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Kanwar K, Bashey S, Bohnsack BL, Drackley A, Ing A, Rahmani S, Ranaivo HR, McMullen P, Skol A, Yap K, Allegretti V, Rossen JL. Ocular manifestations of CHARGE syndrome in a pediatric cohort with genotype/phenotype analysis. Am J Med Genet A 2024:e63618. [PMID: 38597178 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is a rare multi-system condition associated with CHD7 variants. However, ocular manifestations and particularly ophthalmic genotype-phenotype associations, are not well-studied. This study evaluated ocular manifestations and genotype-phenotype associations in pediatric patients with CHARGE syndrome. A retrospective chart review included pediatric patients under 20 years-old with clinical diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome and documented ophthalmic examination. Demographics, genetic testing, and ocular findings were collected. Comprehensive literature review enhanced the genotype-phenotype analysis. Forty-two patients (20 male) underwent eye examination at an average age of 9.45 ± 6.52 years-old. Thirty-nine (93%) had ophthalmic manifestations in at least one eye. Optic nerve/chorioretinal colobomas were most common (38 patients), followed by microphthalmia (13), cataract (6), and iris colobomas (4). Extraocular findings included strabismus (32 patients), nasolacrimal duct obstructions (11, 5 with punctal agenesis), and cranial nerve VII palsy (10). Genotype-phenotype analyses (27 patients) showed variability in ocular phenotypes without association to location or variant types. Splicing (10 patients) and frameshift (10) variants were most prevalent. Patients with CHARGE syndrome may present with a myriad of ophthalmic manifestations. There is limited data regarding genotype-phenotype correlations and additional studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Kanwar
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Saffiya Bashey
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brenda L Bohnsack
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andy Drackley
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexander Ing
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Safa Rahmani
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hantamalala Ralay Ranaivo
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Patrick McMullen
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew Skol
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kailee Yap
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Valerie Allegretti
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jennifer L Rossen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Johnson GM, Rossen JL, Simon SS, Weinstein JL, Ralay Ranaivo H, Yoon HH. Leukemic Optic Neuropathy in Pediatric Patients: A Case Series. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2024; 61:67-72. [PMID: 37227013 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20230331-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the presentation, clinical course, and treatment of a series of children with leukemic optic neuropathy. METHODS Patients with leukemia who were treated at a tertiary children's hospital for optic nerve infiltration were included (n = 11). Demographic information, cancer history, ophthalmologic examination findings, treatment, and outcomes were retrospectively collected. RESULTS Mean age was 10.0 ± 4.8 years, and 63.6% were male and 36.4% were female. The most common underlying oncologic diagnosis was B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 7, 63.6%). Notably, the majority presented with optic nerve infiltration during presumed remission (n = 9, 81.8%), but 2 patients (18.2%) presented with optic nerve infiltration at their initial leukemia diagnosis. Cerebrospinal fluid was positive for leukemic cells in 36.4% of patients. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated optic nerve enhancement and/or enlargement in only 8 patients (72.7%). In addition to other leukemia-directed treatment, 8 patients (72.7%) received emergent local radiation within 1.5 ± 1.2 days of initial ophthalmology examination. CONCLUSIONS The largely negative cerebrospinal fluid results and variable magnetic resonance imaging findings in this study emphasize the importance of clinical context for this diagnosis. Clinicians should consider optic nerve infiltration in patients with leukemia and visual or ocular complaints, because urgent treatment is required to preserve vision and manage systemic disease. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2024;61(1):67-72.].
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Bowman S, Noble G, Rahmani B, Mets M, Ralay Ranaivo H, Castelluccio V. A case of blepharophimosis: Freeman Sheldon syndrome. Ophthalmic Genet 2022; 43:130-133. [PMID: 34664542 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.1989603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Important implications exist for ophthalmologists when considering possible early surgical intervention for potential amblyogenic anatomical abnormalities. The authors discuss the risks and benefits from an ophthalmological perspective of different interventions and review the genetic testing that confirmed the diagnosis. OBSERVATIONS The authors describe the findings and management of an infant with Freeman Sheldon syndrome presenting with blepharophimosis of both eyelids resulting in inability to open both eyes during the first several days of life. Although the mode of inheritance for Freeman Sheldon syndrome (formerly known as Whistling Face Syndrome) is often autosomal dominant, our patient had no known family history of congenital abnormalities or consanguinity. However, genetic testing confirmed a heterozygous variant in MYH3, consistent with autosomal dominant Freeman Sheldon Syndrome. When our patient required gastrostomy (G-tube_placement, we performed an exam under anesthesia (EUA)). As is typical for Freeman Sheldon syndrome patients, intubation was difficult and complicated by pneumothorax. Eye-opening improved slightly after several weeks of life; however, the decision was made to proceed with eyelid surgery to prevent deprivation amblyopia. Surgery is scheduled for a future date. Additionally, the patient had congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction of the left eye; however, a probing and irrigation failed because of obstruction from the abnormal facial anatomy. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE Patients with Freeman Sheldon syndrome are at increased risk for complications from anesthesia and surgery. Risks and benefits should be strongly considered and discussed with parent(s)/guardian(s) prior to any surgical intervention. Genetic testing of the MYH3 gene can confirm the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Bowman
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gwen Noble
- Ophthalmology, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bahram Rahmani
- Ophthalmology, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Marilyn Mets
- Ophthalmology, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Valerie Castelluccio
- Ophthalmology, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Abstract
