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Liu T, Yu S, Hu T, Ji W, Cheng X, Lv L, Shi Z. Comprehensive analyses of genome-wide methylation and RNA epigenetics identify prognostic biomarkers, regulating the tumor immune microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154621. [PMID: 37336075 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to identify a signature of immune-regulated molecules and reveal its prognostic role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We downloaded RNA-Sequencing data and DNA methylation data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. GEO2R was used to analyze differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs). we used "factoextra" R package to do the principal component analysis (PCA) of DEmRNAs. "Limma" R package was used to identify DEmRNAs, differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Three R packages "org.Hs.eg.db", "clusterProfiler", "ggplot2″ were used to show enrichment results. Considering about methylation and mutation data, TEK and SOX17 mediated cancer signaling pathways. Through tumor-immune system interactions database (TISIDB) and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), higher methylated and lower expressed TEK may act as a prognostic marker, regulating the tumor immunity in LUAD. Through four databases (MEXPRESS, DNMIVD, MethSurv, Firehose), we further verified the methylation (P = 2.33e-23) and mutation about TEK. A signature of immune-associated TEK to predict survival of LUAD patients was validated. Prognostic, methylation, immune microenvironment analysis showed new light on potential novel therapeutic targets in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuo Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.; Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong, University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, China
| | - Tinghua Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhihong Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China..
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Wang B, Liu L, Wu J, Mao X, Fang Z, Chen Y, Li W. Construction and Verification of a Combined Hypoxia and Immune Index for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:711142. [PMID: 35222525 PMCID: PMC8863964 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.711142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies in humans. Hypoxia-related genes are now recognized as a reflection of poor prognosis in cancer patients with cancer. Meanwhile, immune-related genes play an important role in the occurrence and progression of ccRCC. Nevertheless, reliable prognostic indicators based on hypoxia and immune status have not been well established in ccRCC. The aims of this study were to develop a new gene signature model using bioinformatics and open databases and to validate its prognostic value in ccRCC. The data used for the model structure can be accessed from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Univariate, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify the hypoxia- and immune-related genes associated with prognostic risk, which were used to develop a characteristic model of prognostic risk. Kaplan-Meier and receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses were performed as well as independent prognostic factor analyses and correlation analyses of clinical characteristics in both the training and validation cohorts. In addition, differences in tumor immune cell infiltrates were compared between the high and low risk groups. Overall, 30 hypoxia- and immune-related genes were identified, and five hypoxia- and immune-related genes (EPO, PLAUR, TEK, TGFA, TGFB1) were ultimately selected. Survival analysis showed that the high-risk score on the hypoxia- and immune-related gene signature was significantly associated with adverse survival outcomes. Furthermore, clinical ccRCC samples from our medical center were used to validate the differential expression of the five genes in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). However, more clinical trials are needed to confirm these results, and future experimental studies must verify the potential mechanism behind the predictive value of the hypoxia- and immune-related gene signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lixiao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinting Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaolu Mao
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhen Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenfeng Li,
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Duran CL, Borriello L, Karagiannis GS, Entenberg D, Oktay MH, Condeelis JS. Targeting Tie2 in the Tumor Microenvironment: From Angiogenesis to Dissemination. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225730. [PMID: 34830883 PMCID: PMC8616247 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The dissemination of cancer cells from their original location to distant organs where they grow, a process called metastasis, causes more than 90% of cancer deaths. The identification of the molecular mechanisms of metastasis and the development of anti-metastatic therapies are essential to increase patient survival. In recent years, targeting the tumor microenvironment has become a promising avenue to prevent both tumor growth and metastasis. As the tumor microenvironment contains not only cancer cells but also blood vessels, immune cells, and other non-cancerous cells, it is naïve to think that therapy only affects a single cell type in this complex environment. Here we review the importance, and ways to inhibit the function, of one therapeutic target: the receptor Tie2. Tie2 is a receptor present on the cell surface of several cell types within the tumor microenvironment and regulates tumor angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis to distant organs. Abstract The Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase is expressed in vascular endothelial cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and tumor cells and has been a major focus of research in therapies targeting the tumor microenvironment. The most extensively studied Tie2 ligands are Angiopoietin 1 and 2 (Ang1, Ang2). Ang1 plays a critical role in vessel maturation, endothelial cell migration, and survival. Ang2, depending on the context, may function to disrupt connections between the endothelial cells and perivascular cells, promoting vascular regression. However, in the presence of VEGF-A, Ang2 instead promotes angiogenesis. Tie2-expressing macrophages play a critical role in both tumor angiogenesis and the dissemination of tumor cells from the primary tumor to secondary sites. Therefore, Ang-Tie2 signaling functions as an angiogenic switch during tumor progression and metastasis. Here we review the recent advances and complexities of targeting Tie2 signaling in the tumor microenvironment as a possible anti-angiogenic, and anti-metastatic, therapy and describe its use in combination with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille L. Duran
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (C.L.D.); (L.B.); (D.E.); (M.H.O.)
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Lucia Borriello
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (C.L.D.); (L.B.); (D.E.); (M.H.O.)
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - George S. Karagiannis
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (C.L.D.); (L.B.); (D.E.); (M.H.O.)
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Maja H. Oktay
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (C.L.D.); (L.B.); (D.E.); (M.H.O.)
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Pathology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - John S. Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (C.L.D.); (L.B.); (D.E.); (M.H.O.)
