1
|
Xiao Q, Deng B, Akbari A, Liu Q, Zhu B. The ketogenic diet could improve the efficacy of curcumin and Oldenlandia diffusa extract in the treatment of gastric cancer by increasing miR340 expression and apoptosis mediated by autophagy, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14407. [PMID: 36219718 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of gastric cancer is a multistage process that involves glucose metabolism, inflammation, oxidative damage, angiogenesis, autophagy, and apoptosis. Moreover, microRNA-340 (miR340) also plays a vital role in tumorigenesis and the biology of gastric cancer as an epigenetic factor. It seems that the use of ketogenic diets (KDs) and plant extracts that have antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties can be good treatment options to cure gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-340 on pathways involved in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and the improving effects of the KD, Oldenlandia diffusa extract (ODE), and curcumin in the animal model of gastric cancer. One hundred and ten male Wistar rats were divided into control and treatment groups. The expression of miR-340 along with genes involved in inflammation, oxidative damage, angiogenesis, and apoptosis were assessed. The results showed that the KD and different doses of curcumin and ODE in a dose-dependent behavior could induce apoptosis and the expression of the Akt/mTORC1 pathway and inhibit inflammation, oxidative damage, and angiogenesis in the gastric tissue of rats with cancer. In addition, there was no significant difference between cancer groups receiving ODE and curcumin. These results also showed that consumption of KD could significantly increase the efficacy of ODE and curcumin which may be due to increasing miR-340 expression. The results of this study suggested well that the KD along with conventional therapies in traditional medicine can be a useful solution for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death, and genetic and epigenetic factors, including miR-340, are involved in its pathogenesis. However, the use of ketogenic diets (KDs) and plant products such as curcumin and Oldenlandia diffusa extract (ODE) can play an effective role in inhibiting tumorigenesis in some cancers. Our results showed that the KD and different doses of curcumin and ODE could induce apoptosis and the expression of the Akt/mTORC1 pathway and inhibit inflammation, oxidative damage, and angiogenesis in the gastric tissue. Moreover, the KD could significantly increase the efficacy of ODE and curcumin which may be due to an increase in miR-340 expression. These findings provide novel perceptions about the mechanisms of the KD, curcumin, and ODE to cure gastric cancer. It suggested that the KD as adjunctive therapy along with conventional therapies in traditional medicine could be considered a useful solution to prevent and treat gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Qisheng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Bisheng Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Park JH, Whang WK. Bioassay-Guided Isolation of Anti-Alzheimer Active Components from the Aerial Parts of Hedyotis diffusa and Simultaneous Analysis for Marker Compounds. Molecules 2020; 25:E5867. [PMID: 33322478 PMCID: PMC7764330 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that Hedyotis diffusa Willdenow extract shows various biological activities on cerebropathia, such as neuroprotection and short-term memory enhancement. However, there has been a lack of studies on the inhibitory activity on neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) through enzyme assays of H. diffusa. Therefore, H. diffusa extract and fractions were evaluated for their inhibitory effects through assays of enzymes related to AD, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), and on the formation of advanced glycation end-product (AGE). In this study, ten bioactive compounds, including nine iridoid glycosides 1-9 and one flavonol glycoside 10, were isolated from the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of H. diffusa using a bioassay-guided approach. Compound 10 was the strongest inhibitor of cholinesterase, BACE1, and the formation of AGEs of all isolated compounds, while compound 5 had the lowest inhibitory activity. Compounds 3, 6, and 9 exhibited better inhibitory activity than other compounds on AChE, and two pairs of diastereomeric iridoid glycoside structures (compounds 4, 8, and 6, 7) showed higher inhibitory activity than others on BChE. In the BACE1 inhibitory assay, compounds 1-3 were good inhibitors, and compound 10 showed higher inhibitory activity than quercetin, the positive control. Moreover, compounds 1 and 3 were stronger inhibitors of the formation of AGE than aminoguanidine (AMG), the positive control. In conclusion, this study is significant since it demonstrated that the potential inhibitory activity of H. diffusa on enzymes related to AD and showed the potential use for further study as a natural medicine for AD treatment on the basis of the bioactive components isolated from H. diffusa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wan Kyunn Whang
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, Graduate School, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 151-756, Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cui J, Li H, Wang Y, Tian T, Liu C, Wang Y, Sun S, Feng B. Skullcapflavone I has a potent anti-pancreatic cancer activity by targeting miR-23a. Biofactors 2020; 46:821-830. [PMID: 32141657 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Baicalein has been widely studied and showed a potent activity against pancreatic cancer in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Little is known regarding the effects of Skullcapflavone I (SFI), despite they have similar structures. So, this study was to explore the function of SFI on human pancreatic cancer. Panc-1 cells were transfected with miR-23a precursor, miR-23a inhibitor or the negative controls, and subsequently treated by SFI. Cell viability, Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cell rate, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and related protein expression were assessed by utilizing Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), BrdU staining, apoptosis assessment, transwell assay, and western blot. SFI significantly reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as induced apoptosis of Panc-1 cells. MiR-23a, miR-21, and miR-155 were lowly expressed while miR-145 and miR-146a were highly expressed in SFI-treated cell. Of note, the antitumor effects of SFI were promoted by miR-23a suppression whereas attenuated by miR-23a overexpression. JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways were inhibited by SFI. Also, the pathway inhibition in SFI-treated cells was reversed by miR-23a overexpression. SFI might be a promising anti-pancreatic cancer agent by inhibiting cancer cells growth and motility. The anticancer activities of SFI might be through downregulation of miR-23a, as well as inhibition of JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shukai Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Baisui Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yue GGL, Chan YY, Liu W, Gao S, Wong CW, Lee JKM, Lau KM, Lau CBS. Effectiveness of Scutellaria barbata water extract on inhibiting colon tumor growth and metastasis in tumor-bearing mice. Phytother Res 2020; 35:361-373. [PMID: 32869911 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The plant Scutellaria barbata (SB) is commonly used as herbal medicines for treating cancer. The present pre-clinical study aimed to validate the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (CP) recommended dosages of SB water extract (SBW) in treating colon tumors. The content of chemical marker scutellarin in SBW was quantified using UPLC. Mice bearing human HCT116 xenografts or murine colon26 tumors received oral administration of SBW or scutellarin for 4 weeks. Results showed that SBW (615 and 1,230 mg/kg) and scutellarin (7 mg/kg) treatments significantly reduced human xenograft weights by 28.7, 36.9 and 28.8%, respectively. Lung metastasis area could be ameliorated after SBW (615 mg/kg) and scutellarin (7 mg/kg) treatments by 23.4 and 29.5%, respectively. Expressions of colon cancer metastasis-related proteins E-cadherin, Tspan 8 and CXCR4, as well as Src kinase in tumors were first shown to be regulated by SBW. Furthermore, in murine colon26 tumor-bearing mice, SBW (615 mg/kg) and scutellarin (7 mg/kg) treatments reduced the orthotopic tumor burden by 94.7% and lung metastatic tumor burden by 94.1%, respectively. Our findings provided evidences that SBW (at the mouse equivalent dosages to clinical dosages recommended by CP) could exert anti-tumor and anti-metastatic effects in colon cancer animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Gar-Lee Yue
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yuk-Yu Chan
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Si Gao
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Wai Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Julia Kin-Ming Lee
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Kit-Man Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.,Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wan LQ, Tan Y, Jiang M, Hua Q. The prognostic impact of traditional Chinese medicine monomers on tumor-associated macrophages in non-small cell lung cancer. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 17:729-737. [PMID: 31703753 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80%-85% of all lung malignancies and good diagnosis and prognosis of NSCLC are critical to the increase of its survival rate. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) abundantly present in numerous cancer types, and the role of TAMs in tumor biology and their prognostic value in cancer become major topics of interest. After various stimulations in the tumor microenvironment, TAMs develop into a M1 (tumor-inhibitory) phenotype or M2 (tumor-promoting) phenotype. Recent studies show that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) monomers have markedly inhibitory actions for NSCLC through M1/M2 modulation. Due to the TCM monomers mainly covered five categories, i.e. terpenoids, flavonoids, polysaccharides, natural polyphenols, and alkaloids. Thus, we will discuss the regulation of TCM monomers on TAM involve in these five parts in this review. In addition, the potential role of TAMs as therapeutic targets will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Qin Wan
