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Kanwar K, Bashey S, Bohnsack BL, Drackley A, Ing A, Rahmani S, Ranaivo HR, McMullen P, Skol A, Yap K, Allegretti V, Rossen JL. Ocular manifestations of CHARGE syndrome in a pediatric cohort with genotype/phenotype analysis. Am J Med Genet A 2024:e63618. [PMID: 38597178 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is a rare multi-system condition associated with CHD7 variants. However, ocular manifestations and particularly ophthalmic genotype-phenotype associations, are not well-studied. This study evaluated ocular manifestations and genotype-phenotype associations in pediatric patients with CHARGE syndrome. A retrospective chart review included pediatric patients under 20 years-old with clinical diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome and documented ophthalmic examination. Demographics, genetic testing, and ocular findings were collected. Comprehensive literature review enhanced the genotype-phenotype analysis. Forty-two patients (20 male) underwent eye examination at an average age of 9.45 ± 6.52 years-old. Thirty-nine (93%) had ophthalmic manifestations in at least one eye. Optic nerve/chorioretinal colobomas were most common (38 patients), followed by microphthalmia (13), cataract (6), and iris colobomas (4). Extraocular findings included strabismus (32 patients), nasolacrimal duct obstructions (11, 5 with punctal agenesis), and cranial nerve VII palsy (10). Genotype-phenotype analyses (27 patients) showed variability in ocular phenotypes without association to location or variant types. Splicing (10 patients) and frameshift (10) variants were most prevalent. Patients with CHARGE syndrome may present with a myriad of ophthalmic manifestations. There is limited data regarding genotype-phenotype correlations and additional studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Kanwar
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Saffiya Bashey
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brenda L Bohnsack
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andy Drackley
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexander Ing
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Safa Rahmani
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hantamalala Ralay Ranaivo
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Patrick McMullen
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew Skol
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kailee Yap
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Valerie Allegretti
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jennifer L Rossen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Bai T, Shen Y, Yang Y, Dai S, Liu H. Maternal CHD7 gonosomal mosaicism in a fetus with CHARGE syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63491. [PMID: 38057991 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Parental mosaicism is important in families with de novo mutations. Herein, we report a case of fetal CHARGE syndrome (CS) with a CHD7 variant inherited from maternal CHD7 gonosomal mosaicism. The variant was detected through trio-based whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing. High-depth whole-exome sequencing was performed for the identification of parental mosaicism. A novel heterozygous CHD7 nonsense mutation (c.5794G>T/ p.E1932*) was detected in the tissue from the aborted fetus. The parents were wild-type, indicating that the mutation was a de novo variant. The mutation was suspected to be the cause of the fetal CS. However, high-depth whole-exome sequencing revealed maternal gonosomal mosaicism at a variant allele frequency of 3.2%-23.3%. The variant was identified in various tissues (peripheral blood, hair follicles, buccal epithelia, and pharyngeal epithelia) from the asymptomatic mother. We confirmed maternal CHD7 gonosomal mosaicism as a genetic cause of fetal CS. Our results emphasize the importance of clinical analysis in accurately determining the parents' status in detecting the CHD7 de novo variant in fetal CS, as this analysis has vital implications for evaluating the recurrence risk for genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Bai
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (SCU-CUHK), Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanting Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyu Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongqian Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Szleper A, Lachowska M, Wojciechowski T, Pronicka-Iwanicka K. Detailed analysis of inner ear malformations in CHARGE syndrome patients - correlation with audiological results and proposal for computed tomography scans evaluation methodology. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 90:101383. [PMID: 38219448 PMCID: PMC10826126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2023.101383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to describe the spectrum of inner ear malformations in CHARGE syndrome and propose a Computed Tomography (CT) detailed scan evaluation methodology. The secondary aim was to correlate the CT findings with hearing thresholds. METHODS Twenty ears of ten patients diagnosed with CHARGE syndrome were subjected to CT analysis focusing on the inner ear and internal acoustic canal. The protocol used is presented in detail. ASSR results were analyzed and correlated with inner ear malformations. RESULTS Cochlear hypoplasia type III was the most common malformation found in 12 ears (60%). Cochlear hypoplasia type II, aplasia with a dilated vestibule, and rudimentary otocyst were also identified. In 20%, no cochlear anomaly was found. The lateral Semicircular Canal (SCC) absence affected 100% of ears, the absence of the posterior SCC 95%, and the superior SCC 65%. Better development of cochlea structures and IAC correlated significantly with the lower hearing thresholds. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that rudimentary SCC or a complete absence of these SCCs was universally observed in all patients diagnosed with CHARGE syndrome. This finding supports the idea that inner ear anomalies are a hallmark feature of the CHARGE, contributing to its distinct clinical profile. The presence of inner ear malformations has substantial clinical implications. Audiological assessments are crucial for CHARGE syndrome, as hearing loss is common. Early detection of these malformations can guide appropriate interventions, such as hearing aids or cochlear implants, which may significantly improve developmental outcomes and communication for affected individuals. Recognizing inner ear malformations as a diagnostic criterion presents implications beyond clinical diagnosis. A better understanding of these malformations can advance the knowledge of CHARGE pathophysiology. It may also help guide future research into targeted therapies to mitigate the impact of inner ear anomalies on hearing and balance function. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Szleper
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Lachowska
- Department of Otolaryngology, Audiology and Phoniatrics, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Wojciechowski
- Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Husson T, Lecoquierre F, Nicolas G, Richard AC, Afenjar A, Audebert-Bellanger S, Badens C, Bilan F, Bizaoui V, Boland A, Bonnet-Dupeyron MN, Brischoux-Boucher E, Bonnet C, Bournez M, Boute O, Brunelle P, Caumes R, Charles P, Chassaing N, Chatron N, Cogné B, Colin E, Cormier-Daire V, Dard R, Dauriat B, Delanne J, Deleuze JF, Demurger F, Denommé-Pichon AS, Depienne C, Dieux A, Dubourg C, Edery P, El Chehadeh S, Faivre L, Fergelot P, Fradin M, Garde A, Geneviève D, Gilbert-Dussardier B, Goizet C, Goldenberg A, Gouy E, Guerrot AM, Guimier A, Harzalla I, Héron D, Isidor B, Lacombe D, Le Guillou Horn X, Keren B, Kuechler A, Lacaze E, Lavillaureix A, Lehalle D, Lesca G, Lespinasse J, Levy J, Lyonnet S, Morel G, Jean-Marçais N, Marlin S, Marsili L, Mignot C, Nambot S, Nizon M, Olaso R, Pasquier L, Perrin L, Petit F, Pingault V, Piton A, Prieur F, Putoux A, Planes M, Odent S, Quélin C, Quemener-Redon S, Rama M, Rio M, Rossi M, Schaefer E, Rondeau S, Saugier-Veber P, Smol T, Sigaudy S, Touraine R, Mau-Them FT, Trimouille A, Van Gils J, Vanlerberghe C, Vantalon V, Vera G, Vincent M, Ziegler A, Guillin O, Campion D, Charbonnier C. Episignatures in practice: independent evaluation of published episignatures for the molecular diagnostics of ten neurodevelopmental disorders. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:190-199. [PMID: 37872275 PMCID: PMC10853222 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants of uncertain significance (VUS) are a significant issue for the molecular diagnosis of rare diseases. The publication of episignatures as effective biomarkers of certain Mendelian neurodevelopmental disorders has raised hopes to help classify VUS. However, prediction abilities of most published episignatures have not been independently investigated yet, which is a prerequisite for an informed and rigorous use in a diagnostic setting. We generated DNA methylation data from 101 carriers of (likely) pathogenic variants in ten different genes, 57 VUS carriers, and 25 healthy controls. Combining published episignature information and new validation data with a k-nearest-neighbour classifier within a leave-one-out scheme, we provide unbiased specificity and sensitivity estimates for each of the signatures. Our procedure reached 100% specificity, but the sensitivities unexpectedly spanned a very large spectrum. While ATRX, DNMT3A, KMT2D, and NSD1 signatures displayed a 100% sensitivity, CREBBP-RSTS and one of the CHD8 signatures reached <40% sensitivity on our dataset. Remaining Cornelia de Lange syndrome, KMT2A, KDM5C and CHD7 signatures reached 70-100% sensitivity at best with unstable performances, suffering from heterogeneous methylation profiles among cases and rare discordant samples. Our results call for cautiousness and demonstrate that episignatures do not perform equally well. Some signatures are ready for confident use in a diagnostic setting. Yet, it is imperative to characterise the actual validity perimeter and interpretation of each episignature with the help of larger validation sample sizes and in a broader set of episignatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Husson
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Psychiatry, F-76000, Rouen, France
- Department of Research, Centre hospitalier du Rouvray, Sotteville-Lès-Rouen, France
| | - François Lecoquierre
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Gaël Nicolas
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Anne-Claire Richard
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Alexandra Afenjar
- APHP. Sorbonne Université, Centre de Référence Malformations et maladies congénitales du cervelet et déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares, département de génétique et embryologie médicale, Hôpital Trousseau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | | | - Catherine Badens
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, Marseille, France; APHM, service de génétique, Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Bilan
- CHU de Poitiers, Service de Génétique Médicale and Université de Poitiers, INSERM U1084, LNEC, F- 86000, Poitiers, France
| | - Varoona Bizaoui
- Service de génétique et neurodéveloppement, Pôle de Santé Mentale Enfant et Adolescent, Centre Hospitalier de l'Estran, Pontorson, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), 91057, Evry, France
| | | | - Elise Brischoux-Boucher
- Centre de génétique humaine, CHU Besancon, Universite de Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Besancon, France
| | - Céline Bonnet
- Laboratoire de génétique médicale, CHRU Nancy, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM UMR_S1256, NGERE, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Marie Bournez
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, FHU TRANSLAD, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Odile Boute
- CHU Lille, Clinique de génétique Guy Fontaine, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Perrine Brunelle
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7364 - RADEME - Institut de Génétique Médicale, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Roseline Caumes
- CHU Lille, Clinique de génétique Guy Fontaine, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Perrine Charles
- Département de génétique clinique, centre de référence des déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares, GHU Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicolas Chatron
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institute NeuroMyoGène, Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261 -INSERM U1315, Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin Cogné
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Estelle Colin
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares, hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Rodolphe Dard
- Génétique médicale, CHI Poissy-Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 78300, Poissy, France
| | - Benjamin Dauriat
- Service de cytogénétique et génétique médicale, Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Julian Delanne
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de référence « Déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares », FHU TRANSLAD, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
- Équipe GAD, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), 91057, Evry, France
| | | | - Anne-Sophie Denommé-Pichon
- Équipe GAD, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic génomique des maladies rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Christel Depienne
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anne Dieux
- CHU Lille, Clinique de génétique Guy Fontaine, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Christèle Dubourg
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement), CNRS UMR 6290, INSERM ERL 1305, Rennes, France
| | - Patrick Edery
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, Genetics of Neurodevelopment (GENDEV) Team, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Salima El Chehadeh
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, CNRS-UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, UMRS 1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Université de Strasbourg et INSERM, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de référence « Déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares », FHU TRANSLAD, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
- Équipe GAD, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Patricia Fergelot
