1
|
Cen Y, Li F, Li Y, Zhang K, Riaz F, Zhao K, Wei P, Pan F. Dimethyl fumarate alleviates allergic asthma by strengthening the Nrf2 signaling pathway in regulatory T cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1375340. [PMID: 38711519 PMCID: PMC11070462 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1375340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a widely prevalent inflammatory condition affecting people across the globe. T cells and their secretory cytokines are central to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Here, we have evaluated the anti-inflammatory impact of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) in allergic asthma with more focus on determining its effect on T cell responses in allergic asthma. By utilizing the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma model, we observed that DMF administration reduced the allergic asthma symptoms and IgE levels in the OVA-induced mice model. Histopathological analysis showed that DMF treatment in an OVA-induced animal model eased the inflammation in the nasal and bronchial tissues, with a particular decrease in the infiltration of immune cells. Additionally, RT-qPCR analysis exhibited that treatment of DMF in an OVA-induced model reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokine (IL4, IL13, and IL17) while augmenting anti-inflammatory IL10 and Foxp3 (forkhead box protein 3). Mechanistically, we found that DMF increased the expression of Foxp3 by exacerbating the expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and the in-vitro activation of Foxp3+ Tregs leads to an escalated expression of Nrf2. Notably, CD4-specific Nrf2 deletion intensified the allergic asthma symptoms and reduced the in-vitro iTreg differentiation. Meanwhile, DMF failed to exert protective effects on OVA-induced allergic asthma in CD4-specific Nrf2 knock-out mice. Overall, our study illustrates that DMF enhances Nrf2 signaling in T cells to assist the differentiation of Tregs, which could improve the anti-inflammatory immune response in allergic asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Cen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yikui Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaimin Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Farooq Riaz
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kuaile Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Pan
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sumi MP, Westcott R, Stuehr E, Ghosh C, Stuehr DJ, Ghosh A. Regional variations in allergen-induced airway inflammation correspond to changes in soluble guanylyl cyclase heme and expression of heme oxygenase-1. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23572. [PMID: 38512139 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301626rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by airway remodeling and hyperreactivity. Our earlier studies determined that the nitric oxide (NO)-soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC)-cGMP pathway plays a significant role in human lung bronchodilation. However, this bronchodilation is dysfunctional in asthma due to high NO levels, which cause sGC to become heme-free and desensitized to its natural activator, NO. In order to determine how asthma impacts the various lung segments/lobes, we mapped the inflammatory regions of lungs to determine whether such regions coincided with molecular signatures of sGC dysfunction. We demonstrate using murine models of asthma (OVA and CFA/HDM) that the inflamed segments of these murine lungs can be tracked by upregulated expression of HO1 and these regions in turn overlap with regions of heme-free sGC as evidenced by a decreased sGC-α1β1 heterodimer and an increased response to heme-independent sGC activator, BAY 60-2770, relative to naïve uninflamed regions. We also find that NO generated from iNOS upregulation in the inflamed segments has a higher impact on developing heme-free sGC as increasing iNOS activity correlates linearly with elevated heme-independent sGC activation. This excess NO works by affecting the epithelial lung hemoglobin (Hb) to become heme-free in asthma, thereby causing the Hb to lose its NO scavenging function and exposing the underlying smooth muscle sGC to excess NO, which in turn becomes heme-free. Recognition of these specific lung segments enhances our understanding of the inflamed lungs in asthma with the ultimate aim to evaluate potential therapies and suggest that regional and not global inflammation impacts lung function in asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamta P Sumi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rosemary Westcott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Eric Stuehr
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Chaitali Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Dennis J Stuehr
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Todd JL, Weber JM, Kelly FL, Neely ML, Mulder H, Frankel CW, Nagler A, McCrae C, Newbold P, Kreindler J, Palmer SM. BAL Fluid Eosinophilia Associates With Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction Risk: A Multicenter Study. Chest 2023; 164:670-681. [PMID: 37003354 PMCID: PMC10548454 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is the leading cause of death among lung transplant recipients. Eosinophils, effector cells of type 2 immunity, are implicated in the pathobiology of many lung diseases, and prior studies suggest their presence associates with acute rejection or CLAD after lung transplantation. RESEARCH QUESTION Does histologic allograft injury or respiratory microbiology correlate with the presence of eosinophils in BAL fluid (BALF)? Does early posttransplant BALF eosinophilia associate with future CLAD development, including after adjustment for other known risk factors? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed BALF cell count, microbiology, and biopsy data from a multicenter cohort of 531 lung recipients with 2,592 bronchoscopies over the first posttransplant year. Generalized estimating equation models were used to examine the correlation of allograft histology or BALF microbiology with the presence of BALF eosinophils. Multivariable Cox regression was used to determine the association between ≥ 1% BALF eosinophils in the first posttransplant year and definite CLAD. Expression of eosinophil-relevant genes was quantified in CLAD and transplant control tissues. RESULTS The odds of BALF eosinophils being present was significantly higher at the time of acute rejection and nonrejection lung injury histologies and during pulmonary fungal detection. Early posttransplant ≥ 1% BALF eosinophils significantly and independently increased the risk for definite CLAD development (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.04; P = .009). Tissue expression of eotaxins, IL-13-related genes, and the epithelial-derived cytokines IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphoprotein were significantly increased in CLAD. INTERPRETATION BALF eosinophilia was an independent predictor of future CLAD risk across a multicenter lung recipient cohort. Additionally, type 2 inflammatory signals were induced in established CLAD. These data underscore the need for mechanistic and clinical studies to clarify the role of type 2 pathway-specific interventions in CLAD prevention or treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Todd
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC.
| | | | - Francine L Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Megan L Neely
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | | | | | - Andrew Nagler
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Christopher McCrae
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Early Respiratory & Immunology, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD
| | | | | | - Scott M Palmer
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang W, Garcia C, Shao F, Cohen JA, Bai Y, Fine A, Ai X. Lung dopaminergic nerves facilitate the establishment of T H2 resident memory cells in early life. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:386-399. [PMID: 36841266 PMCID: PMC10440294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma develops from allergen exposure in early childhood and progresses into adulthood. The central mediator of progressive allergic asthma is allergen-specific, TH2-resident memory cells (TRMs). Although the crosstalk between nerves and immune cells plays an established role in acute allergic inflammation, whether nerves facilitate the establishment of TH2-TRMs in the immature lung following early life allergen exposure is unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify nerve-derived signals that act in TH2 effector cells to regulate the tissue residency in the immature lung. METHODS Following neonatal allergen exposure, allergen-specific TH2-TRMs were tracked temporally and spatially in relationship to developing sympathetic nerves in the lung. Functional mediators of dopamine signaling in the establishment of TH2-TRMs were identified by in vitro bulk RNA-sequencing of dopamine-treated TH2 cells followed by in vivo assessment of candidate genes using adoptive transfer of TH2 cells with viral gene knockdown. RESULTS This study found that sympathetic nerves produce dopamine and reside in proximity to TH2 effector cells during the contraction phase following neonatal allergen exposure. Dopamine signals via DRD4 on TH2 cells to elevate IL2RA and epigenetically facilitate type 2 cytokine expression. Blockade of dopamine-DRD4 signaling following neonatal allergen exposure impairs lung residence of TH2 cells and ameliorates anamnestic inflammation in adults. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that maturing sympathetic nerves enable a dopamine-enriched lung environment in early life that promotes the establishment of allergen-specific TH2-TRMs. The dopamine-DRD4 axis may provide a therapeutic target to modify allergic asthma progression from childhood to adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass.
