1
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Festa BP, Siddiqi FH, Jimenez-Sanchez M, Won H, Rob M, Djajadikerta A, Stamatakou E, Rubinsztein DC. Microglial-to-neuronal CCR5 signaling regulates autophagy in neurodegeneration. Neuron 2023; 111:2021-2037.e12. [PMID: 37105172 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
In neurodegenerative diseases, microglia switch to an activated state, which results in excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory factors. Our work aims to investigate how this paracrine signaling affects neuronal function. Here, we show that activated microglia mediate non-cell-autonomous inhibition of neuronal autophagy, a degradative pathway critical for the removal of toxic, aggregate-prone proteins accumulating in neurodegenerative diseases. We found that the microglial-derived CCL-3/-4/-5 bind and activate neuronal CCR5, which in turn promotes mTORC1 activation and disrupts autophagy and aggregate-prone protein clearance. CCR5 and its cognate chemokines are upregulated in the brains of pre-manifesting mouse models for Huntington's disease (HD) and tauopathy, suggesting a pathological role of this microglia-neuronal axis in the early phases of these diseases. CCR5 upregulation is self-sustaining, as CCL5-CCR5 autophagy inhibition impairs CCR5 degradation itself. Finally, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of CCR5 rescues mTORC1 hyperactivation and autophagy dysfunction, which ameliorates HD and tau pathologies in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Paola Festa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK
| | - Farah H Siddiqi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Jimenez-Sanchez
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK
| | - Hyeran Won
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK
| | - Matea Rob
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK
| | - Alvin Djajadikerta
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleanna Stamatakou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK.
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2
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Kazzi PE, Rabah N, Chamontin C, Poulain L, Ferron F, Debart F, Canard B, Missé D, Coutard B, Nisole S, Decroly E. Internal RNA 2′O-methylation in the HIV-1 genome counteracts ISG20 nuclease-mediated antiviral effect. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 51:2501-2515. [PMID: 36354007 PMCID: PMC10085690 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
RNA 2′O-methylation is a ‘self’ epitranscriptomic modification allowing discrimination between host and pathogen. Indeed, human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) induces 2′O-methylation of its genome by recruiting the cellular FTSJ3 methyltransferase, thereby impairing detection by RIG-like receptors. Here, we show that RNA 2′O-methylations interfere with the antiviral activity of interferon-stimulated gene 20-kDa protein (ISG20). Biochemical experiments showed that ISG20-mediated degradation of 2′O-methylated RNA pauses two nucleotides upstream of and at the methylated residue. Structure-function analysis indicated that this inhibition is due to steric clash between ISG20 R53 and D90 residues and the 2′O-methylated nucleotide. We confirmed that hypomethylated HIV-1 genomes produced in FTSJ3-KO cells were more prone to in vitro degradation by ISG20 than those produced in cells expressing FTSJ3. Finally, we found that reverse-transcription of hypomethylated HIV-1 was impaired in T cells by interferon-induced ISG20, demonstrating the direct antagonist effect of 2′O-methylation on ISG20-mediated antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila El Kazzi
- AFMB, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University , UMR 7257, Case 925, 163 Avenue de Luminy , 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Nadia Rabah
- AFMB, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University , UMR 7257, Case 925, 163 Avenue de Luminy , 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
- Université de Toulon , 83130 La Garde , France
| | - Célia Chamontin
- IRIM, CNRS UMR9004, Université de Montpellier , Montpellier , France
| | - Lina Poulain
- AFMB, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University , UMR 7257, Case 925, 163 Avenue de Luminy , 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - François Ferron
- AFMB, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University , UMR 7257, Case 925, 163 Avenue de Luminy , 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center , Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Françoise Debart
- IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier , ENSCM, Montpellier , France
| | - Bruno Canard
- AFMB, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University , UMR 7257, Case 925, 163 Avenue de Luminy , 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Dorothée Missé
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS , IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Coutard
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207) , Marseille , France
| | - Sébastien Nisole
- IRIM, CNRS UMR9004, Université de Montpellier , Montpellier , France
| | - Etienne Decroly
- AFMB, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University , UMR 7257, Case 925, 163 Avenue de Luminy , 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
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3
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Endogenous Peptide Inhibitors of HIV Entry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1366:65-85. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8702-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Recent Advances in the Discovery and Function of Antimicrobial Molecules in Platelets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910230. [PMID: 34638568 PMCID: PMC8508203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The conventional function described for platelets is maintaining vascular integrity. Nevertheless, increasing evidence reveals that platelets can additionally play a crucial role in responding against microorganisms. Activated platelets release molecules with antimicrobial activity. This ability was first demonstrated in rabbit serum after coagulation and later in rabbit platelets stimulated with thrombin. Currently, multiple discoveries have allowed the identification and characterization of PMPs (platelet microbicidal proteins) and opened the way to identify kinocidins and CHDPs (cationic host defense peptides) in human platelets. These molecules are endowed with microbicidal activity through different mechanisms that broaden the platelet participation in normal and pathologic conditions. Therefore, this review aims to integrate the currently described platelet molecules with antimicrobial properties by summarizing the pathways towards their identification, characterization, and functional evaluation that have promoted new avenues for studying platelets based on kinocidins and CHDPs secretion.
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5
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Umotoy JC, de Taeye SW. Antibody Conjugates for Targeted Therapy Against HIV-1 as an Emerging Tool for HIV-1 Cure. Front Immunol 2021; 12:708806. [PMID: 34276704 PMCID: PMC8282362 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.708806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) have significantly improved the life expectancy of people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) by suppressing HIV-1 replication, a cure for HIV/AIDS remains elusive. Recent findings of the emergence of drug resistance against various ART have resulted in an increased number of treatment failures, thus the development of novel strategies for HIV-1 cure is of immediate need. Antibody-based therapy is a well-established tool in the treatment of various diseases and the engineering of new antibody derivatives is expanding the realms of its application. An antibody-based carrier of anti-HIV-1 molecules, or antibody conjugates (ACs), could address the limitations of current HIV-1 ART by decreasing possible off-target effects, reduce toxicity, increasing the therapeutic index, and lowering production costs. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) with exceptional breadth and potency against HIV-1 are currently being explored to prevent or treat HIV-1 infection in the clinic. Moreover, bNAbs can be engineered to deliver cytotoxic or immune regulating molecules as ACs, further increasing its therapeutic potential for HIV-1 cure. ACs are currently an important component of anticancer treatment with several FDA-approved constructs, however, to date, no ACs are approved to treat viral infections. This review aims to outline the development of AC for HIV-1 cure, examine the variety of carriers and payloads used, and discuss the potential of ACs in the current HIV-1 cure landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Umotoy
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Steven W de Taeye
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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6
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Jørgensen AS, Daugvilaite V, De Filippo K, Berg C, Mavri M, Benned-Jensen T, Juzenaite G, Hjortø G, Rankin S, Våbenø J, Rosenkilde MM. Biased action of the CXCR4-targeting drug plerixafor is essential for its superior hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. Commun Biol 2021; 4:569. [PMID: 33980979 PMCID: PMC8115334 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the FDA-approval of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilizer plerixafor, orally available and potent CXCR4 antagonists were pursued. One such proposition was AMD11070, which was orally active and had superior antagonism in vitro; however, it did not appear as effective for HSC mobilization in vivo. Here we show that while AMD11070 acts as a full antagonist, plerixafor acts biased by stimulating β-arrestin recruitment while fully antagonizing G protein. Consequently, while AMD11070 prevents the constitutive receptor internalization, plerixafor allows it and thereby decreases receptor expression. These findings are confirmed by the successful transfer of both ligands' binding sites and action to the related CXCR3 receptor. In vivo, plerixafor exhibits superior HSC mobilization associated with a dramatic reversal of the CXCL12 gradient across the bone marrow endothelium, which is not seen for AMD11070. We propose that the biased action of plerixafor is central for its superior therapeutic effect in HSC mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid S Jørgensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Viktorija Daugvilaite
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katia De Filippo
- Department of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Berg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Unit for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Masa Mavri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tau Benned-Jensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Goda Juzenaite
- Department of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gertrud Hjortø
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Rankin
- Department of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Våbenø
- Helgeland Hospital Trust, Sandnessjøen, Norway.