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Bordeaux and INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mélanie Fradin
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement de l'Ouest, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Aurore Garde
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de référence « Déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares », FHU TRANSLAD, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
- Équipe GAD, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - David Geneviève
- Université Montpellier, Inserm U1183, Montpellier, France
- Centre de référence anomalies du développement et syndromes malformatifs, Génétique Clinique, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Cyril Goizet
- NRGEN team, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, EPHE, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Neurogénétique, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU Bordeaux), Bordeaux, France
| | - Alice Goldenberg
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Evan Gouy
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Génétique et neurobiologie de C.elegans, MéLis (CNRS UMR 5284 -INSERM U1314), Institut NeuroMyogene, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Marie Guerrot
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Anne Guimier
- Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares - GHU Necker- Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Inès Harzalla
- Service de Génétique, CHU Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Delphine Héron
- APHP.Sorbonne Université, Département de Génétique, Hôpital Trousseau & Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Bordeaux and INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Xavier Le Guillou Horn
- CHU de Poitiers, Service de Génétique Médicale, F - 86000, Poitiers, France
- Université de Poitiers, CNRS 7348, LabCom I3M-Dactim mis / LMA, F-86000, Poitiers, France
| | - Boris Keren
- Département de génétique médicale, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Alma Kuechler
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elodie Lacaze
- Le Havre Hospital, Department of Medical Genetics, F 76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Alinoë Lavillaureix
- CHU Rennes, Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Anomalies du développement, FHU GenOMedS, Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR, UMR 6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France
| | - Daphné Lehalle
- APHP.Sorbonne Université, Département de Génétique, Hôpital Trousseau & Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Gaëtan Lesca
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - James Lespinasse
- UF de génétique médicale, Centre Hospitalier Métropole Savoie, BP 31135, 73011, Chambéry, France
| | - Jonathan Levy
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants malades, APHP, Paris, France
- Laboratoire embryologie et génétique des malformations, Institut Imagine, UMR-II63, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, GHU Necker- Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Godeliève Morel
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement de l'Ouest, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Nolwenn Jean-Marçais
- CHU Rennes, Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Anomalies du développement, FHU GenOMedS, Rennes, France
| | - Sandrine Marlin
- Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares - GHU Necker- Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Luisa Marsili
- CHU Lille, Clinique de génétique Guy Fontaine, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- APHP.Sorbonne Université, Département de Génétique, Hôpital Trousseau & Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Nambot
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, FHU TRANSLAD, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Mathilde Nizon
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Robert Olaso
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), 91057, Evry, France
| | - Laurent Pasquier
- CHU Rennes, Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Anomalies du développement, FHU GenOMedS, Rennes, France
| | - Laurine Perrin
- Médecine Physique et Réadaptation pédiatrique CHU Saint-Etienne, 42055, Saint-Etienne Cedex 2, France
| | - Florence Petit
- CHU Lille, Clinique de génétique Guy Fontaine, F-59000, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7364 - RADEME - Institut de Génétique Médicale, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Veronique Pingault
- Service de Médecine Génomique des maladies rares, AP-HP. Centre, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Inserm U1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Piton
- Laboratoire de diagnostic génétique, IGMA, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabienne Prieur
- Service de Génétique, CHU Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Audrey Putoux
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, Genetics of Neurodevelopment (GENDEV) Team, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Marc Planes
- Service de Génétique Médicale et Biologie de la Reproduction, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- CHU Rennes, Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Anomalies du développement, FHU GenOMedS, Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR, UMR 6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France
| | - Chloé Quélin
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement de l'Ouest, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvia Quemener-Redon
- Service de Génétique Médicale et Biologie de la Reproduction, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
- Univ Brest, Inserm, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200, Brest, France
- Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de causes rares, Brest, France
| | - Mélanie Rama
- CHU Lille - Institut de Génétique Médicale, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Marlène Rio
- Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares - GHU Necker- Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Massimiliano Rossi
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, Genetics of Neurodevelopment (GENDEV) Team, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Elise Schaefer
- Service de Génétique Médicale -Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace - CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sophie Rondeau
- Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares - GHU Necker- Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Saugier-Veber
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Thomas Smol
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7364 - RADEME - Institut de Génétique Médicale, F-59000, Lille, France
- CHU Lille - Institut de Génétique Médicale, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sabine Sigaudy
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, CRMR syndromes malformatifs et anomalies du développement, département de génétique, APHM Hopital Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Renaud Touraine
- Service de Génétique, CHU Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Frederic Tran Mau-Them
- Équipe GAD, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic génomique des maladies rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Aurélien Trimouille
- Service de Pathologie, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Inserm U1211 MRGM, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Van Gils
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Bordeaux and INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Valérie Vantalon
- Centre d'Excellence InovAND-Service de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent-CHU Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Gabriella Vera
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Marie Vincent
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Alban Ziegler
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Olivier Guillin
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Psychiatry, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Dominique Campion
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Psychiatry, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Camille Charbonnier
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Biostatistics, F-76000, Rouen, France.
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5
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Lomeli C. S, Kristin B. A. Epigenetic regulation of craniofacial development and disease. Birth Defects Res 2024; 116:e2271. [PMID: 37964651 PMCID: PMC10872612 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of the craniofacial complex relies on proper neural crest development. The gene regulatory networks (GRNs) and signaling pathways orchestrating this process have been extensively studied. These GRNs and signaling cascades are tightly regulated as alterations to any stage of neural crest development can lead to common congenital birth defects, including multiple syndromes affecting facial morphology as well as nonsyndromic facial defects, such as cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Epigenetic factors add a hierarchy to the regulation of transcriptional networks and influence the spatiotemporal activation or repression of specific gene regulatory cascades; however less is known about their exact mechanisms in controlling precise gene regulation. AIMS In this review, we discuss the role of epigenetic factors during neural crest development, specifically during craniofacial development and how compromised activities of these regulators contribute to congenital defects that affect the craniofacial complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shull Lomeli C.
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Artinger Kristin B.
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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6
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Roux I, Fenollar-Ferrer C, Lee HJ, Chattaraj P, Lopez IA, Han K, Honda K, Brewer CC, Butman JA, Morell RJ, Martin DM, Griffith AJ. CHD7 variants associated with hearing loss and enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct. Hum Genet 2023; 142:1499-1517. [PMID: 37668839 PMCID: PMC10511616 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Enlargement of the endolymphatic sac, duct, and vestibular aqueduct (EVA) is the most common inner ear malformation identified in patients with sensorineural hearing loss. EVA is associated with pathogenic variants in SLC26A4. However, in European-Caucasian populations, about 50% of patients with EVA carry no pathogenic alleles of SLC26A4. We tested for the presence of variants in CHD7, a gene known to be associated with CHARGE syndrome, Kallmann syndrome, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, in a cohort of 34 families with EVA subjects without pathogenic alleles of SLC26A4. In two families, NM_017780.4: c.3553A > G [p.(Met1185Val)] and c.5390G > C [p.(Gly1797Ala)] were detected as monoallelic CHD7 variants in patients with EVA. At least one subject from each family had additional signs or potential signs of CHARGE syndrome but did not meet diagnostic criteria for CHARGE. In silico modeling of these two missense substitutions predicted detrimental effects upon CHD7 protein structure. Consistent with a role of CHD7 in this tissue, Chd7 transcript and protein were detected in all epithelial cells of the endolymphatic duct and sac of the developing mouse inner ear. These results suggest that some CHD7 variants can cause nonsyndromic hearing loss and EVA. CHD7 should be included in DNA sequence analyses to detect pathogenic variants in EVA patients. Chd7 expression and mutant phenotype data in mice suggest that CHD7 contributes to the formation or function of the endolymphatic sac and duct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Roux
- Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Cristina Fenollar-Ferrer
- Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, NIDCD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Parna Chattaraj
- Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ivan A Lopez
- The NIDCD National Temporal Laboratory at UCLA, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kyungreem Han
- Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Keiji Honda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Carmen C Brewer
- Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - John A Butman
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Robert J Morell
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, NIDCD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Donna M Martin
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew J Griffith
- Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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7
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Shi L, Wang Z, Li Y, Song Z, Yin W, Hu B. Deletion of the chd7 Hinders Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Development and Myelination in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13535. [PMID: 37686337 PMCID: PMC10488005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
CHD7, an encoding ATP-dependent chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7, has been identified as the causative gene involved in CHARGE syndrome (Coloboma of the eye, Heart defects, Atresia choanae, Retardation of growth and/or development, Genital abnormalities and Ear abnormalities). Although studies in rodent models have expanded our understanding of CHD7, its role in oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation and myelination in zebrafish is still unclear. In this study, we generated a chd7-knockout strain with CRISPR/Cas9 in zebrafish. We observed that knockout (KO) of chd7 intensely impeded the oligodendrocyte progenitor cells' (OPCs) migration and myelin formation due to massive expression of chd7 in oilg2+ cells, which might provoke upregulation of the MAPK signal pathway. Thus, our study demonstrates that chd7 is critical to oligodendrocyte migration and myelination during early development in zebrafish and describes a mechanism potentially associated with CHARGE syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Shi
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (L.S.)
| | - Zongyi Wang
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (L.S.)
| | - Yujiao Li
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (L.S.)
| | - Zheng Song
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (L.S.)
| | - Wu Yin
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (L.S.)
