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Lin SC, Cheng YS, Lin YS, Nguyen TMH, Chiu WT, Tsai YC, Chen HY, Lin TY, Lin SC. The long noncoding RNA lncZBTB10 facilitates AR function via S-palmitoylation to promote prostate cancer progression and abiraterone resistance. Br J Cancer 2025; 132:587-598. [PMID: 39956847 PMCID: PMC11961768 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-025-02938-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 12/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2025] [Indexed: 02/18/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of androgen receptor (AR) by androgen binding to its ligand-binding domain (LBD) has led to the development of clinical drugs that target androgen biosynthesis or the LBD of AR for the treatment of prostate cancer patients. While these drugs initially offer clinical benefits, the emergence of drug resistance is inevitable after a certain duration of treatment. OBJECTIVES Exploring alternative AR domains or identifying novel mechanisms for AR activation is crucial for advancing prostate cancer therapies. METHODS A systematic bioinformatic analysis identified novel androgen-responsive long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in prostate cancer, which were verified using loss-of-function and gain-of-function strategies in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS lncZBTB10 or LINC02986 was overexpressed in prostate cancer specimens and correlated with poor clinical outcomes. Mechanistically, our findings elucidate the pivotal role of lncZBTB10 in facilitating AR function by inducing S-palmitoylation. Moreover, the interaction between lncZBTB10 and AR not only fosters but also orchestrates biomolecular condensates within the nucleus driven by a novel RNA-binding domain, particularly in prostate cancer cells. Notably, the overexpression of lncZBTB10 not only promotes tumor growth in vivo but also triggers abiraterone resistance in vitro by inducing AR expression. CONCLUSIONS These results collectively reveal a novel mechanism by which lncZBTB10 regulates AR function in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Chih Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Cheng
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Syuan Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Thi My Hang Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tai Chiu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chuan Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yi Chen
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yen Lin
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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Hohoff C, Kerkenberg N, Zhang M, Palkowska W, Wachsmuth L, Peng M, Stiehl L, Schettler C, Zang JCS, Huge A, Ponimaskin E, Faber C, Baune BT, Zhang W. Deficiency of the palmitoyl acyltransferase ZDHHC7 modulates depression-like behaviour in female mice after a mild chronic stress paradigm. Transl Psychiatry 2025; 15:20. [PMID: 39856044 PMCID: PMC11759705 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-025-03240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress (CS) is a debilitating condition that negatively affects body and brain. In mice, CS effects range from changes in behaviour and brain microstructure down to the level of gene expression. These effects are partly mediated by sex and sex steroid hormones, which in turn are affected by the palmitoyl acyltransferase ZDHHC7. ZDHHC7 might modulate also the response to CS via palmitoylation of sex steroid hormone receptors and other proteins critical for neuronal structure and functions. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of ZDHHC7 in response to CS on different system levels in a mouse model of Zdhhc7-deficiency. Female and male Zdhhc7-knockout (KO) and -wildtype (WT) mice underwent a four-week-mild CS paradigm or non-stress control (C) condition. After C or CS, behaviours, hippocampal microstructures (via MRI-based diffusion tensor imaging) and brain gene expression profiles (via mRNA-seq transcriptomics) were investigated. Analyses focused on effects of genotype (KO vs. WT) or condition (C vs. CS) separately in both sexes. Our results revealed significant effects particularly in females. Female KOs displayed increased locomotion and reduced depression-like behaviour after CS (KO vs. WT, C vs. CS: pall < 0.05). Hippocampal fibres were reduced in female KOs after C (KO vs. WT: pall < 0.05) but in female WTs after CS (C vs. CS: pall < 0.05). Furthermore, female KOs showed increased cortistatin expression after CS (C vs. CS: mRNAseq and qPCR pall < 0.05). In sum, Zdhhc7-deficiency reduced depression-like behaviours, prevented hippocampal fibre reduction and upregulated cortistatin after CS. It seemed to be related to a sex-specific stress response and may reveal genetic factors of CS-resilience in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Hohoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Nicole Kerkenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Weronika Palkowska
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lydia Wachsmuth
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Maja Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Stiehl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Johannes C S Zang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Huge
- Core Facility Genomics, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Evgeni Ponimaskin
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cornelius Faber
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
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3
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Chaturvedi S, Sonawane A. Recapitulating the potential contribution of protein S-palmitoylation in cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 44:20. [PMID: 39725785 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024]
Abstract
Protein S-palmitoylation is a reversible form of protein lipidation in which the formation of a thioester bond occurs between a cysteine (Cys) residue of a protein and a 16-carbon fatty acid chain. This modification is catalyzed by a family of palmitoyl acyl transferases, the DHHC enzymes, so called because of their Asp-His-His-Cys (DHHC) catalytic motif. Deregulation of DHHC enzymes has been linked to various diseases, including cancer and infections. Cancer, a major cause of global mortality, is characterized by features like uncontrolled cell growth, resistance to cell death, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Several of these processes are controlled by DHHC-mediated S-palmitoylation of oncogenes or tumor suppressors, including growth factor receptors (e.g., EGFR), kinases (e.g., AKT), and transcription factors (e.g., β-catenin). Dynamic regulation of S-palmitoylation is also governed by protein depalmitoylases. These enzymes balance the cycling of palmitoylation and regulate cellular signaling, cell growth, and its organization. Given the significance of S-palmitoylation in cancer, the DHHCs and protein depalmitoylases are promising targets for cancer therapy. Here we summarize the catalytic mechanisms of DHHC enzymes and depalmitoylases, their role in cancer progression and prevention, as well as the crosstalk of palmitoylation with other post-translational modifications. Additionally, we discuss the methods to detect S-palmitoylation, the limitations of available DHHC-targeting inhibitors, and ongoing research efforts to address these obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchi Chaturvedi
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, 453552, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, 453552, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Mo Y, Han Y, Chen Y, Fu C, Li Q, Liu Z, Xiao M, Xu B. ZDHHC20 mediated S-palmitoylation of fatty acid synthase (FASN) promotes hepatocarcinogenesis. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:274. [PMID: 39696259 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 12/04/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein palmitoylation is a reversible fatty acyl modification that undertakes important functions in multiple physiological processes. Dysregulated palmitoylations are frequently associated with the formation of cancer. How palmitoyltransferases for S-palmitoylation are involved in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is largely unknown. METHODS Chemical carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced and DEN combined CCl4 HCC models were used in the zinc finger DHHC-type palmitoyltransferase 20 (ZDHHC20) knockout mice to investigate the role of ZDHHC20 in HCC tumourigenesis. Palmitoylation liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, acyl-biotin exchange assay, co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, protein half-life assays and immunofluorescence microscopy were conducted to explore the downstream regulators and corresponding mechanisms of ZDHHC20 in HCC. RESULTS Knocking out of ZDHHC20 significantly reduced hepatocarcinogenesis induced by chemical agents in the two HCC mouse models in vivo. 97 proteins with 123 cysteine sites were found to be palmitoylated in a ZDHHC20-dependent manner. Among these, fatty acid synthase (FASN) was palmitoylated at cysteines 1471 and 1881 by ZDHHC20. The genetic knockout or pharmacological inhibition of ZDHHC20, as well as the mutation of the critical cysteine sites of FASN (C1471S/C1881S) accelerated the degradation of FASN. Furthermore, ZDHHC20-mediated FASN palmitoylation competed against the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway via the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex SNX8-TRIM28. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the critical role of ZDHHC20 in promoting hepatocarcinogenesis, and a mechanism underlying a mutual restricting mode for protein palmitoylation and ubiquitination modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Mo
- Center for Intelligent Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing University School of Medicine, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oncology for Breast Cancer, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yamei Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Chunling Fu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Qing Li
- Center for Intelligent Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing University School of Medicine, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oncology for Breast Cancer, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Mingming Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Bo Xu
- Center for Intelligent Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing University School of Medicine, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Oncology for Breast Cancer, Chongqing, 400030, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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5
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Lai H, Yang Y, Zhang J. Advances in post-translational modifications and recurrent spontaneous abortion. Gene 2024; 927:148700. [PMID: 38880188 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is defined as two or more pregnancy loss, which affects approximately 1-2% of women's fertility. The etiology of RSA has not yet been fully revealed, which poses a great problem for clinical treatment. Post- translational modifications(PTMs) are chemical modifications that play a crucial role in the functional proteome. A considerable number of published studies have shown the relationship between post-translational modifications of various proteins and RSA. The study of PTMs contributes to elucidating the role of modified proteins in the pathogenesis of RSA, as well as the design of more effective diagnostic/prognostic tools and more targeted treatments. Most reviews in the field of RSA have only focused on RNA epigenomics research. The present review reports the latest research developments of PTMs related to RSA, such as glycosylation, phosphorylation, Methylation, Acetylation, Ubiquitination, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhong Lai
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Agbana S, McIlroy M. Extra-nuclear and cytoplasmic steroid receptor signalling in hormone dependent cancers. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 243:106559. [PMID: 38823459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Steroid hormone receptors are key mediators in the execution of hormone action through a combination of genomic and non-genomic action. Since their isolation and characterisation in the early 20th Century much of our understanding of the biological actions of steroid hormones are underpinned by their activated receptor activity. Over the past two decades there has been an acceleration of more omics-based research which has resulted in a major uptick in our comprehension of genomic steroid action. However, it is well understood that steroid hormones can induce very rapid signalling events in tandem with their genomic actions wherein they exert their influence through alterations in gene expression. Thus the totality of genomic and non-genomic steroid action occurs in a simultaneous and reciprocal manner and a greater appreciation of whole cell action is required to fully evaluate steroid hormone activity in vivo. In this mini-review we outline the most recent developments in non-genomic steroid action and cytoplasmic steroid hormone receptor biology in endocrine-related cancers with a focus on the 3-keto steroid receptors, in particular the androgen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Agbana
- Androgens in Health and Disease research group, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ireland
| | - Marie McIlroy
- Androgens in Health and Disease research group, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ireland.
