1
|
Rungelrath V, Ahmed M, Hicks L, Miller SM, Ryter KT, Montgomery K, Ettenger G, Riffey A, Abdelwahab WM, Khader SA, Evans JT. Vaccination with Mincle agonist UM-1098 and mycobacterial antigens induces protective Th1 and Th17 responses. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:100. [PMID: 38844494 PMCID: PMC11156909 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is one of the top infectious killers in the world. The only licensed vaccine against TB, Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), provides variable protection against pulmonary TB, especially in adults. Hence, novel TB vaccine approaches are urgently needed. Both Th1 and Th17 responses are necessary for protection against TB, yet effective adjuvants and vaccine delivery systems for inducing robust Th1 and Th17 immunity are lacking. Herein we describe a synthetic Mincle agonist, UM-1098, and a silica nanoparticle delivery system that drives Th1/Th17 responses to Mtb antigens. Stimulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) with UM-1098 induced high levels of Th17 polarizing cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, IL-23 as well as IL-12p70, IL-4 and TNF-α in vitro. PBMCs from both C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice responded with a similar cytokine pattern in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, intramuscular (I.M.) vaccination with UM-1098-adjuvanted TB antigen M72 resulted in significantly higher antigen-specific IFN-γ and IL-17A levels in C57BL/6 wt mice than Mincle KO mice. Vaccination of C57BL/6 wt mice with immunodominant Mtb antigens ESAT6/Ag85B or M72 resulted in predominantly Th1 and Th17 responses and induced antigen-specific serum antibodies. Notably, in a virulent Mtb challenge model, vaccination with UM-1098 adjuvanted ESAT6/Ag85B or M72 significantly reduced lung bacterial burden when compared with unvaccinated mice and protection occurred in the absence of pulmonary inflammation. These data demonstrate that the synthetic Mincle agonist UM-1098 induces strong Th1 and Th17 immunity after vaccination with Mtb antigens and provides protection against Mtb infection in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Rungelrath
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, 920 E. 58th St., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Linda Hicks
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Shannon M Miller
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Kendal T Ryter
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Kyle Montgomery
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - George Ettenger
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Alexander Riffey
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Walid M Abdelwahab
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Shabaana Abdul Khader
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, 920 E. 58th St., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jay T Evans
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cao X, Fu YX, Peng H. Promising Cytokine Adjuvants for Enhancing Tuberculosis Vaccine Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:477. [PMID: 38793728 PMCID: PMC11126114 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), remains a formidable global health challenge, affecting a substantial portion of the world's population. The current tuberculosis vaccine, bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), offers limited protection against pulmonary tuberculosis in adults, underscoring the critical need for innovative vaccination strategies. Cytokines are pivotal in modulating immune responses and have been explored as potential adjuvants to enhance vaccine efficacy. The strategic inclusion of cytokines as adjuvants in tuberculosis vaccines holds significant promise for augmenting vaccine-induced immune responses and strengthening protection against M. tuberculosis. This review delves into promising cytokines, such as Type I interferons (IFNs), Type II IFN, interleukins such as IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, IL-12, and IL-21, alongside the use of a granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as an adjuvant, which has shown effectiveness in boosting immune responses and enhancing vaccine efficacy in tuberculosis models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China;
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Bio-Island, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hua Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China;
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Bio-Island, Guangzhou 510005, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ho VWT, Boon LH, Cui J, Juequn Z, Shunmuganathan B, Gupta R, Tan NYJ, Qian X, Purushotorman K, Fong S, Renia L, Ng LFP, Angeli V, Chen J, Kennedy BK, Ong CWM, Macary PA. Relative deficiency in interferon-γ-secreting CD4+ T cells is strongly associated with poorer COVID-19 vaccination responses in older adults. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14099. [PMID: 38317404 PMCID: PMC11019126 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the two-dose mRNA vaccination regime provides protection against SARS-CoV-2, older adults have been shown to exhibit poorer vaccination responses. In addition, the role of vaccine-induced T-cell responses is not well characterised. We aim to assess the impact of age on immune responses after two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, focussing on antigen-specific T-cells. A prospective 3-month study was conducted on 15 young (median age 31 years, interquartile range (IQR) 25-35 years) and 14 older adults (median age 72 years, IQR 70-73 years). We assessed functional, neutralising antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants using ACE-2 inhibition assays, and changes in B and T-cell subsets by high-dimensional flow cytometry. Antigen-specific T-cell responses were also quantified by intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry. Older adults had attenuated T-helper (Th) response to vaccination, which was associated with weaker antibody responses and decreased SARS-CoV-2 neutralisation. Antigen-specific interferon-γ (IFNγ)-secreting CD4+ T-cells to wild-type and Omicron antigens increased in young adults, which was strongly positively correlated with their neutralising antibody responses. Conversely, this relationship was negative in older adults. Hence, older adults' relative IFNγ-secreting CD4+ T cell deficiency might explain their poorer COVID-19 vaccination responses. Further exploration into the aetiology is needed and would be integral in developing novel vaccination strategies and improving infection outcomes in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanda W. T. Ho
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of MedicineNational University HospitalSingaporeSingapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Low Heng Boon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Jianzhou Cui
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- NUS‐Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre (NCIPC), Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Zhou Juequn
- Metabolic Core, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Bhuvaneshwari Shunmuganathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- NUS‐Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre (NCIPC), Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Antibody Engineering Programme, Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Rashi Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- NUS‐Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre (NCIPC), Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Nikki Y. J. Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- NUS‐Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre (NCIPC), Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Xinlei Qian
- Antibody Engineering Programme, Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Kiren Purushotorman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- NUS‐Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre (NCIPC), Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Antibody Engineering Programme, Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Siew‐Wai Fong
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Lisa F. P. Ng
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Veronique Angeli
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Brian K. Kennedy
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Catherine W. M. Ong
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and TechnologyNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineNational University HospitalSingaporeSingapore
| | - Paul A. Macary
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- NUS‐Cambridge Immune Phenotyping Centre (NCIPC), Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Antibody Engineering Programme, Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang L, Yang Z, Wu F, Ge Q, Zhang Y, Li D, Gao M, Liu X. Multiple cytokine analysis based on QuantiFERON-TB gold plus in different tuberculosis infection status: an exploratory study. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:28. [PMID: 38166667 PMCID: PMC10762904 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More efficient and convenient diagnostic method is a desperate need to reduce the burden of tuberculosis (TB). This study explores the multiple cytokines secretion based on QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus), and screens for optimal cytokines with diagnostic potential to differentiate TB infection status. METHODS Twenty active tuberculosis (ATB) patients, fifteen patients with latent TB infection (LTBI), ten patients with previous TB and ten healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. Whole blood samples were collected and stimulated by QFT-Plus TB1 and TB2 antigens. The levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-5, IL-10, IP-10, IL-1Ra, CXCL-1 and MCP-1 in supernatant were measured by Luminex bead-based multiplex assays. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of cytokine for distinguishing different TB infection status. RESULTS After stimulation with QFT-Plus TB1 and TB2 antigens, the levels of all cytokines, except IL-5 in TB2 tube, in ATB group were significantly higher than that in HC group. The levels of IL-1Ra concurrently showed the equally highest AUC for distinguishing TB infection from HC, followed by the levels of IP-10 in both TB1 tube and TB2 tube. Moreover, IP-10 levels displayed the largest AUC for distinguishing ATB patients from non-ATB patients. Meanwhile, the levels of IP-10 also demonstrated the largest AUC in both TB1 tube and TB2 tube for distinguishing ATB patients from LTBI. CONCLUSIONS In addition to conventional detection of IFN-γ, measuring IP-10 and IL-1Ra based on QFT-Plus may have the more tremendous potential to discriminate different TB infection status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifan Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Peking Union Medical College, International Clinical Epidemiology Network, Beijing, China
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengrong Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengying Wu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiping Ge
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yueqiu Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyu Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- 4+4 Medical Doctor Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengqiu Gao
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Peking Union Medical College, International Clinical Epidemiology Network, Beijing, China.
