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Hoepers PG, Nunes PLF, Almeida-Souza HO, Martins MM, Carvalho RDDO, Dreyer CT, Aburjaile FF, Sommerfeld S, Azevedo V, Fonseca BB. Harnessing probiotics capability to combat Salmonella Heidelberg and improve intestinal health in broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103739. [PMID: 38678973 PMCID: PMC11060954 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The poultry industry faces significant challenges in controlling Salmonella contamination while reducing antibiotic use, particularly with the emergence of Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) strains posing risks to food safety and public health. Probiotics, notably lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Saccharomyces boulardii (SB) offer promising alternatives for mitigating Salmonella colonization in broilers. Understanding the efficacy of probiotics in combating SH and their impact on gut health and metabolism is crucial for improving poultry production practices and ensuring food safety standards. This study aimed to assess the inhibitory effects of LAB and SB against SH both in vitro and in vivo broilers, while also investigating their impact on fecal metabolites and caecal microbiome composition. In vitro analysis demonstrated strong inhibition of SH by certain probiotic strains, such as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP) and Lacticaseibacillus acidophilus (LA), while others like SB and Lactobacillus delbrueckii (LD) did not exhibit significant inhibition. In vivo testing revealed that broilers receiving probiotics had significantly lower SH concentrations in cecal content compared to the positive control (PC) at all ages, indicating a protective effect of probiotics against SH colonization. Metagenomic analysis of cecal-content microbiota identified predominant bacterial families and genera, highlighting changes in microbiota composition with age and probiotic supplementation. Additionally, fecal metabolomics profiling showed alterations in metabolite concentrations, suggesting reduced oxidative stress, intestinal inflammation, and improved gut health in probiotic-supplemented birds. These findings underscore the potential of probiotics to mitigate SH colonization and improve broiler health while reducing reliance on antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Lucas Figueiredo Nunes
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Hebreia Oliveira Almeida-Souza
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Mario Machado Martins
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Simone Sommerfeld
- Veterinary Medicine College, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Belchiolina Beatriz Fonseca
- Veterinary Medicine College, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil; Graduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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Ali MS, Song HJ, Moon BY, Kim SJ, Kang HY, Moon DC, Lee YH, Kwon DH, Yoon SS, Lim SK. Antibiotic Resistance Profiles and Molecular Characteristics of blaCMY-2-Carrying Salmonella enterica Serovar Albany Isolated from Chickens During 2013-2020 in South Korea. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:492-501. [PMID: 37699238 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of β-lactamase by nontyphoidal Salmonella has become a public health issue throughout the world. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profiles and molecular characteristics of β-lactamase-producing Salmonella enterica serovar Albany isolates. A total of 434 Salmonella Albany were obtained from feces and carcasses of healthy and diseased food-producing animals [cattle (n = 2), pigs (n = 3), chickens (n = 391), and ducks (n = 38)] during 2013-2020. Among the 434 Salmonella Albany isolates, 3.7% showed resistance to cefoxitin, and all the cefoxitin-resistant isolates were obtained from chickens. Moreover, Salmonella Albany isolates demonstrated high resistance to nalidixic acid (99.3%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (97.9%), ampicillin (86.6%), chloramphenicol (86.6%), and tetracycline (85.7%), as well as higher rates of multidrug resistance were detected in cefoxitin-resistant isolates compared to cefoxitin-susceptible isolates. All cefoxitin-resistant isolates harbored CMY-2-type β-lactamase and belonged to seven different pulsotypes, with type IV-b (43.75%) and IV-a (25%) making up the majority. In addition, genes encoding cefoxitin resistant of all blaCMY-2-harboring Salmonella Albany isolates were horizontally transmitted to a recipient Escherichia coli J53 by conjugation. Furthermore, 93.75% (15/16) of conjugative plasmids harboring blaCMY-2 genes belong to ST12/CC12-IncI1. Genetic characteristics of transmitted blaCMY-2 genes were associated with ISEcp1, which can play an essential role in the effective mobilization and expression of these genes. Salmonella Albany containing blaCMY-2 in chickens can potentially be transferred to humans. Therefore, it is necessary to restrict antibiotic use and conduct continuous monitoring and analysis of resistant bacteria in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sekendar Ali
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Song
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Youn Moon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jeong Kim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Kang
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Chan Moon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Hee Lee
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kwon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Seek Yoon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Kyung Lim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
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M’ikanatha NM, Yin X, Boktor SW, Dettinger LA, Tewari D. Integrated Surveillance for Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella From Clinical and Retail Meat Sources Reveals Genetically Related Isolates Harboring Quinolone- and Ceftriaxone-Resistant Determinants. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab213. [PMID: 34409121 PMCID: PMC8364758 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance in foodborne pathogens, including nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS), is a public health concern. Pennsylvania conducts integrated surveillance for antimicrobial resistance in NTS from human and animal sources. METHODS During 2015-2017, clinical laboratories submitted 4478 NTS isolates from humans and 96 isolates were found in 2520 retail meat samples. One hundred nine clinical isolates that shared pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns with meat isolates and all strains from meat samples were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Six clinical and 96 NTS isolates from meat sources (total 102) were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). RESULTS Twenty-eight (25.7%) of the 109 clinical NTS and 21 (21.9%) of strains from meat sources had resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial drug classes (multidrug resistance). Sixteen of the 102 (15.7%) isolates analyzed by WGS had resistance mechanisms that confer resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, such as ceftriaxone. We identified bla CTX-M-65 in 2 S. Infantis isolates from clinical and 3 S. Infantis isolates from meat sources. These 5 bla CTX-M-65-positive S. Infantis strains carried ≥5 additional resistance genes plus a D87Y mutation in gyrA that encodes fluoroquinolone resistance. WGS showed that isolates from patients and meat samples were within ≤10 and ≤5 alleles for S. Infantis and S. Reading, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of NTS isolates from human and animal sources were multidrug resistant and 16% had genetic mechanisms that confer resistant to ceftriaxone. These results emphasize need for integrated surveillance in healthcare and agricultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkuchia M M’ikanatha
- Division of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Pennsylvania Department of Health, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xin Yin
- Division of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Pennsylvania Department of Health, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sameh W Boktor
- Division of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Pennsylvania Department of Health, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa A Dettinger
- Bureau of Laboratories, Pennsylvania Department of Health, Exton, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Deepanker Tewari
- Pennsylvania Veterinary Laboratory, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
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Park S, Ronholm J. Staphylococcus aureus in Agriculture: Lessons in Evolution from a Multispecies Pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 34:e00182-20. [PMID: 33568553 PMCID: PMC7950364 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00182-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a formidable bacterial pathogen that is responsible for infections in humans and various species of wild, companion, and agricultural animals. The ability of S. aureus to move between humans and livestock is due to specific characteristics of this bacterium as well as modern agricultural practices. Pathoadaptive clonal lineages of S. aureus have emerged and caused significant economic losses in the agricultural sector. While humans appear to be a primary reservoir for S. aureus, the continued expansion of the livestock industry, globalization, and ubiquitous use of antibiotics has increased the dissemination of pathoadaptive S. aureus in this environment. This review comprehensively summarizes the available literature on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, genomics, antibiotic resistance (ABR), and clinical manifestations of S. aureus infections in domesticated livestock. The availability of S. aureus whole-genome sequence data has provided insight into the mechanisms of host adaptation and host specificity. Several lineages of S. aureus are specifically adapted to a narrow host range on a short evolutionary time scale. However, on a longer evolutionary time scale, host-specific S. aureus has jumped the species barrier between livestock and humans in both directions several times. S. aureus illustrates how close contact between humans and animals in high-density environments can drive evolution. The use of antibiotics in agriculture also drives the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, making the possible emergence of human-adapted ABR strains from agricultural practices concerning. Addressing the concerns of ABR S. aureus, without negatively affecting agricultural productivity, is a challenging priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoun Park
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jennifer Ronholm
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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Yao K, González-Escalona N, Hoffmann M. Multiple Displacement Amplification as a Solution for Low Copy Number Plasmid Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:617487. [PMID: 33643244 PMCID: PMC7904871 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.617487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmids play a major role in bacterial adaptation to environmental stress and often contribute to antibiotic resistance and disease virulence. Although the complete sequence of each plasmid is essential for studying plasmid biology, most antibiotic resistance and virulence plasmids in Salmonella are present only in a low copy number, making extraction and sequencing difficult. Long read sequencing technologies require higher concentrations of DNA to provide optimal results. To resolve this problem, we assessed the sufficiency of multiple displacement amplification (MDA) for replicating Salmonella plasmid DNA to a satisfactory concentration for accurate sequencing and multiplexing. Nine Salmonella enterica isolates, representing nine different serovars carrying plasmids for which sequence data are already available at NCBI, were cultured and their plasmids isolated using an alkaline lysis extraction protocol. We then used the Phi29 polymerase to perform MDA, thereby obtaining enough plasmid DNA for long read sequencing. These amplified plasmids were multiplexed and sequenced on one single molecule, real-time (SMRT) cell with the Pacific Biosciences (Pacbio) Sequel sequencer. We were able to close all Salmonella plasmids (sizes ranged from 38 to 166 Kb) with sequencing coverage from 24 to 2,582X. This protocol, consisting of plasmid isolation, MDA, and multiplex sequencing, is an effective and fast method for closing high-molecular weight and low-copy-number plasmids. This high throughput protocol reduces the time and cost of plasmid closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Yao
- Division of Microbiology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Narjol González-Escalona
- Division of Microbiology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Maria Hoffmann
- Division of Microbiology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
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Nair D, Vazhakkattu Thomas J, Dewi G, Brannon J, Noll S, Johnson T, Cox R, Kollanoor Johny A. Propionibacterium freudenreichii freudenreichii B3523 reduces cecal colonization and internal organ dissemination of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Heidelberg in finishing turkeys. J APPL POULTRY RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Belizário JE, Sircili MP. Novel biotechnological approaches for monitoring and immunization against resistant to antibiotics Escherichia coli and other pathogenic bacteria. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:420. [PMID: 33138825 PMCID: PMC7607641 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02633-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of next-generation molecular, biochemical and immunological methods for developing new vaccines, antimicrobial compounds, probiotics and prebiotics for zoonotic infection control has been fundamental to the understanding and preservation of the symbiotic relationship between animals and humans. With increasing rates of antibiotic use, resistant bacterial infections have become more difficult to diagnose, treat, and eradicate, thereby elevating the importance of surveillance and prevention programs. Effective surveillance relies on the availability of rapid, cost-effective methods to monitor pathogenic bacterial isolates. In this opinion article, we summarize the results of some research program initiatives for the improvement of live vaccines against avian enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli using virulence factor gene deletion and engineered vaccine vectors based on probiotics. We also describe methods for the detection of pathogenic bacterial strains in eco-environmental headspace and aerosols, as well as samples of animal and human breath, based on the composition of volatile organic compounds and fatty acid methyl esters. We explain how the introduction of these low-cost biotechnologies and protocols will provide the opportunity to enhance co-operation between networks of resistance surveillance programs and integrated routine workflows of veterinary and clinical public health microbiology laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- José E Belizário
