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Li M, Zhao Q, Liao J, Wang X, Liu L, Zhang X, Liu L, Liu H, Zhang S. Dioscin inhibiting EGFR-mediated Survivin expression promotes apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. J Cancer 2023; 14:2027-2038. [PMID: 37497406 PMCID: PMC10367921 DOI: 10.7150/jca.85011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of survivin plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and correlates with poor prognosis in human malignancies, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Thus, survivin has been proposed as an attractive target for new antitumor interventions. In the present study, we found that a natural compound, Dioscin, inhibited OSCC cells by reducing the survivin protein level and activating apoptotic signaling. Dioscin inhibits survivin expression by interrupting EGFR binding to the AT-rich sequences (ATRSs) at the survivin promoter, eventually promoting survivin-mediated cell apoptosis. The in vivo study showed that Dioscin suppressed the tumor development of SCC25 cells. Furthermore, the immunohistochemistry (IHC) results revealed that treated with Dioscin reduced the protein levels of EGFR and survivin in SCC25 xenograft tumors. Overall, our findings indicate that targeting the EGFR-survivin axis might be a promising OSCC treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- School of Stomatology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- School of Stomatology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Jinzhuang Liao
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiaocong Wang
- Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- School of Stomatology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- School of Stomatology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- School of Stomatology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Haidan Liu
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- School of Stomatology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
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2
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Servetto A, Kollipara R, Formisano L, Lin CC, Lee KM, Sudhan DR, Gonzalez-Ericsson PI, Chatterjee S, Guerrero-Zotano A, Mendiratta S, Akamatsu H, James N, Bianco R, Hanker AB, Kittler R, Arteaga CL. Nuclear FGFR1 Regulates Gene Transcription and Promotes Antiestrogen Resistance in ER + Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4379-4396. [PMID: 34011560 PMCID: PMC8338892 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE FGFR1 overexpression has been associated with endocrine resistance in ER+ breast cancer. We found FGFR1 localized in the nucleus of breast cancer cells in primary tumors resistant to estrogen suppression. We investigated a role of nuclear FGFR1 on gene transcription and antiestrogen resistance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tumors from patients treated with letrozole were subjected to Ki67 and FGFR1 IHC. MCF7 cells were transduced with FGFR1(SP-)(NLS) to promote nuclear FGFR1 overexpression. FGFR1 genomic activity in ER+/FGFR1-amplified breast cancer cells ± FOXA1 siRNA or ± the FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) erdafitinib was examined by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The nuclear and chromatin-bound FGFR1 interactome was investigated by mass spectrometry (MS). RESULTS High nuclear FGFR1 expression in ER+ primary tumors positively correlated with post-letrozole Ki67 values. Nuclear FGFR1 overexpression influenced gene transcription and promoted resistance to estrogen suppression and to fulvestrant in vivo. A gene expression signature induced by nuclear FGFR1 correlated with shorter survival in the METABRIC cohort of patients treated with antiestrogens. ChIP-Seq revealed FGFR1 occupancy at transcription start sites, overlapping with active transcription histone marks. MS analysis of the nuclear FGFR1 interactome identified phosphorylated RNA-Polymerase II and FOXA1, with FOXA1 RNAi impairing FGFR1 recruitment to chromatin. Treatment with erdafitinib did not impair nuclear FGFR1 translocation and genomic activity. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest nuclear FGFR1 contributes to endocrine resistance by modulating gene transcription in ER+ breast cancer. Nuclear FGFR1 activity was unaffected by FGFR TKIs, thus supporting the development of treatment strategies to inhibit nuclear FGFR1 in ER+/FGFR1 overexpressing breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Servetto
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | - Rahul Kollipara
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chang-Ching Lin
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | - Kyung-Min Lee
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | - Dhivya R. Sudhan
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | | | - Sumanta Chatterjee
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | | | - Saurabh Mendiratta
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | - Hiroaki Akamatsu
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | - Nicholas James
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Manoa, Hawaii
| | - Roberto Bianco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ariella B. Hanker
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | - Ralf Kittler
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | - Carlos L. Arteaga
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas.,Corresponding Author: Carlos L. Arteaga, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390–8590. E-mail:
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FOLFOX Therapy Induces Feedback Upregulation of CD44v6 through YB-1 to Maintain Stemness in Colon Initiating Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020753. [PMID: 33451103 PMCID: PMC7828641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer initiating cells (CICs) drive tumor formation and drug-resistance, but how they develop drug-resistance characteristics is not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate that chemotherapeutic agent FOLFOX, commonly used for drug-resistant/metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, induces overexpression of CD44v6, MDR1, and oncogenic transcription/translation factor Y-box-binding protein-1 (YB-1). Our study revealed that CD44v6, a receptor for hyaluronan, increased the YB-1 expression through PGE2/EP1-mTOR pathway. Deleting CD44v6, and YB-1 by the CRISPR/Cas9 system attenuates the in vitro and in vivo tumor growth of CICs from FOLFOX resistant cells. The results of DNA:CD44v6 immunoprecipitated complexes by ChIP (chromatin-immunoprecipitation) assay showed that CD44v6 maintained the stemness traits by promoting several antiapoptotic and stemness genes, including cyclin-D1,BCL2,FZD1,GINS-1, and MMP9. Further, computer-based analysis of the clones obtained from the DNA:CD44v6 complex revealed the presence of various consensus binding sites for core stemness-associated transcription factors “CTOS” (c-Myc, TWIST1, OCT4, and SOX2). Simultaneous expressions of CD44v6 and CTOS in CD44v6 knockout CICs reverted differentiated CD44v6-knockout CICs into CICs. Finally, this study for the first time describes a positive feedback loop that couples YB-1 induction and CD44 alternative splicing to sustain the MDR1 and CD44v6 expressions, and CD44v6 is required for the reversion of differentiated tumor cells into CICs.
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Freiin von Hövel F, Kefalakes E, Grothe C. What Can We Learn from FGF-2 Isoform-Specific Mouse Mutants? Differential Insights into FGF-2 Physiology In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010390. [PMID: 33396566 PMCID: PMC7795026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), ubiquitously expressed in humans and mice, is functionally involved in cell growth, migration and maturation in vitro and in vivo. Based on the same mRNA, an 18-kilo Dalton (kDa) FGF-2 isoform named FGF-2 low molecular weight (FGF-2LMW) isoform is translated in humans and rodents. Additionally, two larger isoforms weighing 21 and 22 kDa also exist, summarized as the FGF-2 high molecular weight (FGF-2HMW) isoform. Meanwhile, the human FGF-2HMW comprises a 22, 23, 24 and 34 kDa protein. Independent studies verified a specific intracellular localization, mode of action and tissue-specific spatiotemporal expression of the FGF-2 isoforms, increasing the complexity of their physiological and pathophysiological roles. In order to analyze their spectrum of effects, FGF-2LMW knock out (ko) and FGF-2HMWko mice have been generated, as well as mice specifically overexpressing either FGF-2LMW or FGF-2HMW. So far, the development and functionality of the cardiovascular system, bone formation and regeneration as well as their impact on the central nervous system including disease models of neurodegeneration, have been examined. This review provides a summary of the studies characterizing the in vivo effects modulated by the FGF-2 isoforms and, thus, offers a comprehensive overview of its actions in the aforementioned organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Freiin von Hövel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 2, D-30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Ekaterini Kefalakes
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 2, D-30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Claudia Grothe
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 2, D-30559 Hannover, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-2897; Fax: +49-511-532-2880
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5
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Figueroa V, Rodríguez MS, Lanari C, Lamb CA. Nuclear action of FGF members in endocrine-related tissues and cancer: Interplay with steroid receptor pathways. Steroids 2019; 152:108492. [PMID: 31513818 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the fibroblast growth factors/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF/FGFR) pathway has been implicated in a wide range of human disorders and several members have been localized in the nuclear compartment. Hormone-activated steroid receptors or ligand independent activated receptors form nuclear complexes that activate gene transcription. This review aims to highlight the interplay between the steroid receptor and the FGF/FGFR pathways and focuses on the current knowledge on nuclear action of FGF members in endocrine-related tissues and cancer. The nuclear trafficking and targets of FGF/FGFR members and the available evidence on the interplay with steroid hormones and receptors is described. Finally, the data on aberrant FGF/FGFR signaling is summarized and the nuclear action of FGF members on endocrine resistant breast cancer is highlighted. Identifying the mechanisms underlying FGF-induced endocrine resistance will be important to understand how to efficiently target endocrine-related diseases and even enhance or restore endocrine sensitivity in hormone receptor positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Figueroa
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - María Sol Rodríguez
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Claudia Lanari
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Caroline Ana Lamb
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
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Membrane-Associated, Not Cytoplasmic or Nuclear, FGFR1 Induces Neuronal Differentiation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030243. [PMID: 30875802 PMCID: PMC6468866 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The intracellular transport of receptor tyrosine kinases results in the differential activation of various signaling pathways. In this study, optogenetic stimulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor type 1 (FGFR1) was performed to study the effects of subcellular targeting of receptor kinases on signaling and neurite outgrowth. The catalytic domain of FGFR1 fused to the algal light-oxygen-voltage-sensing (LOV) domain was directed to different cellular compartments (plasma membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus) in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) and pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Blue light stimulation elevated the pERK and pPLCγ1 levels in membrane-opto-FGFR1-transfected cells similarly to ligand-induced receptor activation; however, no changes in pAKT levels were observed. PC12 cells transfected with membrane-opto-FGFR1 exhibited significantly longer neurites after light stimulation than after growth factor treatment, and significantly more neurites extended from their cell bodies. The activation of cytoplasmic FGFR1 kinase enhanced ERK signaling in HEK293 cells but not in PC12 cells and did not induce neuronal differentiation. The stimulation of FGFR1 kinase in the nucleus also did not result in signaling changes or neurite outgrowth. We conclude that FGFR1 kinase needs to be associated with membranes to induce the differentiation of PC12 cells mainly via ERK activation.