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7
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Cao D, Sun W, Li X, Jian L, Zhou X, Bode AM, Luo X. The role of novel protein acylations in cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 979:176841. [PMID: 39033839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Novel protein acylations are a class of protein post-translational modifications, such as lactylation, succinylation, crotonylation, palmitoylation, and β-hydroxybutyrylation. These acylation modifications are common in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and play pivotal roles in various key cellular processes by regulating gene transcription, protein subcellular localization, stability and activity, protein-protein interactions, and protein-DNA interactions. The diversified acylations are closely associated with various human diseases, especially cancer. In this review, we provide an overview of the distinctive characteristics, effects, and regulatory factors of novel protein acylations. We also explore the various mechanisms through which novel protein acylations are involved in the occurrence and progression of cancer. Furthermore, we discuss the development of anti-cancer drugs targeting novel acylations, offering promising avenues for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Wenxuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Lian Jian
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Xinran Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Xiangjian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology of National Health Commission, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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8
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Montoya-Novoa I, Gardeazábal-Torbado JL, Alegre-Martí A, Fuentes-Prior P, Estébanez-Perpiñá E. Androgen receptor post-translational modifications and their implications for pathology. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1673-1694. [PMID: 38958586 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
A major mechanism to modulate the biological activities of the androgen receptor (AR) involves a growing number of post-translational modifications (PTMs). In this review we summarise the current knowledge on the structural and functional impact of PTMs that affect this major transcription factor. Next, we discuss the cross-talk between these different PTMs and the presence of clusters of modified residues in the AR protein. Finally, we discuss the implications of these covalent modifications for the aetiology of diseases such as spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy's disease) and prostate cancer, and the perspectives for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Montoya-Novoa
- Structural Biology of Nuclear Receptors, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Gardeazábal-Torbado
- Structural Biology of Nuclear Receptors, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Alegre-Martí
- Structural Biology of Nuclear Receptors, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Fuentes-Prior
- Structural Biology of Nuclear Receptors, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Estébanez-Perpiñá
- Structural Biology of Nuclear Receptors, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Dai P, He J, Wei Y, Xu M, Zhao J, Zhou X, Tang H. High Dose of Estrogen Protects the Lungs from Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Downregulating the Angiotensin II Signaling Pathway. Inflammation 2024; 47:1248-1261. [PMID: 38386131 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-01973-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
We explored the sex difference in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) and the role and mechanism of estrogen (E2) and angiotensin II (Ang II) in LIRI. We established a model of LIRI in mice. E2, Ang II, E2 inhibitor (fulvestrant), and angiotensin II receptor blocker (losartan) were grouped for treatment. The lung wet/dry weight ratio, natural killer (NK) cells (by flow cytometry), neutrophils (by flow cytometry), expression of key proteins (by Western blot, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and immunofluorescence), and expression of related protein mRNA (by qPCR) were detected. The ultrastructure of the alveolar epithelial cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy. We found that E2 and Ang II played an important role in the progression of LIRI. The two signaling pathways showed obvious antagonism, and E2 regulates LIRI in the different sexes by downregulating Ang II, leading to a better prognosis. E2 and losartan reduced the inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue and key inflammatory factors in serum while fulvestrant and Ang II had the opposite effect. The protective effect of E2 was related with AKT, p38, COX2, and HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Dai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jutong He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yanhong Wei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jinping Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Hexiao Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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10
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Liu B, Zhao X, Zhang S, Li Q, Li X, Huang D, Xia J, Ma N, Duan Y, Zhang X, Rao J. Targeting ZDHHC21/FASN axis for the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2024; 38:351-364. [PMID: 38195819 PMCID: PMC10844076 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
S-palmitoylation is essential for cancer development via regulating protein stability, function and subcellular location, yet the roles S-palmitoylation plays in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) progression remain enigmatic. In this study, we uncovered a novel function of the palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC21 as a tumor suppressor in DLBCL and identified ZDHHC21 as a key regulator of fatty acid synthetase (FASN) S-palmitoylation for the first time. Specifically, ZDHHC21 was downregulated in DLBCL, and its expression level was associated with the clinical prognosis of patients with DLBCL. In vitro and in vivo experiments suggested that ZDHHC21 suppressed DLBCL cell proliferation. Mechanistically, ZDHHC21 interacted with FASN and mediated its palmitoylation at Cys1317, resulting in a decrease in FASN protein stability and fatty acid synthesis, consequently leading to the inhibition of DLBCL cell growth. Of note, an FDA-approved small-molecule compound lanatoside C interacted with ZDHHC21, increased ZDHHC21 protein stability and decreased FASN expression, which contributed to the suppression of DLBCL growth in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that ZDHHC21 strongly represses DLBCL cell proliferation by mediating FASN palmitoylation, and suggest that targeting ZDHHC21/FASN axis is a potential therapeutic strategy against DLBCL.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/genetics
- Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/metabolism
- Fatty Acids
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Prognosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangdong Liu
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hematology and Microenvironment, Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianlan Zhao
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shihao Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinlei Li
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dezhi Huang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Xia
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Naya Ma
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yishuo Duan
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hematology and Microenvironment, Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jun Rao
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hematology and Microenvironment, Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China.
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11
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Li X, Quan M, Wei Y, Wang W, Xu L, Wang Q, Jia J. Critical thinking of Alzheimer's transgenic mouse model: current research and future perspective. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2711-2754. [PMID: 37480469 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic models are useful tools for studying the pathogenesis of and drug development for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). AD models are constructed usually using overexpression or knock-in of multiple pathogenic gene mutations from familial AD. Each transgenic model has its unique behavioral and pathological features. This review summarizes the research progress of transgenic mouse models, and their progress in the unique mechanism of amyloid-β oligomers, including the first transgenic mouse model built in China based on a single gene mutation (PSEN1 V97L) found in Chinese familial AD. We further summarized the preclinical findings of drugs using the models, and their future application in exploring the upstream mechanisms and multitarget drug development in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Meina Quan
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- National Medical Center for Neurological Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yiping Wei
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- National Medical Center for Neurological Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Lingzhi Xu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- National Medical Center for Neurological Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- National Medical Center for Neurological Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China.
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12
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Zhao S, Ma R, Jueraitetibaike K, Xu Y, Jing J, Tang T, Shi M, Zhang H, Ge X, Chen L, Yao B, Guo Z. ZDHHC17 participates in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome by affecting androgen conversion to estrogen in granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 578:112076. [PMID: 37769867 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age and is a significant cause of female subfertility. Our previous research demonstrated that the abnormal palmitoylation of heat shock protein-90α (HSP90α) plays a role in the development of PCOS. However, the palmitoyl acyltransferases in HSP90α palmitoylation remain poorly understood. Herein, we identified ZDHHC17 as a major palmitoyl acyltransferase for HSP90α palmitoylation in granulosa cells. ZDHHC17 protein expression was diminished under excess androgen conditions in vitro and in vivo. Consistently, ovarian ZDHHC17 expression was found to be attenuated in patients with PCOS. ZDHHC17 depletion decreased HSP90α palmitoylation levels and hampered the conversion of androgen to estrogen via CYP19A1. Furthermore, ZDHHC17-mediated regulation of CYP19A1 expression was dependent on HSP90α palmitoylation. Our findings reveal that the regulatory role of HSP90α palmitoylation by ZDHHC17 is critical in PCOS pathophysiology and provide insights into the role of ZDHHC17 in reproductive endocrinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmeizi Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China; Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China; Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Rujun Ma
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China; Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Kadiliya Jueraitetibaike
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China; Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Jun Jing
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China; Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Ting Tang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Munan Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Xie Ge
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China; Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China; Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China; Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
| | - Bing Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China; Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China; Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
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13
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Moors TE, Li S, McCaffery TD, Ho GP, Bechade PA, Pham LN, Ericsson M, Nuber S. Increased palmitoylation improves estrogen receptor alpha-dependent hippocampal synaptic deficits in a mouse model of synucleinopathy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj1454. [PMID: 37976363 PMCID: PMC10957154 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj1454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by conversion of soluble α-synuclein (αS) into intraneuronal aggregates and degeneration of neurons and neuronal processes. Indications that women with early-stage PD display milder neurodegenerative features suggest that female sex partially protects against αS pathology. We previously reported that female sex and estradiol improved αS homeostasis and PD-like phenotypes in E46K-amplified (3K) αS mice. Here, we aimed to further dissect mechanisms that drive this sex dimorphism early in disease. We observed that synaptic abnormalities were delayed in females and improved by estradiol, mediated by local estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Aberrant ERα distribution in 3K compared to wild-type mice was paired with its decreased palmitoylation. Treatment with ML348, a de-palmitoylation inhibitor, increased ERα availability and soluble αS homeostasis, ameliorating synaptic plasticity and cognitive and motor phenotypes. Our finding that sex differences in early-disease αS-induced synaptic impairment in 3KL mice are in part mediated by palmitoylated ERα may have functional and pathogenic implications for clinical PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim E. Moors
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shaomin Li
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas D. McCaffery
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gary P. H. Ho
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pascal A. Bechade
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luu N. Pham
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery in Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Silke Nuber
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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14
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Miziak P, Baran M, Błaszczak E, Przybyszewska-Podstawka A, Kałafut J, Smok-Kalwat J, Dmoszyńska-Graniczka M, Kiełbus M, Stepulak A. Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4689. [PMID: 37835383 PMCID: PMC10572081 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) signaling is a critical regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival in breast cancer (BC) and other hormone-sensitive cancers. In this review, we explore the mechanism of ER-dependent downstream signaling in BC and the role of estrogens as growth factors necessary for cancer invasion and dissemination. The significance of the clinical implications of ER signaling in BC, including the potential of endocrine therapies that target estrogens' synthesis and ER-dependent signal transmission, such as aromatase inhibitors or selective estrogen receptor modulators, is discussed. As a consequence, the challenges associated with the resistance to these therapies resulting from acquired ER mutations and potential strategies to overcome them are the critical point for the new treatment strategies' development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Miziak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (E.B.); (A.P.-P.); (J.K.); (M.D.-G.)
| | - Marzena Baran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (E.B.); (A.P.-P.); (J.K.); (M.D.-G.)
| | - Ewa Błaszczak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (E.B.); (A.P.-P.); (J.K.); (M.D.-G.)
| | - Alicja Przybyszewska-Podstawka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (E.B.); (A.P.-P.); (J.K.); (M.D.-G.)
| | - Joanna Kałafut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (E.B.); (A.P.-P.); (J.K.); (M.D.-G.)
| | - Jolanta Smok-Kalwat
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Holy Cross Cancer Centre, 3 Artwinskiego Street, 25-734 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Dmoszyńska-Graniczka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (E.B.); (A.P.-P.); (J.K.); (M.D.-G.)
| | - Michał Kiełbus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (E.B.); (A.P.-P.); (J.K.); (M.D.-G.)