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Surgery, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence:
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Cam M, Charan M, Welker AM, Dravid P, Studebaker AW, Leonard JR, Pierson CR, Nakano I, Beattie CE, Hwang EI, Kambhampati M, Nazarian J, Finlay JL, Cam H. ΔNp73/ETS2 complex drives glioblastoma pathogenesis- targeting downstream mediators by rebastinib prolongs survival in preclinical models of glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:345-356. [PMID: 31763674 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the least successfully treated cancers. It is essential to understand the basic biology of this lethal disease and investigate novel pharmacological targets to treat GBM. The aims of this study were to determine the biological consequences of elevated expression of ΔNp73, an N-terminal truncated isoform of TP73, and to evaluate targeting of its downstream mediators, the angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT1)/tunica interna endothelial cell kinase 2 (Tie2) axis, by using a highly potent, orally available small-molecule inhibitor (rebastinib) in GBM. METHODS ΔNp73 expression was assessed in glioma sphere cultures, xenograft glioblastoma tumors, and glioblastoma patients by western blot, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChiP) and sequential ChIP were performed to determine the interaction between ΔNp73 and E26 transformation-specific (ETS) proto-oncogene 2 (ETS2) proteins. The oncogenic consequences of ΔNp73 expression in glioblastomas were examined by in vitro and in vivo experiments, including orthotopic zebrafish and mouse intracranial-injection models. Effects of rebastinib on growth of established tumors and survival were examined in an intracranial-injection mouse model. RESULTS ΔNp73 upregulates both ANGPT1 and Tie2 transcriptionally through ETS conserved binding sites on the promoters by interacting with ETS2. Elevated expression of ΔNp73 promotes tumor progression by mediating angiogenesis and survival. Therapeutic targeting of downstream ΔNp73 signaling pathways by rebastinib inhibits growth of established tumors and extends survival in preclinical models of glioblastoma. CONCLUSION Aberrant expression of ΔNp73 in GBM promotes tumor progression through autocrine and paracrine signaling dependent on Tie2 activation by ANGPT1. Disruption of this signaling by rebastinib improves tumor response to treatment in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Cam
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Manish Charan
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Alessandra M Welker
- Cancer Center and Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Piyush Dravid
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Adam W Studebaker
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey R Leonard
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christopher R Pierson
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Christine E Beattie
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Eugene I Hwang
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Madhuri Kambhampati
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Javad Nazarian
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Jonathan L Finlay
- Neuro-oncology Program, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Hakan Cam
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Ramadan RA, Ragab W, Assaad RS, Shaaban AE, Fayad AI. Identification of serum biomarker panel to differentiate malignant from benign thyroid nodules using multiplex bead assay. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2020; 32:35. [PMID: 32885338 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-020-00046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The challenging target in the workup of thyroid nodule(s) is to exclude or diagnose thyroid cancer efficiently prior to surgical intervention. The present work studied a panel of eight serum biomarkers to differentiate benign from malignant thyroid nodules, aiming at reducing unnecessary thyroidectomy performed for inconclusive preoperative fine needle aspiration cytology. Serum interleukin-5 (IL-5), interleukin-8 (IL-8), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), angiopietin (Ang1), nonokine induced by interferon gamma (MIG), galectin (Gal-3), and vitamin D-binding protein (VDRP) were quantified by multiplex bead assay using Luminex xMAP technology. The study was conducted on 60 subjects of three groups (20 each; healthy controls, benign thyroid nodule, and malignant thyroid nodule). RESULTS Significant increase of the following biomarkers in the malignant group compared to the benign group was found; IL-8: 29.7 vs 8.75 pg/ml, p < 0.001, EGF: 128.7 vs 6.72 pg/ml, p < 0.001, HGF: 173.2 vs 112.2 pg/ml, p = 0.012, MIG: 776.7 vs 438 pg/ml, p = 0.023, and Ang-1: 95016 vs 33327.5 pg/ml, p = 0.014. No significant differences were detected for IL-5, Gal-3, and VDBP. Serum IL-8 and EGF showed the highest diagnostic performance individually with area under the curve (AUC) 0.849 and 0.848, respectively. The combined biomarker panels of IL-8 and EGF and IL-8, EGF, and MIG have reached a sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 65%, respectively, with a negative predictive value of 92.9%. CONCLUSIONS Serum IL-8 and EGF individually or the combined biomarker panel of IL-8, EGF, and MIG are promising tests that can help to exclude malignancy in thyroid nodule workup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragaa Abdelkader Ramadan
- Chemical Pathology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Wafaa Ragab
- Chemical Pathology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ramy Samir Assaad
- Chemical Pathology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elsayed Shaaban
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira Ibrahim Fayad
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Xu L, Zhang H, Mei M, Du C, Huang X, Li J, Wang Y, Bao S, Zheng H. Phosphorylation of serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 at tyrosine 19 promotes cell proliferation in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3805-3815. [PMID: 30320932 PMCID: PMC6272096 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine/arginine‐rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) has been linked to various human cancers including pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Our previous study has shown that SRSF1 potentially contributes to leukemogenesis; however, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, leukemic cells were isolated from pediatric ALL bone marrow samples, followed by immunoprecipitation assays and mass spectrometry analysis specific to SRSF1. Subcellular localization of the SRSF1 protein and its mutants were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. Cell growth, colony formation, cell apoptosis, and the cell cycle were investigated using stable leukemic cell lines generated with lentivirus‐mediated overexpressed WT or mutant plasmids. Cytotoxicity of the Tie2 kinase inhibitor was also evaluated. Our results showed the phosphorylation of SRSF1 at tyrosine 19 (Tyr‐19) was identified in newly diagnosed ALL samples, but not in complete remission or normal control samples. Compared to the SRSF1 WT cells, the missense mutants of the Tyr‐19 phosphorylation affected the subcellular localization of SRSF1. In addition, the Tyr‐19 phosphorylation of SRSF1 also led to increased cell proliferation and enhanced colony‐forming properties by promoting the cell cycle. Remarkably, we further identified the kinase Tie2 as a potential therapeutic target in leukemia cells. In conclusion, we identify for the first time that the phosphorylation state of SRSF1 is linked to different phases in pediatric ALL. The Tyr‐19 phosphorylation of SRSF1 disrupts its subcellular localization and promotes proliferation in leukemia cells by driving cell‐cycle progression. Inhibitors targeting Tie2 kinase that could catalyze Tyr‐19 phosphorylation of SRSF1 offer a promising therapeutic target for treatment of pediatric ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Mei
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaohao Du
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiahe Huang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shilai Bao
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huyong Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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Kang YE, Kim KS, Park SJ, Jung SN, Chang JW, Yi S, Jung MG, Kim JM, Koo BS. High Expression of Angiopoietin-1 is Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis and Invasiveness of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. World J Surg 2018; 41:3128-3138. [PMID: 28717903 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-017-4111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the expression of angiopoietins in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and the role of angiopoietins as biomarkers predicting the aggressiveness of PTC. METHODS Expression of angiopoietins was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of tumor specimens from patients with PTC. We demonstrated potential correlations between expression of angiopoietins and clinicopathologic features. RESULTS High expression of Ang-1 was positively correlated with a tumor size >1 cm, capsular invasion, extrathyroid extension, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and recurrence (P < 0.05). Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed that high expression of Ang-1 was an independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001, odds ratio [OR] = 62.113) and lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.027, OR 4.405). However, there was no significant correlation between Ang-2 and clinicopathologic features. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Ang-1 can serve as a valuable prognostic biomarker for lymph node metastasis and invasiveness in patients with PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea Eun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jae Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Nam Jung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinae Yi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gyu Jung
- Department of Pathology and Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Department of Pathology and Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-721, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bon Seok Koo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-721, Republic of Korea.
