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Dourdin TS, Berthelin C, Guyomard K, Morin A, Morandi N, Elie N, Villain-Naud N, Rivière G, Sussarellu R. The Pacific oyster reproduction is affected by early-life exposure to environmental pesticide mixture: A multigenerational study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 937:173569. [PMID: 38810751 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides threat marine organisms worldwide. Among them, the Pacific oyster is a bivalve mollusc model in marine ecotoxicology. A large body of literature already stated on the multiple-scale effects pesticides can trigger in the Pacific oyster, throughout its life cycle and in a delayed manner. In particular, reproductive toxicity is of major concern because of its influence on population dynamics. However, past studies mostly investigated pesticide reprotoxicity as a direct effect of exposure during gametogenesis or directly on gametes and little is known about the influence of an early embryo exposure on the breed capacity. Therefore, we studied delayed and multigenerational consequences through gametogenesis features (i.e. sex ratio, glycogen content, gene expression) and reproductive success in two consecutive oyster generations (F0 and F1) exposed to an environmentally-relevant pesticide mixture (sum nominal concentration: 2.85 μg.L-1) during embryo-larval development (0-48 h post fertilization, hpf). In the first generation, glycogen content increased in exposed individuals and the expression of some gametogenesis target genes was modified. The reproductive success measured 48 hpf was higher in exposed individuals. A multigenerational influence was observed in the second generation, with feminisation, acceleration of gametogenesis processes and the sex-specific modification of glycogen metabolism in individuals from exposed parents. This study is the first to highlight the delayed effects on reproduction induced by an early exposure to pesticides, and its multigenerational implications in the Pacific oyster. It suggests that environmental pesticide contamination can have impacts on the recruitment and the dynamics of natural oyster populations exposed during their embryo-larval phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sol Dourdin
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Écosystèmes Marins, F-44000, France
| | - Clothilde Berthelin
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), UMR8067, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche et Développement (IRD), Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Caen Normandie (UCN), Université des Antilles (UA), 75231 Paris CEDEX, France
| | - Killian Guyomard
- Ifremer, EMMA Plateforme Expérimentale Mollusques Marins Atlantique, F-85230, France
| | - Alicia Morin
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Écosystèmes Marins, F-44000, France
| | - Nathan Morandi
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), UMR8067, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche et Développement (IRD), Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Caen Normandie (UCN), Université des Antilles (UA), 75231 Paris CEDEX, France
| | - Nicolas Elie
- Université de Caen Normandie, Structure Federative 4207 'Normandie Oncologie', PLATON Services Unit, Virtual'His, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Nadège Villain-Naud
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), UMR8067, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche et Développement (IRD), Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Caen Normandie (UCN), Université des Antilles (UA), 75231 Paris CEDEX, France
| | - Guillaume Rivière
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), UMR8067, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche et Développement (IRD), Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Caen Normandie (UCN), Université des Antilles (UA), 75231 Paris CEDEX, France
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2
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Bonzi LC, Spinks RK, Donelson JM, Munday PL, Ravasi T, Schunter C. Timing-specific parental effects of ocean warming in a coral reef fish. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232207. [PMID: 38772423 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Population and species persistence in a rapidly warming world will be determined by an organism's ability to acclimate to warmer conditions, especially across generations. There is potential for transgenerational acclimation but the importance of ontogenetic timing in the transmission of environmentally induced parental effects remains mostly unknown. We aimed to disentangle the effects of two critical ontogenetic stages (juvenile development and reproduction) to the new-generation acclimation potential, by exposing the spiny chromis damselfish Acanthochromis polyacanthus to simulated ocean warming across two generations. By using hepatic transcriptomics, we discovered that the post-hatching developmental environment of the offspring themselves had little effect on their acclimation potential at 2.5 months of life. Instead, the developmental experience of parents increased regulatory RNA production and protein synthesis, which could improve the offspring's response to warming. Conversely, parental reproduction and offspring embryogenesis in warmer water elicited stress response mechanisms in the offspring, with suppression of translation and mitochondrial respiration. Mismatches between parental developmental and reproductive temperatures deeply affected offspring gene expression profiles, and detrimental effects were evident when warming occurred both during parents' development and reproduction. This study reveals that the previous generation's developmental temperature contributes substantially to thermal acclimation potential during early life; however, exposure at reproduction as well as prolonged heat stress will likely have adverse effects on the species' persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Bonzi
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - R K Spinks
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University , Townsville 4810, Australia
- Blue Carbon Section, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Australian Government , Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - J M Donelson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University , Townsville 4810, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University , Townsville 4810, Australia
| | - P L Munday
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University , Townsville 4810, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University , Townsville 4810, Australia
| | - T Ravasi
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University , Townsville 4810, Australia
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University , Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - C Schunter
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
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3
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Milocco L, Uller T. Utilizing developmental dynamics for evolutionary prediction and control. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320413121. [PMID: 38530898 PMCID: PMC10998628 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320413121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding, predicting, and controlling the phenotypic consequences of genetic and environmental change is essential to many areas of fundamental and applied biology. In evolutionary biology, the generative process of development is a major source of organismal evolvability that constrains or facilitates adaptive change by shaping the distribution of phenotypic variation that selection can act upon. While the complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors during development may appear to make it impossible to infer the consequences of perturbations, the persistent observation that many perturbations result in similar phenotypes indicates that there is a logic to what variation is generated. Here, we show that a general representation of development as a dynamical system can reveal this logic. We build a framework that allows predicting the phenotypic effects of perturbations, and conditions for when the effects of perturbations of different origins are concordant. We find that this concordance is explained by two generic features of development, namely the dynamical dependence of the phenotype on itself and the fact that all perturbations must affect the developmental process to have an effect on the phenotype. We apply our theoretical framework to classical models of development and show that it can be used to predict the evolutionary response to selection using information of plasticity and to accelerate evolution in a desired direction. The framework we introduce provides a way to quantitatively interchange perturbations, opening an avenue of perturbation design to control the generation of variation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Uller
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62Lund, Sweden
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4
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Bertoni Í, Sales BCP, Viriato C, Peixoto PVL, Pereira LC. Embryotoxicity Induced by Triclopyr in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Early Life Stage. TOXICS 2024; 12:255. [PMID: 38668478 PMCID: PMC11054795 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Triclopyr, an auxin-like herbicide that is widely employed for managing weeds in food crops and pastures, has been identified in various environmental settings, particularly aquatic ecosystems. Limited understanding of the environmental fate of this herbicide, its potential repercussions for both the environment and human health, and its insufficient monitoring in diverse environmental compartments has caused it to be recognized as an emerging contaminant of concern. In this study, we have investigated how triclopyr affects zebrafish, considering a new alternative methodology. We focused on the endpoints of developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, and behavior of zebrafish embryos and larvae. We determined that triclopyr has a 96 h median lethal concentration of 87.46 mg/L (341.01 µM). When we exposed zebrafish embryos to sublethal triclopyr concentrations (0.5, 1, 5, 10, and 50 μM) for up to 144 h, we found that 50 µM triclopyr delayed zebrafish egg hatchability. Yolk sac malabsorption was significant at 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 µM triclopyr. In zebrafish larvae, uninflated swim bladder was significant only at 50 µM triclopyr. Furthermore, zebrafish larvae had altered swimming activity after exposure to 10 µM triclopyr for 144 h. In summary, these comprehensive results indicate that even low triclopyr concentrations can elicit adverse effects during early zebrafish development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ítalo Bertoni
- Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (B.C.P.S.); (P.V.L.P.)
- Center for Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (C.V.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Bianca Camargo Penteado Sales
- Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (B.C.P.S.); (P.V.L.P.)
- Center for Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (C.V.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Cristina Viriato
- Center for Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (C.V.); (L.C.P.)
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Paloma Vitória Lima Peixoto
- Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (B.C.P.S.); (P.V.L.P.)
- Center for Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (C.V.); (L.C.P.)
| | - Lílian Cristina Pereira
- Center for Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (C.V.); (L.C.P.)