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (E.B.); (A.P.-P.); (J.K.); (M.D.-G.)
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15
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Schmidhauser M, Hankele AK, Ulbrich SE. Reconsidering "low-dose"-Impacts of oral estrogen exposure during preimplantation embryo development. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:445-458. [PMID: 36864780 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Perturbations of estrogen signaling during developmental stages of high plasticity may lead to adverse effects later in life. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) are compounds that interfere with the endocrine system by particularly mimicking the action of endogenous estrogens as functional agonists or antagonists. EDCs compose synthetic and naturally occurring compounds discharged into the environment, which may be taken up via skin contact, inhalation, orally due to contaminated food or water, or via the placenta during in utero development. Although estrogens are efficiently metabolized by the liver, the role of circulating glucuro- and/or sulpho-conjugated estrogen metabolites in the body has not been fully addressed to date. Particularly, the role of intracellular cleavage to free functional estrogens could explain the hitherto unknown mode of action of adverse effects of EDC at very low concentrations currently considered safe. We summarize and discuss findings on estrogenic EDC with a focus on early embryonic development to highlight the need for reconsidering low dose effects of EDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meret Schmidhauser
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Susanne E Ulbrich
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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He Q, Qu M, Shen T, Su J, Xu Y, Xu C, Barkat MQ, Cai J, Zhu H, Zeng LH, Wu X. Control of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes by protein S-palmitoylation: Novel therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101920. [PMID: 37004843 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) are dynamic coupling structures between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). As a new subcellular structure, MAMs combine the two critical organelle functions. Mitochondria and the ER could regulate each other via MAMs. MAMs are involved in calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, autophagy, ER stress, lipid metabolism, etc. Researchers have found that MAMs are closely related to metabolic syndrome and neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). The formation of MAMs and their functions depend on specific proteins. Numerous protein enrichments, such as the IP3R-Grp75-VDAC complex, constitute MAMs. The changes in these proteins govern the interaction between mitochondria and the ER; they also affect the biological functions of MAMs. S-palmitoylation is a reversible protein post-translational modification (PTM) that mainly occurs on protein cysteine residues. More and more studies have shown that the S-palmitoylation of proteins is closely related to their membrane localization. Here, we first briefly describe the composition and function of MAMs, reviewing the component and biological roles of MAMs mediated by S-palmitoylation, elaborating on S-palmitoylated proteins in Ca2+ flux, lipid rafts, and so on. We try to provide new insight into the molecular basis of MAMs-related diseases, mainly NDs. Finally, we propose potential drug compounds targeting S-palmitoylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang He
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Meiyu Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingyu Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiakun Su
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Jiangxi Industrial Co. Ltd., Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Yana Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chengyun Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim Barkat
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jibao Cai
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Jiangxi Industrial Co. Ltd., Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Haibin Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ling-Hui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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17
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Ramzan F, Abrar F, Mishra GG, Liao LMQ, Martin DDO. Lost in traffic: consequences of altered palmitoylation in neurodegeneration. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1166125. [PMID: 37324388 PMCID: PMC10268010 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1166125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the first molecular events in neurodegenerative diseases, regardless of etiology, is protein mislocalization. Protein mislocalization in neurons is often linked to proteostasis deficiencies leading to the build-up of misfolded proteins and/or organelles that contributes to cellular toxicity and cell death. By understanding how proteins mislocalize in neurons, we can develop novel therapeutics that target the earliest stages of neurodegeneration. A critical mechanism regulating protein localization and proteostasis in neurons is the protein-lipid modification S-acylation, the reversible addition of fatty acids to cysteine residues. S-acylation is more commonly referred to as S-palmitoylation or simply palmitoylation, which is the addition of the 16-carbon fatty acid palmitate to proteins. Like phosphorylation, palmitoylation is highly dynamic and tightly regulated by writers (i.e., palmitoyl acyltransferases) and erasers (i.e., depalmitoylating enzymes). The hydrophobic fatty acid anchors proteins to membranes; thus, the reversibility allows proteins to be re-directed to and from membranes based on local signaling factors. This is particularly important in the nervous system, where axons (output projections) can be meters long. Any disturbance in protein trafficking can have dire consequences. Indeed, many proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases are palmitoylated, and many more have been identified in palmitoyl-proteomic studies. It follows that palmitoyl acyl transferase enzymes have also been implicated in numerous diseases. In addition, palmitoylation can work in concert with cellular mechanisms, like autophagy, to affect cell health and protein modifications, such as acetylation, nitrosylation, and ubiquitination, to affect protein function and turnover. Limited studies have further revealed a sexually dimorphic pattern of protein palmitoylation. Therefore, palmitoylation can have wide-reaching consequences in neurodegenerative diseases.
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18
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Lin Z, Agarwal S, Tan S, Shi H, Lu X, Tao Z, Dong X, Wu X, Zhao JC, Yu J. Palmitoyl acyltransferase ZDHHC7 inhibits androgen receptor and suppresses prostate cancer. Oncogene 2023:10.1038/s41388-023-02718-2. [PMID: 37198397 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The hormonal transcription factor androgen receptor (AR) is a master regulator of prostate cancer (PCa). Protein palmitoylation, which attaches a palmitate fatty acid to a substrate protein, is mediated by a class of 23 ZDHHC (Zinc-Finger DHHC motif)-family palmitoyltransferases. Although palmitoylation has been shown to modify many proteins and regulate diverse cellular processes, little is known about ZDHHC genes in cancer. Here we examined ZDHHC family gene expression in human tissue panels and identified ZDHHC7 as a PCa-relevant member. RNA-seq analyses of PCa cells with ZDHHC7 de-regulation revealed global alterations in androgen response and cell cycle pathways. Mechanistically, ZDHHC7 inhibits AR gene transcription and therefore reduces AR protein levels and abolishes AR signaling in PCa cells. Accordingly, ZDHHC7 depletion increased the oncogenic properties of PCa cells, whereas restoring ZDHHC7 is sufficient to suppress PCa cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and mitigate xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Lastly, we demonstrated that ZDHHC7 is downregulated in human PCa compared to benign-adjacent tissues, and its loss is associated with worse clinical outcomes. In summary, our study reveals a global role of ZDHHC7 in inhibiting androgen response and suppressing PCa progression and identifies ZDHHC7 loss as a biomarker for aggressive PCa and a target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyuan Lin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shivani Agarwal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Song Tan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hongshun Shi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaodong Lu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhipeng Tao
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Xuesen Dong
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Xu Wu
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan C Zhao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jindan Yu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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19
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Tokiwa H, Ueda K, Takimoto E. The emerging role of estrogen's non-nuclear signaling in the cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1127340. [PMID: 37123472 PMCID: PMC10130590 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1127340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism exists in the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which indicates the involvement of sexual hormones in the pathophysiology of CVD. In particular, ample evidence has demonstrated estrogen's protective effect on the cardiovascular system. While estrogen receptors, bound to estrogen, act as a transcription factor which regulates gene expressions by binding to the specific DNA sequence, a subpopulation of estrogen receptors localized at the plasma membrane induces activation of intracellular signaling, called "non-nuclear signaling" or "membrane-initiated steroid signaling of estrogen". Although the precise molecular mechanism of non-nuclear signaling as well as its physiological impact was unclear for a long time, recent development of genetically modified animal models and pathway-selective estrogen receptor stimulant bring new insights into this pathway. We review the published experimental studies on non-nuclear signaling of estrogen, and summarize its role in cardiovascular system, especially focusing on: (1) the molecular mechanism of non-nuclear signaling; (2) the design of genetically modified animals and pathway-selective stimulant of estrogen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tokiwa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ueda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiki Takimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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20
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Sun Y, Li X, Yin C, Zhang J, Liang E, Wu X, Ni Y, Arbesman J, Goding CR, Chen S. AMPK Phosphorylates ZDHHC13 to Increase MC1R Activity and Suppress Melanomagenesis. Cancer Res 2023; 83:1062-1073. [PMID: 36701140 PMCID: PMC10073341 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-2595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Inherited genetic variations in the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) responsible for human red hair color (RHC) variants are associated with impaired DNA damage repair and increased melanoma risk. MC1R signaling is critically dependent on palmitoylation, primarily mediated by the protein acyltransferase zinc finger DHHC-type palmitoyltransferase 13 (ZDHHC13). A better understanding of how ZDHHC13 is physiologically activated could help identify approaches to prevent melanomagenesis in redheads. Here, we report that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylates ZDHHC13 at S208 to strengthen the interaction between ZDHHC13 and MC1R-RHC, leading to enhanced MC1R palmitoylation in redheads. Consequently, phosphorylation of ZDHHC13 by AMPK increased MC1R-RHC downstream signaling. AMPK activation and MC1R palmitoylation repressed UVB-induced transformation of human melanocytes in vitro and delayed melanomagenesis in vivo in C57BL/6J-MC1R-RHC mice. The importance of AMPK to MC1R signaling was validated in human melanomas where AMPK upregulation correlated with expression of factors downstream from MC1R signaling and with prolonged patient survival. These findings suggest AMPK activation as a promising strategy to reduce melanoma risk, especially for individuals with red hair. SIGNIFICANCE Phosphorylation of ZDHHC13 by AMPK at S208 promotes MC1R activation and suppresses melanocyte transformation, indicating activation of AMPK as a potential approach to prevent melanoma in people with red hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Chengqian Yin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Judy Zhang
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Ershang Liang
- The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, New York 10458, USA
| | - Xianfang Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
- Infection Biology Program, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Ying Ni
