action of Mff using live-cell fluorescence imaging. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:2041-2051. [PMID: 31587505 PMCID: PMC6886297 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission regulates mitochondrial function and morphology, and has been linked to apoptosis. The mitochondrial fission factor (Mff), a tail‐anchored membrane protein, induces excessive mitochondrial fission, contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Here, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of Bcl‐xl, an antiapoptotic protein, on the action of Mff by using live‐cell fluorescence imaging. Microscopic imaging analysis showed that overexpression of Mff induced mitochondrial fragmentation and apoptosis, which were reversed by coexpression of Bcl‐xl. Microscopic imaging and live‐cell fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis demonstrated that Bcl‐xl reconstructs the Mff network from punctate distribution of higher‐order oligomers to filamentous distribution of lower‐order oligomers. Live‐cell fluorescence resonance energy transfer two‐hybrid assay showed that Bcl‐xl interacted with Mff to form heterogenous oligomers with 1 : 2 stoichiometry in cytoplasm and 1 : 1 stoichiometry on mitochondria, indicating that two Bcl‐xl molecules primarily interact with four Mff molecules in cytoplasm, but with two Mff molecules on mitochondria. Mitochondrial fission factor (Mff)‐mediated mitochondrial fission is positively correlated with the self‐oligomerization of Mff. Bcl‐xl directly interacts with Mff to prevent Mff‐mediated mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. Bcl‐xl interacts with Mff to form heterogenous hexamers with 1 : 2 stoichiometry in cytoplasm and heterogenous tetramers with 1 : 1 stoichiometry on the mitochondrial membrane, respectively.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyan Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Mai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenshuang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Qu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Sharma A, Boise LH, Shanmugam M. Cancer Metabolism and the Evasion of Apoptotic Cell Death. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1144. [PMID: 31405035 PMCID: PMC6721599 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular growth and proliferation depend upon the acquisition and synthesis of specific metabolites. These metabolites fuel the bioenergy, biosynthesis, and redox potential required for duplication of cellular biomass. Multicellular organisms maintain tissue homeostasis by balancing signals promoting proliferation and removal of cells via apoptosis. While apoptosis is in itself an energy dependent process activated by intrinsic and extrinsic signals, whether specific nutrient acquisition (elevated or suppressed) and their metabolism regulates apoptosis is less well investigated. Normal cellular metabolism is regulated by lineage specific intrinsic features and microenvironment driven extrinsic features. In the context of cancer, genetic abnormalities, unconventional microenvironments and/or therapy engage constitutive pro-survival signaling to re-program and rewire metabolism to maintain survival, growth, and proliferation. It thus becomes particularly relevant to understand whether altered nutrient acquisition and metabolism in cancer can also contribute to the evasion of apoptosis and consequently therapy resistance. Our review attempts to dissect a causal relationship between two cancer hallmarks, i.e., deregulated cellular energetics and the evasion of programmed cell death with primary focus on the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lawrence H Boise
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mala Shanmugam
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Chen R, Park HA, Mnatsakanyan N, Niu Y, Licznerski P, Wu J, Miranda P, Graham M, Tang J, Boon AJW, Cossu G, Mandemakers W, Bonifati V, Smith PJS, Alavian KN, Jonas EA. Parkinson's disease protein DJ-1 regulates ATP synthase protein components to increase neuronal process outgrowth. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:469. [PMID: 31197129 PMCID: PMC6565618 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Familial Parkinson’s disease (PD) protein DJ-1 mutations are linked to early onset PD. We have found that DJ-1 binds directly to the F1FO ATP synthase β subunit. DJ-1’s interaction with the β subunit decreased mitochondrial uncoupling and enhanced ATP production efficiency while in contrast mutations in DJ-1 or DJ-1 knockout increased mitochondrial uncoupling, and depolarized neuronal mitochondria. In mesencephalic DJ-1 KO cultures, there was a progressive loss of neuronal process extension. This was ameliorated by a pharmacological reagent, dexpramipexole, that binds to ATP synthase, closing a mitochondrial inner membrane leak and enhancing ATP synthase efficiency. ATP synthase c-subunit can form an uncoupling channel; we measured, therefore, ATP synthase F1 (β subunit) and c-subunit protein levels. We found that ATP synthase β subunit protein level in the DJ-1 KO neurons was approximately half that found in their wild-type counterparts, comprising a severe defect in ATP synthase stoichiometry and unmasking c-subunit. We suggest that DJ-1 enhances dopaminergic cell metabolism and growth by its regulation of ATP synthase protein components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongmin Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Han-A Park