- School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil
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5
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Hörnell A, Lagström H. Infant feeding-a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10456. [PMID: 38370110 PMCID: PMC10870977 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The 2012 edition of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) included recommendations on breastfeeding, based on the most recent guidelines and recommendations from major national food and health authorities and organizations, systematic reviews, and some original research. For NNR 2023, the scope has been expanded and also includes formula feeding and the introduction of solid food. The main focus in this scoping review is on infants aged 0-12 months but also considers parts both before and beyond the first year, as the concept of 'the first 1000 days' emphasizes the importance of factors during pregnancy and the first 2 years of life for immediate and later health: physical as well as emotional and mental health. Breastmilk is the natural and sustainable way to feed an infant during the first months of life. Numerous studies have indicated immediate as well as long-term beneficial effects of breastfeeding on health for both the infant and the breastfeeding mother, and from a public health perspective, it is therefore important to protect, support, and promote breastfeeding. For full-term, normal weight infants, breastmilk is sufficient as the only form of nutrition for the first 6 months, except for vitamin D that needs to be given as supplement. The World Health Organization (WHO) and several other authoritative bodies therefore recommend exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months. Starting solids at about 6 months is necessary for both nutritional and developmental reasons. According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN), solid foods are safe to give from 4 months although exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months is the desirable goal. Breastfeeding can continue together with complementary foods as long as it is mutually desired by the mother and child. If breastfeeding is not enough or for some reason discontinued before the infant is 4 months of age, the infant should be fed infant formula, and, when possible, breastfeeding should be continued alongside the formula feeding. If the infant is 4 months or older, starting with solids together with continued breastfeeding and/or formula feeding is an option. Infant formulas have been developed for infants who are not breastfed or do not get enough breastmilk. Home-made formula should not be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta Hörnell
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Culinary Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hanna Lagström
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Göpel T, Burggren WW. Temperature and hypoxia trigger developmental phenotypic plasticity of cardiorespiratory physiology and growth in the parthenogenetic marbled crayfish, Procambarus virginalis Lyko, 2017. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 288:111562. [PMID: 38113959 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Attempting to differentiate phenotypic variation caused by environmentally-induced alterations in gene expression from that caused by actual allelic differences can be experimentally difficult. Environmental variables must be carefully controlled and then interindividual genetic differences ruled out as sources of phenotypic variation. We investigated phenotypic variability of cardiorespiratory physiology as well as biometric traits in the parthenogenetically-reproducing marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis Lyko, 2017, all offspring being genetically identical clones. Populations of P. virginalis were reared from eggs tank-bred at four different temperatures (16, 19, 22 and 25 °C) or two different oxygen levels (9.5 and 20 kPa). Then, at Stage 3 and 4 juvenile stages, physiological (heart rate, oxygen consumption) and morphological (carapace length, body mass) variables were measured. Heart rate and oxygen consumption measured at 23 °C showed only small effects of rearing temperature in Stage 3 juveniles, with larger effects evident in older, Stage 4 juveniles. Additionally, coefficients of variation were calculated to compare our data to previously published data on P. virginalis as well as sexually-reproducing crayfish. Comparison revealed that carapace length, body mass and heart rate (but not oxygen consumption) indeed showed lower, yet notable coefficients of variation in clonal crayfish. Yet, despite being genetically identical, significant variation in their morphology and physiology in response to different rearing conditions nonetheless occurred in marbled crayfish. This suggests that epigenetically induced phenotypic variation might play a significant role in asexual but also sexually reproducing species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Göpel
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA; Multiscale Biology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Warren W Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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7
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Rai S, Singh A, Omkar O, Mishra G. Effect of larval thermal conditions on limb regeneration in a ladybird beetle, Cheilomenes sexmaculata. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 339:825-837. [PMID: 37465962 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
In view of global environmental change, ecological factors especially temperature, affect development of the poikilotherms like insects. Since ladybirds are at risk of injury under mass-rearing conditions, their ability to regenerate injured limbs is highly crucial for their survival. Therefore, the effect of limb regeneration in relation to temperature forms the basis of the present study. The immature stages of insects, being more vulnerable to the surrounding temperature, were considered to study the effect of the prior thermal experience of larvae on regeneration. We exposed the early larval stages of the ladybird beetle, Cheilomenes sexmaculata, to different temperature conditions pre- and postamputation. Exposure of immature stages to extreme temperatures did not affect the ability to regenerate and regeneration occurred at given temperature conditions. However, the regenerated legs were smaller in size across given temperatures as compared to unamputated legs. Body weights in amputated treatments showed no difference and remained unchanged across temperatures when compared to unamputated treatments. Postamputation developmental duration, equivalent to recovery time postlimb amputation, was found to be affected by larval thermal conditions. Recovery was faster in larval treatments exposed to higher temperatures. Thus, larval thermal conditions though did not affect the ability to regenerate lost limbs directly, it does modulate the time taken to regenerate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriza Rai
- Department of Zoology, Ladybird Research Laboratory, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Anupama Singh
- Department of Statistics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Omkar Omkar
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Geetanjali Mishra
- Department of Zoology, Ladybird Research Laboratory, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
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8
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Hoskins TD, Flynn RW, Coogan GSM, Catlin AC, de Perre C, Modiri Gharehveran M, Choi YJ, Lee LS, Hoverman JT, Sepúlveda MS. Chronic Exposure to a PFAS Mixture Resembling AFFF-Impacted Surface Water Decreases Body Size in Northern Leopard Frogs ( Rana pipiens). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:14797-14806. [PMID: 37608745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) occur in the environment as mixtures, yet mixture toxicity remains poorly understood. Aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) are a common source of PFAS. Our objective was to examine chronic effects of a complex PFAS mixture on amphibian growth and development. We tested toxicity of a five-chemical PFAS mixture summing to 10 μg/L and that accounts for >90% of the PFAS in AFFF-affected surface waters: perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, 40%), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS, 30%), perflurooctanoic acid (PFOA, 12.5%), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA, 12.5%), and perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA, 5%). We also included treatments to determine whether PFOS drove mixture toxicity and whether PFOS and mixture components act additively. We exposed Northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) larvae through metamorphosis (∼130 d) in outdoor mesocosms. After 21 days of exposure, the larval body condition fell ∼5% relative to controls in the 4 μg/L PFOS treatment and mixtures lacking PFOS. At metamorphosis, the full 5-component 10 μg/L PFAS mixture reduced mass by 16% relative to controls. We did not observe effects on development. Our results indicate that toxicity of PFOS and other PFAS mixtures typical of AFFF sites act additively and that PFOS is not more inherently toxic than other mixture components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D Hoskins
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - R Wesley Flynn
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Grace S M Coogan
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ann C Catlin
- Information Technology at Purdue, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Chloe de Perre
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | - Youn Jeong Choi
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Linda S Lee
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jason T Hoverman
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Maria S Sepúlveda
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Sustainability Research Center & PhD in Conservation Medicine, Life Sciences Faculty, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
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9
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Burggren WW, Mendez-Sanchez JF. "Bet hedging" against climate change in developing and adult animals: roles for stochastic gene expression, phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic inheritance and adaptation. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1245875. [PMID: 37869716 PMCID: PMC10588650 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1245875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals from embryos to adults experiencing stress from climate change have numerous mechanisms available for enhancing their long-term survival. In this review we consider these options, and how viable they are in a world increasingly experiencing extreme weather associated with climate change. A deeply understood mechanism involves natural selection, leading to evolution of new adaptations that help cope with extreme and stochastic weather events associated with climate change. While potentially effective at staving off environmental challenges, such adaptations typically occur very slowly and incrementally over evolutionary time. Consequently, adaptation through natural selection is in most instances regarded as too slow to aid survival in rapidly changing environments, especially when considering the stochastic nature of extreme weather events associated with climate change. Alternative mechanisms operating in a much shorter time frame than adaptation involve the rapid creation of alternate phenotypes within a life cycle or a few generations. Stochastic gene expression creates multiple phenotypes from the same genotype even in the absence of environmental cues. In contrast, other mechanisms for phenotype change that are externally driven by environmental clues include well-understood developmental phenotypic plasticity (variation, flexibility), which can enable rapid, within-generation changes. Increasingly appreciated are epigenetic influences during development leading to rapid phenotypic changes that can also immediately be very widespread throughout a population, rather than confined to a few individuals as in the case of favorable gene mutations. Such epigenetically-induced phenotypic plasticity can arise rapidly in response to stressors within a generation or across a few generations and just as rapidly be "sunsetted" when the stressor dissipates, providing some capability to withstand environmental stressors emerging from climate change. Importantly, survival mechanisms resulting from adaptations and developmental phenotypic plasticity are not necessarily mutually exclusive, allowing for classic "bet hedging". Thus, the appearance of multiple phenotypes within a single population provides for a phenotype potentially optimal for some future environment. This enhances survival during stochastic extreme weather events associated with climate change. Finally, we end with recommendations for future physiological experiments, recommending in particular that experiments investigating phenotypic flexibility adopt more realistic protocols that reflect the stochastic nature of weather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren W. Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Jose Fernando Mendez-Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Animal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
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10
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McCoy JCS, Spicer JI, Ibbini Z, Tills O. Phenomics as an approach to Comparative Developmental Physiology. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1229500. [PMID: 37645563 PMCID: PMC10461620 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1229500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic nature of developing organisms and how they function presents both opportunity and challenge to researchers, with significant advances in understanding possible by adopting innovative approaches to their empirical study. The information content of the phenotype during organismal development is arguably greater than at any other life stage, incorporating change at a broad range of temporal, spatial and functional scales and is of broad relevance to a plethora of research questions. Yet, effectively measuring organismal development, and the ontogeny of physiological regulations and functions, and their responses to the environment, remains a significant challenge. "Phenomics", a global approach to the acquisition of phenotypic data at the scale of the whole organism, is uniquely suited as an approach. In this perspective, we explore the synergies between phenomics and Comparative Developmental Physiology (CDP), a discipline of increasing relevance to understanding sensitivity to drivers of global change. We then identify how organismal development itself provides an excellent model for pushing the boundaries of phenomics, given its inherent complexity, comparably smaller size, relative to adult stages, and the applicability of embryonic development to a broad suite of research questions using a diversity of species. Collection, analysis and interpretation of whole organismal phenotypic data are the largest obstacle to capitalising on phenomics for advancing our understanding of biological systems. We suggest that phenomics within the context of developing organismal form and function could provide an effective scaffold for addressing grand challenges in CDP and phenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Oliver Tills
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
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11
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Osborne RK, Ijzerman MM, Venier C, Prosser RS. Development of an Embryo Toxicity Test to Assess the Comparative Toxicity of Metal Exposure on Different Life Stages of Freshwater Gastropods. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:1791-1805. [PMID: 37283216 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Early life stages are commonly thought to be highly sensitive to environmental contaminants and may offer insight into the future health of a population. Despite the importance of studying early life stages, very few standard protocols for benthic invertebrates commonly used in ecotoxicological assessments measure developmental endpoints. The goal of the present study was to develop and optimize a robust standard protocol for studying embryonic endpoints in freshwater gastropods. The developed method was then used to characterize the sensitivity of four embryonic endpoints (viability, hatching, deformities, and biomass production), in conjunction with juvenile and adult mortality, for the snail Planorbella pilsbryi exposed to three metals (copper [Cu], cadmium [Cd], and nickel [Ni]). Biomass production was typically the most sensitive endpoint but was relatively variable, while embryo hatching was slightly less sensitive but highly consistent for all three metals. However, no single embryonic endpoint was consistently the most sensitive, which demonstrates the importance of assessing a broad range of endpoints and life stages in ecotoxicological risk assessment. Interestingly, the embryonic life stage of P. pilsbryi was considerably less sensitive to Cu exposure compared with juvenile and adult mortality. However, for Cd exposure, embryonic endpoints were the most sensitive, and for Ni exposure, embryonic endpoints were similar in sensitivity to juvenile and adult mortality. The present study has valuable applications in conducting developmental toxicity research with organisms lacking standardized testing protocol as well as future applications in multigenerational and in silico toxicity research. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1791-1805. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Osborne
- School of Environmental Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - M M Ijzerman
- School of Environmental Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Venier
- School of Environmental Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - R S Prosser