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo P Sircili
- Laboratory of Genetics, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05503-900, Brazil
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8
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AlYousef MK, Al-Sayed AA, Al Afif A, Alamoudi U, LeBlanc JM, LeBlanc R. A pain in the neck: Salmonella spp. as an unusual cause of a thyroid abscess. A case report and review of the literature. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:436. [PMID: 32571225 PMCID: PMC7310241 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05161-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid gland infections are rare. Their incidence is estimated to be less than 1% in immunocompromised hosts. Most common pathogens isolated are Gram positive aerobic cocci. Infections with Gram negative facultative aerobes such as Salmonella are rare. Case presentation A 55-year-old female with type II diabetes mellitus and a history of a colloid right thyroid lobe nodule presented with neck pain and fever. She was found to have a thyroid abscess 2 weeks following a non-specific diarrheal illness. A needle aspiration for symptomatic and diagnostic purposes was performed. Cultures grew Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg. She was treated with a 12-week course of oral antibiotics and serial aspiration. Conclusion A thyroid abscess is a rare occurrence; however, a high index of suspicion is required to make the diagnosis. The management is directed at minimizing morbidity. The mainstay treatment is medical, but surgery is sometimes necessary to achieve adequate source control, particularly when complications arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha K AlYousef
- School of Education, Acadia University, 22 Crowell Drive, Wolfville, NS, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Ahmed A Al-Sayed
- Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, 5850 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8, Canada. .,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ayham Al Afif
- Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, 5850 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Uthman Alamoudi
- Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, 5850 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8, Canada.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hail University, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaclyn M LeBlanc
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5780 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3H 1V7, Canada
| | - Robin LeBlanc
- Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, 5850 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8, Canada
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Souza AIS, Saraiva MMS, Casas MRT, Oliveira GM, Cardozo MV, Benevides VP, Barbosa FO, Freitas Neto OC, Almeida AM, Berchieri A. High occurrence of β-lactamase-producing Salmonella Heidelberg from poultry origin. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230676. [PMID: 32231395 PMCID: PMC7108700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Heidelberg is commonly reported in foodborne outbreaks around the world, and chickens and poultry products are known as important source of these pathogen. Multidrug-resistant S. Heidelberg strains are disseminated into poultry production chair, which can lead to severe clinical infections in humans and of difficult to treat. This study aimed at evaluating the β-lactam susceptibility and genotypic relatedness of Salmonella Heidelberg at Brazilian poultry production chain. Sixty-two S. Heidelberg strains from poultry production chain (poultry, poultry meat and poultry farm) were used. All strains were evaluated to antimicrobial susceptibility by diffusion disk test, as well as β-lactam resistance genes. Genotypic relatedness was assessed by Pulsed-Field Gel Eletrophoresis, using Xba1 restriction enzyme. Forty-one strains were characterized as multidrug-resistant according to phenotype characterization. The resistance susceptibility revealed 31 distinct profiles, with higher prevalence of streptomycin (61/62), nalidixic acid (50/62), tetracycline (43/62) and β-lactam drugs (37/62). blaCMY-2 was the more frequent β-lactamase gene found (38/62); other resistance genes found were blaCTX-M (2/62), blaSHV (3/62) and blaTEM-1 (38/62). No carbapenemase genes was found. The Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis showed 58 different profiles. Strains with a larger number of antimicrobial resistance were grouped into ten major clusters apart from others. The spread of resistance by ampC continues to rise, thereby turning concern to public health, since the β-lactam antimicrobials are used as a therapeutic treatment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei I S Souza
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory of Avian Pathology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology Postgraduation Program, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro M S Saraiva
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory of Avian Pathology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monique R T Casas
- Nucleus of Enteric Diseases and Infections by Special Pathogens of the Center for Bacteriology of the Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo M Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory of Avian Pathology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marita V Cardozo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valdinete P Benevides
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory of Avian Pathology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology Postgraduation Program, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda O Barbosa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory of Avian Pathology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- Veterinary Medicine Postgraduation Program, School of Agricultural ad Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana M Almeida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory of Avian Pathology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angelo Berchieri
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory of Avian Pathology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Elhariri M, Elhelw R, Selim S, Ibrahim M, Hamza D, Hamza E. Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg Isolated from Broiler Chickens and Poultry Workers: A Potential Hazard. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 17:373-381. [PMID: 31755782 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2019.2719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the emergence of multidrug-resistance (MDR), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg in broiler chickens and workers in poultry farms. A total of 33 S. Heidelberg isolates were recovered; 24 from the broiler cloacal swabs and 9 from the farm workers. All the S. Heidelberg isolates were tested for susceptibility to 11 antimicrobial agents and for the presence of resistance and virulence genes. MDR strains were found in 95.8% (23/24) and 88.8% (8/9) of the broiler and human isolates, respectively. Among the MDR strains, 66.6% of the broiler isolates and 55.5% of the human isolates were ESBL producing. The majority of broiler isolates showed resistance to ampicillin (100%) and ceftriaxone (91.6%), followed by ceftazidime and imipenem, (87.5%) and (75%). The resistance rate of the human isolates to those antibiotics were lower than the broiler isolates; ampicillin (88.8%), ceftriaxone (66.6%), ceftazidime (77.7%), and imipenem (66.6%). The resistance determinant genes found among the isolated strains was blaSHV-1, blaTEM-1, blaCMY-2, blaOXA-1, blaCMY-M2, blaPSE-1, and ampC. The most detected ESBL genes for broiler and human isolates were ampC (63.7%) and blaSHV-1 (56.6%), followed by blaCMY-M2 (48.5%), blaTEM-1 (39.4%), and blaOXA-1 (27.3%); whereas blaCMY-2 and blaPSE-1 were not detected. The finding of chromosomal and plasmid virulence genes revealed that the invA (100%), stn, sipC, and rck (72.8%), spvC (66.7%), ssr (63.6%), sopB (54.6%), and hilA and sipA (3.0%), while pefA and ssaR were absent. An elevated rate of MDR Salmonella Heidelberg in chickens is of potential great health risk. This signifies the role of the food of animal origin as a reservoir of MDR Salmonella that can affect the human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elhariri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab Elhelw
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Salah Selim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai Ibrahim
- Directorate of Veterinary Medicine, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia Hamza
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman Hamza
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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11
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Denagamage TN, Wallner-Pendleton E, Jayarao BM, Xiaoli L, Dudley EG, Wolfgang D, Kariyawasam S. Detection of CTX-M-1 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase among ceftiofur-resistant Salmonella enterica clinical isolates of poultry. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:681-687. [PMID: 31342869 PMCID: PMC6727121 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719864384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) conferred by cefotaximases (blaCTX-M) is a growing concern in the United States. Among food-producing animals, poultry are a major reservoir of ESC-resistant Salmonella. A retrospective study was carried out to further characterize 38 ceftiofur-resistant clinical Salmonella enterica isolates obtained from poultry during 2007-2018. Of the isolates tested, 31 displayed resistance to ceftriaxone and harbored blaCMY-2, whereas 7 isolates demonstrated resistance or reduced susceptibility to cefepime in addition to ceftriaxone resistance. These 7 isolates displayed extended-spectrum β-lactamase activity, harbored blaCTX-M-1, and were recovered only from recent poultry diagnostic submissions made in 2011-2018 as opposed to the 31 isolates that were recovered in 2007-2018. Further characterization of the blaCTX-M-1 gene determined that it was located on conjugative IncN/ST1 and IncI1/ST87 plasmids in the isolates from commercial turkeys and broilers, respectively. These plasmids have been responsible for extensive spread of blaCTX-M-1 in livestock, poultry, and humans in Europe. Potential transfer of IncN and IncI1 plasmids and/or nontyphoidal Salmonella carrying these plasmids through the food chain, or by other means to humans, may result in treatment failures. Our study demonstrates the importance of further characterization of ceftiofur-resistant S. enterica isolates detected by veterinary diagnostic laboratories to identify the sources of blaCTX-M-1 and to mitigate the spread of ESC-resistant Salmonella in the poultry production pyramid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N. Denagamage
- Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences (Denagamage, Wallner-Pendleton, Jayarao, Kariyawasam), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Food Science (Xiaoli, Dudley), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, PA (Wolfgang)
- Departments of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Denagamage), University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL
- Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine (Kariyawasam), University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Eva Wallner-Pendleton
- Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences (Denagamage, Wallner-Pendleton, Jayarao, Kariyawasam), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Food Science (Xiaoli, Dudley), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, PA (Wolfgang)
- Departments of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Denagamage), University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL
- Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine (Kariyawasam), University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Bhushan M. Jayarao
- Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences (Denagamage, Wallner-Pendleton, Jayarao, Kariyawasam), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Food Science (Xiaoli, Dudley), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, PA (Wolfgang)
- Departments of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Denagamage), University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL
- Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine (Kariyawasam), University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Lingzi Xiaoli
- Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences (Denagamage, Wallner-Pendleton, Jayarao, Kariyawasam), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Food Science (Xiaoli, Dudley), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, PA (Wolfgang)
- Departments of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Denagamage), University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL
- Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine (Kariyawasam), University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Edward G. Dudley
- Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences (Denagamage, Wallner-Pendleton, Jayarao, Kariyawasam), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Food Science (Xiaoli, Dudley), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, PA (Wolfgang)
- Departments of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Denagamage), University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL
- Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine (Kariyawasam), University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - David Wolfgang
- Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences (Denagamage, Wallner-Pendleton, Jayarao, Kariyawasam), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Food Science (Xiaoli, Dudley), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, PA (Wolfgang)
- Departments of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Denagamage), University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL
- Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine (Kariyawasam), University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Subhashinie Kariyawasam
- Subhashinie Kariyawasam, Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610.