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumar R, Gandham S, Rana A, Maity HK, Sarkar U, Dey B. Divergent proinflammatory immune responses associated with the differential susceptibility of cattle breeds to tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1199092. [PMID: 37795082 PMCID: PMC10546398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) in the bovine is one of the most predominant chronic debilitating infectious diseases primarily caused by Mycobacterium bovis. Besides, the incidence of TB in humans due to M. bovis, and that in bovines (bovine TB, bTB) due to M. tuberculosis- indicates cattle as a major reservoir of zoonotic TB. While India accounts for the highest global burden of both TB and multidrug-resistant TB in humans, systematic evaluation of bTB prevalence in India is largely lacking. Recent reports emphasized markedly greater bTB prevalence in exotic and crossbred cattle compared to indigenous cattle breeds that represent more than one-third of the total cattle population in India, which is the largest globally. This study aimed at elucidating the immune responses underlying the differential bTB incidence in prominent indigenous (Sahiwal), and crossbred (Sahiwal x Holstein Friesian) cattle reared in India. Employing the standard Single Intradermal Tuberculin Test (SITT), and mycobacterial gene-targeting single as well as multiplex-PCR-based screening revealed higher incidences of bovine tuberculin reactors as well as Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex specific PCR positivity amongst the crossbred cattle. Further, ex vivo mycobacterial infection in cultures of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from SITT, and myco-PCR negative healthy cattle exhibited significantly higher intracellular growth of M. bovis BCG, and M. tuberculosis H37Ra in the crossbred cattle PBMCs compared to native cattle. In addition, native cattle PBMCs induced higher pro-inflammatory cytokines and signaling pathways, such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-17 (IL-17), tank binding kinase-1 (TBK-1), and nitric oxide (NO) upon exposure to live mycobacterial infection in comparison to PBMCs from crossbred cattle that exhibited higher expression of IL-1β transcripts. Together, these findings highlight that differences in the innate immune responses of these cattle breeds might be contributing to the differential susceptibility to bTB infection, and the resultant disparity in bTB incidence amongst indigenous, and crossbred cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Kumar
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sripratyusha Gandham
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Avi Rana
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Hemanta Kumar Maity
- Department of Avian Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Uttam Sarkar
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bappaditya Dey
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pahuja I, Negi K, Kumari A, Agarwal M, Mukhopadhyay S, Mathew B, Chaturvedi S, Maras JS, Bhaskar A, Dwivedi VP. Berberine governs NOTCH3/AKT signaling to enrich lung-resident memory T cells during tuberculosis. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011165. [PMID: 36881595 PMCID: PMC9990925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of naïve T cells during primary infection or vaccination drives the differentiation and expansion of effector and memory T cells that mediate immediate and long-term protection. Despite self-reliant rescue from infection, BCG vaccination, and treatment, long-term memory is rarely established against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) resulting in recurrent tuberculosis (TB). Here, we show that berberine (BBR) enhances innate defense mechanisms against M.tb and stimulates the differentiation of Th1/Th17 specific effector memory (TEM), central memory (TCM), and tissue-resident memory (TRM) responses leading to enhanced host protection against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant TB. Through whole proteome analysis of human PBMCs derived from PPD+ healthy individuals, we identify BBR modulated NOTCH3/PTEN/AKT/FOXO1 pathway as the central mechanism of elevated TEM and TRM responses in the human CD4+ T cells. Moreover, BBR-induced glycolysis resulted in enhanced effector functions leading to superior Th1/Th17 responses in human and murine T cells. This regulation of T cell memory by BBR remarkably enhanced the BCG-induced anti-tubercular immunity and lowered the rate of TB recurrence due to relapse and re-infection. These results thus suggest tuning immunological memory as a feasible approach to augment host resistance against TB and unveil BBR as a potential adjunct immunotherapeutic and immunoprophylactic against TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isha Pahuja
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Kriti Negi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjna Kumari
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Meetu Agarwal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Suparba Mukhopadhyay
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Babu Mathew
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Chaturvedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Jaswinder Singh Maras
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashima Bhaskar
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail: (AB); (VPD)
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail: (AB); (VPD)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Akter S, Chauhan KS, Dunlap MD, Choreño-Parra JA, Lu L, Esaulova E, Zúñiga J, Artyomov MN, Kaushal D, Khader SA. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection drives a type I IFN signature in lung lymphocytes. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110983. [PMID: 35732116 PMCID: PMC9616001 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infects 25% of the world's population and causes tuberculosis (TB), which is a leading cause of death globally. A clear understanding of the dynamics of immune response at the cellular level is crucial to design better strategies to control TB. We use the single-cell RNA sequencing approach on lung lymphocytes derived from healthy and Mtb-infected mice. Our results show the enrichment of the type I IFN signature among the lymphoid cell clusters, as well as heat shock responses in natural killer (NK) cells from Mtb-infected mice lungs. We identify Ly6A as a lymphoid cell activation marker and validate its upregulation in activated lymphoid cells following infection. The cross-analysis of the type I IFN signature in human TB-infected peripheral blood samples further validates our results. These findings contribute toward understanding and characterizing the transcriptional parameters at a single-cell depth in a highly relevant and reproducible mouse model of TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Akter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Kuldeep S. Chauhan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Micah D. Dunlap
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - José Alberto Choreño-Parra
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas,” Mexico City 14080, Mexico,Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico
| | - Lan Lu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ekaterina Esaulova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joaquin Zúñiga
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas,” Mexico City 14080, Mexico,Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico
| | - Maxim N. Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
| | - Shabaana A. Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence: (D.K.), (S.A.K.) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110983
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Du Bruyn E, Ruzive S, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Sette A, Sher A, Barber DL, Wilkinson RJ, Riou C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4 T cells expressing CD153 inversely associate with bacterial load and disease severity in human tuberculosis. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:491-499. [PMID: 32678272 PMCID: PMC7855386 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent data from mice and non-human primate models of tuberculosis suggested that CD153, a TNF super family member, plays an important role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) control. However, this molecule has not been comprehensively evaluated in humans. Here, we show that the proportion of Mtb-specific CD4 T cells expressing CD153 was significantly reduced in active TB patients compared to latently infected persons. Importantly, the CD153+ Mtb-specific CD4 response inversely correlated with lung bacterial load, inferred by Xpert cycle threshold, irrespective of HIV status. Antitubercular treatment partially restored CD153 expression on Mtb-specific CD4 T cells. This is the first report of a subset of Mtb-specific CD4 T cells showing strong negative correlation with bacterial burden. Building on substantial evidence from animal models implicating CD153 as a mediator of host protection, our findings suggest it may play a similar role in humans and its measurement may be useful to evaluate TB vaccine efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Du Bruyn
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925 South Africa
| | - Sheena Ruzive
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925 South Africa
| | | | - Alessandro Sette
- grid.185006.a0000 0004 0461 3162Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Alan Sher
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Daniel L. Barber
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Robert J. Wilkinson
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925 South Africa ,grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG UK ,grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925 South Africa ,grid.451388.30000 0004 1795 1830The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT UK
| | - Catherine Riou
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925 South Africa ,grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wong K, Nguyen J, Blair L, Banjanin M, Grewal B, Bowman S, Boyd H, Gerstner G, Cho HJ, Panfilov D, Tam CK, Aguilar D, Venketaraman V. Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus- Mycobacterium tuberculosis Co-Infection. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3575. [PMID: 33172001 PMCID: PMC7694603 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given that infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the leading cause of death amongst individuals living with HIV, understanding the complex mechanisms by which Mtb exacerbates HIV infection may lead to improved treatment options or adjuvant therapies. While it is well-understood how HIV compromises the immune system and leaves the host vulnerable to opportunistic infections such as Mtb, less is known about the interplay of disease once active Mtb is established. This review explores how glutathione (GSH) depletion, T cell exhaustion, granuloma formation, and TNF-α upregulation, as a result of Mtb infection, leads to an increase in HIV disease severity. This review also examines the difficulties of treating coinfected patients and suggests further research on the clinical use of GSH supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Wong
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-NorthWest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA; (K.W.); (J.N.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (S.B.); (H.B.); (G.G.); (H.J.C.); (D.P.); (C.K.T.); (D.A.)
| | - James Nguyen
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-NorthWest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA; (K.W.); (J.N.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (S.B.); (H.B.); (G.G.); (H.J.C.); (D.P.); (C.K.T.); (D.A.)
| | - Lillie Blair
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-NorthWest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA; (K.W.); (J.N.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (S.B.); (H.B.); (G.G.); (H.J.C.); (D.P.); (C.K.T.); (D.A.)
| | - Marina Banjanin
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-NorthWest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA; (K.W.); (J.N.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (S.B.); (H.B.); (G.G.); (H.J.C.); (D.P.); (C.K.T.); (D.A.)