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Nelli Mnatsakanyan
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yulong Niu
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pawel Licznerski
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paige Miranda
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Morven Graham
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jack Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Agnita J W Boon
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Cossu
- Neurology Service and Stroke Unit, Brotzu General Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Wim Mandemakers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Bonifati
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J S Smith
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, England.,Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Kambiz N Alavian
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA.,Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Jonas
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Parrella E, Bellucci A, Porrini V, Benarese M, Lanzillotta A, Faustini G, Longhena F, Abate G, Uberti D, Pizzi M. NF-κB/c-Rel deficiency causes Parkinson's disease-like prodromal symptoms and progressive pathology in mice. Transl Neurodegener 2019; 8:16. [PMID: 31139367 PMCID: PMC6530198 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-019-0154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD), the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, is characterized by dopaminergic nigrostriatal neuron loss and brain accumulation of Lewy bodies, protein aggregates mainly composed of α-synuclein. We reported that mice deficient for NF-κB/c-Rel (c-rel-/-) develop a late-onset parkinsonism. At 18 months of age, c-rel-/- mice showed nigrostriatal degeneration and accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates associated with a motor impairment responsive to L-DOPA administration. Being c-Rel protein a transcriptional regulator for mitochondrial anti-oxidant and antiapoptotic factors, it has been inferred that its deficiency may affect the resilience of “energy demanding” nigral dopaminergic neurons to the aging process. PD patients manifest a prodromal syndrome that includes olfactory and gastrointestinal dysfunctions years before the frank degeneration of nigrostriatal neurons and appearance of motor symptoms. According to the Braak staging, the onset of non-motor and motor symptoms relates to progressive ascendant diffusion of α-synuclein pathology in the brain. The aim of this study was to identify whether c-rel-/- deficiency is associated with the onset of premotor signs of PD and spatio-temporal progression of cerebral α-synuclein deposition. Methods Intestinal and olfactory functions, intestine and brain α-synuclein deposition as well as striatal alterations, were assessed in c-rel-/- and control mice from 2 to 18 months of age. Results From 2 months of age, c-rel-/- mice displayed intestinal constipation and increasing olfactory impairment. At 2 months, c-rel-/- mice exhibited a mild α-synuclein accumulation in the distal colon. Moreover, they developed an age-dependent deposition of fibrillary α-synuclein that, starting at 5 months from the olfactory bulbs, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus and locus coeruleus, reached the substantia nigra at 12 months. At this age, the α-synuclein pathology associated with a drop of dopamine transporter in the striatum that anticipated by 6 months the axonal degeneration. From 12 months onwards oxidative/nitrosative stress developed in the striatum in parallel with altered expression of mitochondrial homeostasis regulators in the substantia nigra. Conclusions In c-rel-/- mice, reproducing a parkinsonian progressive pathology with non-motor and motor symptoms, a Braak-like pattern of brain ascending α-synuclein deposition occurs. The peculiar phenotype of c-rel-/- mice envisages a potential contribution of c-Rel dysregulation to the pathogenesis of PD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40035-019-0154-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Parrella
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Arianna Bellucci