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12
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Jamborova I, Janecko N, Halova D, Sedmik J, Mezerova K, Papousek I, Kutilova I, Dolejska M, Cizek A, Literak I. Molecular characterization of plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase- and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae among corvids (Corvus brachyrhynchos and Corvus corax) roosting in Canada. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 94:5078344. [PMID: 30137290 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the carriage of AmpC and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes and associated plasmids in faecal bacteria of Canadian corvids. Faecal samples from 449 birds in five roosting sites across Canada were analyzed using selective media, screening for AmpC and ESBL genes by PCR, and sequencing. Genomic relatedness was determined by PFGE and MLST. Plasmid mobility was studied by conjugation and transformation experiments, followed by plasmid typing. In total, 96 (21%, n = 449) cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli and three (0.7%) Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were identified. ESBL genes blaCTX-M-1 (n = 3), blaCTX-M-14 (n = 2), blaCTX-M-32 (n = 2) and blaCTX-M-124 (n = 1) were detected in eight E. coli isolates, whereas blaSHV-2 (2) was found in two K. pneumoniae. E. coli isolates contained blaCMY-2 (n = 83) and blaCMY-42 (n = 1). The high genetic diversity of the isolates and presence of clinically important E. coli ST69 (n = 1), ST117 (n = 7) and ST131 (n = 1) was revealed. AmpC genes were predominantly carried by plasmids of incompatibility groups I1 (45 plasmids), A/C (10) and K (7). The plasmid IncI1/ST12 was most common and found in diverse E. coli STs in all sites. Highly diverse E. coli isolates containing AmpC and ESBL genes, including clinically important clones and emerging plasmids, are in circulation throughout Canadian wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Jamborova
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nicol Janecko
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Dana Halova
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Sedmik
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Mezerova
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Papousek
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Kutilova
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Dolejska
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alois Cizek
- CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Literak
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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13
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Phylogenomic Investigation of IncI1-Iγ Plasmids Harboring bla CMY-2 and bla SHV-12 in Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli in Multiple Countries. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.02546-18. [PMID: 31085509 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02546-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to elucidate the genetic and evolutionary relatedness of bla CMY-2- and bla SHV-12-carrying IncI1-Iγ plasmids. Phylogenomic analysis based on core genome alignments and gene presence/absence was performed for different IncI1-Iγ sequence types (STs). Most IncI1-Iγ/ST12 and IncI1-Iγ/ST231 plasmids had near-identical core genomes. The data suggest that widely occurring bla CMY-2-carrying IncI1-Iγ/ST12 plasmids originate from a common ancestor. In contrast, bla SHV-12 was inserted independently into different IncI1-Iγ/ST231-related plasmids.
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14
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McMillan EA, Gupta SK, Williams LE, Jové T, Hiott LM, Woodley TA, Barrett JB, Jackson CR, Wasilenko JL, Simmons M, Tillman GE, McClelland M, Frye JG. Antimicrobial Resistance Genes, Cassettes, and Plasmids Present in Salmonella enterica Associated With United States Food Animals. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:832. [PMID: 31057528 PMCID: PMC6479191 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of antimicrobial resistance (AR) to transfer, on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) between bacteria, can cause the rapid establishment of multidrug resistance (MDR) in bacteria from animals, thus creating a foodborne risk to human health. To investigate MDR and its association with plasmids in Salmonella enterica, whole genome sequence (WGS) analysis was performed on 193 S. enterica isolated from sources associated with United States food animals between 1998 and 2011; 119 were resistant to at least one antibiotic tested. Isolates represented 86 serotypes and variants, as well as diverse phenotypic resistance profiles. A total of 923 AR genes and 212 plasmids were identified among the 193 strains. Every isolate contained at least one AR gene. At least one plasmid was detected in 157 isolates. Genes were identified for resistance to aminoglycosides (n = 472), β-lactams (n = 84), tetracyclines (n = 171), sulfonamides (n = 91), phenicols (n = 42), trimethoprim (n = 8), macrolides (n = 5), fosfomycin (n = 48), and rifampicin (n = 2). Plasmid replicon types detected in the isolates were A/C (n = 32), ColE (n = 76), F (n = 43), HI1 (n = 4), HI2 (n = 20), I1 (n = 62), N (n = 4), Q (n = 7), and X (n = 35). Phenotypic resistance correlated with the AR genes identified in 95.4% of cases. Most AR genes were located on plasmids, with many plasmids harboring multiple AR genes. Six antibiotic resistance cassette structures (ARCs) and one pseudo-cassette were identified. ARCs contained between one and five resistance genes (ARC1: sul2, strAB, tetAR; ARC2: aac3-iid; ARC3: aph, sph; ARC4: cmy-2; ARC5: floR; ARC6: tetB; pseudo-ARC: aadA, aac3-VIa, sul1). These ARCs were present in multiple isolates and on plasmids of multiple replicon types. To determine the current distribution and frequency of these ARCs, the public NCBI database was analyzed, including WGS data on isolates collected by the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) from 2014 to 2018. ARC1, ARC4, and ARC5 were significantly associated with cattle isolates, while ARC6 was significantly associated with chicken isolates. This study revealed that a diverse group of plasmids, carrying AR genes, are responsible for the phenotypic resistance seen in Salmonella isolated from United States food animals. It was also determined that many plasmids carry similar ARCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sushim K Gupta
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Laura E Williams
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Thomas Jové
- INSERM, CHU Limoges, RESINFIT, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Lari M Hiott
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Tiffanie A Woodley
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, United States
| | - John B Barrett
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Charlene R Jackson
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jamie L Wasilenko
- Eastern Lab, United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Mustafa Simmons
- Eastern Lab, United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Glenn E Tillman
- Eastern Lab, United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Michael McClelland
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan G Frye
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, United States
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15
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Jajere SM. A review of Salmonella enterica with particular focus on the pathogenicity and virulence factors, host specificity and antimicrobial resistance including multidrug resistance. Vet World 2019; 12:504-521. [PMID: 31190705 PMCID: PMC6515828 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.504-521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella genus represents the most common foodborne pathogens frequently isolated from food-producing animals that is responsible for zoonotic infections in humans and animal species including birds. Thus, Salmonella infections represent a major concern to public health, animals, and food industry worldwide. Salmonella enterica represents the most pathogenic specie and includes > 2600 serovars characterized thus far. Salmonella can be transmitted to humans along the farm-to-fork continuum, commonly through contaminated foods of animal origin, namely poultry and poultry-related products (eggs), pork, fish etc. Some Salmonella serovars are restricted to one specific host commonly referred to as "host-restricted" whereas others have broad host spectrum known as "host-adapted" serovars. For Salmonella to colonize its hosts through invading, attaching, and bypassing the host's intestinal defense mechanisms such as the gastric acid, many virulence markers and determinants have been demonstrated to play crucial role in its pathogenesis; and these factors included flagella, capsule, plasmids, adhesion systems, and type 3 secretion systems encoded on the Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI)-1 and SPI-2, and other SPIs. The epidemiologically important non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars linked with a high burden of foodborne Salmonella outbreaks in humans worldwide included Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Heidelberg, and Newport. The increased number of NTS cases reported through surveillance in recent years from the United States, Europe and low- and middle-income countries of the world suggested that the control programs targeted at reducing the contamination of food animals along the food chain have largely not been successful. Furthermore, the emergence of several clones of Salmonella resistant to multiple antimicrobials worldwide underscores a significant food safety hazard. In this review, we discussed on the historical background, nomenclature and taxonomy, morphological features, physical and biochemical characteristics of NTS with a particular focus on the pathogenicity and virulence factors, host specificity, transmission, and antimicrobial resistance including multidrug resistance and its surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Mohammed Jajere
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
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16
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Kiros T, Gaydos T, Corley J, Raspoet R, Berghaus R, Hofacre C. Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast products in reducing direct colonization and horizontal transmission of Salmonella Heidelberg in broilers. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfy012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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17
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Cesare AD, Parisi A, Lucchi A, Capozzi L, Bianco A, Pasquali F, Manfreda G. Microbiota analysis and microbiological hazard assessment in poultry carcasses from conventional and antibiotic free farms. Ital J Food Saf 2018; 7:7706. [PMID: 30854341 PMCID: PMC6379692 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2018.7706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess microbiota and microbiological hazards in poultry carcasses from animals reared in conventional (n=15) and antibiotic free (n=15) farms. An aliquot of neck and breast skin was obtained from each individual carcass at the end of the refrigeration tunnel and submitted to DNA extraction. Total DNA was sequenced in the 16S rRNA and reads analysed with MG-RAST to classify the colonising bacteria up to the genus level and compare each taxonomic group in terms of mean relative frequency of abundance in conventional and antibiotic free carcasses. Firmicutes displayed abundances always higher than 38% but did not show statistically significative differences between conventional and antibiotic free carcasses. On the contrary, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were significantly higher in antibiotic free then conventional carcasses (21.57 vs 10.95%; 19.29 vs 12.05%), whereas Proteobacteria were higher in the latter (33.19 vs 19.52%). The genera significantly higher in antibiotic free than conventional carcasses were Chryseobacterium (10.07 vs 1.94%), Rothia (3.08 vs 0.77%) and Micrococcus (1.12 vs 0.16%), while Shewanella was significantly higher in conventional carcasses (1.38 vs 0.26%). Among Firmicutes, the genera significantly higher in conventional carcasses were Ureibacillus (1.45 vs 0.11%) and Bacillus (3.28 vs 0.56%). The higher abundance of Proteobacteria in conventional carcasses might suggest that hygienic conditions in conventional farms are worse than antibiotic free farms. However, from a food safety point of view, Salmonella was not detected in both kinds of carcasses and the Campylobacter mean relative frequency of abundance was always lower than 0.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra De Cesare
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna
| | - Antonio Parisi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Sezione di Putignano, Bari, Italy
| | - Alex Lucchi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna
| | - Loredana Capozzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Sezione di Putignano, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Bianco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Sezione di Putignano, Bari, Italy
| | - Frederique Pasquali
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna
| | - Gerardo Manfreda
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna
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18