| | - Bunraj Grewal
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-NorthWest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA; (K.W.); (J.N.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (S.B.); (H.B.); (G.G.); (H.J.C.); (D.P.); (C.K.T.); (D.A.)
| | - Shane Bowman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-NorthWest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA; (K.W.); (J.N.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (S.B.); (H.B.); (G.G.); (H.J.C.); (D.P.); (C.K.T.); (D.A.)
| | - Hailey Boyd
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-NorthWest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA; (K.W.); (J.N.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (S.B.); (H.B.); (G.G.); (H.J.C.); (D.P.); (C.K.T.); (D.A.)
| | - Grant Gerstner
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-NorthWest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA; (K.W.); (J.N.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (S.B.); (H.B.); (G.G.); (H.J.C.); (D.P.); (C.K.T.); (D.A.)
| | - Hyun Jun Cho
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-NorthWest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA; (K.W.); (J.N.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (S.B.); (H.B.); (G.G.); (H.J.C.); (D.P.); (C.K.T.); (D.A.)
| | - David Panfilov
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-NorthWest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA; (K.W.); (J.N.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (S.B.); (H.B.); (G.G.); (H.J.C.); (D.P.); (C.K.T.); (D.A.)
| | - Cho Ki Tam
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-NorthWest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA; (K.W.); (J.N.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (S.B.); (H.B.); (G.G.); (H.J.C.); (D.P.); (C.K.T.); (D.A.)
| | - Delaney Aguilar
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-NorthWest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA; (K.W.); (J.N.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (S.B.); (H.B.); (G.G.); (H.J.C.); (D.P.); (C.K.T.); (D.A.)
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-NorthWest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA; (K.W.); (J.N.); (L.B.); (M.B.); (B.G.); (S.B.); (H.B.); (G.G.); (H.J.C.); (D.P.); (C.K.T.); (D.A.)
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wei Z, Li Y, Wei C, Li Y, Xu H, Wu Y, Jia Y, Guo R, Jia J, Qi X, Li Z, Gao X. The meta-analysis for ideal cytokines to distinguish the latent and active TB infection. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:248. [PMID: 32948170 PMCID: PMC7502022 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One forth whole-world population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), but 90% of them are asymptotic latent infection without any symptoms but positive result in IFN-γ release assay. There is lack of ideal strategy to distinguish active tuberculosis (TB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Some scientist had focused on a set of cytokines as biomarkers besides interferon- gamma (IFN-γ) to distinguish active TB and LTBI, but with considerable variance of results. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the overall discriminative ability of potential immune molecules to distinguish active TB and LTBI. Methods PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify studies assessing diagnostic roles of cytokines for distinguishing active TB and LTBI published up to August 2018. The quality of enrolled studies was assessed using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2). The pooled diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of each cytokine was calculated by using Meta-DiSc software. Area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to summarize the overall diagnostic performance of each biomarker. Results Fourteen studies with 982 subjects met the inclusion criteria, including 526 active TB and 456 LTBI patients. Pooled sensitivity, specificity and AUC for discriminating between active TB and LTBI were analyzed for IL-2 (0.87, 0.61 and 0.9093), IP-10 (0.77, 0.73 and 0.8609), IL-5 (0.64, 0.75 and 0.8533), IL-13 (0.75, 0.71 and 0.8491), IFN-γ (0.67, 0.75 and 0.8031), IL-10 (0.68, 0.74 and 0.7957) and TNF-α (0.67, 0.64 and 0.7783). The heterogeneous subgroup analysis showed that cytokine detection assays, TB incidence, and stimulator with Mtb antigens are main influence factors for their diagnostic performance. Conclusions The meta-analysis showed cytokine production could assist the distinction between active TB and LTBI, IL-2 with the highest overall accuracy. No single biomarker is likely to show sufficiently diagnostic performance due to limited sensitivity and specificity. Further prospective studies are needed to identify the optimal combination of biomarkers to enhanced diagnostic capacity in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhong Wei
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 204 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuanting Li
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 204 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chaojun Wei
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 204 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 204 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hui Xu
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 204 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yu Wu
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 204 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yanjuan Jia
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 204 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Rui Guo
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 204 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jing Jia
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 204 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaoming Qi
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 204 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhenhao Li
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 204 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 204 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cai Y, Dai Y, Wang Y, Yang Q, Guo J, Wei C, Chen W, Huang H, Zhu J, Zhang C, Zheng W, Wen Z, Liu H, Zhang M, Xing S, Jin Q, Feng CG, Chen X. Single-cell transcriptomics of blood reveals a natural killer cell subset depletion in tuberculosis. EBioMedicine 2020; 53:102686. [PMID: 32114394 PMCID: PMC7047188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a critical global health problem, which killed millions of lives each year. Certain circulating cell subsets are thought to differentially modulate the host immune response towards Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, but the nature and function of these subsets is unclear. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from healthy controls (HC), latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active tuberculosis (TB) and then subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) using 10 × Genomics platform. Unsupervised clustering of the cells based on the gene expression profiles using the Seurat package and passed to tSNE for clustering visualization. Flow cytometry was used to validate the subsets identified by scRNA-Seq. Findings Cluster analysis based on differential gene expression revealed both known and novel markers for all main PBMC cell types and delineated 29 cell subsets. By comparing the scRNA-seq datasets from HC, LTBI and TB, we found that infection changes the frequency of immune-cell subsets in TB. Specifically, we observed gradual depletion of a natural killer (NK) cell subset (CD3-CD7+GZMB+) from HC, to LTBI and TB. We further verified that the depletion of CD3-CD7+GZMB+ subset in TB and found an increase in this subset frequency after anti-TB treatment. Finally, we confirmed that changes in this subset frequency can distinguish patients with TB from LTBI and HC. Interpretation We propose that the frequency of CD3-CD7+GZMB+ in peripheral blood could be used as a novel biomarker for distinguishing TB from LTBI and HC. Fund The study was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (81770013, 81525016, 81772145, 81871255 and 91942315), National Science and Technology Major Project (2017ZX10201301), Science and Technology Project of Shenzhen (JCYJ20170412101048337) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases (2019B030301009). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Youchao Dai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China; Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yejun Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Qianqing Yang
- Guangdong Key Lab for Diagnosis &Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jiubiao Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Cailing Wei
- Guangdong Key Lab for Diagnosis &Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Weixin Chen
- Guangdong Key Lab for Diagnosis &Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Huanping Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jialou Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Weidong Zheng
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Zhihua Wen
- Yuebei Second People's Hospital, Shaoguan 512000, China
| | - Haiying Liu
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Centre for Tuberculosis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Mingxia Zhang
- Guangdong Key Lab for Diagnosis &Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Shaojun Xing
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Qi Jin
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Centre for Tuberculosis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Carl G Feng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xinchun Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kuczkowska K, Copland A, Øverland L, Mathiesen G, Tran AC, Paul MJ, Eijsink VGH, Reljic R. Inactivated Lactobacillus plantarum Carrying a Surface-Displayed Ag85B-ESAT-6 Fusion Antigen as a Booster Vaccine Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1588. [PMID: 31354727 PMCID: PMC6632704 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is considered the most effective strategy for controlling tuberculosis (TB). The existing vaccine, the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), although partially protective, has a number of limitations. Therefore, there is a need for developing new TB vaccines and several strategies are currently exploited including the use of viral and bacterial delivery vectors. We have previously shown that Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) producing Ag85B and ESAT-6 antigens fused to a dendritic cell-targeting peptide (referred to as Lp_DC) induced specific immune responses in mice. Here, we analyzed the ability of two Lp-based vaccines, Lp_DC and Lp_HBD (in which the DC-binding peptide was replaced by an HBD-domain directing the antigen to non-phagocytic cells) to activate antigen-presenting cells, induce specific immunity and protect mice from Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. We tested two strategies: (i) Lp as BCG boosting vaccine (a heterologous regimen comprising parenteral BCG immunization followed by intranasal Lp boost), and (ii) Lp as primary vaccine (a homologous regimen including subcutaneous priming followed by intranasal boost). The results showed that both Lp constructs applied as a BCG boost induced specific cellular immunity, manifested in T cell proliferation, antigen-specific IFN-γ responses and multifunctional T cells phenotypes. More importantly, intranasal boost with Lp_DC or Lp_HBD enhanced protection offered by BCG, as shown by reduced M. tuberculosis counts in lungs. These findings suggest that Lp constructs could be developed as a potential mucosal vaccine platform against mycobacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kuczkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Alastair Copland