AIM To investigate the impact of concussion on pupillary function in children by examining pupillometric parameters and assessing for differences in children reporting photosensitivity. METHODS Retrospective chart review was performed of pediatric patients referred for visual symptoms after concussion from 2017 to 2018 seen in a single academic outpatient clinic. Pupillometry data of 92 patients were included. Outcomes were compared to normative pediatric data from the same institution by 2-sample t tests. The association between photosensitivity and each outcome was assessed by use of linear mixed models with photosensitivity as a fixed effect and random patient effect. RESULTS Outcomes of 181 eyes in 92 concussion patients were averaged by patient and compared to normative values in scotopic conditions. Concussion patients had an average age of 13.8 ± 2.64 years. Average constriction velocity (P = .0008), maximum constriction velocity (P = .0012), and average dilation velocity (P = .0034) were faster in concussion patients, whereas 75% recovery times (P = .0027) was increased. Photosensitivity did not significantly affect measured pupillary responses. CONCLUSION Dynamic pupillary responses may be increased in pediatric concussion. Pupillometry may provide insight into the complex pathophysiological changes underlying pediatric concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, 12244Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Ophthalmology, 2429Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Jerry Hsu, MD and Magdalena Stec, OD are co-first authors of this article
| | - Magdalena Stec
- Division of Ophthalmology, 2429Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Jerry Hsu, MD and Magdalena Stec, OD are co-first authors of this article
| | - Hantamalala Ralay Ranaivo
- Division of Ophthalmology, 2429Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nina Srdanovic
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, 12244Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sudhi P Kurup
- Department of Ophthalmology, 12244Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Ophthalmology, 2429Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Shah SS, Ranaivo HR, Mets-Halgrimson RB, Rychlik K, Kurup SP. Establishing a normative database for quantitative pupillometry in the pediatric population. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:121. [PMID: 32216772 PMCID: PMC7098071 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pupillary evaluation is a crucial element of physical exams. Noting size, reactivity, and consensual response is critical in assessing for optic nerve dysfunction. We aim to establish normative data for scotopic pupillary size and function in the pediatric population in a clinical setting. METHODS Pupillometry was obtained prospectively for consecutive, normal patients < 18 years old being evaluated by Lurie Children's Ophthalmology. Quantitative data included maximum (MAX) and minimum (MIN) diameters, constriction percentage (CON), latency (LAT), average (ACV) and maximum (MCV) constriction velocities, average dilation velocity (ADV), and 75% recovery time (T75). Iris color was noted as light, intermediate, or dark. RESULTS 196 eyes of 101 participants (42.6% male, ages 1-17 years, average age 10.3 years) were analyzed. Mean MAX was 6.6 mm (5.1-8.1 mm 95% CI); MIN was 4.7 mm (3.1-6.1 mm 95% CI); CON was 30% (17-42 95% CI); LAT was 230 milliseconds (160-300 ms 95% CI); ACV was 3.70 mm/sec (2.21-5.18 mm/sec 95% CI); and ADV was 0.88 mm/sec (0.38-1.38 mm/sec 95% CI). Age had a positive correlation with MAX, MIN, and CON. 84.2 and 95.8% of participants showed resting pupil asymmetry of ≤0.5 mm and ≤ 1.0 mm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative pupillometry can be a useful tool for screening pediatric patients. We sought to establish normative data in this group. We found males to have significantly greater MCV and CON than females (p < 0.05). Also, age had a positive correlation with MAX, MIN, and CON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket S Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Rebecca B Mets-Halgrimson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karen Rychlik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sudhi P Kurup
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Hsu J, Treister AD, Ralay Ranaivo H, Rowley AH, Rahmani B. Microbiology of Pediatric Orbital Cellulitis and Trends in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Cases. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2019; 58:1056-1062. [PMID: 31311311 DOI: 10.1177/0009922819864587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We reviewed medical records of children with orbital cellulitis with positive cultures at a tertiary institution from 2005 to 2018 to identify microbiology trends and features associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) cases. Cultures obtained from the orbits (n = 33), sinuses (n = 31), and dural cavities (n = 4) had yields of 66.7%, 61.3%, and 75%, respectively, compared with 17.6% of blood cultures (n = 69). Fifty-five patients had positive culture results. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen isolated (n = 19), followed by Streptococcus species, most commonly Streptococcus anginosus (n = 8). The most frequently prescribed antibiotic combination regimen was ampicillin-sulbactam followed by amoxicillin-clavulanate. There were 8 cases of MRSA. MRSA was associated with an age of presentation <1 year old (P = .034). Other clinical features were similar between MRSA and non-MRSA cases. In infants and neonates, or those with epidemiologic risk factors, MRSA should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Hsu
- 1 Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,2 Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alison D Treister
- 1 Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,2 Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Anne H Rowley
- 1 Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,2 Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bahram Rahmani
- 1 Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,2 Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Shah SS, Kurup SP, Ralay Ranaivo H, Mets-Halgrimson RB, Mets MB. Pupillary manifestations of Marfan syndrome: from the Marfan eye consortium of Chicago. Ophthalmic Genet 2018; 39:297-299. [DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2018.1424207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanket S. Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sudhi P. Kurup
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Rebecca B. Mets-Halgrimson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marilyn B. Mets
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Alqahtani MF, Smith CM, Weiss SL, Dawson S, Ralay Ranaivo H, Wainwright MS. Evaluation of New Diagnostic Biomarkers in Pediatric Sepsis: Matrix Metalloproteinase-9, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1, Mid-Regional Pro-Atrial Natriuretic Peptide, and Adipocyte Fatty-Acid Binding Protein. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153645. [PMID: 27089280 PMCID: PMC4835068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (mrProANP), and adipocyte fatty-acid-binding proteins (A-FaBPs) have been investigated as biomarkers for sepsis or detection of acute neurological injuries in adults, but not children. We carried out a single-center, prospective observational study to determine if these measures could serve as biomarkers to identify children with sepsis. A secondary aim was to determine if these biomarkers could identify children with neurologic complications of sepsis. A total of 90 patients ≤ 18 years-old were included in this study. 