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Castellanos LR, van der Graaf-van Bloois L, Donado-Godoy P, León M, Clavijo V, Arévalo A, Bernal JF, Mevius DJ, Wagenaar JA, Zomer A, Hordijk J. Genomic Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Salmonella enterica in the Colombian Poultry Chain. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2431. [PMID: 30459720 PMCID: PMC6232905 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovars have been isolated from Colombian broilers and broiler meat. The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of ESBL/pAmpC genes in extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistant Salmonella enterica and the phylogeny of ESBL/pAmpC-carrying Salmonella using Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS). A total of 260 cefotaxime resistant Salmonella isolates, obtained between 2008 and 2013 from broiler farms, slaughterhouses and retail, were included. Isolates were screened by PCR for ESBL/pAmpC genes. Gene and plasmid subtyping and strain Multi Locus Sequence Typing was performed in silico for a selection of fully sequenced isolates. Core-genome-based analyses were performed per ST encountered. bla CMY-2-like was carried in 168 isolates, 52 carried bla CTX-M-2 group, 7 bla SHV, 5 a combination of bla CMY-2-like-bla SHV and 3 a combination of bla CMY-2-like-bla CTX-M-2 group. In 25 isolates no ESBL/pAmpC genes that were screened for were found. WGS characterization of 36 selected strains showed plasmid-encoded bla CMY-2 in 21, bla CTX-M-165 in 11 and bla SHV-12 in 7 strains. These genes were mostly carried on IncI1/ST12, IncQ1, and IncI1/ST231 plasmids, respectively. Finally, 17 strains belonged to S. Heidelberg ST15, 16 to S. Paratyphi B variant Java ST28, 1 to S. Enteritidis ST11, 1 to S. Kentucky ST152 and 1 to S. Albany ST292. Phylogenetic comparisons with publicly available genomes showed separate clustering of Colombian S. Heidelberg and S. Paratyphi B var. Java. In conclusion, resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in Salmonella from Colombian poultry is mainly encoded by bla CMY-2 and bla CTX-M-165 genes. These genes are mostly associated with IncI1/ST12 and IncQ1 plasmids, respectively. Evolutionary divergence is observed between Colombian S. Heidelberg and S. Paratyphi B var. Java and those from other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ricardo Castellanos
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Colombian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance – Coipars, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - Corpoica, Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Linda van der Graaf-van Bloois
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pilar Donado-Godoy
- Colombian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance – Coipars, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - Corpoica, Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Maribel León
- Dirección Técnica de Inocuidad e Insumos Veterinarios, Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario - ICA, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Viviana Clavijo
- Colombian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance – Coipars, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - Corpoica, Mosquera, Colombia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Los Andes University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Arévalo
- Colombian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance – Coipars, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - Corpoica, Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Johan F. Bernal
- Colombian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance – Coipars, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - Corpoica, Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Dik J. Mevius
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Jaap A. Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Aldert Zomer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joost Hordijk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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19
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Dolejska M, Papagiannitsis CC. Plasmid-mediated resistance is going wild. Plasmid 2018; 99:99-111. [PMID: 30243983 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria have been increasingly reported in humans, companion animals and farm animals. The growing trend of plasmid-mediated resistance to antimicrobial classes of critical importance is attributed to the emergence of epidemic plasmids, rapidly disseminating resistance genes among the members of Enterobacteriaceae family. The use of antibiotics to treat humans and animals has had a significant impact on the environment and on wild animals living and feeding in human-influenced habitats. Wildlife can acquire MDR bacteria selected in hospitals, community or livestock from diverse sources, including wastewater, sewage systems, landfills, farm facilities or agriculture fields. Therefore, wild animals are considered indicators of environmental pollution by antibiotic resistant bacteria, but they can also act as reservoirs and vectors spreading antibiotic resistance across the globe. The level of resistance and reported plasmid-mediated resistance mechanisms observed in bacteria of wildlife origin seem to correlate well with the situation described in humans and domestic animals. Additionaly, the identification of epidemic plasmids in samples from different human, animal and wildlife sources underlines the role of horizontal gene transfer in the dissemination of resistance genes. The present review focuses on reports of plasmid-mediated resistance to critically important antimicrobial classes such as broad-spectrum beta-lactams and colistin in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from samples of wildlife origin. The role of plasmids in the dissemination of ESBL-, AmpC- and carbapenemase-encoding genes as well as plasmid-mediated colistin resistance determinants in wildlife are discussed, and their similarities to plasmids previously identified in samples of human clinical or livestock origin are highlighted. Furthermore, we present features of completely sequenced plasmids reported from wildlife Enterobacteriaceae isolates, with special focus on genes that could be associated with the plasticity and stable maintenance of these molecules in antibiotic-free environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dolejska
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic; CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Costas C Papagiannitsis
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic; CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic; Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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20
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Cao G, Allard M, Hoffmann M, Muruvanda T, Luo Y, Payne J, Meng K, Zhao S, McDermott P, Brown E, Meng J. Sequence Analysis of IncA/C and IncI1 Plasmids Isolated from Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Newport Using Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:361-371. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guojie Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland
| | - Marc Allard
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland
| | - Maria Hoffmann
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland
| | - Tim Muruvanda
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland
| | - Yan Luo
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland
| | - Justin Payne
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland
| | - Kevin Meng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Shaohua Zhao
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland
| | - Patrick McDermott
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland
| | - Eric Brown
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland
| | - Jianghong Meng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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21
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Harvey RR, Friedman CR, Crim SM, Judd M, Barrett KA, Tolar B, Folster JP, Griffin PM, Brown AC. Epidemiology of Salmonella enterica Serotype Dublin Infections among Humans, United States, 1968-2013. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23. [PMID: 28820133 PMCID: PMC5572876 DOI: 10.3201/eid2309.170136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection incidence and antimicrobial drug resistance are increasing. Salmonella enterica serotype Dublin is a cattle-adapted bacterium that typically causes bloodstream infections in humans. To summarize demographic, clinical, and antimicrobial drug resistance characteristics of human infections with this organism in the United States, we analyzed data for 1968–2013 from 5 US surveillance systems. During this period, the incidence rate for infection with Salmonella Dublin increased more than that for infection with other Salmonella. Data from 1 system (FoodNet) showed that a higher percentage of persons with Salmonella Dublin infection were hospitalized and died during 2005−2013 (78% hospitalized, 4.2% died) than during 1996–2004 (68% hospitalized, 2.7% died). Susceptibility data showed that a higher percentage of isolates were resistant to >7 classes of antimicrobial drugs during 2005–2013 (50.8%) than during 1996–2004 (2.4%).
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22
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Majowicz SE, Parmley EJ, Carson C, Pintar K. Identifying non-traditional stakeholders with whom to engage, when mitigating antimicrobial resistance in foodborne pathogens (Canada). BMC Res Notes 2018. [PMID: 29530079 PMCID: PMC5848523 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical public health issue that involves interrelationships between people, animals, and the environment. Traditionally, interdisciplinary efforts to mitigate AMR in the food chain have involved public health, human and veterinary medicine, and agriculture stakeholders. Our objective was to identify a more diverse range of stakeholders, beyond those traditionally engaged in AMR mitigation efforts, via diagramming both proximal and distal factors impacting, or impacted by, use and resistance along the Canadian food chain. Results We identified multiple stakeholders that are not traditionally engaged by public health when working to mitigate AMR in the food chain, including those working broadly in the area of food (e.g., nutrition, food security, international market economists) and health (e.g., health communication, program evaluation), as well as in domains as diverse as law, politics, demography, education, and social innovation. These findings can help researchers and policymakers who work on issues related to AMR in the food chain to move beyond engaging the ‘traditional’ agri-food stakeholders (e.g., veterinarians, farmers), to also engage those from the wider domains identified here, as potential stakeholders in their AMR mitigation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E Majowicz
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - E Jane Parmley
- Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, 160 Research Lane, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Carolee Carson
- Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, 160 Research Lane, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Katarina Pintar
- Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, 160 Research Lane, Guelph, ON, Canada
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23
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McLellan JE, Pitcher AJ, Ballard SA, Grabsch EA, Bell JM, Barton M, Grayson ML. Superbugs in the supermarket? Assessing the rate of contamination with third-generation cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative bacteria in fresh Australian pork and chicken. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2018; 7:30. [PMID: 29484175 PMCID: PMC5824441 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-018-0322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotic misuse in food-producing animals is potentially associated with human acquisition of multidrug-resistant (MDR; resistance to ≥ 3 drug classes) bacteria via the food chain. We aimed to determine if MDR Gram-negative (GNB) organisms are present in fresh Australian chicken and pork products. Methods We sampled raw, chicken drumsticks (CD) and pork ribs (PR) from 30 local supermarkets/butchers across Melbourne on two occasions. Specimens were sub-cultured onto selective media for third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GCR) GNBs, with species identification and antibiotic susceptibility determined for all unique colonies. Isolates were assessed by PCR for SHV, TEM, CTX-M, AmpC and carbapenemase genes (encoding IMP, VIM, KPC, OXA-48, NDM). Results From 120 specimens (60 CD, 60 PR), 112 (93%) grew a 3GCR-GNB (n = 164 isolates; 86 CD, 78 PR); common species were Acinetobacter baumannii (37%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13%) and Serratia fonticola (12%), but only one E. coli isolate. Fifty-nine (36%) had evidence of 3GCR alone, 93/163 (57%) displayed 3GCR plus resistance to one additional antibiotic class, and 9/163 (6%) were 3GCR plus resistance to two additional classes. Of 158 DNA specimens, all were negative for ESBL/carbapenemase genes, except 23 (15%) which were positive for AmpC, with 22/23 considered to be inherently chromosomal, but the sole E. coli isolate contained a plasmid-mediated CMY-2 AmpC. Conclusions We found low rates of MDR-GNBs in Australian chicken and pork meat, but potential 3GCR-GNBs are common (93% specimens). Testing programs that only assess for E. coli are likely to severely underestimate the diversity of 3GCR organisms in fresh meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade E. McLellan
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Ashleigh J. Pitcher
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Susan A. Ballard
- Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Departments, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Grabsch
- Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Departments, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Jan M. Bell
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia Australia
| | - Mary Barton
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia Australia
| | - M. Lindsay Grayson
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
- Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Departments, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
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24
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Liakopoulos A, Geurts Y, Dierikx CM, Brouwer MSM, Kant A, Wit B, Heymans R, van Pelt W, Mevius DJ. Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg Strains, the Netherlands(1). Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 22:1257-61. [PMID: 27314180 PMCID: PMC4918182 DOI: 10.3201/eid2207.151377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg strains (JF6X01.0022/XbaI.0251, JF6X01.0326/XbaI.1966, JF6X01.0258/XbaI.1968, and JF6X01.0045/XbaI.1970) have been identified in the United States with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Our examination of isolates showed introduction of these strains in the Netherlands and highlight the need for active surveillance and intervention strategies by public health organizations.