- Center for Immunotherapy & Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Joshua Arbesman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Shuyang Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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21
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Xue T, Zhao S, Zhang H, Tang T, Zheng L, Jing J, Ge X, Ma R, Ma J, Ren X, Jueraitetibaike K, Guo Z, Chen L, Yao B. PPT1 regulation of HSP90α depalmitoylation participates in the pathogenesis of hyperandrogenism. iScience 2023; 26:106131. [PMID: 36879822 PMCID: PMC9984558 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) in the follicle are the important mediator of steroidogenesis and foster oocyte maturation. Evidences suggested that the function of GCs could be regulated by S-palmitoylation. However, the role of S-palmitoylation of GCs in ovarian hyperandrogenism remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that the protein from GCs in ovarian hyperandrogenism phenotype mouse group exhibits lower palmitoylation level compared with that in the control group. Using S-palmitoylation-enriched quantitative proteomics, we identified heat shock protein isoform α (HSP90α) with lower S-palmitoylation levels in ovarian hyperandrogenism phenotype group. Mechanistically, S-palmitoylation of HSP90α modulates the conversion of androgen to estrogens via the androgen receptor (AR) signalling pathway, and its level is regulated by PPT1. Targeting AR signaling by using dipyridamole attenuated ovarian hyperandrogenism symptoms. Our data help elucidate ovarian hyperandrogenism from perspective of protein modification and provide new evidence showing that HSP90α S-palmitoylation modification might be a potential pharmacological target for ovarian hyperandrogenism treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongmin Xue
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital Department, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211116, China.,Reproductive Medical Center, Clinical Medical College (Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China
| | - Shanmeizi Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.,Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Ting Tang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Jun Jing
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital Department, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China.,Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211116, China
| | - Xie Ge
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Rujun Ma
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Jinzhao Ma
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Kadiliya Jueraitetibaike
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Li Chen
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital Department, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.,Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211116, China
| | - Bing Yao
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital Department, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.,Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211116, China
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22
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Estrogen Receptor Alpha Splice Variants, Post-Translational Modifications, and Their Physiological Functions. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060895. [PMID: 36980236 PMCID: PMC10047206 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of estrogenic signaling for a broad spectrum of biological processes, including reproduction, cancer development, energy metabolism, memory and learning, and so on, has been well documented. Among reported estrogen receptors, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) has been known to be a major mediator of cellular estrogenic signaling. Accumulating evidence has shown that the regulations of ERα gene transcription, splicing, and expression across the tissues are highly complex. The ERα promoter region is composed of multiple leader exons and 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) exons. Differential splicing results in multiple ERα proteins with different molecular weights and functional domains. Furthermore, various post-translational modifications (PTMs) further impact ERα cellular localization, ligand affinity, and therefore functionality. These splicing isoforms and PTMs are differentially expressed in a tissue-specific manner, mediate certain aspects of ERα signaling, and may work even antagonistically against the full-length ERα. The fundamental understanding of the ERα splicing isoforms in normal physiology is limited and association studies of the splicing isoforms and the PTMs are scarce. This review aims to summarize the functional diversity of these ERα variants and the PTMs in normal physiological processes, particularly as studied in transgenic mouse models.
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23
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Johnson CS, Mermelstein PG. The interaction of membrane estradiol receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptors in adaptive and maladaptive estradiol-mediated motivated behaviors in females. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 168:33-91. [PMID: 36868633 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptors were initially identified as intracellular, ligand-regulated transcription factors that result in genomic change upon ligand binding. However, rapid estrogen receptor signaling initiated outside of the nucleus was also known to occur via mechanisms that were less clear. Recent studies indicate that these traditional receptors, estrogen receptor α and estrogen receptor β, can also be trafficked to act at the surface membrane. Signaling cascades from these membrane-bound estrogen receptors (mERs) can rapidly alter cellular excitability and gene expression, particularly through the phosphorylation of CREB. A principal mechanism of neuronal mER action has been shown to occur through glutamate-independent transactivation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu), which elicits multiple signaling outcomes. The interaction of mERs with mGlu has been shown to be important in many diverse functions in females, including driving motivated behaviors. Experimental evidence suggests that a large part of estradiol-induced neuroplasticity and motivated behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, occurs through estradiol-dependent mER activation of mGlu. Herein we will review signaling through estrogen receptors, both "classical" nuclear receptors and membrane-bound receptors, as well as estradiol signaling through mGlu. We will focus on how the interactions of these receptors and their downstream signaling cascades are involved in driving motivated behaviors in females, discussing a representative adaptive motivated behavior (reproduction) and maladaptive motivated behavior (addiction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Paul G Mermelstein
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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24
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Ahluwalia A, Hoa N, Moreira D, Aziz D, Singh K, Patel KN, Levin ER. Membrane Estrogen Receptor β Is Sufficient to Mitigate Cardiac Cell Pathology. Endocrinology 2022; 164:6867852. [PMID: 36461668 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen acting through estrogen receptor β (ERβ) has been shown to oppose the stimulation of cardiac myocytes and cardiac fibroblasts that results in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Previous work has implicated signal transduction from ERβ as being important to the function of estrogen in this regard. Here we address whether membrane ERβ is sufficient to oppose key mechanisms by which angiotensin II (AngII) stimulates cardiac cell pathology. To do this we first defined essential structural elements within ERβ that are necessary for membrane or nuclear localization in cells. We previously determined that cysteine 418 is the site of palmitoylation of ERβ that is required and sufficient for cell membrane localization in mice and is the same site in humans. Here we determined in Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cells, and mouse and rat myocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, the effect on multiple aspects of signal transduction by expressing wild-type (WT ) or a C418A-mutant ERβ. To test the importance of the nuclear receptor, we determined a 4-amino acid deletion in the E domain of ERβ that strongly blocked nuclear localization. Using these tools, we expressed WT and mutant ERβ constructs into cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts from ERβ-deleted mice. We determined the ability of estrogen to mitigate cell pathology stimulated by AngII and whether the membrane ERβ is necessary and sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Ahluwalia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Veterans Affairs, Medical Center, Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90822, USA
| | - Neil Hoa
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Veterans Affairs, Medical Center, Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90822, USA
| | - Debbie Moreira
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Veterans Affairs, Medical Center, Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90822, USA
| | - Daniel Aziz
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Veterans Affairs, Medical Center, Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90822, USA
| | - Karanvir Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Veterans Affairs, Medical Center, Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90822, USA
| | - Khushin N Patel
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Veterans Affairs, Medical Center, Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90822, USA
| | - Ellis R Levin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Veterans Affairs, Medical Center, Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90822, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92717, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92717, USA
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25
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Zhou B, Hao Q, Liang Y, Kong E. Protein palmitoylation in cancer: molecular functions and therapeutic potential. Mol Oncol 2022; 17:3-26. [PMID: 36018061 PMCID: PMC9812842 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein S-palmitoylation (hereinafter referred to as protein palmitoylation) is a reversible lipid posttranslational modification catalyzed by the zinc finger DHHC-type containing (ZDHHC) protein family. The reverse reaction, depalmitoylation, is catalyzed by palmitoyl-protein thioesterases (PPTs), including acyl-protein thioesterases (APT1/2), palmitoyl protein thioesterases (PPT1/2), or alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 17A/B/C (ABHD17A/B/C). Proteins encoded by several oncogenes and tumor suppressors are modified by palmitoylation, which enhances the hydrophobicity of specific protein subdomains, and can confer changes in protein stability, membrane localization, protein-protein interaction, and signal transduction. The importance for protein palmitoylation in tumorigenesis has just started to be elucidated in the past decade; palmitoylation appears to affect key aspects of cancer, including cancer cell proliferation and survival, cell invasion and metastasis, and antitumor immunity. Here we review the current literature on protein palmitoylation in the various cancer types, and discuss the potential of targeting of palmitoylation enzymes or palmitoylated proteins for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhui Zhou
- Institute of Psychiatry and NeuroscienceXinxiang Medical UniversityChina,Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory MedicineXinxiang Medical UniversityChina
| | - Qianyun Hao
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Oncology IIPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Yinming Liang
- Institute of Psychiatry and NeuroscienceXinxiang Medical UniversityChina,Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory MedicineXinxiang Medical UniversityChina,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory MedicineXinxiang Medical UniversityChina
| | - Eryan Kong
- Institute of Psychiatry and NeuroscienceXinxiang Medical UniversityChina
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26
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Chromatin modifiers – Coordinators of estrogen action. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113548. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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27