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7
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Si W, Xie W, Deng W, Xiao Y, Karnik SS, Xu C, Chen Q, Wang QK. Angiotensin II increases angiogenesis by NF-κB-mediated transcriptional activation of angiogenic factor AGGF1. FASEB J 2018; 32:5051-5062. [PMID: 29641288 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701543rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenic factor with G-patch and FHA domains 1 (AGGF1) is involved in vascular development, angiogenesis, specification of hemangioblasts, and differentiation of veins. When mutated, however, it causes Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, a vascular disorder. In this study, we show that angiotensin II (AngII)-the major effector of the renin-angiotensin system and one of the most important regulators of the cardiovascular system-induces the expression of AGGF1 through NF-κB, and that AGGF1 plays a key role in AngII-induced angiogenesis. AngII significantly up-regulated the levels of AGGF1 mRNA and protein in HUVECs at concentrations of 10-40 μg/ml but not >60 μg/ml. AngII type 1 receptor (AT1R) inhibitor losartan inhibited AngII-induced up-regulation of AGGF1, whereas AT2R inhibitor PD123319 further increased AngII-induced up-regulation of AGGF1. Up-regulation of AGGF1 by AngII was blocked by NF-κB inhibitors, and p65 binds directly to a binding site at the promoter/regulatory region of AGGF1 and transcriptionally activates AGGF1 expression. AngII-induced endothelial tube formation was blocked by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for RELA (RELA proto-oncogene, NF-κB subunit)/p65 or AGGF1, and the effect of RELA siRNA was rescued by AGGF1. AngII-induced angiogenesis from aortic rings was severely impaired in Aggf1+/- mice, and the effect was restored by AGGF1. These data suggest that AngII acts as a critical regulator of AGGF1 expression through NF-κB, and that AGGF1 plays a key role in AngII-induced angiogenesis.-Si, W., Xie, W., Deng, W., Xiao, Y., Karnik, S. S., Xu, C., Chen, Q., Wang, Q. K. Angiotensin II increases angiogenesis by NF-κB-mediated transcriptional activation of angiogenic factor AGGF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Si
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics-Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Huangshi Central Hospital-Edong Healthcare Group, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Huangshi, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics-Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbing Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics-Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- College of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sadashiva S Karnik
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; and.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Learner College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; and
| | - Chengqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics-Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuyun Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; and.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Learner College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; and
| | - Qing Kenneth Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics-Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,College of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; and.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Learner College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; and.,Department of Genetics and Genome Science, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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8
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Narla ST, Lee YW, Benson C, Sarder P, Brennand K, Stachowiak E, Stachowiak M. Common developmental genome deprogramming in schizophrenia - Role of Integrative Nuclear FGFR1 Signaling (INFS). Schizophr Res 2017; 185:17-32. [PMID: 28094170 PMCID: PMC5507209 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The watershed-hypothesis of schizophrenia asserts that over 200 different mutations dysregulate distinct pathways that converge on an unspecified common mechanism(s) that controls disease ontogeny. Consistent with this hypothesis, our RNA-sequencing of neuron committed cells (NCCs) differentiated from established iPSCs of 4 schizophrenia patients and 4 control subjects uncovered a dysregulated transcriptome of 1349 mRNAs common to all patients. Data reveals a global dysregulation of developmental genome, deconstruction of coordinated mRNA networks, and the formation of aberrant, new coordinated mRNA networks indicating a concerted action of the responsible factor(s). Sequencing of miRNA transcriptomes demonstrated an overexpression of 16 miRNAs and deconstruction of interactive miRNA-mRNA networks in schizophrenia NCCs. ChiPseq revealed that the nuclear (n) form of FGFR1, a pan-ontogenic regulator, is overexpressed in schizophrenia NCCs and overtargets dysregulated mRNA and miRNA genes. The nFGFR1 targeted 54% of all human gene promoters and 84.4% of schizophrenia dysregulated genes. The upregulated genes reside within major developmental pathways that control neurogenesis and neuron formation, whereas downregulated genes are involved in oligodendrogenesis. Our results indicate (i) an early (preneuronal) genomic etiology of schizophrenia, (ii) dysregulated genes and new coordinated gene networks are common to unrelated cases of schizophrenia, (iii) gene dysregulations are accompanied by increased nFGFR1-genome interactions, and (iv) modeling of increased nFGFR1 by an overexpression of a nFGFR1 lead to up or downregulation of selected genes as observed in schizophrenia NCCs. Together our results designate nFGFR1 signaling as a potential common dysregulated mechanism in investigated patients and potential therapeutic target in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. T. Narla
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA,Western New York Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Y-W. Lee
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - C.A. Benson
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA,Western New York Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - P. Sarder
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - K. Brennand
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, New York, NY, USA
| | - E.K. Stachowiak
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA,Western New York Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M.K. Stachowiak
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA,Western New York Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to Michal K. Stachowiak Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, SUNY, 3435 Main Street, 206A Farber Hall, Buffalo, N.Y. 14214, tel. (716) 829 3540
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9
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Akl MR, Nagpal P, Ayoub NM, Tai B, Prabhu SA, Capac CM, Gliksman M, Goy A, Suh KS. Molecular and clinical significance of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2 /bFGF) in malignancies of solid and hematological cancers for personalized therapies. Oncotarget 2016; 7:44735-44762. [PMID: 27007053 PMCID: PMC5190132 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is essential for normal and cancer biology. Mammalian FGF family members participate in multiple signaling pathways by binding to heparan sulfate and FGF receptors (FGFR) with varying affinities. FGF2 is the prototype member of the FGF family and interacts with its receptor to mediate receptor dimerization, phosphorylation, and activation of signaling pathways, such as Ras-MAPK and PI3K pathways. Excessive mitogenic signaling through the FGF/FGFR axis may induce carcinogenic effects by promoting cancer progression and increasing the angiogenic potential, which can lead to metastatic tumor phenotypes. Dysregulated FGF/FGFR signaling is associated with aggressive cancer phenotypes, enhanced chemotherapy resistance and poor clinical outcomes. In vitro experimental settings have indicated that extracellular FGF2 affects proliferation, drug sensitivity, and apoptosis of cancer cells. Therapeutically targeting FGF2 and FGFR has been extensively assessed in multiple preclinical studies and numerous drugs and treatment options have been tested in clinical trials. Diagnostic assays are used to quantify FGF2, FGFRs, and downstream signaling molecules to better select a target patient population for higher efficacy of cancer therapies. This review focuses on the prognostic significance of FGF2 in cancer with emphasis on therapeutic intervention strategies for solid and hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R. Akl
- Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Poonam Nagpal
- Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Nehad M. Ayoub
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Betty Tai
- Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Sathyen A. Prabhu
- Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Catherine M. Capac
- Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Matthew Gliksman
- Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Andre Goy
- Lymphoma Division, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - K. Stephen Suh
- Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
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10
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Stachowiak MK, Stachowiak EK. Evidence-Based Theory for Integrated Genome Regulation of Ontogeny--An Unprecedented Role of Nuclear FGFR1 Signaling. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:1199-218. [PMID: 26729628 PMCID: PMC5067692 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Genetic experiments have positioned the fgfr1 gene at the top of the gene hierarchy that governs gastrulation, as well as the subsequent development of the major body axes, nervous system, muscles, and bones, by affecting downstream genes that control the cell cycle, pluripotency, and differentiation, as well as microRNAs. Studies show that this regulation is executed by a single protein, the nuclear isoform of FGFR1 (nFGFR1), which integrates signals from development‐initiating factors, such as retinoic acid (RA), and operates at the interface of genomic and epigenomic information. nFGFR1 cooperates with a multitude of transcriptional factors (TFs), and targets thousands of genes encoding for mRNAs, as well as miRNAs in top ontogenic networks. nFGFR1 binds to the promoters of ancient proto‐oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, in addition to binding to metazoan morphogens that delineate body axes, and construct the nervous system, as well as mesodermal and endodermal tissues. The discovery of pan‐ontogenic gene programming by integrative nuclear FGFR1 signaling (INFS) impacts our understanding of ontogeny, as well as developmental pathologies, and holds new promise for reconstructive medicine, and cancer therapy. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 1199–1218, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal K Stachowiak
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cells Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Ewa K Stachowiak
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cells Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
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Förthmann B, Aletta JM, Lee YW, Terranova C, Birkaya B, Stachowiak EK, Stachowiak MK, Claus P. Coalition of Nuclear Receptors in the Nervous System. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2875-80. [PMID: 25966815 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A universal signaling module has been described which utilizes the nuclear form of Fibroblast growth Factor Receptor 1 (FGFR1) in a central role directing the post-mitotic development of neural cells through coordinated gene expression. In this review, we discuss in detail the current knowledge of FGFR1 nuclear interaction partners in three scenarios: (i) Engagement of FGFR1 in neuronal stem cells and regulation of neuronal differentiation; (ii) interaction with the orphan receptor Nurr1 in development of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons; (iii) modulation of nuclear FGFR1 interactions downstream of nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling. These coalitions demonstrate the versatility of non-canonical, nuclear tyrosine kinase signaling in diverse cellular differentiation programs of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John M Aletta