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25
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Medalla F, Gu W, Mahon BE, Judd M, Folster J, Griffin PM, Hoekstra RM. Estimated Incidence of Antimicrobial Drug-Resistant Nontyphoidal Salmonella Infections, United States, 2004-2012. Emerg Infect Dis 2017; 23:29-37. [PMID: 27983506 PMCID: PMC5176233 DOI: 10.3201/eid2301.160771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella infections are a major cause of illness in the United States. The antimicrobial agents used to treat severe infections include ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin. Antimicrobial drug resistance has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes. To estimate the incidence of resistant culture-confirmed nontyphoidal Salmonella infections, we used Bayesian hierarchical models of 2004–2012 data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System and Laboratory-based Enteric Disease Surveillance. We based 3 mutually exclusive resistance categories on susceptibility testing: ceftriaxone and ampicillin resistant, ciprofloxacin nonsusceptible but ceftriaxone susceptible, and ampicillin resistant but ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin susceptible. We estimated the overall incidence of resistant infections as 1.07/100,000 person-years for ampicillin-only resistance, 0.51/100,000 person-years for ceftriaxone and ampicillin resistance, and 0.35/100,000 person-years for ciprofloxacin nonsusceptibility, or ≈6,200 resistant culture-confirmed infections annually. These national estimates help define the magnitude of the resistance problem so that control measures can be appropriately targeted.
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26
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Nair DVT, Kollanoor Johny A. Food Grade Pimenta Leaf Essential Oil Reduces the Attachment of Salmonella enterica Heidelberg (2011 Ground Turkey Outbreak Isolate) on to Turkey Skin. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2328. [PMID: 29234313 PMCID: PMC5712355 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella attached to the poultry skin is a major source of carcass contamination during processing. Once attached to the poultry skin, it is difficult to detach and inactivate Salmonella by commonly used antimicrobial agents since the pathogen is entrapped deeply in the feather follicles and the crevices on the skin. Essential oils could be natural, safe, and effective alternatives to synthetic antimicrobial agents during commercial and organic processing setup. The present study evaluated the efficacy of pimenta (Pimenta officinalis Lindl.) leaf essential oil (PEO), and its nanoemulsion in reducing Salmonella Heidelberg attachment on to turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) skin during simulated scalding (65°C) and chilling (4°C) steps in poultry processing. A multidrug resistant S. Heidelberg isolate from the 2011 ground turkey outbreak in the United States was used in the study. Results showed that PEO and the nanoemulsion resulted in significant reduction of S. Heidelberg attachment on turkey skin. Turkey skin samples treated with 1.0% PEO for 5 min resulted in >2 log10 CFU/sq. inch reduction of S. Heidelberg at 65 and 4°C, respectively (n = 6; P < 0.05). Similarly, skin samples treated with 1.0% pimenta nanoemulsion (PNE) for 5 min resulted in 1.5- and 1.8- log10 CFU/sq. inch reduction of S. Heidelberg at 65 and 4°C, respectively (n = 6; P < 0.05). In addition, PEO and PNE were effective in reducing S. Heidelberg on skin during short-term storage at 4 and 10°C (temperature abuse) (n = 6; P < 0.05). No Salmonella was detected in the dipping solution containing 0.5 or 1.0% PEO or PNE, whereas a substantial population of the pathogen survived in the control dipping solution. The results were validated using scanning electron -, and confocal - microscopy techniques. PEO or PNE could be utilized as an effective antimicrobial agent to reduce S. Heidelberg attachment to turkey skin during poultry processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anup Kollanoor Johny
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
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27
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Karp BE, Tate H, Plumblee JR, Dessai U, Whichard JM, Thacker EL, Hale KR, Wilson W, Friedman CR, Griffin PM, McDermott PF. National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System: Two Decades of Advancing Public Health Through Integrated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 14:545-557. [PMID: 28792800 PMCID: PMC5650714 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant bacterial infections pose a serious and growing public health threat globally. In this review, we describe the role of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) in providing data that help address the resistance problem and show how such a program can have broad positive impacts on public health. NARMS was formed two decades ago to help assess the consequences to human health arising from the use of antimicrobial drugs in food animal production in the United States. A collaboration among the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the United States Department of Agriculture, and state and local health departments, NARMS uses an integrated "One Health" approach to monitor antimicrobial resistance in enteric bacteria from humans, retail meat, and food animals. NARMS has adapted to changing needs and threats by expanding surveillance catchment areas, examining new isolate sources, adding bacteria, adjusting sampling schemes, and modifying antimicrobial agents tested. NARMS data are not only essential for ensuring that antimicrobial drugs approved for food animals are used in ways that are safe for human health but they also help address broader food safety priorities. NARMS surveillance, applied research studies, and outbreak isolate testing provide data on the emergence of drug-resistant enteric bacteria; genetic mechanisms underlying resistance; movement of bacterial populations among humans, food, and food animals; and sources and outcomes of resistant and susceptible infections. These data can be used to guide and evaluate the impact of science-based policies, regulatory actions, antimicrobial stewardship initiatives, and other public health efforts aimed at preserving drug effectiveness, improving patient outcomes, and preventing infections. Many improvements have been made to NARMS over time and the program will continue to adapt to address emerging resistance threats, changes in clinical diagnostic practices, and new technologies, such as whole genome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth E. Karp
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Heather Tate
- Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland
| | - Jodie R. Plumblee
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia
| | - Uday Dessai
- Food Safety and Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jean M. Whichard
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eileen L. Thacker
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia
| | - Kis Robertson Hale
- Food Safety and Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Wanda Wilson
- Food Safety and Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Cindy R. Friedman
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Patricia M. Griffin
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Patrick F. McDermott
- Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland
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28
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Jamborova I, Dolejska M, Zurek L, Townsend AK, Clark AB, Ellis JC, Papousek I, Cizek A, Literak I. Plasmid-mediated resistance to cephalosporins and quinolones in Escherichia coli from American crows in the USA. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:2025-2036. [PMID: 28276133 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) faeces were tested for Escherichia coli with plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR), extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC beta-lactamases. A total of 590 faecal samples were collected at four roosting sites in the USA and cultivated on selective media. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) were performed to assess clonality. Transferability of resistance genes was studied using conjugation and transformation bioassays. In total, 78 (13%, n = 590) cefotaxime-resistant isolates were obtained, of which 66 and 12 displayed AmpC and ESBL phenotypes, respectively. Fifty-four AmpC-producing isolates carried blaCMY-2 . Isolates producing ESBLs contained genes blaCTX-M-27 (5 isolates), blaCTX-M-15 (4), blaCTX-M-14 (2) and blaCTX-M-1 (1). Ninety isolates (15%, n = 590) with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin were obtained, among which 14 harboured PMQR genes aac(6')-Ib-cr (4 isolates), qnrB19 (3), qnrS1 (2), qnrA1 (2), qnrB2 (1), qnrB6 (1) and qnrD3 (1). High genetic diversity was revealed by PFGE and MLST. Epidemiologically important E. coli clones (e.g., ST131, ST405) were identified. Plasmids carrying blaCMY-2 were assigned predominantly to IncA/C (8 plasmids), IncI1/ST23 (5) and IncI1/ST12 (3). The study demonstrates a widespread occurrence of E. coli with ESBL, AmpC and PMQR genes associated with clinically important multidrug-resistant clones and epidemic plasmids, in American crows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Jamborova
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Dolejska
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Zurek
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | | | - Anne B Clark
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Julie C Ellis
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine North Grafton, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Ivo Papousek
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alois Cizek
- CEITEC, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Literak
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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29
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Iwamoto M, Reynolds J, Karp BE, Tate H, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Plumblee JR, Hoekstra RM, Whichard JM, Mahon BE. Ceftriaxone-Resistant Nontyphoidal Salmonella from Humans, Retail Meats, and Food Animals in the United States, 1996-2013. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 14:74-83. [PMID: 27860517 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ceftriaxone resistance in Salmonella is a serious public health threat. Ceftriaxone is commonly used to treat severe Salmonella infections, especially in children. Identifying the sources and drivers of ceftriaxone resistance among nontyphoidal Salmonella is crucial. MATERIALS AND METHODS The National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) tracks antimicrobial resistance in foodborne and other enteric bacteria from humans, retail meats, and food animals. We examined NARMS data reported during 1996-2013 to characterize ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella infections in humans. We used Spearman rank correlation to examine the relationships between the annual percentage of ceftriaxone resistance among Salmonella isolates from humans with isolates from retail meats and food animals. RESULTS A total of 978 (2.9%) of 34,100 nontyphoidal Salmonella isolates from humans were resistant to ceftriaxone. Many (40%) ceftriaxone-resistant isolates were from children younger than 18 years. Most ceftriaxone-resistant isolates were one of three serotypes: Newport (40%), Typhimurium (26%), or Heidelberg (12%). All were resistant to other antimicrobials, and resistance varied by serotype. We found statistically significant correlations in ceftriaxone resistance between human and ground beef Newport isolates (r = 0.83), between human and cattle Typhimurium isolates (r = 0.57), between human and chicken Heidelberg isolates (r = 0.65), and between human and turkey Heidelberg isolates (r = 0.67). CONCLUSIONS Ceftriaxone resistance among Salmonella Newport, Typhimurium, and Heidelberg isolates from humans strongly correlates with ceftriaxone resistance in isolates from ground beef, cattle, and poultry, respectively. These findings support other lines of evidence that food animals are important reservoirs of ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella that cause human illness in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Iwamoto