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Vanessa Porrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marina Benarese
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Lanzillotta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Gaia Faustini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Longhena
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Abate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Uberti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marina Pizzi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Dolgacheva LP, Berezhnov AV, Fedotova EI, Zinchenko VP, Abramov AY. Role of DJ-1 in the mechanism of pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2019; 51:175-188. [PMID: 31054074 PMCID: PMC6531411 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-019-09798-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DJ-1 protein has multiple specific mechanisms to protect dopaminergic neurons against neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Wild type DJ-1 can acts as oxidative stress sensor and as an antioxidant. DJ-1 exhibits the properties of molecular chaperone, protease, glyoxalase, transcriptional regulator that protects mitochondria from oxidative stress. DJ-1 increases the expression of two mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCP 4 and UCP5), that decrease mitochondrial membrane potential and leads to the suppression of ROS production, optimizes of a number of mitochondrial functions, and is regarded as protection for the neuronal cell survival. We discuss also the stabilizing interaction of DJ-1 with the mitochondrial Bcl-xL protein, which regulates the activity of (Inositol trisphosphate receptor) IP3R, prevents the cytochrome c release from mitochondria and inhibits the apoptosis activation. Upon oxidative stress DJ-1 is able to regulate various transcription factors including nuclear factor Nrf2, PI3K/PKB, and p53 signal pathways. Stress-activated transcription factor Nrf2 regulates the pathways to protect cells against oxidative stress and metabolic pathways initiating the NADPH and ATP production. DJ-1 induces the Nrf2 dissociation from its inhibitor Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1), promoting Nrf2 nuclear translocation and binding to antioxidant response elements. DJ-1 is shown to be a co-activator of the transcription factor NF-kB. Under nitrosative stress, DJ-1 may regulate PI3K/PKB signaling through PTEN transnitrosylation, which leads to inhibition of phosphatase activity. DJ-1 has a complex modulating effect on the p53 pathway: one side DJ-1 directly binds to p53 to restore its transcriptional activity and on the other hand DJ-1 can stimulate deacylation and suppress p53 transcriptional activity. The ability of the DJ-1 to induce activation of different transcriptional factors and change redox balance protect neurons against aggregation of α-synuclein and oligomer-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila P Dolgacheva
- Institute of Cell Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia.
| | - Alexey V Berezhnov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Evgeniya I Fedotova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Valery P Zinchenko
- Institute of Cell Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
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40
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Bok regulates mitochondrial fusion and morphology. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:2682-2694. [PMID: 30976095 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bok (Bcl-2-related ovarian killer) is a member of the Bcl-2 protein family that governs the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, but the cellular role that Bok plays is controversial. Remarkably, endogenous Bok is constitutively bound to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) and is stabilized by this interaction. Here we report that despite the strong association with IP3Rs, deletion of Bok expression by CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein-9 nuclease)-mediated gene editing does not alter calcium mobilization via IP3Rs or calcium influx into the mitochondria. Rather, Bok deletion significantly reduces mitochondrial fusion rate, resulting in mitochondrial fragmentation. This phenotype is reversed by exogenous wild-type Bok and by an IP3R binding-deficient Bok mutant, and may result from a decrease in mitochondrial motility. Bok deletion also enhances mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity and membrane potential. Finally, Bok does not play a major role in apoptotic signaling, since Bok deletion does not alter responsiveness to various apoptotic stimuli. Overall, despite binding to IP3Rs, Bok does not alter IP3R-mediated Ca2+ signaling, but is required to maintain normal mitochondrial fusion, morphology, and bioenergetics.