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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7
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Armani-Tourret M, Zhou Z, Gasser R, Staropoli I, Cantaloube-Ferrieu V, Benureau Y, Garcia-Perez J, Pérez-Olmeda M, Lorin V, Puissant-Lubrano B, Assoumou L, Delaugerre C, Lelièvre JD, Lévy Y, Mouquet H, Martin-Blondel G, Alcami J, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Izopet J, Colin P, Lagane B. Mechanisms of HIV-1 evasion to the antiviral activity of chemokine CXCL12 indicate potential links with pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009526. [PMID: 33872329 PMCID: PMC8084328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infects CD4 T lymphocytes (CD4TL) through binding the chemokine receptors CCR5 or CXCR4. CXCR4-using viruses are considered more pathogenic, linked to accelerated depletion of CD4TL and progression to AIDS. However, counterexamples to this paradigm are common, suggesting heterogeneity in the virulence of CXCR4-using viruses. Here, we investigated the role of the CXCR4 chemokine CXCL12 as a driving force behind virus virulence. In vitro, CXCL12 prevents HIV-1 from binding CXCR4 and entering CD4TL, but its role in HIV-1 transmission and propagation remains speculative. Through analysis of thirty envelope glycoproteins (Envs) from patients at different stages of infection, mostly treatment-naïve, we first interrogated whether sensitivity of viruses to inhibition by CXCL12 varies over time in infection. Results show that Envs resistant (RES) to CXCL12 are frequent in patients experiencing low CD4TL levels, most often late in infection, only rarely at the time of primary infection. Sensitivity assays to soluble CD4 or broadly neutralizing antibodies further showed that RES Envs adopt a more closed conformation with distinct antigenicity, compared to CXCL12-sensitive (SENS) Envs. At the level of the host cell, our results suggest that resistance is not due to improved fusion or binding to CD4, but owes to viruses using particular CXCR4 molecules weakly accessible to CXCL12. We finally asked whether the low CD4TL levels in patients are related to increased pathogenicity of RES viruses. Resistance actually provides viruses with an enhanced capacity to enter naive CD4TL when surrounded by CXCL12, which mirrors their situation in lymphoid organs, and to deplete bystander activated effector memory cells. Therefore, RES viruses seem more likely to deregulate CD4TL homeostasis. This work improves our understanding of the pathophysiology and the transmission of HIV-1 and suggests that RES viruses' receptors could represent new therapeutic targets to help prevent CD4TL depletion in HIV+ patients on cART.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Viral Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Virology, INSERM U1108, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Romain Gasser
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Staropoli
- Viral Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Virology, INSERM U1108, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Yann Benureau
- Viral Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Virology, INSERM U1108, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Mayte Pérez-Olmeda
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valérie Lorin
- Laboratory of Humoral Immunology, Department of Immunology, INSERM U1222, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Lambert Assoumou
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Paris, France
| | | | | | - Yves Lévy
- Vaccine Research Institute, INSERM and APHP, Hôpital H. Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Laboratory of Humoral Immunology, Department of Immunology, INSERM U1222, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Martin-Blondel
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
- CHU de Toulouse, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Toulouse, France
| | - Jose Alcami
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jacques Izopet
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
- CHU de Toulouse, Laboratoire de virologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Colin
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Lagane
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
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8
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Scurci I, Akondi KB, Pinheiro I, Paolini-Bertrand M, Borgeat A, Cerini F, Hartley O. CCR5 tyrosine sulfation heterogeneity generates cell surface receptor subpopulations with different ligand binding properties. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129753. [PMID: 32991968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokine receptor tyrosine sulfation plays a key role in the binding of chemokines. It has been suggested that receptor sulfation is heterogeneous, but no experimental evidence has been provided so far. The potent anti-HIV chemokine analog 5P12-RANTES has been proposed to owe its inhibitory activity to a capacity to bind a larger pool of cell surface CCR5 receptors than native chemokines such as CCL5, but the molecular details underlying this phenomenon have not been elucidated. METHODS We investigated the CCR5 sulfation heterogeneity and the sensitivity of CCR5 ligands to receptor sulfation by performing ELISA assays on synthetic N-terminal sulfopeptides and by performing binding assays on CCR5-expressing cells under conditions that modulate CCR5 sulfation levels. RESULTS Two commonly used anti-CCR5 monoclonal antibodies with epitopes in the sulfated N-terminal domain of CCR5 show contrasting binding profiles on CCR5 sulfopeptides, incomplete competition with each other for cell surface CCR5, and opposing sensitivities to cellular treatments that affect CCR5 sulfation levels. 5P12-RANTES is less sensitive than native CCL5 to conditions that affect cellular CCR5 sulfation. CONCLUSIONS CCR5 sulfation is heterogeneous and this affects the binding properties of both native chemokines and antibodies. Enhanced capacity to bind to CCR5 is a component of the inhibitory mechanism of 5P12-RANTES. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE We provide the first experimental evidence for sulfation heterogeneity of chemokine receptors and its impact on ligand binding, a phenomenon that is important both for the understanding of chemokine cell biology and for the development of drugs that target chemokine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Scurci
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K B Akondi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - I Pinheiro
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Paolini-Bertrand
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Borgeat
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Cerini
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O Hartley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Orion Biotechnology, Avenue de Sécheron 15, 1202 Genève, Switzerland.
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9
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Cunha-Santos C, Perdigao PRL, Martin F, Oliveira JG, Cardoso M, Manuel A, Taveira N, Goncalves J. Inhibition of HIV replication through siRNA carried by CXCR4-targeted chimeric nanobody. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2859-2870. [PMID: 31641784 PMCID: PMC11104913 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) application in therapy still faces a major challenge with the lack of an efficient and specific delivery system. Current vehicles are often responsible for poor efficacy, safety concerns, and burden costs of siRNA-based therapeutics. Here, we describe a novel strategy for targeted delivery of siRNA molecules to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Specific membrane translocation of siRNA inhibitor was addressed by an engineered nanobody targeting the HIV co-receptor CXCR4 (NbCXCR4) in fusion with a single-chain variable fragment (4M5.3) that carried the FITC-conjugated siRNA. 4M5.3-NbCXCR4 conjugate (4M5.3X4) efficiently targeted CXCR4+ T lymphocytes, specifically translocating siRNA by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Targeted delivery of siRNA directed to the mRNA of HIV transactivator tat silenced Tat-driven viral transcription and inhibited the replication of distinct virus clades. In summary, we have shown that the engineered nanobody chimera developed in this study constitutes an efficient and specific delivery method of siRNAs through CXCR4 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Cunha-Santos
- Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Department, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Ricardo Lucas Perdigao
- Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Department, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Francisco Martin
- HIV Evolution, Epidemiology and Prevention Department, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Gomes Oliveira
- Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Department, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Cardoso
- Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Department, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Manuel
- Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Department, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno Taveira
- HIV Evolution, Epidemiology and Prevention Department, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Joao Goncalves
- Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Department, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
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10
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Rajendiran S, Smith-Berdan S, Kunz L, Risolino M, Selleri L, Schroeder T, Forsberg EC. Ubiquitous overexpression of CXCL12 confers radiation protection and enhances mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1159-1174. [PMID: 32442338 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12; aka SDF1α) is a major regulator of a number of cellular systems, including hematopoiesis, where it influences hematopoietic cell trafficking, proliferation, and survival during homeostasis and upon stress and disease. A variety of constitutive, temporal, ubiquitous, and cell-specific loss-of-function models have documented the functional consequences on hematopoiesis upon deletion of Cxcl12. Here, in contrast to loss-of-function experiments, we implemented a gain-of-function approach by generating a doxycycline-inducible transgenic mouse model that enables spatial and temporal overexpression of Cxcl12. We demonstrated that ubiquitous CXCL12 overexpression led to an increase in multipotent progenitors in the bone marrow and spleen. The CXCL12+ mice displayed reduced reconstitution potential as either donors or recipients in transplantation experiments. Additionally, we discovered that Cxcl12 overexpression improved hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell mobilization into the blood, and conferred radioprotection by promoting quiescence. Thus, this new CXCL12+ mouse model provided new insights into major facets of hematopoiesis and serves as a versatile resource for studying CXCL12 function in a variety of contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrithi Rajendiran
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Smith-Berdan
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Leo Kunz
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Risolino
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Institute of Human Genetics, Eli and Edyth Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Departments of Orofacial Sciences and Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Licia Selleri
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Institute of Human Genetics, Eli and Edyth Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Departments of Orofacial Sciences and Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Timm Schroeder
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - E Camilla Forsberg
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
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11
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Llorente García I, Marsh M. A biophysical perspective on receptor-mediated virus entry with a focus on HIV. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183158. [PMID: 31863725 PMCID: PMC7156917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As part of their entry and infection strategy, viruses interact with specific receptor molecules expressed on the surface of target cells. The efficiency and kinetics of the virus-receptor interactions required for a virus to productively infect a cell is determined by the biophysical properties of the receptors, which are in turn influenced by the receptors' plasma membrane (PM) environments. Currently, little is known about the biophysical properties of these receptor molecules or their engagement during virus binding and entry. Here we review virus-receptor interactions focusing on the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV), the etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), as a model system. HIV is one of the best characterised enveloped viruses, with the identity, roles and structure of the key molecules required for infection well established. We review current knowledge of receptor-mediated HIV entry, addressing the properties of the HIV cell-surface receptors, the techniques used to measure these properties, and the macromolecular interactions and events required for virus entry. We discuss some of the key biophysical principles underlying receptor-mediated virus entry and attempt to interpret the available data in the context of biophysical mechanisms. We also highlight crucial outstanding questions and consider how new tools might be applied to advance understanding of the biophysical properties of viral receptors and the dynamic events leading to virus entry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Marsh
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
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12
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Waldeck S, Rassner M, Keye P, Follo M, Herchenbach D, Endres C, Charlet A, Andrieux G, Salzer U, Boerries M, Duyster J, von Bubnoff N. CCL5 mediates target-kinase independent resistance to FLT3 inhibitors in FLT3-ITD-positive AML. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:779-794. [PMID: 31955503 PMCID: PMC7138400 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
FLT3‐ITD tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) show limited clinical activity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) due to emerging resistance. TKI resistance is mediated by secondary FLT3‐ITD mutations only in a minority of cases. We hypothesize that the cytokine CCL5 protects AML cells from TKI‐mediated cell death and contributes to treatment resistance. We generated PKC412‐ and sorafenib‐resistant MOLM‐13 cell lines as an in vitro model to study TKI resistance in AML. Increased CCL5 levels were detected in supernatants from PKC412‐resistant cell lines compared to TKI‐sensitive cells. Moreover, CCL5 treatment of TKI‐sensitive cells induced resistance to PKC412. In resistant cell lines with high CCL5 release, we observed a significant downregulation of the CCL5‐receptor CCR5 and CXCR4. In these cell lines, TKI resistance could be partly overcome by addition of the CXCR4‐receptor antagonist plerixafor. Microarray and intracellular flow cytometry analyses revealed increased p‐Akt or p‐Stat5 levels in PKC412‐resistant cell lines releasing high amounts of CCL5. Treatment with the CXCR4 antagonist plerixafor, αCCL5, or CCR5‐targeting siRNA led to a decrease of p‐Akt‐positive cells. Transient transfection of sensitive MOLM‐13 cells with a CCL5‐encoding vector mediated resistance against PKC412 and led to an increase in p‐Akt‐positive and p‐Stat5‐positive cells. Isolated AML blasts from patients treated with PKC412 revealed that CCL5 transcript levels increase significantly at relapse. Taken together, our findings indicate that CCL5 mediates resistance to FLT3‐TKIs in FLT3‐ITD‐mutated AML and could possibly serve as a biomarker to predict drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Waldeck
- Department of Medicine I (Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Rassner
- Department of Medicine I (Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philip Keye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Medicine I (Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Herchenbach
- Department of Medicine I (Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Endres
- Department of Medicine I (Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Charlet
- Department of Medicine I (Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Geoffroy Andrieux
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Salzer
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Medicine I (Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikolas von Bubnoff
- Department of Medicine I (Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, University of Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
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13
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CCR5: Established paradigms and new frontiers for a 'celebrity' chemokine receptor. Cytokine 2019; 109:81-93. [PMID: 29903576 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Because of the level of attention it received due to its role as the principal HIV coreceptor, CCR5 has been described as a 'celebrity' chemokine receptor. Here we describe the development of CCR5 inhibitory strategies that have been developed for HIV therapy and which are now additionally being considered for use in HIV prevention and cure. The wealth of CCR5-related tools that have been developed during the intensive investigation of CCR5 as an HIV drug target can now be turned towards the study of CCR5 as a model chemokine receptor. We also summarize what is currently known about the cell biology and pharmacology of CCR5, providing an update on new areas of investigation that have emerged in recent research. Finally, we discuss the potential of CCR5 as a drug target for diseases other than HIV, discussing the evidence linking CCR5 and its natural chemokine ligands with inflammatory diseases, particularly neuroinflammation, and certain cancers. These pathologies may provide new uses for the strategies for CCR5 blockade originally developed to combat HIV/AIDS.