- 1 Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jared Reynolds
- 1 Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Beth E Karp
- 1 Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Heather Tate
- 2 Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine , U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland
| | - Paula J Fedorka-Cray
- 3 Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service , U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia .,4 Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University , College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Jodie R Plumblee
- 3 Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service , U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia
| | - Robert M Hoekstra
- 1 Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jean M Whichard
- 1 Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Barbara E Mahon
- 1 Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
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30
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Folster JP, Grass JE, Bicknese A, Taylor J, Friedman CR, Whichard JM. Characterization of Resistance Genes and Plasmids from Outbreaks and Illness Clusters Caused by Salmonella Resistant to Ceftriaxone in the United States, 2011-2012. Microb Drug Resist 2016; 23:188-193. [PMID: 27828730 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is an important cause of foodborne illness; however, quickly identifying the source of these infections can be difficult, and source identification is a crucial step in preventing additional illnesses. Although most infections are self-limited, invasive salmonellosis may require antimicrobial treatment. Ceftriaxone, an extended-spectrum cephalosporin, is commonly used for treatment of salmonellosis. Previous studies have identified a correlation between the food animal/retail meat source of ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella and the type of resistance gene and plasmid it carries. In this study, we examined seven outbreaks of ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella infections, caused by serotypes Typhimurium, Newport, Heidelberg, and Infantis. All isolates were positive for a plasmid-encoded blaCMY gene. Plasmid incompatibility typing identified five IncI1 and two IncA/C plasmids. Both outbreaks containing blaCMY-IncA/C plasmids were linked to consumption of cattle products. Three of five outbreaks with blaCMY-IncI1 (ST12) plasmids were linked to a poultry source. The remaining IncI1 outbreaks were associated with ground beef (ST20) and tomatoes (ST12). In addition, we examined isolates from five unsolved clusters of ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella infections and used our plasmid-encoded gene findings to predict the source. Overall, we identified a likely association between the source of ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella outbreaks and the type of resistance gene/plasmid it carries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Folster
- 1 Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Julian E Grass
- 2 Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Cindy R Friedman
- 2 Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jean M Whichard
- 1 Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
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31
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Gieraltowski L, Higa J, Peralta V, Green A, Schwensohn C, Rosen H, Libby T, Kissler B, Marsden-Haug N, Booth H, Kimura A, Grass J, Bicknese A, Tolar B, Defibaugh-Chávez S, Williams I, Wise M. National Outbreak of Multidrug Resistant Salmonella Heidelberg Infections Linked to a Single Poultry Company. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162369. [PMID: 27631492 PMCID: PMC5025200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE This large outbreak of foodborne salmonellosis demonstrated the complexity of investigating outbreaks linked to poultry products. The outbreak also highlighted the importance of efforts to strengthen food safety policies related to Salmonella in chicken parts and has implications for future changes within the poultry industry. OBJECTIVE To investigate a large multistate outbreak of multidrug resistant Salmonella Heidelberg infections. DESIGN Epidemiologic and laboratory investigations of patients infected with the outbreak strains of Salmonella Heidelberg and traceback of possible food exposures. SETTING United States. Outbreak period was March 1, 2013 through July 11, 2014. PATIENTS A case was defined as illness in a person infected with a laboratory-confirmed Salmonella Heidelberg with 1 of 7 outbreak pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) XbaI patterns with illness onset from March 1, 2013 through July 11, 2014. A total of 634 case-patients were identified through passive surveillance; 200/528 (38%) were hospitalized, none died. RESULTS Interviews were conducted with 435 case-patients: 371 (85%) reported eating any chicken in the 7 days before becoming ill. Of 273 case-patients interviewed with a focused questionnaire, 201 (74%) reported eating chicken prepared at home. Among case-patients with available brand information, 152 (87%) of 175 patients reported consuming Company A brand chicken. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was completed on 69 clinical isolates collected from case-patients; 67% were drug resistant, including 24 isolates (35%) that were multidrug resistant. The source of Company A brand chicken consumed by case-patients was traced back to 3 California production establishments from which 6 of 7 outbreak strains were isolated. CONCLUSIONS Epidemiologic, laboratory, traceback, and environmental investigations conducted by local, state, and federal public health and regulatory officials indicated that consumption of Company A chicken was the cause of this outbreak. The outbreak involved multiple PFGE patterns, a variety of chicken products, and 3 production establishments, suggesting a reservoir for contamination upstream from the production establishments. Sources of bacteria and genes responsible for resistance, such as farms providing birds for slaughter or environmental reservoir on farms that raise chickens, might explain how multiple PFGE patterns were linked to chicken from 3 separate production establishments and many different poultry products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gieraltowski
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jeffrey Higa
- California Department of Public Health, Gardena, Richmond, and Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Vi Peralta
- California Department of Public Health, Gardena, Richmond, and Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Alice Green
- Office of Public Health Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Colin Schwensohn
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hilary Rosen
- California Department of Public Health, Gardena, Richmond, and Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Tanya Libby
- California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Bonnie Kissler
- Office of Public Health Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Nicola Marsden-Haug
- Washington State Department of Health, Olympia, Washington, United States of America
| | - Hillary Booth
- Oregon Public Health Division, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Akiko Kimura
- California Department of Public Health, Gardena, Richmond, and Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Julian Grass
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Amelia Bicknese
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Beth Tolar
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Defibaugh-Chávez
- Office of Public Health Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Ian Williams
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Matthew Wise
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase genes using melting curve analysis. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 124:72-8. [PMID: 27021662 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Real-time PCR melt curve assays for the detection of β-lactamase, extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase genes in Gram-negative bacteria were developed. Two multiplex real-time PCR melt curve assays were developed for the detection of ten common β-lactamase genes: blaKPC-like, blaOXA-48-like, blaNDM-like, blaVIM-like, blaIMP-like, blaCTX-M-1+2-group, blaCMY-like, blaACC-like, blaSHV-like and blaTEM-like. The assays were evaluated using 25 bacterial strains and 31 DNA samples (total n=56) comprising different Enterobacteriaceae genera and Pseudomonas spp. These strains were previously characterized at five research institutes. Each resistance gene targeted in this study generated a non-overlapping and distinct melt curve peak. The assay worked effectively and detected the presence of additional resistance genes in 23 samples. The assays developed in this study offer a simple, low cost method for the detection of prevalent β-lactamase, ESBL and carbapenemase genes among Gram-negative pathogens.
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Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Animal-Source Salmonella Heidelberg Isolates. J Vet Med 2016; 2016:6380890. [PMID: 26881274 PMCID: PMC4735902 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6380890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg (S. Heidelberg) is frequently implicated in human foodborne Salmonella infections and often produces more severe clinical disease than other serotypes. Livestock and poultry products represent a potential risk for transmission to humans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 49 S. Heidelberg veterinary isolates for exponential growth rate (EGR), PFGE pattern, and antimicrobial resistance to evaluate these parameters as mechanisms by which S. Heidelberg emerged as a virulent foodborne pathogen. Isolates were categorized by species of origin; clinical or environmental sources; and time frame of recovery. Growth rates were determined in nutrient media using serial dilutions and colony counts; PFGE was performed according to the CDC PulseNet protocol. Minimum inhibitory concentration and susceptibility determinations were performed against antimicrobials important in human medicine. Eighteen unique PFGE patterns were detected in the isolates tested. Antimicrobial resistance was significantly greater (P < 0.05) for ten of 15 drugs in clinical over environmental isolates; for four drugs between the time frames; and for ten drugs between species of origin. The large genetic diversity present in isolates of this serotype may convey competitive advantages to this organism, while the presence of antimicrobial resistance represents a potential zoonotic risk via animal-source food products.