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
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8
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Sisoudiya SD, Mishra P, Li H, Schraw JM, Scheurer ME, Salvi S, Doddapaneni H, Muzny D, Mitchell D, Taylor O, Sabo A, Lupo PJ, Plon SE. Identification of USP9X as a leukemia susceptibility gene. Blood Adv 2023; 7:4563-4575. [PMID: 37289514 PMCID: PMC10425687 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023009814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that children with multiple birth defects have a significantly higher risk of childhood cancer. We performed whole-genome sequencing on a cohort of probands from this study with birth defects and cancer and their parents. Structural variant analysis identified a novel 5 kb de novo heterozygous inframe deletion overlapping the catalytic domain of USP9X in a female proband with multiple birth defects, developmental delay, and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Her phenotype was consistent with female-restricted X-linked syndromic intellectual developmental disorder-99 (MRXS99F). Genotype-phenotype analysis including previously reported female probands (n = 42) demonstrated that MRXS99F probands with B-ALL (n = 3) clustered with subjects with loss-of-function (LoF) USP9X variants and multiple anomalies. The cumulative incidence of B-ALL among these female probands (7.1%) was significantly higher than an age- and sex-matched cohort (0.003%) from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (P < .0001, log-rank test). There are no reports of LoF variants in males. Males with hypomorphic missense variants have neurodevelopmental disorders without birth defects or leukemia risk. In contrast, in sporadic B-ALL, somatic LoF USP9X mutations occur in both males and females, and expression levels are comparable in leukemia samples from both sexes (P = .54), with the highest expressors being female patients with extra copies of the X-chromosome. Overall, we describe USP9X as a novel female-specific leukemia predisposition gene associated with multiple congenital, neurodevelopmental anomalies, and B-ALL risk. In contrast, USP9X serves as a tumor suppressor in sporadic pediatric B-ALL in both sexes, with low expression associated with poorer survival in patients with high-risk B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Dushyant Sisoudiya
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Pamela Mishra
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - He Li
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jeremy M. Schraw
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Michael E. Scheurer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sejal Salvi
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Donna Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Danielle Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Olga Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Aniko Sabo
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Philip J. Lupo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sharon E. Plon
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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9
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Hennocq Q, Bongibault T, Marlin S, Amiel J, Attie-Bitach T, Baujat G, Boutaud L, Carpentier G, Corre P, Denoyelle F, Djate Delbrah F, Douillet M, Galliani E, Kamolvisit W, Lyonnet S, Milea D, Pingault V, Porntaveetus T, Touzet-Roumazeille S, Willems M, Picard A, Rio M, Garcelon N, Khonsari RH. AI-based diagnosis in mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly using external ear shapes. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1171277. [PMID: 37664547 PMCID: PMC10469912 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1171277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mandibulo-Facial Dysostosis with Microcephaly (MFDM) is a rare disease with a broad spectrum of symptoms, characterized by zygomatic and mandibular hypoplasia, microcephaly, and ear abnormalities. Here, we aimed at describing the external ear phenotype of MFDM patients, and train an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based model to differentiate MFDM ears from non-syndromic control ears (binary classification), and from ears of the main differential diagnoses of this condition (multi-class classification): Treacher Collins (TC), Nager (NAFD) and CHARGE syndromes. Methods The training set contained 1,592 ear photographs, corresponding to 550 patients. We extracted 48 patients completely independent of the training set, with only one photograph per ear per patient. After a CNN-(Convolutional Neural Network) based ear detection, the images were automatically landmarked. Generalized Procrustes Analysis was then performed, along with a dimension reduction using PCA (Principal Component Analysis). The principal components were used as inputs in an eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model, optimized using a 5-fold cross-validation. Finally, the model was tested on an independent validation set. Results We trained the model on 1,592 ear photographs, corresponding to 1,296 control ears, 105 MFDM, 33 NAFD, 70 TC and 88 CHARGE syndrome ears. The model detected MFDM with an accuracy of 0.969 [0.838-0.999] (p < 0.001) and an AUC (Area Under the Curve) of 0.975 within controls (binary classification). Balanced accuracies were 0.811 [0.648-0.920] (p = 0.002) in a first multiclass design (MFDM vs. controls and differential diagnoses) and 0.813 [0.544-0.960] (p = 0.003) in a second multiclass design (MFDM vs. differential diagnoses). Conclusion This is the first AI-based syndrome detection model in dysmorphology based on the external ear, opening promising clinical applications both for local care and referral, and for expert centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Hennocq
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Chirurgie Plastique, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence des Malformations Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale MAFACE, Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratoire ‘Forme et Croissance du Crâne’, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bongibault
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Laboratoire ‘Forme et Croissance du Crâne’, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Marlin
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Tania Attie-Bitach
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Baujat
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Lucile Boutaud
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Georges Carpentier
- CHU Lille, Inserm, Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Stomatologie, U1008-Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterial, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Corre
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, INSERM U1229—Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton RMeS, Nantes, France
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nantes University, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Françoise Denoyelle
- Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Eva Galliani
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Chirurgie Plastique, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence des Malformations Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale MAFACE, Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Wuttichart Kamolvisit
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Dan Milea
- Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Véronique Pingault
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thantrira Porntaveetus
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sandrine Touzet-Roumazeille
- CHU Lille, Inserm, Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Stomatologie, U1008-Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterial, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Marjolaine Willems
- Département de Génétique Clinique, CHRU de Montpellier, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Picard
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Chirurgie Plastique, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence des Malformations Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale MAFACE, Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marlène Rio
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Roman H. Khonsari
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Chirurgie Plastique, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence des Malformations Rares de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale MAFACE, Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratoire ‘Forme et Croissance du Crâne’, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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10
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Russell BE, Kianmahd RR, Munster C, Yu A, Ahad L, Tan WH. Clinical findings in 39 individuals with Bohring-Opitz syndrome from a global patient-driven registry with implications for tumor surveillance and recurrence risk. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:1050-1058. [PMID: 36751885 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Bohring-Opitz syndrome (BOS) is a rare genetic condition caused by pathogenic variants in ASXL1, which is a gene involved in chromatin regulation. BOS is characterized by severe intellectual disabilities, distinctive facial features, hypertrichosis, facial nevus simplex, severe myopia, a typical posture in infancy, variable anomalies, and feeding issues. Wilms tumor has also been reported in two individuals. We report survey data from the largest known cohort of individuals with BOS with 34 participants from the ASXL Patient-Driven Registry and data on five additional individuals with notable findings. Important or novel findings include hepatoblastoma (n = 1), an additional individual with Wilms tumor, two families with a parent who is mosaic including a pair of siblings, birth weights within the normal range for the majority of participants, as well as presence of craniosynostosis and hernias. Data also include characterization of communication, motor skills, and care level including hospitalization frequency and surgical interventions. No phenotype-genotype correlation could be identified. The ASXL Registry is also presented as a crucial tool for furthering ASXL research and to support the ASXL community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca E Russell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rebecca R Kianmahd
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chelsea Munster
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, California, USA
| | - Anna Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Leena Ahad
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Arts & Sciences, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Wen-Hann Tan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Mustillo PJ, Sullivan KE, Chinn IK, Notarangelo LD, Haddad E, Davies EG, de la Morena MT, Hartog N, Yu JE, Hernandez-Trujillo VP, Ip W, Franco J, Gambineri E, Hickey SE, Varga E, Markert ML. Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Immunological Management of Chromosome 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome and Other Defects in Thymic Development. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:247-270. [PMID: 36648576 PMCID: PMC9892161 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Current practices vary widely regarding the immunological work-up and management of patients affected with defects in thymic development (DTD), which include chromosome 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome (22q11.2del) and other causes of DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) and coloboma, heart defect, atresia choanae, retardation of growth and development, genital hypoplasia, ear anomalies/deafness (CHARGE) syndrome. Practice variations affect the initial and subsequent assessment of immune function, the terminology used to describe the condition and immune status, the accepted criteria for recommending live vaccines, and how often follow-up is needed based on the degree of immune compromise. The lack of consensus and widely varying practices highlight the need to establish updated immunological clinical practice guidelines. These guideline recommendations provide a comprehensive review for immunologists and other clinicians who manage immune aspects of this group of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Mustillo
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Division of Allergy Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ivan K Chinn
- Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Elie Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - E Graham Davies
- Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 3HJ, UK
| | - Maria Teresa de la Morena
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Nicholas Hartog
- Spectrum Health Helen DeVos Children's Hospital Department of Allergy and Immunology, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, USA
| | - Joyce E Yu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Winnie Ip
- Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Jose Franco
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Eleonora Gambineri
- Department of "NEUROFARBA", Section of Child's Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Centre of Excellence, Division of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Scott E Hickey
- Division of Genetic & Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Elizabeth Varga
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - M Louise Markert
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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12
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Li S, Li H, Liu D, Xing Q, Chen X, Zhang H, Wen J, Zhu H, Liang D, Li Z, Wu L. Identification of novel mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery (MDEMs) associated functional mutations and neurodevelopmental disorders. QJM 2023; 116:355-364. [PMID: 36625521 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery (MDEMs) are a newly identified group of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and multiple congenital anoMalies caused by mutations in genes encoding components of the epigenetic machinery. Many studies have shown that MDEM-associated mutations may disrupt the balance between chromatin states and trigger dysplasia. AIM To help eight Chinese families with neurodevelopmental disorders acquire a definitive diagnosis. METHODS In this study, we used whole-exome sequencing (WES) to diagnose eight unrelated Chinese families with NDDs. We also verified the potential pathogenic variants by Sanger sequencing and analyzed the changes in gene expression along with histone methylation modifications. RESULTS Eight variants of six epigenetic machinery genes were identified, six of which were novel. Six variants were pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (LP), while two novel missense variants (c.5113T>C in CHD1 and c.10444C>T in KMT2D) were classified to be variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Further functional studies verified that c.5113T>C in CHD1 results in decreased protein levels and increased chromatin modifications (H3K27me3). In addition, c.10444C>T in KMT2D led to a significant decrease in mRNA transcription and chromatin modifications (H3K4me1). Based on experimental evidence, these two VUS variants could be classified as LP. CONCLUSION This study provided a definitive diagnosis of eight families with NDDs and expanded the mutation spectrum of MDEMs, enriching the pathogenesis study of variants in epigenetic machinery genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Li
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Huijuan Li
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Dihua Liu
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Qin Xing
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Hongyun Zhang
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Juan Wen
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Huimin Zhu
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Desheng Liang
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hunan Jiahui Genetics Hospital, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Lingqian Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hunan Jiahui Genetics Hospital, Changsha, 410078, China
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13
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Krueger LA, Bills JD, Lim ZY, Skidmore JM, Martin DM, Morris AC. Chromatin remodeler Chd7 regulates photoreceptor development and outer segment length. Exp Eye Res 2023; 226:109299. [PMID: 36343670 PMCID: PMC10354686 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the chromatin remodeling factor CHD7 are the predominant cause of CHARGE syndrome, a congenital disorder that frequently includes ocular coloboma. Although CHD7 is known to be required for proper ocular morphogenesis, its role in retinal development has not been thoroughly investigated. Given that individuals with CHARGE syndrome can experience visual impairment even in the absence of coloboma, a better understanding of CHD7 function in the retina is needed. In this study, we characterized the expression pattern of Chd7 in the developing zebrafish and mouse retina and documented ocular and retinal phenotypes in Chd7 loss-of-function mutants. Zebrafish Chd7 was expressed throughout the retinal neuroepithelium when retinal progenitor cells were actively proliferating, and later in subsets of newly post-mitotic retinal cells. At stages of retinal development when most retinal cell types had terminally differentiated, Chd7 expression remained strong in the ganglion cell layer and in some cells in the inner nuclear layer. Intriguingly, strong expression of Chd7 was also observed in the outer nuclear layer where it was co-expressed with markers of post-mitotic cone and rod photoreceptors. Expression of mouse CHD7 displayed a similar pattern, including expression in the ganglion cells, subsets of inner nuclear layer cells, and in the distal outer nuclear layer as late as P15. Two different mutant chd7 zebrafish lines were characterized for ocular and retinal defects. These mutants displayed microphthalmia, reduced numbers of cone photoreceptors, and truncated rod and cone photoreceptor outer segments. Reduced cone photoreceptor number and abnormal outer segments were also observed in heterozygous Chd7 mutant mice. Taken together, our results in zebrafish and mouse reveal a conserved, previously undescribed role for Chd7 in retinal development and photoreceptor outer segment morphogenesis. Moreover, our work suggests an avenue of future investigation into the pathogenesis of visual system defects in CHARGE syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Krueger
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0225, USA
| | - Jessica D Bills
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0225, USA
| | - Zun Yi Lim
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0225, USA
| | | | - Donna M Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ann C Morris
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0225, USA.