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan Tan
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Qian Hua
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li CL, Hsia TC, Li CH, Chen KJ, Yang YH, Yang ST. Adjunctive Traditional Chinese Medicine Improves Survival in Patients With Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma Treated With First-Line Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs): A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study. Integr Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1534735419827079. [PMID: 30836771 PMCID: PMC7242801 DOI: 10.1177/1534735419827079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine
(TCM) on survival in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma treated with
first-line epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors
(TKIs) is a major concern and requires more evidence from large-scale clinical
studies. Materials and Methods: This population-based cohort study
used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database to enroll patients
between 2006 and 2012 who had newly diagnosed locally advanced and metastatic
lung adenocarcinoma treated with first-line gefitinib or erlotinib. Survival was
tracked until 2013. The patients were separated into TCM users and nonusers, and
Cox regression models were applied to determine the association between the use
of TCM and the survival of patients. Results: A total of 1988
patients receiving first-line gefitinib or erlotinib for the treatment of
EGFR-mutated advanced lung adenocarcinoma, with the exclusion of TCM users after
tumor progression, were included in this cohort study. Compared with TCM nonuse,
TCM use for ≥180 days was associated with a significantly decreased risk of
mortality by 68% (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.32 [95% CI, 0.21-0.50],
P < .0001). Compared with TCM nonuse, TCM use for ≥180
days was associated with a significantly decreased risk of disease progression
by 59% (adjusted HR, 0.41 [95% CI, 0.29-0.58], P < .0001).
Conclusion: This cohort study suggests that adjunctive TCM
therapy could improve overall survival and progression-free survival in patients
with advanced lung adenocarcinoma treated with first-line TKIs. Future
randomized, controlled trials are required to validate these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ling Li
- 1 Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,3 Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,4 Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,5 Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiang Li
- 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,3 Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,4 Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jung Chen
- 5 Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- 5 Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,6 Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,7 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Su-Tso Yang
- 8 School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,9 Department of Radiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Polysaccharides from Hedyotis diffusa enhance the antitumor activities of cytokine-induced killer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
8
|
Cui J, Li H, Wang Y, Tian T, Liu C, Wang Y, Sun S, Feng B. WITHDRAWN: Skullcapflavone I has a potent anti-pancreatic cancer activity by targeting miR-23a. Life Sci 2019:S0024-3205(19)30371-6. [PMID: 31085241 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450014, Henan, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450014, Henan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450014, Henan, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450014, Henan, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450014, Henan, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450014, Henan, China
| | - Shukai Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450014, Henan, China
| | - Baisui Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450014, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang B, Wang N, Wang S, Li X, Zheng Y, Li M, Song J, Zhang F, Mei W, Lin Y, Wang Z. Network-pharmacology-based identification of caveolin-1 as a key target of Oldenlandia diffusa to suppress breast cancer metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108607. [PMID: 30784915 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer remains the most common female malignancy and metastasis is the leading cause of death in breast cancer patients. Oldenlandia diffusa has been empirically and extensively used as an adjuvant therapy for metastatic breast cancer patients in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with proven efficacy. However, its anti-metastasis mechanism has been poorly revealed. METHODS Multiple molecular biology experiments as well as network pharmacology, bioinformatics analysis were conducted to investigate the anti-metastasis mechanism of Oldenlandia diffusa in breast cancer. RESULTS We demonstrated that ethanol extract of Oldenlandia diffusa (EEOD) significantly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of high-metastatic breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453, while having no obvious cytotoxic effect on multiple nonmalignant cells. Furthermore, EEOD remarkably suppressed the migration and invasion capacities of the above breast cancer cells by modulating the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway. More importantly, EEOD also significantly inhibited breast cancer metastasis in zebrafish xenotransplantation model in vivo. Network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis further demonstrated that EEOD yielded 12 candidate compounds and 225 potential targets, and shared 85 putative targets associated with breast cancer metastasis. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing and experimental validation results suggested that EEOD might inhibit breast cancer metastasis by attenuating the expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) as overexpression of Cav-1 could weaken the anti-metastasis efficacy of EEOD. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings proved that EEOD could inhibit breast cancer metastasis by attenuating the expression of Cav-1, highlighting the use of EEOD as an adjunctive therapy for metastatic breast cancer patients. This study also provides novel insights into network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis as effective tools to illuminate the scientific basis of TCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences & the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Neng Wang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences & the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences & the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Post-doctoral Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiong Li
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences & the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifeng Zheng
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences & the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Post-doctoral Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Juxian Song
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fengxue Zhang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences & the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjie Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences & the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences & the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Post-doctoral Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hedyotis diffusa plus Scutellaria barbata Induce Bladder Cancer Cell Apoptosis by Inhibiting Akt Signaling Pathway through Downregulating miR-155 Expression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:9174903. [PMID: 26989427 PMCID: PMC4773537 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9174903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine is increasingly used to treat cancer. Our clinical experiences identify Hedyotis diffusa plus Scutellaria barbata as the most common herb-pair (couplet medicinal) used for the core treatment of bladder cancer. This study aims to investigate the antitumor effect of the herb-pair in bladder cancer cells. The results show that Hedyotis diffusa plus Scutellaria barbata inhibited bladder cancer cell growth and clone formation in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. It also induced cell apoptosis through decreasing Akt activation and reducing the expression of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. Further experiments showed that miR-155 was reduced by the herb-pair and miRNA-155 inhibitor induced cell apoptosis and suppressed Akt activation. Overexpression of miR-155 reversed herb-pair induced cell apoptosis through activating Akt pathway in both bladder cancer cell lines. The findings reveal that Hedyotis diffusa plus Scutellaria barbata reduce Akt activation through reducing miR-155 expression, resulting in cell apoptosis. It demonstrated the potential mechanism of Hedyotis diffusa plus Scutellaria barbata for the core treatment of bladder cancer.