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Ye K, Li J, Li X, Chang S, Zhang Z. Ang1/Tie2 induces cell proliferation and migration in human papillary thyroid carcinoma via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1313-1318. [PMID: 29387247 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The angiopoietin 1 (Ang1)/angiopoietin receptor (Tie2) signaling pathway may have a notable role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. The abnormal expression of angiopoietin 1 and Tie2 has also been reported in various malignant tumors, including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, the role and mechanism of the Ang1/Tie2 pathway in the progression of PTC remains unclear. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to clarify this. Significantly high expression levels of Ang1 and Tie2 were observed in PTC tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, MTT and wound-healing assays revealed that the Ang1-mediated stimulation of human PTC cells resulted in increased proliferation and migration. Conversely, the downregulation of Tie2 levels using short hairpin RNA targeted at Tie2 abrogated the Ang1-mediated effect on cell proliferation and migration. In studying the expression of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt) pathway, the upregulation of Ang1/Tie2 was found to be associated with the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in PTC. In conclusion, the data from the present study indicated that the Ang1/Tie2 induces PTC oncogenesis via the PI3K/Akt pathway, providing novel insights into human PTC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410018, P.R. China
| | - Jindong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410018, P.R. China
| | - Xinying Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410018, P.R. China
| | - Shi Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410018, P.R. China
| | - Zhejia Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410018, P.R. China
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Schneider H, Szabo E, Machado RAC, Broggini-Tenzer A, Walter A, Lobell M, Heldmann D, Süssmeier F, Grünewald S, Weller M. Novel TIE-2 inhibitor BAY-826 displays in vivo efficacy in experimental syngeneic murine glioma models. J Neurochem 2016; 140:170-182. [PMID: 27787897 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling axis in glioblastoma inevitably leads to tumor recurrence and a more aggressive phenotype. Therefore, other angiogenic pathways, like the angiopoietin/tunica interna endothelial cell kinase (TIE) signaling axis, have become additional targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we explored whether targeting the receptor tyrosine kinase TIE-2 using a novel, highly potent, orally available small molecule TIE-2 inhibitor (BAY-826) improves tumor control in syngeneic mouse glioma models. BAY-826 inhibits TIE-2 phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo as demonstrated by suppression of Angiopoietin-1- or Na3 VO4 -induced TIE-2 phosphorylation in glioma cells or extracts of lungs from BAY-826-treated mice. There was a trend toward prolonged survival upon single-agent treatment in two of four models (SMA-497 and SMA-540) and there was a significant survival benefit in one model (SMA-560). Co-treatment with BAY-826 and irradiation was ineffective in one model (SMA-497), but provided synergistic prolongation of survival in another (SMA-560). Decreased vessel densities and increased leukocyte infiltration were observed, but might be independent processes as the effect was also observed in single treatment modalities. These data demonstrate that TIE-2 inhibition may improve tumor response to treatment in highly vascularized tumors such as glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Schneider
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emese Szabo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raquel A C Machado
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angela Broggini-Tenzer
- Laboratory for Molecular Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Walter
- GTRG Oncology II, Drug Discovery, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Lobell
- Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Discovery, Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Dieter Heldmann
- GTRG Oncology II, Drug Discovery, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Süssmeier
- Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Discovery, Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Sylvia Grünewald
- GTRG Oncology II, Drug Discovery, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Weller
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Kitajima D, Kasamatsu A, Nakashima D, Miyamoto I, Kimura Y, Saito T, Suzuki T, Endo-Sakamoto Y, Shiiba M, Tanzawa H, Uzawa K. Tie2 Regulates Tumor Metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas. J Cancer 2016; 7:600-7. [PMID: 27053959 PMCID: PMC4820737 DOI: 10.7150/jca.13820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelial-specific receptor, tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like loops and epidermal growth factor homology domains-2 (Tie2) is a member of the tyrosine kinase family and is ubiquitous in normal tissues; however, little is known about the mechanisms and roles of Tie2 in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). In the current study, we investigated the expression status of Tie2 in OSCCs by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry and the functional mechanisms of Tie2 using its overexpressed OSCC (oeTie2) cells and Tie2 blocking by its antibody. We found that Tie2 expression was down-regulated significantly (p < 0.05) in OSCCs compared with normal counterparts in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, oeTie2 cells showed higher cellular adhesion (p < 0.05) and lower cellular invasion (p < 0.05) compared with control cells; whereas there was similar cellular proliferation in both transfectants. Furthermore, cellular adhesion was inhibited and invasion was activated by Tie2 function-blocking antibody (p < 0.05), indicating that Tie2 directly regulates cellular adhesion and invasion. As expected, among the clinical variables analyzed, Tie2-positivity in patients with OSCC was correlated closely with negative lymph node metastasis. These results suggested for the first time that Tie2 plays an important role in tumor metastasis and may be a potential biomarker for OSCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kitajima
- 1. Department of Oral Science Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasamatsu
- 2. Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Dai Nakashima
- 1. Department of Oral Science Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Isao Miyamoto
- 1. Department of Oral Science Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kimura
- 1. Department of Oral Science Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Saito
- 1. Department of Oral Science Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | | | - Yosuke Endo-Sakamoto
- 2. Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiiba
- 4. Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanzawa
- 1. Department of Oral Science Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;; 2. Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Uzawa
- 1. Department of Oral Science Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;; 2. Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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11
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Chen L, Zeng X, Kleibeuker E, Buffa F, Barberis A, Leek RD, Roxanis I, Zhang W, Worth A, Beech JS, Harris AL, Cai S. Paracrine effect of GTP cyclohydrolase and angiopoietin-1 interaction in stromal fibroblasts on tumor Tie2 activation and breast cancer growth. Oncotarget 2016; 7:9353-67. [PMID: 26814432 PMCID: PMC4891045 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a key role in promoting tumor growth, acting through complex paracrine regulation. GTP cyclohydrolase (GTPCH) expression for tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis in tumor stroma is implicated in angiogenesis and tumor development. However, the clinical significance of GTPCH expression in breast cancer is still elusive and how GTPCH regulates stromal fibroblast and tumor cell communication remains unknown. We found that GTPCH was upregulated in breast CAFs and epithelia, and high GTPCH RNA was significantly correlated with larger high grade tumors and worse prognosis. In cocultures, GTPCH expressing fibroblasts stimulated breast cancer cell proliferation and motility, cancer cell Tie2 phosphorylation and consequent downstream pathway activation. GTPCH interacted with Ang-1 in stromal fibroblasts and enhanced Ang-1 expression and function, which in turn phosphorylated tumor Tie2 and induced cell proliferation. In coimplantation xenografts, GTPCH in fibroblasts enhanced tumor growth, upregulating Ang-1 and alpha-smooth muscle actin mainly in fibroblast-like cells. GTPCH inhibition resulted in the attenuation of tumor growth and angiogenesis. GTPCH/Ang-1 interaction in stromal fibroblasts and activation of Tie2 on breast tumor cells could play an important role in supporting breast cancer growth. GTPCH may be an important mechanism of paracrine tumor growth and hence a target for therapy in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Xin Zeng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- Current address: Xiamen Institute for Diabetes Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Esther Kleibeuker