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Tecalco-Cruz AC, Ramírez-Jarquín JO, Macías-Silva M, Sosa-Garrocho M, López-Camarillo C. Novel Breast Cancer Treatment by Targeting Estrogen Receptor-Alpha Stability Using Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) Technology. Breast Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.36255/exon-publications-breast-cancer-protacs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Mauvais-Jarvis F, Lange CA, Levin ER. Membrane-Initiated Estrogen, Androgen, and Progesterone Receptor Signaling in Health and Disease. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:720-742. [PMID: 34791092 PMCID: PMC9277649 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rapid effects of steroid hormones were discovered in the early 1950s, but the subject was dominated in the 1970s by discoveries of estradiol and progesterone stimulating protein synthesis. This led to the paradigm that steroid hormones regulate growth, differentiation, and metabolism via binding a receptor in the nucleus. It took 30 years to appreciate not only that some cellular functions arise solely from membrane-localized steroid receptor (SR) actions, but that rapid sex steroid signaling from membrane-localized SRs is a prerequisite for the phosphorylation, nuclear import, and potentiation of the transcriptional activity of nuclear SR counterparts. Here, we provide a review and update on the current state of knowledge of membrane-initiated estrogen (ER), androgen (AR) and progesterone (PR) receptor signaling, the mechanisms of membrane-associated SR potentiation of their nuclear SR homologues, and the importance of this membrane-nuclear SR collaboration in physiology and disease. We also highlight potential clinical implications of pathway-selective modulation of membrane-associated SR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Tulane Center of Excellence in Sex-Based Biology & Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Southeast Louisiana Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA
| | - Carol A Lange
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ellis R Levin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 90822, USA
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29
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Tecalco-Cruz AC, Macías-Silva M, Ramírez-Jarquín JO, Ramírez-Jarquín UN. Decoding the Therapeutic Implications of the ERα Stability and Subcellular Distribution in Breast Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:867448. [PMID: 35498431 PMCID: PMC9044904 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.867448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 70% of all breast cancer cases are estrogen receptor-alpha positive (ERα+) and any ERα signaling pathways deregulation is critical for the progression of malignant mammary neoplasia. ERα acts as a transcription factor that promotes the expression of estrogen target genes associated with pro-tumor activity in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, ERα is also part of extranuclear signaling pathways related to endocrine resistance. The regulation of ERα subcellular distribution and protein stability is critical to regulate its functions and, consequently, influence the response to endocrine therapies and progression of this pathology. This minireview highlights studies that have deciphered the molecular mechanisms implicated in controlling ERα stability and nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. These mechanisms offer information about novel biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and promising strategies for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C. Tecalco-Cruz
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marina Macías-Silva
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Uri Nimrod Ramírez-Jarquín
- Neural Signal Transduction, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, United States
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
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30
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Johnson CS, Micevych PE, Mermelstein PG. Membrane estrogen signaling in female reproduction and motivation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1009379. [PMID: 36246891 PMCID: PMC9557733 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1009379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptors were initially identified in the uterus, and later throughout the brain and body as intracellular, ligand-regulated transcription factors that affect genomic change upon ligand binding. However, rapid estrogen receptor signaling initiated outside of the nucleus was also known to occur via mechanisms that were less clear. Recent studies indicate that these traditional receptors, estrogen receptor-α and estrogen receptor-β, can also be trafficked to act at the surface membrane. Signaling cascades from these membrane-bound estrogen receptors (mERs) not only rapidly effect cellular excitability, but can and do ultimately affect gene expression, as seen through the phosphorylation of CREB. A principal mechanism of neuronal mER action is through glutamate-independent transactivation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), which elicits multiple signaling outcomes. The interaction of mERs with mGluRs has been shown to be important in many diverse functions in females, including, but not limited to, reproduction and motivation. Here we review membrane-initiated estrogen receptor signaling in females, with a focus on the interactions between these mERs and mGluRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S. Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Caroline S. Johnson,
| | - Paul E Micevych
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Paul G. Mermelstein
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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31
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Adlanmerini M, Fontaine C, Gourdy P, Arnal JF, Lenfant F. Segregation of nuclear and membrane-initiated actions of estrogen receptor using genetically modified animals and pharmacological tools. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 539:111467. [PMID: 34626731 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, playing widespread functions in reproductive and non-reproductive tissues. Beside the canonical function of ERs as nuclear receptors, in this review, we summarize our current understanding of extra-nuclear, membrane-initiated functions of ERs with a specific focus on ERα. Over the last decade, in vivo evidence has accumulated to demonstrate the physiological relevance of this ERα membrane-initiated-signaling from mouse models to selective pharmacological tools. Finally, we discuss the perspectives and future challenges opened by the integration of extra-nuclear ERα signaling in physiology and pathology of estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Adlanmerini
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Coralie Fontaine
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Gourdy
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Lenfant
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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32
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Uzbekova S, Bertevello PS, Dalbies-Tran R, Elis S, Labas V, Monget P, Teixeira-Gomes AP. Metabolic exchanges between the oocyte and its environment: focus on lipids. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 34:1-26. [PMID: 35231385 DOI: 10.1071/rd21249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Finely regulated fatty acid (FA) metabolism within ovarian follicles is crucial to follicular development and influences the quality of the enclosed oocyte, which relies on the surrounding intra-follicular environment for its growth and maturation. A growing number of studies have examined the association between the lipid composition of follicular compartments and oocyte quality. In this review, we focus on lipids, their possible exchanges between compartments within the ovarian follicle and their involvement in different pathways during oocyte final growth and maturation. Lipidomics provides a detailed snapshot of the global lipid profiles and identified lipids, clearly discriminating the cells or fluid from follicles at distinct physiological stages. Follicular fluid appears as a main mediator of lipid exchanges between follicular somatic cells and the oocyte, through vesicle-mediated and non-vesicular transport of esterified and free FA. A variety of expression data allowed the identification of common and cell-type-specific actors of lipid metabolism in theca cells, granulosa cells, cumulus cells and oocytes, including key regulators of FA uptake, FA transport, lipid transformation, lipoprotein synthesis and protein palmitoylation. They act in harmony to accompany follicular development, and maintain intra-follicular homeostasis to allow the oocyte to accumulate energy and membrane lipids for subsequent meiotic divisions and first embryo cleavages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Uzbekova
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; and LK Ernst Federal Science Centre for Animal Husbandry, Podolsk, Russia
| | | | | | - Sebastien Elis
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Valerie Labas
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; and INRAE, Université de Tours, CHRU Tours, Plate-Forme PIXANIM, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Philippe Monget
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Ana-Paula Teixeira-Gomes
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; and INRAE, Université de Tours, CHRU Tours, Plate-Forme PIXANIM, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
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Acconcia F, Fiocchetti M, Busonero C, Fernandez VS, Montalesi E, Cipolletti M, Pallottini V, Marino M. The extra-nuclear interactome of the estrogen receptors: implications for physiological functions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 538:111452. [PMID: 34500041 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, a great body of evidence has defined a novel view of the cellular mechanism of action of the steroid hormone 17β-estradiol (E2) through its estrogen receptors (i.e., ERα and ERβ). It is now clear that the E2-activated ERs work both as transcription factors and extra-nuclear plasma membrane-localized receptors. The activation of a plethora of signal transduction cascades follows the E2-dependent engagement of plasma membrane-localized ERs and is required for the coordination of gene expression, which ultimately controls the occurrence of the pleiotropic effects of E2. The definition of the molecular mechanisms by which the ERs locate at the cell surface (i.e., palmitoylation and protein association) determined the quest for understanding the specificity of the extra-nuclear E2 signaling. The use of mice models lacking the plasma membrane ERα localization unveiled that the extra-nuclear E2 signaling is operational in vivo but tissue-specific. However, the underlying molecular details for such ERs signaling diversity in the perspective of the E2 physiological functions in the different cellular contexts are still not understood. Therefore, to gain insights into the tissue specificity of the extra-nuclear E2 signaling to physiological functions, here we reviewed the known ERs extra-nuclear interactors and tried to extrapolate from available databases the ERα and ERβ extra-nuclear interactomes. Based on literature data, it is possible to conclude that by specifically binding to extra-nuclear localized proteins in different sub-cellular compartments, the ERs fine-tune their molecular activities. Moreover, we report that the context-dependent diversity of the ERs-mediated extra-nuclear E2 actions can be ascribed to the great flexibility of the physical structures of ERs and the spatial-temporal organization of the logistics of the cells (i.e., the endocytic compartments). Finally, we provide lists of proteins belonging to the potential ERα and ERβ extra-nuclear interactomes and propose that the systematic experimental definition of the ERs extra-nuclear interactomes in different tissues represents the next step for the research in the ERs field. Such characterization will be fundamental for the identification of novel druggable targets for the innovative treatment of ERs-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Acconcia
- Department of Sciences, Section Biomedical Sciences, and Technology, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446, I-00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Fiocchetti
- Department of Sciences, Section Biomedical Sciences, and Technology, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446, I-00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Busonero
- Department of Sciences, Section Biomedical Sciences, and Technology, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446, I-00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Solar Fernandez
- Department of Sciences, Section Biomedical Sciences, and Technology, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446, I-00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Montalesi
- Department of Sciences, Section Biomedical Sciences, and Technology, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446, I-00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Cipolletti
- Department of Sciences, Section Biomedical Sciences, and Technology, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446, I-00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Pallottini
- Department of Sciences, Section Biomedical Sciences, and Technology, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446, I-00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Marino
- Department of Sciences, Section Biomedical Sciences, and Technology, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi, 446, I-00146, Rome, Italy.