- CH3 BioSystems LLC, New York State Center for Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Yu-Wei Lee
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cells Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Chris Terranova
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cells Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Barbara Birkaya
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cells Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ewa K Stachowiak
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cells Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Michal K Stachowiak
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cells Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Peter Claus
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Neuroanatomy, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
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Xu Y, Zhang H, Nguyen VTM, Angelopoulos N, Nunes J, Reid A, Buluwela L, Magnani L, Stebbing J, Giamas G. LMTK3 Represses Tumor Suppressor-like Genes through Chromatin Remodeling in Breast Cancer. Cell Rep 2015; 12:837-49. [PMID: 26212333 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
LMTK3 is an oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) implicated in various types of cancer, including breast, lung, gastric, and colorectal cancer. It is localized in different cellular compartments, but its nuclear function has not been investigated so far. We mapped LMTK3 binding across the genome using ChIP-seq and found that LMTK3 binding events are correlated with repressive chromatin markers. We further identified KRAB-associated protein 1 (KAP1) as a binding partner of LMTK3. The LMTK3/KAP1 interaction is stabilized by PP1α, which suppresses KAP1 phosphorylation specifically at LMTK3-associated chromatin regions, inducing chromatin condensation and resulting in transcriptional repression of LMTK3-bound tumor suppressor-like genes. Furthermore, LMTK3 functions at distal regions in tethering the chromatin to the nuclear periphery, resulting in H3K9me3 modification and gene silencing. In summary, we propose a model where a scaffolding function of nuclear LMTK3 promotes cancer progression through chromatin remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Xu
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Hua Zhang
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Van Thuy Mai Nguyen
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nicos Angelopoulos
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Joao Nunes
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alistair Reid
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Laki Buluwela
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Luca Magnani
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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13
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Terranova C, Narla ST, Lee YW, Bard J, Parikh A, Stachowiak EK, Tzanakakis ES, Buck MJ, Birkaya B, Stachowiak MK. Global Developmental Gene Programing Involves a Nuclear Form of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-1 (FGFR1). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123380. [PMID: 25923916 PMCID: PMC4414453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies have placed the Fgfr1 gene at the top of major ontogenic pathways that enable gastrulation, tissue development and organogenesis. Using genome-wide sequencing and loss and gain of function experiments the present investigation reveals a mechanism that underlies global and direct gene regulation by the nuclear form of FGFR1, ensuring that pluripotent Embryonic Stem Cells differentiate into Neuronal Cells in response to Retinoic Acid. Nuclear FGFR1, both alone and with its partner nuclear receptors RXR and Nur77, targets thousands of active genes and controls the expression of pluripotency, homeobox, neuronal and mesodermal genes. Nuclear FGFR1 targets genes in developmental pathways represented by Wnt/β-catenin, CREB, BMP, the cell cycle and cancer-related TP53 pathway, neuroectodermal and mesodermal programing networks, axonal growth and synaptic plasticity pathways. Nuclear FGFR1 targets the consensus sequences of transcription factors known to engage CREB-binding protein, a common coregulator of transcription and established binding partner of nuclear FGFR1. This investigation reveals the role of nuclear FGFR1 as a global genomic programmer of cell, neural and muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Terranova
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Sridhar T. Narla
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Yu-Wei Lee
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Bard
- Next-Generation Sequencing and Expression Analysis Core, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Abhirath Parikh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Western New York Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Ewa K. Stachowiak
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Emmanuel S. Tzanakakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Western New York Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Buck
- Department of Biochemistry, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Western New York Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Barbara Birkaya
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Michal K. Stachowiak
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Stachowiak MK, Birkaya B, Aletta JM, Narla ST, Benson CA, Decker B, Stachowiak EK. "Nuclear FGF receptor-1 and CREB binding protein: an integrative signaling module". J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:989-1002. [PMID: 25503065 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this review we summarize the current understanding of a novel integrative function of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-1 (FGFR1) and its partner CREB Binding Protein (CBP) acting as a nuclear regulatory complex. Nuclear FGFR1 and CBP interact with and regulate numerous genes on various chromosomes. FGFR1 dynamic oscillatory interactions with chromatin and with specific genes, underwrites gene regulation mediated by diverse developmental signals. Integrative Nuclear FGFR1 Signaling (INFS) effects the differentiation of stem cells and neural progenitor cells via the gene-controlling Feed-Forward-And-Gate mechanism. Nuclear accumulation of FGFR1 occurs in numerous cell types and disruption of INFS may play an important role in developmental disorders such as schizophrenia, and in metastatic diseases such as cancer. Enhancement of INFS may be used to coordinate the gene regulation needed to activate cell differentiation for regenerative purposes or to provide interruption of cancer stem cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal K Stachowiak
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cells Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York, Buffalo
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15
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Cassol CA, Winer D, Liu W, Guo M, Ezzat S, Asa SL. Tyrosine kinase receptors as molecular targets in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. Mod Pathol 2014; 27:1050-62. [PMID: 24390213 PMCID: PMC4977182 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are neuroendocrine tumors shown to be responsive to multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment. Despite growing knowledge regarding their genetic basis, the ability to predict behavior in these tumors remains challenging. There is also limited knowledge of their tyrosine kinase receptor expression and whether the clinical response observed to the TKI sunitinib relates only to its anti-angiogenic properties or also due to a direct effect on tumor cells. To answer these questions, an in vitro model of sunitinib treatment of a pheochromocytoma cell line was created. Sunitinib targets (VEGFRs, PDGFRs, and C-KIT), FGFRs, and cell cycle regulatory proteins were investigated in human tissue microarrays. SDHB immunohistochemistry was used as a surrogate marker for the presence of succinate dehydrogenase mutations. The FGFR4 G388R single nucleotide polymorphism was also investigated. Sunitinib treatment in vitro decreases cell proliferation mainly by targeting cell cycle, DNA metabolism, and cell organization genes. FGFR1, -2, and -4, VEGFR2, PDGFRα, and p16 were overexpressed in primary human pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. Discordant results were observed for VEGFR1, p27, and p21 overexpressed in paragangliomas but underexpressed in pheochromocytomas; PDGFRβ, Rb, and Cyclin D1 overexpressed in paragangliomas only; and FGFR3 overexpressed in pheochromocytomas and underexpressed in paragangliomas. Low expression of C-KIT, p53, and Aurora kinase A and B was observed. Nuclear FGFR2 expression was associated with increased risk of metastasis (odds ratio (OR)=7.61, P=0.008), as was membranous PDGFRα (OR=13.71, P=0.015), membranous VEGFR1 (OR=8.01, P=0.037), nuclear MIB1 (OR=1.26, P=0.008), and cytoplasmic p27 (OR=1.037, P=0.030). FGFR3, VEGFR2, and C-KIT levels were associated with decreased risk of metastasis. We provide new insights into the mechanistic actions of sunitinib in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas, and support current evidence that multitargeted TKIs might be a suitable treatment alternative for these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa A. Cassol
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Winer
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Liu
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miao Guo
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shereen Ezzat
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvia L. Asa
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Antitumor effect of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker losartan for orthotopic rat pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Pancreas 2014; 43:886-90. [PMID: 24717824 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic inhibitory effects of gemcitabine and losartan, angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blockers, on an orthotopic rat pancreatic cancer model. METHODS The rat orthotopic pancreatic cancer model was prepared using DSL-6A/C cells, a rat ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line. The rats were treated with gemcitabine alone (100 mg/kg per week), losartan alone (100 mg/kg per day), or gemcitabine plus losartan. RESULTS Survival was significantly improved by treatment with gemcitabine (89.6 ± 21.8 days) or losartan (76.9 ± 18.7 days) alone compared with that in the control group (59.6 ± 13.4 days; P < 0.05). Treatment with gemcitabine plus losartan further prolonged the survival time to 102.6 ± 16.5 days compared with that in the control group (P < 0.0001). Gemcitabine or losartan significantly and dose-dependently reduced the proliferation of DSL-6A/C cells in vitro. Both drugs inhibited pancreatic vascular endothelial growth factor expression compared with that in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that combined treatment with gemcitabine and losartan significantly improved the survival of rats with orthotopic pancreatic cancer by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor synthesis and suppressing cancer cell proliferation via AT1 receptor blockade. Thus, an AT1 receptor blocker in combination with gemcitabine might improve the clinical outcomes of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.