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Li L, Liu M, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Liu N, Sheng X, Wei P. Derlin1 functions as an oncogene in cervical cancer via AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Biol Res 2019; 52:8. [PMID: 30808417 PMCID: PMC6391802 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-019-0215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer (CC) ranks third in the morbidity and mortality of female cancer around the world. Derlin1 has been found to be overexpressed in several human cancers. However, it is still unclear about its roles in CC. The research aims to explore the relationship between Derlin1 and CC. METHODS We purchased a human CC tissues microarray, which contained CC tissues and corresponding para-cancerous tissues from 93 patients with primary cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining was used to confirm the expression of Derlin1 in these tissues. And we detected the differential expression of Derlin1 in cervical cancer cell lines and normal cervical epithelial cells (H8). Further, the cervical cancer cell lines SiHa and C33A were used as an in vitro model, which was down-regulated the expression of Derlin1 using siRNA interference technology. The effects of Derlin1 down-regulating in CC cell lines on cell proliferation and migration were detected by CCK8 assay and transwell assay, respectively. The effect of Derlin1 down-regulating on apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, and apoptosis-related proteins were detected using western blotting. In-depth mechanisms were studied using western blotting. In addition, the effects of Derlin1 up-regulating in normal cervical epithelial cells also were exposed. RESULTS Derlin1 was significantly elevated in CC tissues (81.7%, 76/93), and the expression of Derlin1 was positively correlated with the tumor size, pathological grade, and lymph node metastasis in CC patients. And Derlin1 was high expressed in cervical cancer cell lines compared to H8 cells. Knockdown of Derlin1 in cervical cancer cell lines inhibited cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, knockdown of Derlin1 induced apoptosis and affected the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, including Bcl-2, Bax, Bim, caspase3 and caspase9. Further experiments showed that AKT/mTOR signal pathway might be involve in this processes that knockdown of Derlin1 inhibited the expression of p-AKT and p-mTOR. Over-expression of Derlin1 in H8 cells promoted cell proliferation and migration via up-regulated the expression of p-AKT and p-mTOR. CONCLUSION Derlin1 is an oncogene in CC via AKT/mTOR pathway. It might be a potential therapeutic target for CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Tengzhou City, Tengzhou, 277599, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Tumor Hospital and Institute, No. 440, Yan Ji Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihu Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Medicine, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Naifu Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Tumor Hospital and Institute, No. 440, Yan Ji Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Xiugui Sheng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tumor Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Tumor Hospital and Institute, No. 440, Yan Ji Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
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Gao R, Asano SM, Upadhyayula S, Pisarev I, Milkie DE, Liu TL, Singh V, Graves A, Huynh GH, Zhao Y, Bogovic J, Colonell J, Ott CM, Zugates C, Tappan S, Rodriguez A, Mosaliganti KR, Sheu SH, Pasolli HA, Pang S, Xu CS, Megason SG, Hess H, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Hantman A, Rubin GM, Kirchhausen T, Saalfeld S, Aso Y, Boyden ES, Betzig E. Cortical column and whole-brain imaging with molecular contrast and nanoscale resolution. Science 2019; 363:eaau8302. [PMID: 30655415 PMCID: PMC6481610 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau8302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Optical and electron microscopy have made tremendous inroads toward understanding the complexity of the brain. However, optical microscopy offers insufficient resolution to reveal subcellular details, and electron microscopy lacks the throughput and molecular contrast to visualize specific molecular constituents over millimeter-scale or larger dimensions. We combined expansion microscopy and lattice light-sheet microscopy to image the nanoscale spatial relationships between proteins across the thickness of the mouse cortex or the entire Drosophila brain. These included synaptic proteins at dendritic spines, myelination along axons, and presynaptic densities at dopaminergic neurons in every fly brain region. The technology should enable statistically rich, large-scale studies of neural development, sexual dimorphism, degree of stereotypy, and structural correlations to behavior or neural activity, all with molecular contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixuan Gao
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Shoh M Asano
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Srigokul Upadhyayula
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Igor Pisarev
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Daniel E Milkie
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Tsung-Li Liu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Ved Singh
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Austin Graves
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Grace H Huynh
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yongxin Zhao
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John Bogovic
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Jennifer Colonell
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Carolyn M Ott
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Christopher Zugates
- arivis AG, 1875 Connecticut Avenue NW, 10th floor, Washington, DC 20009, USA
| | - Susan Tappan
- MBF Bioscience, 185 Allen Brook Lane, Suite 101, Williston, VT 05495, USA
| | - Alfredo Rodriguez
- MBF Bioscience, 185 Allen Brook Lane, Suite 101, Williston, VT 05495, USA