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Thiebaut C, Vlaeminck-Guillem V, Trédan O, Poulard C, Le Romancer M. Non-genomic signaling of steroid receptors in cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 538:111453. [PMID: 34520815 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Steroid receptors (SRs) are members of the nuclear receptor family, which are ligand-activated transcription factors. SRs regulate many physiological functions including development and reproduction, though they can also be involved in several pathologies, especially cancer. Highly controlled cellular responses to steroids involve transcriptional regulation (genomic activity) combined with direct activation of signaling cascades (non-genomic activity). Non-genomic signaling has been extensively studied in cancer, mainly in breast cancer for ER and PR, and prostate cancer for AR. Even though most of the studies have been conducted in cells, some of them have been confirmed in vivo, highlighting the relevance of this pathway in cancer. This review provides an overview of the current and emerging knowledge on non-genomic signaling with a focus on breast and prostate cancers and its clinical relevance. A thorough understanding of ER, PR, AR and GR non-genomic pathways may open new perspectives for the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Thiebaut
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Virginie Vlaeminck-Guillem
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Service de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire Sud, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69495, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Olivier Trédan
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Medical Oncology Department, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Coralie Poulard
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Muriel Le Romancer
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France.
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35
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Tecalco-Cruz AC, Zepeda-Cervantes J, Ramírez-Jarquín JO, Rojas-Ochoa A. Proteolysis-targeting chimeras and their implications in breast cancer. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2021; 2:496-510. [PMID: 36046115 PMCID: PMC9400758 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2021.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous neoplasm of the mammary tissue, causing the deaths of a large number of women worldwide. Nearly 70% and 20% of BC cases are estrogen receptor alpha positive (ERα+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+), respectively; therefore, ER and HER2 targeted therapies have been employed in BC treatment. However, resistance to these therapies has been reported, indicating a need for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are new, promising therapeutic tools designed with a bimodular structure: one module allows specific binding to target proteins, and the other module allows efficient degradation of these target proteins. In this paper, PROTACs and their potential in controlling the progression of ERα and HER2+ BC are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C. Tecalco-Cruz
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), CDMX, Mexico City 03100, Mexico
| | - Jesús Zepeda-Cervantes
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), CDMX, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Josué O. Ramírez-Jarquín
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), CDMX, Mexico City 04500, Mexico
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Uzbekova S, Teixeira-Gomes AP, Marestaing A, Jarrier-Gaillard P, Papillier P, Shedova EN, Singina GN, Uzbekov R, Labas V. Protein Palmitoylation in Bovine Ovarian Follicle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111757. [PMID: 34769186 PMCID: PMC8583988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein palmitoylation is a reversible post-translational modification by fatty acids (FA), mainly a palmitate (C16:0). Palmitoylation allows protein shuttling between the plasma membrane and cytosol to regulate protein stability, sorting and signaling activity and its deficiency leads to diseases. We aimed to characterize the palmitoyl-proteome of ovarian follicular cells and molecular machinery regulating protein palmitoylation within the follicle. For the first time, 84 palmitoylated proteins were identified from bovine granulosa cells (GC), cumulus cells (CC) and oocytes by acyl-biotin exchange proteomics. Of these, 32 were transmembrane proteins and 27 proteins were detected in bovine follicular fluid extracellular vesicles (ffEVs). Expression of palmitoylation and depalmitoylation enzymes as palmitoyltransferases (ZDHHCs), acylthioesterases (LYPLA1 and LYPLA2) and palmitoylthioesterases (PPT1 and PPT2) were analysed using transcriptome and proteome data in oocytes, CC and GC. By immunofluorescence, ZDHHC16, PPT1, PPT2 and LYPLA2 proteins were localized in GC, CC and oocyte. In oocyte and CC, abundance of palmitoylation-related enzymes significantly varied during oocyte maturation. These variations and the involvement of identified palmitoyl-proteins in oxidation-reduction processes, energy metabolism, protein localization, vesicle-mediated transport, response to stress, G-protein mediated and other signaling pathways suggests that protein palmitoylation may play important roles in oocyte maturation and ffEV-mediated communications within the follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Uzbekova
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.M.); (P.J.-G.); (P.P.); (V.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-247-427-951
| | | | - Aurélie Marestaing
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.M.); (P.J.-G.); (P.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Peggy Jarrier-Gaillard
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.M.); (P.J.-G.); (P.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Pascal Papillier
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.M.); (P.J.-G.); (P.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Ekaterina N. Shedova
- L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitzy 60, 142132 Podolsk, Russia; (E.N.S.); (G.N.S.)
| | - Galina N. Singina
- L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitzy 60, 142132 Podolsk, Russia; (E.N.S.); (G.N.S.)
| | - Rustem Uzbekov
- Laboratoire Biologie Cellulaire et Microscopie Électronique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France;
| | - Valerie Labas
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.M.); (P.J.-G.); (P.P.); (V.L.)
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37
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Afrin S, El Sabeh M, Islam MS, Miyashita-Ishiwata M, Malik M, Catherino WH, Akimzhanov AM, Boehning D, Yang Q, Al-Hendy A, Segars JH, Borahay MA. Simvastatin modulates estrogen signaling in uterine leiomyoma via regulating receptor palmitoylation, trafficking and degradation. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105856. [PMID: 34461224 PMCID: PMC8455458 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas or fibroids are the most common tumors of the female reproductive tract. Estrogen (E2), a steroid-derived hormone, and its receptors (ERs), particularly ER-α, are important drivers for the development and growth of leiomyomas. We previously demonstrated that simvastatin, a drug used for hyperlipidemia, also possesses anti-leiomyoma properties. The aim of this work is to investigate the impact of simvastatin on ER-α signaling in leiomyoma cells, including its expression, downstream signaling, transcriptional activity, post-translational modification, trafficking and degradation. Primary and immortalized human uterine leiomyoma (HuLM) cells were used for in vitro experiments. Immunodeficient mice xenografted with human leiomyoma tissue explants were used for in vivo studies. Leiomyoma samples were obtained from patients enrolled in an ongoing double-blinded, phase II, randomized controlled trial. Here, we found that simvastatin significantly reduced E2-induced proliferation and PCNA expression. In addition, simvastatin reduced total ER-α expression in leiomyoma cells and altered its subcellular localization by inhibiting its trafficking to the plasma membrane and nucleus. Simvastatin also inhibited E2 downstream signaling, including ERK and AKT pathways, E2/ER transcriptional activity and E2-responsive genes. To explain simvastatin effects on ER-α level and trafficking, we examined its effects on ER-α post-translational processing. We noticed that simvastatin reduced ER-α palmitoylation; a required modification for its stability, trafficking to plasma membrane, and signaling. We also observed an increase in ubiquitin-mediated ER-α degradation. Importantly, we found that the effects of simvastatin on ER-α expression were recapitulated in the xenograft leiomyoma mouse model and human tissues. Thus, our data suggest that simvastatin modulates several E2/ER signaling targets with potential implications in leiomyoma therapy and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Afrin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Malak El Sabeh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Md Soriful Islam
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mariko Miyashita-Ishiwata
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Minnie Malik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - William H Catherino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Askar M Akimzhanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Darren Boehning
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, 401 Broadway, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - James H Segars
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mostafa A Borahay
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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38
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Fiocchetti M, Bastari G, Cipolletti M, Leone S, Acconcia F, Marino M. The Peculiar Estrogenicity of Diethyl Phthalate: Modulation of Estrogen Receptor α Activities in the Proliferation of Breast Cancer Cells. TOXICS 2021; 9:237. [PMID: 34678933 PMCID: PMC8538674 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates comprise a group of synthetic chemicals present in the environment because of their wide use as plasticizers and as additives in products for personal care. Among others, diethyl phthalate (DEP) is largely used in products for infants, children, and adults, in which its exposure has been correlated with an increased risk of breast cancer. The adverse health outcomes deriving from phthalate exposure have been associated with their activity as endocrine disruptors (EDCs) of the steroid and thyroid hormone signaling by affecting developmental and reproductive health, and even carcinogenicity. However, the estrogen disruptor activities of DEP are still controversial, and the mechanism at the root of the estrogenic-disrupting action of DEP remains to be clarified. Here, we evaluated the DEP mechanism of action on the activation status of estrogen receptor α (ERα) by analyzing the receptor's phosphorylation as well as both nuclear and extra-nuclear pathways triggered by the receptor to modulate the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Although DEP does not bind to ERα, our results suggest that this phthalate ester exerts multiple parallel interactions with ERα signaling and emphasize the importance to determine an appropriate battery of in vitro methods that will include specific molecular mechanisms involved in the endocrine disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fiocchetti
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi, 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (M.C.); (S.L.); (F.A.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Marino
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi, 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (M.C.); (S.L.); (F.A.)