30 with severe sepsis or septic shock were compared to 30 age-matched febrile and 30 age-matched healthy controls. Serial measurements of each biomarker were obtained, beginning on day 1 of ICU admission. In septic patients, MMP9-/TIMP-1 ratios (Median, IQR, n) were reduced on day 1 (0.024, 0.004–0.174, 13), day 2 (0.020, 0.002–0.109, 10), and day 3 (0.018, 0.003–0.058, 23) compared with febrile (0.705, 0.187–1.778, 22) and healthy (0.7, 0.4–1.2, 29) (p< 0.05) controls. A-FaBP and mrProANP (Median, IQR ng/mL, n) were elevated in septic patients compared to control groups on first 2 days after admission to the PICU (p <0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) for MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio, mrProANP, and A-FaBP to distinguish septic patients from healthy controls were 0.96, 0.99, and 0.76, respectively. MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio was inversely and mrProANP was directly related to PIM-2, PELOD, and ICU and hospital LOS (p<0.05). A-FaBP level was associated with PELOD, hospital and ICU length of stay (p<0.05). MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio associated with poor Glasgow Outcome Score (p<0.05). A-FaBP levels in septic patients with neurological dysfunction (29.3, 17.2–54.6, 7) were significantly increased compared to septic patients without neurological dysfunction (14.6, 13.3–20.6, 11). MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios were significantly lower, while A-FaBP and mrProANP were higher in septic patients compared to the control groups. Each biomarker was associated with hospital morbidity and length of stay. These results suggest that these biomarkers merit further prospective study for the early identification of children with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashael F. Alqahtani
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Critical Care, Ann & Robert. H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Craig M. Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Critical Care, Ann & Robert. H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Neurology, Ann & Robert. H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program, Ann & Robert. H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Scott L. Weiss
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Susan Dawson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Swedish Covenant Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hantamalala Ralay Ranaivo
- Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program, Ann & Robert. H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mark S. Wainwright
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Critical Care, Ann & Robert. H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Neurology, Ann & Robert. H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Ruth D. & Ken M. Davee Pediatric Neurocritical Care Program, Ann & Robert. H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ralay Ranaivo H, Hodge JN, Choi N, Wainwright MS. Albumin induces upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in astrocytes via MAPK and reactive oxygen species-dependent pathways. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:68. [PMID: 22507553 PMCID: PMC3419618 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astrocytes are an integral component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which may be compromised by ischemic or traumatic brain injury. In response to trauma, astrocytes increase expression of the endopeptidase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. Compromise of the BBB leads to the infiltration of fluid and blood-derived proteins including albumin into the brain parenchyma. Albumin has been previously shown to activate astrocytes and induce the production of inflammatory mediators. The effect of albumin on MMP-9 activation in astrocytes is not known. We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the production of MMP-9 by albumin in astrocytes. METHODS Primary enriched astrocyte cultures were used to investigate the effects of exposure to albumin on the release of MMP-9. MMP-9 expression was analyzed by zymography. The involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the TGF-β receptor-dependent pathways were investigated using pharmacological inhibitors. The production of ROS was observed by dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescence. The level of the MMP-9 inhibitor tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 produced by astrocytes was measured by ELISA. RESULTS We found that albumin induces a time-dependent release of MMP-9 via the activation of p38 MAPK and extracellular signal regulated kinase, but not Jun kinase. Albumin-induced MMP-9 production also involves ROS production upstream of the MAPK pathways. However, albumin-induced increase in MMP-9 is independent of the TGF-β receptor, previously described as a receptor for albumin. Albumin also induces an increase in TIMP-1 via an undetermined mechanism. CONCLUSIONS These results link albumin (acting through ROS and the p38 MAPK) to the activation of MMP-9 in astrocytes. Numerous studies identify a role for MMP-9 in the mechanisms of compromise of the BBB, epileptogenesis, or synaptic remodeling after ischemia or traumatic brain injury. The increase in MMP-9 produced by albumin further implicates both astrocytes and albumin in the acute and long-term complications of acute CNS insults, including cerebral edema and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hantamalala Ralay Ranaivo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Children's Memorial Hospital, 2300 Children's Plaza, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
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Ralay Ranaivo H, Zunich SM, Choi N, Hodge JN, Wainwright MS. Mild stretch-induced injury increases susceptibility to interleukin-1β-induced release of matrix metalloproteinase-9 from astrocytes. J Neurotrauma 2011; 28:1757-66. [PMID: 21732764 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2011.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in the activation of glia and the release of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β. The response of astrocytes to mild TBI has not been well studied. We used an in vitro model of cell stretch to investigate the effects of mild mechanical insult on astrocyte injury (lactate dehydrogenase and propidium iodide), and on mediators of inflammation including IL-1β, the chemokine CX3CL1, and nitrite. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a mild mechanical insult would increase susceptibility of astrocytes to delayed exposure to IL-1β, including enhanced release of the matrix metalloproteinease-9 (MMP-9). We investigated the role of the mitogen protein-activated kinase (MAPK) pathway in these responses. Cells subjected to a mild stretch show an increase in activation of the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways, and an increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), but no change in the levels of inflammatory mediators. An early increase in LDH was dependent on ERK activation. Exposure to IL-1β, or to stretch alone, did not increase MMP-9. In contrast, the combination of mild stretch followed by IL-1β resulted in greater activation of the ERK pathway compared to either stimulus alone, and also resulted in an increase in the production of MMP-9 by astrocytes. Inhibition of the ERK pathway suppressed the increase in MMP-9 induced by the combination of stretch and IL-1β treatment. These results suggest that a primary mild mechanical injury renders astrocytes more susceptible to a secondary exposure to a proinflammatory cytokine such as IL-1β via the activation of the ERK pathway, and suggest a mechanism by which a mild head injury may confer increased susceptibility to neurologic injury caused by a subsequent insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hantamalala Ralay