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom.,College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lise Øverland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Geir Mathiesen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Andy C Tran
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew J Paul
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent G H Eijsink
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Rajko Reljic
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Palmer MV, Wiarda J, Kanipe C, Thacker TC. Early Pulmonary Lesions in Cattle Infected via Aerosolized Mycobacterium bovis. Vet Pathol 2019; 56:544-554. [PMID: 30895908 DOI: 10.1177/0300985819833454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis is a serious zoonotic pathogen and the cause of tuberculosis in many mammalian species, most notably, cattle. The hallmark lesion of tuberculosis is the granuloma. It is within the developing granuloma where host and pathogen interact; therefore, it is critical to understand host-pathogen interactions at the granuloma level. Cytokines and chemokines drive cell recruitment, activity, and function and ultimately determine the success or failure of the host to control infection. In calves, early lesions (ie, 15 and 30 days) after experimental aerosol infection were examined microscopically using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to demonstrate early infiltrates of CD68+ macrophages within alveoli and alveolar interstitium, as well as the presence of CD4, CD8, and γδ T cells. Unlike lesions at 15 days, lesions at 30 days after infection contained small foci of necrosis among infiltrates of macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and multinucleated giant cells and extracellular acid-fast bacilli within necrotic areas. At both time points, there was abundant expression of the chemokines CXCL9, MCP-1/CCL2, and the cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. The proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, as well as the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, were expressed at moderate levels at both time points, while expression of IFN-γ was limited. These findings document the early pulmonary lesions after M. bovis infection in calves and are in general agreement with the proposed pathogenesis of tuberculosis described in laboratory animal and nonhuman primate models of tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell V Palmer
- 1 Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jayne Wiarda
- 1 Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA.,2 Immunobiology Graduate Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Carly Kanipe
- 1 Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA.,2 Immunobiology Graduate Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hadizadeh Tasbiti A, Yari S, Siadat SD, Tabarsi P, Saeedfar K, Yari F. Cellular immune response in MDR-TB patients to different protein expression of MDR and susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Rv0147, a novel MDR-TB biomarker. Immunol Res 2019; 66:59-66. [PMID: 29178041 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-017-8971-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a crucial public health problem with prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) rising. An accurate TB biomarker is urgently needed to monitor the response to treatment in patients with MDR tuberculosis. To analyze interaction between selected MDR-TB purified protein and immune cells, dendritic cells from MDR-TB patients and healthy subjects were stimulated by 55KDa protein fractions (Rv0147). The purified proteins identified by proteomic techniques (two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry) and peptide sequences are known to bind a MHC class I alleles which are extracted from the Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource database ( www.iedb.org ). T cells were isolated from PBMC by negative selection and cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 at 37 °C and 5% CO2. Cell culture was assayed for cytokine IL-10 and INF-γ by ELISA. We found that INF-γ production was significantly (335 ± 35.5 pg/ml, P ˂ 0.05) upregulated after protein candidate (Rv0147) stimulation by dendritic cells from MDR-TB patients, whereas IL-10 production was greatly reduced compared with production in healthy subjects (212 ± 9.94 pg/ml, P ˂ 0.05). In fact, the purified protein, Rv0147, stimulated dendritic cells from MDR-TB patients, failed to produce IL-10 and directly stimulates INF-γ production by T cells. These results suggest that the purified protein, Rv0147, may stimulate Th1 type protective cytokine response in MDR-TB patients but not in normal subjects. The production of INF-γ but not IL-10 in the presence of purified protein, Rv0147, may be shifted to Th1 responses in MDR-TB patients and supports its potential as protein vaccine candidates against TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Hadizadeh Tasbiti
- Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Research Department, TB Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shamsi Yari
- Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Research Department, TB Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Research Department, TB Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Tabarsi
- Clinical TB and Epidemiology Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kayvan Saeedfar
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yari
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Quantitative interferon-gamma responses predict future disease progression in badgers naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis. Epidemiol Infect 2017; 145:3204-3213. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268817001960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe diagnosis and control of Mycobacterium bovis infection (bovine tuberculosis: TB) continues to present huge challenges to the British cattle industry. A clearer understanding of the magnitude and duration of immune response to M. bovis infection in the European badger (Meles meles) – a wildlife maintenance host – may assist with the future development of diagnostic tests, and vaccination and disease management strategies. Here, we analyse 5280 diagnostic test results from 550 live wild badgers from a naturally-infected population to investigate whether one diagnostic test (a gamma interferon release [IFNγ] assay, n = 550 tests) could be used to predict future positive results on two other tests for the same disease (a serological test [n = 2342 tests] and mycobacterial culture [n = 2388 tests]) and hence act as an indicator of likely bacterial excretion or disease progression. Badgers with the highest IFNγ optical density (OD) values were most likely to subsequently test positive on both serological and culture tests, and this effect was detectable for up to 24 months after the IFNγ test. Furthermore, the higher the original IFNγ OD value, the greater the chance that a badger would subsequently test positive using serology. Relationships between IFNγ titres and mycobacterial culture results from different types of clinical sample suggest that the route of infection may affect the magnitude of immune response in badgers. These findings identify further value in the IFNγ test as a useful research tool, as it may help us to target studies at animals and groups that are most likely to succumb to more progressive disease.
Collapse
|
16
|
Feruglio SL, Kvale D, Dyrhol-Riise AM. T Cell Responses and Regulation and the Impact of In Vitro IL-10 and TGF-β Modulation During Treatment of Active Tuberculosis. Scand J Immunol 2017; 85:138-146. [PMID: 27862137 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is particularly challenging for the immune system being an intracellular pathogen, and a variety of T cell subpopulations are activated by the host defence mechanism. In this study, we investigated T cell responses and regulation in active TB patients with drug-sensitive Mtb (N = 18) during 24 weeks of efficient anti-TB therapy. T cell activation, differentiation, regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets, Mtb-induced T cell proliferation and in vitro IL-10 and TGF-β modulation were analysed by flow cytometry at baseline and after 8 and 24 weeks of therapy, while soluble cytokines in culture supernatants were analysed by a 9-plex Luminex assay. Successful treatment resulted in significantly reduced co-expression of HLA-DR/CD38 and PD-1/CD38 on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, while the fraction of CD4+ CD25high CD127low Tregs (P = 0.017) and CD4+ CD25high CD127low CD147+ Tregs (P = 0.029) showed significant transient increase at week 8. In vitro blockade of IL-10/TGF-β upon Mtb antigen stimulation significantly lowered the fraction of ESAT-6-specific CD4+ CD25high CD127low Tregs at baseline (P = 0.047), while T cell proliferation and cytokine production were unaffected. Phenotypical and Mtb-specific T cell signatures may serve as markers of effective therapy, while the IL-10/TGF-β pathway could be a target for early inhibition to facilitate Mtb clearance. However, larger clinical studies are needed for verification before concluding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Feruglio
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - D Kvale
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A M Dyrhol-Riise