- School of Environmental Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Rechtman E, Navarro E, de Water E, Tang CY, Curtin P, Papazaharias DM, Ambrosi C, Mascaro L, Cagna G, Gasparotti R, Invernizzi A, Reichenberg A, Austin C, Arora M, Smith DR, Lucchini RG, Wright RO, Placidi D, Horton MK. Early-Life Critical Windows of Susceptibility to Manganese Exposure and Sex-Specific Changes in Brain Connectivity in Late Adolescence. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:460-469. [PMID: 37519473 PMCID: PMC10382697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early-life environmental exposures during critical windows (CWs) of development can impact life course health. Exposure to neuroactive metals such as manganese (Mn) during prenatal and early postnatal CWs may disrupt typical brain development, leading to persistent behavioral changes. Males and females may be differentially vulnerable to Mn, presenting distinctive CWs to Mn exposure. Methods We used magnetic resonance imaging to investigate sex-specific associations between early-life Mn uptake and intrinsic functional connectivity in adolescence. A total of 71 participants (15-23 years old; 53% female) from the Public Health Impact of Manganese Exposure study completed a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. We estimated dentine Mn concentrations at prenatal, postnatal, and early childhood periods using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. We performed seed-based correlation analyses to investigate the moderating effect of sex on the associations between Mn and intrinsic functional connectivity adjusting for age and socioeconomic status. Results We identified significant sex-specific associations between dentine Mn at all time points and intrinsic functional connectivity in brain regions involved in cognitive and motor function: 1) prenatal: dorsal striatum, occipital/frontal lobes, and middle frontal gyrus; 2) postnatal: right putamen and cerebellum; and 3) early childhood: putamen and occipital, frontal, and temporal lobes. Network associations differed depending on exposure timing, suggesting that different brain networks may present distinctive CWs to Mn. Conclusions These findings suggest that the developing brain is vulnerable to Mn exposure, with effects lasting through late adolescence, and that females and males are not equally vulnerable to these effects. Future studies should investigate cognitive and motor outcomes related to these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elza Rechtman
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Esmeralda Navarro
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Erik de Water
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Cheuk Y. Tang
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular, and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Paul Curtin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Demetrios M. Papazaharias
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Claudia Ambrosi
- ASST Spedali Civili Hospital, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorella Mascaro
- ASST Spedali Civili Hospital, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Cagna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Gasparotti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Azzurra Invernizzi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Donald R. Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Roberto G. Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Robert O. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Megan K. Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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13
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Lappé M, Hein RJ. The Temporal Politics of Placenta Epigenetics: Bodies, Environments and Time. BODY & SOCIETY 2023; 29:49-76. [PMID: 37621557 PMCID: PMC10449375 DOI: 10.1177/1357034x211068883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
This article builds on feminist scholarship on new biologies and the body to describe the temporal politics of epigenetic research related to the human placenta. Drawing on interviews with scientists and observations at conferences and in laboratories, we argue that epigenetic research simultaneously positions placenta tissue as a way back into maternal and fetal bodies following birth, as a lens onto children's future well-being, and as a bankable resource for ongoing research. Our findings reflect how developmental models of health have helped recast the placenta as an agential organ that is uniquely responsive to environments during pregnancy and capable of embodying biological evidence about the effects of in utero experiences after birth. We develop the concept of 'recursive embodiment' to describe how placenta epigenetics is reimagining relationships between bodies and environments across developmental, epigenetic, and generational time, and the impacts this has for experiences of pregnancy and responsibilities related to children's health.
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14
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Sol Dourdin T, Rivière G, Cormier A, Di Poi C, Guyomard K, Rabiller M, Akcha F, Bah Sadialiou T, Le Monier P, Sussarellu R. Molecular and phenotypic effects of early exposure to an environmentally relevant pesticide mixture in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 326:121472. [PMID: 36965683 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Early life stages are crucial for organism development, especially for those displaying external fertilization, whose gametes and early stages face environmental stressors such as xenobiotics. The pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, is considered a model species in ecotoxicology because of its ecological characteristics (benthic, sessile, filter feeding). So far studies have investigated the impact of xenobiotics at embryotoxic, genotoxic and physiological endpoints, sometimes at the multigenerational scale, highlighting the role of epigenetic mechanisms in transmitting alterations induced by exposure to single xenobiotics. However, to date, little is known about the impact of environmentally-mimicking contaminants cocktails. Thus, we examined the impact of an early exposure to environmentally relevant mixture on the Pacific oyster life history. We studied transcriptomic, epigenetic and physiological alterations induced in oysters exposed to 18 pesticides and metals at environmental concentration (nominal sum concentration: 2.85 μg.L-1, measured sum concentration: 3.74 ± 0.013 μg.L-1) during embryo-larval stage (0-48 h post fertilization, hpf). No significant differences in embryo-larval abnormalities at 24 hpf were observed during larval and spat rearing; the swimming behaviour of exposed individuals was disturbed, while they were longer and heavier at specific time points, and exhibited a lower epinephrine-induced metamorphosis rate as well as a higher survival rate in the field. In addition, RNA-seq analyses of gastrula embryos revealed the differential expression of development-related genes (e.g. Hox orthologues and cell cycle regulators) between control and exposed oysters. Whole-genome DNA methylation analyses demonstrated a significant modification of DNA methylation in exposed larvae marked by a demethylation trend. Those findings suggest that early exposure to an environmentally relevant pesticide mixture induces multi-scale latent effects possibly affecting life history traits in the Pacific oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sol Dourdin
- Ifremer, Unité Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, Nantes, France.
| | - Guillaume Rivière
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), UMR8067, Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche et Développement (IRD), Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Caen Normandie (UCN), Université des Antilles (UA), 75231, Paris, CEDEX, France
| | | | - Carole Di Poi
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), France
| | | | | | - Farida Akcha
- Ifremer, Unité Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, Nantes, France
| | | | - Pauline Le Monier
- Ifremer, Unité Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, Nantes, France
| | - Rossana Sussarellu
- Ifremer, Physiologie et Toxines des Microalgues Toxiques, Nantes, France
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15
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Earhart ML, Blanchard TS, Morrison PR, Strowbridge N, Penman RJ, Brauner CJ, Schulte PM, Baker DW. Identification of upper thermal thresholds during development in the endangered Nechako white sturgeon with management implications for a regulated river. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 11:coad032. [PMID: 37228298 PMCID: PMC10205467 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Climate change-induced warming effects are already evident in river ecosystems, and projected increases in temperature will continue to amplify stress on fish communities. In addition, many rivers globally are impacted by dams, which have many negative effects on fishes by altering flow, blocking fish passage, and changing sediment composition. However, in some systems, dams present an opportunity to manage river temperature through regulated releases of cooler water. For example, there is a government mandate for Kenney dam operators in the Nechako river, British Columbia, Canada, to maintain river temperature <20°C in July and August to protect migrating sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). However, there is another endangered fish species inhabiting the same river, Nechako white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), and it is unclear if these current temperature regulations, or timing of the regulations, are suitable for spawning and developing sturgeon. In this study, we aimed to identify upper thermal thresholds in white sturgeon embryos and larvae to investigate if exposure to current river temperatures are playing a role in recruitment failure. We incubated embryos and yolk-sac larvae in three environmentally relevant temperatures (14, 18 and 21°C) throughout development to identify thermal thresholds across different levels of biological organization. Our results demonstrate upper thermal thresholds at 21°C across physiological measurements in embryo and yolk-sac larvae white sturgeon. Before hatch, both embryo survival and metabolic rate were reduced at 21°C. After hatch, sublethal consequences continued at 21°C because larval sturgeon had decreased thermal plasticity and a dampened transcriptional response during development. In recent years, the Nechako river has reached 21°C by the end of June, and at this temperature, a decrease in sturgeon performance is evident in most of the traits measured. As such, the thermal thresholds identified here suggest current temperature regulations may not be suitable for developing white sturgeon and future recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison L Earhart
- Corresponding author: Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd. Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. . Tel.: 204-799-9338
| | - Tessa S Blanchard
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd. Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Phillip R Morrison
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd. Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Resource Management and Protection, and Biology Department, Vancouver Island University, 900 Fifth Street Nanaimo, BC V9R 5S5, Canada
| | - Nicholas Strowbridge
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd. Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, & Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 464 Bearsden Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Rachael J Penman
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd. Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Instreams fisheries research, 2323 Boundary Rd Unit 115, Vancouver, BC V5M 4V8, Canada
| | - Colin J Brauner
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd. Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Patricia M Schulte
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd. Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Daniel W Baker
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Vancouver Island University, 900 Fifth Street, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5S5, Canada
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16
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von Wyl M, Könemann S, Vom Berg C. Different developmental insecticide exposure windows trigger distinct locomotor phenotypes in the early life stages of zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 317:137874. [PMID: 36646183 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to their extensive use and high biological activity, insecticides largely contribute to loss of biodiversity and environmental pollution. The regulation of insecticides by authorities is mainly focused on lethal concentrations. However, sub-lethal effects such as alterations in behavior and neurodevelopment can significantly affect the fitness of individual fish and their population dynamics and therefore deserve consideration. Moreover, it is important to understand the impact of exposure timing during development, about which there is currently a lack of relevant knowledge. Here, we investigated whether there are periods during neurodevelopment of fish, which are particularly vulnerable to insecticide exposure. Therefore, we exposed zebrafish embryos to six different insecticides with cholinergic mode of action for 24 h during different periods of neurodevelopment and measured locomotor output using an age-matched behavior assay. We used the organophosphates diazinon and dimethoate, the carbamates pirimicarb and methomyl as well as the neonicotinoids thiacloprid and imidacloprid because they are abundant in the environment and cholinergic signaling plays a major role during key processes of neurodevelopment. We found that early embryonic motor behaviors, as measured by spontaneous tail coiling, increased upon exposure to most insecticides, while later movements, measured through touch-evoked response and a light-dark transition assay, rather decreased for the same insecticides and exposure duration. Moreover, the observed effects were more pronounced when exposure windows were temporally closer to the performing of the respective behavioral assay. However, the measured behavioral effects recovered after a short period, indicating that none of the exposure windows chosen here are particularly critical, but rather that insecticides acutely interfere with neuronal function at all stages as long as they are present. Overall, our results contribute to a better understanding of risks posed by cholinergic insecticides to fish and provide an important basis for the development of safe regulations to improve environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa von Wyl
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Könemann
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne, EPFL, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Colette Vom Berg
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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17
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Galli GLJ, Lock MC, Smith KLM, Giussani DA, Crossley DA. Effects of Developmental Hypoxia on the Vertebrate Cardiovascular System. Physiology (Bethesda) 2023; 38:0. [PMID: 36317939 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00022.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental hypoxia has profound and persistent effects on the vertebrate cardiovascular system, but the nature, magnitude, and long-term outcome of the hypoxic consequences are species specific. Here we aim to identify common and novel cardiovascular responses among vertebrates that encounter developmental hypoxia, and we discuss the possible medical and ecological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L J Galli
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kerri L M Smith
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dino A Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dane A Crossley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
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18
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Fallet M, Blanc M, Di Criscio M, Antczak P, Engwall M, Guerrero Bosagna C, Rüegg J, Keiter SH. Present and future challenges for the investigation of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107776. [PMID: 36731188 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic pathways are essential in different biological processes and in phenotype-environment interactions in response to different stressors and they can induce phenotypic plasticity. They encompass several processes that are mitotically and, in some cases, meiotically heritable, so they can be transferred to subsequent generations via the germline. Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance (TEI) describes the phenomenon that phenotypic traits, such as changes in fertility, metabolic function, or behavior, induced by environmental factors (e.g., parental care, pathogens, pollutants, climate change), can be transferred to offspring generations via epigenetic mechanisms. Investigations on TEI contribute to deciphering the role of epigenetic mechanisms in adaptation, adversity, and evolution. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the transmission of epigenetic changes between generations, and the downstream chain of events leading to persistent phenotypic changes, remain unclear. Therefore, inter-, (transmission of information between parental and offspring generation via direct exposure) and transgenerational (transmission of information through several generations with disappearance of the triggering factor) consequences of epigenetic modifications remain major issues in the field of modern biology. In this article, we review and describe the major gaps and issues still encountered in the TEI field: the general challenges faced in epigenetic research; deciphering the key epigenetic mechanisms in inheritance processes; identifying the relevant drivers for TEI and implement a collaborative and multi-disciplinary approach to study TEI. Finally, we provide suggestions on how to overcome these challenges and ultimately be able to identify the specific contribution of epigenetics in transgenerational inheritance and use the correct tools for environmental science investigation and biomarkers identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Fallet
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 70182 Örebro, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom.