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Francesca Buffa
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Alessandro Barberis
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Russell D. Leek
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Ioannis Roxanis
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Andrew Worth
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - John S. Beech
- Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Adrian L. Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Shijie Cai
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
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12
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Güveli ME, Duranyildiz D, Karadeniz A, Bilgin E, Serilmez M, Soydinc HO, Yasasever V. Circulating serum levels of angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 in nasopharynx and larynx carcinoma patients. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8979-83. [PMID: 26758427 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the serum levels of angiogenic factors, namely angiopoietins, in nasopharyngeal and laryngeal carcinoma patients. We also aimed to seek the relation of these molecules with tumor grade and their utility as diagnostic biomarkers. We evaluated angiopoietin 1 and 2 levels innasopharynx and larynx cancer patients before treatment. Angiopoietin 2 levels were significantly elevated in larynx carcinoma patients and tended to be elevated in nasopharynx cancer patients compared with healthy controls. However, angiopoietin 1 levels were similar in cancer patients and controls. Angiopoietin 1 levels were significantly higher in nasopharyngeal cancer patients with advanced stages compared to earlier stages. On the other hand, angiopoietin 2 levels were similar in advanced and earlier stage cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elif Bilgin
- Istanbul University Oncology Institute, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Serilmez
- Istanbul University Oncology Institute, Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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Grenga I, Kwilas AR, Donahue RN, Farsaci B, Hodge JW. Inhibition of the angiopoietin/Tie2 axis induces immunogenic modulation, which sensitizes human tumor cells to immune attack. J Immunother Cancer 2015; 3:52. [PMID: 26579226 PMCID: PMC4647578 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-015-0096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The angiopoietin/Tie2 pathway is an attractive target for cancer therapy due to its well-known role in regulating angiogenesis. Trebananib, a recombinant peptide-Fc fusion protein, or peptibody, that binds to angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) and Ang2 to block their interaction with the Tie2 receptor, is under active clinical investigation. We investigated whether suppressing the angiopoietin/Tie2 pathway, using the preclinical version of Trebananib (mL4-3 and L1-7(N)), could increase the sensitivity of human tumor cells to immune-mediated lysis through immunogenic modulation, which would make Trebananib a promising candidate for combination with immunotherapy. METHODS We assessed human carcinoma cells for expression and activation of Ang1 and Ang2 and their receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2. In vitro, we exposed tumor cell lines expressing Tie2 to the peptibodies mL4-3 and L1-7(N), which inhibit the binding of Ang1 and Ang2 to Tie2, and assessed the cells for changes in viability, proliferation, surface phenotype, and sensitivity to attack by antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). RESULTS Suppression of the angiopoietin/Tie2 pathway using mL4-3 and L1-7(N) had no effect on the proliferation or viability of tumor cells. However, these inhibitors markedly altered tumor cell phenotype, rendering tumor cells significantly more sensitive to antigen-specific CTL killing. ICAM-1 was shown to be mechanistically involved in these inhibitors' ability to sensitize tumor cells to immune-mediated attack by functional blocking studies. CONCLUSION Our findings provide a rationale for the combination of agents targeting the angiopoietin/Tie2 pathway with cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Italia Grenga
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Center Drive, Room 8B13 MSC 1750, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Anna R Kwilas
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Center Drive, Room 8B13 MSC 1750, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Renee N Donahue
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Center Drive, Room 8B13 MSC 1750, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Benedetto Farsaci
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Center Drive, Room 8B13 MSC 1750, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - James W Hodge
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Center Drive, Room 8B13 MSC 1750, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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14
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VEGF-D and A Preoperative Serum Levels Predict Nodal and Distant Metastases in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients. World J Surg 2015; 39:1742-9. [PMID: 25670042 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-015-3016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative tumor aggressiveness biomarkers may help surgeons decide the extent of an operation. However, whether serum angiogenetic factors can be used to predict the prognosis of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer is still unclear. METHODS Seventy-six DTC patients were prospectively recruited. Preoperative serum samples were collected and measured for Tie-2, Ang-1, Ang-2, VEGF-A, and VEGF-D levels. The potential correlations between their serum levels and clinicopathologic features as well as their prognoses were analyzed. RESULTS Older age (>45 years old) and higher VEGF-A serum levels were independent predictors of extrathyroidal extension. The VEGF-D serum level was an independent factor for lymph node metastases and VEGF-A was an independent factor for distant metastases. None of these serum angiogenetic factors were significantly different between patients who were disease free and those with recurrences. The presence of lymph node metastases was the only independent factor for recurrence over the 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSION Preoperative serum VEGF-A and VEGF-D levels were significantly elevated in DTC patients with distant and lymph node metastases. These findings, when combined with other clinicopathological factors, may help in surgical decisions.
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Nakajima K, Shibata Y, Hishikawa Y, Suematsu T, Mori M, Fukuhara S, Koji T, Sawase T, Ikeda T. Coexpression of ang1 and tie2 in odontoblasts of mouse developing and mature teeth-a new insight into dentinogenesis. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2014; 47:19-25. [PMID: 24761046 PMCID: PMC3972426 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-1 regulates vascular angiogenesis and stabilization, and is reported to promote bone formation by facilitating angiogenesis. To estimate the role of Ang1 in odontogenesis, we explored the distribution of Ang1 and the receptor, Tie2 in the mouse developing and mature first molar of the mandible. At embryonic day 18, when differentiation of odontoblasts begins, immunosignals for Ang1 were intensely detected in the basement membrane and the distal side, which faced the basement membrane of odontoblasts. In situ hybridization revealed that Ang1 was expressed in odontoblasts and ameloblasts facing the basement membrane. Tie2 was localized in the distal side of odontoblasts. After birth, Ang1 was detected in the predentin, whereas both Ang1 and Tie2 were colocalized in odontoblasts and odontoblast processes. These distributions were retained up to 8 weeks. In contrast to odontoblasts, ameloblasts, cementoblasts and osteoblasts expressed Ang1 but did not express Tie2. Colocalization of Ang1 and Tie2 in odontoblasts and selective expression of Tie2 in odontoblasts among cells responsible for calcified tissue formation suggested the involvement of autocrine signals of Ang1-Tie2 in dentinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Nakajima
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Yasuaki Shibata
- Department of Oral Pathology and Bone Metabolism, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Yoshitaka Hishikawa
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
- Present address: Division of Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
| | - Takashi Suematsu
- Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Masako Mori
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Shigetomo Fukuhara
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
| | - Takehiko Koji
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takashi Sawase
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Tohru Ikeda
- Department of Oral Pathology and Bone Metabolism, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
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16