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hart BE, Lee S. Overexpression of a Mycobacterium ulcerans Ag85B-EsxH Fusion Protein in Recombinant BCG Improves Experimental Buruli Ulcer Vaccine Efficacy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005229. [PMID: 27941982 PMCID: PMC5179062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Buruli ulcer (BU) vaccine design faces similar challenges to those observed during development of prophylactic tuberculosis treatments. Multiple BU vaccine candidates, based upon Mycobacterium bovis BCG, altered Mycobacterium ulcerans (MU) cells, recombinant MU DNA, or MU protein prime-boosts, have shown promise by conferring transient protection to mice against the pathology of MU challenge. Recently, we have shown that a recombinant BCG vaccine expressing MU-Ag85A (BCG MU-Ag85A) displayed the highest level of protection to date, by significantly extending the survival time of MU challenged mice compared to BCG vaccination alone. Here we describe the generation, immunogenicity testing, and evaluation of protection conferred by a recombinant BCG strain which overexpresses a fusion of two alternative MU antigens, Ag85B and the MU ortholog of tuberculosis TB10.4, EsxH. Vaccination with BCG MU-Ag85B-EsxH induces proliferation of Ag85 specific CD4+ T cells in greater numbers than BCG or BCG MU-Ag85A and produces IFNγ+ splenocytes responsive to whole MU and recombinant antigens. In addition, anti-Ag85A and Ag85B IgG humoral responses are significantly enhanced after administration of the fusion vaccine compared to BCG or BCG MU-Ag85A. Finally, mice challenged with MU following a single subcutaneous vaccination with BCG MU-Ag85B-EsxH display significantly less bacterial burden at 6 and 12 weeks post-infection, reduced histopathological tissue damage, and significantly longer survival times compared to vaccination with either BCG or BCG MU-Ag85A. These results further support the potential of BCG as a foundation for BU vaccine design, whereby discovery and recombinant expression of novel immunogenic antigens could lead to greater anti-MU efficacy using this highly safe and ubiquitous vaccine. Mycobacterium ulcerans (MU) infection causes a highly disfiguring, necrotic skin disease known as Buruli ulcer (BU). Antibiotic treatments have low efficacy if the infection is diagnosed after ulceration begins, leading to frequent dependence on surgical removal of infected tissues. A prophylactic vaccine for BU does not exist and several attempts to create an effective vaccine have shown limited success. We recently demonstrated that a recombinant strain of M. bovis BCG expressing the immunodominant MU-Ag85A conferred significantly enhanced protection against experimental BU compared to the standard BCG vaccine. Here we show that BCG expression of a fusion between two alternative MU antigens, Ag85B and EsxH, can promote antigen-specific T cell and humoral immune response capable of significantly improving survival and protection against BU pathology, compared to BCG MU-Ag85A alone. These results support the potential for using the highly safe and ubiquitous BCG vaccine as a platform for further BU vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan E. Hart
- Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sunhee Lee
- Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Altered interferon-γ response in patients with Q-fever fatigue syndrome. J Infect 2016; 72:478-85. [PMID: 26820634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Whether immunological mechanisms underlie Q-fever fatigue syndrome (QFS) remains unclear. For acute Q-fever, the antigen-specific interferon-γ (IFNγ) response may be a useful tool for diagnosis, and the IFNγ/interleukin(IL)-2 production ratio may be a marker for chronic Q-fever and treatment monitoring. Here we explored the specific IFNγ production and IFNγ/IL-2 ratio in QFS patients. METHODS IFNγ and IL-2 production were tested in ex-vivo stimulated whole blood of QFS patients (n = 20), and compared to those previously determined in seropositive controls (n = 135), and chronic Q-fever patients (n = 28). Also, the correlation between patient characteristics and IFNγ, IL-2, and IFNγ/IL-2 ratio was determined. RESULTS QFS patients were younger (p < 0.001), but gender distribution was similar to seropositive controls and chronic Q-fever patients. Coxiella burnetii Nine Mile stimulation revealed a higher IFNγ production in QFS (median 319.5 pg/ml) than in seropositive controls (120 pg/ml, p < 0.01), but comparable to chronic Q-fever (2846 pg/ml). The IFNγ/IL-2 ratio was similar to that in seropositive controls, but lower than in chronic Q-fever patients (p < 0.01). Symptom duration was positively correlated with IL-2 production, and negatively correlated with the IFNγ/IL-2 ratio. CONCLUSIONS These results point to an altered cell-mediated immunity in QFS, and suggest a different immune response than in chronic Q-fever.
Collapse
|
19
|
Pollock KM, Montamat-Sicotte DJ, Grass L, Cooke GS, Kapembwa MS, Kon OM, Sampson RD, Taylor GP, Lalvani A. PD-1 Expression and Cytokine Secretion Profiles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific CD4+ T-Cell Subsets; Potential Correlates of Containment in HIV-TB Co-Infection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146905. [PMID: 26756579 PMCID: PMC4710462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV co-infection is an important risk factor for tuberculosis (TB) providing a powerful model in which to dissect out defective, protective and dysfunctional Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific immune responses. To identify the changes induced by HIV co-infection we compared MTB-specific CD4+ responses in subjects with active TB and latent TB infection (LTBI), with and without HIV co-infection. CD4+ T-cell subsets producing interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and expressing CD279 (PD-1) were measured using polychromatic flow-cytometry. HIV-TB co-infection was consistently and independently associated with a reduced frequency of CD4+ IFN-γ and IL-2-dual secreting T-cells and the proportion correlated inversely with HIV viral load (VL). The impact of HIV co-infection on this key MTB-specific T-cell subset identifies them as a potential correlate of mycobacterial immune containment. The percentage of MTB-specific IFN-γ-secreting T-cell subsets that expressed PD-1 was increased in active TB with HIV co-infection and correlated with VL. This identifies a novel correlate of dysregulated immunity to MTB, which may in part explain the paucity of inflammatory response in the face of mycobacterial dissemination that characterizes active TB with HIV co-infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M. Pollock
- Tuberculosis Research Centre, Respiratory Infections Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Damien J. Montamat-Sicotte
- Tuberculosis Research Centre, Respiratory Infections Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Grass
- Tuberculosis Research Centre, Respiratory Infections Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham S. Cooke
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Moses S. Kapembwa
- Department of GU and HIV Medicine, The North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Onn M. Kon
- Tuberculosis Service, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert D. Sampson
- Centre for Respiratory Infection, Flow Cytometry Facility, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham P. Taylor
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ajit Lalvani
- Tuberculosis Research Centre, Respiratory Infections Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pollock KM, Montamat-Sicotte DJ, Cooke GS, Kapembwa MS, Kon OM, Grass L, Sampson RD, Taylor GP, Lalvani A. Differences in antigen-specific CD4+ responses to opportunistic infections in HIV infection. Immun Inflamm Dis 2015; 3:141-53. [PMID: 26417433 PMCID: PMC4578516 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-infected individuals with severe immunodeficiency are at risk of opportunistic infection (OI). Tuberculosis (TB) may occur without substantial immune suppression suggesting an early and sustained adverse impact of HIV on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific cell mediated immunity (CMI). This prospective observational cohort study aimed to observe differences in OI-specific and MTB-specific CMI that might underlie this. Using polychromatic flow cytometry, we compared CD4+ responses to MTB, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Candida albicans in individuals with and without HIV infection. MTB-specific CD4+ T-cells were more polyfunctional than virus specific (CMV/EBV) CD4+ T-cells which predominantly secreted IFN-gamma (IFN-γ) only. There was a reduced frequency of IFN-γ and IL-2 (IL-2)-dual-MTB-specific cells in HIV-infected individuals, which was not apparent for the other pathogens. MTB-specific cells were less differentiated especially compared with CMV-specific cells. CD127 expression was relatively less frequent on MTB-specific cells in HIV co-infection. MTB-specific CD4+ T-cells PD-1 expression was infrequent in contrast to EBV-specific CD4+ T-cells. The variation in the inherent quality of these CD4+ T-cell responses and impact of HIV co-infection may contribute to the timing of co-infectious diseases in HIV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M Pollock
- Tuberculosis Research Centre Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Damien J Montamat-Sicotte
- Tuberculosis Research Centre Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Graham S Cooke
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Moses S Kapembwa
- Department of GU and HIV Medicine, The North West London Hospitals NHS TrustLondon, UK
| | - Onn M Kon
- Tuberculosis Service, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondon, UK
| | - Lisa Grass
- Tuberculosis Research Centre Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Robert D Sampson
- Centre for Respiratory Infection, Flow Cytometry Facility, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Graham P Taylor
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Ajit Lalvani
- Tuberculosis Research Centre Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The within host dynamics of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle: where time and place matter. Vet Res 2015; 46:61. [PMID: 26092382 PMCID: PMC4473847 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Johne’s disease or paratuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), occurs in domestic and wild animals worldwide, causing a significant economic loss to livestock industries. After a prolonged incubation time, infected cattle shed MAP bacilli into feces and spread the disease to an uninfected animal population. It is largely unknown how (or whether) the interplay between the pathogen and the host immunity determines timing of shedding after the long incubation time. Such information would provide an understanding of pathogenesis in individual animals and the epidemiology of MAP infection in animal populations. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of bovine Johne’s disease pathology, pathogenesis, immunology and genetics. We discuss knowledge gaps that direly need to be addressed to provide a science-based approach to diagnostics and (immuno)prophylaxis. These knowledge gaps are related to anatomical/clinical manifestation of MAP invasion, interaction of bacteria with phagocytes, granuloma formation, shedding, establishment and kinetics of adaptive immune responses in the pathogenesis of the disease. These topics are discussed at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels with special attention to the within host dynamics including the temporal and the spatial context relevant for the various host-pathogen interactions.