| | - Mélanie Blanc
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, INRAE, Palavas, France
| | - Michela Di Criscio
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyv. 18A, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Philipp Antczak
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Magnus Engwall
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Joëlle Rüegg
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyv. 18A, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Steffen H Keiter
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
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Tills O, Holmes LA, Quinn E, Everett T, Truebano M, Spicer JI. Phenomics enables measurement of complex responses of developing animals to global environmental drivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159555. [PMID: 36283519 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phenomics offers technological advances for high-dimensional phenotyping, facilitating rapid, high-throughput assessment of physiological performance and has proven invaluable in global research challenges including drug discovery and food security. However, this rapidly growing discipline has remained largely inaccessible to the increasingly urgent challenge of assessing organismal functional sensitivity to global change drivers. Here, we investigate the response of an ecologically important marine invertebrate to multiple environmental drivers using Energy Proxy Traits (EPTs), a new approach for measuring complex phenotypes captured on video as a spectrum of energy levels across different temporal frequencies in fluctuating pixel values. We imaged three developmental stages of the common prawn Palaemon serratus at different salinities and temperatures, and measured EPTs and heart rate, a major proxy of physiological performance in ectotherms present across stages. Significant interactions were detected between temperature, developmental stage and salinity in frequency-specific energy levels. Despite cardiac activity being a significant contributor to the EPT spectra, treatment interactions were different from those observed on EPTs, highlighting additional phenotypic drivers of EPTs. Elevated temperature resulted in a shift of the EPT spectra towards higher frequency signals, indicating a reallocation of resources within the phenome. Using a non-linear dimensionality reduction, we interrogated the responses of EPT spectra in high-dimensional space. We discovered complex developmental-stage specific sensitivities, highlighting both the complexity of phenotypic responses, and the limits of using univariate approaches with pre-selected traits to assess responses to multiple global environmental drivers. EPTs are a high-dimensional, transferrable method of phenotyping, and are therefore highly relevant to addressing the current limitations of traditional methods of phenotyping applied to assessing biological sensitivity to drivers of global change. We predict that EPTs will become an important tool for indiscriminate phenotyping, transferrable between species, developmental stages and experimental designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Tills
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, United Kingdom.
| | - Luke A Holmes
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Elliot Quinn
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Everett
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Manuela Truebano
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - John I Spicer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
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20
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Shen Y, Gan Y, Xiao Q, Huang Z, Liu J, Gong S, Wang Y, Yu W, Luo X, Ke C, You W. Divergent Carry-Over Effects of Hypoxia during the Early Development of Abalone. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17836-17848. [PMID: 36479946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
After being exposed to environmental stimuli during early developmental stages, some organisms may gain or weaken physiological regulating abilities, which would have long-lasting effects on their performance. Environmental hypoxia events can have significant effects on marine organisms, but for breeding programs and other practical applications, it is important to further explore the long-term physiological effects of early hypoxia exposure in economically significant species. In this study, the Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai was exposed to moderate hypoxia (∼4 mg/L) from zygote to trochophora, and the assessments of hypoxia tolerance were conducted on the grow-out stage. The results revealed that juvenile abalones exposed to hypoxia at the early development stages were more hypoxia-tolerant but with slower weight growth, a phenomenon called the trade-off between growth and survival. These phenotypic effects driven by the hypoxia exposure were explained by strong selection of genes involved in signal transduction, autophagy, apoptosis, and hormone regulation. Moreover, long non-coding RNA regulation plays an important role modulating carry-over effects by controlling DNA replication and repair, signal transduction, myocardial activity, and hormone regulation. This study revealed that the ability to create favorable phenotypic differentiation through genetic selection and/or epigenetic regulation is important for the survival and development of aquatic animals in the face of rapidly changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environmental and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, PR China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, China
- Fujian Institute for Sustainable Oceans, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, China
| | - Yang Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, PR China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, China
| | - Qizhen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, PR China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, China
| | - Zekun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environmental and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, PR China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, China
| | - Junyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, PR China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, China
| | - Shihai Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, PR China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, PR China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, China
| | - Wenchao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, PR China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, PR China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, China
| | - Caihuan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, PR China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, China
| | - Weiwei You
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, PR China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, China
- Fujian Institute for Sustainable Oceans, Xiamen University, Xiamen361102, China
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Hedgehog-mediated gut-taste neuron axis controls sweet perception in Drosophila. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7810. [PMID: 36535958 PMCID: PMC9763350 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35527-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary composition affects food preference in animals. High sugar intake suppresses sweet sensation from insects to humans, but the molecular basis of this suppression is largely unknown. Here, we reveal that sugar intake in Drosophila induces the gut to express and secrete Hedgehog (Hh) into the circulation. We show that the midgut secreted Hh localize to taste sensilla and suppresses sweet sensation, perception, and preference. We further find that the midgut Hh inhibits Hh signalling in the sweet taste neurons. Our electrophysiology studies demonstrate that the midgut Hh signal also suppresses bitter taste and some odour responses, affecting overall food perception and preference. We further show that the level of sugar intake during a critical window early in life, sets the adult gut Hh expression and sugar perception. Our results together reveal a bottom-up feedback mechanism involving a "gut-taste neuron axis" that regulates food sensation and preference.
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Kiefer AW, Martin DT. Phenomics in sport: Can emerging methodology drive advanced insights? FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 2:1060858. [PMID: 36926080 PMCID: PMC10012997 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2022.1060858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Methodologies in applied sport science have predominantly driven a reductionist grounding to component-specific mechanisms to drive athlete training and care. While linear mechanistic approaches provide useful insights, they have impeded progress in the development of more complex network physiology models that consider the temporal and spatial interactions of multiple factors within and across systems and subsystems. For this, a more sophisticated approach is needed and the development of such a methodological framework can be considered a Sport Grand Challenge. Specifically, a transdisciplinary phenomics-based scientific and modeling framework has merit. Phenomics is a relatively new area in human precision medicine, but it is also a developed area of research in the plant and evolutionary biology sciences. The convergence of innovative precision medicine, portable non-destructive measurement technologies, and advancements in modeling complex human behavior are central for the integration of phenomics into sport science. The approach enables application of concepts such as phenotypic fitness, plasticity, dose-response dynamics, critical windows, and multi-dimensional network models of behavior. In addition, profiles are grounded in indices of change, and models consider the athlete's performance or recovery trajectory as a function of their dynamic environment. This new framework is introduced across several example sport science domains for potential integration. Specific factors of emphasis are provided as potential candidate fitness variables and example profiles provide a generalizable modeling approach for precision training and care. Finally, considerations for the future are discussed, including scaling from individual athletes to teams and additional factors necessary for the successful implementation of phenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W. Kiefer
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - David T. Martin
- Apeiron Life, Menlo Park, CA, United States
- School of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Australia Catholic University, Melbourne, NSW, Australia
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Earhart ML, Blanchard TS, Harman AA, Schulte PM. Hypoxia and High Temperature as Interacting Stressors: Will Plasticity Promote Resilience of Fishes in a Changing World? THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2022; 243:149-170. [PMID: 36548973 DOI: 10.1086/722115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
AbstractDetermining the resilience of a species or population to climate change stressors is an important but difficult task because resilience can be affected both by genetically based variation and by various types of phenotypic plasticity. In addition, most of what is known about organismal responses is for single stressors in isolation, but environmental change involves multiple environmental factors acting in combination. Here, our goal is to summarize what is known about phenotypic plasticity in fishes in response to high temperature and low oxygen (hypoxia) in combination across multiple timescales, to ask how much resilience plasticity may provide in the face of climate change. There are relatively few studies investigating plasticity in response to these environmental stressors in combination; but the available data suggest that although fish have some capacity to adjust their phenotype and compensate for the negative effects of acute exposure to high temperature and hypoxia through acclimation or developmental plasticity, compensation is generally only partial. There is very little known about intergenerational and transgenerational effects, although studies on each stressor in isolation suggest that both positive and negative impacts may occur. Overall, the capacity for phenotypic plasticity in response to these two stressors is highly variable among species and extremely dependent on the specific context of the experiment, including the extent and timing of stressor exposure. This variability in the nature and extent of plasticity suggests that existing phenotypic plasticity is unlikely to adequately buffer fishes against the combined stressors of high temperature and hypoxia as our climate warms.