| | - Carolyn Garcia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Fengzhi Shao
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Jonathan A Cohen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Yan Bai
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Alan Fine
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Xingbin Ai
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lupancu TJ, Eivazitork M, Hamilton JA, Achuthan AA, Lee KMC. CCL17/TARC in autoimmunity and inflammation-not just a T-cell chemokine. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:600-609. [PMID: 36975092 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine (C-C) ligand 17 (CCL17) was first identified as thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine when it was found to be constitutively expressed in the thymus and identified as a T-cell chemokine. This chemoattractant molecule has subsequently been found at elevated levels in a range of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, as well as in cancer. CCL17 is a C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) ligand, with chemokine (C-C) ligand 22 being the other major ligand and, as CCR4 is highly expressed on helper T cells, CCL17 can play a role in T-cell-driven diseases, usually considered to be via its chemotactic activity on T helper 2 cells; however, given that CCR4 is also expressed by other cell types and there is elevated expression of CCL17 in many diseases, a broader CCL17 biology is suggested. In this review, we summarize the biology of CCL17, its regulation and its potential contribution to the pathogenesis of various preclinical models. Reference is made, for example, to recent literature indicating a role for CCL17 in the control of pain as part of a granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor/CCL17 pathway in lymphocyte-independent models and thus not as a T-cell chemokine. The review also discusses the potential for CCL17 to be a biomarker and a therapeutic target in human disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya J Lupancu
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mahtab Eivazitork
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Adrian A Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin M-C Lee
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
LeSuer WE, Kienzl M, Ochkur SI, Schicho R, Doyle AD, Wright BL, Rank MA, Krupnick AS, Kita H, Jacobsen EA. Eosinophils promote effector functions of lung group 2 innate lymphoid cells in allergic airway inflammation in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:469-485.e10. [PMID: 37028525 PMCID: PMC10503660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are critical mediators of type 2 respiratory inflammation, releasing IL-5 and IL-13 and promoting the pulmonary eosinophilia associated with allergen provocation. Although ILC2s have been shown to promote eosinophil activities, the role of eosinophils in group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) responses is less well defined. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the role of eosinophils in activation of ILC2s in models of allergic asthma and in vitro. METHODS Inducible eosinophil-deficient mice were exposed to allergic respiratory inflammation models of asthma, such as ovalbumin or house dust mite challenge, or to innate models of type 2 airway inflammation, such as inhalation of IL-33. Eosinophil-specific IL-4/13-deficient mice were used to address the specific roles for eosinophil-derived cytokines. Direct cell interactions between ILC2s and eosinophils were assessed by in vitro culture experiments. RESULTS Targeted depletion of eosinophils resulted in significant reductions of total and IL-5+ and IL-13+ lung ILC2s in all models of respiratory inflammation. This correlated with reductions in IL-13 levels and mucus in the airway. Eosinophil-derived IL-4/13 was necessary for both eosinophil and ILC2 accumulation in lung in allergen models. In vitro, eosinophils released soluble mediators that induced ILC2 proliferation and G protein-coupled receptor-dependent chemotaxis of ILC2s. Coculture of ILC2s and IL-33-activated eosinophils resulted in transcriptome changes in both ILC2s and eosinophils, suggesting potential novel reciprocal interactions. CONCLUSION These studies demonstrate that eosinophils play a reciprocal role in ILC2 effector functions as part of both adaptive and innate type 2 pulmonary inflammatory events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William E LeSuer
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Melanie Kienzl
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sergei I Ochkur
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Rudolf Schicho
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alfred D Doyle
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Benjamin L Wright
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz; Division of Pulmonology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Ariz
| | - Matthew A Rank
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz; Division of Pulmonology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Ariz
| | | | - Hirohito Kita
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Elizabeth A Jacobsen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang J, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Hu L, Liu J, Wang L, Wang T, Zhang H, Cong L, Wang Q. Pathogenesis of allergic diseases and implications for therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:138. [PMID: 36964157 PMCID: PMC10039055 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis (AR), allergic asthma (AAS), atopic dermatitis (AD), food allergy (FA), and eczema are systemic diseases caused by an impaired immune system. Accompanied by high recurrence rates, the steadily rising incidence rates of these diseases are attracting increasing attention. The pathogenesis of allergic diseases is complex and involves many factors, including maternal-fetal environment, living environment, genetics, epigenetics, and the body's immune status. The pathogenesis of allergic diseases exhibits a marked heterogeneity, with phenotype and endotype defining visible features and associated molecular mechanisms, respectively. With the rapid development of immunology, molecular biology, and biotechnology, many new biological drugs have been designed for the treatment of allergic diseases, including anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE), anti-interleukin (IL)-5, and anti-thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)/IL-4, to control symptoms. For doctors and scientists, it is becoming more and more important to understand the influencing factors, pathogenesis, and treatment progress of allergic diseases. This review aimed to assess the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic interventions of allergic diseases, including AR, AAS, AD, and FA. We hope to help doctors and scientists understand allergic diseases systematically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Zhou
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Honglei Zhang
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Linhan Hu
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Juntong Liu
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 1000210, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Haiyun Zhang
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Linpeng Cong
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
August A, Marichal T. Eosinophils and Lung Mucosal Antibody Production: Is Location the Key? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:124-126. [PMID: 36306503 PMCID: PMC9986563 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0410ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Avery August
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology Cornell University Ithaca, New York
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu R, Peng Y, Ye H, Xia X, Chen W, Huang F, Li Z, Yang X. Peripheral Eosinophil Count Associated with Disease Activity and Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients with Lupus Nephritis. Nephron Clin Pract 2023; 147:408-416. [PMID: 36657400 DOI: 10.1159/000528486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of peripheral eosinophil (EOS) count with disease activity and kidney outcomes in lupus nephritis (LN) patients. METHODS A total of 453 hospitalized and biopsy-proven LN patients at our hospital from 2006 to 2013 were enrolled, of which 388 patients had repeated measurements of EOS. Relationships were explored between average EOS and disease activity at baseline, using the systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity (SLEDAI) and activity index (AI) on kidney biopsy. Follow-up data were available through December 2016. The primary outcome measure was a composite of doubling of serum creatinine and end-stage kidney disease after a median follow-up of 51 months. RESULTS The mean age of the enrolled 388 LN patients was 33.1 ± 10.8 years old, and 335 (86%) were female. The median average peripheral EOS count was 0.033 (0.015-0.057) ×109/L. Mean AI and SLEDAI score were 6.8 ± 2.5 and 14.9 ± 5.4, respectively. Logistic regression models showed that decreased average EOS was independently associated with higher AI (≥6) and higher SLEDAI (≥15) (odds ratio [OR] 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.90-0.97; and OR 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.99, respectively). There was a parabolic relationship between average EOS and the primary outcome, with hazard ratio (HR) > 1 for both levels ≤0.033 and >0.16 × 109/L. CONCLUSION Lower EOS count was independently associated with severe disease activity and kidney progression in LN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongjian Ye
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Xia
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxian Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Blomberg OS, Spagnuolo L, Garner H, Voorwerk L, Isaeva OI, van Dyk E, Bakker N, Chalabi M, Klaver C, Duijst M, Kersten K, Brüggemann M, Pastoors D, Hau CS, Vrijland K, Raeven EAM, Kaldenbach D, Kos K, Afonina IS, Kaptein P, Hoes L, Theelen WSME, Baas P, Voest EE, Beyaert R, Thommen DS, Wessels LFA, de Visser KE, Kok M. IL-5-producing CD4 + T cells and eosinophils cooperate to enhance response to immune checkpoint blockade in breast cancer. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:106-123.e10. [PMID: 36525971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has heralded a new era in cancer therapy. Research into the mechanisms underlying response to ICB has predominantly focused on T cells; however, effective immune responses require tightly regulated crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune cells. Here, we combine unbiased analysis of blood and tumors from metastatic breast cancer patients treated with ICB with mechanistic studies in mouse models of breast cancer. We observe an increase in systemic and intratumoral eosinophils in patients and mice responding to ICB treatment. Mechanistically, ICB increased IL-5 production by CD4+ T cells, stimulating elevated eosinophil production from the bone marrow, leading to systemic eosinophil expansion. Additional induction of IL-33 by ICB-cisplatin combination or recombinant IL-33 promotes intratumoral eosinophil infiltration and eosinophil-dependent CD8+ T cell activation to enhance ICB response. This work demonstrates the critical role of eosinophils in ICB response and provides proof-of-principle for eosinophil engagement to enhance ICB efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga S Blomberg
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Spagnuolo
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hannah Garner
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Leonie Voorwerk
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Olga I Isaeva
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ewald van Dyk
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Noor Bakker
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Myriam Chalabi
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chris Klaver
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maxime Duijst
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kelly Kersten
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Brüggemann
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorien Pastoors
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cheei-Sing Hau
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kim Vrijland
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A M Raeven
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Daphne Kaldenbach
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kevin Kos
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Inna S Afonina
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paulien Kaptein
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Louisa Hoes
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willemijn S M E Theelen
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Baas
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emile E Voest
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniela S Thommen
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lodewyk F A Wessels
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karin E de Visser
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Marleen Kok
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ehrens A, Hoerauf A, Hübner MP. Eosinophils in filarial infections: Inducers of protection or pathology? Front Immunol 2022; 13:983812. [PMID: 36389745 PMCID: PMC9659639 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.983812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Filariae are parasitic roundworms, which can cause debilitating diseases such as lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis. Lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, and onchocerciasis, commonly referred to as river blindness, can lead to stigmatizing pathologies and present a socio-economic burden for affected people and their endemic countries. Filariae typically induce a type 2 immune response, which is characterized by cytokines, i.e., IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 as well as type 2 immune cells including alternatively activated macrophages, innate lymphoid cells and Th2 cells. However, the hallmark characteristic of filarial infections is a profound eosinophilia. Eosinophils are innate immune cells and pivotal in controlling helminth infections in general and filarial infections in particular. By modulating the function of other leukocytes, eosinophils support and drive type 2 immune responses. Moreover, as primary effector cells, eosinophils can directly attack filariae through the release of granules containing toxic cationic proteins with or without extracellular DNA traps. At the same time, eosinophils can be a driving force for filarial pathology as observed during tropical pulmonary eosinophilia in lymphatic filariasis, in dermatitis in onchocerciasis patients as well as adverse events after treatment of onchocerciasis patients with diethylcarbamazine. This review summarizes the latest findings of the importance of eosinophil effector functions including the role of eosinophil-derived proteins in controlling filarial infections and their impact on filarial pathology analyzing both human and experimental animal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ehrens