Collapse
|
11
|
Cohen Z, Maimon Y, Yoeli-Lerner M, Yang P, Samuels N, Berger R. Selective anticancer effects and protection from chemotherapy by the botanical compound LCS101: Implications for cancer treatment. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:308-16. [PMID: 25333773 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for new options for reducing the side effects of cancer treatment, without compromising efficacy, enabling patients to complete treatment regimens. The botanical compound LCS101 exhibits inhibitory effects on cancer cell growth, and reduces chemotherapy-induced hematological toxicities. The aim of the present study is to examine the selectivity of the effects of the compound, alone and in conjunction with conventional chemotherapy agents, on cancer cell proliferation. The effects of LCS101 were tested on a number of cancer cell lines (breast, MCF7, MDA-MB‑231; colorectal, HCT116; prostate, PC-3, DU-145) and on non-tumorigenic normal human epithelial cells (breast, MCF10A; prostate, EP#2). Cell viability was analyzed using an XTT assay and observed by light microscopy. Necrosis and apoptosis were examined using FACS analysis and immunoblotting. LCS101 selectively induced cell death in breast, colon and prostate cancer cell lines, as measured by XTT assay. Light microscopy and FACS analysis showed changes indicative of a necrotic process. LCS101 was also found to induce PARP-1 reduction in breast cancer cells, with no effect on non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cells. While LCS101 increased cell death in cancer cells exposed to doxorubicin and 5-FU, it showed a protective effect on non-tumorigenic human epithelial cells from chemotherapy-induced cell death. A similar selective effect was observed with apoptosis-associated PARP-1 cleavage. The findings demonstrate that the anti-proliferative effects exhibited by the botanical compound LCS101 are selective to cancer cells, and offer protection to non-tumorigenic normal epithelial cells from chemotherapy agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Cohen
- Tal Center for Integrative Medicine, Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yair Maimon
- Tal Center for Integrative Medicine, Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Merav Yoeli-Lerner
- Tal Center for Integrative Medicine, Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Peiying Yang
- Department of General Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Noah Samuels
- Tal Center for Integrative Medicine, Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Raanan Berger
- Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Apoptotic effect of pheophorbide a-mediated photodynamic therapy on DMBA/TPA-induced mouse papillomas. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:51-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
13
|
Dong Q, Ling B, Gao B, Maley J, Sammynaiken R, Yang J. Hedyotis diffusa Water Extract Diminished the Cytotoxic Effects of Chemotherapy Drugs against Human Breast Cancer MCF7 Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedyotis diffusa is a Chinese herbal medicine widely used in combination with other herbal medicines such as Scutellaria barbata to treat various types of cancer. Late-stage and recurrent cancer patients usually use H. diffusa during chemotherapy in expecting to achieve additive or synergistic therapeutic effects. Several classes of active ingredients, including anthraquinones, iridoid glucosides and stigmasterols, have been isolated and characterized from H. diffusa. In the current study, we isolated alkaloid/flavonoid from H. diffusa and showed that the crude alkaloid/flavonoid extract rather than its three major components possessed antitumor activity against human breast cancer cell line MCF7. Co-administration of H. diffusa water extract diminished the cytotoxicities of chemotherapy drugs doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide and docetaxel towards the MCF7 cells, implicating that H. diffusa should not be used during breast cancer chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiulin Dong
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Binbing Ling
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Bosong Gao
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Jason Maley
- Saskatchewan Structural Sciences Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Ramaswami Sammynaiken
- Saskatchewan Structural Sciences Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Jian Yang
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li YY, Tang XL, Jiang T, Li PF, Li PL, Li GQ. Bioassay-guided isolation of neo-clerodane diterpenoids from Scutellaria barbata. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2013; 15:941-949. [PMID: 23909895 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2013.821983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided isolation of the aerial part of Scutellaria barbata yielded three new neo-clerodane diterpenoids scutebatas P-R (1-3), together with two known ones: scutebata E (4) and scutebarbatine B (5). The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (NMR and MS) and by comparison with the spectroscopic data reported in the literature. All compounds except 3 showed weak cytotoxicity with IC50 values ranging from 35.11 to 42.73 μM against K562 cell lines, and compounds 1, 2, and 5 also displayed weak activities against HL60 cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Li
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China , Qingdao , 266003 , China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rachmut IH, Samuels N, Melnick SJ, Ramachandran C, Sharabi Y, Pavlovsky A, Maimon Y, Shoham J. Immunomodulatory effects of the botanical compound LCS101: implications for cancer treatment. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:437-45. [PMID: 23637542 PMCID: PMC3639221 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s42038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of LSC101, a botanical compound, on adaptive and innate immunity. MATERIALS AND METHODS LCS101 preparations were tested for batch-to-batch consistency using high-performance liquid chromatography. T-cell activation was quantified in murine spleen cells using 3H-thymidine incorporation, and cytokine production analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Natural killer cell activity was tested on human blood cells using flow cytometry, and cytotoxicity measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and apoptosis using a FACSCalibur. Effects on interferon-γ production in fluorouracil/doxorubicin-treated mice were tested with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS High-performance liquid chromatography analysis demonstrated batch-to-batch consistency. T-cell proliferation was increased, and a dose-dependent activation of natural killer cells and macrophage tumor necrosis factor-α secretion were observed with LCS101 treatment. Interferon-γ levels, reduced following fluorouracil treatment, were corrected in treated animals. No toxicity or compromised treatment outcomes were associated with LCS101 exposure. CONCLUSIONS LCS101 demonstrated significant effects on a number of immune processes. Further research is needed in order to understand the molecular immunomodulatory pathways affected by this compound, as well as clinical implications for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itzchak H Rachmut
- The Gonda-Goldschmied Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li N, Liu C, Mi S, Wang N, Zheng X, Li Y, Huang X, He S, Chen H, Xu X. Simultaneous Determination of Oleanolic Acid, p-Coumaric Acid, Ferulic Acid, Kaemperol and Quercetin in Rat Plasma by LC–MS-MS and Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study of Oldenlandia diffusa Extract in Rats. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 50:885-92. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
17
|