Ranaivo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Rossi JL, Ralay Ranaivo H, Patel F, Chrzaszcz M, Venkatesan C, Wainwright MS. Albumin causes increased myosin light chain kinase expression in astrocytes via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. J Neurosci Res 2011; 89:852-61. [PMID: 21360574 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) plays an important role in the reorganization of the cytoskeleton, leading to disruption of vascular barrier integrity in multiple organs, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB), after traumatic brain injury (TBI). MLCK has been linked to transforming growth factor (TGF) and rho kinase signaling pathways, but the mechanisms regulating MLCK expression following TBI are not well understood. Albumin leaks into the brain parenchyma following TBI, activates glia, and has been linked to TGF-β receptor signaling. We investigated the role of albumin in the increase of MLCK in astrocytes and the signaling pathways involved in this increase. After midline closed-skull TBI in mice, there was a significant increase in MLCK-immunoreactive (IR) cells and albumin extravasation, which was prevented by treatment with the MLCK inhibitor ML-7. Using immunohistochemical methods, we identified the MLCK-IR cells as astrocytes. In primary astrocytes, exposure to albumin increased both isoforms of MLCK, 130 and 210. Inhibition of the TGF-β receptor partially prevented the albumin-induced increase in both isoforms, which was not prevented by inhibition of smad3. Inhibition of p38 MAPK, but not ERK, JNK, or rho kinase, also prevented this increase. These results are further evidence of a role of MLCK in the mechanisms of BBB compromise following TBI and identify astrocytes as a cell type, in addition to endothelium in the BBB, that expresses MLCK. These findings implicate albumin, acting through p38 MAPK, in a novel mechanism by which activation of MLCK following TBI may lead to compromise of the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet L Rossi
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Critical Care, Children's Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
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12
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Chen T, Benmohamed R, Arvanites AC, Ranaivo HR, Morimoto RI, Ferrante RJ, Watterson DM, Kirsch DR, Silverman RB. Arylsulfanyl pyrazolones block mutant SOD1-G93A aggregation. Potential application for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:613-22. [PMID: 21095130 PMCID: PMC3014451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an orphan neurodegenerative disease currently without a cure. Mutations in copper/zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of this disease. Using a high-throughput screening assay expressing mutant G93A SOD1, two bioactive chemical hit compounds (1 and 2), identified as arylsulfanyl pyrazolones, were identified. The structural optimization of this scaffold led to the generation of a more potent analogue (19) with an EC(50) of 170nM. To determine the suitability of this class of compounds for further optimization, 1 was subjected to a battery of pharmacokinetic assays; most of the properties of 1 were good for a screening hit, except it had a relatively rapid clearance and short microsomal half-life stability. Compound 2 was found to be blood-brain barrier penetrating with a brain/plasma ratio=0.19. The optimization of this class of compounds could produce novel therapeutic candidates for ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113 USA
| | | | | | - Hantamalala Ralay Ranaivo
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Richard I. Morimoto
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3500 USA
| | - Robert J. Ferrante
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Bedford Veterans Administration Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730, USA and the Department of Neurology, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118 USA
| | - D. Martin Watterson
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | | | - Richard B. Silverman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113 USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113 USA
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13
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Ranaivo HR, Patel F, Wainwright MS. Albumin activates the canonical TGF receptor–smad signaling pathway but this is not required for activation of astrocytes. Exp Neurol 2010; 226:310-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Ralay Ranaivo H, Wainwright MS. Albumin activates astrocytes and microglia through mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Brain Res 2009; 1313:222-31. [PMID: 19961838 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Following acute brain injury, albumin may gain access to the brain parenchyma. Clinical studies indicate a protective role for albumin in stroke but an increase in mortality associated with albumin administration following traumatic brain injury. We investigated the effects of albumin on astrocyte and microglial activation, and the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in these responses. Albumin activated ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways in astrocytes, and induced the production of interleukin (IL)-1beta, inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase, the NO metabolite nitrite, and the chemokine CX3CL1 while reducing the level of S100B. The release of inflammatory markers by astrocytes was partially dependent on p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 pathways, but not JNK. In microglia, albumin exposure activated all three MAPK pathways and produced an increase in IL-1beta and nitrite. Inhibition of p38 MAPK in microglia leads to an increased level of IL1beta, while inhibition of all three MAPKs suppressed the release of nitrite. These results suggest that albumin activates astrocytes and microglia, inducing inflammatory responses involved both in the mechanisms of cellular injury and repair via activation of MAPK pathways, and thereby implicate glial activation in the clinical responses to administration of albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hantamalala Ralay Ranaivo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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15
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Silverman RB, Lawton GR, Ralay Ranaivo H, Chico LK, Seo J, Watterson DM. Effect of potential amine prodrugs of selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitors on blood-brain barrier penetration. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:7593-605. [PMID: 19796958 PMCID: PMC2775413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Several prodrug approaches were taken to mask amino groups in two potent and selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitors containing either a primary or secondary amino group to lower the charge and improve blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. The primary amine was masked as an azide and the secondary amine as an amide or carbamate. The azide was not reduced to the amine under a variety of in vitro and ex vivo conditions. Despite the decrease in charge of the amino group as an amide and as carbamates, BBB penetration did not increase. It appears that the uses of azides as prodrugs for primary amines or amides and carbamates as prodrugs for secondary amines are not universally effective for CNS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Silverman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, United States.