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Urie BK, Russell DS, Kisseberth WC, London CA. Evaluation of expression and function of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, platelet derived growth factor receptors-alpha and -beta, KIT, and RET in canine apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma and thyroid carcinoma. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:67. [PMID: 22630170 PMCID: PMC3542001 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toceranib phosphate (Palladia) has a reported objective response rate of 25% in both canine apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA) and thyroid carcinoma (TC), with stable disease occurring in an additional 50-60% of dogs. The basis for the observed responses to toceranib is not known. The purpose of this study was to evaluate AGASACA and TC samples for the expression and activation of VEGFR2, PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, KIT and RET to assess whether dysregulation of these receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) may contribute to the biologic activity of toceranib. Results mRNA for VEGFR2, PDGFRα/β, KIT and RET was detected in all AGASACA samples. mRNA for VEGFR2, PDGFRα/β, and KIT was detected in all TC samples, while mRNA for RET was amplified in 10/15 samples. No phosphorylation of VEGFR2, PDGFRα/β, or KIT was observed on the arrays. However, phosphorylation of RET was detected in 54% of the primary AGASACA and 20% of TC. VEGFR2 was expressed in 19/24 primary and 6/10 metastatic AGASACA and 6/15 TC samples. KIT was present in 8/24 primary and 3/10 metastatic AGASACA and 9/15 TC samples. PDGFRα expression was noted in all tumor samples. In contrast PDGFRβ expression was found in only a few tumor samples but was evident in the stroma of all tumor specimens. Conclusions Known targets of toceranib are expressed in both AGASAC and TC. Given the observed expression of VEGFR and PDGFRα/β and phosphorylation of RET, these RTKs merit investigation as to their roles in the biology of AGSACA and TC and their contribution to toceranib’s activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget K Urie
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 601 Vernon L Tharp Street, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Zerrouqi A, Van Meir EG. A conspiracy of glioma and endothelial cells to invade the normal brain. Oncotarget 2011; 2:1-4. [PMID: 21378411 PMCID: PMC3248151 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdessamad Zerrouqi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Hsueh C, Lin JD, Wu IC, Chao TC, Yu JS, Liou MJ, Yeh CJ. Vascular endothelial growth factors and angiopoietins in presentations and prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2010; 103:395-9. [PMID: 21400522 DOI: 10.1002/jso.21844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Angiogenesis from thyroid cancer cell plays the important roles in post-surgical persistent, recurrent, and metastatic papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). This study is to investigate the expression of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), Tek/Tie-2 receptor, and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) in normal, benign thyroid tissues and different stage of PTC. We expect angiogenetic factors are important in the presentation of local-regional neck or distant metastases in PTC. MATERIALS AND RESULTS A total of 101 tissues from the subjects underwent thyroidectomy were enrolled in the study. There were 22 control and 79 thyroid cancer patients in different TNM stagings were collected. Ang-1 illustrated highest mean immunostaining score in metastatic group. Comparing with normal and benign thyroid tissues, thyroid cancer tissues illustrated significantly high expression of three angiogenetic factors and Tie-2 receptor. Of the PTC, significantly high expression of three angiogenetic factors and Tie-2 receptor were illustrated in recurrent cases. VEGF showed statistical difference in disease-free cancer mortality, and recurrent groups. CONCLUSIONS Immunochemical staining illustrated VEGF, Ang-1, Ang-2 expression in PTC tissues related to clinical staging; however, we need more information concerning these factors with long-term follow-up results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuen Hsueh
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Figueroa-Vega N, Alfonso-Pérez M, Cuesta-Mateos C, Sánchez-Madrid F, Moreno-Otero R, González-Amaro R, Marazuela M. Tie-2 is overexpressed by monocytes in autoimmune thyroid disorders and participates in their recruitment to the thyroid gland. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:2626-33. [PMID: 19351722 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The angiopoietin/Tie system seems to have an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Although Tie-2 is mainly expressed by endothelium, it is also detected in monocytes, which participate in the development of angiogenic and inflammatory phenomena. AIM The aim was to study the expression and function of Tie-2 and their ligands, angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and Ang-2, in thyroid glands and monocytes from patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). DESIGN We studied the expression of Tie-2, Ang-1, and Ang-2 by immunohistochemical techniques in surgical thyroid tissues from 17 patients with Graves' disease, 8 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and 3 healthy glands. In addition, we explored the expression and function of Tie-2 in peripheral blood monocytes from 17 patients with Graves' disease, 11 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and 14 healthy controls. RESULTS We found that the expression of Ang-1, Ang-2, and Tie-2 was up-regulated in thyroid glands from AITD patients. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, ELISA, and RT-PCR analyses confirmed the synthesis and release of Ang-1, Ang-2, and Tie-2 by thyroid follicular cells (TFC) from AITD patients. In addition, these patients showed increased levels of Tie-2(+) monocytes in the peripheral blood, which exhibited an enhanced chemotactic response to Ang-2 or autologous TFC. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the Ang/Tie-2 system, through the participation of blood vessels, inflammatory cells, and TFC, may have an important role in the recruitment of monocytes to the thyroid gland and the pathogenesis of the tissue damage seen in AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicté Figueroa-Vega
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78230 San Luis Potosí, México
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Figueroa-Vega N, Sanz-Cameno P, Moreno-Otero R, Sánchez-Madrid F, González-Amaro R, Marazuela M. Serum levels of angiogenic molecules in autoimmune thyroid diseases and their correlation with laboratory and clinical features. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:1145-53. [PMID: 19141578 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-1571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Because angiogenesis has a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions, we studied angiogenesis soluble markers in autoimmune thyroid diseases. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to measure concentrations of angiopoietins, Tie-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor in sera from autoimmune thyroid disease patients. DESIGN Soluble Tie-2 (sTie-2), angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor were quantified by ELISA in sera from 44 untreated Graves' disease (GD) patients, 25 untreated Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients, 13 non-GD hyperthyroid patients, and 22 age-matched controls. Subgroups of patients with active and non-active Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) were analyzed. Correlations among these markers and clinical parameters were assessed by bivariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS STIE-2 levels were higher in GD or HT patients compared to controls (P < 0.01). In addition, serum Ang-2 concentrations were higher in untreated GD patients compared to controls, HT patients, or non-GD hyperthyroid patients (P < 0.01), and no difference was observed between HT patients and controls. Significant correlations were found between free T(4)/sTie-2 and free T(4)/Ang-2 levels (r = 0.464, P < 0.01; and r = 0.463, P < 0.01, respectively) as well as between sTie-2/anti-TSH receptor antibody (r = 0.527; P < 0.01) and sTie-2/Ang-2 (r = 0.563; P = 0.001). Furthermore, sTie-2 levels were significantly higher in patients with active GO when compared to those with inactive GO (P < 0.05). Interestingly, Ang-2 levels decreased significantly after treatment with antithyroid drugs (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Ang-2 and sTie-2 could participate in the pathogenesis of GD and potentially be used as markers of GO activity. Antithyroid drugs affect the angiogenic pattern in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicté Figueroa-Vega
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
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Nakayama T, Inaba M, Naito S, Mihara Y, Miura S, Taba M, Yoshizaki A, Wen CY, Sekine I. Expression of Angiopoietin-1, 2 and 4 and Tie-1 and 2 in gastrointestinal stromal tumor, leiomyoma and schwannoma. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:4473-9. [PMID: 17724803 PMCID: PMC4611580 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i33.4473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of angiopoietin (Ang) -1, -2 and -4 and its receptors, Tie-1 and -2, in the growth and differentiation of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).