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ROUTH JA, PRINGLE J, MOHR M, BIDOL S, ARENDS K, ADAMS-CAMERON M, HANCOCK WT, KISSLER B, RICKERT R, FOLSTER J, TOLAR B, BOSCH S, BARTON BEHRAVESH C, WILLIAMS IT, GIERALTOWSKI L. Nationwide outbreak of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Heidelberg infections associated with ground turkey: United States, 2011. Epidemiol Infect 2015; 143:3227-34. [PMID: 25865382 PMCID: PMC9150975 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268815000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
On 23 May 2011, CDC identified a multistate cluster of Salmonella Heidelberg infections and two multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates from ground turkey retail samples with indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. We defined cases as isolation of outbreak strains in persons with illness onset between 27 February 2011 and 10 November 2011. Investigators collected hypothesis-generating questionnaires and shopper-card information. Food samples from homes and retail outlets were collected and cultured. We identified 136 cases of S. Heidelberg infection in 34 states. Shopper-card information, leftover ground turkey from a patient's home containing the outbreak strain and identical antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinical and retail samples pointed to plant A as the source. On 3 August, plant A recalled 36 million pounds of ground turkey. This outbreak increased consumer interest in MDR Salmonella infections acquired through United States-produced poultry and played a vital role in strengthening food safety policies related to Salmonella and raw ground poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. A. ROUTH
- Outbreak Response and Prevention Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J. PRINGLE
- Outbreak Response and Prevention Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M. MOHR
- Ohio Department of Health, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S. BIDOL
- Michigan Department of Community Health, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - K. ARENDS
- Michigan Department of Community Health, Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - W. T. HANCOCK
- Outbreak Response and Prevention Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - R. RICKERT
- National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J. FOLSTER
- National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - B. TOLAR
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S. BOSCH
- Outbreak Response and Prevention Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C. BARTON BEHRAVESH
- Outbreak Response and Prevention Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - I. T. WILLIAMS
- Outbreak Response and Prevention Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - L. GIERALTOWSKI
- Outbreak Response and Prevention Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Crump JA, Sjölund-Karlsson M, Gordon MA, Parry CM. Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Antimicrobial Management of Invasive Salmonella Infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 28:901-37. [PMID: 26180063 PMCID: PMC4503790 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00002-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 623] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica infections are common causes of bloodstream infection in low-resource areas, where they may be difficult to distinguish from other febrile illnesses and may be associated with a high case fatality ratio. Microbiologic culture of blood or bone marrow remains the mainstay of laboratory diagnosis. Antimicrobial resistance has emerged in Salmonella enterica, initially to the traditional first-line drugs chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility and then fluoroquinolone resistance have developed in association with chromosomal mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of genes encoding DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and also by plasmid-mediated resistance mechanisms. Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins has occurred more often in nontyphoidal than in typhoidal Salmonella strains. Azithromycin is effective for the management of uncomplicated typhoid fever and may serve as an alternative oral drug in areas where fluoroquinolone resistance is common. In 2013, CLSI lowered the ciprofloxacin susceptibility breakpoints to account for accumulating clinical, microbiologic, and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic data suggesting that revision was needed for contemporary invasive Salmonella infections. Newly established CLSI guidelines for azithromycin and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi were published in CLSI document M100 in 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Crump
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maria Sjölund-Karlsson
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Melita A Gordon
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Christopher M Parry
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Poulin-Laprade D, Carraro N, Burrus V. The extended regulatory networks of SXT/R391 integrative and conjugative elements and IncA/C conjugative plasmids. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:837. [PMID: 26347724 PMCID: PMC4542580 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, healthcare systems are challenged by a major worldwide drug resistance crisis caused by the massive and rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes and associated emergence of multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria, in both clinical and environmental settings. Conjugation is the main driving force of gene transfer among microorganisms. This mechanism of horizontal gene transfer mediates the translocation of large DNA fragments between two bacterial cells in direct contact. Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) of the SXT/R391 family (SRIs) and IncA/C conjugative plasmids (ACPs) are responsible for the dissemination of a broad spectrum of antibiotic resistance genes among diverse species of Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae. The biology, diversity, prevalence and distribution of these two families of conjugative elements have been the subject of extensive studies for the past 15 years. Recently, the transcriptional regulators that govern their dissemination through the expression of ICE- or plasmid-encoded transfer genes have been described. Unrelated repressors control the activation of conjugation by preventing the expression of two related master activator complexes in both types of elements, i.e., SetCD in SXT/R391 ICEs and AcaCD in IncA/C plasmids. Finally, in addition to activating ICE- or plasmid-borne genes, these master activators have been shown to specifically activate phylogenetically unrelated mobilizable genomic islands (MGIs) that also disseminate antibiotic resistance genes and other adaptive traits among a plethora of pathogens such as Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella enterica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Poulin-Laprade
- Laboratory of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Carraro
- Laboratory of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Burrus
- Laboratory of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Mobile genetic elements related to the diffusion of plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases or carbapenemases from Enterobacteriaceae: findings from a multicenter study in Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:5260-6. [PMID: 26077249 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00562-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the genetic context of 74 acquired ampC genes and 17 carbapenemase genes from 85 of 640 Enterobacteriaceae isolates collected in 2009. Using S1 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and Southern hybridization, 37 of 74 bla AmpC genes were located on large plasmids of different sizes belonging to six incompatibility groups. We used sequencing and PCR mapping to investigate the regions flanking the acquired ampC genes. The bla CMY-2-like genes were associated with ISEcp1; the surrounding bla DHA genes were similar to Klebsiella pneumoniae plasmid pTN60013 associated with IS26 and the psp and sap operons; and the bla ACC-1 genes were associated with IS26 elements inserted into ISEcp1. All of the carbapenemase genes (bla VIM-1, bla IMP-22, and bla IMP-28) were located in class 1 integrons. Therefore, although plasmids are the main cause of the rapid dissemination of ampC genes among Enterobacteriaceae, we need to be aware that other mobile genetic elements, such as insertion sequences, transposons, or integrons, can be involved in the mobilization of these genes of chromosomal origin. Additionally, three new integrons (In846 to In848) are described in this study.
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Gaucher ML, Quessy S, Letellier A, Arsenault J, Boulianne M. Impact of a drug-free program on broiler chicken growth performances, gut health, Clostridium perfringens and Campylobacter jejuni occurrences at the farm level. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1791-801. [PMID: 26047674 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of antimicrobial agents as feed additives in poultry production is a public health concern due to the overall increase in antimicrobial resistance. Although some alternative products are commercially available, little is known on their potential impact on flock health and productivity. A prospective study involving 1.55 million birds was conducted on eight commercial broiler farms in Québec, Canada, to evaluate the impact of replacing antibiotic growth promoters and anticoccidial drugs by a drug-free program including improved brooding conditions, anticoccidial vaccination, essential oil-based feed additives, and water acidification. Various productivity and health parameters were compared between barns allocated to the conventional and the drug-free program. Zootechnical performances were monitored as productivity criteria. Clinical necrotic enteritis and subclinical enteritis occurrences, litter and fecal moistures content were measured, and microscopic gut health was evaluated. Clostridium perfringens and Campylobacter spp. strains were recovered from fecal samples collected during farm visits. Clostridium perfringens counts were used as poultry health indicators and Campylobacter prevalence was noted as well. The drug-free program was associated with a significant increase in feed conversion ratio and a decrease in mean live weight at slaughter and in daily weight gain. An increased incidence of necrotic enteritis outbreaks and subclinical enteritis cases, as well as an increase in litter moisture content at the end of the rearing period were also observed for this program. Mean microscopic intestinal lesion scores and prevalence of Campylobacter colonization were not statistically different between the two groups but the drug-free program was associated with higher Clostridium perfringens isolation rates. According to the current study design, the results suggest that substitution of antibiotic growth promoters and anticoccidial drugs by a drug-free program impacts various broiler chicken production parameters and Clostridium perfringens carriage levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-L Gaucher
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Pathology and Microbiology Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Montreal, CP 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 7C6 Chair in Poultry Research, Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Montreal, CP 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 7C6 Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Centre (CRIPA), Pathology and Microbiology Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Montreal, CP 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 7C6
| | - S Quessy
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Pathology and Microbiology Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Montreal, CP 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 7C6
| | - A Letellier
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Pathology and Microbiology Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Montreal, CP 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 7C6
| | - J Arsenault
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Centre (CRIPA), Pathology and Microbiology Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Montreal, CP 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 7C6
| | - M Boulianne
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Centre (CRIPA), Pathology and Microbiology Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Montreal, CP 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 7C6
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In Vivo Transmission of an IncA/C Plasmid in Escherichia coli Depends on Tetracycline Concentration, and Acquisition of the Plasmid Results in a Variable Cost of Fitness. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:3561-70. [PMID: 25769824 DOI: 10.1128/aem.04193-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IncA/C plasmids are broad-host-range plasmids enabling multidrug resistance that have emerged worldwide among bacterial pathogens of humans and animals. Although antibiotic usage is suspected to be a driving force in the emergence of such strains, few studies have examined the impact of different types of antibiotic administration on the selection of plasmid-containing multidrug resistant isolates. In this study, chlortetracycline treatment at different concentrations in pig feed was examined for its impact on selection and dissemination of an IncA/C plasmid introduced orally via a commensal Escherichia coli host. Continuous low-dose administration of chlortetracycline at 50 g per ton had no observable impact on the proportions of IncA/C plasmid-containing E. coli from pig feces over the course of 35 days. In contrast, high-dose administration of chlortetracycline at 350 g per ton significantly increased IncA/C plasmid-containing E. coli in pig feces (P < 0.001) and increased movement of the IncA/C plasmid to other indigenous E. coli hosts. There was no evidence of conjugal transfer of the IncA/C plasmid to bacterial species other than E. coli. In vitro competition assays demonstrated that bacterial host background substantially impacted the cost of IncA/C plasmid carriage in E. coli and Salmonella. In vitro transfer and selection experiments demonstrated that tetracycline at 32 μg/ml was necessary to enhance IncA/C plasmid conjugative transfer, while subinhibitory concentrations of tetracycline in vitro strongly selected for IncA/C plasmid-containing E. coli. Together, these experiments improve our knowledge on the impact of differing concentrations of tetracycline on the selection of IncA/C-type plasmids.
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Organic or Antibiotic-Free Labeling Does Not Impact the Recovery of Enteric Pathogens and Antimicrobial-ResistantEscherichia colifrom Fresh Retail Chicken. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 11:920-9. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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41
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High prevalence of blaCTX-M-1/IncI1/ST3 and blaCMY-2/IncI1/ST2 plasmids in healthy urban dogs in France. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:5358-62. [PMID: 24982072 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02545-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the community, close contacts between humans and dogs may promote the transfer of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase/plasmidic AmpC cephalosporinase (ESBL/pAmpC) genes. Large-scale prevalence studies on ESBL/pAmpC carriage in dogs are rare, and data on ESBL/pAmpC plasmids are even more limited. Here, a considerable rate of 18.5% ESBL/pAmpC carriers was found among 368 unrelated healthy dogs in Paris, France. This prevalence is much higher than the one found in healthy humans in the same city (6%) but close to that recently reported in dogs in China (24.5%). All isolates were identified as Escherichia coli, except one Salmonella enterica and one Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate. The sequence type 131 (ST131) clone was rare (2/73 isolates). Interestingly, two plasmids (blaCTX-M-1/IncI1/ST3 and blaCMY-2/IncI1/ST2) were unexpectedly highly predominant, raising the question of their successful spread. Considering that CTX-M-1 was recently found to be equally as abundant as CTX-M-15 in healthy Parisian subjects, the question of dogs being a CTX-M-1 reservoir for humans is open. Such a high prevalence of the blaCMY-2/IncI1/ST2 plasmid may result from the use of cephalexin in veterinary medicine, as previously demonstrated experimentally. In all, our study points out healthy urban dogs as a potential source of ESBL/pAmpC genes that can further disseminate to the human community.
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Long-term dissemination of CTX-M-5-producing hypermutable Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium sequence type 328 strains in Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:5202-10. [PMID: 24957829 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02506-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present evidence of long-term circulation of cefotaxime-resistant clonally related Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains over a broad geographic area. The genetic relatedness of 88 isolates collected from multiple outbreaks and sporadic cases of nosocomial salmonellosis in various parts of Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan from 1996 to 2009 was established by multilocus tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The isolates belong to sequence type 328 (ST328) and produce CTX-M-5 β-lactamase, whose gene is carried by highly related non-self-conjugative but mobilizable plasmids. Resistance to nalidixic acid and low-level resistance to ciprofloxacin is present in 37 (42%) of the isolates and in all cases is determined by various single point mutations in the gyrA gene quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR). Isolates of the described clonal group exhibit a hypermutable phenotype that probably facilitates independent acquisition of quinolone resistance mutations.