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16
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Lawton GR, Ralay Ranaivo H, Chico LK, Ji H, Xue F, Martásek P, Roman LJ, Watterson DM, Silverman RB. Analogues of 2-aminopyridine-based selective inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase with increased bioavailability. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:2371-80. [PMID: 19268602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Overproduction of nitric oxide by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) has been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases. We have recently designed potent and isoform selective inhibitors of nNOS, but the lead compound contains several basic functional groups. A large number of charges and hydrogen bond donors can impede the ability of molecules to cross the blood brain barrier and thereby limit the effectiveness of potential neurological therapeutics. Replacement of secondary amines in our lead compound with neutral ether and amide groups was made to increase bioavailability and to determine if the potency and selectivity of the inhibitor would be impacted. An ether analogue has been identified that retains a similar potency and selectivity to that of the lead compound, and shows increased ability to penetrate the blood brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham R Lawton
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
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17
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Munoz L, Ranaivo HR, Roy SM, Hu W, Craft JM, McNamara LK, Chico LW, Van Eldik LJ, Watterson DM. A novel p38 alpha MAPK inhibitor suppresses brain proinflammatory cytokine up-regulation and attenuates synaptic dysfunction and behavioral deficits in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. J Neuroinflammation 2007; 4:21. [PMID: 17784957 PMCID: PMC2014744 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-4-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An accumulating body of evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that excessive or prolonged increases in proinflammatory cytokine production by activated glia is a contributor to the progression of pathophysiology that is causally linked to synaptic dysfunction and hippocampal behavior deficits in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). This raises the opportunity for the development of new classes of potentially disease-modifying therapeutics. A logical candidate CNS target is p38α MAPK, a well-established drug discovery molecular target for altering proinflammatory cytokine cascades in peripheral tissue disorders. Activated p38 MAPK is seen in human AD brain tissue and in AD-relevant animal models, and cell culture studies strongly implicate p38 MAPK in the increased production of proinflammatory cytokines by glia activated with human amyloid-beta (Aβ) and other disease-relevant stressors. However, the vast majority of small molecule drugs do not have sufficient penetrance of the blood-brain barrier to allow their use as in vivo research tools or as therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that brain p38α MAPK is a potential in vivo target for orally bioavailable, small molecules capable of suppressing excessive cytokine production by activated glia back towards homeostasis, allowing an improvement in neurologic outcomes. Methods A novel synthetic small molecule based on a molecular scaffold used previously was designed, synthesized, and subjected to analyses to demonstrate its potential in vivo bioavailability, metabolic stability, safety and brain uptake. Testing for in vivo efficacy used an AD-relevant mouse model. Results A novel, CNS-penetrant, non-toxic, orally bioavailable, small molecule inhibitor of p38α MAPK (MW01-2-069A-SRM) was developed. Oral administration of the compound at a low dose (2.5 mg/kg) resulted in attenuation of excessive proinflammatory cytokine production in the hippocampus back towards normal in the animal model. Animals with attenuated cytokine production had reductions in synaptic dysfunction and hippocampus-dependent behavioral deficits. Conclusion The p38α MAPK pathway is quantitatively important in the Aβ-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines in hippocampus, and brain p38α MAPK is a viable molecular target for future development of potential disease-modifying therapeutics in AD and related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Munoz
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Mailcode W896, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy A15, University of Sydney, NSW2006, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hantamalala Ralay Ranaivo
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Mailcode W896, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Saktimayee M Roy
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Mailcode W896, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Mailcode W896, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Science Park, 510663, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jeffrey M Craft
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Mailcode W896, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laurie K McNamara
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Mailcode W896, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Laura Wing Chico
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Mailcode W896, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Mailcode W896, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - D Martin Watterson
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Mailcode W896, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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18
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Watterson D, Ranaivo HR, Behanna H, Roy SM, Wing LK, Hu W, Munoz L, Guo L, McNamara LK, Van Eldik LJ. P‐014: Improving the CNS drug discovery process: Case study with an integrative approach yielding novel potential disease‐modifying therapies. Alzheimers Dement 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2007.04.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wenhui Hu
- Northwestern University ChicagoILUSA
| | | | - Ling Guo
- Northwestern University ChicagoILUSA
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19
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Ralay Ranaivo H, Carusio N, Wangensteen R, Ohlmann P, Loichot C, Tesse A, Chalupsky K, Lobysheva I, Haiech J, Watterson DM, Andriantsitohaina R. Protection against endotoxic shock as a consequence of reduced nitrosative stress in MLCK210-null mice. Am J Pathol 2007; 170:439-46. [PMID: 17255312 PMCID: PMC1851870 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the consequences of deletion of the long isoform of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK210) on the cardiovascular changes induced by the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cecal ligation puncture using MLCK210-/- mice. Here, we provide evidence that deletion of MLCK210 enhanced survival after intraperitoneal injection of LPS or cecal ligation puncture. LPS-induced vascular hyporeactivity to vasoconstrictor agents was completely prevented in aorta from MLCK210-/- mice. This was associated with a decreased up-regulation of nuclear facor-kappaB expression and activity, inducible nitric-oxide synthase, and level of oxidative stress in the vascular media. Furthermore, LPS-induced increase of nitric oxide production in the circulation and tissues (including heart, liver, and lung) that was correlated with an increased expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase was also reduced in MLCK210-/- mice. These data demonstrate a role for MLCK210 in endotoxin shock injury associated with oxidative and nitrosative stresses and vascular hyporeactivity.
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20
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Hu W, Ranaivo HR, Roy SM, Behanna HA, Wing LK, Munoz L, Guo L, Van Eldik LJ, Watterson DM. Development of a novel therapeutic suppressor of brain proinflammatory cytokine up-regulation that attenuates synaptic dysfunction and behavioral deficits. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:414-8. [PMID: 17079143 PMCID: PMC1868432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 10/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the development of a novel, aqueous-soluble, safe, small molecule, experimental therapeutic that suppresses injury-induced, proinflammatory cytokine increases in the brain, with resultant attenuation of synaptic protein biomarker loss and improvement in hippocampus-dependent behavioral deficits. A GMP production scheme for the active pharmaceutical ingredient, compound 17, is presented. The development and large-scale availability of this novel compound allow exploration of new, potentially disease-modifying, therapeutic approaches to CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Hu
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Mail Code W896, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hantamalala Ralay Ranaivo
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Mail Code W896, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Saktimayee M. Roy
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Mail Code W896, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Heather A. Behanna
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Mail Code W896, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Laura K. Wing
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Mail Code W896, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lenka Munoz
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Mail Code W896, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ling Guo
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Mail Code W896, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Linda J. Van Eldik