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17
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Abstract
FGFR (fibroblast growth factor receptor) signalling plays critical roles in embryogensis, adult physiology, tissue repair and many pathologies. Of particular interest over recent years, it has been implicated in a wide range of cancers, and concerted efforts are underway to target different aspects of FGFR signalling networks. A major focus has been identifying the canonical downstream signalling pathways in cancer cells, and these are now relatively well understood. In the present review, we focus on two distinct but emerging hot topics in FGF biology: its role in stromal cross-talk during cancer progression and the potential roles of FGFR signalling in the nucleus. These neglected areas are proving to be of great interest clinically and are intimately linked, at least in pancreatic cancer. The importance of the stroma in cancer is well accepted, both as a conduit/barrier for treatment and as a target in its own right. Nuclear receptors are less acknowledged as targets, largely due to historical scepticism as to their existence or importance. However, increasing evidence from across the receptor tyrosine kinase field is now strong enough to make the study of nuclear growth factor receptors a major area of interest.
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Coleman SJ, Chioni AM, Ghallab M, Anderson RK, Lemoine NR, Kocher HM, Grose RP. Nuclear translocation of FGFR1 and FGF2 in pancreatic stellate cells facilitates pancreatic cancer cell invasion. EMBO Mol Med 2014; 6:467-81. [PMID: 24503018 PMCID: PMC3992074 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201302698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is characterised by desmoplasia, driven by activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). Over-expression of FGFs and their receptors is a feature of pancreatic cancer and correlates with poor prognosis, but whether their expression impacts on PSCs is unclear. At the invasive front of human pancreatic cancer, FGF2 and FGFR1 localise to the nucleus in activated PSCs but not cancer cells. In vitro, inhibiting FGFR1 and FGF2 in PSCs, using RNAi or chemical inhibition, resulted in significantly reduced cell proliferation, which was not seen in cancer cells. In physiomimetic organotypic co-cultures, FGFR inhibition prevented PSC as well as cancer cell invasion. FGFR inhibition resulted in cytoplasmic localisation of FGFR1 and FGF2, in contrast to vehicle-treated conditions where PSCs with nuclear FGFR1 and FGF2 led cancer cells to invade the underlying extra-cellular matrix. Strikingly, abrogation of nuclear FGFR1 and FGF2 in PSCs abolished cancer cell invasion. These findings suggest a novel therapeutic approach, where preventing nuclear FGF/FGFR mediated proliferation and invasion in PSCs leads to disruption of the tumour microenvironment, preventing pancreatic cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey J Coleman
- Centre for Tumour Biology Barts Cancer Institute - a CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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19
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Fujiu K, Nagai R. Fibroblast-mediated pathways in cardiac hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 70:64-73. [PMID: 24492068 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Under normal physiological conditions, cardiac fibroblasts are the primary producers of extracellular matrix and supply a mechanical scaffold for efficacious heart contractions induced by cardiomyocytes. In the hypertrophic heart, cardiac fibroblasts provide a pivotal contribution to cardiac remodeling. Many growth factors and extracellular matrix components secreted by cardiac fibroblasts induce and modify cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Recent evidence revealed that cardiomyocyte-cardiac fibroblast communications are complex and multifactorial. Many growth factors and molecules contribute to cardiac hypertrophy via different roles that include induction of hypertrophy and the feedback hypertrophic response, fine-tuning of adaptive hypertrophy, limitation of left ventricular dilation, and modification of interstitial changes. This review focuses on recent work and topics and provides a mechanistic insight into cardiomyocyte-cardiac fibroblast communication in cardiac hypertrophy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Myocyte-Fibroblast Signalling in Myocardium ".
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhito Fujiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative (TSBMI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ryozo Nagai
- Funding Program for World-Leading Innovative R&D on Science and Technology (FIRST Program), Tokyo, Japan; Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
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20
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Chromatin-associated CSF-1R binds to the promoter of proliferation-related genes in breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2013; 33:4359-64. [PMID: 24362524 PMCID: PMC4141303 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and its receptor CSF-1R physiologically regulate the monocyte/macrophage system, trophoblast implantation and breast development. An abnormal CSF-1R expression has been documented in several human epithelial tumors, including breast carcinomas. We recently demonstrated that CSF-1/CSF-1R signaling drives proliferation of breast cancer cells via ‘classical' receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, including activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. In this paper, we show that CSF-1R can also localize within the nucleus of breast cancer cells, either cell lines or tissue specimens, irrespectively of their intrinsic molecular subtype. We found that the majority of nuclear CSF-1R is located in the chromatin-bound subcellular compartment. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that CSF-1R, once in the nucleus, binds to the promoters of the proliferation-related genes CCND1, c-JUN and c-MYC. CSF-1R also binds the promoter of its ligand CSF-1 and positively regulates CSF-1 expression. The existence of such a receptor/ligand regulatory loop is a novel aspect of CSF-1R signaling. Moreover, our results provided the first evidence of a novel localization site of CSF-1R in breast cancer cells, suggesting that CSF-1R could act as a transcriptional regulator on proliferation-related genes.
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Narla S, Klejbor I, Birkaya B, Lee YW, Morys J, Stachowiak EK, Terranova C, Bencherif M, Stachowiak MK. α7 Nicotinic receptor agonist reactivates neurogenesis in adult brain. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:1099-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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22
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Narla ST, Klejbor I, Birkaya B, Lee YW, Morys J, Stachowiak EK, Prokop D, Bencherif M, Stachowiak MK. Activation of developmental nuclear fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 signaling and neurogenesis in adult brain by α7 nicotinic receptor agonist. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:776-88. [PMID: 24014683 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactivation of endogenous neurogenesis in the adult brain or spinal cord holds the key for treatment of central nervous system injuries and neurodegenerative disorders, which are major health care issues for the world's aging population. We have previously shown that activation of developmental integrative nuclear fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) signaling (INFS), via gene transfection, reactivates neurogenesis in the adult brain by promoting neuronal differentiation of brain neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs). In the present study, we report that targeting the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) with a specific TC-7020 agonist led to a robust accumulation of endogenous FGFR1 in the cell nucleus. Nuclear FGFR1 accumulation was accompanied by an inhibition of proliferation of NS/PCs in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and by the generation of new neurons. Neuronal differentiation was observed in different regions of the adult mouse brain, including (a) βIII-Tubulin-expressing cortical neurons, (b) calretinin-expressing hippocampal neurons, and (c) cells in substantia nigra expressing the predopaminergic Nurr1+ phenotype. Furthermore, we showed that in vitro stimulation of neural stem/progenitor cells with α7nAChR agonist directly activated INFS and neuronal-like differentiation. TC-7020 stimulation of the βIII-Tubulin gene was accompanied by increased binding of FGFR1, CREB binding protein, and RNA polymerase II to a Nur77 targeted promoter region. TC-7020 augmented Nur77-dependent activation of nerve growth factor inducible-B protein responsive element, indicating that α7nAChR upregulation of βIII-Tubulin involves neurogenic FGFR1-Nur signaling. The reactivation of INFS and neurogenesis in adult brain by the α7nAChR agonist may offer a new strategy to treat brain injuries, neurodegenerative diseases, and neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar T Narla
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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23
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NGF-induced cell differentiation and gene activation is mediated by integrative nuclear FGFR1 signaling (INFS). PLoS One 2013; 8:e68931. [PMID: 23874817 PMCID: PMC3707895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is the founding member of the polypeptide neurotrophin family responsible for neuronal differentiation. To determine whether the effects of NGF rely upon novel Integrative Nuclear FGF Receptor-1 (FGFR1) Signaling (INFS) we utilized the PC12 clonal cell line, a long-standing benchmark model of sympathetic neuronal differentiation. We demonstrate that NGF increases expression of the fgfr1 gene and promotes trafficking of FGFR1 protein from cytoplasm to nucleus by inhibiting FGFR1 nuclear export. Nuclear-targeted dominant negative FGFR1 antagonizes NGF-induced neurite outgrowth, doublecortin (dcx) expression and activation of the tyrosine hydroxylase (th) gene promoter, while active constitutive nuclear FGFR1 mimics the effects of NGF. NGF increases the expression of dcx, th, βIII tubulin, nurr1 and nur77, fgfr1and fibroblast growth factor-2 (fgf-2) genes, while enhancing binding of FGFR1and Nur77/Nurr1 to those genes. NGF activates transcription from isolated NurRE and NBRE motifs. Nuclear FGFR1 transduces NGF activation of the Nur dimer and raises basal activity of the Nur monomer. Cooperation of nuclear FGFR1 with Nur77/Nurr1 in NGF signaling expands the integrative functions of INFS to include NGF, the first discovered pluripotent neurotrophic factor.