Chen V, Staub RE, Fong S, Tagliaferri M, Cohen I, Shtivelman E. Bezielle selectively targets mitochondria of cancer cells to inhibit glycolysis and OXPHOS. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30300. [PMID: 22319564 PMCID: PMC3272024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bezielle (BZL101) is a candidate oral drug that has shown promising efficacy and excellent safety in the early phase clinical trials for advanced breast cancer. Bezielle is an aqueous extract from the herb Scutellaria barbata. We have reported previously that Bezielle was selectively cytotoxic to cancer cells while sparing non-transformed cells. In tumor, but not in non-transformed cells, Bezielle induced generation of ROS and severe DNA damage followed by hyperactivation of PARP, depletion of the cellular ATP and NAD, and inhibition of glycolysis. We show here that tumor cells' mitochondria are the primary source of reactive oxygen species induced by Bezielle. Treatment with Bezielle induces progressively higher levels of mitochondrial superoxide as well as peroxide-type ROS. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration prevents generation of both types of ROS and protects cells from Bezielle-induced death. In addition to glycolysis, Bezielle inhibits oxidative phosphorylation in tumor cells and depletes mitochondrial reserve capacity depriving cells of the ability to produce ATP. Tumor cells lacking functional mitochondria maintain glycolytic activity in presence of Bezielle thus supporting the hypothesis that mitochondria are the primary target of Bezielle. The metabolic effects of Bezielle towards normal cells are not significant, in agreement with the low levels of oxidative damage that Bezielle inflicts on them. Bezielle is therefore a drug that selectively targets cancer cell mitochondria, and is distinguished from other such drugs by its ability to induce not only inhibition of OXPHOS but also of glycolysis. This study provides a better understanding of the mechanism of Bezielle's cytotoxicity, and the basis of its selectivity towards cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Chen
- BioNovo, Inc., Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | | | - Sylvia Fong
- BioNovo, Inc., Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | | | - Isaac Cohen
- BioNovo, Inc., Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | - Emma Shtivelman
- BioNovo, Inc., Emeryville, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Maimon Y, Karaush V, Yaal-Hahoshen N, Ben-Yosef R, Ron I, Vexler A, Lev-Ari S. Effect of Chinese herbal therapy on breast cancer adenocarcinoma cell lines. J Int Med Res 2011; 38:2033-9. [PMID: 21227007 DOI: 10.1177/147323001003800617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of medicinal herbs to prevent and treat many diseases, including cancer, there are insufficient scientific data on the safety and efficacy of the majority of herbal therapies. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a unique Chinese herbal therapy (CHT) from controlled manufactured concentrated powders, on an in vitro model of breast cancer. Three breast adenocarcinoma cell lines (MDA-231, MDA-453, T47D) were exposed to CHT for 72 h. Cell viability was assessed by XTT (sodium 3'-[1-(phenylaminocarbonyl)-3, 4-tetra zolium]-bis(4-methoxy-6-nitro) benzene sulphonic acid hydrate) assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle stage were determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. CHT decreased cell survival in a dose-dependent manner in all tested cell lines. FACS analysis of treated and non-treated T47D cells demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of CHT was associated with an increase in apoptosis. A randomized clinical trial is currently underway to investigate CHT as supplementary therapy for breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Maimon
- Unit of Integrative Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
An Evidence-based Perspective of Hedyotis Diffusa or Oldenlandia Diffusa (Spreading Hedyotis) for Cancer Patients. EVIDENCE-BASED ANTICANCER MATERIA MEDICA 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-0526-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
20
|
Ganbold M, Barker J, Ma R, Jones L, Carew M. Cytotoxicity and bioavailability studies on a decoction of Oldenlandia diffusa and its fractions separated by HPLC. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 131:396-403. [PMID: 20633624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Oldenlandia diffusa is a traditional Chinese herbal remedy with known cytotoxic activity in vitro and in vivo. The aim of the study was to identify the most cytotoxic constituents of a water extract (a decoction is traditionally used as a treatment) by HPLC and activity-guided fractionation. The bioavailability of the decoction and certain fractions, and the mode of cell death induced by these mixtures, were also investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS A decoction of O. diffusa was prepared and separated by HPLC into eleven fractions (F1-11) for testing on the growth of HL60 leukaemia cells; two of the most active fractions were also tested on Caco-2 colon cancer cells. Cell viability was measured by trypan blue exclusion, DNA content (Cyquant NF assay) and neutral red uptake. Evidence of apoptosis was gained from cells stained with the nuclear dye DAPI, and detection of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) by Western blot. RESULTS Fraction 9 was found to be the most active fraction, and, along with the decoction, induced apoptosis. Cells stained with DAPI showed a decrease in cell size and nuclear fragmentation characteristic of apoptosis. Detection of cleaved PARP further confirmed induction of apoptosis by O. diffusa decoction and fraction 9. The bioavailability of O. diffusa was investigated by production of post-absorption samples using Caco-2 intestinal epithelial monolayers. Addition of post-absorption samples (taken from the basolateral side after 3h incubation with the decoction on the apical side) inhibited the growth of HL60 cells, and suggested a degree of bioavailability. The constituents in fraction 9 were further separated by HPLC and eight major compounds were identified by LC-MS: two of these were ursolic acid (UA) and its enantiomer oleanolic acid (OA). Concentrations of UA and OA in the decoction were then calculated by reference to the area of the peaks of UA and OA found in F9. The post-absorption sample of F9 contained six of the eight constituents in the original pre-absorption fraction 9. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results suggest that certain constituents, possibly including ursolic/oleanolic acid, may be bioavailable and at sufficient concentration to induce apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro through a mechanism including the cleavage of PARP.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Biological Availability
- Caco-2 Cells
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacokinetics
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Oldenlandia/chemistry
- Oleanolic Acid/pharmacokinetics
- Oleanolic Acid/pharmacology
- Oleanolic Acid/therapeutic use
- Phytotherapy
- Triterpenes/pharmacokinetics
- Triterpenes/pharmacology
- Triterpenes/therapeutic use
- Ursolic Acid
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Munkhchimeg Ganbold