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Vingopoulou EI, Siarkou VI, Batzias G, Kaltsogianni F, Sianou E, Tzavaras I, Koutinas A, Saridomichelakis MN, Sofianou D, Tzelepi E, Miriagou V. Emergence and maintenance of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli of canine origin harbouring a blaCMY-2-IncI1/ST65 plasmid and topoisomerase mutations. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:2076-80. [PMID: 24722836 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the mechanisms implicated in fluoroquinolone (FQ) and expanded-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) resistance in three clinical and seven faecal multidrug-resistant (MDR; resistant to at least three antimicrobial classes) Escherichia coli isolates from a dog with atopic dermatitis, also suffering from recurrent otitis, that had already been exposed to prolonged antimicrobial treatment and colonized for a long period. METHODS MICs of FQs, ESCs and other antimicrobials were determined by the broth microdilution method. Phenotypic tests (efflux pump inhibition and combination disc tests) and isoelectric focusing were combined with genotypic analyses [PCRs, sequencing, conjugation, S1 nuclease PFGE, PCR-based replicon typing, plasmid multilocus sequence typing (pMLST) and PCR mapping] to characterize the molecular basis of FQ and ESC resistance. Isolates were further characterized by MLST and PFGE. RESULTS Three otitis and five faecal isolates with enrofloxacin MICs of 32 to >128 mg/L displayed the GyrA:S83L+D87N/ParC:E62K/ParE:G545D pattern harbouring novel ParC and ParE substitutions, whereas the two remaining faecal isolates were susceptible or borderline resistant single-step mutants (GyrA:S83L pattern) and carried qnrS1. Efflux pump overexpression also contributed to FQ resistance and the MDR phenotype. The three otitis and five faecal isolates also exhibited cefoxitin/ceftazidime MICs of 32-64 mg/L and harboured blaCMY-2, adjusted to ISEcp1, on an IncI1/ST65 conjugative plasmid, previously described in Salmonella Heidelberg from poultry. Interestingly, all isolates shared an identical MLST type (ST212), with the otitis isolates showing indistinguishable patterns with the high-level resistant faecal E. coli isolates. CONCLUSIONS The long-term maintenance of FQ- and ESC-resistant clones harbouring topoisomerase mutations and a blaCMY-2-IncI1/ST65 plasmid in canine commensal flora after prolonged antimicrobial use may contribute to the dissemination of multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Vingopoulou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
| | - V I Siarkou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
| | - G Batzias
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
| | - F Kaltsogianni
- Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54627, Greece
| | - E Sianou
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hippokration General University Hospital, Thessaloniki GR-54642, Greece
| | - I Tzavaras
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
| | - A Koutinas
- Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54627, Greece
| | - M N Saridomichelakis
- Clinic of Medicine, School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, GR-43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - D Sofianou
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hippokration General University Hospital, Thessaloniki GR-54642, Greece
| | - E Tzelepi
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens GR-11521, Greece
| | - V Miriagou
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens GR-11521, Greece
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Wang Y, Chen Q, Cui S, Xu X, Zhu J, Luo H, Wang D, Li F. Enumeration and Characterization of Salmonella Isolates from Retail Chicken Carcasses in Beijing, China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 11:126-32. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yeru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghui Cui
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Haipeng Luo
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
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45
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Foley SL, Johnson TJ, Ricke SC, Nayak R, Danzeisen J. Salmonella pathogenicity and host adaptation in chicken-associated serovars. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2013; 77:582-607. [PMID: 24296573 PMCID: PMC3973385 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00015-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric pathogens such as Salmonella enterica cause significant morbidity and mortality. S. enterica serovars are a diverse group of pathogens that have evolved to survive in a wide range of environments and across multiple hosts. S. enterica serovars such as S. Typhi, S. Dublin, and S. Gallinarum have a restricted host range, in which they are typically associated with one or a few host species, while S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium have broad host ranges. This review examines how S. enterica has evolved through adaptation to different host environments, especially as related to the chicken host, and continues to be an important human pathogen. Several factors impact host range, and these include the acquisition of genes via horizontal gene transfer with plasmids, transposons, and phages, which can potentially expand host range, and the loss of genes or their function, which would reduce the range of hosts that the organism can infect. S. Gallinarum, with a limited host range, has a large number of pseudogenes in its genome compared to broader-host-range serovars. S. enterica serovars such as S. Kentucky and S. Heidelberg also often have plasmids that may help them colonize poultry more efficiently. The ability to colonize different hosts also involves interactions with the host's immune system and commensal organisms that are present. Thus, the factors that impact the ability of Salmonella to colonize a particular host species, such as chickens, are complex and multifactorial, involving the host, the pathogen, and extrinsic pressures. It is the interplay of these factors which leads to the differences in host ranges that we observe today.
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Kanwar N, Scott HM, Norby B, Loneragan GH, Vinasco J, McGowan M, Cottell JL, Chengappa MM, Bai J, Boerlin P. Effects of ceftiofur and chlortetracycline treatment strategies on antimicrobial susceptibility and on tet(A), tet(B), and bla CMY-2 resistance genes among E. coli isolated from the feces of feedlot cattle. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80575. [PMID: 24260423 PMCID: PMC3834275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A randomized controlled field trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of two sets of treatment strategies on ceftiofur and tetracycline resistance in feedlot cattle. The strategies consisted of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (CCFA) administered to either one or all of the steers within a pen, followed by feeding or not feeding a therapeutic dose of chlortetracycline (CTC). Eighty-eight steers were randomly allocated to eight pens of 11 steers each. Both treatment regimens were randomly assigned to the pens in a two-way full factorial design. Non-type-specific (NTS) E. coli (n = 1,050) were isolated from fecal samples gathered on Days 0, 4, 12, and 26. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined using a microbroth dilution technique. PCR was used to detect tet(A), tet(B), and bla CMY-2 genes within each isolate. Chlortetracycline administration greatly exacerbated the already increased levels of both phenotypic and genotypic ceftiofur resistance conferred by prior CCFA treatment (P<0.05). The four treatment regimens also influenced the phenotypic multidrug resistance count of NTS E. coli populations. Chlortetracycline treatment alone was associated with an increased probability of selecting isolates that harbored tet(B) versus tet(A) (P<0.05); meanwhile, there was an inverse association between finding tet(A) versus tet(B) genes for any given regimen (P<0.05). The presence of a tet(A) gene was associated with an isolate exhibiting reduced phenotypic susceptibility to a higher median number of antimicrobials (n = 289, median = 6; 95% CI = 4-8) compared with the tet(B) gene (n = 208, median = 3; 95% CI = 3-4). Results indicate that CTC can exacerbate ceftiofur resistance following CCFA therapy and therefore should be avoided, especially when considering their use in sequence. Further studies are required to establish the animal-level effects of co-housing antimicrobial-treated and non-treated animals together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena Kanwar
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - H. Morgan Scott
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Bo Norby
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Guy H. Loneragan
- International Center for Food Industry Excellence, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Javier Vinasco
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Matthew McGowan
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Cottell
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muckatira M. Chengappa
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jianfa Bai
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Patrick Boerlin
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Wang H, Ye K, Wei X, Cao J, Xu X, Zhou G. Occurrence, antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation of Salmonella isolates from a chicken slaughter plant in China. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zaidi MB, Estrada-García T, Campos FD, Chim R, Arjona F, Leon M, Michell A, Chaussabel D. Incidence, clinical presentation, and antimicrobial resistance trends in Salmonella and Shigella infections from children in Yucatan, Mexico. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:288. [PMID: 24098297 PMCID: PMC3787544 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella and Shigella cause significant morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. Increased antimicrobial resistance results in greater burden of disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 2005 to 2011, Salmonella and Shigella isolates collected from ill children at a major hospital in Yucatan, Mexico, were subjected to serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disk diffusion and agar dilution. The identification of bla CTX, bla CMY, bla SHV, bla TEM, and bla OXA and qnr resistance genes was conducted by PCR and sequencing. RESULTS Among 2344 children with acute gastroenteritis, salmonellosis decreased from 17.7% in 2005 to 11.2% in 2011 (p < 0.001). In contrast, shigellosis increased from 8.3% in 2010 to 12.1% in 2011. Compared to children with Salmonella, those with Shigella had significantly more bloody stools (59 vs 36%, p < 0.001), dehydration (27 vs 15%, p = 0.031), and seizures (11 vs 3%, p = 0.03). In Salmonella (n = 365), there was a significant decrease in resistance to ampicillin (43 to 16%, p < 0.001), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (44 to 26%, p = 0.014), and extended-spectrum cephalosporins (27 to 10%, p = 0.009). Reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in Salmonella rose from 30 to 41% (p < 0.001). All ceftriaxone-resistant isolates harbored the bla CMY-2 gene. qnr genes were found in 42 (36%) of the 117 Salmonella isolates with a ciprofloxacin MIC ≥ 0.125 μg/ml. Four were qnrA1 and 38 were qnrB19. Resistance to ampicillin (40%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (58%) was common in Shigella (n = 218), but isolates remained fully susceptible to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSION Illness from Salmonella has decreased while severe Shigella infections have increased among children with gastroenteritis in the Yucatan Peninsula. While Shigella resistance to clinically important antibiotics remained unchanged, resistance to most of these, except ciprofloxacin, declined in Salmonella. bla CMY-2 and qnr genes are common in Salmonella isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mussaret B Zaidi
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Hospital General O'Horan, Mérida Yucatán, Mexico ; Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Penïnsula de Yucatán Merida, Mexico
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Doyle MP, Loneragan GH, Scott HM, Singer RS. Antimicrobial Resistance: Challenges and Perspectives. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Doyle
- Center for Food Safety; The Univ. of Georgia; 1109 Experiment St. Griffin; GA 30223; USA
| | - Guy H. Loneragan
- Intl. Center for Food Industry Excellence; Texas Tech Univ., Dept. of Animal and Food Sciences; P.O. Box 42141; Lubbock; TX 79409; U.S.A
| | - H. Morgan Scott
- Dept. of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology; Kansas State Univ.; 332 Coles Hall; Manhattan; KS 66506; USA
| | - Randall S. Singer
- Dept. of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Univ. of Minnesota; 1971 Commonwealth Ave.; St. Paul; MN 55108; USA
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