| | - Kishore R Mosaliganti
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shu-Hsien Sheu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - H Amalia Pasolli
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Song Pang
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - C Shan Xu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Sean G Megason
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Harald Hess
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | | | - Adam Hantman
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Gerald M Rubin
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Tom Kirchhausen
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephan Saalfeld
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Yoshinori Aso
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Edward S Boyden
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- MIT Center for Neurobiological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eric Betzig
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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43
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Abstract
BCL-2 family proteins interact in a network that regulates apoptosis. The BH3 amino acid sequence motif serves to bind together this conglomerate protein family, both literally and figuratively. BH3 motifs are present in antiapoptotic and proapoptotic BCL-2 homologs, and in a separate group of unrelated BH3-only proteins often appended to the BCL-2 family. BH3-containing helices mediate many of their physical interactions to determine cell death versus survival, leading to the development of BH3 mimetics as therapeutics. Here we provide an overview of BCL-2 family interactions, their relevance in health and disease, and the progress toward regulating their interactions therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Huska
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heather M Lamb
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Marie Hardwick
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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44
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Lewis TL, Kwon SK, Lee A, Shaw R, Polleux F. MFF-dependent mitochondrial fission regulates presynaptic release and axon branching by limiting axonal mitochondria size. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5008. [PMID: 30479337 PMCID: PMC6258764 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons display extreme degrees of polarization, including compartment-specific organelle morphology. In cortical, long-range projecting, pyramidal neurons (PNs), dendritic mitochondria are long and tubular whereas axonal mitochondria display uniformly short length. Here we explored the functional significance of maintaining small mitochondria for axonal development in vitro and in vivo. We report that the Drp1 'receptor' Mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) is required for determining the size of mitochondria entering the axon and then for maintenance of their size along the distal portions of the axon without affecting their trafficking properties, presynaptic capture, membrane potential or ability to generate ATP. Strikingly, this increase in presynaptic mitochondrial size upon MFF downregulation augments their capacity for Ca2+ ([Ca2+]m) uptake during neurotransmission, leading to reduced presynaptic [Ca2+]c accumulation, decreased presynaptic release and terminal axon branching. Our results uncover a novel mechanism controlling neurotransmitter release and axon branching through fission-dependent regulation of presynaptic mitochondrial size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy L Lewis
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Seok-Kyu Kwon
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Annie Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Reuben Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Kavli Institute for Brain Science at Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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45
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Ghahremani R, Damirchi A, Salehi I, Komaki A, Esposito F. Mitochondrial dynamics as an underlying mechanism involved in aerobic exercise training-induced cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Life Sci 2018; 213:102-108. [PMID: 30355530 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ischemia-reperfusion injury is one of the most common cardiac disorders leading to irreversible heart damage. Many underlying mechanisms seem to be involved, among which mitochondrial dysfunction. Since physical training has a beneficial effect on mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission), it may have a cardioprotective effect against IR injury also via mitochondrial pathways. This study investigates the protective role of aerobic training against cardiac IR injury and the mitochondrial dynamics as a possible mechanism. MAIN METHODS Thirty-two male Wistar rats (8-week old) were divided into a control, sham, control + IR, and training + IR groups (8 rats each). Training group was exercised aerobically on a treadmill for 8 weeks (5 days/week). After 8 weeks, anesthetized rats underwent a left thoracotomy (sham, control + IR, and training + IR groups) to access the left anterior descending coronary artery, which was occluded by a silk suture for 30 min and released for 90 min of reperfusion (IR groups). Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to determine the infarct size. The gene expression of mitofusin 1 (Mfn1), mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) was evaluated by RT-PCR. A one-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis with the significance level set at P ≤ 0.05. KEY FINDINGS Cardiac infarct size was smaller In training + IR group (20.24 ± 5.7%) than in control + IR (35.9 ± 2.3%; P ≤ 0.05). Training + IR showed higher expression of Mfn1 and Mfn2 (P ≤ 0.05). Conversely, Drp1 expression was lower after training (P ≤ 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Exercise-induced regulation of mitochondrial fusion and fission, leading to improvement of mitochondrial dynamics seems to be involved in the cardioprotection against IR injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghahremani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arsalan Damirchi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