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc P. Hübner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chauché C, Rasid O, Donachie A, McManus CM, Löser S, Campion T, Richards J, Smyth DJ, McSorley HJ, Maizels RM. Suppression of airway allergic eosinophilia by Hp-TGM, a helminth mimic of TGF-β. Immunology 2022; 167:197-211. [PMID: 35758054 PMCID: PMC9885513 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2-high asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways which is increasingly prevalent in countries where helminth parasite infections are rare, and characterized by T helper 2 (Th2)-dependent accumulation of eosinophils in the lungs. Regulatory cytokines such as TGF-β can restrain inflammatory reactions, dampen allergic Th2 responses, and control eosinophil activation. The murine helminth parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus releases a TGF-β mimic (Hp-TGM) that replicates the biological and functional properties of TGF-β despite bearing no structural similarity to the mammalian protein. Here, we investigated if Hp-TGM could alleviate allergic airway inflammation in mice exposed to Alternaria alternata allergen, house dust mite (HDM) extract or alum-adjuvanted ovalbumin protein (OVA). Intranasal administration of Hp-TGM during Alternaria exposure sharply reduced airway and lung tissue eosinophilia along with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid IL-5 and lung IL-33 cytokine levels at 24 h. The protective effect of Hp-TGM on airway eosinophilia was also obtained in the longer T-cell mediated models of HDM or OVA sensitisation with significant inhibition of eotaxin-1, IL-4 and IL-13 responses depending on the model and time-point. Hp-TGM was also protective when administered parenterally either when given at the time of allergic sensitisation or during airway allergen challenge. This project has taken the first steps in identifying the role of Hp-TGM in allergic asthma and highlighted its ability to control lung inflammation and allergic pathology. Future research will investigate the mode of action of Hp-TGM against airway allergic eosinophilia, and further explore its potential to be developed as a biotherapeutic in allergic asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Chauché
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK,Centre for Inflammation ResearchUniversity of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research InstituteEdinburghUK
| | - Orhan Rasid
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Anne‐Marie Donachie
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Caitlin M. McManus
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Stephan Löser
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Tiffany Campion
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Josh Richards
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK,Division of Cell Signalling and ImmunologySchool of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Building, University of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Danielle J. Smyth
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK,Division of Cell Signalling and ImmunologySchool of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Building, University of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Henry J. McSorley
- Division of Cell Signalling and ImmunologySchool of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Building, University of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Rick M. Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lynch CA, Guo Y, Mei A, Kreisel D, Gelman AE, Jacobsen EA, Krupnick AS. Solving the Conundrum of Eosinophils in Alloimmunity. Transplantation 2022; 106:1538-1547. [PMID: 34966103 PMCID: PMC9234098 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are bone-marrow-derived granulocytes known for their ability to facilitate clearance of parasitic infections and their association with asthma and other inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this review is to discuss the currently available human observational and animal experimental data linking eosinophils to the immunologic response in solid organ transplantation. First, we present observational human studies that demonstrate a link between transplantation and eosinophils yet were unable to define the exact role of this cell population. Next, we describe published experimental models and demonstrate a defined mechanistic role of eosinophils in downregulating the alloimmune response to murine lung transplants. The overall summary of this data suggests that further studies are needed to define the role of eosinophils in multiple solid organ allografts and points to the possibility of manipulating this cell population to improve graft survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cherie Alissa Lynch
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Yizhan Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Alex Mei
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore Maryland
| | | | | | - Elizabeth A. Jacobsen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Eosinophils are bone marrow-derived hematopoietic cells that accumulate significantly in the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with asthma and models of allergic airway inflammation. Their role in the pathophysiology of asthma and other diseases can be studied using mouse models in which eosinophils are depleted. This review article focuses on two main approaches for depleting eosinophils in vivo, antibody-mediated and genetic models. Specific antibodies and genetic models are reviewed, along with their strengths and weaknesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hope E Guthier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nives Zimmermann
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics (Cincinnati Children's Hospital), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
TGF-β production by eosinophils drives the expansion of peripherally induced neuropilin - RORγt + regulatory T-cells during bacterial and allergen challenge. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:504-514. [PMID: 35169233 PMCID: PMC9038533 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
16
|
Schetters STT, Schuijs MJ. Pulmonary Eosinophils at the Center of the Allergic Space-Time Continuum. Front Immunol 2021; 12:772004. [PMID: 34868033 PMCID: PMC8634472 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are typically a minority population of circulating granulocytes being released from the bone-marrow as terminally differentiated cells. Besides their function in the defense against parasites and in promoting allergic airway inflammation, regulatory functions have now been attributed to eosinophils in various organs. Although eosinophils are involved in the inflammatory response to allergens, it remains unclear whether they are drivers of the asthma pathology or merely recruited effector cells. Recent findings highlight the homeostatic and pro-resolving capacity of eosinophils and raise the question at what point in time their function is regulated. Similarly, eosinophils from different physical locations display phenotypic and functional diversity. However, it remains unclear whether eosinophil plasticity remains as they develop and travel from the bone marrow to the tissue, in homeostasis or during inflammation. In the tissue, eosinophils of different ages and origin along the inflammatory trajectory may exhibit functional diversity as circumstances change. Herein, we outline the inflammatory time line of allergic airway inflammation from acute, late, adaptive to chronic processes. We summarize the function of the eosinophils in regards to their resident localization and time of recruitment to the lung, in all stages of the inflammatory response. In all, we argue that immunological differences in eosinophils are a function of time and space as the allergic inflammatory response is initiated and resolved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd T T Schetters
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martijn J Schuijs
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Eosinophil Count as Predictive Biomarker of Immune-Related Adverse Events (irAEs) in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) Therapies in Oncological Patients. IMMUNO 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno1030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To date, no biomarkers are effective in predicting the risk of developing immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This study aims to evaluate the association between basal absolute eosinophil count (AEC) and irAEs during treatment with ICIs for solid tumors. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 168 patients with metastatic melanoma (mM), renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), and non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) receiving ICIs at our medical oncology unit. By combining baseline AEC with other clinical factors, we developed a mathematical model for predicting the risk of irAEs, which we validated in an external cohort of patients. Results: Median baseline AEC was 135/µL and patients were stratified into two groups accordingly; patients with high baseline AEC (>135/µL) were more likely to experience toxicity (p = 0.043) and have a better objective response rate (ORR) (p = 0.003). By constructing a covariance analysis model, it emerged that basal AEC correlated with the risk of irAEs (p < 0.01). Finally, we validated the proposed model in an independent cohort of 43 patients. Conclusions: Baseline AEC could be a predictive biomarker of ICI-related toxicity, as well as of response to treatment. The use of a mathematical model able to predict the risk of developing irAEs could be useful for clinicians for monitoring patients receiving ICIs.
Collapse
|
18
|
Yiqi Jiemin decoction alleviates allergic rhinitis in a guinea pig model by suppressing inflammation, restoring Th1/Th2 balance, and improving cellular metabolism. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:18423-18441. [PMID: 34315133 PMCID: PMC8351690 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of Yiqi Jiemin decoction (YJD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), in the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis (AR) model in guinea pigs. YJD significantly decreased infiltration of mast cells and eosinophils into the nasal mucosa of AR model guinea pigs. YJD also increased expression of TGF-β in the nasal mucosa, restored the balance of Th1/Th2 immune cell responses, and decreased serum levels of various pro-inflammatory mediators, including histamine (HA), neuropeptide Y (NPY), acetylcholine (ACH), norepinephrine and immunoglobulin E (IgE). Metabolic analyses using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed that YJD improved cellular metabolism in AR model guinea pigs and increased serum levels of glycocholic acid while decreasing levels 1-palmitoyl lysophosphatidic acid. RNA-sequencing analysis identified BPIFB2 as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for AR. Functional enrichment analyses showed that YJD significantly inhibited cytokine secretion pathways in AR model guinea pigs. These findings demonstrate that YJD protects against OVA-induced AR in guinea pigs by suppressing inflammation in the nasal mucosa, restoring Th1/Th2 balance, and improving cellular metabolism.
Collapse
|
19
|
Bai R, Chen N, Chen X, Li L, Song W, Li W, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Han F, Lyu Z, Cui J. Analysis of characteristics and predictive factors of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse events. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0052. [PMID: 34259422 PMCID: PMC8610160 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to retrospectively analyze the toxicity profiles and predictors of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) as well as the correlation between irAEs and the clinical efficacy of multi-type immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with advanced pan-cancer in a real-world setting. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from 105 patients with advanced pan-cancer treated with multi-type ICIs at the First Hospital of Jilin University between January 1, 2016 and August 1, 2020. We used logistic regression analyses to investigate the associations of irAEs with clinical baseline characteristics, blood count parameters, and biochemical indicators during treatment. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine cutoff values for parameters and area under the curve values. KaplanMeier and Cox multivariate regression analyses were performed to estimate the relationships of baseline characteristics and irAEs with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS A lower relative lymphocyte count (cutoff = 28.5%), higher albumin level (cutoff = 39.05 g/L), and higher absolute eosinophil count (AEC) (cutoff = 0.175 × 109/L) were significantly associated with the occurrence of irAEs, among which a higher AEC (cutoff = 0.205 × 109/L) was strongly associated with skin-related irAEs [odds ratios (ORs) = 0.163, P = 0.004]. Moreover, a higher lactate dehydrogenase level (cutoff = 237.5 U/L) was an independent predictor of irAEs of grade ≥ 3 (OR = 0.083, P = 0.023). In immune cell subgroup analysis, a lower absolute count of CD8+CD28- suppressor T cells (OR = 0.806; 95% confidence interval: 0.643-1.011; P = 0.062), which are regulatory T lymphocytes, was associated with the occurrence of irAEs, although the difference was not statistically significant. Furthermore, a higher percentage of CD19+ B cells was associated with the occurrence of irAEs of grade ≥ 3 (P = 0.02) and grade ≥ 2 (P = 0.051). In addition, patients with any grade of irAE had a significantly high PFS (8.37 vs. 3.77 months, hazard ratios (HR) = 2.02, P = 0.0038) and OS (24.77 vs. 13.83 months, HR = 1.84; P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS This retrospective study reports clinical profile data for irAEs in unselected patients in a real-world setting and explored some parameters that may be potential predictive markers of the occurrence, type, or grade of irAEs in clinical practice. Evidence of a correlation between safety and efficacy may facilitate a complete assessment of the risk-benefit ratio for patients treated with ICIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rilan Bai
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Naifei Chen
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wei Song
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yongfei Zhang
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fujun Han
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zheng Lyu
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rodrigo-Muñoz JM, Gil-Martínez M, Sastre B, del Pozo V. Emerging Evidence for Pleiotropism of Eosinophils. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137075. [PMID: 34209213 PMCID: PMC8269185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are complex granulocytes with the capacity to react upon diverse stimuli due to their numerous and variable surface receptors, which allows them to respond in very different manners. Traditionally believed to be only part of parasitic and allergic/asthmatic immune responses, as scientific studies arise, the paradigm about these cells is continuously changing, adding layers of complexity to their roles in homeostasis and disease. Developing principally in the bone marrow by the action of IL-5 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor GM-CSF, eosinophils migrate from the blood to very different organs, performing multiple functions in tissue homeostasis as in the gastrointestinal tract, thymus, uterus, mammary glands, liver, and skeletal muscle. In organs such as the lungs and gastrointestinal tract, eosinophils are able to act as immune regulatory cells and also to perform direct actions against parasites, and bacteria, where novel mechanisms of immune defense as extracellular DNA traps are key factors. Besides, eosinophils, are of importance in an effective response against viral pathogens by their nuclease enzymatic activity and have been lately described as involved in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 immunity. The pleiotropic role of eosinophils is sustained because eosinophils can be also detrimental to human physiology, for example, in diseases like allergies, asthma, and eosinophilic esophagitis, where exosomes can be significant pathophysiologic units. These eosinophilic pathologies, require specific treatments by eosinophils control, such as new monoclonal antibodies like mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab. In this review, we describe the roles of eosinophils as effectors and regulatory cells and their involvement in pathological disorders and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José M. Rodrigo-Muñoz
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Avenida Reyes Católicos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (M.G.-M.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Martínez
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Avenida Reyes Católicos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (M.G.-M.)