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Yoon GR, Bugg WS, Fehrmann F, Yusishen ME, Suh M, Anderson WG. Long-term effects of temperature during early life on growth and fatty acid metabolism in age-0 Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens). J Therm Biol 2022; 105:103210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Martínez-Bautista G, Martínez-Burguete T, Peña-Marín ES, Jiménez-Martínez LD, Martínez-García R, Camarillo-Coop S, Burggren WW, Álvarez-González CA. Hypoxia- and hyperoxia-related gene expression dynamics during developmental critical windows of the tropical gar Atractosteus tropicus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 263:111093. [PMID: 34626804 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic hypoxia is both a naturally-occurring and anthropogenically-generated event. Fish species have evolved different adaptations to cope with hypoxic environments, including gill modifications and air breathing. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in the respiration of embryonic and larval fishes during critical windows of development. We assessed expression of the genes hif-1α, fih-1, nhe1, epo, gr and il8 using the developing tropical gar as a piscine model during three developmental periods (fertilization to hatch, 1 to 6 days post hatch (dph) and 7 to 12 dph) when exposed to normoxia (~7.43 mg/L DO), hypoxia (~2.5 mg/L DO) or hyperoxia (~9.15 mg/L DO). All genes had higher expression when fish were exposed to either hypoxia or hyperoxia during the first two developmental periods. However, fish continuously exposed to hypoxia had increased expression of the six genes by hatching and 6 dph, and by 12 dph only hif-1α still had increased expression. The middle developmental period was the most hypoxia-sensitive, coinciding with several changes in physiology and morphology. The oldest larvae were the most resilient to gene expression change, with little variation in expression of the six genes compared. This study is the first to relate the molecular response of an air-breathing fish to oxygen availability to developmental critical windows and contributes to our understanding of some molecular responses of developing fish to changes in oxygen availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Martínez-Bautista
- Laboratorio de Acuacultura Tropical, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico; Developmental Physiology Laboratory, Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States.
| | - Talhia Martínez-Burguete
- Laboratorio de Acuacultura Tropical, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Emyr Saul Peña-Marín
- Laboratorio de Acuacultura Tropical, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Luis Daniel Jiménez-Martínez
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Rafael Martínez-García
- Laboratorio de Acuacultura Tropical, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Susana Camarillo-Coop
- Laboratorio de Acuacultura Tropical, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Warren W Burggren
- Developmental Physiology Laboratory, Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Carlos Alfonso Álvarez-González
- Laboratorio de Acuacultura Tropical, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico.
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Kidess E, Kleerebezem M, Brugman S. Colonizing Microbes, IL-10 and IL-22: Keeping the Peace at the Mucosal Surface. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:729053. [PMID: 34603258 PMCID: PMC8484919 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.729053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our world is filled with microbes. Each multicellular organism has developed ways to interact with this microbial environment. Microbes do not always pose a threat; they can contribute to many processes that benefit the host. Upon colonization both host and microbes adapt resulting in dynamic ecosystems in different host niches. Regulatory processes develop within the host to prevent overt inflammation to beneficial microbes, yet keeping the possibility to respond when pathogens attempt to adhere and invade tissues. This review will focus on microbial colonization and the early (innate) host immune response, with special emphasis on the microbiota-modifying roles of IL-10 and IL-22 in the intestine. IL-10 knock out mice show an altered microbial composition, and spontaneously develop enterocolitis over time. IL-22 knock out mice, although not developing enterocolitis spontaneously, also have an altered microbial composition and increase of epithelial-adherent bacteria, mainly caused by a decrease in mucin and anti-microbial peptide production. Recently interesting links have been found between the IL-10 and IL-22 pathways. While IL-22 can function as a regulatory cytokine at the mucosal surface, it also has inflammatory roles depending on the context. For example, lack of IL-22 in the IL-10–/– mice model prevents spontaneous colitis development. Additionally, the reduced microbial diversity observed in IL-10–/– mice was also reversed in IL-10/IL-22 double mutant mice (Gunasekera et al., 2020). Since in early life, host immunity develops in parallel and in interaction with colonizing microbes, there is a need for future studies that focus on the effect of the timing of colonization in relation to the developmental phase of the host. To illustrate this, examples from zebrafish research will be compared with studies performed in mammals. Since zebrafish develop from eggs and are directly exposed to the outside microbial world, timing of the development of host immunity and subsequent control of microbial composition, is different from mammals that develop in utero and only get exposed after birth. Likewise, colonization studies using adult germfree mice might yield different results from those using neonatal germfree mice. Lastly, special emphasis will be given to the need for host genotype and environmental (co-housing) control of experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Kidess
- Animal Sciences Group, Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- Animal Sciences Group, Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Brugman
- Animal Sciences Group, Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Burggren W. Developmental Physiology: Grand Challenges. Front Physiol 2021; 12:706061. [PMID: 34177630 PMCID: PMC8225327 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.706061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Warren Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
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28
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McPherson CB. Examining developmental plasticity in the skeletal system through a sensitive developmental windows framework. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 176:163-178. [PMID: 34105143 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Developmental plasticity facilitates energetically costly but potentially fitness-enhancing adjustments to phenotypic trajectories in response to environmental stressors, and thus may significantly impact patterns of growth, morbidity, and mortality over the life course. Ongoing research into epigenetics and developmental biology indicate that the timing of stress exposures is a key factor when assessing their impact on developmental processes. Specifically, stress experienced within sensitive developmental windows (SDWs), discrete developmental periods characterized by heightened energy requirements and rapid growth, may alter the pace and tempo of growth in ways that significantly influence phenotypic development over both the short and long term. In human skeletal biology, efforts to assess how developmental environments shape health outcomes over the life course could be enhanced by incorporating the SDW concept into existing methodological approaches. The goal of this article is to outline an interpretive framework for identifying and interpreting evidence of developmental stress in the skeletal system using the SDW concept. This framework provides guidance for the identification of elements most likely to capture evidence of stress most relevant to a study's core research questions, the interpretation of developmental stress exhibited by those elements, and the relationship of skeletal indicators of stress to the demographic patterning of morbidity and mortality. Use of the SDW concept in skeletal biology has the potential to enrich traditional approaches to addressing developmental origins of health and disease hypotheses, by targeting periods in which individuals are most susceptible to stress and thus most likely to exhibit plasticity in response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cait B McPherson
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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29
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Saavedra LPJ, Prates KV, Gonçalves GD, Piovan S, Matafome P, Mathias PCDF. COVID-19 During Development: A Matter of Concern. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:659032. [PMID: 33898461 PMCID: PMC8058409 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.659032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A new infectious disease, COVID-19, has spread around the world. The most common symptoms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are cough and fever, but severe cases can develop acute respiratory distress syndrome. The main receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in human tissue is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and the lungs, heart, and kidneys are the most affected organs. Besides the inflammatory process and tissue damage, the presence of a cytokine "storm" has been related to a higher mortality rate. Other infectious viral diseases, such as Zika, chikungunya, and influenza, were associated with complications in pregnant women, such as growth restriction, malformation, preterm birth, low birth weight, miscarriage, and death, although they can also cause developmental disorders in infants and adolescents. Evidence points out that stressors during pregnancy and infancy may lead to the development of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we hypothesize that COVID-19 infection during the critical phases of development can program the individual to chronic diseases in adulthood. It is important that COVID-19 patients receive proper monitoring as a way to avoid expensive costs to public health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Paulo Jacinto Saavedra
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Kelly Valério Prates
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Gessica Dutra Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Silvano Piovan
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Paulo Matafome
- Institute of Physiology and Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Health School, ESTeSC, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
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de Figueiredo CS, Sandre PC, Portugal LCL, Mázala-de-Oliveira T, da Silva Chagas L, Raony Í, Ferreira ES, Giestal-de-Araujo E, Dos Santos AA, Bomfim POS. COVID-19 pandemic impact on children and adolescents' mental health: Biological, environmental, and social factors. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110171. [PMID: 33186638 PMCID: PMC7657035 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was announced, we had an unprecedented change in the way we organize ourselves socially and in our daily routine. Children and adolescents were also greatly impacted by the abrupt withdrawal from school, social life and outdoor activities. Some of them also experienced domestic violence growing. The stress they are subjected to directly impacts their mental health on account of increased anxiety, changes in their diets and in school dynamics, fear or even failing to scale the problem. Our aim is to bring up a discussion under different aspects and to alert public health and government agents about the need for surveillance and care of these individuals. We hope that the damage to their mental health as a result of the side effect of this pandemic can be mitigated by adequate and timely intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Saggioro de Figueiredo
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Poliana Capucho Sandre
- NuPEDEN, Nucleus for Research, Education, Dissemination and Neurosciences Popularization, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil; Thymus Research Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Liana Catarina Lima Portugal
- NuPEDEN, Nucleus for Research, Education, Dissemination and Neurosciences Popularization, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Behavior, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil
| | - Thalita Mázala-de-Oliveira
- NuPEDEN, Nucleus for Research, Education, Dissemination and Neurosciences Popularization, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Luana da Silva Chagas
- NuPEDEN, Nucleus for Research, Education, Dissemination and Neurosciences Popularization, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil; Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Ícaro Raony
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil; School of Medicine, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24033-900, Brazil
| | - Elenn Soares Ferreira
- NuPEDEN, Nucleus for Research, Education, Dissemination and Neurosciences Popularization, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Giestal-de-Araujo
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation - INCT-NIM, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Aline Araujo Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory of Neurochemical Interactions, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Oliveira-Silva Bomfim
- NuPEDEN, Nucleus for Research, Education, Dissemination and Neurosciences Popularization, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil; Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation - INCT-NIM, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; Rio de Janeiro Neuroinflammation Research Network, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
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Survival, Growth, and Development in the Early Stages of the Tropical Gar Atractosteus tropicus: Developmental Critical Windows and the Influence of Temperature, Salinity, and Oxygen Availability. FISHES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes6010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in fish developmental trajectories occur in response to genetic and environmental changes, especially during sensitive periods of development (critical windows). Embryos and larvae of Atractosteus tropicus were used as a model to study fish survival, growth, and development as a function of temperature (28 °C control, 33 °C, and 36 °C), salinity (0.0 ppt control, 4.0 ppt, and 6.0 ppt), and air saturation (control ~95% air saturation, hypoxia ~30% air saturation, and hyperoxia ~117% air saturation) during three developmental periods: (1) fertilization to hatch, (2) day 1 to day 6 post hatch (dph), and (3) 7 to 12 dph. Elevated temperature, hypoxia, and hyperoxia decreased survival during incubation, and salinity at 2 and 3 dph. Growth increased in embryos incubated at elevated temperature, at higher salinity, and in hyperoxia but decreased in hypoxia. Changes in development occurred as alterations in the timing of hatching, yolk depletion, acceptance of exogenous feeding, free swimming, and snout shape change, especially at high temperature and hypoxia. Our results suggest identifiable critical windows of development in the early ontogeny of A. tropicus and contribute to the knowledge of fish larval ecology and the interactions of individuals × stressors × time of exposure.