- School of Pharmacy & Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Inhibition of metastasis, angiogenesis, and tumor growth by Chinese herbal cocktail Tien-Hsien Liquid. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:175. [PMID: 20429953 PMCID: PMC2880989 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced cancer is a multifactorial disease that demands treatments targeting multiple cellular pathways. Chinese herbal cocktail which contains various phytochemicals may target multiple dys-regulated pathways in cancer cells and thus may provide an alternative/complementary way to treat cancers. Previously we reported that the Chinese herbal cocktail Tien-Hsien Liguid (THL) can specifically induce apoptosis in various cancer cells and have immuno-modulating activity. In this study, we further evaluated the anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activities of THL with a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Methods The migration and invasion of cancer cells and endothelial cells was determined by Boyden chamber transwell assays. The effect of THL on pulmonary metastasis was done by injecting CT-26 colon cancer cells intravenously to syngenic mice. The in vitro and in vivo microvessel formation was determined by the tube formation assay and the Matrigel plug assay, respectively. The in vivo anti-tumor effect of THL was determined by a human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenograft model. The expression of metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) was measured by gelatin zymography. The expression of HIF-1α and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 were determined by Western blot. Results THL inhibited the migration and invasion ability of various cancer cells in vitro, decreased the secretion of MMP-2, MMP-9, and uPA and the activity of ERK1/2 in cancer cells, and suppressed pulmonary metastasis of CT-26 cancer cells in syngenic mice. Moreover, THL inhibited the migration, invasion, and tube formation of endothelial cells in vitro, decreased the secretion of MMP-2 and uPA in endothelial cells, and suppressed neovascularization in Matrigel plugs in mice. Besides its inhibitory effect on endothelial cells, THL inhibited hypoxia-induced HIF-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression in cancer cells. Finally, our results show that THL inhibited the growth of human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenografts in NOD-SCID mice. This suppression of tumor growth was associated with decreased microvessel formation and increased apoptosis caused by THL. Conclusion Our data demonstrate that THL had broad-spectra anti-cancer activities and merits further evaluation for its use in cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
22
|
Otsuki N, Dang NH, Kumagai E, Kondo A, Iwata S, Morimoto C. Aqueous extract of Carica papaya leaves exhibits anti-tumor activity and immunomodulatory effects. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 127:760-7. [PMID: 19961915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Revised: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Various parts of Carica papaya Linn. (CP) have been traditionally used as ethnomedicine for a number of disorders, including cancer. There have been anecdotes of patients with advanced cancers achieving remission following consumption of tea extract made from CP leaves. However, the precise cellular mechanism of action of CP tea extracts remains unclear. The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of aqueous-extracted CP leaf fraction on the growth of various tumor cell lines and on the anti-tumor effect of human lymphocytes. In addition, we attempted to identify the functional molecular weight fraction in the CP leaf extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of CP extract on the proliferative responses of tumor cell lines and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and cytotoxic activities of PBMC were assessed by [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation. Flow cytometric analysis and measurement of caspase-3/7 activities were performed to confirm the induction of apoptosis on tumor cells. Cytokine productions by PBMC were measured by ELISA. Gene profiling of the effect of CP extract treatment was performed by microarray analysis and real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS We observed significant growth inhibitory activity of the CP extract on tumor cell lines. In PBMC, the production of IL-2 and IL-4 was reduced following the addition of CP extract, whereas that of IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha was enhanced without growth inhibition. In addition, cytotoxicity of activated PBMC against K562 was enhanced by the addition of CP extract. Moreover, microarray analyses showed that the expression of 23 immunomodulatory genes, classified by gene ontology analysis, was enhanced by the addition of CP extract. In this regard, CCL2, CCL7, CCL8 and SERPINB2 were representative of these upregulated genes, and thus may serve as index markers of the immunomodulatory effects of CP extract. Finally, we identified the active components of CP extract, which inhibits tumor cell growth and stimulates anti-tumor effects, to be the fraction with M.W. less than 1000. CONCLUSION Since Carica papaya leaf extract can mediate a Th1 type shift in human immune system, our results suggest that the CP leaf extract may potentially provide the means for the treatment and prevention of selected human diseases such as cancer, various allergic disorders, and may also serve as immunoadjuvant for vaccine therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Otsuki
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chinese medicinal herb Scutellaria barbata modulates apoptosis and cell survival in murine and human prostate cancer cells and tumor development in TRAMP mice. Eur J Cancer Prev 2009; 18:331-41. [DOI: 10.1097/cej.0b013e32832c3859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
24
|
Liang Z, He M, Fong W, Jiang Z, Zhao Z. A comparable, chemical and pharmacological analysis of the traditional Chinese medicinal herbs Oldenlandia diffusa and O. corymbosa and a new valuation of their biological potential. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 15:259-267. [PMID: 18339527 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2007] [Revised: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The herb of Oldenlandia diffusa (Willd.) Roxb. (Family Rubiaceae) is well-known in Chinese folk medicine for the treatment of hepatitis and malignant tumors of the liver, lung and stomach. However, another herb of O. corymbosa (L.) Lam is also used interchangeably in South China for treating the same conditions. To compare the efficacy of the two herbs, the antiproliferative effect of their extracts and the antiangiogenic activity of their main constituents were appraised. The Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay in human hepatoma HepG2 cells and human colon carcinoma CaCo2 cells and the zebrafish angiogenic model were used for this purpose. The results showed almost no antiproliferative effect of the methanol extracts from O. diffusa and O. corymbosa, while the chloroform extracts exhibited slightly antiproliferative effects. The main components had almost no effect on zebrafish angiogenic vessel formation at the concentrations tested. The results suggest that the mechanism of antitumor activity of O. diffusa may not be attributed to the antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Liang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kim KW, Jin UH, Kim DI, Lee TK, Kim MS, Oh MJ, Kim MS, Kwon DY, Lee YC, Kim CH. Antiproliferative effect ofScutellaria barbata D. Don. on cultured human uterine leiomyoma cells by down-regulation of the expression of Bcl-2 protein. Phytother Res 2008; 22:583-90. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
26
|
Willimott S, Barker J, Jones LA, Opara EI. Apoptotic effect of Oldenlandia diffusa on the leukaemic cell line HL60 and human lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 114:290-299. [PMID: 17936528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Revised: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 08/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Oldenlandia diffusa is traditionally prescribed in the treatment of a number of cancers and studies suggest that it exerts a cytotoxic action specific to cancer cells. To further investigate this suggested action, the effect(s) of Oldenlandia diffusa on leukaemic cells (HL60) and stimulated and unstimulated human blood lymphocytes (PBLs) was investigated. For the HL60s, cell growth, apoptotic induction, alterations in cell cycle characteristics and genotoxicity were investigated. For the PBLs, apoptotic induction and alterations in cell cycle characteristics were investigated. Preliminary chemical analysis to identify the cytotoxic constituents of Oldenlandia diffusa was also carried out. Results showed that Oldenlandia diffusa significantly inhibited the growth of the HL60s and induced apoptosis in a cell cycle-independent fashion, possibly through the induction of genotoxic damage. Oldenlandia diffusa did not induce apoptosis in the PBLs however progression through the cell cycle was not evident (in stimulated PBLs) suggesting some degree of cytotoxicity. Preliminary chemical analysis indicated that a number of compounds appear to be responsible for the cytotoxic action of Oldenlandia diffusa. These results indicate that HL60s are more sensitive to Oldenlandia diffusa than stimulated PBLs and thus support a cytotoxic action for Oldenlandia diffusa that has some degree of specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Willimott