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24
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Wu YC, Zhu M, Robertson DM. Novel nuclear localization and potential function of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor/insulin receptor hybrid in corneal epithelial cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42483. [PMID: 22879999 PMCID: PMC3411736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin receptor (INSR) are highly homologous molecules, which can heterodimerize to form an IGF-1R/INSR hybrid (Hybrid-R). The presence and biological significance of the Hybrid-R in human corneal epithelium has not yet been established. In addition, while nuclear localization of IGF-1R was recently reported in cancer cells and human corneal epithelial cells, the function and profile of nuclear IGF-1R is unknown. In this study, we characterized the nuclear localization and function of the Hybrid-R and the role of IGF-1/IGF-1R and Hybrid-R signaling in the human corneal epithelium. Methodology/Principle Findings IGF-1-mediated signaling and cell growth were examined in a human telomerized corneal epithelial (hTCEpi) cell line using co-immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting and cell proliferation assays. The presence of Hybrid-R in hTCEpi and primary cultured human corneal epithelial cells was confirmed by immunofluorescence and reciprocal immunoprecipitation of whole cell lysates. We found that IGF-1 stimulated Akt and promoted cell growth through IGF-1R activation, which was independent of the Hybrid-R. The presence of Hybrid-R, but not IGF-1R/IGF-1R, was detected in nuclear extracts. Knockdown of INSR by small interfering RNA resulted in depletion of the INSR/INSR and preferential formation of Hybrid-R. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation sequencing assay with anti-IGF-1R or anti-INSR was subsequently performed to identify potential genomic targets responsible for critical homeostatic regulatory pathways. Conclusion/Significance In contrast to previous reports on nuclear localized IGF-1R, this is the first report identifying the nuclear localization of Hybrid-R in an epithelial cell line. The identification of a nuclear Hybrid-R and novel genomic targets suggests that IGF-1R traffics to the nucleus as an IGF-1R/INSR heterotetrameric complex to regulate corneal epithelial homeostatic pathways. The development of novel therapeutic strategies designed to target the IGF-1/IGF-1R pathway must take into account the modulatory roles IGF-1R/INSR play in the epithelial cell nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Meifang Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Danielle M. Robertson
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: .
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Lee YW, Terranova C, Birkaya B, Narla S, Kehoe D, Parikh A, Dong S, Ratzka A, Brinkmann H, Aletta JM, Tzanakakis ES, Stachowiak EK, Claus P, Stachowiak MK. A novel nuclear FGF Receptor-1 partnership with retinoid and Nur receptors during developmental gene programming of embryonic stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:2920-36. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Asmane I, Watkin E, Alberti L, Duc A, Marec-Berard P, Ray-Coquard I, Cassier P, Decouvelaere AV, Ranchère D, Kurtz JE, Bergerat JP, Blay JY. Insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) exclusive nuclear staining: a predictive biomarker for IGF-1R monoclonal antibody (Ab) therapy in sarcomas. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48:3027-35. [PMID: 22682017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS A minority of patients with advanced sarcoma achieve prolonged progression free survival (PFS) with insulin growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) monoclonal antibody (Ab) therapy. A biomarker identifying those patients beforehand would be useful to select patients for the development of these agents. METHODS This single centre series includes patients with unresectable or metastatic soft tissue sarcomas (STS), Ewing sarcoma (ES) and osteosarcoma treated with IGF-1R Ab (R1507, IMC-A12, SCH 717454 and CP-751.871) in the Centre Léon Bérard. Tumour samples were analysed by immunohistochemistry for expression of IGF-1R, insulin-like growth factor binding protein type 3 (IGFBP-3), Ki67, epidermal growth factor receptor (HER1) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Predictive factors for PFS and overall survival (OS) were investigated. RESULTS All tumour samples had a positive IGF-1R immunostaining on 60% to 100% of tumour cells. IGFBP-3 immunostaining was observed in 12 (75%) samples with 5% to 100% of positive cells. IGF-1R immunostaining was nuclear (n=9, 56%), cytoplasmic (n=4, 25%), or nuclear +cytoplasmic (n=3, 19%). Neither IGFBP-3 expression, nor Ki67 was correlated to PFS. HER2 and HER1 staining were positive in 0 and 2 samples respectively (both primary resistant to IGF-1R Ab therapy). Exclusive intra-nuclear immunoreactivity for IGF-1R was significantly associated with a better PFS (p=0.01) and OS (p=0.007). CONCLUSION Exclusive nuclear localisation of IGF-1R is an easily testable biomarker associated with a better PFS and OS for patients treated with IGF-1R Ab therapy. Nuclear localisation of IGF-1R in tumour cells might be a hallmark of pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irène Asmane
- CHU Strasbourg, 1, Avenue Molière, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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Chioni AM, Grose R. FGFR1 cleavage and nuclear translocation regulates breast cancer cell behavior. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 197:801-17. [PMID: 22665522 PMCID: PMC3373409 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201108077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
FGFR1 cleavage by Granzyme B induces its nuclear translocation, in which it stimulates cell migration through effects on gene expression. FGF-10 and its receptors, FGFR1 and FGFR2, have been implicated in breast cancer susceptibility and progression, suggesting that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling may be co-opted by breast cancer cells. We identify a novel pathway downstream of FGFR1 activation, whereby the receptor is cleaved and traffics to the nucleus, where it can regulate specific target genes. We confirm Granzyme B (GrB) as the protease responsible for cleavage and show that blocking GrB activity stopped FGFR1 trafficking to the nucleus and abrogates the promigratory effect of FGF stimulation. We confirm the in vivo relevance of our findings, showing that FGFR1 localized to the nucleus specifically in invading cells in both clinical material and a three-dimensional model of breast cancer. We identify target genes for FGFR1, which exert significant effects on cell migration and may represent an invasive signature. Our experiments identify a novel mechanism by which FGF signaling can regulate cancer cell behavior and provide a novel therapeutic target for treatment of invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina-Myrto Chioni
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, England, UK
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Baron O, Förthmann B, Lee YW, Terranova C, Ratzka A, Stachowiak EK, Grothe C, Claus P, Stachowiak MK. Cooperation of nuclear fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and Nurr1 offers new interactive mechanism in postmitotic development of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:19827-40. [PMID: 22514272 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.347831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiments in mice deficient for Nurr1 or expressing the dominant-negative FGF receptor (FGFR) identified orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 and FGFR1 as essential factors in development of mesencephalic dopaminergic (mDA) neurons. FGFR1 affects brain cell development by two distinct mechanisms. Activation of cell surface FGFR1 by secreted FGFs stimulates proliferation of neural progenitor cells, whereas direct integrative nuclear FGFR1 signaling (INFS) is associated with an exit from the cell cycle and neuronal differentiation. Both Nurr1 and INFS activate expression of neuronal genes, such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis. Here, we show that nuclear FGFR1 and Nurr1 are expressed in the nuclei of developing TH-positive cells in the embryonic ventral midbrain. Both nuclear receptors were effectively co-immunoprecipitated from the ventral midbrain of FGF-2-deficient embryonic mice, which previously showed an increase of mDA neurons and enhanced nuclear FGFR1 accumulation. Immunoprecipitation and co-localization experiments showed the presence of Nurr1 and FGFR1 in common nuclear protein complexes. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated the Nurr1-mediated shift of nuclear FGFR1-EGFP mobility toward a transcriptionally active population and that both Nurr1 and FGFR1 bind to a common region in the TH gene promoter. Furthermore, nuclear FGFR1 or its 23-kDa FGF-2 ligand (FGF-2(23)) enhances Nurr1-dependent activation of the TH gene promoter. Transcriptional cooperation of FGFR1 with Nurr1 was confirmed on isolated Nurr1-binding elements. The proposed INFS/Nurr1 nuclear partnership provides a novel mechanism for TH gene regulation in mDA neurons and a potential therapeutic target in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Baron
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Robertson DM, Zhu M, Wu YC. Cellular distribution of the IGF-1R in corneal epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2011; 94:179-86. [PMID: 22193032 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This study characterized the expression and subcellular localization of the IGF-1R in human corneal epithelial cells. Using a human telomerase-immortalized corneal epithelial cell line, IGF-1R expression and localization was assayed by immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation followed by western blot. IGF-1R expression was confirmed in primary cultured human corneal epithelial cells. Nuclear localization was assessed under basal and IGF-1 stimulated culture conditions; phosphorylation status of the receptor in response to IGF-1 was demonstrated by western blot. IGF-1R:E-cadherin interactions were detected by immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation of whole cell lysates. The results of this study demonstrated that IGF-1R localized predominantly to the nucleus and in a perinuclear cap pattern which co-localized with the Golgi complex in proliferating corneal epithelial cells. There was no difference in nuclear localization between primary or telomerized cell lines. Subcellular fractionation confirmed IGF-1Rα- and β-subunit localization in soluble and chromatin-bound nuclear fractions. Neither growth factor withdrawal nor IGF-1 stimulation altered nuclear IGF-1R. At points of cell-cell contact, IGF-1R co-localized with E-cadherin; co- immunoprecipitation assays confirmed the presence of an IGF-1R:E-cadherin complex. Importantly, this is the first report to identify IGF-1R in the nucleus and complexed with E-cadherin at points of cell-cell contact in corneal epithelial cells. Nuclear trafficking appeared to be independent of ligand-mediated events at the plasma membrane. The identification of IGF-1R in the nucleus and complexed with E-cadherin suggests novel regulatory functions outside the canonical ligand-induced endocytosis signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Robertson
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9057, USA.