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14
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Suttisintong K, Kaewchangwat N, Thanayupong E, Nerungsi C, Srikun O, Pungpo P. Recent Progress in the Development of HIV-1 Entry Inhibitors: From Small Molecules to Potent Anti-HIV Agents. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1599-1620. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190712204050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Viral entry, the first process in the reproduction of viruses, primarily involves attachment of the viral envelope proteins to membranes of the host cell. The crucial components that play an important role in viral entry include viral surface glycoprotein gp120, viral transmembrane glycoprotein gp41, host cell glycoprotein (CD4), and host cell chemokine receptors (CCR5 and CXCR4). Inhibition of the multiple molecular interactions of these components can restrain viruses, such as HIV-1, from fusion with the host cell, blocking them from reproducing. This review article specifically focuses on the recent progress in the development of small-molecule HIV-1 entry inhibitors and incorporates important aspects of their structural modification that lead to the discovery of new molecular scaffolds with more potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khomson Suttisintong
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology, Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Narongpol Kaewchangwat
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology, Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Eknarin Thanayupong
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology, Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chakkrapan Nerungsi
- The Government Pharmaceutical Organization, 75/1 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Onsiri Srikun
- The Government Pharmaceutical Organization, 75/1 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pornpan Pungpo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, 85 Sathonlamark Road, Warinchamrap, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
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15
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Díez-Fuertes F, De La Torre-Tarazona HE, Calonge E, Pernas M, Bermejo M, García-Pérez J, Álvarez A, Capa L, García-García F, Saumoy M, Riera M, Boland-Auge A, López-Galíndez C, Lathrop M, Dopazo J, Sakuntabhai A, Alcamí J. Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the ubxn6 gene with long-term non-progression phenotype in HIV-positive individuals. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 26:107-114. [PMID: 31158522 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The long-term non-progressors (LTNPs) are a heterogeneous group of HIV-positive individuals characterized by their ability to maintain high CD4+ T-cell counts and partially control viral replication for years in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. The present study aims to identify host single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with non-progression in a cohort of 352 individuals. METHODS DNA microarrays and exome sequencing were used for genotyping about 240 000 functional polymorphisms throughout more than 20 000 human genes. The allele frequencies of 85 LTNPs were compared with a control population. SNPs associated with LTNPs were confirmed in a population of typical progressors. Functional analyses in the affected gene were carried out through knockdown experiments in HeLa-P4, macrophages and dendritic cells. RESULTS Several SNPs located within the major histocompatibility complex region previously related to LTNPs were confirmed in this new cohort. The SNP rs1127888 (UBXN6) surpassed the statistical significance of these markers after Bonferroni correction (q = 2.11 × 10-6). An uncommon allelic frequency of rs1127888 among LTNPs was confirmed by comparison with typical progressors and other publicly available populations. UBXN6 knockdown experiments caused an increase in CAV1 expression and its accumulation in the plasma membrane. In vitro infection of different cell types with HIV-1 replication-competent recombinant viruses caused a reduction of the viral replication capacity compared with their corresponding wild-type cells expressing UBXN6. CONCLUSIONS A higher prevalence of Ala31Thr in UBXN6 was found among LTNPs within its N-terminal region, which is crucial for UBXN6/VCP protein complex formation. UBXN6 knockdown affected CAV1 turnover and HIV-1 replication capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Díez-Fuertes
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínic- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - H E De La Torre-Tarazona
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Calonge
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pernas
- Molecular Virology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Bermejo
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J García-Pérez
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Álvarez
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Capa
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - F García-García
- Unidad de Bioinformática y Bioestadística, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - M Saumoy
- HIV Unit, Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Riera
- Servicio de Medicina Interna-Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario "Son Espases", Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - A Boland-Auge
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - C López-Galíndez
- Molecular Virology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Lathrop
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - J Dopazo
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain; Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; INB-ELIXIR-es, FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - A Sakuntabhai
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - J Alcamí
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínic- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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Schmidt-Lucke C, Zobel T, Escher F, Tschöpe C, Lassner D, Kühl U, Gubbe K, Volk HD, Schultheiss HP. Human Parvovirus B19 (B19V) Up-regulates CXCR4 Surface Expression of Circulating Angiogenic Cells: Implications for Cardiac Ischemia in B19V Cardiomyopathy. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:456-465. [PMID: 28961998 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection and damage of circulating angiogenic cells (CAC) results in dysfunctional endogenous vascular repair (DEVR) with secondary end-organ damage. Trafficking of CAC is regulated by SDF-1α and the respective receptor CXCR4. We thus tested the hypothesis of a deregulated CXCR4/SDF-1α axis in symptomatic B19V-cardiomyopathy. Methods CAC were infected in vitro with B19V and transfected with B19V-components. Read-out were: CXCR4-expression and migratory capacity at increasing doses of SDF-1α. In 31 patients with chronic B19V-cardiomyopathy compared to 20 controls read-outs were from blood: migratory capacity, CXCR4 expression on CAC, serum SDF-1α; from cardiac biopsies: SDF-1α mRNA, HIF-1α mRNA, microvascular density, resident cardiac stem cells (CSC), transcardiac gradients of CAC. Results In vitro B19V-infected CAC showed up-regulation of surface CXCR4 with increased migratory capacity further enhanced by elevated SDF-1α concentrations. Overexpression of the B19V capsid protein VP2 was associated with this effect. Chronic B19V-cardiomyopathy patients showed increased numbers of ischaemia mobilised CAC but DEVR as well as diminished numbers of CAC after transcardiac passage. Cardiac microvascular density and CSC were significantly reduced in B19V-cardiomyopathy. Conclusions We thus conclude that B19V infection has a direct VP2-mediated negative impact on trafficking of CAC in the presence of impaired cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Schmidt-Lucke
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité-University Medicine.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-University Medicine.,Medico-academic Consultings (MEDIACC)
| | - Thomas Zobel
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité-University Medicine
| | - Felicitas Escher
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité-University Medicine.,Institut für Kardiale Diagnostik und Therapie, Berlin
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité-University Medicine.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-University Medicine
| | - Dirk Lassner
- Institut für Kardiale Diagnostik und Therapie, Berlin
| | - Uwe Kühl
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité-University Medicine
| | - Knut Gubbe
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, German Red Cross, Plauen
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-University Medicine.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinz-Peter Schultheiss
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité-University Medicine.,Institut für Kardiale Diagnostik und Therapie, Berlin
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17
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Caballero A, Mahn SA, Ali MS, Rogers MR, Marchese A. Heterologous regulation of CXCR4 lysosomal trafficking. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8023-8036. [PMID: 30936203 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling is regulated by members of the protein kinase C (PKC) and GPCR kinase (GRK) families, although the relative contribution of each to GPCR function varies among specific GPCRs. The CXC motif receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a member of the GPCR superfamily that binds the CXC motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), initiating signaling that is subsequently terminated in part by internalization and lysosomal degradation of CXCR4. The purpose of this study is to define the relative contribution of PKC and GRK to CXCR4 signaling attenuation by studying their effects on CXCR4 lysosomal trafficking and degradation. Our results demonstrate that direct activation of PKC via the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) mimics CXCL12-mediated desensitization, internalization, ubiquitination, and lysosomal trafficking of CXCR4. In agreement, heterologous activation of PKC by stimulating the chemokine receptor CXCR5 with its ligand, CXCL13, also mimics CXCL12-mediated desensitization, internalization, ubiquitination, and lysosomal degradation of CXCR4. Similar to CXCL12, PMA promotes PKC-dependent phosphorylation of serine residues within CXCR4 C-tail that are required for binding and ubiquitination by the E3 ubiquitin ligase AIP4 (atrophin-interacting protein 4). However, inhibition of PKC activity does not alter CXCL12-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of CXCR4, suggesting that other kinases are also required. Accordingly, siRNA-mediated depletion of GRK6 results in decreased degradation and ubiquitination of CXCR4. Overall, these results suggest that PKC and GRK6 contribute to unique aspects of CXCR4 phosphorylation and lysosomal degradation to ensure proper signal propagation and termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Caballero
- Department of Pharmacology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153
| | - Sarah A Mahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Mudassir S Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - M Rose Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Adriano Marchese
- Department of Pharmacology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153; Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226.