- School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Penryhn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Suh SJ, Yoon JW, Lee TK, Jin UH, Kim SL, Kim MS, Kwon DY, Lee YC, Kim CH. Chemoprevention of Scutellaria bardata on human cancer cells and tumorigenesis in skin cancer. Phytother Res 2007; 21:135-41. [PMID: 17128438 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Scutellaria barbata D. Don (Lamiaceae) (SB) is a perennial herb, which is natively distributed throughout Korea and southern China. This herb is known in traditional Chinese medicine as Ban-Zhi-Lian and in traditional Korean medicine as Banjiryun. SB has been used as an antiinflammatory and antitumor agent. The SB showed strong growth-inhibitory activity and cancer chemopreventive activity in assays representing three major stages of carcinogenesis. The SB was found to act as an antimutagen; it mediated antiinflammatory effects; inhibited cyclooxygenase and hydroperoxidase functions (antipromotion activity). In addition, SB inhibited the development of preneoplastic lesions in carcinogen-treated mouse mammary glands in culture and inhibited tumorigenesis in a mouse skin cancer model. On the other hand, an inhibitory effect of SB on the growth of gynecological cancer cell lines such as HeLa cell and human ovary cancer (HOC) was shown. When HOC cells were treated with SB, the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 was inhibited. These data suggest that SB merits investigation as a potential cancer chemopreventive agent in humans, especially in gynecological cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Jong Suh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Chunchun-Dong 300, Suwon City, Kyunggi-Do 440-746, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kim JH, Lee EO, Lee HJ, Ku JS, Lee MH, Yang DC, Kim SH. Caspase Activation and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase/Akt Inhibition Were Involved in Luteolin-Induced Apoptosis in Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1095:598-611. [PMID: 17410645 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1397.102_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin was isolated from Scutellaria barbata D. Don (S. barbata). In the present study, we examined the underlying molecular mechanism of luteolin and its effect on in vivo tumor growth of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. Luteolin exhibited antiproliferative activity against LLC cells with IC50 of 12 microM. Luteolin effectively increased Annexin-V-positive cells as well as sub G1 DNA portion as seen on flow cytometric analysis. Western blotting has revealed that luteolin effectively activates caspase 9 and 3, cleaves poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and increases the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Furthermore, mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced by luteolin as seen on fluorescence microscopy. Luteolin downregulated the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, luteolin significantly inhibited the growth of LLC cells implanted on the flank of mice to 40% and 60% of untreated control group values at 2 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Similarly, luteolin significantly reduced the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as well as increased the expression of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) in tumor section of LLC-bearing mice as determined by immunohistochemistry. Taken together, these results suggest that luteolin exerts antitumor activity by caspase activation and ERK/Akt inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hyung Kim
- Department of Oncology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seochunri, Kiheungeup, Yongin 449-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kim JH, Lee EO, Lee HJ, Ku JS, Lee MH, Yang DC, Kim SH. Caspase Activation and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase/Akt Inhibition Were Involved in Luteolin-Induced Apoptosis in Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1090:147-60. [PMID: 17384257 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1378.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin was isolated from Scutellaria barbata D. Don (S. barbata). In the present study, we examined the underlying molecular mechanism of luteolin and its effect on in vivo tumor growth of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. Luteolin exhibited antiproliferative activity against LLC cells with IC50 of 12 microM. Luteolin effectively increased Annexin-V-positive cells as well as sub G1 DNA portion as seen on flow cytometric analysis. Western blotting has revealed that luteolin effectively activates caspase 9 and 3, cleaves poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and increases the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Furthermore, mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced by luteolin as seen on fluorescence microscopy. Luteolin downregulated the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, luteolin significantly inhibited the growth of LLC cells implanted on the flank of mice to 40% and 60% of untreated control group values at 2 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Similarly, luteolin significantly reduced the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as well as increased the expression of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) in tumor section of LLC-bearing mice as determined by immunohistochemistry. Taken together, these results suggest that luteolin exerts antitumor activity by caspase activation and ERK/Akt inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hyung Kim
- Department of Oncology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seochunri, Yongin 449-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yadav SK, Lee SC. Evidence for Oldenlandia diffusa-evoked cancer cell apoptosis through superoxide burst and caspase activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 4:485-9. [PMID: 16965742 DOI: 10.3736/jcim20060509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Oldenlandia diffusa (Bai Hua She She Cao) is one of the herbs most commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating cancer. Various studies using the herb alone or in combination with other therapy plans have evidenced the effectiveness of the herb in the management of cancers of different tissue origin. However, the mechanisms underlying its anti-cancer activity are unknown. In the present study, we attempted to investigate the apoptotic activity of crude extracts of the herb as well as the possible molecular pathways. METHODS We incubated human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL60 cells with ethanol or aqueous extracts of the herb, and determined the levels of intracellular superoxide at 2 and 4 hours as well as caspase activity at 3, 6 and 8 hours using photospectrometry. Cancer cell survival and apoptosis were quantified at 24 hours by using MTT and flow cytometry analyses respectively. RESULTS We found that it dose-dependently inhibited the cancer cell growth in MTT assay. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that it elicited significant production of sub-G(1) population of the cells, indicating the extract-evoked cell apoptotic death. The LD(50) of the ethanol extract was estimated to be approximately 320 microg/ml. Moreover, treatment of the cancer cells with the ethanol component markedly increased the production of superoxide within few hours. Significant elevation in the protease activities of caspases-2 and -3 were detected at as early as 3 and 6 hours respectively. CONCLUSION Our results show that the ethanol extract of the herb effectively evokes cancer cell apoptosis, possibly through burst-mediated caspase activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Kumar Yadav