| | - Beatriz Sastre
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Avenida Reyes Católicos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (M.G.-M.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (V.d.P.)
| | - Victoria del Pozo
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Avenida Reyes Católicos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (M.G.-M.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (V.d.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mousa AM, Almatroudi A, Alwashmi AS, Abdulmonem WA, Aljohani ASM, Alhumaydhi FA, Alsahli MA, Alrumaihi F, Allemailem KS, Abdellatif AAH, Khan A, Khan MA, Alshabrmi FM, Alruwetei A, Aljasir M, Aba Alkhayl FF, Rahmani AH, Rugaie OA, Alnuqaydan AM, Alsagaby SA, Aldakheel FM, Almatroodi SA. Thyme oil alleviates Ova-induced bronchial asthma through modulating Th2 cytokines, IgE, TSLP and ROS. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111726. [PMID: 34111725 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma (BA) is a heterogeneous allergic respiratory disease with diverse inflammatory symptoms, pathology, and responses to treatment. Thyme is a natural product which is consisted of multiple phenolic compounds of therapeutic significance for treatment of cough and bronchitis. This study evaluated the efficacy of thyme oil against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced BA in an experimental rabbit model. Forty male rabbits were divided into four equal groups [control group (G1), OVA (G2), thyme oil (G3), and OVA plus thyme oil (G4)]. Animals were treated for 30 days, and clinical, histopathological (HP), histochemical (HC), immunohistochemical (IHC), morphometric, biochemical and flow cytometry methods were performed, followed by statistical analysis. All used methods revealed normal structure of the lung tissues in rabbits of G1 and G3. In contrast, the clinical examination of G2 rabbits revealed an obvious increase in the respiratory rate, sneezing and wheezing, whereas the HP, HC and IHC techniques exhibited substantial inflammatory changes in the peribronchio-vascular lung tissues with thinning, degeneration, apoptosis (using the TUNEL assay), necrosis, and shedding of the airway epithelium. Furthermore, the morphometric results confirmed significant increases in the numbers of inflammatory cells, goblet cells, eosinophils and apoptotic cells from (12, 0, 2, 2 cells) to (34,10, 16, 18 cells) respectively, as well as the area percentage of collagen fiber deposition and immunoexpression of eotaxin-1/10 high power fields. Additionally, the biochemical results revealed significant increases in the serum levels of TSLP, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, IgE and eotaxin-1 cytokines from (140, 40, 15, 38, 120, 100, 48) pg./ml to (360, 270, 130, 85, 365, 398, 110) pg./ml respectively, while analysis of ROS by flow cytometry revealed remarkable oxidative stress effects in G2 rabbits. On the other hand, treatment of rabbits with thyme oil in G4 substantially alleviated all OVA-induced alterations. Overall, our findings indicate for the first time that thyme oil can ameliorate OVA-induced BA via its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant effects on the lung tissues of rabbits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M Mousa
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ameen S Alwashmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah S M Aljohani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fahad A Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Arif Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Masood A Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fahad M Alshabrmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulmohsen Alruwetei
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Aljasir
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faris F Aba Alkhayl
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Arshad H Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Osamah Al Rugaie
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah M Alnuqaydan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Suliman A Alsagaby
- Department of Medical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fahad M Aldakheel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang S, Jiang Z, Li L, Zhang J, Zhang C, Shao C. Ameliorative effects of eosinophil deficiency on immune response, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and autophagy in fungus-induced allergic lung inflammation. Respir Res 2021; 22:173. [PMID: 34098934 PMCID: PMC8186139 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory fungal exposure is known to be associated with various allergic pulmonary disorders. Eosinophils have been implicated in tissue homeostasis of allergic inflammation as both destructive effector cells and immune regulators. What contributions eosinophils have in Aspergillus fumigatus (Af)-induced allergic lung inflammation is worthy of investigating. Methods We established the Af-exposed animal asthmatic model using eosinophil-deficient mice, ∆dblGATA1 mice. Airway inflammation was assessed by histopathological examination and total cell count of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The protein level in BALF and lung mRNA level of type 2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were detected by ELISA and qRT-PCR. We further studied the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, and autophagy by western blots, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, TUNEL, or immunohistochemistry. RNA-Seq analysis was utilized to analyze the whole transcriptome of Af-exposed ∆dblGATA1 mice. Results Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and periodic acid–Schiff staining (PAS) showed that airway inflammation and mucus production were alleviated in Af-challenged ∆dblGATA1 mice compared with wild-type controls. The protein and mRNA expressions of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were reduced in the BALF and lung tissues in Af-exposed ∆dblGATA1 mice. The results demonstrated that the significantly increased ER stress markers (GRP78 and CHOP) and apoptosis executioner caspase proteases (cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-7) in Af-exposed wild-type mice were all downregulated remarkably in the lungs of ∆dblGATA1 mice with Af challenge. In addition, the lung autophagy in Af-exposed ∆dblGATA1 mice was found elevated partially, manifesting as higher expression of LC3-II/LC3-I and beclin1, lower p62, and downregulated Akt/mTOR pathway compared with Af-exposed wild-type mice. Additionally, lung RNA-seq analysis of Af-exposed ∆dblGATA1 mice showed that biological processes about chemotaxis of lymphocytes, neutrophils, or eosinophils were enriched but without statistical significance. Conclusions In summary, eosinophils play an essential role in the pathogenesis of Af-exposed allergic lung inflammation, whose deficiency may have relation to the attenuation of type 2 immune response, alleviation of ER stress and apoptosis, and increase of autophagy. These findings suggest that anti-eosinophils therapy may provide a promising direction for fungal-induced allergic pulmonary diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijiao Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhilong Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Liyang Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Changzhou Shao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Manohar M, Kandikattu HK, Upparahalli Venkateshaiah S, Yadavalli CS, Mishra A. Eosinophils in the pathogenesis of pancreatic disorders. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:411-422. [PMID: 33783592 PMCID: PMC8249347 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00853-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils comprise approximately 1-4% of total blood leukocytes that reside in the intestine, bone marrow, mammary gland, and adipose tissues to maintain innate immunity in healthy individuals. Eosinophils have four toxic granules known as major basic protein (MBP), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), and upon degranulation, these granules promote pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases like allergy, asthma, dermatitis, and gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, the role of eosinophils is underscored in exocrine disorders including pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an inflammatory disorder that occurs due to the alcohol consumption, blockage of the pancreatic duct, and trypsinogen mutation. Eosinophil levels are detected in higher numbers in both CP and pancreatic cancer patients compared with healthy individuals. The mechanistic understanding of chronic inflammation-induced pancreatic malignancy has not yet been reached and requires further exploration. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of eosinophil-associated pancreatic disorders and further summarizes current evidence regarding risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and prognosis of eosinophilic pancreatitis (EP) and pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murli Manohar
- School of Medicine, Gastrointestinal and Hepatology Division, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorder Center (TEDC), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Sathisha Upparahalli Venkateshaiah
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorder Center (TEDC), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Chandra Sekhar Yadavalli
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorder Center (TEDC), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Anil Mishra
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorder Center (TEDC), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Folci M, Ramponi G, Arcari I, Zumbo A, Brunetta E. Eosinophils as Major Player in Type 2 Inflammation: Autoimmunity and Beyond. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1347:197-219. [PMID: 34031864 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are a subset of differentiated granulocytes which circulate in peripheral blood and home in several body tissues. Along with their traditional relevance in helminth immunity and allergy, eosinophils have been progressively attributed important roles in a number of homeostatic and pathologic situations. This review aims at summarizing available evidence about eosinophils functions in homeostasis, infections, allergic and autoimmune disorders, and solid and hematological cancers.Their structural and biological features have been described, along with their physiological behavior. This includes their chemokines, cytokines, granular contents, and extracellular traps. Besides, pathogenic- and eosinophilic-mediated disorders have also been addressed, with the aim of highlighting their role in Th2-driven inflammation. In allergy, eosinophils are implicated in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. They are also fundamentally involved in autoimmune disorders such as eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, acute and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. In infections, eosinophils are involved in protection not only from parasites but also from fungi, viruses, and bacteria. In solid cancers, local eosinophilic infiltration is variably associated with an improved or worsened prognosis, depending on the histotype. In hematologic neoplasms, eosinophilia can be the consequence of a dysregulated cytokine production or the result of mutations affecting the myeloid lineage.Recent experimental evidence was thoroughly reviewed, with findings which elicit a complex role for eosinophils, in a tight balance between host defense and tissue damage. Eventually, emerging evidence about eosinophils in COVID-19 infection was also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Folci
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Ramponi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Arcari
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurora Zumbo
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Brunetta
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Catherine J, Roufosse F. What does elevated TARC/CCL17 expression tell us about eosinophilic disorders? Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:439-458. [PMID: 34009399 PMCID: PMC8132044 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00857-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic disorders encompass a large spectrum of heterogeneous diseases sharing the presence of elevated numbers of eosinophils in blood and/or tissues. Among these disorders, the role of eosinophils can vary widely, ranging from a modest participation in the disease process to the predominant perpetrator of tissue damage. In many cases, eosinophilic expansion is polyclonal, driven by enhanced production of interleukin-5, mainly by type 2 helper cells (Th2 cells) with a possible contribution of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). Among the key steps implicated in the establishment of type 2 immune responses, leukocyte recruitment toward inflamed tissues is particularly relevant. Herein, the contribution of the chemo-attractant molecule thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) to type 2 immunity will be reviewed. The clinical relevance of this chemokine and its target, C-C chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4), will be illustrated in the setting of various eosinophilic disorders. Special emphasis will be put on the potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications related to activation of the TARC/CCL17-CCR4 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Catherine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Erasme, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070, Brussels, Belgium. .,Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Florence Roufosse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Erasme, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wiechers C, Zou M, Galvez E, Beckstette M, Ebel M, Strowig T, Huehn J, Pezoldt J. The microbiota is dispensable for the early stages of peripheral regulatory T cell induction within mesenteric lymph nodes. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1211-1221. [PMID: 33762684 PMCID: PMC8093251 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00647-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal Foxp3+ regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets are crucial players in tolerance to microbiota-derived and food-borne antigens, and compelling evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota modulates their generation, functional specialization, and maintenance. Selected bacterial species and microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have been reported to promote Treg homeostasis in the intestinal lamina propria. Furthermore, gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) are particularly efficient sites for the generation of peripherally induced Tregs (pTregs). Despite this knowledge, the direct role of the microbiota and their metabolites in the early stages of pTreg induction within mLNs is not fully elucidated. Here, using an adoptive transfer-based pTreg induction system, we demonstrate that neither transfer of a dysbiotic microbiota nor dietary SCFA supplementation modulated the pTreg induction capacity of mLNs. Even mice housed under germ-free (GF) conditions displayed equivalent pTreg induction within mLNs. Further molecular characterization of these de novo induced pTregs from mLNs by dissection of their transcriptomes and accessible chromatin regions revealed that the microbiota indeed has a limited impact and does not contribute to the initialization of the Treg-specific epigenetic landscape. Overall, our data suggest that the microbiota is dispensable for the early stages of pTreg induction within mLNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Wiechers