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14
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Krueger LA, Morris AC. Eyes on CHARGE syndrome: Roles of CHD7 in ocular development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:994412. [PMID: 36172288 PMCID: PMC9512043 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.994412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the vertebrate visual system involves complex morphogenetic interactions of cells derived from multiple embryonic lineages. Disruptions in this process are associated with structural birth defects such as microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma (collectively referred to as MAC), and inherited retinal degenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa and allied dystrophies. MAC and retinal degeneration are also observed in systemic congenital malformation syndromes. One important example is CHARGE syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by coloboma, heart defects, choanal atresia, growth retardation, genital abnormalities, and ear abnormalities. Mutations in the gene encoding Chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7 (CHD7) cause the majority of CHARGE syndrome cases. However, the pathogenetic mechanisms that connect loss of CHD7 to the ocular complications observed in CHARGE syndrome have not been identified. In this review, we provide a general overview of ocular development and congenital disorders affecting the eye. This is followed by a comprehensive description of CHARGE syndrome, including discussion of the spectrum of ocular defects that have been described in this disorder. In addition, we discuss the current knowledge of CHD7 function and focus on its contributions to the development of ocular structures. Finally, we discuss outstanding gaps in our knowledge of the role of CHD7 in eye formation, and propose avenues of investigation to further our understanding of how CHD7 activity regulates ocular and retinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann C. Morris
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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15
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Jafar B, Alemayehu H, Bhat R, Zayek M. Multiple Intestinal Anomalies in a Newborn with 22q11.2 Microdeletion Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review. J Pediatr Genet 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1750748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAlthough 40 years have passed since the first case of DiGeorge's syndrome was described, and the knowledge about this disorder has steadily increased since that time, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DS) remains a challenging diagnosis because its clinical presentation varies widely. We describe an infant with 22q11.2 DS who presented with annular pancreas, anorectal malformation, Morgagni-type congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and ventricular septal defect. This constellation of anomalies has never been described in DiGeorge's syndrome. Here, we provide a case presentation and a thorough review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedour Jafar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Hanna Alemayehu
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Ramachandra Bhat
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States
| | - Michael Zayek
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
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16
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Inoue Y, Machida O, Kita Y, Yamamoto T. Need for revision of the ACMG/AMP guidelines for interpretation of X-linked variants. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2022; 11:120-124. [PMID: 36200025 PMCID: PMC9437996 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2022.01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The guidelines provided by American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and the Association of Molecular Pathology (AMP) (ACMG/AMP guidelines) suggest a framework for the classification of clinical variants. However, the interpretations can be inconsistent, with each definition sometimes proving to be ambiguous. In particular, there can be difficulty with interpretation of variants related to the X-linked recessive trait. To confirm whether there are biases in the interpretation of inherited traits, we reanalyzed variants reported prior to the release of the ACMG/AMP guidelines. As expected, the interpretation ratio as pathogenic or likely pathogenic was significantly lower for variants related to the X-linked recessive trait. Evaluation of variants related to the X-linked recessive trait, hence, need to consider whether the variant is identified only in males in accordance with the X-linked recessive trait. The ACMG/AMP guidelines should be revised to eliminate the bias revealed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Inoue
- Division of Gene Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Machida
- Division of Gene Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kita
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Division of Gene Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Munabi NCO, Mikhail S, Toubat O, Webb M, Auslander A, Sanchez-Lara PA, Manojlovic Z, Schmidt RJ, Craig D, Magee WP, Kumar SR. High prevalence of deleterious mutations in concomitant nonsyndromic cleft and outflow tract heart defects. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2082-2095. [PMID: 35385219 PMCID: PMC9197864 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Our previous work demonstrating enrichment of outflow tract (OFT) congenital heart disease (CHD) in children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) suggests derangements in common underlying developmental pathways. The current pilot study examines the underlying genetics of concomitant nonsyndromic CL/P and OFT CHD phenotype. Of 575 patients who underwent CL/P surgery at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, seven with OFT CHD, negative chromosomal microarray analysis, and no recognizable syndromic association were recruited with their parents (as available). Whole genome sequencing of blood samples paired with whole‐blood‐based RNA sequencing for probands was performed. A pathogenic or potentially pathogenic variant was identified in 6/7 (85.7%) probands. A total of seven candidate genes were mutated (CHD7, SMARCA4, MED12, APOB, RNF213, SETX, and JAG1). Gene ontology analysis of variants predicted involvement in binding (100%), regulation of transcription (42.9%), and helicase activity (42.9%). Four patients (57.1%) expressed gene variants (CHD7, SMARCA4, MED12, and RNF213) previously involved in the Wnt signaling pathway. Our pilot analysis of a small cohort of patients with combined CL/P and OFT CHD phenotype suggests a potentially significant prevalence of deleterious mutations. In our cohort, an overrepresentation of mutations in molecules associated with Wnt‐signaling was found. These variants may represent an expanded phenotypic heterogeneity within known monogenic disease genes or provide novel evidence of shared developmental pathways. The mechanistic implications of these mutations and subsequent developmental derangements resulting in the CL/P and OFT CHD phenotype require further analysis in a larger cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naikhoba C O Munabi
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Omar Toubat
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michelle Webb
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Pedro A Sanchez-Lara
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zarko Manojlovic
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ryan J Schmidt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Craig
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - William P Magee
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Subramanyan Ram Kumar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Heart Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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18
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Pavinato L, Villamor-Payà M, Sanchiz-Calvo M, Andreoli C, Gay M, Vilaseca M, Arauz-Garofalo G, Ciolfi A, Bruselles A, Pippucci T, Prota V, Carli D, Giorgio E, Radio FC, Antona V, Giuffrè M, Ranguin K, Colson C, De Rubeis S, Dimartino P, Buxbaum JD, Ferrero GB, Tartaglia M, Martinelli S, Stracker TH, Brusco A. Functional analysis of TLK2 variants and their proximal interactomes implicates impaired kinase activity and chromatin maintenance defects in their pathogenesis. J Med Genet 2022; 59:170-179. [PMID: 33323470 PMCID: PMC10631451 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Tousled-like kinases 1 and 2 (TLK1 and TLK2) are involved in many fundamental processes, including DNA replication, cell cycle checkpoint recovery and chromatin remodelling. Mutations in TLK2 were recently associated with 'Mental Retardation Autosomal Dominant 57' (MRD57, MIM# 618050), a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by a highly variable phenotype, including mild-to-moderate intellectual disability, behavioural abnormalities, facial dysmorphisms, microcephaly, epilepsy and skeletal anomalies. METHODS We re-evaluate whole exome sequencing and array-CGH data from a large cohort of patients affected by neurodevelopmental disorders. Using spatial proteomics (BioID) and single-cell gel electrophoresis, we investigated the proximity interaction landscape of TLK2 and analysed the effects of p.(Asp551Gly) and a previously reported missense variant (c.1850C>T; p.(Ser617Leu)) on TLK2 interactions, localisation and activity. RESULTS We identified three new unrelated MRD57 families. Two were sporadic and caused by a missense change (c.1652A>G; p.(Asp551Gly)) or a 39 kb deletion encompassing TLK2, and one was familial with three affected siblings who inherited a nonsense change from an affected mother (c.1423G>T; p.(Glu475Ter)). The clinical phenotypes were consistent with those of previously reported cases. The tested mutations strongly impaired TLK2 kinase activity. Proximal interactions between TLK2 and other factors implicated in neurological disorders, including CHD7, CHD8, BRD4 and NACC1, were identified. Finally, we demonstrated a more relaxed chromatin state in lymphoblastoid cells harbouring the p.(Asp551Gly) variant compared with control cells, conferring susceptibility to DNA damage. CONCLUSION Our study identified novel TLK2 pathogenic variants, confirming and further expanding the MRD57-related phenotype. The molecular characterisation of missense variants increases our knowledge about TLK2 function and provides new insights into its role in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pavinato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Institute of Human Genetics and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marina Villamor-Payà
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Sanchiz-Calvo
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Andreoli
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Marina Gay
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Vilaseca
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gianluca Arauz-Garofalo
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bruselles
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pippucci
- Medical Genetics Unity, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Prota
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Diana Carli
- Department of Pediatrics and Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Giorgio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Antona
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Giuffrè
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Kara Ranguin
- Department of Genetics, Reference center for Rare Diseases and Developmental Anomalies, Caen, France
| | - Cindy Colson
- Department of Genetics, Reference center for Rare Diseases and Developmental Anomalies, Caen, France
| | - Silvia De Rubeis
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Paola Dimartino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Giovanni Battista Ferrero
- Department of Pediatrics and Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Simone Martinelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Travis H Stracker
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Unit of Medical Genetics, "Città della Salute e della Scienza" University Hospital, Torino, Italy
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19
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The genes for sensory perception of sound should be considered in gene diagnosis of congenital sensorineural hearing loss and microtia. J Appl Genet 2022; 63:327-337. [PMID: 35000142 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-021-00674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Congenital sensorineural hearing loss (CSHL) and microtia are development-related diseases, sharing some factors and affecting children's hearing. However, genetic tests only focus on CSHL. We try to identify the common molecular mechanism of CSHL and microtia as candidates combining gene diagnosis biomarkers. Whole-exon sequencing (WES), Sanger sequencing, qPCR, and bioinformatics analyses were performed in microtia family (F1), family two, whose proband suffered from microtia and CSHL (F2), five microtia, and four CSHL individuals, respectively. We found that 40% microtia and 40% CSHL relevant genes were detected in F1 and a sharing pathway: the sensory perception of sound was identified. Moreover, the copy number variation in proband F2 was identified in one gene of the sharing pathway: EYA1. Meanwhile, two variants of BUB3 were identified in F1 data. BUB3 is related to development, dog ear type, direct and indirect interaction with microtia, and CSHL relevant genes. Notably, although the allele frequency of two variants of BUB3 showed significant differences between microtia and CSHL, the special microtia-relevant genotype also could be detected in one CSHL sample. These results suggest that the sensory perception of sound and the development of relevant pathways may be the common pathways of microtia and CSHL. Genes of these pathways can be used as candidates combining gene diagnosis biomarkers.