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46
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Melatonin Can Strengthen the Effect of Retinoic Acid in HL-60 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102873. [PMID: 30248940 PMCID: PMC6213950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is produced by the pineal gland. It can be regarded as an anticancer agent and used for combined therapy, owing to its oncostatic, antioxidant, and immunoregulatory activities. Retinoic acid is widely used for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia; however, it has adverse effects on the human organism. We investigated the effect of melatonin and reduced concentrations of retinoic acid on the activation of proliferation in acute promyelocytic leukemiaon a cell model HL-60. The combined effect of these compounds leads to a reduction in the number of cells by 70% and the index of mitotic activity by 64%. Combined treatment with melatonin and retinoic acid decreased the expression of the Bcl-2. The mitochondrial isoform VDAC1 can be a target in the treatment of different tumors. The combined effect of and retinoic acid at a low concentration (10 nM) decreased VDAC1 expression. Melatonin in combination with retinoic acid produced a similar effect on the expression of the translocator protein. The coprecipitation of VDAC with 2′,3′-cyclonucleotide-3′-phosphodiesterase implies a possible role of its in cancer development. The combined effect of retinoic acid and melatonin decreased the activity of the electron transport chain complexes. The changes in the activation of proliferation in HL-60 cells, the mitotic index, and Bcl-2 expression under combined effect of retinoic acid (10 nM) with melatonin (1 mM) are similar to changes that are induced by 1 μM retinoic acid. Our results suggest that MEL is able to improve the action the other chemotherapeutic agent.
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47
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Abstract
This question of whether fungi undergo apoptosis-like programmed cell death can be separated into two questions. One question is about applying the term "apoptosis" to fungi, and the other is a more challenging question of whether fungi have evolved mechanisms that inflict self-injury. The answers to both questions depend on the definitions applied to "apoptosis" and "programmed cell death." Considering how these and other cell death terms originated and are currently defined for animals, some confusion arises when the terms are applied to fungi. While it is difficult to defend the concept of fungal apoptosis, the more interesting issue is whether fungi will eventually be found to encode programmed or extemporaneous self-destructive processes, as suggested by intriguing new findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marie Hardwick
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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48
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Evidence for Compartmentalized Axonal Mitochondrial Biogenesis: Mitochondrial DNA Replication Increases in Distal Axons As an Early Response to Parkinson's Disease-Relevant Stress. J Neurosci 2018; 38:7505-7515. [PMID: 30030401 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0541-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it is not clear how mitochondrial biogenesis is regulated in neurons, with their unique compartmentalized anatomy and energetic demands. This is particularly relevant in PD because selectively vulnerable neurons feature long, highly arborized axons where degeneration initiates. We previously found that exposure of neurons to chronic, sublethal doses of rotenone, a complex I inhibitor linked to PD, causes early increases in mitochondrial density specifically in distal axons, suggesting possible upregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis within axons. Here, we directly evaluated for evidence of mitochondrial biogenesis in distal axons and examined whether PD-relevant stress causes compartmentalized alterations. Using BrdU labeling and imaging to quantify replicating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in primary rat neurons (pooled from both sexes), we provide evidence of mtDNA replication in axons along with cell bodies and proximal dendrites. We found that exposure to chronic, sublethal rotenone increases mtDNA replication first in neurites and later extending to cell bodies, complementing our mitochondrial density data. Further, isolating axons from cell bodies and dendrites, we discovered that rotenone exposure upregulates mtDNA replication in distal axons. Utilizing superresolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) imaging, we identified mtDNA replication at sites of mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum contacts in axons. Our evidence suggests that mitochondrial biogenesis occurs not only in cell bodies, but also in distal axons, and is altered under PD-relevant stress conditions in an anatomically compartmentalized manner. We hypothesize that this contributes to vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Mitochondrial biogenesis is crucial for maintaining mitochondrial and cellular health and has been linked to neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. However, regulation of this process is poorly understood in CNS neurons, which rely on mitochondrial function for survival. Our findings offer fundamental insight into these regulatory mechanisms by demonstrating that replication of mitochondrial DNA, an essential precursor for biogenesis, can occur in distal regions of CNS neuron axons independent of the soma. Further, this process is upregulated specifically in axons as an early response to neurodegeneration-relevant stress. This is the first demonstration of the compartmentalized regulation of CNS neuronal mitochondrial biogenesis in response to stress and may prove a useful target in development of therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disease.