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mangge Zou
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eric Galvez
- Department Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Beckstette
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maria Ebel
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Department Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Joern Pezoldt
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jacobsen EA, Jackson DJ, Heffler E, Mathur SK, Bredenoord AJ, Pavord ID, Akuthota P, Roufosse F, Rothenberg ME. Eosinophil Knockout Humans: Uncovering the Role of Eosinophils Through Eosinophil-Directed Biological Therapies. Annu Rev Immunol 2021; 39:719-757. [PMID: 33646859 PMCID: PMC8317994 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-093019-125918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The enigmatic eosinophil has emerged as an exciting component of the immune system, involved in a plethora of homeostatic and inflammatory responses. Substantial progress has been achieved through experimental systems manipulating eosinophils in vivo, initially in mice and more recently in humans. Researchers using eosinophil knockout mice have identified a contributory role for eosinophils in basal and inflammatory processes and protective immunity. Primarily fueled by the purported proinflammatory role of eosinophils in eosinophil-associated diseases, a series of anti-eosinophil therapeutics have emerged as a new class of drugs. These agents, which dramatically deplete eosinophils, provide a valuable opportunity to characterize the consequences of eosinophil knockout humans. Herein, we comparatively describe mouse and human eosinophil knockouts. We put forth the view that human eosinophils negatively contribute to a variety of diseases and, unlike mouse eosinophils, do not yet have an identified role in physiological health; thus, clarifying all roles of eosinophils remains an ongoing pursuit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Jacobsen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, USA;
| | - David J Jackson
- Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom;
- Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Enrico Heffler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sameer K Mathur
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA;
| | - Albert J Bredenoord
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Ian D Pavord
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Oxford Respiratory NIHR BRC, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom;
| | - Praveen Akuthota
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA;
| | - Florence Roufosse
- Médecine Interne, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Saikumar Jayalatha AK, Hesse L, Ketelaar ME, Koppelman GH, Nawijn MC. The central role of IL-33/IL-1RL1 pathway in asthma: From pathogenesis to intervention. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 225:107847. [PMID: 33819560 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a member of the IL-1 family, and its cognate receptor, Interleukin-1 receptor like-1 (IL-1RL1 or ST2), are susceptibility genes for childhood asthma. In response to cellular damage, IL-33 is released from barrier tissues as an 'alarmin' to activate the innate immune response. IL-33 drives type 2 responses by inducing signalling through its receptor IL-1RL1 in several immune and structural cells, thereby leading to type 2 cytokine and chemokine production. IL-1RL1 gene transcript encodes different isoforms generated through alternative splicing. Its soluble isoform, IL-1RL1-a or sST2, acts as a decoy receptor by sequestering IL-33, thereby inhibiting IL1RL1-b/IL-33 signalling. IL-33 and its receptor IL-1RL1 are therefore considered as putative biomarkers or targets for pharmacological intervention in asthma. This review will provide an overview of the genetics and biology of the IL-33/IL-1RL1 pathway in the context of asthma pathogenesis. It will discuss the potential and complexities of targeting the cytokine or its receptor, how genetics or biomarkers may inform precision medicine for asthma targeting this pathway, and the possible positioning of therapeutics targeting IL-33 or its receptor in the expanding landscape of novel biologicals applied in asthma management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Saikumar Jayalatha
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Laboratory of Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research (EXPIRE), Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - L Hesse
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Laboratory of Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research (EXPIRE), Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M E Ketelaar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Laboratory of Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research (EXPIRE), Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen University Medical Centre Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and Paediatric Allergology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - G H Koppelman
- University of Groningen University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen University Medical Centre Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and Paediatric Allergology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M C Nawijn
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Laboratory of Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research (EXPIRE), Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Silva JDC, Thompson-Souza GDA, Barroso MV, Neves JS, Figueiredo RT. Neutrophil and Eosinophil DNA Extracellular Trap Formation: Lessons From Pathogenic Fungi. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:634043. [PMID: 33679665 PMCID: PMC7929991 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.634043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections represent a worldwide health problem. Fungal pathogens are responsible for a variety of conditions, including superficial diseases, allergic pathologies and potentially lethal invasive infections. Neutrophils and eosinophils have been implicated as effector cells in several pathologies. Neutrophils are major effector cells involved in the control of fungal infections and exhibit a plethora of antifungal mechanisms, such as phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species production, degranulation, extracellular vesicle formation, and DNA extracellular trap (ET) release. Eosinophils are polymorphonuclear cells classically implicated as effector cells in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and helminthic infections, although their roles as immunomodulatory players in both innate and adaptive immunity are currently recognized. Eosinophils are also endowed with antifungal activities and are abundantly found in allergic conditions associated with fungal colonization and sensitization. Neutrophils and eosinophils have been demonstrated to release their nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in response to many pathogens and pro-inflammatory stimuli. ETs have been implicated in the killing and control of many pathogens, as well as in promoting inflammation and tissue damage. The formation of ETs by neutrophils and eosinophils has been described in response to pathogenic fungi. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanisms involved in the release of neutrophil and eosinophil ETs in response to fungal pathogens. General implications for understanding the formation of ETs and the roles of ETs in fungal infections are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana da Costa Silva
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Valente Barroso
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Josiane Sabbadini Neves
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Du X, Li F, Zhang C, Li N, Huang H, Shao Z, Zhang M, Zhan X, He Y, Ju Z, Li W, Chen Z, Ying S, Shen H. Eosinophil-derived chemokine (hCCL15/23, mCCL6) interacts with CCR1 to promote eosinophilic airway inflammation. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:91. [PMID: 33640900 PMCID: PMC7914252 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are terminally differentiated cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow. Several studies have confirmed the effective roles of eosinophils in asthmatic airway pathogenesis. However, their regulatory functions have not been well elucidated. Here, increased C-C chemokine ligand 6 (CCL6) in asthmatic mice and the human orthologs CCL15 and CCL23 that are highly expressed in asthma patients are described, which are mainly derived from eosinophils. Using Ccl6 knockout mice, further studies revealed CCL6-dependent allergic airway inflammation and committed eosinophilia in the bone marrow following ovalbumin (OVA) challenge and identified a CCL6-CCR1 regulatory axis in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Eosinophil differentiation and airway inflammation were remarkably decreased by the specific CCR1 antagonist BX471. Thus, the study identifies that the CCL6-CCR1 axis is involved in the crosstalk between eosinophils and HSCs during the development of allergic airway inflammation, which also reveals a potential therapeutic strategy for targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for future clinical treatment of asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Du
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Department of Anatomy, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Huaqiong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zhehua Shao
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Xueqin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yicheng He
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zhenyu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Songmin Ying
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China. .,International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Huahao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China. .,State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Masterson JC, Menard-Katcher C, Larsen LD, Furuta GT, Spencer LA. Heterogeneity of Intestinal Tissue Eosinophils: Potential Considerations for Next-Generation Eosinophil-Targeting Strategies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020426. [PMID: 33671475 PMCID: PMC7922004 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are implicated in the pathophysiology of a spectrum of eosinophil-associated diseases, including gastrointestinal eosinophilic diseases (EGIDs). Biologics that target the IL-5 pathway and are intended to ablate eosinophils have proved beneficial in severe eosinophilic asthma and may offer promise in treating some endotypes of EGIDs. However, destructive effector functions of eosinophils are only one side of the coin; eosinophils also play important roles in immune and tissue homeostasis. A growing body of data suggest tissue eosinophils represent a plastic and heterogeneous population of functional sub-phenotypes, shaped by environmental (systemic and local) pressures, which may differentially impact disease outcomes. This may be particularly relevant to the GI tract, wherein the highest density of eosinophils reside in the steady state, resident immune cells are exposed to an especially broad range of external and internal environmental pressures, and greater eosinophil longevity may uniquely enrich for co-expression of eosinophil sub-phenotypes. Here we review the growing evidence for functional sub-phenotypes of intestinal tissue eosinophils, with emphasis on the multifactorial pressures that shape and diversify eosinophil identity and potential targets to inform next-generation eosinophil-targeting strategies designed to restrain inflammatory eosinophil functions while sustaining homeostatic roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne C. Masterson
- Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Health Institute, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.C.M.); (C.M.-K.); (L.D.L.); (G.T.F.)
- GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Allergy, Inflammation & Remodeling Research Laboratory, Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Calies Menard-Katcher
- Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Health Institute, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.C.M.); (C.M.-K.); (L.D.L.); (G.T.F.)
| | - Leigha D. Larsen
- Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Health Institute, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.C.M.); (C.M.-K.); (L.D.L.); (G.T.F.)
| | - Glenn T. Furuta
- Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Health Institute, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.C.M.); (C.M.-K.); (L.D.L.); (G.T.F.)
- GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lisa A. Spencer
- Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Health Institute, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.C.M.); (C.M.-K.); (L.D.L.); (G.T.F.)
- GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-303-724-3277
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang Y, Yang Y, Wang M, Wang S, Jeong JM, Xu L, Wen Y, Emontzpohl C, Atkins CL, Duong K, Moreno NF, Yuan X, Hall DR, Dar W, Feng D, Gao B, Xu Y, Czigany Z, Colgan SP, Bynon JS, Akira S, Brown JM, Eltzschig HK, Jacobsen EA, Ju C. Eosinophils attenuate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice through ST2-dependent IL-13 production. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabb6576. [PMID: 33536281 PMCID: PMC8167890 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb6576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are a myeloid cell subpopulation that mediates type 2 T helper cell immune responses. Unexpectedly, we identified a rapid accumulation of eosinophils in 22 human liver grafts after hepatic transplantation. In contrast, no eosinophils were detectable in healthy liver tissues before transplantation. Studies with two genetic mouse models of eosinophil deficiency and a mouse model of antibody-mediated eosinophil depletion revealed exacerbated liver injury after hepatic ischemia and reperfusion. Adoptive transfer of bone marrow-derived eosinophils normalized liver injury of eosinophil-deficient mice and reduced hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury in wild-type mice. Mechanistic studies combining genetic and adoptive transfer approaches identified a critical role of suppression of tumorigenicity (ST2)-dependent production of interleukin-13 by eosinophils in the hepatoprotection against ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury. Together, these data provide insight into a mechanism of eosinophil-mediated liver protection that could serve as a therapeutic target to improve outcomes of patients undergoing liver transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaochun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shuhong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jong-Min Jeong
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yankai Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christoph Emontzpohl
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Constance Lynn Atkins
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kevin Duong
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nicolas F Moreno
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David R Hall
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wasim Dar
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Disease, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Disease, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zoltan Czigany
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - J Steve Bynon
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jared M Brown
- School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jacobsen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Knuplez E, Kienzl M, Trakaki A, Schicho R, Heinemann A, Sturm EM, Marsche G. The anti-parasitic drug miltefosine suppresses activation of human eosinophils and ameliorates allergic inflammation in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:1234-1248. [PMID: 33450054 PMCID: PMC9328393 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Miltefosine is an alkylphosphocholine drug with proven effectiveness against various types of parasites and cancer cells. Miltefosine is not only able to induce direct parasite killing but also modulates host immunity, for example by reducing the severity of allergies in patients. To date, there are no reports on the effect of miltefosine on eosinophils, central effector cells involved in allergic inflammation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We tested the effect of miltefosine on the activation of human eosinophils and their effector responses in vitro and in mouse models of eosinophilic migration and ovalbumin-induced allergic lung inflammation. KEY RESULTS The addition of miltefosine suppressed several eosinophilic effector reactions such as CD11b up-regulation, degranulation, chemotaxis and downstream signalling. Miltefosine significantly reduced the infiltration of immune cells into the respiratory tract of mice in an allergic cell recruitment model. Finally, in a model of allergic inflammation, treatment with miltefosine resulted in an improvement of lung function parameters. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our observations suggest a strong modulatory activity of miltefosine in the regulation of eosinophilic inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Our data underline the potential efficacy of miltefosine in the treatment of allergic diseases and other eosinophil-associated disorders and may raise important questions regarding the immunomodulatory effect of miltefosine in patients treated for leishmania infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Knuplez
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Melanie Kienzl
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Athina Trakaki
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Schicho
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva M Sturm
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Eosinophils in the Field of Nasal Polyposis: Towards a Better Understanding of Biologic Therapies. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 62:90-102. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
35
|
Liu C, Liu X, Zhang Y, Liu J, Yang C, Luo S, Liu T, Wang Y, Lindholt JS, Diederichsen A, Rasmussen LM, Dahl M, Sukhova GK, Lu G, Upchurch GR, Libby P, Guo J, Zhang J, Shi GP. Eosinophils Protect Mice From Angiotensin-II Perfusion-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Circ Res 2021; 128:188-202. [PMID: 33153394 PMCID: PMC7855167 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Blood eosinophil count and ECP (eosinophil cationic protein) associate with human cardiovascular diseases. Yet, whether eosinophils play a role in cardiovascular disease remains untested. The current study detected eosinophil accumulation in human and murine abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) lesions, suggesting eosinophil participation in this aortic disease. OBJECTIVE To test whether and how eosinophils affect AAA growth. METHODS AND RESULTS Population-based randomized clinically controlled screening trials revealed higher blood eosinophil count in 579 male patients with AAA than in 5063 non-AAA control (0.236±0.182 versus 0.211±0.154, 109/L, P<0.001). Univariate (odds ratio, 1.381, P<0.001) and multivariate (odds ratio, 1.237, P=0.031) logistic regression analyses indicated that increased blood eosinophil count in patients with AAA served as an independent risk factor of human AAA. Immunostaining and immunoblot analyses detected eosinophil accumulation and eosinophil cationic protein expression in human and murine AAA lesions. Results showed that eosinophil deficiency exacerbated AAA growth with increased lesion inflammatory cell contents, matrix-degrading protease activity, angiogenesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and smooth muscle cell loss using angiotensin-II perfusion-induced AAA in Apoe-/- and eosinophil-deficient Apoe-/-ΔdblGATA mice. Eosinophil deficiency increased lesion chemokine expression, muted lesion expression of IL (interleukin) 4 and eosinophil-associated-ribonuclease-1 (mEar1 [mouse EOS-associated-ribonuclease-1], human ECP homolog), and slanted M1 macrophage polarization. In cultured macrophages and monocytes, eosinophil-derived IL4 and mEar1 polarized M2 macrophages, suppressed CD11b+Ly6Chi monocytes, and increased CD11b+Ly6Clo monocytes. mEar1 treatment or adoptive transfer of eosinophil from wild-type and Il13-/- mice, but not eosinophil from Il4-/- mice, blocked AAA growth in Apoe-/-ΔdblGATA mice. Immunofluorescent staining and immunoblot analyses demonstrated a role for eosinophil IL4 and mEar1 in blocking NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) activation in macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Eosinophils play a protective role in AAA by releasing IL4 and cationic proteins such as mEar1 to regulate macrophage and monocyte polarization and to block NF-κB activation in aortic inflammatory and vascular cells.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Aged
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/prevention & control
- Cells, Cultured
- Dilatation, Pathologic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Eosinophils/metabolism
- Eosinophils/transplantation
- Female
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Monocytes/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Ribonucleases/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Conglin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research & Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chongzhe Yang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Songyuan Luo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tianxiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yunzhe Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jes S. Lindholt
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Elitary Research Centre of personalised medicine in arterial disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Viborg Hospital, Denmark
| | - Axel Diederichsen
- Elitary Research Centre of personalised medicine in arterial disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars M. Rasmussen
- Elitary Research Centre of personalised medicine in arterial disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marie Dahl
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Viborg Hospital, Denmark
| | - Galina K. Sukhova
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Guanyi Lu
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gilbert R. Upchurch
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Junli Guo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research & Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mattei F, Andreone S, Marone G, Gambardella AR, Loffredo S, Varricchi G, Schiavoni G. Eosinophils in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1273:1-28. [PMID: 33119873 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49270-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are rare blood-circulating and tissue-infiltrating immune cells studied for decades in the context of allergic diseases and parasitic infections. Eosinophils can secrete a wide array of soluble mediators and effector molecules, with potential immunoregulatory activities in the tumor microenvironment (TME). These findings imply that these cells may play a role in cancer immunity. Despite these cells were known to infiltrate tumors since many years ago, their role in TME is gaining attention only recently. In this chapter, we will review the main biological functions of eosinophils that can be relevant within the TME. We will discuss how these cells may undergo phenotypic changes acquiring pro- or antitumoricidal properties according to the surrounding stimuli. Moreover, we will analyze canonical (i.e., degranulation) and unconventional mechanisms (i.e., DNA traps, exosome secretion) employed by eosinophils in inflammatory contexts, which can be relevant for tumor immune responses. Finally, we will review the available preclinical models that could be employed for the study of the role in vivo of eosinophils in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Mattei
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Andreone
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali dei Colli - Monaldi Hospital Pharmacy, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. .,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy. .,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Schiavoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Lineage commitment is governed by instructive and stochastic signals, which drive both active induction of the lineage program and repression of alternative fates. Eosinophil lineage commitment is driven by the ordered interaction of transcription factors, supported by cytokine signals. This review summarizes key findings in the study of eosinophil lineage commitment and examines new data investigating the factors that regulate this process. RECENT FINDINGS Recent and past studies highlight how intrinsic and extrinsic signals modulate transcription factor network and lineage decisions. Early action of the transcription factors C/EBPα and GATA binding protein-1 along with C/EBPε supports lineage commitment and eosinophil differentiation. This process is regulated and enforced by the pseudokinase Trib1, a regulator of C/EBPα levels. The cytokines interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-33 also support early eosinophil development. However, current studies suggest that these cytokines are not specifically required for lineage commitment. SUMMARY Together, recent evidence suggests a model where early transcription factor activity drives expression of key eosinophil genes and cytokine receptors to prime lineage commitment. Understanding the factors and signals that control eosinophil lineage commitment may guide therapeutic development for eosinophil-mediated diseases and provide examples for fate choices in other lineages.