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lee TK, Lee YJ, Kim DI, Kim HM, Chang YC, Kim CH. Pharmacological activity in growth inhibition and apoptosis of cultured human leiomyomal cells of tropical plant Scutellaria barbata D. Don (Lamiaceae). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2006; 21:70-79. [PMID: 21783641 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2005.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2005] [Accepted: 07/05/2005] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Scutellaria barbata D. Don (Lamiaceae) (SB), which is known in traditional Korean medicine, has been used as an anti-inflammatory and antitumor agent. Since uterine leiomyoma is the most common benign smooth muscle cell tumor of the myometrium, we aimed to determine the growth inhibition and the induction of apoptotic cell death brought about by the herb SB in two different leiomyomal cells, named LM-1 and LM-2, and to clarify the mechanism of this apoptosis. Water-soluble ingredients of SB, and the leiomyomal cell lines of LM-1 and LM-2, were used in vitro. Growth inhibition, induction of cell death, morphological features, the presence of DNA ladders, increases in Caspase 3-like activity, the effects of a Caspase 3 inhibitor on apoptotic cell death, and the release of Cytochrome C by SB were analyzed. SB inhibited the growth and decreased the viability of the leiomyomal cells. The viability of normal myomatrial smooth muscle cells (SMC) in the presence of low concentrations of SB was higher than those of leiomyomal cells. Apoptotic bodies and DNA ladders were observed to be induced in leiomyomal cells of LM-1 and LM-2 by SB. The synthetic tetrapeptide Caspase 3 inhibitor, N-acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aldehyde (Ac-DEVD-CHO), inhibited the apoptotic cell death of leiomyomal cells induced by SB. The Caspase 3-like activity in leiomyomal cells LM-1 and LM-2 increased after the addition of SB. Cytochrome C was released from mitochondria into the cytosol 8h after the addition of SB, and reached a peak at 16h. The peak of Cytochrome C release was earlier than that of Caspase 3-like activity. We concluded that SB inhibited the growth of the leiomyomal cells and induced apoptosis. The apoptosis of leiomyomal cells induced by SB was associated with the release of Cytochrome C from the mitochondria, followed by an increase in Caspase 3-like activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Kyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Gynecology, Dongguk University, College of Oriental Medicine and National Research Laboratory for Glycobiology, Sukjang-Dong 707, Kyungju City, Kyungbuk 780-714, Republic of Korea; LeeTaeKyun Hanbang Medical Clinic, Siji-Dong, Susong-Gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sun A, Chia JS, Chiang CP, Hsuen SP, Du JL, Wu CW, Wang WB. The chinese herbal medicine Tien-Hsien liquid inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in a wide variety of human cancer cells. J Altern Complement Med 2005; 11:245-56. [PMID: 15865490 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2005.11.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tien-Hsien liquid (THL) is a commercially available Chinese herbal mixture that has been used as an anticancer dietary supplement for more than 10 years. We recently showed that THL has strong immunomodulatory effects on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and T cells. To investigate the antitumor activity of THL further, we sought to test whether THL could induce apoptosis in various human cancer cell lines based on the fact that THL contains several components with tumor killing functions. DESIGN The growth inhibitory effect of THL on human cervical carcinoma C-33A cells, human lung carcinoma H1299 cells, and human PBMC was assessed by counting viable cells using the trypan blue dye exclusion method. The apoptosis-inducing activity of THL in H1299 cells was assessed by analyzing the cells with four assays: (1) Hoechst 33258 nuclear DNA staining; (2) the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay; (3) the nucleosomal DNA fragment ladder assay; and (4) the sub-G1 cell analysis. The activities of caspase-8, -9, and -3 in H1299 cells treated with or without THL were also measured to elucidate the possible mechanism underlying THL apoptosis-inducing effect. Finally, the apoptotic effect of THL on fifteen human cancer cell lines and normal human cells were analyzed by the TUNEL assay. RESULTS THL could induce apoptosis in all human cancer cell lines tested but not in normal human cells. THL treatment of H1299 cancer cells resulted in activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3 and the inhibitors of these caspases could partially block THL-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS THL has been used by numerous patients with cancer for many years with no known adverse effect. Our present study showing that THL had a broad-range tumor killing function has provided a molecular basis underlying THL therapeutic activity. Furthermore, because THL had apoptotic effects only on cancer cells but not on normal cells, this selectivity suggests that THL could be a potential cancer therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andy Sun
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lee TK, Kim DI, Song YL, Lee YC, Kim HM, Kim CH. Differential inhibition of Scutellaria barbata D. Don (Lamiaceae) on HCG-promoted proliferation of cultured uterine leiomyomal and myometrial smooth muscle cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2005; 26:329-42. [PMID: 15518168 DOI: 10.1081/iph-200026841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Scutellaria barbata D. Don (Lamiaceae)(SB) is a perennial herb which is natively distributed throughout Korea and southern China. This herb is known in traditional Chinese Medicine as Ban-Zhi-Lian and traditional Korean medicine as Banjiryun, respectively. SB has been used as an anti-inflammatory and antitumor agent. We aimed to determine the expressin of cell cycle-related signal molecules for growth inhibition after HCG treatment by the herb SB in two different human myometrial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and leiomyomal SMCs. Water-soluble ingredients of SB, myometrial SMCs and the leiomyomal cell lines were used in vitro. Uterine myomas often enlarge rapidly during pregnancy, implying that human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) may influences cell proliferation in uterine leiomyomata. We investigated the effects of SB on the cell proliferation and the expression of cell cycle-related proteins in these cells. Although HCG/LH receptor was present in both cultured myometrial and leiomyomal cells, as assayed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis, treatment with HCG significantly increased cell proliferation in both myometrial and leiomyomal cells. However, SB reduced the proliferative effect of HCG in leiomyoma and myometrial cells, respectively. In HCG-treated leiomyomal cells, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin E and cdc2 was significantly reduced by SB treatment. These results suggest that SB reduced the HCG-promoted proliferation of myometrial and leiomyomal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Kyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Gynecology, Dongguk University College of Oriental Medicine and National Research Laboratory for Glycobiology, Kyungju, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cha YY, Lee EO, Lee HJ, Park YD, Ko SG, Kim DH, Kim HM, Kang IC, Kim SH. Methylene chloride fraction of Scutellaria barbata induces apoptosis in human U937 leukemia cells via the mitochondrial signaling pathway. Clin Chim Acta 2004; 348:41-8. [PMID: 15369734 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2004.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2004] [Revised: 04/27/2004] [Accepted: 04/28/2004] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scutellaria barbata D.Don has been applied to treat cancers, inflammation and urinary disease. However, its antitumor mechanism still remains unclear. METHODS With methylene chloride fraction of Herba Scutellariae barbatae (MCSB), apoptosis-related experiments were carried out on human U937 leukemia cells by (a) 2,3-bis[2-4-nitro-5-sulphophenyl]2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) assay for cytotoxicity; (b) terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay for morphological changes; (c) cell cycle analysis; (d) Western blot analysis of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), caspase-8, caspase-9, caspase-3 and Bax, Bcl-2 and cytochrome c expressions for apoptosis signaling pathway. RESULTS MCSB inhibited the proliferation of human U937 leukemia cells in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = approximately 10 microg/ml). MCSB dose-dependently increased the sub-G1 DNA contents by cell cycle analysis. DNA fragments indicating induction of apoptosis were observed in MCSB-treated U937 cells by TUNEL assay. Caspase-9 and caspase-3 were activated while caspase-8 was intact by MCSB. Similarly, MCSB effectively cleaved PARP, increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and released the cytochrome c from mitochondria during apoptosis in U937 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that MCSB can induce apoptosis via the mitochondria-mediated signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yi Cha