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Kanwar JR, Sun X, Punj V, Sriramoju B, Mohan RR, Zhou SF, Chauhan A, Kanwar RK. Nanoparticles in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological disorders: untamed dragon with fire power to heal. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 8:399-414. [PMID: 21889479 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The incidence of neurological diseases of unknown etiology is increasing, including well-studied diseases such as Alzhiemer's, Parkinson's, and multiple sclerosis. The blood-brain barrier provides protection for the brain but also hinders the treatment and diagnosis of these neurological diseases, because the drugs must cross the blood-brain barrier to reach the lesions. Thus, attention has turned to developing novel and effective delivery systems that are capable of carrying drug and that provide good bioavailability in the brain. Nanoneurotechnology, particularly application of nanoparticles in drug delivery, has provided promising answers to some of these issues in recent years. Here we review the recent advances in the understanding of several common forms of neurological diseases and particularly the applications of nanoparticles to treat and diagnose them. In addition, we discuss the integration of bioinformatics and modern genomic approaches in the development of nanoparticles. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR In this review paper, applications of nanotechnology-based diagnostic methods and therapeutic modalities are discussed addressing a variety of neurological disorders, with special attention to blood-brain barrier delivery methods. These novel nanomedicine approaches are expected to revolutionize several aspects of clinical neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagat R Kanwar
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research, Centre for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Biosciences (BioDeakin), Institute for Technology & Research Innovation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
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Tang W, Wei Y, Le K, Li Z, Bao Y, Gao J, Zhang F, Cheng S, Liu P. Mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK 1/2- and p38-GATA4 pathways mediate the Ang II-induced activation of FGF2 gene in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 81:518-25. [PMID: 21108934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 11/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Several genes, including fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), are up-regulated in the hypertrophic heart. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced activation of FGF2 in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy are largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the signaling cascades underlying the Ang II-induced transcriptional activation of FGF2 in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot showed that Ang II upregulates FGF2 expression and that these effects were attenuated by U0126 or SB203580, but not by SP600125. Deletion analyses revealed that the region between -845 and -666 is essential for Ang II-induced FGF2 promoter activity. The existence of an atypical GATA4-binding motif, located at position -752, was identified using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Using both EMSA and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses, we also showed that Ang II increases binding of GATA4 to DNA, and that this effect is attenuated in the presence of U0126 or SB203580, but not in the presence of SP600125. GATA4 siRNA significantly reduced Ang II-induced FGF2 mRNA levels. Together, these results indicate that binding of GATA4 to DNA is increased by Ang II via extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and p38 kinase, which increases FGF2 gene expression in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Tang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Santiago JJ, Ma X, McNaughton LJ, Nickel BE, Bestvater BP, Yu L, Fandrich RR, Netticadan T, Kardami E. Preferential accumulation and export of high molecular weight FGF-2 by rat cardiac non-myocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2010; 89:139-47. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Sehat B, Tofigh A, Lin Y, Trocmé E, Liljedahl U, Lagergren J, Larsson O. SUMOylation mediates the nuclear translocation and signaling of the IGF-1 receptor. Sci Signal 2010; 3:ra10. [PMID: 20145208 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) plays crucial roles in developmental and cancer biology. Most of its biological effects have been ascribed to its tyrosine kinase activity, which propagates signaling through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Here, we report that IGF-1 promotes the modification of IGF-1R by small ubiquitin-like modifier protein-1 (SUMO-1) and its translocation to the nucleus. Nuclear IGF-1R associated with enhancer-like elements and increased transcription in reporter assays. The SUMOylation sites of IGF-1R were identified as three evolutionarily conserved lysine residues-Lys(1025), Lys(1100), and Lys(1120)-in the beta subunit of the receptor. Mutation of these SUMO-1 sites abolished the ability of IGF-1R to translocate to the nucleus and activate transcription but did not alter its kinase-dependent signaling. Thus, we demonstrate a SUMOylation-mediated mechanism of IGF-1R signaling that has potential implications for gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Sehat
- 1Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska, R8:04, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Clapp C, Thebault S, Jeziorski MC, Martínez De La Escalera G. Peptide hormone regulation of angiogenesis. Physiol Rev 2009; 89:1177-215. [PMID: 19789380 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00024.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now apparent that regulation of blood vessel growth contributes to the classical actions of hormones on development, growth, and reproduction. Endothelial cells are ideally positioned to respond to hormones, which act in concert with locally produced chemical mediators to regulate their growth, motility, function, and survival. Hormones affect angiogenesis either directly through actions on endothelial cells or indirectly by regulating proangiogenic factors like vascular endothelial growth factor. Importantly, the local microenvironment of endothelial cells can determine the outcome of hormone action on angiogenesis. Members of the growth hormone/prolactin/placental lactogen, the renin-angiotensin, and the kallikrein-kinin systems that exert stimulatory effects on angiogenesis can acquire antiangiogenic properties after undergoing proteolytic cleavage. In view of the opposing effects of hormonal fragments and precursor molecules, the regulation of the proteases responsible for specific protein cleavage represents an efficient mechanism for balancing angiogenesis. This review presents an overview of the actions on angiogenesis of the above-mentioned peptide hormonal families and addresses how specific proteolysis alters the final outcome of these actions in the context of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico.
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35
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Fibroblast growth factor-2 regulates the stability of nuclear bodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:12747-52. [PMID: 19617559 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0900122106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear bodies are distinct subnuclear structures. The survival of motoneuron (SMN) gene is mutated or deleted in patients with the neurodegenerative disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). The gene product SMN is a marker protein for one class of nuclear bodies denoted as nuclear gems. SMN has also been found in Cajal bodies, which co-localize with gems in many cell types. Interestingly, SMA patients display a reduced number of gems. Little is known about the regulation of nuclear body formation and stabilization. We have previously shown that a nuclear isoform of the fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2(23)) binds directly to SMN. In this study, we analyzed the consequences of FGF-2(23) binding to SMN with regard to nuclear body formation. On a molecular level, we showed that FGF-2(23) competed with Gemin2 (a component of the SMN complex that is necessary for gem stabilization) for binding to SMN. Down-regulation of Gemin2 by siRNA caused destabilization of SMN-positive nuclear bodies. This process is reflected in both cellular and in vivo systems by a negative regulatory function of FGF-2 in nuclear body formation: in HEK293 cells, FGF-2(23) decreased the number of SMN-positive nuclear bodies. The same effect could be observed in motoneurons of FGF-2 transgenic mice. This study demonstrates the functional role of a growth factor in the regulation of structural entities of the nucleus.