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Acceptance of a Nordic, Protein-Reduced Diet for Young Children during Complementary Feeding-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020275. [PMID: 33573094 PMCID: PMC7911089 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life is critical for developing healthy eating patterns. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a Nordic, protein-reduced complementary diet (ND) compared to a diet following the current Swedish dietary guidelines on eating patterns and food acceptance. At 4–6 months (mo) of age infants were randomized to a Nordic group (NG, n = 41) or a Conventional group (CG, n = 40), and followed until 18 mo of age. Daily intake of fruits and vegetables (mean ± sd) at 12 mo was significantly higher in the NG compared to the CG: 341 ± 108 g/day vs. 220 ± 76 g/day (p < 0.001), respectively. From 12 to 18 mo, fruit and vegetable intake decreased, but the NG still consumed 32% more compared to the CG: 254 ± 99 g/day vs. 193 ± 67 g/day (p = 0.004). To assess food acceptance, both groups were tested with home exposure meals at 12 and 18 mo. No group differences in acceptance were found. We find that a ND with parental education initiates healthy eating patterns during infancy, but that the exposure meal used in the present study was insufficient to detect major differences in food acceptance. This is most likely explained by the preparation of the meal. Nordic produce offers high environmental sustainability and favorable taste composition to establish healthy food preferences during this sensitive period of early life.
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Ratsika A, Codagnone MC, O’Mahony S, Stanton C, Cryan JF. Priming for Life: Early Life Nutrition and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Nutrients 2021; 13:423. [PMID: 33525617 PMCID: PMC7912058 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes colonize the human body during the first moments of life and coexist with the host throughout the lifespan. Intestinal microbiota and their metabolites aid in the programming of important bodily systems such as the immune and the central nervous system during critical temporal windows of development, with possible structural and functional implications throughout the lifespan. These critical developmental windows perinatally (during the first 1000 days) are susceptible timepoints for insults that can endure long lasting effects on the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Environmental and parental factors like host genetics, mental health, nutrition, delivery and feeding mode, exposure to antibiotics, immune activation and microbiota composition antenatally, are all factors that are able to modulate the microbiota composition of mother and infant and may thus regulate important bodily functions. Among all these factors, early life nutrition plays a pivotal role in perinatal programming and in the modulation of offspring microbiota from birth throughout lifespan. This review aims to present current data on the impact of early life nutrition and microbiota priming of important bodily systems and all the factors influencing the microbial coexistence with the host during early life development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ratsika
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland; (A.R.); (M.C.C.); (S.O.); (C.S.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Martin C. Codagnone
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland; (A.R.); (M.C.C.); (S.O.); (C.S.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Siobhain O’Mahony
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland; (A.R.); (M.C.C.); (S.O.); (C.S.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland; (A.R.); (M.C.C.); (S.O.); (C.S.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy P61 C996, Ireland
| | - John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland; (A.R.); (M.C.C.); (S.O.); (C.S.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
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Hoover MM, Marks C. Short communication: Context matters: Adult size is contingent on embryonic temperature in Drosophila melanogaster. J Therm Biol 2020; 95:102820. [PMID: 33454028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Temperature is a critical factor in shaping ectothermic development. Developmental temperature may constrain, alter, or redirect phenotypes expressed later in life. Recent studies have begun to analyze the consequences of mismatches between developmental and adult environments. Few studies analyze the consequences environmental mismatches during development yield on adult phenotypes. The aim of this study was to determine how mismatched temperatures during development affect adult size in Drosophila melanogaster. We employed a full factorial design in which eggs were incubated for 24 h in one of two temperature treatments (18 °C or 28 °C) with half of the flies subsequently being switched to the opposite temperature treatment for the remainder of development. We measured body size shortly after eclosure. We found that variation in size after eclosure was contingent upon the temperature during the embryo stage. Flies reared initially in 18 °C eclosed larger regardless of the subsequent temperature until eclsoure. Flies reared initially in 28 °C, however, eclosed smaller only if they remained in 28 °C until eclosure. The degree of plasticity in size was therefore contingent upon temperature during the embryo stage. We discuss the implications of employing full factorial approaches to consider the full context of phenotypic outcomes in light of changing developmental environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Hoover
- Department of Biology, University of Mount Union, Alliance, OH, USA.
| | - Christopher Marks
- Department of Biology, University of Mount Union, Alliance, OH, USA.
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35
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Melendez CL, Mueller CA. Effect of increased embryonic temperature during developmental windows on survival, morphology and oxygen consumption of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 252:110834. [PMID: 33152473 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Temperature is a crucial environmental factor that influences physiological functions in fishes, and increased temperature during development can shape an organism's phenotype. An active line of inquiry in comparative developmental physiology is whether short-term exposure to thermal changes have lasting phenotypic effects. This is the first study to apply a developmental 3-dimensional critical window experimental design for a vertebrate, using time, temperature, and phenotypic response (i.e., variables measured). Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are an anadromous species for which resident populations occupy freshwater environments that are likely impacted by variable and rising temperatures, particularly during embryonic development. To assess thermal effects on fish development, we examined trout hatchling phenotypes following rearing in constant temperatures (5, 10, 15 and 17.5 °C) and following exposure to increased temperature above 5 °C during specific developmental windows. Time to 50% hatch, hatchling mass and body length showed general trends of decreasing with increasing constant temperature, and survival was highest in constant 10 °C incubation. Thermally shifting embryos into 17.5 °C during gastrulation and organogenesis reduced survival at hatch compared to 10 °C, and exposure to 15 and 17.5 °C only late in development produced lighter and shorter hatchlings. Oxygen consumption rate (V̇o2) at organogenesis differed between embryos incubated constantly in increased temperature or exposed only during organogenesis, but generally we found limited temperature effects on V̇o2 that may be due to high data variability. Collectively, these results suggest that survival of rainbow trout hatchlings is most sensitive to 17.5 °C exposure during gastrulation and organogenesis, while warm water exposure later in development has greater impacts on morphology. Thus, trait-specific critical windows of thermal sensitivity exist for rainbow trout embryos that alter the hatching phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Melendez
- Developmental Integrative Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Casey A Mueller
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, United States.