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Costa MJ, Kudaravalli J, Ma JT, Ho WH, Delaria K, Holz C, Stauffer A, Chunyk AG, Zong Q, Blasi E, Buetow B, Tran TT, Lindquist K, Dorywalska M, Rajpal A, Shelton DL, Strop P, Liu SH. Optimal design, anti-tumour efficacy and tolerability of anti-CXCR4 antibody drug conjugates. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2443. [PMID: 30792442 PMCID: PMC6384886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are promising therapies for haematological cancers. Historically, their therapeutic benefit is due to ADC targeting of lineage-restricted antigens. The C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is attractive for targeted therapy of haematological cancers, given its expression in multiple tumour types and role in cancer "homing" to bone marrow. However, CXCR4 is also expressed in haematopoietic cells and other normal tissues, raising safety challenges to the development of anti-CXCR4 ADCs for cancer treatment. Here, we designed the first anti-CXCR4 ADC with favourable therapeutic index, effective in xenografts of haematopoietic cancers resistant to standard of care and anti-CXCR4 antibodies. We screened multiple ADC configurations, by varying type of linker-payload, drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR), affinity and Fc format. The optimal ADC bears a non-cleavable linker, auristatin as payload at DAR = 4 and a low affinity antibody with effector-reduced Fc. Contrary to other drugs targeting CXCR4, anti-CXCR4 ADCs effectively eliminated cancer cells as monotherapy, while minimizing leucocytosis. The optimal ADC selectively eliminated CXCR4+ cancer cells in solid tumours, but showed limited toxicity to normal CXCR4+ tissues, sparing haematopoietic stem cells and progenitors. Our work provides proof-of-concept that through empirical ADC design, it is possible to target proteins with broad normal tissue expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Costa
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Oncology Research and Development, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 230 E Grand Ave, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - Jyothirmayee Kudaravalli
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Oncology Research and Development, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 230 E Grand Ave, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jing-Tyan Ma
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Oncology Research and Development, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 230 E Grand Ave, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Wei-Hsien Ho
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Oncology Research and Development, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 230 E Grand Ave, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,Alector, 151, Oyster Point Blvd, suite 300, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Kathy Delaria
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Oncology Research and Development, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 230 E Grand Ave, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,Grifols Diagnostic Solutions, 6455 Christie Ave B-334C, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Charles Holz
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Oncology Research and Development, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 230 E Grand Ave, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,Grifols Diagnostic Solutions, 6455 Christie Ave B-334C, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Angela Stauffer
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 10646 Science Center Dr, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Allison Given Chunyk
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 10646 Science Center Dr, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Qing Zong
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 10646 Science Center Dr, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Eileen Blasi
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 10646 Science Center Dr, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Bernard Buetow
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 10646 Science Center Dr, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Thomas-Toan Tran
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Oncology Research and Development, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 230 E Grand Ave, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Inc, 630 Gateway Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Kevin Lindquist
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Oncology Research and Development, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 230 E Grand Ave, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Magdalena Dorywalska
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Oncology Research and Development, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 230 E Grand Ave, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Arvind Rajpal
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Oncology Research and Development, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 230 E Grand Ave, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Rd suite A, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - David L Shelton
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Oncology Research and Development, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 230 E Grand Ave, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Pavel Strop
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Oncology Research and Development, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 230 E Grand Ave, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Rd suite A, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Shu-Hui Liu
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Oncology Research and Development, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 230 E Grand Ave, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.,Multitude Therapeutics, Abmart, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
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19
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Gong T, Yu Y, Yang B, Lin M, Huang JW, Cheng B, Ji C. Celecoxib suppresses cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma cell migration via inhibition of SDF1-induced endocytosis of CXCR4. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:8063-8071. [PMID: 30519048 PMCID: PMC6239104 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s180472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), the main type of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), contributes to 20-30% of the overall number of NMSC cases. Some CSCCs are observed to have metastatic potential induced by solar ultra violet (UV) radiation. Celecoxib, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been largely associated with prevention of many cancer types. However, the relationship between celecoxib and CSCC cell migration has yet to be determined. Methods To determine the association between celecoxib and CSCC, we performed a series of studies in human samples and in vitro models to assess the influence of celecoxib in CSCC cell migration. Results In the present study, we found that celecoxib suppresses CSCC cell migration via inhibition of SDF1-induced endocytosis of CXCR4. In addition, ERK/AKT signaling pathways were found to play a key role in this biological process. Conclusion Our study provides promising evidence that celecoxib could serve as a potential preventative agent for the metastasis of CSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gong
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Dermatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China, ;
| | - Jin-Wen Huang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China, ;
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China, ;
| | - Chao Ji
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China, ;
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20
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Obregon-Perko V, Hodara VL, Parodi LM, Giavedoni LD. Baboon CD8 T cells suppress SIVmac infection in CD4 T cells through contact-dependent production of MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES. Cytokine 2018; 111:408-419. [PMID: 29807688 PMCID: PMC6261791 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in rhesus macaques is often characterized by high viremia and CD4 T cell depletion. By contrast, SIV infection in African nonhuman primate natural hosts is typically nonpathogenic despite active viral replication. Baboons are abundant in Africa and have a geographical distribution that overlaps with natural hosts, but they do not harbor SIVs. Previous work has demonstrated baboons are resistant to chronic SIV infection and/or disease in vivo but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Using in vitro SIVmac infections, we sought to identify SIV restriction factors in baboons by comparing observations to the pathogenic rhesus macaque model. SIVmac replicated in baboon PBMC but had delayed kinetics compared to rhesus PBMC. However, SIVmac replication in baboon and rhesus isolated CD4 cells were similar to the kinetics seen for rhesus PBMC, demonstrating intracellular restriction factors do not play a strong role in baboon inhibition of SIVmac replication. Here, we show CD8 T cells contribute to the innate SIV-suppressive activity seen in naïve baboon PBMC. As one mechanism of restriction, we identified higher production of MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES by baboon PBMC. Contact between CD4 and CD8 T cells resulted in maximum production of these chemokines and suppression of viral replication, whereas neutralization of CCR5-binding chemokines in baboon PBMC increased viral loads. Our studies indicate baboon natural restriction of SIVmac replication is largely dependent on CD4-extrinsinc mechanisms mediated, in part, by CD8 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Obregon-Perko
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health, Long School of Medicine, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
| | - Vida L Hodara
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
| | - Laura M Parodi
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
| | - Luis D Giavedoni
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
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21
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Dinkel BA, Kremer KN, Rollins MR, Medlyn MJ, Hedin KE. GRK2 mediates TCR-induced transactivation of CXCR4 and TCR-CXCR4 complex formation that drives PI3Kγ/PREX1 signaling and T cell cytokine secretion. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14022-14039. [PMID: 30018141 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system includes abundant examples of biologically-relevant cross-regulation of signaling pathways by the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and the G protein-coupled chemokine receptor, CXCR4. TCR ligation induces transactivation of CXCR4 and TCR-CXCR4 complex formation, permitting the TCR to signal via CXCR4 to activate a phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger 1 protein (PREX1)-dependent signaling pathway that drives robust cytokine secretion by T cells. To understand this receptor heterodimer and its regulation, we characterized the molecular mechanisms required for TCR-mediated TCR-CXCR4 complex formation. We found that the cytoplasmic C-terminal domain of CXCR4 and specifically phosphorylation of Ser-339 within this region were required for TCR-CXCR4 complex formation. Interestingly, siRNA-mediated depletion of G protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK2) or inhibition by the GRK2-specific inhibitor, paroxetine, inhibited TCR-induced phosphorylation of CXCR4-Ser-339 and TCR-CXCR4 complex formation. Either GRK2 siRNA or paroxetine treatment of human T cells significantly reduced T cell cytokine production. Upstream, TCR-activated tyrosine kinases caused inducible tyrosine phosphorylation of GRK2 and were required for the GRK2-dependent events of CXCR4-Ser-339 phosphorylation and TCR-CXCR4 complex formation. Downstream of TCR-CXCR4 complex formation, we found that GRK2 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) were required for TCR-stimulated membrane recruitment of PREX1 and for stabilization of cytokine mRNAs and robust cytokine secretion. Together, our results identify a novel role for GRK2 as a target of TCR signaling that is responsible for TCR-induced transactivation of CXCR4 and TCR-CXCR4 complex formation that signals via PI3Kγ/PREX1 to mediate cytokine production. Therapeutic regulation of GRK2 or PI3Kγ may therefore be useful for limiting cytokines produced by T cell malignancies or autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney A Dinkel
- From the Mayo IMM Ph.D. Training Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, and.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Kimberly N Kremer
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Meagan R Rollins
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Michael J Medlyn
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Karen E Hedin
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
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22
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CCR5 Revisited: How Mechanisms of HIV Entry Govern AIDS Pathogenesis. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:2557-2589. [PMID: 29932942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR5 has been the focus of intensive studies since its role as a coreceptor for HIV entry was discovered in 1996. These studies lead to the development of small molecular drugs targeting CCR5, with maraviroc becoming in 2007 the first clinically approved chemokine receptor inhibitor. More recently, the apparent HIV cure in a patient transplanted with hematopoietic stem cells devoid of functional CCR5 rekindled the interest for inactivating CCR5 through gene therapy and pharmacological approaches. Fundamental research on CCR5 has also been boosted by key advances in the field of G-protein coupled receptor research, with the realization that CCR5 adopts a variety of conformations, and that only a subset of these conformations may be targeted by chemokine ligands. In addition, recent genetic and pathogenesis studies have emphasized the central role of CCR5 expression levels in determining the risk of HIV and SIV acquisition and disease progression. In this article, we propose to review the key properties of CCR5 that account for its central role in HIV pathogenesis, with a focus on mechanisms that regulate CCR5 expression, conformation, and interaction with HIV envelope glycoproteins.
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23
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Heon Lee I, Palombo MS, Zhang X, Szekely Z, Sinko PJ. Design and evaluation of a CXCR4 targeting peptide 4DV3 as an HIV entry inhibitor and a ligand for targeted drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 138:11-22. [PMID: 29894816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of utilizing the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR4 for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry inhibition and as an intracellular portal for targeted drug delivery was evaluated. Novel DV3 ligands (1DV3, 2DV3, and 4DV3) were designed, synthesized and conjugated to various probes (fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) or biotin) and cargos with sizes ranging from 10 to 50 nm (polyethylene glycol (PEG), streptavidin, and a polymeric nanoparticle). 4DV3 conjugated probes inhibited HIV-1 entry into the CXCR4-expressing reporter cell line TZM-bl (IC50 at 553 nM) whereas 1DV3 and 2DV3 did not. 4DV3 also inhibited binding of anti-CXCR4 antibody 44,708 to TZM-bl cells with nanomolar potency, while the small-molecule CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 did not. Molecular modeling suggested simultaneous binding of a single 4DV3 molecule to four CXCR4 molecules. Differences in CXCR4-binding sites could explain the discrete inhibitory effects observed for 4DV3, the 44,708 antibody and AMD3100. In the Sup-T1 cell chemotaxis assay, the 4DV3 ligand functioned as a CXCR4 allosteric enhancer. In addition, 4DV3 ligand-conjugated cargos with sizes ranging from 10 to 50 nm were taken up into CXCR4-expressing Sup-T1 and TZM-bl cells, demonstrating that CXCR4 could serve as a drug delivery portal for nanocarriers. The uptake of 4DV3 functionalized nanocarriers combined with the allosteric interaction with CXCR4 suggests enhanced endocytosis occurs when 4DV3 is the targeting ligand. The current results indicate that 4DV3 might serve as a prototype for a new type of dual function ligand, one that acts as a HIV-1 entry inhibitor and a CXCR4 drug delivery targeting ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Heon Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Matthew S Palombo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Zoltan Szekely
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Patrick J Sinko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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24