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39
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Kerkenberg N, Wachsmuth L, Zhang M, Schettler C, Ponimaskin E, Faber C, Baune BT, Zhang W, Hohoff C. Brain microstructural changes in mice persist in adulthood and are modulated by the palmitoyl acyltransferase ZDHHC7. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:5951-5967. [PMID: 34355442 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For a long time, mice have been classified as adults with completely mature brains at 8 weeks of age, but recent research suggests that developmental brain changes occur for up to 6 months. In particular, adolescence coincides with dramatic changes of neuronal structure and function in the brain that influence the connectivity between areas like hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Neuronal development and plasticity are regulated in part by the palmitoyl acyltransferase ZDHHC7, which modulates structural connectivity between hippocampus and mPFC. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether developmental changes take place in hippocampus and mPFC microstructure even after 8 weeks of age and whether deficiency of ZDHHC7 impacts such age-dependent alterations. Altogether, 46 mice at 11, 14 or 17 weeks of age with a genetic Zdhhc7 knockout (KO) or wild type (WT) were analysed with neuroimaging and diffusion tensor-based fibre tractography. The hippocampus and mPFC regions were compared regarding fibre metrics, supplemented by volumetric and immunohistological analyses of the hippocampus. In WT animals, we identified age-dependent changes in hippocampal fibre lengths that followed a U-shaped pattern, whereas in mPFC, changes were linear. In Zdhhc7-deficient animals, the fibre statistics were reduced in both regions, whereas the hippocampus volume and the intensities of myelin and neurofilament were higher in 11-week-old KO mice compared to WTs. Our results confirmed ongoing changes of microstructure in mice up to 17 weeks old and demonstrate that deleting the Zdhhc7 gene impairs fibre development, suggesting that palmitoylation is important in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kerkenberg
- Department of Mental Health, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lydia Wachsmuth
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Department of Mental Health, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Evgeni Ponimaskin
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cornelius Faber
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Mental Health, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Department of Mental Health, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christa Hohoff
- Department of Mental Health, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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40
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Coronel Arrechea C, Giolito ML, García IA, Soria G, Valdez Taubas J. A novel yeast-based high-throughput method for the identification of protein palmitoylation inhibitors. Open Biol 2021; 11:200415. [PMID: 34343464 PMCID: PMC8331233 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein S-acylation or palmitoylation is a widespread post-translational modification that consists of the addition of a lipid molecule to cysteine residues of proteins through a thioester bond. Palmitoylation and palmitoyltransferases (PATs) have been linked to several types of cancers, diseases of the central nervous system and many infectious diseases where pathogens use the host cell machinery to palmitoylate their effectors. Despite the central importance of palmitoylation in cell physiology and disease, progress in the field has been hampered by the lack of potent-specific inhibitors of palmitoylation in general, and of individual PATs in particular. Herein, we present a yeast-based method for the high-throughput identification of small molecules that inhibit protein palmitoylation. The system is based on a reporter gene that responds to the acylation status of a palmitoylation substrate fused to a transcription factor. The method can be applied to heterologous PATs such as human DHHC20, mouse DHHC21 and also a PAT from the parasite Giardia lamblia. As a proof-of-principle, we screened for molecules that inhibit the palmitoylation of Yck2, a substrate of the yeast PAT Akr1. We tested 3200 compounds and were able to identify a candidate molecule, supporting the validity of our method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Coronel Arrechea
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC) CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Luz Giolito
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC) CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Iris Alejandra García
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gastón Soria
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Javier Valdez Taubas
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC) CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Córdoba, Argentina
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41
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Abstract
Steroid hormones bind receptors in the cell nucleus and in the cell membrane. The most widely studied class of steroid hormone receptors are the nuclear receptors, named for their function as ligand-dependent transcription factors in the cell nucleus. Nuclear receptors, such as estrogen receptor alpha, can also be anchored to the plasma membrane, where they respond to steroids by activating signaling pathways independent of their function as transcription factors. Steroids can also bind integral membrane proteins, such as the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor. Membrane estrogen and progestin receptors have been cloned and characterized in vitro and influence the development and function of many organ systems. Membrane androgen receptors were cloned and characterized in vitro, but their function as androgen receptors in vivo is unresolved. We review the identity and function of membrane proteins that bind estrogens, progestins, and androgens. We discuss evidence that membrane glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors exist, and whether glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid nuclear receptors act at the cell membrane. In many cases, integral membrane steroid receptors act independently of nuclear steroid receptors, even though they may share a ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey S Treviño
- Department of Population Sciences, Division of Health Equities, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Daniel A Gorelick
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: Daniel A Gorelick, PhD, One Baylor Plaza, Alkek Building N1317.07, Houston, TX, 77030-3411, USA.
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42
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Lakkaraju AKK, Frontzek K, Lemes E, Herrmann U, Losa M, Marpakwar R, Aguzzi A. Loss of PIKfyve drives the spongiform degeneration in prion diseases. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e14714. [PMID: 34291577 PMCID: PMC8518562 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain‐matter vacuolation is a defining trait of all prion diseases, yet its cause is unknown. Here, we report that prion infection and prion‐mimetic antibodies deplete the phosphoinositide kinase PIKfyve—which controls endolysosomal maturation—from mouse brains, cultured cells, organotypic brain slices, and brains of Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease victims. We found that PIKfyve is acylated by the acyltransferases zDHHC9 and zDHHC21, whose juxtavesicular topology is disturbed by prion infection, resulting in PIKfyve deacylation and rapid degradation, as well as endolysosomal hypertrophy and activation of TFEB‐dependent lysosomal enzymes. A protracted unfolded protein response (UPR), typical of prion diseases, also induced PIKfyve deacylation and degradation. Conversely, UPR antagonists restored PIKfyve levels in prion‐infected cells. Overexpression of zDHHC9 and zDHHC21, administration of the antiprion polythiophene LIN5044, or supplementation with the PIKfyve reaction product PI(3,5)P2 suppressed prion‐induced vacuolation and restored lysosomal homeostasis. Thus, PIKfyve emerges as a central mediator of vacuolation and neurotoxicity in prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karl Frontzek
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Emina Lemes
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Uli Herrmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Losa
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Zaręba-Kozioł M, Bartkowiak-Kaczmarek A, Roszkowska M, Bijata K, Figiel I, Halder AK, Kamińska P, Müller FE, Basu S, Zhang W, Ponimaskin E, Włodarczyk J. S-Palmitoylation of Synaptic Proteins as a Novel Mechanism Underlying Sex-Dependent Differences in Neuronal Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126253. [PMID: 34200797 PMCID: PMC8230572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although sex differences in the brain are prevalent, the knowledge about mechanisms underlying sex-related effects on normal and pathological brain functioning is rather poor. It is known that female and male brains differ in size and connectivity. Moreover, those differences are related to neuronal morphology, synaptic plasticity, and molecular signaling pathways. Among different processes assuring proper synapse functions are posttranslational modifications, and among them, S-palmitoylation (S-PALM) emerges as a crucial mechanism regulating synaptic integrity. Protein S-PALM is governed by a family of palmitoyl acyltransferases, also known as DHHC proteins. Here we focused on the sex-related functional importance of DHHC7 acyltransferase because of its S-PALM action over different synaptic proteins as well as sex steroid receptors. Using the mass spectrometry-based PANIMoni method, we identified sex-dependent differences in the S-PALM of synaptic proteins potentially involved in the regulation of membrane excitability and synaptic transmission as well as in the signaling of proteins involved in the structural plasticity of dendritic spines. To determine a mechanistic source for obtained sex-dependent changes in protein S-PALM, we analyzed synaptoneurosomes isolated from DHHC7-/- (DHHC7KO) female and male mice. Our data showed sex-dependent action of DHHC7 acyltransferase. Furthermore, we revealed that different S-PALM proteins control the same biological processes in male and female synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Zaręba-Kozioł
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.R.); (K.B.); (I.F.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.Z.-K.); (J.W.)
| | - Anna Bartkowiak-Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.R.); (K.B.); (I.F.); (P.K.)
| | - Matylda Roszkowska
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.R.); (K.B.); (I.F.); (P.K.)
| | - Krystian Bijata
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.R.); (K.B.); (I.F.); (P.K.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Figiel
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.R.); (K.B.); (I.F.); (P.K.)
| | - Anup Kumar Halder
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadvapur University, Kolkata 700032, India; (A.K.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Paulina Kamińska
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.R.); (K.B.); (I.F.); (P.K.)
| | - Franziska E. Müller
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.E.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Subhadip Basu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadvapur University, Kolkata 700032, India; (A.K.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Department of Mental Health, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1/A9, 48149 Munster, Germany;
| | - Evgeni Ponimaskin
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.E.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Jakub Włodarczyk
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.R.); (K.B.); (I.F.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.Z.-K.); (J.W.)