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Mail Code W896, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - D. Martin Watterson
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Mail Code W896, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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21
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Ranaivo HR, Behanna HA, Wing LK, Munoz L, Guo L, Hu W, Roy SM, Van Eldik L, Watterson DM. A new discovery platform for novel CNS therapeutics with potential to alter disease progression. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.6.a787-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hantamalala Ralay Ranaivo
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical BiologyNorthwestern University303 E Chicago Avenue, Mail code W896ChicagoIL60611
| | - Heather A. Behanna
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical BiologyNorthwestern University303 E Chicago Avenue, Mail code W896ChicagoIL60611
| | - Laura K Wing
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical BiologyNorthwestern University303 E Chicago Avenue, Mail code W896ChicagoIL60611
| | - Lenka Munoz
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical BiologyNorthwestern University303 E Chicago Avenue, Mail code W896ChicagoIL60611
| | - Ling Guo
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical BiologyNorthwestern University303 E Chicago Avenue, Mail code W896ChicagoIL60611
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical BiologyNorthwestern University303 E Chicago Avenue, Mail code W896ChicagoIL60611
| | - Saktimayee M Roy
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical BiologyNorthwestern University303 E Chicago Avenue, Mail code W896ChicagoIL60611
| | - Linda Van Eldik
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical BiologyNorthwestern University303 E Chicago Avenue, Mail code W896ChicagoIL60611
| | - D Martin Watterson
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical BiologyNorthwestern University303 E Chicago Avenue, Mail code W896ChicagoIL60611
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22
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Van Eldik LJ, Thompson WL, Ralay Ranaivo H, Behanna HA, Martin Watterson D. Glia Proinflammatory Cytokine Upregulation as a Therapeutic Target for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Function‐Based and Target‐Based Discovery Approaches. International Review of Neurobiology 2007; 82:277-96. [PMID: 17678967 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(07)82015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is the body's defense mechanism against threats such as bacterial infection, undesirable substances, injury, or illness. The process is complex and involves a variety of specialized cells that mobilize to neutralize and dispose of the injurious material so that the body can heal. In the brain, a similar inflammation process occurs when glia, especially astrocytes and microglia, undergo activation in response to stimuli such as injury, illness, or infection. Like peripheral immune cells, glia in the central nervous system also increase production of inflammatory cytokines and neutralize the threat to the brain. This brain inflammation, or neuroinflammation, is generally beneficial and allows the brain to respond to changes in its environment and dispose of damaged tissue or undesirable substances. Unfortunately, this beneficial process sometimes gets out of balance and the neuroinflammatory process persists, even when the inflammation-provoking stimulus is eliminated. Uncontrolled chronic neuroinflammation is now known to play a key role in the progression of damage in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines offers a pathophysiology progression mechanism that can be targeted in new therapeutic development for multiple neurodegenerative diseases. We summarize in this chapter the evidence supporting proinflammatory cytokine upregulation as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders, with a focus on Alzheimer's disease. In addition, we discuss the drug discovery process and two approaches, function-driven and target-based, that show promise for development of neuroinflammation-targeted, disease-modifying therapeutics for multiple neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Van Eldik
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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23
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Wing LK, Behanna HA, Van Eldik LJ, Watterson DM, Ralay Ranaivo H. De novo and molecular target-independent discovery of orally bioavailable lead compounds for neurological disorders. Curr Alzheimer Res 2006; 3:205-14. [PMID: 16842097 DOI: 10.2174/156720506777632844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is immediate potential to enhance success and innovation in drug development by pairing newly emerging approaches in medicinal chemistry and computational biology with knowledge gained from the recent era of high throughput screens and the early years of modern drug discovery when in vivo efficacy was an early "Go/No Go" project management decision. Focused, in-parallel synthetic chemistry platforms, combined with computational analyses serving as decision aids in planning, minimize the total number of compounds synthesized while maximizing the probability of creating bioavailable compounds that sample diverse chemical space. Incorporating a hierarchal strategy that emphasizes early selection of synthesized compounds based on biological or biophysical endpoints presents fewer and more relevant compounds for secondary evaluation of in vivo efficacy using animal screens with disease relevant or clinically translatable endpoints. We summarize here an interdisciplinary approach at the chemistry-biology interface that is used for the rapid discovery of novel lead compounds for neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The chemistry platform uses established chemistries amenable to in-parallel strategies to create synthetic diversifications of the privileged pyridazine chemotype that sample a restricted chemical space. The hierarchal biology platform uses primary screens for in vitro activity and selectivity with the target cell type, and rapid secondary screens for in vivo efficacy and toxicity in animal models with good phenotypic penetrance for disease relevant pathophysiological endpoints or clinically translatable surrogate endpoints. For the AD case study, novel lead compounds were developed in less than two years by a small academic group, and corporate sponsored clinical trials are planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Wing
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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24
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Behanna HA, Watterson DM, Ralay Ranaivo H. Development of a novel bioavailable inhibitor of the calmodulin-regulated protein kinase MLCK: a lead compound that attenuates vascular leak. Biochim Biophys Acta 2006; 1763:1266-74. [PMID: 16996151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Revised: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 08/09/2006] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tissue barriers involving epithelial and endothelial cell layers are critical to homeostasis, regulating passage of water, macromolecules, cells and certain classes of small molecules via two distinct cellular mechanisms, transcellular or paracellular. Endothelial or epithelial barrier dysfunction is a key component of pathophysiology in diverse diseases and injuries that have a broad impact on survival and quality of life. However, effective and safe small molecule therapeutics for these disorders are lacking. Success in development would therefore fill a major unmet medical need across multiple disease areas. Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), a highly specialized calcium/calmodulin (CaM) regulated protein kinase, modulates barrier function through its regulation of intracellular contractile processes. MLCK levels and activity are increased in various animal models of disease and in human clinical disease samples. Our prior work with a genetic knockout (KO) mouse strain for the long form of MLCK, MLCK210, has identified MLCK as a drug discovery target for endothelial and epithelial barrier dysfunction. We describe here the development of a selective, bioavailable, stable inhibitor of MLCK that attenuates barrier dysfunction in mice comparable to that seen with the MLCK KO mice. The inhibitor compound 6 is stable in human microsomal metabolic stability assays and can be synthesized in a high-yielding and facile synthetic process. These results provide a foundation for and demonstrate the feasibility of future medicinal chemistry refinement studies directed toward the development of novel therapies for disorders involving barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Behanna
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Mail Code W896, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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25