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He Y, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Jiao Y, Kang Q, Li J. Downregulation of circ-SFMBT2 blocks the development of gastric cancer by targeting the miR-885-3p/CHD7 pathway. Anticancer Drugs 2022; 33:e247-e259. [PMID: 34387601 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence insists that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in the development of human cancers, including gastric cancer. This study aimed to investigate the role of circ-SFMBT2 and provide a potential mechanism to explain its function. The expression of circ-SFMBT2, miR-885-3p and chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7) mRNA was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and the protein level of CHD7 was determined by western blot. To investigate the function of circ-SFMBT2 in vitro, the effects of circ-SFMBT2 on cell viability, colony formation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were assessed using cell counting kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry assay, wounding healing assay and transwell assay, respectively. The indicators of oxidative stress were assessed using matched kits. Besides, the function of circ-SFMBT2 was also investigated in animal models. The relationship between miR-885-3p and circ-SFMBT2 or CHD7 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. Circ-SFMBT2 and CHD7 were upregulated, whereas miR-885-3p was downregulated in gastric cancer tissues and cells. In functional assay, circ-SFMBT2 knockdown suppressed gastric cancer cell viability, colony formation ability, migration, invasion and oxidative stress but induced apoptosis, and circ-SFMBT2 downregulation also blocked tumor growth in vivo. In mechanism analysis, circ-SFMBT2 regulated CHD7 expression by sponging its target miRNA, miR-885-3p. Rescue experiments manifested that miR-885-3p inhibition reversed the effects of circ-SFMBT2 knockdown, and CHD7 overexpression abolished the antitumor role of miR-885-3p overexpression. Moreover, circ-SFMBT2 knockdown inactivated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Circ-SFMBT2 downregulation repressed the development of gastric cancer partially by controlling the miR-885-3p/CHD7 axis, which might be a novel strategy to inhibit gastric cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi He
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
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21
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Kotova EN, Bogomilsky MR. [CHARGE syndrome in children with congenital choanal atresia]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2022; 87:7-12. [PMID: 35818939 DOI: 10.17116/otorino2022870317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED One of the most commonly associated genetic syndromes with congenital choanal atresia is CHARGE syndrome, which includes multiple congenital anomalies with variable phenotypic manifestations. The article presents data on the history of the study, prevalence, etiology and clinical criteria of this pathology. OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of detection and features of clinical manifestations of CHARGE syndrome in children with congenital choanal atresia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Based on the literature data and our own research, the features of the clinical manifestations of CHARGE syndrome in children with congenital choanal atresia are presented. RESULTS The association of malformations, which in most cases had bilateral localization, was detected in 27 (18.8%) patients with congenital choanal atresia. In 20 children, the analysis for the presence of the CHD7 mutation was carried out by sequencing, while CHD7 mutations were detected in 18 (90%) patients meeting the clinical criteria of CHARGE syndrome. The absence of mutations of the CHD7 gene in the remaining patients indicates the genetic heterogeneity of this syndrome. CONCLUSION The detection of CHARGE syndrome in children with congenital choanal atresia is of great clinical importance, since timely diagnosis and correction of other pathology minimizes the chance of complications during surgical treatment and allows for the formation of individual routing of patients for treatment and rehabilitation. Therefore, the examination and management of children with congenital choanal atresia associated with other malformations should be carried out on the basis of an interdisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Kotova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M R Bogomilsky
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Takasawa K, Kanegane H, Kashimada K, Morio T. Endocrinopathies in Inborn Errors of Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:786241. [PMID: 34887872 PMCID: PMC8650088 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.786241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI), caused by hereditary or genetic defects, are a group of more than 400 disorders, in which the immune system, including lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, and complements, does not function properly. The endocrine system is frequently affected by IEI as an associated clinical feature and a complex network of glands which regulate many important body functions, including growth, reproduction, homeostasis, and energy regulation. Most endocrine disorders associated with IEI are hypofunction which would be treated with supplementation therapy, and early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential for favorable long-term outcomes in patients with IEI. In this review, we aimed to comprehensively summarize and discuss the current understanding on the clinical features and the pathophysiology of endocrine disorders in IEI. This review is composed with three parts. First, we discuss the two major pathophysiology of endocrinopathy in IEI, autoimmune response and direct effects of the responsible genes. Next, the details of each endocrinopathy, such as growth failure, hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus (DM) are specified. We also illustrated potential endocrinopathy due to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, including hypogonadism and adrenal insufficiency due to glucocorticoid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Takasawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kanegane
- Deparment of Child Health Development, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kashimada
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Myosin VI Haploinsufficiency Reduced Hearing Ability in Mice. Neuroscience 2021; 478:100-111. [PMID: 34619316 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In human, myosin VI (MYO6) haploinsufficiency causes postlingual progressive hearing loss. Because the usefulness of mouse models remains unclear, we produced novel Myo6 null (-/-) mutant mice and analyzed the hearing phenotypes of Myo6+/- (+/-) heterozygous mutants. We first recorded and compared the auditory brainstem responses and distortion product otoacoustic emissions in control Myo6+/+ (+/+) wild-type and +/- mice. These hearing phenotypes of +/- mice were mild; however, we confirmed that +/- mice developed progressive hearing loss. In particular, the hearing loss of female +/- mice progressed faster than that of male +/- mice. The stereocilia bundles of +/- mice exhibited progressive taper loss in cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) and outer hair cells (OHCs). The loss of OHCs in +/- heterozygotes occurred at an earlier age than in +/+ mice. In particular, the OHCs at the basal area of the cochlea were decreased in +/- mice. IHC ribbon synapses from the area at the base of the cochlea were significantly reduced in +/- mice. Thus, our study indicated that MYO6 haploinsufficiency affected the detection of sounds in mice, and we suggest that +/- mice with Myo6 null alleles are useful animal models for gene therapy and drug treatment in patients with progressive hearing loss due to MYO6 haploinsufficiency.
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Cardoso AR, Lopes-Marques M, Oliveira M, Amorim A, Prata MJ, Azevedo L. Genetic Variability of the Functional Domains of Chromodomains Helicase DNA-Binding (CHD) Proteins. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111827. [PMID: 34828433 PMCID: PMC8623811 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, there has been an increasing neuroscientific interest in understanding the function of mammalian chromodomains helicase DNA-binding (CHD) proteins due to their association with severe developmental syndromes. Mammalian CHDs include nine members (CHD1 to CHD9), grouped into subfamilies according to the presence of specific functional domains, generally highly conserved in evolutionary terms. Mutations affecting these domains hold great potential to disrupt protein function, leading to meaningful pathogenic scenarios, such as embryonic defects incompatible with life. Here, we analysed the evolution of CHD proteins by performing a comparative study of the functional domains of CHD proteins between orthologous and paralogous protein sequences. Our findings show that the highest degree of inter-species conservation was observed at Group II (CHD3, CHD4, and CHD5) and that most of the pathological variations documented in humans involve amino acid residues that are conserved not only between species but also between paralogs. The parallel analysis of both orthologous and paralogous proteins, in cases where gene duplications have occurred, provided extra information showing patterns of flexibility as well as interchangeability between amino acid positions. This added complexity needs to be considered when the impact of novel mutations is assessed in terms of evolutionary conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. Cardoso
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.C.); (M.L.-M.); (M.O.); (A.A.); (M.J.P.)
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FCUP—Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Lopes-Marques
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.C.); (M.L.-M.); (M.O.); (A.A.); (M.J.P.)
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FCUP—Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.C.); (M.L.-M.); (M.O.); (A.A.); (M.J.P.)
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FCUP—Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - António Amorim
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.C.); (M.L.-M.); (M.O.); (A.A.); (M.J.P.)
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FCUP—Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Prata
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.C.); (M.L.-M.); (M.O.); (A.A.); (M.J.P.)
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FCUP—Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Azevedo
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.C.); (M.L.-M.); (M.O.); (A.A.); (M.J.P.)