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Fievez V, Szpakowska M, Mosbah A, Arumugam K, Mathu J, Counson M, Beaupain N, Seguin-Devaux C, Deroo S, Baudy-Floc'h M, Chevigné A. Development of Mimokines, chemokine N terminus-based CXCR4 inhibitors optimized by phage display and rational design. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:343-357. [PMID: 29570832 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma0118-007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 (C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 also known as fusin or CD184 (cluster of differentiation 184)) is implicated in various biological and pathological processes of the hematopoietic and immune systems. CXCR4 is also one of the major coreceptors for HIV-1 entry into target cells and is overexpressed in many cancers, supporting cell survival, proliferation, and migration. CXCR4 is thus an extremely relevant drug target. Among the different strategies to block CXCR4, chemokine-derived peptide inhibitors hold great therapeutic potential. In this study, we used the N-terminus of vCCL2/vMIPII, a viral CXCR4 antagonist chemokine, as a scaffold motif to engineer and select CXCR4 peptide inhibitors, called Mimokines, which imitate the chemokine-binding mode but display an enhanced receptor affinity, antiviral properties, and receptor selectivity. We first engineered a Mimokine phage displayed library based on the first 21 residues of vCCL2, in which cysteine 11 and 12 were fully randomized and screened it against purified CXCR4 stabilized in liposomes. We identified Mimokines displaying up to 4-fold higher affinity for CXCR4 when compared to the reference peptide and fully protected MT-4 cells against HIV-1 infection. These selected Mimokines were then subjected to dimerization, D-amino acid, and aza-β3-amino acid substitution to further enhance their potency and selectivity. Optimized Mimokines exhibited up to 120-fold enhanced CXCR4 binding (range of 20 nM) and more than 200-fold improved antiviral properties (≤ 1 μM) compared to the parental Mimokines. Interestingly, these optimized Mimokines also showed up to 25-fold weaker affinity for ACKR3/CXCR7 and may therefore serve as lead compounds for further development of more selective CXCR4 peptide inhibitors and probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Fievez
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), House of BioHealth, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), House of BioHealth, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Amor Mosbah
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6226, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Karthik Arumugam
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), House of BioHealth, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Julie Mathu
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), House of BioHealth, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Manuel Counson
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), House of BioHealth, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Nadia Beaupain
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), House of BioHealth, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Carole Seguin-Devaux
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), House of BioHealth, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sabrina Deroo
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), House of BioHealth, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Andy Chevigné
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), House of BioHealth, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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25
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Mazzotti C, Gagliostro V, Bosisio D, Del Prete A, Tiberio L, Thelen M, Sozzani S. The Atypical Receptor CCRL2 (C-C Chemokine Receptor-Like 2) Does Not Act As a Decoy Receptor in Endothelial Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1233. [PMID: 29056935 PMCID: PMC5635198 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
C-C chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2) is a non-signaling seven-transmembrane domain (7-TMD) receptor related to the atypical chemokine receptor (ACKR) family. ACKRs bind chemokines but do not activate G protein-dependent signaling or cell functions. ACKRs were shown to regulate immune functions in vivo by their ability to scavenge chemokines from the local environment. This study was performed to investigate whether CCRL2 shares two of the main characteristics of ACKRs, namely the ability to internalize and scavenge the ligands. Cell membrane analysis of CCRL2-transfected cells revealed a weak, constitutive, ligand-independent internalization, and recycling of CCRL2, with a kinetics that was slower than those observed with ACKR3, a prototypic ACKR, or other chemotactic signaling receptors [i.e., chemokine-like receptor 1 and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2]. Intracellularly, CCRL2 colocalized with early endosome antigen 1-positive and Rab5-positive vesicles and with recycling compartments mainly characterized by Rab11-positive vesicles. CCRL2-transfected cells and activated mouse blood endothelial cells, that endogenously express CCRL2, were used to investigate the scavenging ability of CCRL2. These experiments confirmed the ability of CCRL2 to bind chemerin, the only recognized ligand, but excluded the ability of CCRL2 to perform scavenging. Collectively, these results identify unique functional properties for this member of the non-signaling 7-TMD receptor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mazzotti
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Gagliostro
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Bosisio
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Del Prete
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Laura Tiberio
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Silvano Sozzani
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Rozzano, Italy
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26
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Dynamics and function of CXCR4 in formation of the granule cell layer during hippocampal development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5647. [PMID: 28717168 PMCID: PMC5514042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05738-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the developing hippocampus, granule cell progenitors (GCPs) arising in the ventricular zone (VZ) migrate to the subpial region, and form the granule cell layer (GCL) of the dentate gyrus (DG). To understand the mechanism of GCL formation, we investigated the dynamics and function of CXCR4 which is expressed by the GCPs and is a receptor of the CXCL12 chemokine secreted by cells surrounding the DG. In the VZ, CXCR4 was expressed on the plasma membrane of the GCPs. During their migration and in the DG, CXCR4 was internalized and accumulated as puncta close to the centrosomes, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. Phosphatase analysis suggested that both phosphorylated and dephosphorylated CXCR4 exist on the plasma membrane, whereas CXCR4 in intracellular puncta was mainly dephosphorylated. Intraventricular administration of the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 resulted in the disappearance of CXCR4 expression from the intracellular puncta, and its appearance on the plasma membranes. Furthermore, AMD3100 treatment resulted in precocious differentiation, delayed migration, and ectopic GCPs. Taken together, these results suggest that during the development and migration of GCPs, CXCR4 on the plasma membrane is phosphorylated, internalized, sorted to the centrosomes, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes, and functionally regulates GCP differentiation, migration and positioning.
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27
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Wenzel ED, Bachis A, Avdoshina V, Taraballi F, Tasciotti E, Mocchetti I. Endocytic Trafficking of HIV gp120 is Mediated by Dynamin and Plays a Role in gp120 Neurotoxicity. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2017; 12:492-503. [PMID: 28349243 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-017-9739-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurons that endocytose the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) protein gp120 exhibit neurite retraction and activation of caspase-3, suggesting that the endocytic process may be crucial for gp120-mediated neuronal injury. The goal of this study is to demonstrate that internalization and accumulation of gp120 play a role in its neurotoxic effects. In mammalian cells, endocytosis is primarily a dynamin-dependent process. To establish whether gp120 is endocytosed in a dynamin-dependent manner, we used fibroblasts in which deletion of dynamins was induced by tamoxifen. We observed a robust reduction of intracellular gp120 immunoreactivity in tamoxifen-treated cells. To examine whether endocytosis of gp120 is crucial for its neurotoxic effect, we blocked gp120 internalization into primary rat cortical neurons by dynasore, an inhibitor of the dynamin GTP-ase activity. We found that dynasore blocks both gp120 internalization and neurotoxicity. We then utilized gp120-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles to deliver gp120 intracellularly. We established that once internalized, gp120 is neurotoxic regardless of chemokine receptor activation. Our data suggest that dynamin-dependent endocytosis of gp120 is critical for its neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Wenzel
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, EP09 New Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Alessia Bachis
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, EP09 New Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Valeria Avdoshina
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, EP09 New Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Italo Mocchetti
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, EP09 New Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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28
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Takayama Y, Aoki R, Uchida R, Tajima A, Aoki-Yoshida A. Role of CXC chemokine receptor type 4 as a lactoferrin receptor. Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 95:57-63. [PMID: 28075616 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin exerts its biological activities by interacting with receptors on target cells, including LDL receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1/CD91), intelectin-1 (omentin-1), and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). However, the effects mediated by these receptors are not sufficient to fully explain the many functions of lactoferrin. C-X-C-motif cytokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a ubiquitously expressed G-protein coupled receptor for stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12). Lactoferrin was found to be as capable as SDF-1 in blocking infection by an HIV variant that uses CXCR4 as a co-receptor (X4-tropic HIV), suggesting that lactoferrin interacts with CXCR4. We addressed whether CXCR4 acts as a lactoferrin receptor using HaCaT human keratinocytes and Caco-2 human intestinal cells. We found that bovine lactoferrin interacted with CXCR4-containing lipoparticles, and that this interaction was not antagonized by SDF-1. In addition, activation of Akt in response to lactoferrin was abrogated by AMD3100, a small molecule inhibitor of CXCR4, or by a CXCR4-neutralizing antibody, suggesting that CXCR4 functions as a lactoferrin receptor able to mediate activation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Lactoferrin stimulation mimicked many aspects of SDF-1-induced CXCR4 activity, including receptor dimerization, tyrosine phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Cycloheximide chase assays indicated that turnover of CXCR4 was accelerated in response to lactoferrin. These results indicate that CXCR4 is a potent lactoferrin receptor that mediates lactoferrin-induced activation of Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiharu Takayama
- a Functional Biomolecules Research Group, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Reiji Aoki
- a Functional Biomolecules Research Group, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Ryo Uchida
- a Functional Biomolecules Research Group, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.,b Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- b Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ayako Aoki-Yoshida
- a Functional Biomolecules Research Group, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.,c Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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29
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Godinho-Santos A, Hance AJ, Gonçalves J, Mammano F. CIB1 and CIB2 are HIV-1 helper factors involved in viral entry. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30927. [PMID: 27489023 PMCID: PMC4973253 DOI: 10.1038/srep30927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 relies on the host-cell machinery to accomplish its replication cycle, and characterization of these helper factors contributes to a better understanding of HIV-host interactions and can identify potential novel antiviral targets. Here we explored the contribution of CIB2, previously identified by RNAi screening as a potential helper factor, and its homolog, CIB1. Knockdown of either CIB1 or CIB2 strongly impaired viral replication in Jurkat cells and in primary CD4+ T-lymphocytes, identifying these proteins as non-redundant helper factors. Knockdown of CIB1 and CIB2 impaired envelope-mediated viral entry for both for X4- and R5-tropic HIV-1, and both cell-free and cell-associated entry pathways were affected. In contrast, the level of CIB1 and CIB2 expression did not influence cell viability, cell proliferation, receptor-independent viral binding to the cell surface, or later steps in the viral replication cycle. CIB1 and CIB2 knockdown was found to reduce the expression of surface molecules implicated in HIV-1 infection, including CXCR4, CCR5 and integrin α4β7, suggesting at least one mechanism through which these proteins promote viral infection. Thus, this study identifies CIB1 and CIB2 as host helper factors for HIV-1 replication that are required for optimal receptor-mediated viral entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Godinho-Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,INSERM, U941, Paris, F-75010, France
| | - Allan J Hance
- INSERM, U941, Paris, F-75010, France.,Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75475, Paris, France
| | - João Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fabrizio Mammano
- INSERM, U941, Paris, F-75010, France.,Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75475, Paris, France
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30
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Pollicita M, Ruff MR, Pert CB, Polianova MT, Schols D, Ranazzi A, Perno CF, Aquaro S. Profound Anti-HIV-1 Activity of DAPTA in Monocytes/macrophages and Inhibition of CCR5-mediated Apoptosis in Neuronal Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 18:285-95. [DOI: 10.1177/095632020701800504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes/macrophages (M/M) are strategic reservoirs of HIV-1, spreading the virus to other cells and inducing apoptosis in T-lymphocytes, astrocytes and neurons. M/M are commonly infected by R5 HIV-1 strains, which use the chemokine receptor CCR5. D-Ala-peptide T-amide (DAPTA), or Peptide T, named for its high threonine content (ASTTTNYT), is a synthetic peptide comprised of eight amino acids (185–192) of the gp120 V2 region and functions as a viral entry inhibitor by targeting selectively CCR5. The anti-HIV-1 activity of DAPTA was evaluated in M/M infected with R5 HIV-1 strains. DAPTA at 10−9M inhibited HIV-1 replication in M/M by >90%. PCR analysis of viral cDNA in M/M showed that DAPTA blocks HIV entry and in this way prevents HIV-1 infection. Moreover, DAPTA acts as a strong inhibitor and was more active than the non-peptidic CCR5 antagonist TAK-779 in inhibiting apoptosis (mediated by R5 HIV-1 strains produced and released by infected M/M) on a neuroblastoma cell line. Our results suggest that antiviral compounds which interfere with receptor mechanisms such as CCR5 could be important, either alone or in combination with other antiretroviral treatments, in preventing HIV infection in the central nervous system and the consequential neuronal damage that leads to neuronal AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pollicita
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Dominique Schols
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alessandro Ranazzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo-Federico Perno
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Aquaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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31
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Liebick M, Schläger C, Oppermann M. Analysis of Chemokine Receptor Trafficking by Site-Specific Biotinylation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157502. [PMID: 27310579 PMCID: PMC4911081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors undergo internalization and desensitization in response to ligand activation. Internalized receptors are either preferentially directed towards recycling pathways (e.g. CCR5) or sorted for proteasomal degradation (e.g. CXCR4). Here we describe a method for the analysis of receptor internalization and recycling based on specific Bir A-mediated biotinylation of an acceptor peptide coupled to the receptor, which allows a more detailed analysis of receptor trafficking compared to classical antibody-based detection methods. Studies on constitutive internalization of the chemokine receptors CXCR4 (12.1% ± 0.99% receptor internalization/h) and CCR5 (13.7% ± 0.68%/h) reveals modulation of these processes by inverse (TAK779; 10.9% ± 0.95%/h) or partial agonists (Met-CCL5; 15.6% ± 0.5%/h). These results suggest an actively driven internalization process. We also demonstrate the advantages of specific biotinylation compared to classical antibody detection during agonist-induced receptor internalization, which may be used for immunofluorescence analysis as well. Site-specific biotinylation may be applicable to studies on trafficking of transmembrane proteins, in general.