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Ralay Ranaivo H, Craft JM, Hu W, Guo L, Wing LK, Van Eldik LJ, Watterson DM. Glia as a therapeutic target: selective suppression of human amyloid-beta-induced upregulation of brain proinflammatory cytokine production attenuates neurodegeneration. J Neurosci 2006; 26:662-70. [PMID: 16407564 PMCID: PMC6674428 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4652-05.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A corollary of the neuroinflammation hypothesis is that selective suppression of neurotoxic products produced by excessive glial activation will result in neuroprotection. We report here that daily oral administration to mice of the brain-penetrant compound 4,6-diphenyl-3-(4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyridazine (MW01-5-188WH), a selective inhibitor of proinflammatory cytokine production by activated glia, suppressed the human amyloid-beta (Abeta) 1-42-induced upregulation of interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and S100B in the hippocampus. Suppression of neuroinflammation was accompanied by restoration of hippocampal synaptic dysfunction markers synaptophysin and postsynaptic density-95 back toward control levels. Consistent with the neuropathophysiological improvements, MW01-5-188WH therapy attenuated deficits in Y maze behavior, a hippocampal-linked task. Oral MW01-5-188WH therapy begun 3 weeks after initiation of intracerebroventricular infusion of human Abeta decreased the numbers of activated astrocytes and microglia and the cytokine levels in the hippocampus without modifying amyloid plaque burden or altering peripheral tissue cytokine upregulation in response to an in vivo inflammatory challenge. The results provide a novel integrative chemical biology proof in support of the neuroinflammation hypothesis of disease progression, demonstrate that neurodegeneration can be attenuated independently of plaque modulation by targeting innate brain proinflammatory cytokine responses, and indicate the feasibility of developing efficacious, safe, and selective therapies for neurodegenerative disorders by targeting key glial activation pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/administration & dosage
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/antagonists & inhibitors
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/toxicity
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacokinetics
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/toxicity
- Astrocytes/drug effects
- Astrocytes/metabolism
- Biological Availability
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/etiology
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/genetics
- Depression, Chemical
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Hippocampus/drug effects
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Hippocampus/physiology
- Humans
- Infusions, Parenteral
- Interleukin-1/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-1/genetics
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Maze Learning/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microglia/drug effects
- Microglia/metabolism
- Microsomes, Liver/metabolism
- Nerve Degeneration/prevention & control
- Nerve Growth Factors/biosynthesis
- Nerve Growth Factors/genetics
- Neuroprotective Agents/administration & dosage
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use
- Neuroprotective Agents/toxicity
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/antagonists & inhibitors
- Peptide Fragments/toxicity
- Piperazines/administration & dosage
- Piperazines/pharmacokinetics
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Piperazines/toxicity
- Plaque, Amyloid/pathology
- Pyridazines/administration & dosage
- Pyridazines/pharmacokinetics
- Pyridazines/therapeutic use
- Pyridazines/toxicity
- Rats
- S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit
- S100 Proteins/biosynthesis
- S100 Proteins/genetics
- Single-Blind Method
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
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Hu W, Ralay Ranaivo H, Craft JM, Van Eldik LJ, Watterson DM. Validation of the neuroinflammation cycle as a drug discovery target using integrative chemical biology and lead compound development with an Alzheimer's disease-related mouse model. Curr Alzheimer Res 2006; 2:197-205. [PMID: 15974919 DOI: 10.2174/1567205053585828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The neuroinflammation cycle has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target in the development of new approaches to altering Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. However, the efficacy and toxicological profile of compounds that focus only on classical NSAID targets have been disappointing to date. Therefore, we recently initiated an unbiased, integrative chemical biology approach that used a hierarchal set of cell-based screens, followed by efficacy analysis in a new AD-relevant animal model that more closely resembles human pathology endpoints in terms of neuroinflammation and neuronal loss. The prior investigations provided a proof of concept that targeting the neuroinflammation cycle may be a viable drug discovery approach for AD. However, recent informatics analyses of the high attrition rate in drug development have identified the need for starting drug development with lead compounds that are well below cut off values in computed molecular properties in order to facilitate late stage medicinal chemistry refinement to improve in vivo functions. We describe here how we are leveraging our novel, unbiased, integrative chemical biology approach for the rapid discovery of potential lead compounds for AD drug discovery. Specifically, we show that orally bioavailable compounds with the desired physical properties and in vivo functions can be identified in focused synthetic libraries composed of chemical diversifications of the inactive but privileged pyridazine molecular fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Hu
- Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Ohlmann P, Tesse A, Loichot C, Ralay Ranaivo H, Roul G, Philippe C, Watterson DM, Haiech J, Andriantsitohaina R. Deletion of MLCK210 induces subtle changes in vascular reactivity but does not affect cardiac function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005; 289:H2342-9. [PMID: 16055522 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00511.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) plays a key role in the regulation of actomyosin contraction in a large variety of cells. Two isoforms have been described: a short isoform, widely expressed in smooth muscle cells; and a long isoform (MLCK210), mainly localized in the endothelium. This study investigated the consequences on different cardiovascular parameters of MLCK210 gene deletion using MLCK210 knockout mice and of pharmacological inhibition of the kinase using a specific MLCK inhibitor. Deletion of MLCK210 did not affect systolic blood pressure and heart rate or echocardiographic measurements. Electrocardiographic analysis showed neither atrio- nor intraventricular conduction or repolarization defects. Ex vivo responses of aortic rings to vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agonists were not modified in MLCK210 null mice. However, deletion of MLCK210 attenuated shear stress-induced dilation and produced changes in the balance of endothelial-relaxing factors of small mesenteric arteries (SMA). In particular, a reduced flow-mediated NO-dependent dilation was observed. However, it was partially compensated by enhanced indomethacin-sensitive dilation. No significant changes were detected in the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing component of the vasodilator response. The above effects of MLCK210 gene deletion were confirmed in SMA from wild-type mice by the use of the MLCK enzymatic inhibitor MMZ-10-057. In summary, deletion of MLCK210 was not associated with abnormalities of main in vivo cardiovascular parameters in mice. This study demonstrates a role for MLCK210 in the regulation of flow-dependent dilation in SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ohlmann
- UMR CNRS 7034, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
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Van Eldik LJ, Craft JM, Hu W, Ranaivo HR, Watterson DM. [O2‐03‐04]: Development of a new class of orally bioavailable and safe experimental therapeutics that attenuate disease progression in an Alzheimer's disease‐related mouse model. Alzheimers Dement 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2005.06.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda J. Van Eldik
- Northwestern University and Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical BiologyChicagoILUSA
| | - Jeffrey M. Craft
- Northwestern University and Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical BiologyChicagoILUSA
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Northwestern University and Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical BiologyChicagoILUSA
| | | | - D. Martin Watterson
- Northwestern University and Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical BiologyChicagoILUSA
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Ouédraogo S, Ralay Ranaivo H, Ndiaye M, Kaboré ZI, Guissou IP, Bucher B, Andriantsitohaina R. Cardiovascular properties of aqueous extract from Mitragyna inermis (wild). J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 93:345-350. [PMID: 15234775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2002] [Revised: 02/25/2004] [Accepted: 04/02/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous extracts of Mitragyna inermis (AEMI) used traditionally as antihypertensive agents produced a concentration-dependent (0.1-3 mg/ml) ex vivo increase in cardiac contractile response and coronary flow but did not modify heart rate in the rat. Interestingly, AEMI produced relaxation in isolated porcine coronary artery at concentration up to 3 mg/ml that was exclusively dependent on the presence of endothelium. This relaxation involved partial depolarization (KCl 20, 40 mM) and NO synthase inhibitor-sensitive mechanisms but was not sensitive to the blockade of cyclo-oxygenase pathway. In contrast, the relaxant effect of AEMI was not dependent on the presence of endothelium in rat tail artery. Taken together, the present study demonstrates hypotensive, cardiotropic and vasodilatory properties of AEMI that contribute to better understanding of its beneficial effect against cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvin Ouédraogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), 01BP 7192, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso.