METHODS: Thirty GISTs, seventeen leiomyomas and six schwannomas were examined by immunohistochemistry in this study.
RESULTS: Ang-1, -2 and -4 proteins were expressed in the cytoplasm of tumor cells, and Tie-1 and -2 were expressed both in the cytoplasm and on the membrane of all tumors. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that 66.7% of GISTs (20 of 30), 76.5% of leiomyomas (13 of 17) and 83.3% of schwannomas (5 of 6) were positive for Ang-1. 83.3% of GISTs (25 of 30), 82.4% of leiomyomas (14 of 17) and 100% of schwannomas (6 of 6) were positive for Ang-2. 36.7% of GISTs (11 of 30), 58.8% of leiomyomas (10 of 17) and 83.3% of schwannomas (5 of 6) were positive for Ang-4. 60.0% of GISTs (18 of 30), 82.4% of leiomyomas and 100% of schwannomas (6 of 6) were positive for Tie-1. 10.0% of GISTs (3 of 30), 94.1% of leiomyomas (16 of 17) and 33.3% of schwannomas (2 of 6) were positive for Tie-2. Tie-2 expression was statistically different between GISTs and leiomyomas (P < 0.001). However, there was no correlation between expression of angiopoietin pathway components and clinical risk categories.
CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the angiopoietin pathway plays an important role in the differentiation of GISTs, leiomyomas and schwannomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Nakayama
- Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan.
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22
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Abstract
Angiopoietins (ANG-1 and ANG-2) and their TIE-2 receptor tyrosine kinase have wide-ranging effects on tumor malignancy that includes angiogenesis, inflammation, and vascular extravasation. These multifaceted pathways present a valuable opportunity in developing novel inhibition strategies for cancer treatment. However, the regulatory role of ANG-1 and ANG-2 in tumor angiogenesis remains controversial. There is a complex interplay between complementary yet conflicting roles of both the ANGs in shaping the outcome of angiogenesis. Embryonic vascular development suggests that ANG-1 is crucial in engaging interaction between endothelial and perivascular cells. However, recruitment of perivascular cells by ANG-1 has recently been implicated in its antiangiogenic effect on tumor growth. It is becoming clear that TIE-2 signaling may function in a paracrine and autocrine manner directly on tumor cells because the receptor has been increasingly found in tumor cells. In addition, alpha(5)beta(1) and alpha(v)beta(5) integrins were recently recognized as functional receptors for ANG-1 and ANG-2. Therefore, both the ligands may have wide-ranging functions in cellular activities that affect overall tumor development. Collectively, these TIE-2-dependent and TIE-2-independent activities may account for the conflicting findings of ANG-1 and ANG-2 in tumor angiogenesis. These uncertainties have impeded development of a clear strategy to target this important angiogenic pathway. A better understanding of the molecular basis of ANG-1 and ANG-2 activity in the pathophysiologic regulation of angiogenesis may set the stage for novel therapy targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston S N Shim
- Research and Development Unit, National Heart Centre, 17 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168752, Singapore.
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23
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Niedźwiecki S, Stepień T, Kopeć K, Kuzdak K, Komorowski J, Krupiński R, Stepień H. Angiopoietin 1 (Ang-1), angiopoietin 2 (Ang-2) and Tie-2 (a receptor tyrosine kinase) concentrations in peripheral blood of patients with thyroid cancers. Cytokine 2007; 36:291-5. [PMID: 17374490 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2006] [Revised: 11/07/2006] [Accepted: 02/07/2007] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
There are limited and conflicting studies investigating the role of the angiopoietin family in human thyroid cancer development and progression. We have investigated cytokines angiopoietin-1, -2 and their receptor (Tie-2), known to be involved in angiogenesis, in the serum of 52 thyroid cancer patients (21 cases of papillary cancers, PTC; 8 follicular cancers, FTC; 12 medullary cancers, MTC and 11 anaplastic cancers, ATC), using ELISA assays. The control consisted of 27 healthy volunteers. Statistically significant lower concentrations of Ang-1 were found in patients with thyroid cancers as compared with the control (p<0.003). The levels of Ang-2 and Tie-2 did not differ significantly between thyroid cancer patients and control. We have also compared the results of Ang-1, Ang-2, and Tie-2 determinations obtained in different histopathological subgroups of cancer patients. These results revealed lower Ang-1 concentrations in ATC (p<0.05), MTC (p<0.02), FTC (p<0.01) and in PTC patients (p<0.05) than control. We have also observed lower Ang-2 concentration in PTC patients (p<0.03) and Tie-2 in FTC patients (p<0.02 ) in comparison to controls. In conclusion, the Angs/Tie-2 system dysfunction may play an important role in thyroid cancerogenesis and decreased concentration of Ang-1 in serum can be a useful additional biomarker for the presence of thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Niedźwiecki
- Department of General and Endocrinological Surgery, Medical University of Łódź, Copernicus Hospital, Pabianicka 62, 93-513 Łódź, Poland
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24
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Lee OH, Xu J, Fueyo J, Fuller GN, Aldape KD, Alonso MM, Piao Y, Liu TJ, Lang FF, Bekele BN, Gomez-Manzano C. Expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2 in neoplastic glial cells is associated with integrin beta1-dependent adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Mol Cancer Res 2007; 4:915-26. [PMID: 17189382 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-06-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal function of tyrosine kinase receptors is a hallmark of malignant gliomas. Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase is a specific endothelial cell receptor whose function is positively regulated by angiopoietin 1 (Ang1). Recently, Tie2 has also been found in the nonvascular compartment of several tumors, including leukemia as well as breast, gastric, and thyroid cancers. There is, however, little information on the function of the Ang1/Tie2 pathway in the non-stromal cells within human tumors. We found that surgical glioblastoma specimens contained a subpopulation of Tie2+/CD31- and Tie2+/GFAP+ cells, suggesting that Tie2 is indeed expressed outside the vascular compartment of gliomas. Furthermore, analysis of a tissue array consisting of 116 human glioma samples showed that Tie2 expression in the neoplastic glial cells was significantly associated with progression from a lower to higher grade. Importantly, Ang1 stimulation of Tie2+ glioma cells resulted in increased adherence of the cells to collagen I and IV, suggesting that Tie2 regulates glioma cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Conversely, the down-regulation of Tie2 levels by small interference RNA or the addition of soluble Tie2 abrogated the Ang1-mediated effect on cell adhesion. In studying the expression of cell adhesion molecules, we found that Tie2 activation was related to the up-regulation of integrin beta1 levels and the formation of focal adhesions. These results, together with the reported fact that malignant gliomas express high levels of Ang1, suggest the existence of an autocrine loop in malignant gliomas and that a Tie2-dependent pathway modulates cell-to-extracellular matrix adhesion, providing new insights into the highly infiltrative phenotype of human gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Hee Lee