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MESH Headings
- Amides/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/isolation & purification
- Basophils/cytology
- Basophils/drug effects
- Basophils/metabolism
- Biotin/chemistry
- Biotin/metabolism
- Biotinylation
- CCR5 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases/genetics
- Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokine CCL5/pharmacology
- Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics
- Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Vectors/chemistry
- Genetic Vectors/metabolism
- Mice
- Protein Transport/drug effects
- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/pharmacology
- Rats
- Receptors, CXCR4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR5/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, CXCR5/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR5/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Liebick
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Christian Schläger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Martin Oppermann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
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32
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Choi WT, Yang Y, Xu Y, An J. Targeting chemokine receptor CXCR4 for treatment of HIV-1 infection, tumor progression, and metastasis. Curr Top Med Chem 2016; 14:1574-89. [PMID: 25159167 DOI: 10.2174/1568026614666140827143541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is required for the entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into target cells and for the development and dissemination of various types of cancers, including gastrointestinal, cutaneous, head and neck, pulmonary, gynecological, genitourinary, neurological, and hematological malignancies. The T-cell (T)-tropic HIV-1 strains use CXCR4 as the entry coreceptor; consequently, multiple CXCR4 antagonistic inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, other potential applications of CXCR4 antagonists have become apparent since its discovery in 1996. In fact, increasing evidence demonstrates that epithelial and hematopoietic tumor cells exploit the interaction between CXCR4 and its natural ligand, stromal cellderived factor (SDF)-1α, which normally regulates leukocyte migration. The CXCR4 and/or SDF-1α expression patterns in tumor cells also determine the sites of metastatic spread. In addition, the activation of CXCR4 by SDF-1α promotes invasion and proliferation of tumor cells, enhances tumor-associated neoangiogenesis, and assists in the degradation of the extracellular matrix and basement membrane. As such, the evaluation of CXCR4 and/or SDF-1α expression levels has a significant prognostic value in various types of malignancies. Several therapeutic challenges remain to be overcome before the use of CXCR4 inhibitors can be translated into clinical practice, but promising preclinical data demonstrate that CXCR4 antagonists can mobilize tumor cells from their protective microenvironments, interfere with their metastatic and tumorigenic potentials, and/or make tumor cells more susceptible to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jing An
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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33
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Glass JJ, Yuen D, Rae J, Johnston APR, Parton RG, Kent SJ, De Rose R. Human immune cell targeting of protein nanoparticles--caveospheres. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:8255-8265. [PMID: 27031090 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00506c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has the power to transform vaccine and drug delivery through protection of payloads from both metabolism and off-target effects, while facilitating specific delivery of cargo to immune cells. However, evaluation of immune cell nanoparticle targeting is conventionally restricted to monocultured cell line models. We generated human caveolin-1 nanoparticles, termed caveospheres, which were efficiently functionalized with monoclonal antibodies. Using this platform, we investigated CD4+ T cell and CD20+ B cell targeting within physiological mixtures of primary human blood immune cells using flow cytometry, imaging flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Antibody-functionalization enhanced caveosphere binding to targeted immune cells (6.6 to 43.9-fold) within mixed populations and in the presence of protein-containing fluids. Moreover, targeting caveospheres to CCR5 enabled caveosphere internalization by non-phagocytic CD4+ T cells--an important therapeutic target for HIV treatment. This efficient and flexible system of immune cell-targeted caveosphere nanoparticles holds promise for the development of advanced immunotherapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Glass
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Yuen
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - James Rae
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Angus P R Johnston
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia and Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Robert De Rose
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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34
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Palmesino E, Apuzzo T, Thelen S, Mueller B, Langen H, Thelen M. Association of eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF2B with fully solubilized CXCR4. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:971-8. [PMID: 26609049 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2ma0915-415r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are key regulators of leukocyte trafficking but also have an important role in development, tumor growth, and metastasis. Among the chemokine receptors, CXCR4 is the only one that leads to perinatal death when genetically ablated in mice, indicating a more-widespread function in development. To identify pathways that are activated downstream of CXCR4, a solubilization protocol was elaborated, which allows for the isolation of the endogenous receptor from human cells in its near-native conformation. Solubilized CXCR4 is recognized by the conformation-sensitive monoclonal antibody 12G5 and retains the ability to bind CXCL12 in solution, which was abolished in the presence of receptor antagonists. Mass spectrometry of CXCR4 immunoprecipitates revealed a specific interaction with the pentameric eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B. The observation that the addition of CXCL12 leads to the dissociation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B from CXCR4 suggests that stimulation of the receptor may trigger the local protein synthesis required for efficient cell movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Palmesino
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and
| | - Tiziana Apuzzo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and
| | - Sylvia Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and
| | - Bernd Mueller
- Protein and Metabolite Technologies, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Pharmaceutical Sciences Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hanno Langen
- Protein and Metabolite Technologies, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Pharmaceutical Sciences Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and
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35
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Borgmann K, Ghorpade A. HIV-1, methamphetamine and astrocytes at neuroinflammatory Crossroads. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1143. [PMID: 26579077 PMCID: PMC4621459 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As a popular psychostimulant, methamphetamine (METH) use leads to long-lasting, strong euphoric effects. While METH abuse is common in the general population, between 10 and 15% of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) patients report having abused METH. METH exacerbates the severity and onset of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) through direct and indirect mechanisms. Repetitive METH use impedes adherence to antiretroviral drug regimens, increasing the likelihood of HIV-1 disease progression toward AIDS. METH exposure also directly affects both innate and adaptive immunity, altering lymphocyte numbers and activity, cytokine signaling, phagocytic function and infiltration through the blood brain barrier. Further, METH triggers the dopamine reward pathway and leads to impaired neuronal activity and direct toxicity. Concurrently, METH and HIV-1 alter the neuroimmune balance and induce neuroinflammation, which modulates a wide range of brain functions including neuronal signaling and activity, glial activation, viral infection, oxidative stress, and excitotoxicity. Pathologically, reactive gliosis is a hallmark of both HIV-1- and METH-associated neuroinflammation. Significant commonality exists in the neurotoxic mechanisms for both METH and HAND; however, the pathways dysregulated in astroglia during METH exposure are less clear. Thus, this review highlights alterations in astrocyte intracellular signaling pathways, gene expression and function during METH and HIV-1 comorbidity, with special emphasis on HAND-associated neuroinflammation. Importantly, this review carefully evaluates interventions targeting astrocytes in HAND and METH as potential novel therapeutic approaches. This comprehensive overview indicates, without a doubt, that during HIV-1 infection and METH abuse, a complex dialog between all neural cells is orchestrated through astrocyte regulated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Borgmann
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Anuja Ghorpade
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth, TX, USA
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36
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van Gijsel-Bonnello M, Acar N, Molino Y, Bretillon L, Khrestchatisky M, de Reggi M, Gharib B. Pantethine Alters Lipid Composition and Cholesterol Content of Membrane Rafts, With Down-Regulation of CXCL12-Induced T Cell Migration. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2415-25. [PMID: 25728249 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pantethine, a natural low-molecular-weight thiol, shows a broad activity in a large range of essential cellular pathways. It has been long known as a hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic agent. We have recently shown that it exerts a neuroprotective action in mouse models of cerebral malaria and Parkinson's disease through multiple mechanisms. In the present study, we looked at its effects on membrane lipid rafts that serve as platforms for molecules engaged in cell activity, therefore providing a target against inappropriate cell response leading to a chronic inflammation. We found that pantethine-treated cells showed a significant change in raft fatty acid composition and cholesterol content, with ultimate downregulation of cell adhesion, CXCL12-driven chemotaxis, and transendothelial migration of various T cell types, including human Jurkat cell line and circulating effector T cells. The mechanisms involved include the alteration of the following: (i) CXCL12 binding to its target cells; (ii) membrane dynamics of CXCR4 and CXCR7, the two CXCL12 receptors; and (iii) cell redox status, a crucial determinant in the regulation of the chemokine system. In addition, we considered the linker for activation of T cells molecule to show that pantethine effects were associated with the displacement from the rafts of the acylated signaling molecules which had their palmitoylation level reduced.. In conclusion, the results presented here, together with previously published findings, indicate that due to its pleiotropic action, pantethine can downregulate the multifaceted process leading to pathogenic T cell activation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niyazi Acar
- INRA UMR 6265, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Yves Molino
- Vect-Horus, 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Max de Reggi
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, NICN UMR 7259, Marseille, France
| | - Bouchra Gharib
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, NICN UMR 7259, Marseille, France
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37
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Jarocha D, Zuba-Surma E, Majka M. Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) Increases Percentage of CXCR4(+) Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells, Their Responsiveness to an SDF-1 Gradient, Homing Capacities, and Survival. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:1247-57. [PMID: 26345294 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x689424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation of bone marrow (BM), mobilized peripheral blood (mPB), and cord blood (CB) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) is a routine procedure before transplantation. The most commonly used cryoprotectant for HSPCs is dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of DMSO on surface receptor expression and chemotactic activities of HSPCs. We found that 10 min of incubation of human mononuclear cells (MNCs) with 10% DMSO significantly increases the percentage of CXCR4(+), CD38(+), and CD34(+) cells, resulting in an increase of CD34(+), CD34(+)CXCR4(+), and CD34(+)CXCR4(+)CD38(-) subpopulations. Furthermore, DMSO significantly increased chemotactic responsiveness of MNCs and CXCR4(+) human hematopoietic Jurkat cell line to a stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) gradient. Furthermore, we demonstrated enhanced chemotaxis of human clonogenic progenitor cells to an SDF-1 gradient, which suggests that DMSO directly enhances the chemotactic responsiveness of early human progenitors. DMSO preincubation also caused lower internalization of the CXCR4 receptor. In parallel experiments, we found that approximately 30% more of DMSO-preincubated human CD45(+) and CD45(+)CD34(+) cells homed to the mouse BM 24 h after transplantation in comparison to control cells. Finally, we demonstrated considerably higher (25 days) survival of mice transplanted with DMSO-exposed MNCs than those transplanted with the control cells. We show in this study an unexpected beneficial influence of DMSO on HSPC homing and suggest that a short priming with DMSO before transplantation could be considered a new strategy to enhance cell homing and engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Jarocha