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FCUP—Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Galvez-Ruiz A, Galindo-Ferreiro A, Lehner AJ. CHARGE syndrome: A case report of two new CDH7 gene mutations. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2021; 34:306-309. [PMID: 34527879 PMCID: PMC8409354 DOI: 10.4103/1319-4534.322601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is a genetic disorder comprising the following clinical features: coloboma, heart defects, choanal atresia, retardation (of growth and development), as well as genitourinary and ear abnormalities. This syndrome is caused by mutations in the CDH7 gene, located on chromosome 8 (8q12). We present two new gene mutations in two patients with CHARGE syndrome, not previously reported in the scientific literature. Both of these patients clearly demonstrate the difference in the clinical expression of this syndrome, with patient 1 having a greater clinical severity compared to patient 2. We conclude that although in the scientific literature to date there is no clear correlation between a patient's genotype and phenotype expression, we can assume from the cases we present that a correlation does in fact exist. Specifically, missense mutations (as in case of patient 2) are associated with milder clinical expression, whereas mutations which result in truncation of the CDH7 protein (as in the case of patient 1 having a nonsense mutation) may be associated with a more severe clinical expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Galvez-Ruiz
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Anthony J Lehner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vision Eye Institute, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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26
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Кокорева КД, Чугунов ИС, Безлепкина ОБ. [Molecular genetics and phenotypic features of congenital isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2021; 67:46-56. [PMID: 34533013 PMCID: PMC9112933 DOI: 10.14341/probl12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Congenital isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism includes a group of diseases related to the defects of secretion and action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH) and gonadotropins. In a half of cases congenital hypogonadism is associated with an impaired sense of smell. It's named Kallmann syndrome. Now 40 genes are known to be associated with function of hypothalamus pituitary gland and gonads. Phenotypic features of hypogonadism and therapy effectiveness are related to different molecular defects. However clinical signs may vary even within the same family with the same molecular genetic defect. Genotype phenotype correlation in patients with congenital malformations prioritizes the search for mutations in candidate genes. There are data of significant contribution of oligogenicity into the phenotype of the disease are presented in the review. Moreover, an issue of current isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism definition and classification revision is raised in the review due to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism development while there are mutations in genes not associated with GNRH neurons secretion and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- К. Д. Кокорева
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - И. С. Чугунов
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
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27
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Zhang L, Gao Y, Du Q, Liu L, Li Y, Dey SK, Banerjee S, Liao Z. Genetic Profiles and Three-year Follow-up Study of Chinese Males With Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism. J Sex Med 2021; 18:1500-1510. [PMID: 37057435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The correlation between long-term treatment outcomes with genotypes in congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) males is rarely reported. AIM To investigate the correlations among genotypes, phenotypes, and treatment outcomes for CHH male patients. METHODS Whole exome sequencing was performed for 73 Chinese CHH males from one academic center. Patients self-selected one of the 4 treatments: pulsatile Gonadorelin pump (PGP), cyclical gonadotropins therapy (CGT), human menopausal gonadotropin monotherapy, or testosterone replacement treatment. Clinical assessments were performed every 3 months for 3 years. OUTCOMES The pathogenicity of variants was determined. Baseline clinical features, spermatogenesis outcomes were analysed. RESULTS 62 variants were identified in 51 patients (69.9%), 17 of which were novel. Among these mutations, variants on FGFR1, PROKR2, CHD7, ANOS1 and NSMF gene were 16.1%, 16.1%, 11.3%, 8.1% and 8.1% respectively. 11 patients followed the oligogenic pattern (21.6%). All CHD7 patients had hearing impairment, or structural deformities of external/ inner ear and were diagnosed as CHARGE syndrome. 24.7% of CHH patients manifested with ear/hearing anomalies. KS patients had higher rates of cryptorchidism history and ear/hearing anomalies than normosmic CHH subjects. Male patients with PROKR2 mutations showed relatively better testicular development, less dental deformity when compared with FGFR1 mutations. About 30% normosmic patients defined by simple olfactory assessment showed olfactory nerve center (ONC) dysplasia under nasal sinus MRI examination. Among the CHH males treated with CGT or PGP, 70.2% reached spermatogenesis within 3 years of treatment. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS No direct correlation was observed between certain responsible genes and spermatogenic outcomes. When CHH patients were identified with CHD7 variants, ear/hearing evaluation should be carefully performed. The precise assessment of ONC development was advised for normosmic CHH subjects. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS This study provided informative long-term treatment data of CHH male patients screened with whole exome sequencing. The limitations included small number of subgroups with multifaceted gene variants, clinical heterogeneity, uncontrolled sperm-inducing treatment method. The seventeen novel mutations worth experimental validation in the future. CONCLUSION The clinical severity is partially related with specific gene variants, and detailed individualized data and outcomes were provided. Ear/hearing anomalies were closely connected with CHD7 variants, and were common problems for CHH patients. Simple olfactory assessment underestimated the true olfactory deficit. L. Zhang, Y. Gao, Q. Du, et al. Genetic Profiles and Three-year Follow-up Study of Chinese Males With Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism. J Sex Med 2021;XX:XXX-XXX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Gao
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Du
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyi Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Subrata Kumar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Genetic Studies, School of Biotechnology and Biological Sciences, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology (Formerly West Bengal University of Technology), Salt Lake City Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Santasree Banerjee
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihong Liao
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Ufartes R, Grün R, Salinas G, Sitte M, Kahl F, Wong MTY, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA, Pauli S. CHARGE syndrome and related disorders: A mechanistic link. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:2215-2224. [PMID: 34230955 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is an autosomal dominant malformation disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the chromatin remodeler CHD7. Affected are craniofacial structures, cranial nerves and multiple organ systems. Depending on the combination of malformations present, its distinction from other congenital disorders can be challenging. To gain a better insight into the regulatory disturbances in CHARGE syndrome, we performed RNA-Seq analysis on blood samples of 19 children with CHARGE syndrome and a confirmed disease-causing CHD7 variant in comparison to healthy control children. Our analysis revealed a distinct CHARGE syndrome pattern with downregulation of genes that are linked to disorders described to mimic the CHARGE phenotype, i.e. KMT2D and KDM6A (Kabuki syndrome), EP300 and CREBBP (Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome) and ARID1A and ARID1B (Coffin-Siris syndrome). Furthermore, by performing protein-protein interaction studies using co-immunoprecipitation, direct yeast-two hybrid and in situ proximity ligation assays, we could demonstrate an interplay between CHD7, KMT2D, KDM6A and EP300. In summary, our data demonstrate a mechanistic and regulatory link between the developmental disorders CHARGE-, Kabuki- and Rubinstein Taybi-syndrome providing an explanation for the overlapping phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Ufartes
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Regina Grün
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- NGS Integrative Genomics Core Unit, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maren Sitte
- NGS Integrative Genomics Core Unit, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fritz Kahl
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, UMG, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Monica T Y Wong
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Conny M A van Ravenswaaij-Arts
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Silke Pauli
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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29
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Collins C, Sharpe E, Silber A, Kulke S, Hsieh EWY. Congenital Athymia: Genetic Etiologies, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Treatment. J Clin Immunol 2021; 41:881-895. [PMID: 33987750 PMCID: PMC8249278 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-01059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Congenital athymia is an ultra-rare disease characterized by the absence of a functioning thymus. It is associated with several genetic and syndromic disorders including FOXN1 deficiency, 22q11.2 deletion, CHARGE Syndrome (Coloboma, Heart defects, Atresia of the nasal choanae, Retardation of growth and development, Genitourinary anomalies, and Ear anomalies), and Complete DiGeorge Syndrome. Congenital athymia can result from defects in genes that impact thymic organ development such as FOXN1 and PAX1 or from genes that are involved in development of the entire midline region, such as TBX1 within the 22q11.2 region, CHD7, and FOXI3. Patients with congenital athymia have profound immunodeficiency, increased susceptibility to infections, and frequently, autologous graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Athymic patients often present with absent T cells but normal numbers of B cells and Natural Killer cells (T-B+NK+), similar to a phenotype of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID); these patients may require additional steps to confirm the diagnosis if no known genetic cause of athymia is identified. However, distinguishing athymia from SCID is crucial, as treatments differ for these conditions. Cultured thymus tissue is being investigated as a treatment for congenital athymia. Here, we review what is known about the epidemiology, underlying etiologies, clinical manifestations, and treatments for congenital athymia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathleen Collins
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy Immunology, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah Kulke
- Enzyvant Therapeutics, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elena W Y Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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30
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Onesimo R, Ricci D, Agazzi C, Leone S, Petrianni M, Orazi L, Amore F, Salerni A, Leoni C, Chieffo D, Tartaglia M, Mercuri E, Zampino G. Visual Function and Ophthalmological Findings in CHARGE Syndrome: Revision of Literature, Definition of a New Clinical Spectrum and Genotype Phenotype Correlation. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12070972. [PMID: 34202106 PMCID: PMC8303791 DOI: 10.3390/genes12070972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome (CS) is a rare genetic disease causing multiple anatomical defects and sensory impairment. Visual function is usually reported by caregivers and has never been described with a structured behavioral assessment. Our primary objective was to describe ocular abnormalities, visual function and genotype–ocular-phenotype correlation in CS. A prospective monocentric cohort study was performed on 14 children with CS carrying pathogenic CHD7 variants. All children underwent ophthalmological evaluation and structured behavioral assessment of visual function. The VISIOCHARGE questionnaire was administered to parents. Colobomas were present in 93% of patients. Genotype–phenotype correlation documented mitigated features in a subset of patients with intronic pathogenic variants predicted to affect transcript processing, and severe features in patients with frameshift/nonsense variants predicting protein truncation at the N-terminus. Abnormal visual function was present in all subjects, with different degrees of impairment. A significant correlation was found between visual function and age at assessment (p-value = 0.025). The present data are the first to characterize visual function in CS patients. They suggest that hypomorphic variants might be associated with milder features, and that visual function appears to be related to age. While studies with larger cohorts are required for confirmation, our data indicate that experience appears to influence everyday use of visual function more than ocular abnormalities do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Onesimo
- Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (C.L.); (G.Z.)
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0630155210; Fax: +39-0630154363
| | - Daniela Ricci
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients-IAPB Italia Onlus, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (L.O.); (F.A.)
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cristiana Agazzi
- Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (C.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Simona Leone
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients-IAPB Italia Onlus, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (L.O.); (F.A.)
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Petrianni
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients-IAPB Italia Onlus, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (L.O.); (F.A.)
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Orazi
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients-IAPB Italia Onlus, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (L.O.); (F.A.)
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Filippo Amore
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients-IAPB Italia Onlus, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.R.); (S.L.); (M.P.); (L.O.); (F.A.)
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Annabella Salerni
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Chiara Leoni
- Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (C.L.); (G.Z.)
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Chieffo
- Clinical psychology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (C.L.); (G.Z.)
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Tenenbaum-Rakover Y, Admoni O, Elias-Assad G, London S, Noufi-Barhoum M, Ludar H, Almagor T, Zehavi Y, Sultan C, Bertalan R, Bashamboo A, McElreavey K. The evolving role of whole-exome sequencing in the management of disorders of sex development. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:620-629. [PMID: 34009138 PMCID: PMC8240709 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disorders of sex development (DSD) are defined as congenital conditions in which the development of chromosomal, gonadal and anatomical sex is atypical. Despite wide laboratory and imaging investigations, the etiology of DSD is unknown in over 50% of patients. METHODS We evaluated the etiology of DSD by whole-exome sequencing (WES) at a mean age of 10 years in nine patients for whom extensive evaluation, including hormonal, imaging and candidate gene approaches, had not identified an etiology. RESULTS The eight 46,XY patients presented with micropenis, cryptorchidism and hypospadias at birth and the 46,XX patient presented with labia majora fusion. In seven patients (78%), pathogenic variants were identified for RXFP2, HSD17B3, WT1, BMP4, POR, CHD7 and SIN3A. In two atients, no causative variants were found. Mutations in three genes were reported previously with different phenotypes: an 11-year-old boy with a novel de novo variant in BMP4; such variants are mainly associated with microphthalmia and in few cases with external genitalia anomalies in males, supporting the role of BMP4 in the development of male external genitalia; a 12-year-old boy with a known pathogenic variant in RXFP2, encoding insulin-like 3 hormone receptor, and previously reported in adult men with cryptorchidism; an 8-year-old boy with syndromic DSD had a de novo deletion in SIN3A. CONCLUSIONS Our findings of molecular etiologies for DSD in 78% of our patients indicate a major role for WES in early DSD diagnosis and management - and highlights the importance of rapid molecular diagnosis in early infancy for sex of rearing decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yardena Tenenbaum-Rakover
- Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Osnat Admoni
- Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Ghadir Elias-Assad
- Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shira London
- Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Marie Noufi-Barhoum
- Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan, Safed, Israel
| | - Hanna Ludar
- Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Tal Almagor
- Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Yoav Zehavi
- Pediatric Department, B, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Charles Sultan
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Gynecology Unit, CHU de Montpellier, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve et Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A case-control association study. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate whether CHD7 was associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in Chinese Han population and to further explore the functional role of CHD7 in the development of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Several studies have explored the association of CHD7 with scoliosis in patients of European descent, while the results were inconsistent. There was a lack of study investigating the association of CHD7 with AIS in Chinese Han population. METHODS Variants within CHD7 were genotyped in 965 AIS patients and 976 healthy controls. Whole exome sequencing was performed in 96 AIS patients. Paraspinal muscles of 43AIS patients and 38 lumbar disc herniation patients were collected for the evaluation of the gene expression. Intergroup comparison was performed with the χ2 test for genotyping data or Student t test for tissue expression. The relationship of CHD7 expression with clinical phenotypes was determined by the Pearson correlation. RESULT Variant rs121434341 of CHD7 was significantly associated with AIS. AIS patients were found to have a remarkable higher frequency of allele G when compared with healthy controls (2.89% vs. 1.57%, P = 0.0018), with an odds ratio value of 1.89. A pathogenic mutation affecting normal splicing was identified in a patient. Moreover, the expression level of CHD7 in AIS patients was significantly lower than in the controls (0.0008437 ± 0.00004583 vs. 0.001129 ± 0.00003773, P < 0.001), and CHD7 expression was positively correlated with bone mineral contents (P = 0.036, r = 0.32). CONCLUSION Genetic variants of CHD7 were significantly associated with AIS. Moreover, the decreased expression of CHD7 may be involved in the abnormal bone mass of AIS patients. Further studies are warranted to investigate the functional role of CHD7 in the pathogenesis of AIS.Level of Evidence: 3.