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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25
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Chung YC, Hou YC, Chang CN, Hseu TH. Expression and prognostic significance of angiopoietin in colorectal carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2006; 94:631-8. [PMID: 17066421 DOI: 10.1002/jso.20423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Growth and metastasis of malignant tumors depend on the angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the prognostic significance of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) expression in advanced colorectal carcinoma. METHODS Totally, 101 patients with surgically resected advanced colorectal carcinomas were enrolled. The tumor expressions of Ang-1 and Ang-2 were evaluated immunohistochemically, and their relationships with clinicopathological factors and prognosis were investigated. Tumor microvessel density (MVD) was also calculated and correlated with angiopoietin expression. RESULTS Ang-1 and Ang-2 were detected in 26 (25.7%) and 45 (44.6%), respectively, of 101 cancerous lesions. Overexpression of Ang-1 was correlated with high MVD. Overexpression of Ang-2 was correlated with lymph node metastasis, venous invasion, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels, and high MVD (P < or = 0.05). MVD was not significantly upregulated by Ang-1 expression, but was significantly upregulated by Ang-2 expression (P < or = 0.01). However, only patients with Ang-2 overexpression showed a significantly worse prognosis than those without Ang-2 overexpression. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression for 5-year survival revealed that cancerous stage and Ang-2 overexpression were independent prognostic indicators. CONCLUSIONS The Ang-1 expression correlated with MVD. However, Ang-2 expression was a useful prognostic marker in the management of patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chang Chung
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsin-Chu City, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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26
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Bhandari V, Choo-Wing R, Lee CG, Zhu Z, Nedrelow JH, Chupp GL, Zhang X, Matthay MA, Ware LB, Homer RJ, Lee PJ, Geick A, de Fougerolles AR, Elias JA. Hyperoxia causes angiopoietin 2-mediated acute lung injury and necrotic cell death. Nat Med 2006; 12:1286-93. [PMID: 17086189 PMCID: PMC2768268 DOI: 10.1038/nm1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The angiogenic growth factor angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) destabilizes blood vessels, enhances vascular leak and induces vascular regression and endothelial cell apoptosis. We considered that Ang2 might be important in hyperoxic acute lung injury (ALI). Here we have characterized the responses in lungs induced by hyperoxia in wild-type and Ang2-/- mice or those given either recombinant Ang2 or short interfering RNA (siRNA) targeted to Ang2. During hyperoxia Ang2 expression is induced in lung epithelial cells, while hyperoxia-induced oxidant injury, cell death, inflammation, permeability alterations and mortality are ameliorated in Ang2-/- and siRNA-treated mice. Hyperoxia induces and activates the extrinsic and mitochondrial cell death pathways and activates initiator and effector caspases through Ang2-dependent pathways in vivo. Ang2 increases inflammation and cell death during hyperoxia in vivo and stimulates epithelial necrosis in hyperoxia in vitro. Ang2 in plasma and alveolar edema fluid is increased in adults with ALI and pulmonary edema. Tracheal Ang2 is also increased in neonates that develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Ang2 is thus a mediator of epithelial necrosis with an important role in hyperoxic ALI and pulmonary edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Bhandari
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8064, USA
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27
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Gläsker S, Li J, Xia JB, Okamoto H, Zeng W, Lonser RR, Zhuang Z, Oldfield EH, Vortmeyer AO. Hemangioblastomas share protein expression with embryonal hemangioblast progenitor cell. Cancer Res 2006; 66:4167-72. [PMID: 16618738 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-3505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hemangioblastomas are central nervous system (CNS) tumors of unknown histogenesis, which can occur sporadically or in von Hippel-Lindau disease. Hemangioblastomas are composed of neoplastic "stromal" cells of unknown origin, accompanied by intensive reactive angiogenesis. Failure to specify the cytologic origin of the stromal cell has precluded the development of nonsurgical therapies and limits understanding of its basic biology. We report that the stromal cells express proteins (Scl, brachyury, Csf-1R, Gata-1, Flk-1, and Tie-2) that characterize embryonic progenitor cells with hemangioblastic differentiation potential and conclude that embryonic progenitors with hemangioblast potential represent a possible cytologic equivalent of the stromal cell. We also identified a new autocrine/paracrine stimulatory loop between the receptor Tie-2 and the hypoxia-inducible factor target Ang-1, which, combined with previous observations, suggests that a variety of autocrine loops may be initiated in hemangioblastomas, depending on the differentiation status of the tumor cells and the extent of HIF downstream activation. Finally, the consistent identification of Scl in the stromal cells may help explain the unique and characteristic topographical distribution of hemangioblastomas within the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Gläsker
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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28
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Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy characterized by an increase of the bone marrow angiogenesis. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) is a critical factor in the regulation of physiological and pathological vessel formation that acts by binding to a specific receptor Tie2 expressed on endothelial cells. Recent evidences indicate that human MM cells produce Ang-1 and up-regulate its receptor Tie2 in bone marrow endothelial cells. An overexpression of Ang-1 has been also found in MM cells as compared to normal plasma cells. The correlation between Ang-1 expression and BM angiogenesis, demonstrated in MM patients, and the inhibitory effect of Tie2 blocking on MM-induced vessel formation suggest that Ang-1 production by MM cells is critically involved in the angiogenic process in MM. In this review we focalize our attention on Ang-1/Tie2 system and its role in MM-induced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Giuliani
- Multiple Myeloma Research Unit, Chair of Hematology and BMT Center, University of Parma, Italy.