Collapse
|
22
|
Tomlinson AJ, Chambers MA, McDonald RA, Delahay RJ. Association of quantitative interferon-γ responses with the progression of naturally acquired Mycobacterium bovis infection in wild European badgers (Meles meles). Immunology 2015; 144:263-70. [PMID: 25109384 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis is one of the biggest challenges facing cattle farming in Great Britain. European badgers (Meles meles) are a reservoir host for the causal agent, Mycobacterium bovis. There have been significant recent advances in diagnostic testing for tuberculosis in humans, cattle and badgers, with the development of species-specific assays for interferon-γ (IFN-γ), an important cytokine in tuberculous infections. Using data collected from longitudinal studies of naturally infected wild badgers, we report that the magnitude of the IFN-γ response to M. bovis antigens at the disclosing test event was positively correlated with subsequent progression of disease to a seropositive or excreting state. In addition, we show that the magnitude of the IFN-γ response, despite fluctuation, declined with time after the disclosing event for all badgers, but remained significantly higher in those animals with evidence of disease progression. We discuss how our findings may be related to the immunopathogenesis of natural M. bovis infection in badgers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Tomlinson
- National Wildlife Management Centre, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Nympsfield, Gloucestershire, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Schoffelen T, Wegdam-Blans MC, Ammerdorffer A, Pronk MJH, Soethoudt YEP, Netea MG, van der Meer JWM, Bleeker-Rovers CP, van Deuren M. Specific in vitro interferon-gamma and IL-2 production as biomarkers during treatment of chronic Q fever. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:93. [PMID: 25729380 PMCID: PMC4325914 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic treatment of chronic Q fever is cumbersome and of long duration. To monitor treatment, there is a need for alternative biomarkers. Coxiella burnetii-specific interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-2 production reflect the type of effector and memory T-cell response. In chronic Q fever, C. burnetii-specific IFN-γ production is higher and IL-2 production is lower than in individuals with past Q fever. Here we explore whether C. burnetii-specific IFN-γ and IL-2 production correlate to treatment response. METHODS We studied the longitudinal C. burnetii-specific IFN-γ/IL-2 ratio in fifteen proven chronic Q fever patients. All patients were followed for at least 18 months during antibiotic treatment. Treatment was considered successful when clinical recovery was observed, a positive PCR for C. burnetii DNA in blood became persistently negative, anti-phase I IgG showed a fourfold decrease or more, and imaging techniques showed disappearance of infectious foci. RESULTS Overall, the IFN-γ/IL-2 ratio declined when patients experienced a successful treatment outcome. When treatment failed, IFN-γ/IL-2 ratios did not significantly decrease. The median (±IQR) slope of the longitudinal IFN-γ/IL-2 ratio with successful treatment was -2.10 (-7.02 to -0.06), and -0.15 (-1.13 to 0.25) with unsuccessful treatment (P = 0.19). Q fever endocarditis patients had higher IFN-γ/IL-2 ratios than patients with endovascular infections. CONCLUSION We propose that the IFN-γ/IL-2 ratio can be used as an additional biomarker for monitoring chronic Q fever treatment, with declining ratios being indicative of successful treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teske Schoffelen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn C Wegdam-Blans
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Laboratory for Pathology and Medical Microbiology Veldhoven, Netherlands
| | - Anne Ammerdorffer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jos W M van der Meer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Marcel van Deuren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Diagnostic Performance of a Cytokine and IFN-γ–Induced Chemokine mRNA Assay after Mycobacterium tuberculosis–Specific Antigen Stimulation in Whole Blood from Infected Individuals. J Mol Diagn 2015; 17:90-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
25
|
Deng YH, He HY, Zhang FJ. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy conferred by a novel recombinant Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin strain expressing interleukin-12p70 of human cytokine and Ag85A of Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein. Scand J Immunol 2013; 78:497-506. [PMID: 24283772 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunization provides protection against tuberculosis (TB) in infants, but the antituberculosis protective immunity wanes gradually after initial immunization and lasts less than 15 years. Therefore, more efficacious vaccines are urgently needed. In this study, we constructed a new tuberculosis vaccine of recombinant BCG strain (rBCG-IA), which could express IL-12p70 of human cytokine and Ag85A of M. tuberculosis fusion protein, and investigated its immunogenicity in BALB/c mice by measuring antibody titres, proliferation rate of splenocytes, ratios of CD4(+) T and CD8(+) T cells stimulated by specific antigens and levels of IFN-γ production in antigen-stimulated splenocyte cultures. Meanwhile, we evaluated its protective efficacy against M. tuberculosis H37Rv infection through detecting lung histopathology, organ bacterial loads and lung acid-fast stain. Immunogenicity experiments illustrated that from 2nd to 8th week after immunization, the rBCG-IA vaccine was able to induce the highest level of antibody titres, proliferation rate of splenocytes and IFN-γ production among groups and gained improved ratio of CD4(+) T and CD8(+) T cells from 6th to 8th week after vaccination. And from 2nd to 8th week after M. tuberculosis H37Rv infection, the score of pathology and bacterial loads in the rBCG-IA group were obviously lower than that in rBCG-I group, rBCG-A group or control group (PBST group), but similar to that in BCG group. This study suggested that rBCG-IA was able to elicit stronger humoral and cellular immune responses, but could only confer similar protective efficacy compared with its parental BCG vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y H Deng
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Whitworth HS, Aranday-Cortes E, Lalvani A. Biomarkers of tuberculosis: a research roadmap. Biomark Med 2013; 7:349-62. [PMID: 23734796 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.13.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to represent a major public health problem worldwide. Prompt and accurate diagnosis and effective treatment are fundamental to reducing morbidity and mortality and curtailing spread of infection. Furthermore, tackling the large reservoir of latent infection is the cornerstone to TB control in many high income low TB incidence countries. However, our existing toolkit for prevention, diagnosis and treatment remains outdated and inadequate. Here, we discuss the key targets for biomarker research and discovery in TB and recent developments in the field. We focus on host biomarkers, in particular: correlates of vaccine efficacy and sterilizing immunity; biomarkers of latent TB infection, including diagnosis, risk of progression to active TB and response to treatment; and markers of active TB, including diagnosis, response to treatment and risk of relapse. Recent scientific and technological advances have contributed to significant recent progression in biomarker discovery. Although there are clear remaining paucities, continued efforts within scientific, translational and clinical studies are likely to yield a number of clinically useful biomarkers of TB in the foreseeable future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilary S Whitworth
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Whitworth HS, Scott M, Connell DW, Dongés B, Lalvani A. IGRAs--the gateway to T cell based TB diagnosis. Methods 2013; 61:52-62. [PMID: 23296020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) and implementation of their use in clinical practice almost 10 years ago has revolutionised diagnosis of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI). The commercially available IGRAs, TSPOT.TB (Oxford Immunotech, Oxford, UK) and QuantiFERON Gold In-Tube (Cellestis, Victoria, Australia), allow detection of TB infection with greater specificity and sensitivity than the tuberculin skin test (TST) and are now recommended for diagnosis of LTBI. The TSPOT.TB assay is a simplified enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISpot) that enumerates TB-specific T lymphocytes (T cells) secreting interferon-gamma (IFNγ). In comparison, the QuantiFERON Gold In-Tube assay constitutes an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify IFNγ released into blood plasma after incubation of whole blood with TB antigens. Release of IFNγ, as a result of antigen stimulation of TB-specific T cells within blood, is indicative of TB infection. Although IGRAs have significant advantages over the TST in diagnosis of latent TB, they have significant limitations. Discovery of new antigens and advances in methodology for measuring cellular immunity have recently paved the way for novel tests that overcome these limitations. By establishing for the first time technological platforms for T cell based diagnosis in diagnostic service laboratories, IGRAs provide a bridgehead to clinical application of T cell based diagnosis in routine practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilary S Whitworth
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Respiratory Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kim SY, Park MS, Kim YS, Kim SK, Chang J, Lee HJ, Cho SN, Kang YA. The responses of multiple cytokines following incubation of whole blood from TB patients, latently infected individuals and controls with the TB antigens ESAT-6, CFP-10 and TB7.7. Scand J Immunol 2013; 76:580-6. [PMID: 22946827 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2012.02776.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of clinically relevant biomarkers is important for diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active tuberculosis (TB) and predicting their prognoses. This study examined whether the responses of multiple cytokines can be used as a biomarker to distinguish the TB infection status and mycobacterial load. We analysed the responses of multiple cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17 and TNF-α) in the supernatant from the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube assay following stimulation of whole blood from the TB group (n = 32), LTBI group (n = 19) and healthy controls (n = 30) with TB antigens (ESAT-6, CFP-10 and TB7.7). The median responses of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10 and IL-13 were higher in the LTBI and active TB groups than in the non-TB control group (IFN-γ, P < 0.001; IL-2, P < 0.001; IL-10, P = 0.012; IL-13, P < 0.001). The median IL-2/IFN-γ ratio of the LTBI group was higher than that of the active TB group (P = 0.014) and differed significantly between patients with LTBI, patients with smear-negative TB and patients with smear-positive TB (P = 0.027). This difference was especially evident between the patients with LTBI and patients with smear-positive TB (P = 0.047). In conclusion, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10 and IL-13 can serve as biomarkers for distinguishing TB infection. In addition, the IL-2/IFN-γ ratio appears to be a biomarker for diagnosing LTBI and may be useful as a prognostic factor and for evaluating treatment responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Reduced frequency of memory T cells and increased Th17 responses in patients with active tuberculosis. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2012; 19:1667-76. [PMID: 22914361 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00390-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic and functional alterations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis T cell subsets have been reported in patients with active tuberculosis. A better understanding of these alterations will increase the knowledge about immunopathogenesis and also may contribute to the development of new diagnostics and prophylactic strategies. Here, the ex vivo phenotype of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and the frequency and phenotype of gamma interferon (IFN-γ)- and interleukin 17 (IL-17)-producing cells elicited in short-term and long-term cultures following CFP-10 and purified protein derivative (PPD) stimulation were determined in noninfected persons (non-TBi), latently infected persons (LTBi), and patients with active tuberculosis (ATB). Phenotypic characterization of T cells was done based on the expression of CD45RO and CD27. Results show that ATB had a reduced frequency of circulating CD4(+) CD45RO(+) CD27(+) T cells and an increased frequency of CD4(+) CD45RO(-) CD27(+) T cells. ATB also had a higher frequency of circulating IL-17-producing CD4(+) T cells than did LTBi after PPD stimulation, whereas LTBi had more IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells than did non-TBi. The phenotype of IFN-γ-producing cells at 24 h differs from the phenotype of IL-17-producing cells with no differences between LTBi and ATB. At 144 h, IFN-γ- and IL-17-producing cells were mainly CD45RO(+) CD27(+) T cells and they were more frequent in ATB. These results suggest that M. tuberculosis infection induces alterations in T cells which interfere with an adequate specific immune response.