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, KyungHee University, Yoingin 449-701, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lee TK, Cho HL, Kim DI, Lee YC, Kim CH. Scutellaria barbata D. Don induces c-fos gene expression in human uterine leiomyomal cells by activating beta2-adrenergic receptors. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2004; 14:526-31. [PMID: 15228428 DOI: 10.1111/j.1048-891x.2004.014315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Scutellaria barbata D. Don (Lamiaceae; SB) inhibited the growth of uterine leiomyomal (LM) cells with unknown actions. The expression patterns of beta-adrenergic receptors (beta-ARs) in human uterine LM cells and functional coupling to gene expression have also been investigated. Northern blot analysis showed that beta-AR subtypes are expressed at different levels in the uterine LM cells and myometrial smooth muscle cells (SMCs). beta1-AR expression was to be found approximately at the same level in the two cell types. beta2-ARs were expressed at higher levels in uterine LM cells than that in myometrial SMCs. beta3-AR expression was not found in both the cells. c-fos gene expression was induced by SB in uterine LM cells via increases in adenosine-3',5', cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), which in turn activated the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. The PKA inhibitor, H89, inhibited c-fos gene expression induced by SB. It seems that the mechanism of proto-oncogenes c-fos different leiomyoma from other myometrial cancer. Further studies are necessary to elucidate whether c-fos induction by SB in uterine LM cells influences a regression of leiomyoma or induces other differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T-K Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Gynecology, Dongguk University College of Oriental Medicine, and National Research Laboratory for Glycobiology, Korean Ministry of Science and Technology, Kyungju City, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lee TK, Kim DI, Han JY, Kim CH. Inhibitory Effects ofScutellaria BarbataD. Don. andEuonymus Alatus Sieb. on Aromatase Activity of Human Leiomyomal Cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2004; 26:315-27. [PMID: 15518167 DOI: 10.1081/iph-200026840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
It is now well documented that a large proportion of breast tumors express their own aromatase. This intratumoral aromatase produces estrogen in situ and therefore may contribute significantly to the amount of estrogen to which the cell is exposed. Thus it is not only important that aromatase inhibitors potently inhibit the peripheral production of estrogen and eliminate the external supply of estrogen to the tumor cell, but that they in addition potently inhibit intratumoral aromatase and prevent the tumor cell from making its own estrogen within the cell. To study the inhibition of intracellular aromatase, we have examined the aromatase-inhibiting potency of the Scutellaria barbata D. Don. (SB) and Euonymus alatus Sieb. (EA) in myometrial and leiomyomal cells which contain aromatase. We have also used human placental tissues. Although SB and EA are approximately equipotent in a cell-free aromatase system (human placental microsomes), EA is consistently 10-30 times more potent than SB in inhibiting intracellular aromatase in myometrial and leiomyomal cells. To provide insights into the effect of SB and EA on aromatase activity in leiomyomal cells, we examined the cell lines, which is induced to differentiate toward the more transformed cell phenotype by 12-tetradecanoylphorbal-13-acetate (TPA) as a protein kinase C activator and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). Enzyme activity was inhibited in a time-and dose-dependent fashion by SB and EA and by either 1-50 nM TPA or 0.01-0.5 ng/ml TGF-beta1, with maximal responses after 2-3 h exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Kyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Gynecology, Dongguk University College of Oriental Medicine and National Research Laboratory for Glycobiology, Kyungju, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liang HLM, Xue CCL, Li CG. Regression of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung by Chinese herbal medicine: a case with an 8-year follow-up. Lung Cancer 2004; 43:355-60. [PMID: 15165095 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2003.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2003] [Revised: 08/01/2003] [Accepted: 08/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A 51-year-old woman diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung (T2N2M0) by cytological tests and a CT scan has survived for 8 years. During this period of time, she had been treated with Chinese herbal medicine alone for 4 years. The herbal prescription consisted of nine Chinese medicinal herbs. These herbs have been reported to possess anti-tumour and immune enhancing effects. Therefore, it is suggested that the herbal treatment for this patient might have contributed to the complete regression of her lung carcinoma. Further research on the actions of these herbs is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H L M Liang
- RMIT Chinese Medicine Research Group, Bundoora West Campus, RMIT University, PO. Box 71, Bundoora, Vic. 3083, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chung HS, Jeong HJ, Hong SH, Kim MS, Kim SJ, Song BK, Jeong IS, Lee EJ, Ahn JW, Baek SH, Kim HM. Induction of nitric oxide synthase by Oldenlandia diffusa in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Biol Pharm Bull 2002; 25:1142-6. [PMID: 12230105 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.25.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oldenlandia diffusa (OD) has been used to treat malignant tumors. In this study using mouse peritoneal macrophages, we have examined the mechanism by which OD regulates nitric oxide (NO) production. When OD (1 mg/ml) was used in combination with 10 U/ml of recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma), there was a marked cooperative induction of NO production (36.13+/-7.12 microM) by the Griess method (nitrite). Treatment of macrophages with rIFN-gamma plus OD (1 mg/ml) caused a significant increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production (4.49+/-1.43 ng/ml) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The increased production of NO and TNF-alpha from rIFN-gamma-plus OD-stimulated cells was almost completely inhibited by pretreatment with 100 microM of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB). PDTC also inhibited phosphorylation of IkappaB in rIFN-gamma-plus OD-stimulated cells. These findings demonstrate that OD increases the production of NO and TNF-alpha by rIFN-gamma-primed macrophages and suggest that NF-kappaB plays a critical role in mediating these effects of OD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Suck Chung
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, South Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|