Collapse
|
38
|
Doyle AD, Masuda MY, Kita H, Wright BL. Eosinophils in Eosinophilic Esophagitis: The Road to Fibrostenosis is Paved With Good Intentions. Front Immunol 2020; 11:603295. [PMID: 33335531 PMCID: PMC7736408 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an antigen-driven disease associated with epithelial barrier dysfunction and chronic type 2 inflammation. Eosinophils are the defining feature of EoE histopathology but relatively little is known about their role in disease onset and progression. Classically defined as destructive, end-stage effector cells, eosinophils (a resident leukocyte in most of the GI tract) are increasingly understood to play roles in local immunity, tissue homeostasis, remodeling, and repair. Indeed, asymptomatic esophageal eosinophilia is observed in IgE-mediated food allergy. Interestingly, EoE is a potential complication of oral immunotherapy (OIT) for food allergy. However, we recently found that patients with peanut allergy may have asymptomatic esophageal eosinophilia at baseline and that peanut OIT induces transient esophageal eosinophilia in most subjects. This is seemingly at odds with multiple studies which have shown that EoE disease severity correlates with tissue eosinophilia. Herein, we review the potential role of eosinophils in EoE at different stages of disease pathogenesis. Based on current literature we suggest the following: (1) eosinophils are recruited to the esophagus as a homeostatic response to epithelial barrier disruption; (2) eosinophils mediate barrier-protective activities including local antibody production, mucus production and epithelial turnover; and (3) when type 2 inflammation persists, eosinophils promote fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfred D Doyle
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Mia Y Masuda
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Benjamin L Wright
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States.,Division of Pulmonology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kanda A, Yasutaka Y, Van Bui D, Suzuki K, Sawada S, Kobayashi Y, Asako M, Iwai H. Multiple Biological Aspects of Eosinophils in Host Defense, Eosinophil-Associated Diseases, Immunoregulation, and Homeostasis: Is Their Role Beneficial, Detrimental, Regulator, or Bystander? Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:20-30. [PMID: 31902927 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are innate immune leukocytes and play important roles as terminal effector cells owing to their mediators, such as tissue-destructive cationic proteins, cytokines, chemokines, and lipid mediators. Historically, they are not only considered an important player in host defense against parasitic, viral, fungal, and bacterial infections but also implicated in the pathogenesis of eosinophil-associated diseases, such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis, esophagitis, atopic dermatitis, myopathies, and hypereosinophilic syndrome. Moreover, recent studies have shown that eosinophils have an immune regulatory and homeostatic function. Interestingly, there is emerging evidence that eosinophils are accumulated through adoptive T-helper 2 (Th2) and innate Th2 responses, mechanisms of the classical allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated response, and group 2 innate lymphoid cell-derived interleukin-5, respectively. Furthermore, in agreement with current concepts of eosinophil subtypes, it has been shown that resident and phenotypically distinct eosinophils, i.e., resident and recruited inflammatory eosinophils, exist in inflamed sites, and each has different functions. Thus, the classical and novel studies suggest that eosinophils have multiple functions, and their roles may be altered by the environment. In this article, we review multiple biological aspects of eosinophils (novel and classical roles), including their beneficial and detrimental effects, immunoregulation, and homeostatic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kanda
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University.,Allergy Center, Kansai Medical University
| | - Yun Yasutaka
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University
| | - Dan Van Bui
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University
| | - Kensuke Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University
| | - Shunsuke Sawada
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University
| | - Yoshiki Kobayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University.,Allergy Center, Kansai Medical University
| | - Mikiya Asako
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University.,Allergy Center, Kansai Medical University
| | - Hiroshi Iwai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kansai Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhu C, Weng QY, Zhou LR, Cao C, Li F, Wu YF, Wu YP, Li M, Hu Y, Shen JX, Xiong XF, Lan F, Xia LX, Zhang B, Zhang H, Huang M, Ying SM, Shen HH, Chen ZH, Li W. Homeostatic and early-recruited CD101 - eosinophils suppress endotoxin-induced acute lung injury. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:13993003.02354-2019. [PMID: 32527738 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02354-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute lung injury (ALI) is a fatal but undertreated condition with severe neutrophilic inflammation, although little is known about the functions of eosinophils in the pathogenesis of ALI. Our objectives were to investigate the roles and molecular mechanisms of eosinophils in ALI. METHODS Pulmonary eosinophils were identified by flow cytometry. Mice with abundant or deficient eosinophils were used. Cellularity of eosinophils and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, inflammatory assessment, and survival rate were determined. Human samples were also used for validating experimental results. RESULTS Blood eosinophils were increased in surviving patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) independent of corticosteroid usage. There existed homeostatic eosinophils in lung parenchyma in mice and these homeostatic eosinophils, originating from the bone marrow, were predominantly CD101-. More CD101- eosinophils could be recruited earlier than lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-initiated neutrophilic inflammation. Loss of eosinophils augmented LPS-induced pulmonary injury. Homeostatic CD101- eosinophils ameliorated, while allergic CD101+ eosinophils exacerbated, the neutrophilic inflammation induced by LPS. Likewise, CD101 expression in eosinophils from ARDS patients did not differ from healthy subjects. Mechanistically, CD101- eosinophils exhibited higher levels of Alox15 and Protectin D1. Administration of Protectin D1 isomer attenuated the neutrophilic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings identify an uncovered function of native CD101- eosinophils in suppressing neutrophilic lung inflammation and suggest a potential therapeutic target for ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Qing-Yu Weng
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Ling-Ren Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Chao Cao
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Fang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Xin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Fang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Dept of Respiratory Medicine, The Central Hospital of Lishui City, Lishui, China
| | - Fen Lan
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Xia Xia
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Man Huang
- Dept of Central Intensive Care Unit, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song-Min Ying
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Hao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Lab for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,These authors contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Zhi-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,These authors contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,These authors contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Alessandrini F, Musiol S, Schneider E, Blanco-Pérez F, Albrecht M. Mimicking Antigen-Driven Asthma in Rodent Models-How Close Can We Get? Front Immunol 2020; 11:575936. [PMID: 33101301 PMCID: PMC7555606 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with increasing prevalence worldwide characterized by chronic airway inflammation, increased mucus secretion and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The phenotypic heterogeneity among asthmatic patients is accompanied by different endotypes, mainly Type 2 or non-Type 2. To investigate the pathomechanism of this complex disease many animal models have been developed, each trying to mimic specific aspects of the human disease. Rodents have classically been employed in animal models of asthma. The present review provides an overview of currently used Type 2 vs. non-Type 2 rodent asthma models, both acute and chronic. It further assesses the methods used to simulate disease development and exacerbations as well as to quantify allergic airway inflammation, including lung physiologic, cellular and molecular immunologic responses. Furthermore, the employment of genetically modified animals, which provide an in-depth understanding of the role of a variety of molecules, signaling pathways and receptors implicated in the development of this disease as well as humanized models of allergic inflammation, which have been recently developed to overcome differences between the rodent and human immune systems, are discussed. Nevertheless, differences between mice and humans should be carefully considered and limits of extrapolation should be wisely taken into account when translating experimental results into clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Alessandrini
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Musiol
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Evelyn Schneider
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frank Blanco-Pérez
- Molecular Allergology/Vice President's Research Group, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Melanie Albrecht
- Molecular Allergology/Vice President's Research Group, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Inoue A, Tanaka Y, Ohira S, Matsuura K, Kondo M, Wada K. High CD4 + T-Cell/B-Cell Ratio in the Paranasal Sinus Mucosa of Patients with Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 25:e416-e420. [PMID: 34377178 PMCID: PMC8321647 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is commonly classified based on the presence or absence of nasal polyps (NPs). Eosinophil infiltration is observed in NPs of patients in Western countries. In contrast, in East Asian countries, including Japan, CRS with NPs (CRSwNP) is subdivided based on the presence (eosinophilic CRS [ECRS]) or absence (non-eosinophilic CRS [NECRS]) of eosinophils in NPs. However, detailed analyses of other immune cells, such as lymphocytes, in NPs have not been performed. Therefore, clarification of the types of cells that infiltrate NPs is important to understand CRS pathogenesis.
Objectives
We analyzed the lymphocytes that infiltrate the paranasal sinus mucosa of ECRS and NECRS patients.
Methods
Eighteen patients with CRSwNP participated in this study, out of whom 6 were NECRS patients, and 12 were ECRS patients. The mucosa specimens, collected from patients during sinus surgeries, were subjected to collagenase treatment to prepare single cell suspensions. Then, mononuclear cells were isolated, and CD4
+
T, CD8
+
T, and CD20
+
B-cell populations were examined using flow cytometry.
Results
In both NECRS and ECRS patients, CD8
+
T-cells were dominant over CD4
+
T-cells. Notably, CD4
+
T-cell/B-cell ratio, but not CD8
+
T-cell/B-cell or CD4
+
T-cell/CD8
+
T-cell ratios, was significantly higher in ECRS patients than in NECRS patients.
Conclusion
The CD4
+
T-cell/B-cell ratio can be used as a potential indicator to differentiate between ECRS and NECRS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Inoue
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Immunology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Ohira
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Matsuura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motonari Kondo
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kota Wada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chu X, Zhao J, Zhou J, Zhou F, Jiang T, Jiang S, Sun X, You X, Wu F, Ren S, Zhou C, Su C. Association of baseline peripheral-blood eosinophil count with immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis and clinical outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. Lung Cancer 2020; 150:76-82. [PMID: 33080551 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the oncologic treatment landscape, but have been accompanied by immune-related adverse events (irAEs). ICI-related pneumonitis (ICI-pneumonitis) is a potentially fatal irAE. However, the risk factors associated with ICI-pneumonitis remain unclear. There is an urgent need to identify risk factors for ICI-pneumonitis using reliable and accessible parameters. Here, we aimed to identify baseline peripheral-blood biomarkers correlated with ICI-pneumonitis and clinical outcomes in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were treated with ICIs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of eligible patients with advanced NSCLC who were treated with ICIs at our center. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal cutoff value for analyzing risk of ICI-pneumonitis. Multivariate logistic analysis was performed to identify risk factors of ICI-pneumonitis. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes were collected and compared according to the optimal cutoff value. RESULTS A total of 300 patients were included, in which 54 patients (18 %) experienced ICI-pneumonitis. Patients with ICI-pneumonitis had a high level of baseline peripheral-blood absolute eosinophil count (AEC) than those without ICI-pneumonitis (P = 0.013). The optimal threshold of baseline peripheral-blood AEC to predict ICI-pneumonitis was 0.125 × 109 cells/L. The incidence of ICI-pneumonitis was higher in the high-AEC group (AEC ≥ 0.125 × 109 cells/L; 27.7 %) than in the low-AEC group (AEC < 0.125 × 109 cells/L; 9.8 %, P < 0.001). Moreover, patients with high AEC (compared with those with low AEC) had a higher objective response rate (ORR) (40.9 % versus 28.8 %, P = 0.029) and longer median progression-free survival (PFS) (8.93 months versus 5.87 months, P = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS Among patients treated with ICIs, a baseline feature of high AEC (≥0.125 × 109 cells/L) was associated with an increasing risk of ICI-pneumonitis, and with a better clinical outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Sen Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Xiwen Sun
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Xiaofang You
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Fengying Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Shengxiang Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Chunxia Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Elevated Levels of Activated and Pathogenic Eosinophils Characterize Moderate-Severe House Dust Mite Allergic Rhinitis. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8085615. [PMID: 32855977 PMCID: PMC7443015 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8085615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils play a critical role in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation. However, the relative importance of eosinophil activation and pathogenicity in driving the progression of disease severity of allergic rhinitis (AR) remains to be defined. We aimed to assess the relation of activated and pathogenic eosinophils with disease severity of patients with AR. Peripheral blood and nasal samples were collected from patients with mild (n = 10) and moderate-severe (n = 21) house dust mite AR and healthy control subjects (n = 10) recruited prospectively. Expressions of activation and pathogenic markers on eosinophils in the blood and nose were analyzed by flow cytometry. The eosinophilic cation protein- (ECP-) releasing potential and the pro-Th2 function of blood eosinophils were compared between the mild and moderate-severe patients and healthy controls. Our results showed that the numbers of activated (CD44+ and CD69+) and pathogenic (CD101+CD274+) eosinophils in the blood and nose as well as blood eosinophil progenitors were increased in moderate-severe AR compared with the mild patients and healthy controls. In addition, the levels of activated and pathogenic eosinophils in the blood were positively correlated with the total nasal symptom score and serum ECP and eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) levels in patients with AR. Furthermore, the blood eosinophils obtained from the moderate-severe patients exhibited a higher potential of releasing ECP and EPX induced by CCL11 and of promoting Th2 responses than those from the mild patients and healthy controls. In conclusion, patients with moderate-severe AR are characterized by elevated levels of activated and pathogenic eosinophils, which are associated with higher production of ECP, EPX, and IL-4 in the peripheral blood.