- Department of Transplantation, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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38
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Wimmers F, Aarntzen EHJG, Duiveman-deBoer T, Figdor CG, Jacobs JFM, Tel J, de Vries IJM. Long-lasting multifunctional CD8 + T cell responses in end-stage melanoma patients can be induced by dendritic cell vaccination. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1067745. [PMID: 26942087 PMCID: PMC4760336 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1067745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T cells are considered crucial for antitumor immunity and their induction is the aim of various immunotherapeutic strategies. High frequencies of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells alone, however, are no guarantee for long-term tumor control. Here, we analyzed the functionality of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in melanoma patients upon dendritic cell vaccination by measuring multiple T cell effector functions considered crucial for anticancer immunity, including the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and cytotoxic markers (IFNγ, TNFα, IL-2, CCL4, CD107a). We identified small numbers of multifunctional (polyfunctional) tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in several patients and dendritic cell therapy was able to improve the functionality of these pre-existing tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. Generated multifunctional CD8+ T cell responses could persist for up to ten years and within the same patient functionality could vary greatly for the different vaccination antigens. Importantly, after one cycle of DC vaccination highly functional CD8+ T cells were only detected in patients displaying prolonged overall survival. Our results shed light on the dynamics of multifunctional tumor-specific CD8+ T cells during metastatic melanoma and reveal a new feature of dendritic cell vaccination in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Wimmers
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherands
| | - Erik H J G Aarntzen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherands
| | - Tjitske Duiveman-deBoer
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherands
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherands
| | - Joannes F M Jacobs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jurjen Tel
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherands
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherands; Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherands
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39
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Shimura K, Miyazato P, Oishi S, Fujii N, Matsuoka M. Impact of HIV-1 infection pathways on susceptibility to antiviral drugs and on virus spread. Virology 2015; 484:364-376. [PMID: 26186575 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The infection routes of HIV-1 can affect several viral properties, including dissemination, pathogenesis, and immune evasion. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory activity of a wide variety of anti-HIV drugs, focusing on the impact that different infection pathways have on their efficacy. Compared to cell-free infection, inhibitory activities were reduced in cell-to-cell productive transmission for all drugs tested. We detected weak reporter-expressing target cells after cell-to-cell transmission in the presence of integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs). Further analysis revealed that this expression was mainly due to unintegrated circular HIV (cHIV) DNAs, consisting of 1-LTR and 2-LTR circles. When in vitro-constructed cHIV DNAs were introduced into cells, the production of infectious and intercellular transmittable virions was observed, suggesting that cHIV DNA could be a source of infectious virus. These results highlight some advantages of the cell-to-cell infection mode for viral expansion, particularly in the presence of anti-retroviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Shimura
- Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Paola Miyazato
- Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Oishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Fujii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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40
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Arenzana-Seisdedos F. SDF-1/CXCL12: A Chemokine in the Life Cycle of HIV. Front Immunol 2015; 6:256. [PMID: 26097474 PMCID: PMC4456947 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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41
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Karpova D, Bonig H. Concise Review: CXCR4/CXCL12 Signaling in Immature Hematopoiesis--Lessons From Pharmacological and Genetic Models. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2391-9. [PMID: 25966814 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dominant, although nonexclusive roles of CXCR4 and its chief ligand CXCL12 in bone marrow (BM) retention and preservation of the relative quiescence of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), along with their involvement in human immunodeficiency virus infection, in trafficking of mature hematopoietic cells to sites of inflammation and in orderly migration of nonhematopoietic cells during embryogenesis, explain the significant interest of the scientific community in the mode of action of this receptor-ligand pair. In this focused review, we seek to distil from the large body of information that has become available over the years some of the key findings about the role of CXCR4/CXCL12 in normal immature hematopoiesis. It is hoped that understanding the mechanistic insights gained there from will help generate hypotheses about potential avenues in which cancer/leukemia cell behavior can be modified by interference with this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Karpova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Halvard Bonig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Red Cross Blood Service BaWüHe, Institute Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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42
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Huang K, Kiefer C, Kamal A. Novel role for NFAT3 in ERK-mediated regulation of CXCR4. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115249. [PMID: 25514788 PMCID: PMC4267837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The G-protein coupled chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor CXCR4 is linked to cancer, HIV, and WHIM (Warts, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Infections, and Myelokathexis) syndrome. While CXCR4 is reported to be overexpressed in multiple human cancer types and many hematological cancer cell lines, we have observed poor in vitro cell surface expression of CXCR4 in many solid tumor cell lines. We explore further the possible factors and pathways involved in regulating CXCR4 expression. Here, we showed that MEK-ERK signaling pathway and NFAT3 transcriptional factor plays a novel role in regulating CXCR4 expression. When cultured as 3D spheroids, HeyA8 ovarian tumor cells showed a dramatic increase in surface CXCR4 protein levels as well as mRNA transcripts. Furthermore, HeyA8 3D spheroids showed a decrease in phospho-ERK levels when compared to adherent cells. The treatment of adherent HeyA8 cells with an inhibitor of the MEK-ERK pathway, U0126, resulted in a significant increase in surface CXCR4 expression. Additional investigation using the PCR array assay comparing adherent to 3D spheroid showed a wide range of transcription factors being up-regulated, most notably a > 20 fold increase in NFAT3 transcription factor mRNA. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis showed that direct binding of NFAT3 on the CXCR4 promoter corresponds to increased CXCR4 expression in HeyA8 ovarian cell line. Taken together, our results suggest that high phospho-ERK levels and NFAT3 expression plays a novel role in regulating CXCR4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keven Huang
- Department of Oncology Research, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Christine Kiefer
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Adeela Kamal
- Department of Oncology Research, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
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Min A, Lee YA, Kim KA, El-Benna J, Shin MH. NOX2-derived ROS-mediated surface translocation of BLT1 is essential for exocytosis in human eosinophils induced by LTB4. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2014; 165:40-51. [PMID: 25323785 DOI: 10.1159/000366277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a proinflammatory lipid mediator that elicits eosinophil exocytosis, leading to allergic inflammation. However, the detailed intracellular signaling mechanisms of eosinophil exocytosis induced by LTB4 are poorly understood. Herein, we report that NADPH oxidase (NOX)2-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated BLT1 migration to the cell surface is required for exocytosis in human eosinophils induced by LTB4. METHODS Peripheral blood eosinophils were purified and stimulated for up to 60 min with LTB4. The signaling role of NOX2-derived ROS in BLT1-dependent exocytosis in LTB4-stimulated eosinophils was investigated. RESULTS Stimulating eosinophils with LTB4 induced intracellular ROS production and surface upregulation of the exocytosis marker protein CD63 via BLT1-mediated signaling. LTB4 induced p47(phox) phosphorylation and 91(phox) expression required for NOX2 activation in a BLT1-dependent manner. Pretreatment with NOX2 inhibitors, but not mitochondria inhibitor, prevented LTB4-induced ROS generation and exocytosis. At 30 min after stimulation with LTB4, BLT1 expression at the cell surface was upregulated. LTB4-triggered surface upregulation of BLT1 was also blocked by inhibition of ROS generation with NOX2 inhibitors. Moreover, stimulation for 30 min with LTB4 resulted in the interaction of BLT1 with NOX2 by immunoprecipitation. LTB4-induced ROS generation, surface upregulation of BLT1 and exocytosis was also inhibited by pretreatment with a lipid raft disruptor, protein kinase C inhibitor, or Src kinase inhibitor. CONCLUSION These results suggest that NOX2-derived ROS-mediated BLT1 trafficking to the cell surface plays a key role in the exocytosis of human eosinophils induced by LTB4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arim Min
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hartimath SV, van Waarde A, Dierckx RAJO, de Vries EFJ. Evaluation of N-[(11)C]methyl-AMD3465 as a PET tracer for imaging of CXCR4 receptor expression in a C6 glioma tumor model. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3810-7. [PMID: 25094028 DOI: 10.1021/mp500398r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 play an important role in tumor progression and metastasis. CXCR4 receptors are expressed by many cancer types and provide a potential target for treatment. Noninvasive detection of CXCR4 may aid diagnosis and improve therapy selection. It has been demonstrated in preclinical studies that positron emission tomography (PET) with a radiolabeled small molecule could enable noninvasive monitoring of CXCR4 expression. Here, we prepared N-[(11)C]methyl-AMD3465 as a new PET tracer for CXCR4. N-[(11)C]Methyl-AMD3465 was readily prepared by N-methylation with [(11)C]CH3OTf. The tracer was obtained in a 60 ± 2% yield (decay corrected), the purity of the tracer was >99%, and specific activity was 47 ± 14 GBq/μmol. Tracer stability was tested in vitro using liver microsomes and rat plasma; excellent stability was observed. The tracer was evaluated in rat C6 glioma and human PC-3 cell lines. In vitro cellular uptake of N-[(11)C]methyl-AMD3465 was receptor mediated. The effect of transition metal ions (Cu(2+), Ni(2+), and Zn(2+)) on cellular binding was examined in C6 cells, and the presence of these ions increased the cellular binding of the tracer 9-, 7-, and 3-fold, respectively. Ex vivo biodistribution and PET imaging of N-[(11)C]methyl-AMD3465 were performed in rats with C6 tumor xenografts. Both PET and biodistribution studies demonstrated specific accumulation of the tracer in the tumor (SUV 0.6 ± 0.2) and other CXCR4 expressing organs, such as lymph node (1.5 ± 0.2), liver (8.9 ± 1.0), bone marrow (1.0 ± 0.3), and spleen (1.0 ± 0.1). Tumor uptake was significantly reduced (66%, p < 0.01) after pretreatment with Plerixafor (AMD3100). Biodistribution data indicates a tumor-to-muscle ratio of 7.85 and tumor-to-plasma ratio of 1.14, at 60 min after tracer injection. Our data demonstrated that N-[(11)C]methyl-AMD3465 is capable of detecting physiologic CXCR4 expression in tumors and other CXCR4 expressing tissues. These results warrant further evaluation of N-[(11)C]methyl-AMD3465 as a potential PET tracer for CXCR4 receptor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Hartimath