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Lee JL, Wang MJ, Chen JY. Acetylation and activation of STAT3 mediated by nuclear translocation of CD44. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 185:949-57. [PMID: 19506034 PMCID: PMC2711621 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200812060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the type I transmembrane glycoprotein CD44 has recently been recognized as a signature for cancer stem cells. In this study, we demonstrate that CD44, once engaged, is internalized and translocated to the nucleus, where it binds to various promoters, including that of cyclin D1, leading to cell fate change through transcriptional reprogramming. In regulating cyclin D1 expression, the internalized CD44 forms a complex with STAT3 and p300 (acetyltransferase), eliciting STAT3 acetylation at lysine 685 and dimer formation in a cytokine- and growth factor-independent manner. A bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) was mapped to the cytoplasmic tail of CD44, which mediates its nuclear translocation. Expression of CD44(NLS) mutant sequesters STAT3 in cytosol. In the nucleus, the acetylated STAT3 dimer remains associated with CD44 and binds to the cyclin D1 promoter, leading to increased cyclin D1 expression and cell proliferation. This study describes a novel function for CD44 in transcriptional modulation through nuclear translocation of the internalized CD44 and complex formation with transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Stachowiak EK, Roy I, Lee YW, Capacchietti M, Aletta JM, Prasad PN, Stachowiak MK. Targeting novel integrative nuclear FGFR1 signaling by nanoparticle-mediated gene transfer stimulates neurogenesis in the adult brain. Integr Biol (Camb) 2009; 1:394-403. [PMID: 20023746 DOI: 10.1039/b902617g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis, the process of differentiation of neuronal stem/progenitor cells (NS/PC) into mature neurons, holds the key to the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders, which are a major health issue for the world's aging population. We report that targeting the novel integrative nuclear FGF Receptor 1 signaling (INFS) pathway enhances the latent potential of NS/PCs to undergo neuronal differentiation, thus promoting neurogenesis in the adult brain. Employing organically modified silica (ORMOSIL)-DNA nanoplexes to efficiently transfect recombinant nuclear forms of FGFR1 and its FGF-2 ligand into the brain subventricular zone, we find that INFS stimulates the NS/PC to withdraw from the cell cycle, differentiate into doublecortin expressing migratory neuroblasts and neurons that migrate to the olfactory bulb, subcortical brain regions and in the brain cortex. Thus, nanoparticle-mediated non-viral gene transfer may be used to induce selective differentiation of NS/PCs, providing a potentially significant impact on the treatment of a broad range of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa K Stachowiak
- Molecular and Structural Neurobiology and Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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Chow L, Rezmann L, Catt KJ, Louis WJ, Frauman AG, Nahmias C, Louis SNS. Role of the renin-angiotensin system in prostate cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009; 302:219-29. [PMID: 18824067 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Revised: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is highly prevalent in Western society, and its early stages can be controlled by androgen ablation therapy. However, the cancer eventually regresses to an androgen-independent state for which there is no effective treatment. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), in particular the octapeptide angiotensin II, is now recognised to have important effects on growth factor signalling and cell growth in addition to its well known actions on blood pressure, fluid homeostasis and electrolyte balance. All components of the RAS have been recently identified in the prostate, consistent with the expression of a local RAS system in this tissue. This review focuses on the role of the RAS in the prostate, and the possibility that this pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer and other prostatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chow
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Matsuzuka T, Miller K, Pickel L, Doi C, Ayuzawa R, Tamura M. The synergistic induction of cyclooxygenase-2 in lung fibroblasts by angiotensin II and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mol Cell Biochem 2008; 320:163-71. [PMID: 18827978 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although we have demonstrated that Angiotensin II (Ang II) signaling plays a role in colon and lung tumorigenesis, the precise mechanisms by which Ang II stimulates tumorigenesis remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic induction of COX-2 by Ang II and pro-inflammatory cytokines in lung fibroblasts. We also compared the efficiencies of Ang II-dependent COX-2 induction in lung epithelial cells and stromal cells. Ang II induced COX-2 expression in lung fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner (10(-9) to 10(-7) M) through the Ang II subtype 1 receptor (AT(1)). In addition, Ang II synergistically stimulated the induction of COX-2 by pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1beta, or TNF-alpha. Our results indicate that the pro-tumorigenic function of Ang II is attributable, in part, to its strong stimulatory effect of COX-2 expression in lung fibroblasts in which synergistic stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines was evident. It is also suggested that the AT(1) receptor in lung fibroblasts may be a rational target for chemoprevention of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Matsuzuka
- Anatomy & Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Arrieta O, Pineda-Olvera B, Guevara-Salazar P, Hernández-Pedro N, Morales-Espinosa D, Cerón-Lizarraga TL, González-De la Rosa CH, Rembao D, Segura-Pacheco B, Sotelo J. Expression of AT1 and AT2 angiotensin receptors in astrocytomas is associated with poor prognosis. Br J Cancer 2008; 99:160-6. [PMID: 18594540 PMCID: PMC2453037 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytomas develop intense vascular proliferation, essential for tumour growth and invasiveness. Angiotensin II (ANGII) was initially described as a vasoconstrictor; recent studies have shown its participation in cellular proliferation, vascularisation, and apoptosis. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the expression of ANGII receptors – AT1 and AT2 – and their relationship with prognosis. We studied 133 tumours from patients with diagnosis of astrocytoma who underwent surgery from 1997 to 2002. AT1 and AT2 were expressed in 52 and 44% of the tumours, respectively, when determined by both reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Ten per cent of low-grade astrocytomas were positive for AT1, whereas grade III and IV astrocytomas were positive in 67% (P<0.001). AT2 receptors were positive in 17% of low-grade astrocytomas and in 53% of high-grade astrocytomas (P=0.01). AT1-positive tumours showed higher cellular proliferation and vascular density. Patients with AT1-positive tumours had a lower survival rate than those with AT1-negative (P<0.001). No association to survival was found for AT2 in the multivariate analysis. Expression of AT1 and AT2 is associated with high grade of malignancy, increased cellular proliferation, and angiogenesis, and is thus related to poor prognosis. These findings suggest that ANGII receptors might be potential therapeutic targets for high-grade astrocytomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Arrieta
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory and Medical Oncology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan 14080, México.
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Bachis A, Mallei A, Cruz MI, Wellstein A, Mocchetti I. Chronic antidepressant treatments increase basic fibroblast growth factor and fibroblast growth factor-binding protein in neurons. Neuropharmacology 2008; 55:1114-20. [PMID: 18682257 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Revised: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
One of the mechanisms proposed for antidepressant drugs is the enhancement of synaptic connections and plasticity in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is a growth factor essential for the proper formation of synaptic connections in the cerebral cortex, maturation and survival of catecholamine neurons, and neurogenesis. In this report, we attempted to establish a correlation between antidepressant treatments and FGF2 expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, two brain areas relevant for depression. Desipramine (DMI, 10mg/kg) or fluoxetine (FLU, 5mg/kg) was injected acutely (single injection) or chronically (daily injection for two weeks) in adult rats. Chronic, but not acute, antidepressant treatments increase FGF2 immunoreactivity in neurons of the cerebral cortex and in both astrocytes and neurons of the hippocampus. FGF2 immunoreactivity in the cortex was increased mainly in the cytoplasm of neurons of layer V. Western blot analyses of nuclear and cytosolic extracts from the cortex revealed that both antidepressants increase FGF2 isoforms in the cytosolic extracts and decrease accumulation of FGF2 immunoreactivity in the nucleus. To characterize the anatomical and cellular specificity of antidepressants, we examined FGF-binding protein (FBP), a secreted protein that acts as an extracellular chaperone for FGF2 and enhances its activity. DMI and FLU increased FBP immunoreactivity in both cortical and hippocampal neurons. Our data suggest that FGF2 and FBP may participate in the plastic responses underlying the clinical efficacy of antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Bachis
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, EP04, New Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Roy I, Stachowiak MK, Bergey EJ. Nonviral gene transfection nanoparticles: function and applications in the brain. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2008; 4:89-97. [PMID: 18313990 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2008.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In vivo transfer and expression of foreign genes allows for the elucidation of functions of genes in living organisms and generation of disease models in animals that more closely resemble the etiology of human diseases. Gene therapy holds promise for the cure of a number of diseases at the fundamental level. Synthetic "nonviral" materials are fast gaining popularity as safe and efficient vectors for delivering genes to target organs. Not only can nanoparticles function as efficient gene carriers, they also can simultaneously carry diagnostic probes for direct "real-time" visualization of gene transfer and downstream processes. This review has focused on the central nervous system (CNS) as the target for nonviral gene transfer, with special emphasis on organically modified silica (ORMOSIL) nanoparticles developed in our laboratory. These nanoparticles have shown robust gene transfer efficiency in brain cells in vivo and allowed to investigate mechanisms that control neurogenesis as well as neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
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Abstract
Physiological angiogenesis is essential for development, homeostasis and tissue repair but pathological neovascularization is a major feature of tumours, rheumatoid arthritis and ocular complications. Studies over the last decade have identified γ-secretase, a presenilin-dependent protease, as a key regulator of angiogenesis through: (i) regulated intramembrane proteolysis and transmembrane cleavage of receptors (e.g. VEGFR-1, Notch, ErbB-4, IGFI-R) followed by translocation of the intracellular domain to the nucleus, (ii) translocation of full length membrane-bound receptors to the nucleus (VEGFR-1), (iii) phosphorylation of membrane bound proteins (VEGFR-1 and ErbB-4), (iv) modulation of adherens junctions (cadherin) and regulation of permeability and (v) cleavage of amyloid precursor protein to amyloid-β which is able to regulate the angiogenic process. The γ-secretase-induced translocation of receptors to the nucleus provides an alternative intracellular signalling pathway, which acts as a potent regulator of transcription. γ-secretase is a complex composed of four different integral proteins (presenilin, nicastrin, Aph-1 and Pen-2), which determine the stability, substrate binding, substrate specificity and proteolytic activity of γ-secretase. This seeming complexity allows numerous possibilities for the development of targeted γ-secretase agonists/antagonists, which can specifically regulate the angiogenic process. This review will consider the structure and function of γ-secretase, the growing evidence for its role in angiogenesis and the substrates involved, γ-secretase as a therapeutic target and future challenges in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Boulton