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44
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Loveland JL, Lank DB, Küpper C. Gene Expression Modification by an Autosomal Inversion Associated With Three Male Mating Morphs. Front Genet 2021; 12:641620. [PMID: 34149796 PMCID: PMC8213371 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.641620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal inversions are structural rearrangements that frequently provide genomic substrate for phenotypic diversity. In the ruff Philomachus pugnax, three distinct male reproductive morphs (Independents, Satellites and Faeders) are genetically determined by a 4.5 Mb autosomal inversion. Here we test how this stable inversion polymorphism affects gene expression in males during the lekking season. Gene expression may be altered through disruptions at the breakpoints and the accumulation of mutations due to suppressed recombination. We used quantitative PCR to measure expression of 11 candidate inversion genes across three different tissues (liver, adrenal glands and gonads) and tested for allelic imbalance in four inversion genes across 12 males of all three morphs (8 Independents, 2 Satellites, 2 Faeders). We quantified transcripts of CENPN, an essential gene disrupted by the inversion at the proximal breakpoint, at different exons distributed near and across the breakpoint region. Consistent with dosage dependent gene expression for the breakpoint gene CENPN, we found that expression in Independents was broadly similar for transcripts segments from inside and outside the inversion regions, whereas for Satellites and Faeders, transcript segments outside of the inversion showed at least twofold higher expression than those spanning over the breakpoint. Within the inversion, observed expression differences for inversion males across all four genes with allele-specific primers were consistent with allelic imbalance. We further analyzed gonadal expression of two inversion genes, HSD17B2 and SDR42E1, along with 12 non-inversion genes related to steroid metabolism and signaling in 25 males (13 Independents, 7 Satellites, 5 Faeders). Although we did not find clear morph differentiation for many individual genes, all three morphs could be separated based on gene expression differences when using linear discriminant analysis (LDA), regardless of genomic location (i.e., inside or outside of the inversion). This was robust to the removal of genes with the highest loadings. Pairwise correlations in the expression of genes showed significant correlations for 9–18 pairs of genes within morphs. However, between morphs, we only found a single association between genes SDR42E1 and AROM for Independents and Satellites. Our results suggest complex and wide-ranging changes in gene expression caused by structural variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine L Loveland
- Research Group for Behavioural Genetics and Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - David B Lank
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Clemens Küpper
- Research Group for Behavioural Genetics and Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
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Kerkenberg N, Hohoff C, Zhang M, Lang I, Schettler C, Ponimaskin E, Wachsmuth L, Faber C, Baune BT, Zhang W. Acute stress reveals different impacts in male and female Zdhhc7-deficient mice. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:1613-1626. [PMID: 33880616 PMCID: PMC8096773 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Numerous processes of neuronal development and synaptic plasticity in the brain rely on the palmitoyl acyltransferase ZDHHC7, as it palmitoylates various synaptic and extrasynaptic proteins such as neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptors. In addition, ZDHHC7 palmitoylates sex steroid hormone receptors and is, therefore, indirectly linked to mental disorders that often occur because of or in conjunction with stress. In this work, we investigated how ZDHHC7 affects stress responses in mice. For this purpose, genetically modified mice with a knockout of the Zdhhc7 gene (KO) and wild-type (WT) littermates of both sexes were exposed to acute stressors or control conditions and examined with regard to their behavior, brain microstructure, gene expression, and synaptic plasticity. While no behavioral effects of acute stress were found, we did find that acute stress caused reduced mRNA levels of Esr1 and Esr2 coding for estrogen receptor α and β in the medial prefrontal cortex of male WT and KO mice. Strikingly, after acute stress only male KO mice showed reduced mean fiber lengths of the medioventral hippocampus. Furthermore, Zdhhc7-deficiency impaired synaptic plasticity in mice of both sexes, while acute stress improved it in females, but not in male mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that ZDHHC7 plays a modulatory role in the brain that leads to sex-specific stress responses, possibly due to estrogen receptor-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kerkenberg
- Department of Mental Health, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Christa Hohoff
- Department of Mental Health, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Department of Mental Health, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ilona Lang
- Department of Mental Health, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Evgeni Ponimaskin
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lydia Wachsmuth
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Cornelius Faber
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Mental Health, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Department of Mental Health, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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46
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Qu M, Zhao Y, Qing X, Zhang X, Li H. Androgen-dependent miR-125a-5p targets LYPLA1 and regulates global protein palmitoylation level in late-onset hypogonadism males. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:4738-4749. [PMID: 33284463 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) is defined as a clinical and biochemical syndrome with multiple symptoms caused by testosterone deficiency in aging males. An in-depth exploration of the molecular mechanism underlying LOH development is insufficient. We previously identified miR-125a-5p as a dysregulated microRNA in LOH patients and potential diagnostic biomarker for LOH. The present study demonstrated that plasma miR-125a-5p was upregulated after testosterone supplementation in both LOH patients and castrated mice, and positively associated with the testosterone concentrations, suggesting direct regulation of miR-125a-5p expression by testosterone. Androgen response element in the promoter of miR-125a-5p was subsequently identified. Target gene screening and confirmation verified that LYPLA1, encoding acyl-protein thioesterase 1 which catalyzed protein depalmitoylation process, was a target gene of miR-125a-5p. Furthermore, in cells cultured with testosterone deprivation and organs from castrated mice, testosterone deficiency led to decreased global protein palmitoylation level. In aging males, global protein palmitoylation in peripheral blood showed a notable decline in LOH patients contrast to the normal elderly males. And the palmitoylation level was positively correlative with serum testosterone concentrations. Our results suggested that testosterone could regulate global palmitoylation level through miR-125a-5p/LYPLA1 signaling pathway. Given that protein palmitoylation is pivotal for protein function and constitutes the pathogenesis of various diseases, testosterone/miR-125a-5p/LYPLA1 may contribute to the molecular mechanism underlying multiple symptoms caused by testosterone deficiency in LOH patients, and aberrant global palmitoylation could be a potential biomarker for LOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Qu
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunhan Zhao
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingrong Qing
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinzong Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honggang Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, China
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47
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Fhu CW, Ali A. Protein Lipidation by Palmitoylation and Myristoylation in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:673647. [PMID: 34095144 PMCID: PMC8173174 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.673647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modification of proteins with lipid moieties is known as protein lipidation. The attachment of a lipid molecule to proteins endows distinct properties, which affect their hydrophobicity, structural stability, localization, trafficking between membrane compartments, and influences its interaction with effectors. Lipids or lipid metabolites can serve as substrates for lipidation, and the availability of these lipid substrates are tightly regulated by cellular metabolism. Palmitoylation and myristoylation represent the two most common protein lipid modifications, and dysregulation of protein lipidation is strongly linked to various diseases such as metabolic syndromes and cancers. In this review, we present recent developments in our understanding on the roles of palmitoylation and myristoylation, and their significance in modulating cancer metabolism toward cancer initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Wai Fhu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Azhar Ali
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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48
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Quigley JA, Logsdon MK, Turner CA, Gonzalez IL, Leonardo NB, Becker JB. Sex differences in vulnerability to addiction. Neuropharmacology 2021; 187:108491. [PMID: 33567305 PMCID: PMC7979496 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews evidence for sex differences in vulnerability to addiction with an emphasis on the neural mechanisms underlying these differences. Sex differences in the way that the gonadal hormone, estradiol, interacts with the ascending telencephalic dopamine system results in sex differences in motivated behaviors, including drug-seeking. In rodents, repeated psychostimulant exposure enhances incentive sensitization to a greater extent in females than males. Estradiol increases females' motivation to attain psychostimulants and enhances the value of drug related cues, which ultimately increases their susceptibility towards spontaneous relapse. This, along with females' dampened ability to alter decisions regarding risky behaviors, enhances their vulnerability for escalation of drug use. In males, recent evidence suggests that estradiol may be protective against susceptibility towards drug-preference. Sex differences in the actions of estradiol are reviewed to provide a foundation for understanding how future research might enhance understanding of the mechanisms of sex differences in addiction-related behaviors, which are dependent on estradiol receptor (ER) subtype and the region of the brain they are acting in. A comprehensive review of the distribution of ERα, ERβ, and GPER1 throughout the rodent brain are provided along with a discussion of the possible ways in which these patterns differentially regulate drug-taking between the sexes. The article concludes with a brief discussion of the actions of gonadal hormones on the circuitry of the stress system, including the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis and regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor. Sex differences in the stress system can also contribute to females' enhanced vulnerability towards addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A Quigley
- Psychology Department, Ann Arbor MI, 48109 USA; Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, 48109 USA
| | - Molly K Logsdon
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, 48109 USA
| | - Christopher A Turner
- Psychology Department, Ann Arbor MI, 48109 USA; Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, 48109 USA
| | - Ivette L Gonzalez
- Psychology Department, Ann Arbor MI, 48109 USA; Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, 48109 USA
| | - N B Leonardo
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, 48109 USA
| | - Jill B Becker
- Psychology Department, Ann Arbor MI, 48109 USA; Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, 48109 USA.
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49
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Saha S, Dey S, Nath S. Steroid Hormone Receptors: Links With Cell Cycle Machinery and Breast Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:620214. [PMID: 33777765 PMCID: PMC7994514 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.620214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression of cells through cell cycle consists of a series of events orchestrated in a regulated fashion. Such processes are influenced by cell cycle regulated expression of various proteins where multiple families of transcription factors take integral parts. Among these, the steroid hormone receptors (SHRs) represent a connection between the external hormone milieu and genes that control cellular proliferation. Therefore, understanding the molecular connection between the transcriptional role of steroid hormone receptors and cell cycle deserves importance in dissecting cellular proliferation in normal as well as malignant conditions. Deregulation of cell cycle promotes malignancies of various origins, including breast cancer. Indeed, SHR members play crucial role in breast cancer progression as well as management. This review focuses on SHR-driven cell cycle regulation and moving forward, attempts to discuss the role of SHR-driven crosstalk between cell cycle anomalies and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryendu Saha
- Department of Basic and Translational Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Samya Dey
- Department of Basic and Translational Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Somsubhra Nath
- Department of Basic and Translational Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, India
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50
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Cooke PS, Mesa AM, Sirohi VK, Levin ER. Role of nuclear and membrane estrogen signaling pathways in the male and female reproductive tract. Differentiation 2020; 118:24-33. [PMID: 33339644 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen signaling through the main estrogen receptor, estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1; also known as ERα), is essential for normal female and male reproductive function. Historically, studies of estrogen action have focused on the classical genomic pathway. Although this is clearly the major pathway for steroid hormone actions, these hormones also signal through rapid non-classical effects involving cell membrane actions. Reports of rapid effects of estrogens extend for more than half a century, but recent results have expanded understanding of the identity, structure, function and overall importance of membrane receptors in estrogen responses. Key findings in this field were the immunohistochemical detection of ESR1 in cell membranes and demonstration that a portion of newly synthesized ESR1 is routed to the membrane by palmitoylation. These receptors in the membrane can then signal through protein kinases and other mechanisms following ligand binding to alter cell function. Another crucial advance in the field was development of transgenic mice expressing normal amounts of functional nuclear ESR1 (nESR1) but lacking membrane ESR1 (mESR1). Both male and female transgenic mice lacking mESR1 were infertile as adults, and both sexes had extensive reproductive abnormalities. Transgenic mice lacking mESR1 were highly protected from deleterious effects of neonatal estrogen administration, and estrogen effects on the histone methyltransferase Enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 that are mediated through mESR1 could have significant effects on epigenetic imprinting. In summary, signaling through mESR1 is essential for normal male and female reproductive function and fertility, and is a critical enabler of normal estrogen responses in vivo. Although the precise role of mESR1 in estrogen responses remains to be established, future research in this area should clarify its mechanism of action and lead to a better understanding of how mESR1 signaling works with classical genomic signaling through nESR1 to promote full estrogenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Cooke
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Ana M Mesa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Vijay K Sirohi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Ellis R Levin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 90822, USA
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