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen , University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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Srinivasan A, Panetta JC, Cross SJ, Pillai A, Triplett BM, Shook DR, Dallas MH, Hartford C, Sunkara A, Kang G, Jacobsen J, Choi J, Leung W. Phase I study of the safety and pharmacokinetics of plerixafor in children undergoing a second allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for relapsed or refractory leukemia. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2014; 20:1224-8. [PMID: 24769325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The safety, pharmacokinetics, and biological effect of plerixafor in children as part of a conditioning regimen for chemo-sensitization in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have not been studied. This is a phase I study of plerixafor designed to evaluate its tolerability at dose of .24 mg/kg given intravenously on day -4 (level 1); day -4 and day -3 (level 2); or day -4, day -3, and day -2 (level 3) in combination with fludarabine, thiotepa, melphalan, and rabbit antithymocytic globulin for a second allogeneic HSCT in children with refractory or relapsed leukemia. Immunophenotype analysis was performed on blood and bone marrow before and after plerixafor administration. Twelve patients were enrolled. Plerixafor at all 3 levels was well tolerated without dose-limiting toxicity. Transient gastrointestinal side effects of National Cancer Institute-grade 1 or 2 in severity were the most common adverse events. The area under the concentration-time curve increased proportionally to the dose level. Plerixafor clearance was higher in males and increased linearly with body weight and glomerular filtration rate. The clearance decreased and the elimination half-life increased significantly from dose level 1 to 3 (P < .001). Biologically, the proportion of CXCR4(+) blasts and lymphocytes both in the bone marrow and peripheral blood increased after plerixafor administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Srinivasan
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
| | - John C Panetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Shane J Cross
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Asha Pillai
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Brandon M Triplett
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - David R Shook
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Mari H Dallas
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Christine Hartford
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Anusha Sunkara
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Guolian Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey Jacobsen
- Department of Pathology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - John Choi
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Wing Leung
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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Penzo M, Habiel DM, Ramadass M, Kew RR, Marcu KB. Cell migration to CXCL12 requires simultaneous IKKα and IKKβ-dependent NF-κB signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:1796-1804. [PMID: 24747690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CXCL12 and its unique receptor CXCR4, is critical for the homing of a variety of cell lineages during both development and tissue repair. CXCL12 is particularly important for the recruitment of hemato/lymphopoietic cells to their target organs. In conjunction with the damage-associated alarmin molecule HMGB1, CXCL12 mediates immune effector and stem/progenitor cell migration towards damaged tissues for subsequent repair. Previously, we showed that cell migration to HMGB1 simultaneously requires both IKKβ and IKKα-dependent NF-κB activation. IKKβ-mediated activation maintains sufficient expression of HMGB1's receptor RAGE, while IKKα-dependent NF-κB activation ensures continuous production of CXCL12, which complexes with HMGB1 to engage CXCR4. Here using fibroblasts and primary mature macrophages, we show that IKKβ and IKKα are simultaneously essential for cell migration in response to CXCL12 alone. Non-canonical NF-κB pathway subunits RelB and p52 are also both essential for cell migration towards CXCL12, suggesting that IKKα is required to drive non-canonical NF-κB signaling. Flow cytometric analyses of CXCR4 expression show that IKKβ, but not IKKα, is required to maintain a critical threshold level of this CXCL12 receptor. Time-lapse video microscopy experiments in primary MEFs reveal that IKKα is required both for polarization of cells towards a CXCL12 gradient and to establish a basal level of velocity towards CXCL12. In addition, CXCL12 modestly up-regulates IKKα-dependent p52 nuclear translocation and IKKα-dependent expression of the CXCL12 gene. On the basis of our collective results we posit that IKKα is needed to maintain the basal expression of a critical protein co-factor required for cell migration to CXCL12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Penzo
- CRBA Laboratory and Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, USA
| | - David M Habiel
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794 USA
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Mahalakshmi Ramadass
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794 USA
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Richard R Kew
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794 USA
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Kenneth B Marcu
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology Dept., Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794 USA
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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Ray-Saha S, Huber T, Sakmar TP. Antibody epitopes on g protein-coupled receptors mapped with genetically encoded photoactivatable cross-linkers. Biochemistry 2014; 53:1302-10. [PMID: 24490954 PMCID: PMC3985944 DOI: 10.1021/bi401289p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We
developed a strategy for creating epitope maps of monoclonal
antibodies (mAbs) that bind to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)
containing photo-cross-linkers. Using human CXC chemokine receptor
4 (CXCR4) as a model system, we genetically incorporated the photolabile
unnatural amino acid p-azido-l-phenylalanine
(azF) at various positions within extracellular loop 2 (EC2). We then
mapped the interactions of the azF-CXCR4 variants with mAb 12G5 using
targeted loss-of-function studies and photo-cross-linking in whole
cells in a microplate-based format. We used a novel variation of a
whole cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantitate cross-linking
efficiency. 12G5 cross-linked primarily to residues 184, 178, and
189 in EC2 of CXCR4. Mapping of the data to the crystal structure
of CXCR4 showed a distinct mAb epitope footprint with the photo-cross-linked
residues clustered around the loss-of-function sites. We also used
the targeted photo-cross-linking approach to study the interaction
of human CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) with PRO 140, a humanized
mAb that inhibits human immunodeficiency virus-1 cellular entry, and
2D7. The mAbs produced distinct cross-linking patterns on EC2 of CCR5.
PRO 140 cross-linked primarily to residues 174 and 175 at the amino-terminal
end of EC2, and 2D7 cross-linked mainly to residues 170, 176, and
184. These results were mapped to the recent crystal structure of
CCR5 in complex with maraviroc, showing cross-linked residues at the
tip of the maraviroc binding crevice formed by EC2. As a strategy
for mapping mAb epitopes on GPCRs, our targeted photo-cross-linking
method is complementary to loss-of-function mutagenesis results and
should be especially useful for studying mAbs with discontinuous epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Ray-Saha
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University , 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
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Large-scale nucleotide optimization of simian immunodeficiency virus reduces its capacity to stimulate type I interferon in vitro. J Virol 2014; 88:4161-72. [PMID: 24478441 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03223-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lentiviral RNA genomes present a strong bias in their nucleotide composition with extremely high frequencies of A nucleotide in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Based on the observation that human optimization of RNA virus gene fragments may abolish their ability to stimulate the type I interferon (IFN-I) response, we identified the most biased sequences along the SIV genome and showed that they are the most potent IFN-I stimulators. With the aim of designing an attenuated SIV genome based on a reduced capacity to activate the IFN-I response, we synthesized artificial SIV genomes whose biased sequences were optimized toward macaque average nucleotide composition without altering their regulatory elements or amino acid sequences. A synthetic SIV optimized with 169 synonymous mutations in gag and pol genes showed a 100-fold decrease in replicative capacity. Interestingly, a synthetic SIV optimized with 70 synonymous mutations in pol had a normal replicative capacity. Its ability to stimulate IFN-I was reduced when infected cells were cocultured with reporter cells. IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) transcription factor was required for IFN-I stimulation, implicating cytosolic sensors in the detection of SIV-biased RNA in infected cells. No reversion of introduced mutations was observed for either of the optimized viruses after 10 serial passages. In conclusion, we have designed large-scale nucleotide-modified SIVs that may display attenuated pathogenic potential. IMPORTANCE In this study, we synthesized artificial SIV genomes in which the most hyperbiased sequences were optimized to bring them closer to the nucleotide composition of the macaque SIV host. Interestingly, we generated a stable synthetic SIV optimized with 70 synonymous mutations in pol gene, which had a normal replicative capacity but a reduced ability to stimulate type I IFN. This demonstrates the possibility to rationally change viral nucleotide composition to design replicative and genetically stable lentiviruses with attenuated pathogenic potentials.
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Barmania F, Pepper MS. C-C chemokine receptor type five (CCR5): An emerging target for the control of HIV infection. Appl Transl Genom 2013; 2:3-16. [PMID: 27942440 PMCID: PMC5133339 DOI: 10.1016/j.atg.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
When HIV was initially discovered as the causative agent of AIDS, many expected to find a vaccine within a few years. This has however proven to be elusive; it has been approximately 30 years since HIV was first discovered, and a suitable vaccine is still not in effect. In 2009, a paper published by Hutter et al. reported on a bone marrow transplant performed on an HIV positive individual using stem cells that were derived from a donor who was homozygous for a mutation in the CCR5 gene known as CCR5 delta-32 (Δ32) (Hütter et al., 2009). The HIV positive individual became HIV negative and remained free of viral detection after transplantation despite having halted anti-retroviral (ARV) treatment. This review will focus on CCR5 as a key component in HIV immunity and will discuss the role of CCR5 in the control of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael S. Pepper
- Corresponding author at: Dept. of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, P.O. Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. Tel.: + 27 12 319 2190; fax: + 27 12 319 2946.
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Santa-Marta M, de Brito PM, Godinho-Santos A, Goncalves J. Host Factors and HIV-1 Replication: Clinical Evidence and Potential Therapeutic Approaches. Front Immunol 2013; 4:343. [PMID: 24167505 PMCID: PMC3807056 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV and human defense mechanisms have co-evolved to counteract each other. In the process of infection, HIV takes advantage of cellular machinery and blocks the action of the host restriction factors (RF). A small subset of HIV+ individuals control HIV infection and progression to AIDS in the absence of treatment. These individuals known as long-term non-progressors (LNTPs) exhibit genetic and immunological characteristics that confer upon them an efficient resistance to infection and/or disease progression. The identification of some of these host factors led to the development of therapeutic approaches that attempted to mimic the natural control of HIV infection. Some of these approaches are currently being tested in clinical trials. While there are many genes which carry mutations and polymorphisms associated with non-progression, this review will be specifically focused on HIV host RF including both the main chemokine receptors and chemokines as well as intracellular RF including, APOBEC, TRIM, tetherin, and SAMHD1. The understanding of molecular profiles and mechanisms present in LTNPs should provide new insights to control HIV infection and contribute to the development of novel therapies against AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Santa-Marta
- URIA-Centro de Patogénese Molecular, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal ; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
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