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33
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Kargapolova Y, Rehimi R, Kayserili H, Brühl J, Sofiadis K, Zirkel A, Palikyras S, Mizi A, Li Y, Yigit G, Hoischen A, Frank S, Russ N, Trautwein J, van Bon B, Gilissen C, Laugsch M, Gusmao EG, Josipovic N, Altmüller J, Nürnberg P, Längst G, Kaiser FJ, Watrin E, Brunner H, Rada-Iglesias A, Kurian L, Wollnik B, Bouazoune K, Papantonis A. Overarching control of autophagy and DNA damage response by CHD6 revealed by modeling a rare human pathology. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3014. [PMID: 34021162 PMCID: PMC8140133 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23327-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the chromodomain-helicase-DNA binding (CHD) protein family are chromatin remodelers implicated in human pathologies, with CHD6 being one of its least studied members. We discovered a de novo CHD6 missense mutation in a patient clinically presenting the rare Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS). We used genome editing to generate isogenic iPSC lines and model HSS in relevant cell types. By combining genomics with functional in vivo and in vitro assays, we show that CHD6 binds a cohort of autophagy and stress response genes across cell types. The HSS mutation affects CHD6 protein folding and impairs its ability to recruit co-remodelers in response to DNA damage or autophagy stimulation. This leads to accumulation of DNA damage burden and senescence-like phenotypes. We therefore uncovered a molecular mechanism explaining HSS onset via chromatin control of autophagic flux and genotoxic stress surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Kargapolova
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Heart Center, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Rizwan Rehimi
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Age-associated Disorders (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Joanna Brühl
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Anne Zirkel
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Spiros Palikyras
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Athanasia Mizi
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yun Li
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gökhan Yigit
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Frank
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nicole Russ
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jonathan Trautwein
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bregje van Bon
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Laugsch
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eduardo Gade Gusmao
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Natasa Josipovic
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gernot Längst
- Biochemistry Centre Regensburg (BRC), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank J Kaiser
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Erwan Watrin
- Research Institute of Genetics and Development, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Han Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alvaro Rada-Iglesias
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Age-associated Disorders (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria (IBBTEC), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Leo Kurian
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karim Bouazoune
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Argyris Papantonis
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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George RM, Firulli AB. Epigenetics and Heart Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:637996. [PMID: 34026751 PMCID: PMC8136428 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.637996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic control of gene expression during cardiac development and disease has been a topic of intense research in recent years. Advances in experimental methods to study DNA accessibility, transcription factor occupancy, and chromatin conformation capture technologies have helped identify regions of chromatin structure that play a role in regulating access of transcription factors to the promoter elements of genes, thereby modulating expression. These chromatin structures facilitate enhancer contacts across large genomic distances and function to insulate genes from cis-regulatory elements that lie outside the boundaries for the gene of interest. Changes in transcription factor occupancy due to changes in chromatin accessibility have been implicated in congenital heart disease. However, the factors controlling this process and their role in changing gene expression during development or disease remain unclear. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the understanding of epigenetic factors controlling cardiac morphogenesis and their role in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani M George
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Anthony B Firulli
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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35
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De Luca C, Picone S, Cassina M, Marziali S, Morlino S, Camerota L, Tamburrini G, Castori M, Paolillo P, Salviati L, Brancati F. Craniosynostosis is a feature of CHD7-related CHARGE syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:2160-2163. [PMID: 33844462 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is a rare genetic multiple-malformation disorder characterized by wide phenotypic variability. It is often caused by heterozygous variants in CHD7 and, more rarely, SEMA3E. Although craniofacial alterations are frequent in this condition, to date craniosynostosis is not considered part of the clinical spectrum. Here, we report bi-coronal craniosynostosis in a newborn affected by CHARGE syndrome caused by the de novo heterozygous c.6157C>T, p.(Arg2053*) CHD7 variant. We found two additional subjects in the literature with different craniosynostoses and distinct CHD7 alterations. The inclusion of CHD7-related CHARGE syndrome in the group of rare causes of syndromic craniosynostoses is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Luca
- Human Genetics, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Simonetta Picone
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, Policlinico Casilino Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Cassina
- Clinical Genetics, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Marziali
- Division of Neuroradiology, Policlinico Casilino Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Morlino
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Letizia Camerota
- Human Genetics, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Tamburrini
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Castori
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Piermichele Paolillo
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, Policlinico Casilino Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Brancati
- Human Genetics, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Division of Human Functional Genomics, San Raffaele Pisana IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Camacho-Ordonez N, Ballestar E, Timmers HTM, Grimbacher B. What can clinical immunology learn from inborn errors of epigenetic regulators? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1602-1618. [PMID: 33609625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The epigenome is at the interface between environmental factors and the genome, regulating gene transcription, DNA repair, and replication. Epigenetic modifications play a crucial role in establishing and maintaining cell identity and are especially crucial for neurology, musculoskeletal integrity, and the function of the immune system. Mutations in genes encoding for the components of the epigenetic machinery lead to the development of distinct disorders, especially involving the central nervous system and host defense. In this review, we focus on the role of epigenetic modifications for the function of the immune system. By studying the immune phenotype of patients with monogenic mutations in components of the epigenetic machinery (inborn errors of epigenetic regulators), we demonstrate the importance of DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, noncoding RNAs, and mRNA processing for immunity. Moreover, we give a short overview on therapeutic strategies targeting the epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Camacho-Ordonez
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Esteban Ballestar
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Th Marc Timmers
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Urology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; DZIF - German Center for Infection Research, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany; RESIST- Cluster of Excellence 2155 to Hanover Medical School, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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37
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Rebello A, Rodrigues AM, Kaliyappan A. Late presentation of CHARGE syndrome with heart failure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcchd.2020.100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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38
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Guida V, Calzari L, Fadda MT, Piceci-Sparascio F, Digilio MC, Bernardini L, Brancati F, Mattina T, Melis D, Forzano F, Briuglia S, Mazza T, Bianca S, Valente EM, Salehi LB, Prontera P, Pagnoni M, Tenconi R, Dallapiccola B, Iannetti G, Corsaro L, De Luca A, Gentilini D. Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Analysis of a Cohort of 41 Patients Affected by Oculo-Auriculo-Vertebral Spectrum (OAVS). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031190. [PMID: 33530447 PMCID: PMC7866060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oculo-auriculo-vertebral-spectrum (OAVS; OMIM 164210) is a rare disorder originating from abnormal development of the first and second branchial arch. The clinical phenotype is extremely heterogeneous with ear anomalies, hemifacial microsomia, ocular defects, and vertebral malformations being the main features. MYT1, AMIGO2, and ZYG11B gene variants were reported in a few OAVS patients, but the etiology remains largely unknown. A multifactorial origin has been proposed, including the involvement of environmental and epigenetic mechanisms. To identify the epigenetic mechanisms contributing to OAVS, we evaluated the DNA-methylation profiles of 41 OAVS unrelated affected individuals by using a genome-wide microarray-based methylation approach. The analysis was first carried out comparing OAVS patients with controls at the group level. It revealed a moderate epigenetic variation in a large number of genes implicated in basic chromatin dynamics such as DNA packaging and protein-DNA organization. The alternative analysis in individual profiles based on the searching for Stochastic Epigenetic Variants (SEV) identified an increased number of SEVs in OAVS patients compared to controls. Although no recurrent deregulated enriched regions were found, isolated patients harboring suggestive epigenetic deregulations were identified. The recognition of a different DNA methylation pattern in the OAVS cohort and the identification of isolated patients with suggestive epigenetic variations provide consistent evidence for the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms to the etiology of this complex and heterogeneous disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Guida
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy; (F.P.-S.); (L.B.); (A.D.L.)
- Correspondence: (V.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Luciano Calzari
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Bioinformatics and Statistical Genomics Unit, Cusano Milanino, 20095 Milano, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Fadda
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.T.F.); (M.P.); (G.I.)
| | - Francesca Piceci-Sparascio
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy; (F.P.-S.); (L.B.); (A.D.L.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Digilio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.C.D.); (B.D.)
| | - Laura Bernardini
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy; (F.P.-S.); (L.B.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Francesco Brancati
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Medical Genetics University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Mattina
- Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy;
| | - Daniela Melis
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Francesca Forzano
- Clinical Genetics Department, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK;
| | | | - Tommaso Mazza
- Unit of Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Bianca
- Centro di Consulenza Genetica e Teratologia della Riproduzione, Dipartimento Materno Infantile, ARNAS Garibaldi Nesima, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Prontera
- Medical Genetics Unit, University of Perugia Hospital SM della Misericordia, 06129 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Mario Pagnoni
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.T.F.); (M.P.); (G.I.)
| | - Romano Tenconi
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Genetics, Università di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy;
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.C.D.); (B.D.)
| | - Giorgio Iannetti
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.T.F.); (M.P.); (G.I.)
| | - Luigi Corsaro
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy; (F.P.-S.); (L.B.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Davide Gentilini
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Bioinformatics and Statistical Genomics Unit, Cusano Milanino, 20095 Milano, Italy;
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.G.); (D.G.)