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49
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Lee A, Hirabayashi Y, Kwon SK, Lewis TL, Polleux F. Emerging roles of mitochondria in synaptic transmission and neurodegeneration. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 3:82-93. [PMID: 30320242 PMCID: PMC6178220 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play numerous critical physiological functions in neurons including ATP production, Ca2+ regulation, lipid synthesis, ROS signaling, and the ability to trigger apoptosis. Recently developed technologies, including in vivo 2-photon imaging in awake behaving mice revealed that unlike in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), mitochondrial transport decreases strikingly along the axons of adult neurons of the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, the improvements of genetically-encoded biosensors have enabled precise monitoring of the spatial and temporal impact of mitochondria on Ca2+, ATP and ROS homeostasis in a compartment-specific manner. Here, we discuss recent findings that begin to unravel novel physiological and pathophysiological properties of neuronal mitochondria at synapses. We also suggest new directions in the exploration of mitochondrial function in synaptic transmission, plasticity and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute
| | - Yusuke Hirabayashi
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute
| | - Seok-Kyu Kwon
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute
| | - Tommy L. Lewis
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science at Columbia University
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50
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Lucantoni F, Düssmann H, Llorente-Folch I, Prehn JHM. BCL2 and BCL(X)L selective inhibitors decrease mitochondrial ATP production in breast cancer cells and are synthetically lethal when combined with 2-deoxy-D-glucose. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26046-26063. [PMID: 29899841 PMCID: PMC5995245 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells display differences regarding their engagement of glycolytic vs. mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway. Triple negative breast cancer, an aggressive form of breast cancer, is characterized by elevated glycolysis, while estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells rely predominantly on OXPHOS. BCL2 proteins control the process of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization during apoptosis, but also regulate cellular bioenergetics. Because BCL2 proteins are overexpressed in breast cancer and targetable by selective antagonists, we here analysed the effect of BCL2 and BCL(X)L selective inhibitors, Venetoclax and WEHI-539, on mitochondrial bioenergetics and cell death. Employing single cell imaging using a FRET-based mitochondrial ATP sensor, we found that MCF7 breast cancer cells supplied with mitochondrial substrates reduced their mitochondrial ATP production when treated with Venetoclax or WEHI-539 at concentrations that per se did not induce cell death. Treatments with lower concentrations of both inhibitors also reduced the length of the mitochondrial network and the dynamics, as evaluated by quantitative confocal microscopy. We next tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial ATP production inhibition with BCL2 or BCL(X)L antagonists was synthetically lethal when combined with glycolysis inhibition. Treatment with 2-deoxy-D-glucose in combination with Venetoclax or WEHI-539 synergistically reduced the cellular bioenergetics of ER+ and TNBC breast cancer cells and abolished their clonogenic potential. Synthetic lethality was also observed when cultures were grown in 3D spheres. Our findings demonstrate that BCL2 antagonists exert potent effects on cancer metabolism independent of cell death-inducing effects, and demonstrate a synthetic lethality when these are applied in combination with glycolysis inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Lucantoni
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Center for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Heiko Düssmann
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Center for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Irene Llorente-Folch
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Center for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Center for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
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