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36
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Lemarchand L, Canault M, Kern S. L’introduction des textures dans la période de diversification alimentaire en France. ENFANCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3917/enf2.204.0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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37
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Dahlke F, Lucassen M, Bickmeyer U, Wohlrab S, Puvanendran V, Mortensen A, Chierici M, Pörtner HO, Storch D. Fish embryo vulnerability to combined acidification and warming coincides with a low capacity for homeostatic regulation. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb212589. [PMID: 32366687 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.212589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The vulnerability of fish embryos and larvae to environmental factors is often attributed to a lack of adult-like organ systems (gills) and thus insufficient homeostatic capacity. However, experimental data supporting this hypothesis are scarce. Here, by using Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) as a model, the relationship between embryo vulnerability (to projected ocean acidification and warming) and homeostatic capacity was explored through parallel analyses of stage-specific mortality and in vitro activity and expression of major ion pumps (ATP-synthase, Na+/K+-ATPase, H+-ATPase) and co-transporters (NBC1, NKCC1). Immunolocalization of these transporters was used to study ionocyte morphology in newly hatched larvae. Treatment-related embryo mortality until hatching (+20% due to acidification and warming) occurred primarily during an early period (gastrulation) characterized by extremely low ion transport capacity. Thereafter, embryo mortality decreased in parallel with an exponential increase in activity and expression of all investigated ion transporters. Significant changes in transporter activity and expression in response to acidification (+15% activity) and warming (-30% expression) indicate some potential for short-term acclimatization, although this is probably associated with energetic trade-offs. Interestingly, whole-larvae enzyme activity (supported by abundant epidermal ionocytes) reached levels similar to those previously measured in gill tissue of adult cod, suggesting that early-life stages without functional gills are better equipped in terms of ion homeostasis than previously thought. This study implies that the gastrulation period represents a critical transition from inherited (maternal) defenses to active homeostatic regulation, which facilitates enhanced resilience of later stages to environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flemming Dahlke
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- University of Bremen, NW 2 Leobener Str., 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Magnus Lucassen
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ulf Bickmeyer
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Sylke Wohlrab
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, Ammerländer Heersstraße 231, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Hans-Otto Pörtner
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- University of Bremen, NW 2 Leobener Str., 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Daniela Storch
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
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Nord A, Giroud S. Lifelong Effects of Thermal Challenges During Development in Birds and Mammals. Front Physiol 2020; 11:419. [PMID: 32523540 PMCID: PMC7261927 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Before they develop competent endothermy, mammals and birds are sensitive to fluctuating temperature. It follows that early life thermal environment can trigger changes to the ontogeny of thermoregulatory control. At the ecological level, we have incomplete knowledge of how such responses affect temperature tolerance later in life. In some cases, changes to pre- and postnatal temperature prime an organism's capacity to meet a corresponding thermal environment in adulthood. However, in other cases, developmental temperature seems to constrain temperature tolerance later in life. The timing, duration, and severity of a thermal challenge will determine whether its impact is ameliorating or constraining. However, the effects influencing the transition between these states remain poorly understood, particularly in mammals and during the postnatal period. As climate change is predicted to bring more frequent spells of extreme temperature, it is relevant to ask under which circumstances developmental thermal conditions predispose or constrain animals' capacity to deal with temperature variation. Increasingly stochastic weather also implies increasingly decoupled early- and late-life thermal environments. Hence, there is a pressing need to understand better how developmental temperature impacts thermoregulatory responses to matched and mismatched thermal challenges in subsequent life stages. Here, we summarize studies on how the thermal environment before, and shortly after, birth affects the ontogeny of thermoregulation in birds and mammals, and outline how this might carry over to temperature tolerance in adulthood. We also identify key points that need addressing to understand how effects of temperature variation during development may facilitate or constrain thermal adaptation over a lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Nord
- Section for Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sylvain Giroud
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Frankenhuis WE, Nettle D, Dall SRX. A case for environmental statistics of early-life effects. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 374:20180110. [PMID: 30966883 PMCID: PMC6460088 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is enduring debate over the question of which early-life effects are adaptive and which ones are not. Mathematical modelling shows that early-life effects can be adaptive in environments that have particular statistical properties, such as reliable cues to current conditions and high autocorrelation of environmental states. However, few empirical studies have measured these properties, leading to an impasse. Progress, therefore, depends on research that quantifies cue reliability and autocorrelation of environmental parameters in real environments. These statistics may be different for social and non-social aspects of the environment. In this paper, we summarize evolutionary models of early-life effects. Then, we discuss empirical data on environmental statistics from a range of disciplines. We highlight cases where data on environmental statistics have been used to test competing explanations of early-life effects. We conclude by providing guidelines for new data collection and reflections on future directions. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Developing differences: early-life effects and evolutionary medicine'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem E Frankenhuis
- 1 Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University , Nijmegen 6500 HE , The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Nettle
- 2 Centre for Behaviour and Evolution and Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , UK
| | - Sasha R X Dall
- 3 Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter , Penryn TR10 9FE , UK
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40
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Horzmann KA, Portales AM, Batcho KG, Freeman JL. Developmental toxicity of trichloroethylene in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:728-739. [PMID: 31989135 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00565j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE), an industrial solvent and degreaser, is an environmental toxicant that contaminates over half of Superfund sites, is a known carcinogen, and is linked to congenital defects and neurodegenerative disease. The developmental toxicity of TCE near ecologically relevant levels needs further characterization in order to better assess health risks of exposure. In this study, the toxicodynamics of TCE in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model was investigated through the establishment of a LC50 concentration and by monitoring the acute developmental toxicity of ecologically relevant concentrations (0, 5, 50, and 500 parts per billion; ppb) of TCE during two different exposure lengths (1-72 hours post fertilization (hpf) and 1-120 hpf). Acute developmental toxicity was assessed by monitoring survival and hatching, larval morphology, larval heart rate, and behavioral responses during an embryonic photomotor response test and a larval visual motor response test. Embryonic exposure to TCE was associated with decreased percent hatch at 48 hpf, altered larval morphology, increased heart rate, and altered behavioral responses during the photomotor response test and visual motor response test. Larval morphology and behavioral alterations were more pronounced in the 1-120 hpf exposure length trials. The observed alterations suggest developmental TCE toxicity is still a concern at regulatory concentrations and that timing of exposure influences developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine A Horzmann
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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41
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Damsgaard C, Baliga VB, Bates E, Burggren W, McKenzie DJ, Taylor E, Wright PA. Evolutionary and cardio-respiratory physiology of air-breathing and amphibious fishes. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13406. [PMID: 31630483 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Air-breathing and amphibious fishes are essential study organisms to shed insight into the required physiological shifts that supported the full transition from aquatic water-breathing fishes to terrestrial air-breathing tetrapods. While the origin of air-breathing in the evolutionary history of the tetrapods has received considerable focus, much less is known about the evolutionary physiology of air-breathing among fishes. This review summarizes recent advances within the field with specific emphasis on the cardiorespiratory regulation associated with air-breathing and terrestrial excursions, and how respiratory physiology of these living transitional forms are affected by development and personality. Finally, we provide a detailed and re-evaluated model of the evolution of air-breathing among fishes that serves as a framework for addressing new questions on the cardiorespiratory changes associated with it. This review highlights the importance of combining detailed studies on piscine air-breathing model species with comparative multi-species studies, to add an additional dimension to our understanding of the evolutionary physiology of air-breathing in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vikram B. Baliga
- Department of Zoology University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Eric Bates
- Derailleur Interactive Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Warren Burggren
- Department of Biological Sciences University of North Texas Denton TX USA
| | - David J. McKenzie
- UMR Marbec, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer Université Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Edwin Taylor
- School of Biosciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
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42
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Early Programming of Adult Systemic Essential Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041203. [PMID: 32054074 PMCID: PMC7072742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are being included in the study of developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) and essential systemic hypertension has also been added to this field. Epigenetic modifications are one of the main mechanisms leading to early programming of disease. Different environmental factors occurring during critical windows in the early stages of life may leave epigenetic cues, which may be involved in the programming of hypertension when individuals reach adulthood. Such environmental factors include pre-term birth, low weight at birth, altered programming of different organs such as the blood vessels and the kidney, and living in disadvantageous conditions in the programming of hypertension. Mechanisms behind these factors that impact on the programming include undernutrition, oxidative stress, inflammation, emotional stress, and changes in the microbiota. These factors and their underlying causes acting at the vascular level will be discussed in this paper. We also explore the establishment of epigenetic cues that may lead to hypertension at the vascular level such as DNA methylation, histone modifications (methylation and acetylation), and the role of microRNAs in the endothelial cells and blood vessel smooth muscle which participate in hypertension. Since epigenetic changes are reversible, the knowledge of this type of markers could be useful in the field of prevention, diagnosis or epigenetic drugs as a therapeutic approach to hypertension.
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43
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Burggren WW. Phenotypic Switching Resulting From Developmental Plasticity: Fixed or Reversible? Front Physiol 2020; 10:1634. [PMID: 32038303 PMCID: PMC6987144 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalent view of developmental phenotypic switching holds that phenotype modifications occurring during critical windows of development are "irreversible" - that is, once produced by environmental perturbation, the consequent juvenile and/or adult phenotypes are indelibly modified. Certainly, many such changes appear to be non-reversible later in life. Yet, whether animals with switched phenotypes during early development are unable to return to a normal range of adult phenotypes, or whether they do not experience the specific environmental conditions necessary for them to switch back to the normal range of adult phenotypes, remains an open question. Moreover, developmental critical windows are typically brief, early periods punctuating a much longer period of overall development. This leaves open additional developmental time for reversal (correction) of a switched phenotype resulting from an adverse environment early in development. Such reversal could occur from right after the critical window "closes," all the way into adulthood. In fact, examples abound of the capacity to return to normal adult phenotypes following phenotypic changes enabled by earlier developmental plasticity. Such examples include cold tolerance in the fruit fly, developmental switching of mouth formation in a nematode, organization of the spinal cord of larval zebrafish, camouflage pigmentation formation in larval newts, respiratory chemosensitivity in frogs, temperature-metabolism relations in turtles, development of vascular smooth muscle and kidney tissue in mammals, hatching/birth weight in numerous vertebrates,. More extreme cases of actual reversal (not just correction) occur in invertebrates (e.g., hydrozoans, barnacles) that actually 'backtrack' along normal developmental trajectories from adults back to earlier developmental stages. While developmental phenotypic switching is often viewed as a permanent deviation from the normal range of developmental plans, the concept of developmental phenotypic switching should be expanded to include sufficient plasticity allowing subsequent correction resulting in the normal adult phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren W. Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
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44
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Leemans M, Couderq S, Demeneix B, Fini JB. Pesticides With Potential Thyroid Hormone-Disrupting Effects: A Review of Recent Data. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:743. [PMID: 31920955 PMCID: PMC6915086 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant Protection Products, more commonly referred to as pesticides and biocides, are used to control a wide range of yield-reducing pests including insects, fungi, nematodes, and weeds. Concern has been raised that some pesticides may act as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with the potential to interfere with the hormone systems of non-target invertebrates and vertebrates, including humans. EDCs act at low doses and particularly vulnerable periods of exposure include pre- and perinatal development. Of critical concern is the number of pesticides with the potential to interfere with the developing nervous system and brain, notably with thyroid hormone signaling. Across vertebrates, thyroid hormone orchestrates metamorphosis, brain development, and metabolism. Pesticide action on thyroid homeostasis can involve interference with TH production and its control, displacement from distributor proteins and liver metabolism. Here we focused on thyroid endpoints for each of the different classes of pesticides reviewing epidemiological and experimental studies carried out both in in vivo and in vitro. We conclude first, that many pesticides were placed on the market with insufficient testing, other than acute or chronic toxicity, and second, that thyroid-specific endpoints for neurodevelopmental effects and mixture assessment are largely absent from regulatory directives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Leemans
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7221, Laboratoire Physiologie moléculaire de l'adaptation, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7221, Laboratoire Physiologie moléculaire de l'adaptation, Paris, France
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45
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Pasparakis C, Esbaugh AJ, Burggren W, Grosell M. Impacts of deepwater horizon oil on fish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 224:108558. [PMID: 31202903 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An explosion on the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil rig in 2010 lead to the largest marine oil spill to occur in US history, resulting in significant impacts to the ecosystems and organisms in the Northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM). The present review sought to summarize and discuss findings from the 50+ peer-reviewed publications reporting effects of DWH oil exposure on teleost fish, and concludes that oil toxicity is a multi-target, multi-organ syndrome with substantial species-specific sensitivity differences. Of the 15 species tested with characterized exposures, 20% show effects at concentrations <1 μg l-1 while 50% display effects at <8.6 μg l-1 ΣPAH50, concentrations well within the range of reported environmental levels during the spill. Cardiotoxic effects are among the most frequently reported endpoints in DWH oil exposure studies and are thought to have significant downstream effects on fitness and survival. However, additional and possibly cardio-toxic independent impacts on sensory function and behavior are reported at very low exposure concentrations (< 1 μg l-1 ∑PAH50) and are clearly deserving of further study. Available information about modes of action leading to different categories of effects are summarized in the present review. An overview of the literature illustrates that early life stages (ELS) are approximately 1-order of magnitude more sensitive than corresponding later life stages, but also illustrates that adults can be impacted at concentrations as low as 4 μg l-1 ΣPAH50. The majority of studies exploring DWH oil toxicity in fish are performed using acute exposures (1-2 days), mid-range test temperatures (26-28 °C) and measure effects at the molecular to organismal levels, leaving a pressing need for more long-term exposures, exposures at the upper and lower levels of GoM relevant temperatures, and studies investigating population level impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Pasparakis
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Fl, USA.