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Wael Alnahar B, Alsheikh AM, Alruhaimi AG, Abdulghani IA. Sporadic Case of CHARGE Syndrome With Chromodomain-Helicase-DNA-Binding Protein 7 (CDH7) Gene Mutation. Cureus 2020; 12:e12291. [PMID: 33391964 PMCID: PMC7772166 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome with chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 7 (CDH7) gene mutation is a genetic disease with an autosomal dominant gene. This syndrome involves a combination of six congenital anomalies (heart anomalies, coloboma of the eye, retardation of the growth or development, atresia of the choana, ear anomalies, and genital anomalies). Here, we present a case of a 15-month-old male child who was born to a 23-year-old healthy mother with no history of any exposure to teratogenic materials or drugs. The patient was delivered by cesarean section because of the failure of progression at 39 weeks of pregnancy with several health problems that started with the respiratory system right after birth. On examination, he was found to be suffering from several congenital anomalies, including heart, face, eyes, ears, and genitalia. A genetic analysis was performed for the patient, and a mutation in the CDH7 gene was found. The patient was diagnosed as a sporadic case of CHARGE syndrome. The patient's treatment plan is a multidisciplinary team effort to alleviate his quality of life and further increase life expectancy.
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Mittal R, Bencie N, Liu G, Eshraghi N, Nisenbaum E, Blanton SH, Yan D, Mittal J, Dinh CT, Young JI, Gong F, Liu XZ. Recent advancements in understanding the role of epigenetics in the auditory system. Gene 2020; 761:144996. [PMID: 32738421 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sensorineural deafness in mammals is most commonly caused by damage to inner ear sensory epithelia, or hair cells, and can be attributed to genetic and environmental causes. After undergoing trauma, many non-mammalian organisms, including reptiles, birds, and zebrafish, are capable of regenerating damaged hair cells. Mammals, however, are not capable of regenerating damaged inner ear sensory epithelia, so that hair cell damage is permanent and can lead to hearing loss. The field of epigenetics, which is the study of various phenotypic changes caused by modification of genetic expression rather than alteration of DNA sequence, has seen numerous developments in uncovering biological mechanisms of gene expression and creating various medical treatments. However, there is a lack of information on the precise contribution of epigenetic modifications in the auditory system, specifically regarding their correlation with development of inner ear (cochlea) and consequent hearing impairment. Current studies have suggested that epigenetic modifications influence differentiation, development, and protection of auditory hair cells in cochlea, and can lead to hair cell degeneration. The objective of this article is to review the existing literature and discuss the advancements made in understanding epigenetic modifications of inner ear sensory epithelial cells. The analysis of the emerging epigenetic mechanisms related to inner ear sensory epithelial cells development, differentiation, protection, and regeneration will pave the way to develop novel therapeutic strategies for hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nicole Bencie
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - George Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nicolas Eshraghi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eric Nisenbaum
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Susan H Blanton
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Denise Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Christine T Dinh
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Juan I Young
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Feng Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Xue Zhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Recent advancements in understanding the role of epigenetics in the auditory system. Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144996
expr 848609818 + 898508594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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CHD7 regulates cardiovascular development through ATP-dependent and -independent activities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28847-28858. [PMID: 33127760 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005222117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CHD7 encodes an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factor. Mutation of this gene causes multiple developmental disorders, including CHARGE (Coloboma of the eye, Heart defects, Atresia of the choanae, Retardation of growth/development, Genital abnormalities, and Ear anomalies) syndrome, in which conotruncal anomalies are the most prevalent form of heart defects. How CHD7 regulates conotruncal development remains unclear. In this study, we establish that deletion of Chd7 in neural crest cells (NCCs) causes severe conotruncal defects and perinatal lethality, thus providing mouse genetic evidence demonstrating that CHD7 cell-autonomously regulates cardiac NCC development, thereby clarifying a long-standing controversy in the literature. Using transcriptomic analyses, we show that CHD7 fine-tunes the expression of a gene network that is critical for cardiac NCC development. To gain further molecular insights into gene regulation by CHD7, we performed a protein-protein interaction screen by incubating recombinant CHD7 on a protein array. We find that CHD7 directly interacts with several developmental disorder-mutated proteins including WDR5, a core component of H3K4 methyltransferase complexes. This direct interaction suggested that CHD7 may recruit histone-modifying enzymes to target loci independently of its remodeling functions. We therefore generated a mouse model that harbors an ATPase-deficient allele and demonstrates that mutant CHD7 retains the ability to recruit H3K4 methyltransferase activity to its targets. Thus, our data uncover that CHD7 regulates cardiovascular development through ATP-dependent and -independent activities, shedding light on the etiology of CHD7-related congenital disorders. Importantly, our data also imply that patients carrying a premature stop codon versus missense mutations will likely display different molecular alterations; these patients might therefore require personalized therapeutic interventions.
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The mechanisms of action of chromatin remodelers and implications in development and disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Dosunmu EO, Castleberry KM. CHARGE syndrome without colobomas: Ophthalmic findings. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 184:611-617. [PMID: 32914532 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To report ophthalmic findings of patients without colobomas, and with a clinical and molecular diagnosis of CHARGE Syndrome. Retrospective study of ophthalmic findings in 67 CHARGE patients-clinically confirmed diagnosis with positive CHD7 mutation-seen in the Ophthalmology department of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center between January 1, 2008 through September 25, 2018. Criteria for inclusion in this study was absence of any form of a coloboma in either eye. In our cohort, all patients had a positive CHD7 mutation, in addition to a clinical diagnosis. 19.4% (13/67) of CHARGE patients did not have a coloboma in either eye. 69.2% (9/13) had strabismus, 76.9% (10/13) had a refractive error that warranted refractive correction, 23.1% (3/13) had amblyopia, 38.5% (5/13) had nasolacrimal duct obstruction, 30.8% (4/13) had dry eye syndrome and exposure keratopathy, 15.4% (2/13) had ptosis, 15.4% (2/13) had blepharitis, 15.4% (2/13) had Cortical Visual Impairment, 7.7% (1/13) of patients had optic nerve drusen, 7.7% (1/13) had Marcus Gunn Jaw Winking, and 7.7% (1/13) with an eyelid nevus. There are numerous ophthalmic findings in individuals with CHARGE Syndrome without colobomas. No study to date has evaluated the ophthalmic findings in CHD7 positive CHARGE patients without colobomas. These findings need to be assessed and treated to ensure optimal vision in the CHARGE patient population. Absence of coloboma does not rule out a diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome, and if there is a clinical suspicion, clinical confirmation then genetic testing would be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eniolami O Dosunmu
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Yoon KH, Fox SC, Dicipulo R, Lehmann OJ, Waskiewicz AJ. Ocular coloboma: Genetic variants reveal a dynamic model of eye development. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 184:590-610. [PMID: 32852110 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ocular coloboma is a congenital disorder of the eye where a gap exists in the inferior retina, lens, iris, or optic nerve tissue. With a prevalence of 2-19 per 100,000 live births, coloboma, and microphthalmia, an associated ocular disorder, represent up to 10% of childhood blindness. It manifests due to the failure of choroid fissure closure during eye development, and it is a part of a spectrum of ocular disorders that include microphthalmia and anophthalmia. Use of genetic approaches from classical pedigree analyses to next generation sequencing has identified more than 40 loci that are associated with the causality of ocular coloboma. As we have expanded studies to include singleton cases, hereditability has been very challenging to prove. As such, researchers over the past 20 years, have unraveled the complex interrelationship amongst these 40 genes using vertebrate model organisms. Such research has greatly increased our understanding of eye development. These genes function to regulate initial specification of the eye field, migration of retinal precursors, patterning of the retina, neural crest cell biology, and activity of head mesoderm. This review will discuss the discovery of loci using patient data, their investigations in animal models, and the recent advances stemming from animal models that shed new light in patient diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women & Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sabrina C Fox
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women & Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Renée Dicipulo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women & Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ordan J Lehmann
- Women & Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew J Waskiewicz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women & Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Wei H, Tan ES, Jamuar S, Lai AHM, Ng I, Tan EC. Additional individuals with CHD7 variants in Chinese and other southeast Asian patients. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:2461-2465. [PMID: 32804436 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heming Wei
- Research Laboratory, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ee-Shien Tan
- Genetics Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saumya Jamuar
- Genetics Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angeline H M Lai
- Genetics Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ivy Ng
- Genetics Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ene-Choo Tan
- Research Laboratory, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Qin Z, Su J, Li M, Yang Q, Yi S, Zheng H, Zhang Q, Chen F, Yi S, Lu W, Li W, Huang L, Xu J, Shen Y, Luo J. Clinical and Genetic Analysis of CHD7 Expands the Genotype and Phenotype of CHARGE Syndrome. Front Genet 2020; 11:592. [PMID: 32625235 PMCID: PMC7314916 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is a life-threatening disease caused by mutations of chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 gene (CHD7). The disease is characterized by a pattern of congenital anomalies that involve multiple organs. In this study, five patients were diagnosed as CHARGE syndrome with CHD7 mutations by whole exome sequencing. Although the clinical phenotypes of probands are highly variable and typical symptoms such as coloboma and choanal atresia are not commonly manifested in this cohort, they all presented congenital heart defects. Of note, dyspnea is the most prominent symptom in all five neonatal patients, suggesting that dyspnea might be a phenotypic clue of CHARGE syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zailong Qin
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jiasun Su
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Shang Yi
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Haiyang Zheng
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Sheng Yi
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Weiliang Lu
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Li
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Limei Huang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yiping Shen
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jingsi Luo
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
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48
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A novel missense variant in CHD7, a rare cause of CHARGE syndrome. Clin Dysmorphol 2020; 29:158-160. [DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pugnaloni F, Digilio MC, Putotto C, De Luca E, Marino B, Versacci P. Genetics of atrioventricular canal defects. Ital J Pediatr 2020; 46:61. [PMID: 32404184 PMCID: PMC7222302 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrioventricular canal defect (AVCD) represents a quite common congenital heart defect (CHD) accounting for 7.4% of all cardiac malformations. AVCD is a very heterogeneous malformation that can occur as a phenotypical cardiac aspect in the context of different genetic syndromes but also as an isolated, non-syndromic cardiac defect. AVCD has also been described in several pedigrees suggesting a pattern of familiar recurrence. Targeted Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) techniques are proved to be a powerful tool to establish the molecular heterogeneity of AVCD. Given the complexity of cardiac embryology, it is not surprising that multiple genes deeply implicated in cardiogenesis have been described mutated in patients with AVCD. This review attempts to examine the recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of this complex CHD in the setting of genetic syndromes or in non-syndromic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Pugnaloni
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Digilio
- Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital and Research Institute, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Putotto
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica De Luca
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Marino
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Versacci
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Eintracht J, Corton M, FitzPatrick D, Moosajee M. CUGC for syndromic microphthalmia including next-generation sequencing-based approaches. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:679-690. [PMID: 31896778 PMCID: PMC7171178 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0565-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Corton
- Department of Genetics, IIS-University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz-CIBERER, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mariya Moosajee
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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