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29
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Ito Y, Yoshida H, Uruno T, Nakano K, Takamura Y, Miya A, Kobayashi K, Yokozawa T, Matsuzuka F, Kuma K, Miyauchi A. Tie-1 tyrosine kinase expression in human thyroid neoplasms. Histopathology 2004; 44:318-22. [PMID: 15049896 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2003.01805.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate tie-1 expression in human thyroid neoplasms. Recent studies have demonstrated that receptor-type tyrosine kinases (RTKs) contribute to carcinoma progression. Tie-1 is one of the RTKs and plays a role in angiogenesis, although its pathophysiological significance in human carcinoma is still to be elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemical expression of tie-1 was studied in various thyroid neoplasms. Tie-1 immunoreactivity was only occasionally observed in normal follicular cells. In papillary carcinoma, tie-1 was classified as positive in carcinoma cells in 55.7% of the cases and was more frequently expressed in those of smaller size with an absence of a poorly differentiated lesion. In contrast, tie-1 was positive in only 8.3% of anaplastic carcinoma and no cases of follicular carcinoma or adenoma were positive. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that tie-1 has a role in thyroid tumorigenesis, especially in the early phase of papillary carcinoma, but it is not important in the progression of anaplastic carcinoma or follicular tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ito
- Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
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30
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Takahara K, Iioka T, Furukawa K, Uchida T, Nakashima M, Tsukazaki T, Shindo H. Autocrine/paracrine role of the angiopoietin-1 and -2/Tie2 system in cell proliferation and chemotaxis of cultured fibroblastic synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Hum Pathol 2004; 35:150-8. [PMID: 14991531 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2003.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hypervascularity is a characteristic synovial feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We previously reported that Tie1 and Tie2, endothelium-specific tyrosine kinase receptors essential for angiogenesis, are expressed not only by vascular cells, but also by a subpopulation of synovial lining and stromal cells in the inflamed RA synovium. The present study used immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to examine whether angiopoietin-1 and -2 (Ang1 and Ang2), ligands for Tie2, are also expressed in the RA synovium. Ang1 and Ang2 were expressed in all of 15 RA synovial samples, and their distribution pattern was similar to that of Tie2. Intense staining was noted in synovial lining and stromal cells, as well as in small vessels in areas of papillary projection and high cell density. Double immunohistochemistry revealed coexpression of Ang1, Ang2, and Tie2 in synovial components exhibiting proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunoreactivity. In addition, Ang1 and Ang2 were preferentially expressed in vimentin-positive fibroblastic cells. To address the functional role of Ang/Tie signaling in RA pathophysiology, we carried out [(3)H]thymidine incorporation and transwell chemotaxis assays using cultured fibroblastic synoviocytes obtained from 2 RA patients. Incubation with various concentrations of recombinant Ang1 or Ang2 did not alter DNA synthesis, but the ligands enhanced chemotactic migration of RA fibroblastic synoviocytes. Our results suggest that the autocrine/paracrine signaling of the Ang/Tie2 system is important for the up-regulated angiogenesis in the RA synovium, as well as for synoviocyte behavior, by regulating chemotactic cell movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Takahara
- Department of Developmental and Reconstructive Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto, Japan
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31
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Abstract
Since the discovery of the angiopoietins, much interest has been focused on their biological actions and their potential use as therapeutic targets. It is generally accepted that the angiopoietins play an important role in angiogenesis and hence are described as angiogenic factors. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that this is not their only role and it is likely that the angiopoietins have important roles in a wider range of biological and pathological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela F Jones
- Molecular Medicine Unit, University of Leeds, Clinical Sciences Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.
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32
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33
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Abstract
A tumor vasculature is highly unstable and immature, characterized by a high proliferation rate of endothelial cells, hyper-permeability, and chaotic blood flow. The dysfunctional vasculature gives rise to continual plasma leakage and hypoxia in the tumor, resulting in constant on-sets of inflammation and angiogenesis. Tumors are thus likened to wounds that will not heal. The lack of functional mural cells, including pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, in tumor vascular structure contributes significantly to the abnormality of tumor vessels. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) is a physiological angiogenesis promoter during embryonic development. The function of Ang1 is essential to endothelial cell survival, vascular branching, and pericyte recruitment. However, an increasing amount of experimental data suggest that Ang1-stimulated association of mural cells with endothelial cells lead to stabilization of newly formed blood vessels. This in turn may limit the otherwise continuous angiogenesis in the tumor, and consequently give rise to inhibition of tumor growth. We discuss the enigmatic role of Ang1 in tumor angiogenesis in this review.
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34
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Hedvat CV, Comenzo RL, Teruya-Feldstein J, Olshen AB, Ely SA, Osman K, Zhang Y, Kalakonda N, Nimer SD. Insights into extramedullary tumour cell growth revealed by expression profiling of human plasmacytomas and multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2003; 122:728-44. [PMID: 12930383 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Malignant plasma cells generally grow within the bone marrow microenvironment; however, they can also grow at extramedullary sites. To identify the tumour-specific alterations required for extramedullary growth, we analysed the expression profiles of a series of plasma cell neoplasms including primary multiple myeloma (MM), plasma cell leukaemia (PCL) and extramedullary plasmacytoma (EPC). Hierarchical clustering analysis segregated the EPCs from the remaining samples, and revealed an expression pattern associated with angiogenesis in the EPCs, involving higher expression of the genes TIE2, NOTCH3, CD31 and endoglin. Direct comparison of EPC samples with the MM samples identified 156 genes significantly upregulated and 85 genes significantly downregulated (P < 0.005, t-test) in the EPCs, including several genes involved in angiogenesis and adhesion that were upregulated (including angiopoietin 1, SPARC, Notch3 and fibronectin 1). Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated CD31 and endoglin protein expression in the EPC tumour cells, which are both angiogenesis related and could confer malignant plasma cells with the ability to grow outside the normal bone marrow environment. Defining how malignant plasma cell growth is regulated in the bone marrow versus at extramedullary sites will help to delineate the mechanisms underlying the dependence of tumour cell growth on angiogenesis and cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus V Hedvat
- Laboratory of Molecular Aspects of Hematopoiesis, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
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35
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Giuliani N, Colla S, Lazzaretti M, Sala R, Roti G, Mancini C, Bonomini S, Lunghi P, Hojden M, Genestreti G, Svaldi M, Coser P, Fattori PP, Sammarelli G, Gazzola GC, Bataille R, Almici C, Caramatti C, Mangoni L, Rizzoli V. Proangiogenic properties of human myeloma cells: production of angiopoietin-1 and its potential relationship to myeloma-induced angiogenesis. Blood 2003; 102:638-45. [PMID: 12649156 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-10-3257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have increased bone marrow (BM) angiogenesis; however, the proangiogenic properties of myeloma cells and the mechanisms of MM-induced angiogenesis are not completely clarified. The angiopoietin system has been identified as critical in the regulation of vessel formation. In this study we have demonstrated that myeloma cells express several proangiogenic factors, and, in particular, we found that angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), but not its antagonist Ang-2, was expressed by several human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs) at the mRNA and the protein levels. In a transwell coculture system, we observed that myeloma cells up-regulated the Ang-1 receptor Tie2 in human BM endothelial cells. Moreover, in an experimental model of angiogenesis, the conditioned medium of HMCLs significantly stimulated vessel formation compared with control or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment. The presence of anti-Tie2 blocking antibody completely blunted the proangiogenic effect of XG-6. Finally, our in vitro results were supported by the in vivo finding of Ang-1, but not Ang-2, mRNA and protein expression in purified MM cells obtained from approximately 47% of patients and by high BM angiogenesis in patients with MM positive for Ang-1, suggesting that the angiopoietin system could be involved, at least in part, in MM-induced angiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/analysis
- Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/biosynthesis
- Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/genetics
- Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/physiology
- Angiopoietin-1
- Angiopoietin-2
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Coculture Techniques
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Endothelial Growth Factors/pharmacology
- Endothelium/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Plasma Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Plasma Cell/pathology
- Lymphokines/pharmacology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Middle Aged
- Multiple Myeloma/blood supply
- Multiple Myeloma/genetics
- Multiple Myeloma/metabolism
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Receptor, TIE-2
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Giuliani
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Institute of Medical Pathology, University of Parma, Italy.
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