Collapse
|
45
|
Intranasal administration of budesonide-loaded nanocapsule microagglomerates as an innovative strategy for asthma treatment. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 10:1700-1715. [PMID: 32789546 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00813-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The co-existence with rhinitis limits the control of asthma. Compared with oral H1 receptor antagonists, intranasal corticosteroids have been demonstrated to provide greater relief of all symptoms of rhinitis and are recommended as first-line treatment for allergic rhinitis. Intrinsic limitations of nasal delivery, such as the presence of the protective mucous layer, the relentless mucociliary clearance, and the consequent reduced residence time of the formulation in the nasal cavity, limit budesonide efficacy to the treatment of local nasal symptoms. To overcome these limitations and to enable the treatment of asthma via nasal administration, we developed a budesonide-loaded lipid-core nanocapsule (BudNC) microagglomerate powder by spray-drying using a one-step innovative approach. BudNC was obtained, as a white powder, using L-leucine as adjuvant with 75 ± 6% yield. The powder showed a bimodal size distribution curve by laser diffraction with a principal peak just above 3 μm and a second one around 0.45 μm and a drug content determined by HPLC of 8.7 mg of budesonide per gram. In vivo after nasal administration, BudNC showed an improved efficacy in terms of reduction of immune cell influx; production of eotaxin-1, the main inflammatory chemokine; and arrest of airways remodeling when compared with a commercial budesonide product in both short- and long-term asthma models. In addition, data showed that the results in the long-term asthma model were more compelling than the results obtained in the short-term model. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
|
46
|
Feng S, Ju L, Shao Z, Grzanna M, Jia L, Liu M. Therapeutic Effect of C-C Chemokine Receptor Type 1 (CCR1) Antagonist BX471 on Allergic Rhinitis. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:343-356. [PMID: 32801828 PMCID: PMC7398876 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s254717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective and Design Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated inflammatory respiratory hypersensitivity characterized by elevated Th2 cytokines and infiltration of inflammatory cells to nasal tissues. BX471 is a small-molecule C-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1) antagonist involved in suppression of inflammation via blocking of primary ligands. In this study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effect of BX471 on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR mice model. Materials and Methods Levels of OVA-specific IgE and Th1 cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Nasal expression of proinflammatory mediators was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Nasal-cavity sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) to study eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia. Relative protein levels of Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) and Toll-like-receptor 2 (TLR2) were assessed by Western Blot. Percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (Treg) was measured by flow cytometry. Results Mice treated with BX471 showed significantly relieved sneezing and nasal-rubbing behaviors. The expression of nasal proinflammatory factors was significantly downregulated by BX471, and protein levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α) and NF-kB were suppressed. Blockade of CCR1 ligands inhibited eosinophil recruitment in nasal cavity. In addition, Treg cells population were upregulated in BX471-treated mice. Conclusion BX471 exerts anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse model of AR by inhibiting CCR1-mediated TNF-α production, which subsequently suppresses NF-kB activation in inflammatory cells, leading to a decrease in Th2 cytokines, IL-1β, VCAM-1, GM-CSF, RANTES, and MIP-1α expression levels, thus inhibiting eosinophil recruitment to nasal mucosa. In addition, BX-471 exhibits anti-allergic effect by increasing Treg cell population. Overall, BX471 represents a promising therapeutic strategy against AR. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/ERjzrETqVkE
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suoyi Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, People's Republic of China.,Science Department, The John Carroll School, Bel Air, Maryland, USA
| | - Longzhu Ju
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Mark Grzanna
- Science Department, The John Carroll School, Bel Air, Maryland, USA
| | - Lu Jia
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province 030619, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150069, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Onyema OO, Guo Y, Hata A, Kreisel D, Gelman AE, Jacobsen EA, Krupnick AS. Deciphering the role of eosinophils in solid organ transplantation. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:924-930. [PMID: 31647606 PMCID: PMC7842192 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophils are rare granulocytes that belong to the innate arm of the immune system. This cell population is traditionally defined as a destructive and cytotoxic mediator in asthma and helminth infection. Limited data in transplantation have suggested that eosinophils play a similar role in potentiating deleterious organ inflammation and immunologic rejection. Contrary to this long-held notion, recent data have uncovered the possibility that eosinophils play an alternative role in immune homeostasis, defense against a wide range of pathogens, as well as downregulation of deleterious inflammation. Specifically, translational data from small animal models of lung transplantation have demonstrated a critical role for eosinophils in the downregulation of alloimmunity. These findings shed new light on the unique immunologic features of the lung allograft and demonstrate that environmental polarization may alter the phenotype and function of leukocyte populations previously thought to be static in nature. In this review, we provide an update on eosinophils in the homeostasis of the lung as well as other solid organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Okwudiri Onyema
- Department of Surgery, Carter Center for Immunology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Yizhan Guo
- Department of Surgery, Carter Center for Immunology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Atsushi Hata
- Department of Surgery, Carter Center for Immunology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew E. Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Jacobsen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Alexander Sasha Krupnick
- Department of Surgery, Carter Center for Immunology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dietschmann A, Schruefer S, Krappmann S, Voehringer D. Th2 cells promote eosinophil-independent pathology in a murine model of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1044-1056. [PMID: 32108934 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Repeated inhalation of airborne conidia derived from the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) can lead to a severe eosinophil-dominated inflammatory condition of the lung termed allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). ABPA affects about 5 million individuals worldwide and the mechanisms regulating lung pathology in ABPA are poorly understood. Here, we used a mouse model of ABPA to investigate the role of eosinophils and T cell-derived IL-4/IL-13 for induction of allergic lung inflammation. Selective deletion of IL-4/IL-13 in T cells blunted the Af-induced lung eosinophilia and further resulted in lower expression of STAT6-regulated chemokines and effector proteins such as Arginase 1, Relm-α, Relm-β, and Muc5a/c. Eosinophil-deficient ΔdblGata mice showed lower IL-4 expression in the lung and the number of Th2 cells in the lung parenchyma was reduced. However, expression of the goblet cell markers Clca1 and Muc5a/c, abundance of mucin-positive cells, as well as weight gain of lungs were comparable between Af-challenged ΔdblGata and WT mice. Based on these results, we conclude that T cell-derived IL-4/IL-13 is essential for Af-induced lung eosinophilia and inflammation while eosinophils may play a more subtle immunomodulatory role and should not simply be regarded as pro-inflammatory effector cells in ABPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Dietschmann
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schruefer
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immuology and Hygiene, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Sven Krappmann
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immuology and Hygiene, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - David Voehringer
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
There are multiple proinflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of asthma. These include both innate and adaptive inflammation, in addition to inflammatory and physiologic responses mediated by eicosanoids. An important component of the innate allergic immune response is ILC2 activated by interleukin (IL)-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and IL-25 to produce IL-5 and IL-13. In terms of the adaptive T-lymphocyte immunity, CD4+ Th2 and IL-17-producing cells are critical in the inflammatory responses in asthma. Last, eicosanoids involved in asthma pathogenesis include prostaglandin D2 and the cysteinyl leukotrienes that promote smooth muscle constriction and inflammation that propagate allergic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Stokes Peebles
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, VUMC, T-1218 MCN, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232-2650, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, VUMC, T-1218 MCN, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232-2650, USA.
| | - Mark A Aronica
- Department of Pathobiology, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, CWRU, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NB2-85, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chen X, Xu Z, Wei C, Yang X, Xu L, Zhou S, Zhu J, Su C. Follicular helper T cells recruit eosinophils into host liver by producing CXCL12 during Schistosoma japonicum infection. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2566-2572. [PMID: 31912645 PMCID: PMC7028866 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis affects at least 200 million people in tropical and subtropical areas. The major pathology of schistosomiasis is egg‐induced liver granuloma characterized by an eosinophil‐rich inflammatory infiltration around the eggs, which subsequently leads to hepatic fibrosis and circulatory impairment in host. However, the mechanisms how eosinophils are recruited into the liver, which are crucial for the better understanding of the mechanisms underlying granuloma formation and control of schistosomiasis, remain unclear. In this study, we showed that follicular helper T (Tfh) cells participate in recruitment of eosinophils into liver partially by producing CXCL12 during schistosome infection. Our findings uncovered a previously unappreciated role of Tfh cells in promotion of the development of liver granuloma in schistosomiasis, making Tfh‐CXCL12‐eosinophil axis a potential target for intervention of schistosomiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuan Wei
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - XiaoWei Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sha Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jifeng Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuan Su
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|