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Stachowiak MK, Maher PA, Stachowiak EK. Integrative Nuclear Signaling in Cell Development—A Role for FGF Receptor-1. DNA Cell Biol 2007; 26:811-26. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2007.0664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michal K. Stachowiak
- Molecular and Structural Neurobiology and Gene Therapy Program, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Ewa K. Stachowiak
- Molecular and Structural Neurobiology and Gene Therapy Program, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
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45
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Senetar MA, Moncman CL, McCann RO. Talin2 is induced during striated muscle differentiation and is targeted to stable adhesion complexes in mature muscle. CELL MOTILITY AND THE CYTOSKELETON 2007; 64:157-73. [PMID: 17183545 DOI: 10.1002/cm.20173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The cytoskeletal protein talin serves as an essential link between integrins and the actin cytoskeleton in several similar, but functionally distinct, adhesion complexes, including focal adhesions, costameres, and intercalated disks. Vertebrates contain two talin genes, TLN1 and TLN2, but the different roles of Talin1 and Talin2 in cell adhesion are unclear. In this report we have analyzed Talin1 and Talin2 in striated muscle. Using isoform-specific antibodies, we found that Talin2 is highly expressed in mature striated muscle. Using mouse C2C12 cells and primary human skeletal muscle myoblasts as models of muscle differentiation, we show that Talin1 is expressed in undifferentiated myoblasts and that Talin2 expression is upregulated during muscle differentiation at both the mRNA and protein levels. We have also identified regulatory sequences that may be responsible for the differential expression of Talin1 and Talin2. Using GFP-tagged Talin1 and Talin2 constructs, we found that GFP-Talin1 targets to focal adhesions while GFP-Talin2 targets to abnormally large adhesions in myoblasts. We also found that ectopic expression of Talin2 in myoblasts, which do not contain appreciable levels of Talin2, dysregulates the actin cytoskeleton. Finally we demonstrate that Talin2, but not Talin1, localizes to costameres and intercalated disks, which are stable adhesions required for the assembly of mature striated muscle. Our results suggest that Talin1 is the primary link between integrins and actin in dynamic focal adhesions in undifferentiated, motile cells, but that Talin2 may serve as the link between integrins and the sarcomeric cytoskeletonin stable adhesion complexes in mature striated muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Senetar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509, USA
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46
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Goetzl EJ. Hypothesis: VPAC G protein-coupled receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide constitute a dynamic system for signaling T cells from plasma membrane and nuclear membrane complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 137:75-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2006.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Revised: 04/25/2006] [Accepted: 04/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Marchetti L, Sabbieti MG, Agas D, Menghi M, Materazzi G, Menghi G, Hurley MM. PGF2alpha increases FGF-2 and FGFR2 trafficking in Py1a rat osteoblasts via clathrin independent and importin beta dependent pathway. J Cell Biochem 2006; 97:1379-92. [PMID: 16365892 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) stimulated fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) cytosolic and nuclear accumulation, however, the endocytic pathway has not been elucidated. This study demonstrates that although PGF2alpha increased the formation of clathrin-coated structures in Py1a rat osteoblasts, they were not involved in FGF-2 and FGFR2 trafficking. PGF2alpha increased binding of FGF-2 and FGFR2 and co-localization of reactive sites in addition to nuclear translocation at the nuclear pore complex level. FGF-2 and FGFR2 were in close spatial correlation with importin beta, further supporting nuclear import of the FGF-2/FGFR2 complex. Immunogold and immunofluorescence techniques as well as Western blotting demonstrated increased importin beta protein labeling in response to PGF2alpha. Similar to PGF2alpha, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) also increased importin beta protein. These data strongly suggest that prostaglandins may regulate osteoblast metabolism via FGF-2/FGFR2/importin beta nuclear trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Marchetti
- Department of Comparative Morphology and Biochemistry, University of Camerino, Camerino (MC)/Italy.
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Klejbor I, Myers JM, Hausknecht K, Corso TD, Gambino AS, Morys J, Maher PA, Hard R, Richards J, Stachowiak EK, Stachowiak MK. Fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling affects development and function of dopamine neurons - inhibition results in a schizophrenia-like syndrome in transgenic mice. J Neurochem 2006; 97:1243-58. [PMID: 16524369 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03754.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Developing and mature midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons express fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor-1 (FGFR1). To determine the role of FGFR1 signaling in the development of DA neurons, we generated transgenic mice expressing a dominant negative mutant [FGFR1(TK-)] from the catecholaminergic, neuron-specific tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene promoter. In homozygous th(tk-)/th(tk-) mice, significant reductions in the size of TH-immunoreactive neurons were found in the substantia nigra compacta (SNc) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) at postnatal days 0 and 360. Newborn th(tk-)/th(tk-) mice had a reduced density of DA neurons in both SNc and VTA, and the changes in SNc were maintained into adulthood. The reduced density of DA transporter in the striatum further demonstrated an impaired development of the nigro-striatal DA system. Paradoxically, the th(tk-)/th(tk-) mice had increased levels of DA, homovanilic acid and 3-methoxytyramine in the striatum, indicative of excessive DA transmission. These structural and biochemical changes in DA neurons are similar to those reported in human patients with schizophrenia and, furthermore, these th(tk-)/th(tk-) mice displayed an impaired prepulse inhibition that was reversed by a DA receptor antagonist. Thus, this study establishes a new developmental model for a schizophrenia-like disorder in which the inhibition of FGF signaling leads to alterations in DA neurons and DA-mediated behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Klejbor
- Molecular and Structural Neurobiology and Gene Therapy Program, Departments of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences and Chemistry, SUNY Buffalo, New York 14214, USA
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Li A, Guo H, Luo X, Sheng J, Yang S, Yin Y, Zhou J, Zhou J. Apomorphine-induced activation of dopamine receptors modulates FGF-2 expression in astrocytic cultures and promotes survival of dopaminergic neurons. FASEB J 2006; 20:1263-5. [PMID: 16636101 DOI: 10.1096/fj.05-5510fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Apomorphine (APO), a potent D1/D2 dopamine receptor agonist, is currently used as an antiparkinsonian drug. We have shown previously that APO stimulates synthesis and release of multiple trophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), in both mesencephalic and striatal neurons, thereby effectively preventing dopaminergic neuron loss in vitro. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of APO on fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) expression and regulation in astrocytes, and furthermore, to identify signaling mechanisms underlying these effects. Here, we show that FGF-2 expression is robustly induced in cultured astrocytes in response to APO. FGF-2 expression was proportional to APO concentration and time-dependent. Conversely, treatment with S-APO, a derivative of R-APO lacking DA receptor agonist activity, did not alter FGF-2 levels. APO treatment resulted in enhanced cytosol FGF-2 immunoreactivity, export of high MW forms of FGF-2 to the cytoplasm from the nucleus and increased extracellular release of FGF-2. Interestingly, both high and low MW forms of FGF-2 were detectable in conditioned medium of APO-treated cultures. This APO-induced effect was correlated with activation of D1 and D2 receptors, as it could be either mimicked by dopamine receptor agonists (SKF38393, quinpirole) or partially blocked by antagonists (SCH23390, SKF83566, haloperidol). Activation of the D1 receptor preferentially increased PKA activity, whereas activation of the D2 receptor only promoted phosphorylation of MAPK. Importantly, APO-modulated FGF-2 expression was independent of Akt/phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling. These data suggest that APO can enhance biosynthesis and release of FGF-2 through activation of dopamine receptors in striatal astrocytes. Both cAMP/PKA and MEK/MAPK signaling cascades are major steps mediating this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqun Li
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, PR China
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50
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Lo HW, Hung MC. Nuclear EGFR signalling network in cancers: linking EGFR pathway to cell cycle progression, nitric oxide pathway and patient survival. Br J Cancer 2006; 94:184-8. [PMID: 16434982 PMCID: PMC2361115 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidences suggest the existence of a new mode of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling pathway in which activated EGFR undergoes nuclear translocalization and subsequently regulates gene expression and potentially mediates other cellular processes. This signalling route is distinct from the better-characterized, traditional EGFR pathway that involves transduction of mitogenic signals through activation of multiple signalling cascades. Transcriptional activity of nuclear EGFR appears to depend on its C-terminal transactivation domain and its physical and functional interaction with other transcription factors that contain DNA-binding activity. Likely via its ability to upregulate gene expression, nuclear EGFR pathway is associated with major characteristics of more aggressive tumours: increased proliferative potential, nitric oxide synthesis, and accelerated G1/S cell cycle progression. A role of nuclear EGFR in prognostic prediction is further suggested in patients with breast carcinomas and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. It is noted that significant advances were made towards the knowledge of the nuclear EGFR pathway; however, many aspects of this new pathway remain unresolved and will be discussed in this review. As a number of other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and cytokine receptors also undergo similar nuclear translocalization, a better understanding of the physiological and malignant nature of the nuclear EGFR pathway will likely shed light into the biology of cancer with nuclear RTKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-W Lo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - M-C Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA. E-mail:
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