| | - Andrew J Esbaugh
- Department of Marine Science, University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX, USA
| | - Warren Burggren
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Fl, USA
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46
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Spinks RK, Munday PL, Donelson JM. Developmental effects of heatwave conditions on the early life stages of a coral reef fish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:222/16/jeb202713. [PMID: 31444281 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.202713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Marine heatwaves, which are increasing in frequency, duration and intensity owing to climate change, are an imminent threat to marine ecosystems. On coral reefs, heatwave conditions often coincide with periods of peak recruitment of juvenile fishes and exposure to elevated temperature may affect their development. However, whether differences in the duration of high temperature exposure have effects on individual performance is unknown. We exposed juvenile spiny damselfish, Acanthochromis polyacanthus, to increasing lengths of time (3, 7, 30 and 108 days post-hatching) of elevated temperature (+2°C). After 108 days, we measured escape performance at present-day control and elevated temperatures, standard length, mass and critical thermal maximum. Using a Bayesian approach, we show that 30 days or more exposure to +2°C leads to improved escape performance, irrespective of performance temperature, possibly owing to developmental effects of high temperature on muscle development and/or anaerobic metabolism. Continued exposure to elevated temperature for 108 days caused a reduction in body size compared with the control, but not in fish exposed to high temperature for 30 days or less. By contrast, exposure to elevated temperatures for any length of time had no effect on critical thermal maximum, which, combined with previous work, suggests a short-term physiological constraint of ∼37°C in this species. Our study shows that extended exposure to increased temperature can affect the development of juvenile fishes, with potential immediate and future consequences for individual performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Spinks
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook Drive, Douglas 4814, James Cook University, QLD, Australia
| | - Philip L Munday
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook Drive, Douglas 4814, James Cook University, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Donelson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook Drive, Douglas 4814, James Cook University, QLD, Australia
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Cavieres G, Alruiz JM, Medina NR, Bogdanovich JM, Bozinovic F. Transgenerational and within-generation plasticity shape thermal performance curves. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:2072-2082. [PMID: 30847093 PMCID: PMC6392392 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal performance curves (TPCs) compute the effects of temperature on the performance of ectotherms and are frequently used to predict the effect of environmental conditions and currently, climate change, on organismal vulnerability and sensitivity. Using Drosophila melanogaster as an animal model, we examined how different thermal environments affected the shape of the performance curve and their parameters. We measured the climbing speed as a measure of locomotor performance in adult flies and tested the ontogenetic and transgenerational effects of thermal environment on TPC shape. Parents and offspring were reared at 28 ± 0ºC (28C), 28 ± 4ºC (28V), and 30 ± 0ºC (30C). We found that both, environmental thermal variability (28V) and high temperature (30C) experienced during early ontogeny shaped the fruit fly TPC sensitivity. Flies reared at variable thermal environments shifted the TPC to the right and increased heat tolerance. Flies held at high and constant temperature exhibited lower maximum performance than flies reared at the variable thermal environment. Furthermore, these effects were extended to the next generation. The parental thermal environment had a significative effect on TPC and its parameters. Indeed, flies reared at 28V whose parents were held at a high and constant temperature (30C) had a lower heat tolerance than F1 of flies reared at 28C or 28V. Also, offspring of flies reared at variable thermal environment (28V) reached the maximum performance at a higher temperature than offspring of flies reared at 28C or 30C. Consequently, since TPC parameters are not fixed, we suggest cautiousness when using TPCs to predict the impact of climate change on natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grisel Cavieres
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Departamento de Ecologia, Facultad de Ciencias BiológicasPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
- CCT‐Mendoza CONICET, Grupo de Investigaciones de la Biodiversidad, CONICETInstituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Zonas ÁridasMendozaArgentina
| | - José M. Alruiz
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Departamento de Ecologia, Facultad de Ciencias BiológicasPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Nadia R. Medina
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Departamento de Ecologia, Facultad de Ciencias BiológicasPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - José M. Bogdanovich
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Departamento de Ecologia, Facultad de Ciencias BiológicasPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Francisco Bozinovic
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Departamento de Ecologia, Facultad de Ciencias BiológicasPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
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Eyck HJ, Buchanan KL, Crino OL, Jessop TS. Effects of developmental stress on animal phenotype and performance: a quantitative review. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1143-1160. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harrison J.F. Eyck
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 75 Pigdons rd; Geelong VIC 3216 Australia
| | - Katherine L. Buchanan
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 75 Pigdons rd; Geelong VIC 3216 Australia
| | - Ondi L. Crino
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 75 Pigdons rd; Geelong VIC 3216 Australia
| | - Tim S. Jessop
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 75 Pigdons rd; Geelong VIC 3216 Australia
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Nilsen E, Smalling KL, Ahrens L, Gros M, Miglioranza KSB, Picó Y, Schoenfuss HL. Critical review: Grand challenges in assessing the adverse effects of contaminants of emerging concern on aquatic food webs. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:46-60. [PMID: 30294805 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Much progress has been made in the past few decades in understanding the sources, transport, fate, and biological effects of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in aquatic ecosystems. Despite these advancements, significant obstacles still prevent comprehensive assessments of the environmental risks associated with the presence of CECs. Many of these obstacles center around the extrapolation of effects of single chemicals observed in the laboratory or effects found in individual organisms or species in the field to impacts of multiple stressors on aquatic food webs. In the present review, we identify 5 challenges that must be addressed to promote studies of CECs from singular exposure events to multispecies aquatic food web interactions. There needs to be: 1) more detailed information on the complexity of mixtures of CECs in the aquatic environment, 2) a greater understanding of the sublethal effects of CECs on a wide range of aquatic organisms, 3) an ascertaining of the biological consequences of variable duration CEC exposures within and across generations in aquatic species, 4) a linkage of multiple stressors with CEC exposure in aquatic systems, and 5) a documenting of the trophic consequences of CEC exposure across aquatic food webs. We examine the current literature to show how these challenges can be addressed to fill knowledge gaps. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:46-60. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nilsen
- US Geological Survey, Oregon Water Science Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kelly L Smalling
- US Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Meritxell Gros
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Catalan Institute for Water Research, Girona, Spain
| | - Karina S B Miglioranza
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Pollution, Mar del Plata University, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Environmental and Food Safety Research Group, Center of Research on Desertification (CIDe), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Heiko L Schoenfuss
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota, USA
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50
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Druyan S, Ruzal M, Shinder D, Haron A. Effects of low oxygen during chorioallantoic membrane development on post-hatch growing performance of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2018. [PMID: 29528458 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prenatal circulatory system is adaptive and capable of plasticity designed for the needs of the growing tissue. When a broiler embryo is faced with hypoxic stress, the process of angiogenesis in tissues begins. Exposure to hypoxic conditions of 17% oxygen during the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) development (E5 to E12) affected the circulatory system and contributed to an increase in the blood oxygen carrying capacity. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of hypoxic exposure during CAM development on post-hatch performance of broilers and to examine whether hypoxic exposure improved sustainability of birds exposed to acute heat stress.Two consecutive trials, with male broilers from each of the incubation treatments-optimal conditions and exposure to hypoxia of 15 or 17% oxygen, for 12 h/day, during CAM development-were conducted. In experiment 1, 60 male chicks from each group were raised in individual cages. In experiment 2, 160 male chicks from each group were raised in 40-chick pens until marketing. On d 35, 20 birds from each group were transferred to individual cages kept at a temperature of 23°C for 72 h, and then birds were exposed to 35°C for 5 hours. Body temperatures were measured at 0, 2, and 5 h of the heat exposure. In both experiments BW, feed intake, and FCR were recorded. At marketing, chicks were slaughtered, and relative weights of breast muscle, abdominal fat pad, heart, and liver were calculated.Hypoxia treatment resulted in a FCR advantage. Food intake was similar in all treatments, but groups exposed to hypoxia grew better than controls until the age of 35 days. Hypoxia-treated groups had higher relative breast, heart, and liver weights than controls. Body temperatures of hypoxia-treated chickens remained lower during heat stress exposure, and their mortality rate was lower as well. Intermittent exposure to moderate hypoxia during CAM development confers advantages to broilers in feed utilization efficiency and in coping with heat stress. It may be considered as a mitigating step in incubation to facilitate broilers in achieving their full growth potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Druyan
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, 68 HaMakkabbim Road, Rishon Le Ziyyon P.O.Box 15159, Israel
| | - M Ruzal
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, 68 HaMakkabbim Road, Rishon Le Ziyyon P.O.Box 15159, Israel
| | - D Shinder
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, 68 HaMakkabbim Road, Rishon Le Ziyyon P.O.Box 15159, Israel
| | - A Haron
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, 68 HaMakkabbim Road, Rishon Le Ziyyon P.O.Box 15159, Israel.,Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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