Collapse
|
30
|
Aranday-Cortes E, Hogarth PJ, Kaveh DA, Whelan AO, Villarreal-Ramos B, Lalvani A, Vordermeier HM. Transcriptional profiling of disease-induced host responses in bovine tuberculosis and the identification of potential diagnostic biomarkers. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30626. [PMID: 22359547 PMCID: PMC3281027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTb) remains a major and economically important disease of livestock. Improved ante-mortem diagnostic tools would help to underpin novel control strategies. The definition of biomarkers correlating with disease progression could have impact on the rational design of novel diagnostic approaches for bTb. We have used a murine bTb model to identify promising candidates in the host transcriptome post-infection. RNA from in vitro-stimulated splenocytes and lung cells from BALB/c mice infected aerogenically with Mycobacterium bovis were probed with high-density microarrays to identify possible biomarkers of disease. In antigen-stimulated splenocytes we found statistically significant differential regulation of 1109 genes early (3 days) after infection and 1134 at a later time-point post-infection (14 days). 618 of these genes were modulated at both time points. In lung cells, 282 genes were significantly modulated post-infection. Amongst the most strongly up-regulated genes were: granzyme A, granzyme B, cxcl9, interleukin-22, and ccr6. The expression of 14 out of the most up-regulated genes identified in the murine studies was evaluated using in vitro with antigen-stimulated PBMC from uninfected and naturally infected cattle. We show that the expression of cxcl9, cxcl10, granzyme A and interleukin-22 was significantly increased in PBMC from infected cattle compared to naïve animals following PPD stimulation in vitro. Thus, murine transcriptome analysis can be used to predict immunological responses in cattle allowing the prioritisation of CXCLl9, CXCL10, Granzyme A and IL-22 as potential additional readout systems for the ante-mortem diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elihu Aranday-Cortes
- TB Research Group, Animal Health & Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. Hogarth
- TB Research Group, Animal Health & Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Daryan A. Kaveh
- TB Research Group, Animal Health & Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Adam O. Whelan
- TB Research Group, Animal Health & Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Bernardo Villarreal-Ramos
- TB Research Group, Animal Health & Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Ajit Lalvani
- Tuberculosis Immunology Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - H. Martin Vordermeier
- TB Research Group, Animal Health & Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kasprowicz VO, Churchyard G, Lawn SD, Squire SB, Lalvani A. Diagnosing latent tuberculosis in high-risk individuals: rising to the challenge in high-burden areas. J Infect Dis 2011; 204 Suppl 4:S1168-78. [PMID: 21996699 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A key challenge to greater progress in tuberculosis (TB) control is the reservoir of latent TB infection (LTBI), which represents a huge long-lived reservoir of potential TB disease. In parts of Africa, as many as 50% of 15-year-olds and 77%-89% of adults have evidence of LTBI. A second key challenge to TB control is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated TB epidemic, and Africa alone accounts for one-quarter of the global burden of HIV-associated TB. HIV co-infection promotes both reactivation TB from LTBI and rapidly progressive primary TB following recent exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Preventing active TB and tackling latent infection in addition to the Directly Observed Treatment, Short-Course (DOTS) strategy could improve TB control in high-burden settings, especially where there is a high prevalence of HIV co-infection. Current strategies include intensified case finding (ICF), TB infection control, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT). Although ART has been widely rolled out, ICF and IPT have not. A key factor limiting the rollout and effectiveness of IPT and ICF is the limitations of existing tools to both diagnose LTBI and identify those persons most at risk of progressing to active TB. In this review, we examine the obstacles and consider current progress toward the development of new tools to address this pressing global problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria O Kasprowicz
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mycobacterial PE/PPE proteins at the host-pathogen interface. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2011:497203. [PMID: 21318182 PMCID: PMC3034920 DOI: 10.1155/2011/497203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mycobacterial PE/PPE proteins have attracted much interest since their formal identification just over a decade ago. It has been widely speculated that these proteins may play a role in evasion of host immune responses, possibly via antigenic variation. Although a cohesive understanding of their function(s) has yet to be established, emerging data increasingly supports a role for the PE/PPE proteins at multiple levels of the infectious process. This paper will delineate salient features of the families revealed by comparative genomics, bioinformatic analyses and genome-wide screening approaches and will summarise existing knowledge of subcellular localization, secretion pathways, and protein structure. These characteristics will be considered in light of findings on innate and adaptive host responses to PE/PPE proteins, and we will review the increasing body of data on B and T cell recognition of these proteins. Finally, we will consider how current knowledge and future explorations may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of these intriguing proteins and their involvement in host pathogen interactions. Ultimately this information could underpin future intervention strategies, for example, in the area of new and improved diagnostic tools and vaccine candidates.