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Ranaivo HR, Diebolt M, Andriantsitohaina R. Wine polyphenols induce hypotension, and decrease cardiac reactivity and infarct size in rats: involvement of nitric oxide. Br J Pharmacol 2004; 142:671-8. [PMID: 15159281 PMCID: PMC1575045 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The effects of short-term oral administration of red wine polyphenolic compounds (RWPC, 20 mg x kg(-1) day(-1) for 7 days) on haemodynamics, ex vivo cardiac responsiveness and ischaemia-reperfusion injury were investigated in rats. The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) was evaluated using the NO synthase inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 2 mg x kg(-1) day(-1) for 7 days), at a dose which did not affect blood pressure. 2. Ex vivo reactivity of hearts from RWPC-treated rats showed lower basal developed pressure, greater heart rate and decreased inotropic responses to either beta-adrenoceptor or muscarinic receptor stimulation with isoprenaline or carbachol, respectively.3. RWPC treatment did not modify cardiac expression of endothelial NO synthase or Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. However, it increased nitrite in the coronary effluent. 4. In ischaemia-reperfusion, RWPC treatment reduced infarct size and oxidative stress, as shown by the myocardial content of the end products of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal, without affecting post-ischaemic contractile dysfunction. All the observed effects of RWPC were prevented by l-NAME treatment. 5. Altogether, these data show that short-term treatment with RWPC decreases blood pressure and cardiac responsiveness, and protects against post-ischaemic infarction via decreased oxidative stress. All the above effects of RWPC are sensitive to NO synthase inhibition that implies an involvement of NO-dependent pathway. This study suggests a basis for the beneficial effects of plant-derived polyphenols against cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hantamalala Ralay Ranaivo
- Pharmacologie et Physico-Chimie des Interactions Cellulaires et Moléculaires, Université Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg, UMR CNRS 7034, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Myriam Diebolt
- Pharmacologie et Physico-Chimie des Interactions Cellulaires et Moléculaires, Université Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg, UMR CNRS 7034, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
- Pharmacologie et Physico-Chimie des Interactions Cellulaires et Moléculaires, Université Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg, UMR CNRS 7034, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401 Illkirch, France
- Author for correspondence:
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Ralay Ranaivo H, Rakotoarison O, Tesse A, Schott C, Randriantsoa A, Lobstein A, Andriantsitohaina R. Cedrelopsis grevei induced hypotension and improved endothelial vasodilatation through an increase of Cu/Zn SOD protein expression. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2004; 286:H775-81. [PMID: 14551050 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00584.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the cardiovascular consequences of oral administration of Cedrelopsis grevei (CG) in normotensive rats. Experiments were designed to investigate hemodynamic parameters in vivo as well as the consequences of CG treatment on the vasoconstriction response to norepinephrine and the vasorelaxant response to ACh ex vivo in isolated aortas and small mesenteric arteries (SMA). Treatment of male Wistar rats with 80 mg/kg CG for 4 wk induced a progressive decrease in systolic blood pressure. In the aorta, CG did not significantly alter the response to norepinephrine despite the participation of extraendothelial nitric oxide (NO)-induced hyporeactivity. In the SMA, contraction to norepinephrine was not modified by CG treatment even though it enhanced the participation of endothelial NO. Endothelium-dependent relaxation to ACh was increased in both the aorta and SMA from CG-treated rats. In the aorta from CG-treated rats, the mechanism involved superoxide dismutase (SOD)- and catalase-sensitive free radical production. The latter was associated with enhanced expression of Cu/Zn SOD and endothelial NO synthase. These results suggest that oral administration of CG produces a decrease in blood pressure in normotensive rats. This hemodynamic effect was associated with enhanced endothelium-dependent relaxation and an induction of Cu/Zn SOD and endothelial NO synthase expressions in the vessel wall. They also show subtle mechanisms that compensate for the increased participation of NO to maintain unchanged agonist-induced contractility. These data provide a pharmacological basis for the empirical use of CG against cardiovascular diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylcholine/administration & dosage
- Acetylcholine/pharmacology
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology
- Aorta
- Arterioles/drug effects
- Arterioles/physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Indomethacin/pharmacology
- Male
- Mesenteric Arteries/physiology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/pharmacology
- Norepinephrine/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plants, Medicinal
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Vasodilation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Hantamalala Ralay Ranaivo
- Pharmacologie et Physicochimie des Interactions Cellulaires et Moléculaires, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7034, Illkirch, France
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