Collapse
|
33
|
Casey R, Blumenkrantz D, Millington K, Montamat-Sicotte D, Kon OM, Wickremasinghe M, Bremang S, Magtoto M, Sridhar S, Connell D, Lalvani A. Enumeration of functional T-cell subsets by fluorescence-immunospot defines signatures of pathogen burden in tuberculosis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15619. [PMID: 21179481 PMCID: PMC3001879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background IFN-γ and IL-2 cytokine-profiles define three functional T-cell subsets which may correlate with pathogen load in chronic intracellular infections. We therefore investigated the feasibility of the immunospot platform to rapidly enumerate T-cell subsets by single-cell IFN-γ/IL-2 cytokine-profiling and establish whether immunospot-based T-cell signatures distinguish different clinical stages of human tuberculosis infection. Methods We used fluorophore-labelled anti-IFN-γ and anti-IL-2 antibodies with digital overlay of spatially-mapped colour-filtered images to enumerate dual and single cytokine-secreting M. tuberculosis antigen-specific T-cells in tuberculosis patients and in latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). We validated results against established measures of cytokine-secreting T-cells. Results Fluorescence-immunospot correlated closely with single-cytokine enzyme-linked-immunospot for IFN-γ-secreting T-cells and IL-2-secreting T-cells and flow-cytometry-based detection of dual IFN-γ/IL-2-secreting T-cells. The untreated tuberculosis signature was dominated by IFN-γ-only-secreting T-cells which shifted consistently in longitudinally-followed patients during treatment to a signature dominated by dual IFN-γ/IL-2-secreting T-cells in treated patients. The LTBI signature differed from active tuberculosis, with higher proportions of IL-2-only and IFN-γ/IL-2-secreting T-cells and lower proportions of IFN-γ-only-secreting T-cells. Conclusions Fluorescence-immunospot is a quantitative, accurate measure of functional T-cell subsets; identification of cytokine-signatures of pathogen burden, distinct clinical stages of M. tuberculosis infection and long-term immune containment suggests application for treatment monitoring and vaccine evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalyn Casey
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sutherland JS, de Jong BC, Jeffries DJ, Adetifa IM, Ota MOC. Production of TNF-alpha, IL-12(p40) and IL-17 can discriminate between active TB disease and latent infection in a West African cohort. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12365. [PMID: 20811496 PMCID: PMC2927558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) infects approximately 2 billion people world-wide resulting in almost 2 million deaths per year. Determining biomarkers that distinguish different stages of tuberculosis (TB) infection and disease will provide tools for more effective diagnosis and ultimately aid in the development of new vaccine candidates. The current diagnostic kits utilising production of IFN-γ in response to TB antigens can detect MTb infection but are unable to distinguish between infection and disease. The aim of this study was to assess if the use of a longer term assay and the analysis of multiple cytokines would enhance diagnosis of active TB in a TB-endemic population. Methods We compared production of multiple cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-12(p40), IL-13, IL-17 and IL-18) following long-term (7 days) stimulation of whole-blood with TB antigens (ESAT-6/CFP-10 (EC), PPD or TB10.4) from TB cases (n = 36) and their Mycobacterium-infected (TST+; n = 20) or uninfected (TST−; n = 19) household contacts (HHC). Results and Conclusions We found that TNF-α production following EC stimulation and TNF-α and IL-12(p40) following TB10.4 stimulation were significantly higher from TB cases compared to TST+ HHC, while production of IFN-γ and IL-13 were significantly higher from TST+ compared to TST- HHC following PPD or EC stimulation. Combined analysis of TNF-α, IL-12(p40) and IL-17 following TB10.4 stimulation resulted in 85% correct classification into TB cases or TST+ HHC. 74% correct classification into TST+ or TST− HHC was achieved with IFN-γ alone following TB10.4 stimulation (69% following EC) and little enhancement was seen with additional cytokines. We also saw a tendency for TB cases infected with M. africanum to have increased TNF-α and IL-10 production compared to those infected with M. tuberculosis. Our results provide further insight into the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and may enhance the specificity of the currently available diagnostic tests, particularly for diagnosis of active TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayne S Sutherland
- Bacterial Diseases Programme, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Banjul, The Gambia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lalvani A, Pareek M. Interferon gamma release assays: principles and practice. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2010; 28:245-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2009.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
36
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a cornerstone of tuberculosis (TB) control in the developed world. In the last century, the tuberculin skin test (TST) was the only means of diagnosing LTBI. ELISpot and whole-blood ELISA, collectively known as interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs), are promising new tools. AREAS OF AGREEMENT IGRAs are more specific than TST for diagnosis of LTBI as they are not confounded by previous bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination. Assessing IGRA sensitivity in the absence of a gold standard for LTBI is challenging. Studies have therefore used surrogate markers such as active TB and correlation with degree of TB exposure in contact investigations. These studies suggest that sensitivity of ELISpot is higher than TST while whole-blood ELISA has similar sensitivity to TST. Recent longitudinal studies demonstrating the prognostic power of these tests for development of active TB provide definitive evidence that positive IGRA results reflect infection with dormant yet viable bacilli. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Is the prognostic power of IGRAs greater than the TST? What are the false-negative rates in immunocompromised individuals with LTBI at high risk of progressing to active TB? GROWING POINTS IGRAs have been incorporated into national guidelines, although their optimal deployment in diagnostic algorithms is evolving. The health economic benefits of utilizing IGRAs are increasingly recognized, partly because their high specificity avoids unnecessary chemoprophylaxis in BCG-vaccinated persons with false-positive TST results. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Current IGRAs are being improved and next-generation tests, with improved sensitivity, could enable the reliable exclusion of LTBI in immunocompromised individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Lalvani
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lugos MD, Adetifa IMO, Donkor S, Hill PC, Adegbola RA, Ota MOC. Evaluation of the contribution of major T cell subsets to IFN-gamma production in TB infection by ELISPOT. Immunol Invest 2009; 38:341-9. [PMID: 19811412 DOI: 10.1080/08820130902748744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Interferon gamma remains a key effector molecule that is still widely used as the most informative biomarker for screening human immune responses against tuberculosis, particularly in ELISPOT assays. We investigated the participation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes in the PBMC responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) specific antigens in 33 TB cases and 49 contacts. Responses to ESAT-6 were higher than CFP-10. There was no significant difference in responses to both Mtb antigens between cases and contacts. PBMCs response to ESAT-6 but not CFP-10 in cases was significantly reduced by depletion of CD4(+) cells whereas CD8(+) cell depletion had no impact. In conclusion, ESAT-6 is a more recognized antigen in this population, and CD4(+) lymphocytes are the main participants in IFN-gamma response by ELISPOT. Thus, a decline of CD4(+) T lymphocytes below a critical level might affect the sensitivity of IFN-gamma release assays for detecting Mtb infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moses D Lugos
- Federal College of Veterinary & Medical Laboratory Technology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Immunogenicity of novel DosR regulon-encoded candidate antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in three high-burden populations in Africa. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2009; 16:1203-12. [PMID: 19553548 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00111-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Increasing knowledge about DosR regulon-encoded proteins has led us to produce novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens for immunogenicity testing in human populations in three countries in Africa to which tuberculosis (TB) is endemic. A total of 131 tuberculin skin test-positive and/or ESAT-6/CFP10-positive, human immunodeficiency virus-negative adult household contacts of active pulmonary TB cases from South Africa (n = 56), The Gambia (n = 26), and Uganda (n = 49) were tested for gamma interferon responses to 7 classical and 51 DosR regulon-encoded M. tuberculosis recombinant protein antigens. ESAT-6/CFP10 fusion protein evoked responses in >75% of study participants in all three countries. Of the DosR regulon-encoded antigens tested, Rv1733c was the most commonly recognized by participants from both South Africa and Uganda and the third most commonly recognized antigen in The Gambia. The four most frequently recognized DosR regulon-encoded antigens in Uganda (Rv1733c, Rv0081, Rv1735c, and Rv1737c) included the three most immunogenic antigens in South Africa. In contrast, Rv3131 induced the highest percentage of responders in Gambian contacts (38%), compared to only 3.4% of Ugandan contacts and no South African contacts. Appreciable percentages of TB contacts with a high likelihood of latent M. tuberculosis infection responded to several novel DosR regulon-encoded M. tuberculosis proteins. In addition to significant similarities in antigen recognition profiles between the three African population groups, there were also disparities, which may stem from genetic differences between both pathogen and host populations. Our findings have implications for the selection of potential TB vaccine candidates and for determining biosignatures of latent M. tuberculosis infection, active TB disease, and protective immunity.
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
T-cell interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are more specific and probably more sensitive than the tuberculin skin test (TST) for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) and suspected LTBI who are candidates for anti-TNF therapy are at a significant risk of TB reactivation yet are prone to false-negative TST results because they are already on immunosuppressive medications. The role of these new blood tests in this patient population is therefore of considerable interest but is currently unclear. The limited published evidence-base shows that agreement between IGRA and TST results is poor in patients with IMID compared to patients without IMID, due to lower proportions of TST-positive results in patients with IMID. Discordant TST-positive, IGRA-negative results are associated with prior BCG vaccination and discordant TST-negative, IGRA-positive results are associated with steroid therapy. Notably, positive IGRA results are more closely associated with the presence of risk factors for LTBI than TST. The percentage of indeterminate IGRAs can be up to 12%. IGRA results in patients already taking anti-TNF agents currently remain uninterpretable. Given the clinical imperative to prevent reactivation of TB in patients starting anti-TNF therapy, screening algorithms should maximise diagnostic sensitivity for detection of LTBI. Therefore, a positive result to either an IGRA or TST, in addition to currently recommended clinical screening for risk factors for LTBI, should prompt consideration of preventive treatment of LTBI in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Lalvani
- Tuberculosis Immunology Group, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|