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Vega-Rivera NM, González-Trujano ME, Luna-Angula A, Sánchez-Chapul L, Estrada-Camarena E. Antidepressant-like effects of the Punica granatum and citalopram combination are associated with structural changes in dendritic spines of granule cells in the dentate gyrus of rats. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1211663. [PMID: 37900157 PMCID: PMC10613096 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1211663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Natural products such as phytoestrogens-enriched foods or supplements have been considered as an alternative therapy to reduce depressive symptoms associated with menopause. It is known that the aqueous extract of Punica granatum (AE-PG) exerts antidepressant-like effects by activating β-estrogen receptors and facilitates the antidepressant response of the clinical drug citalopram (CIT). However, the effects on neuroplasticity are unknown. Objectvie investigated the antidepressant-like response of combining AE-PG and CIT at sub-optimal doses, analyzing their effects on the formation and maturation of dendrite spines in granule cells as well as on the dendrite complexity. Methods: Ovariectomized Wistar rats (3-month-old) were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: A) control (saline solution as vehicle of CIT and AE-PG, B) AE-PG at a sub-threshold dose (vehicle of CIT plus AE-PG at 0.125 mg/kg), C) CIT at a sub-threshold dose (0.77 mg/kg plus vehicle of AE-PG), and D) a combination of CIT plus AE-PG (0.125 mg/kg and 0.77 mg/kg, respectively). All rats were treated intraperitoneally for 14 days. Antidepressant-like effects were evaluated using the force swimming test test (FST). The complexity of dendrites and the number and morphology of dendrite spines of neurons were assessed in the dentate gyrus after Golgi-Cox impregnation. The expressions of the mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) in plasma and of mBDNF and synaptophysin in the hippocampus, as markers of synaptogenesis, were also determined. Results: Administration of CIT combined with AE-PG, but not alone, induced a significant antidepressant-like effect in the FST with an increase in the dendritic complexity and the number of dendritic spines in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, revealed by the thin and stubby categories of neurons at the granular cell layer. At the same time, an increase of mBDNF and synaptophysin expression was observed in the hippocampus of rats that received the combination of AE-PG and CIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly-Maritza Vega-Rivera
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alexandra Luna-Angula
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Neuromusculares, División de Neurociencias Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Sánchez-Chapul
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Neuromusculares, División de Neurociencias Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erika Estrada-Camarena
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Mexico City, Mexico
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Shaban NZ, Awad OM, Fouad GM, Hafez AM, Abdul-Aziz AA, El-Kot SM. Prophylactic and curative effects of Carica papaya Linn. pulp extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in male rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:27815-27832. [PMID: 36396758 PMCID: PMC9995559 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Several chemicals and medications induce cellular damage in various organs of the body by activating reactive substances' metabolism leading to various pathological conditions including liver disease. In this study, we evaluated the prophylactic and curative effects of Carica papaya Linn. pulp water extract (PE) against CCl4-induced rat hepatotoxicity. Five groups of rats were created, control, PE, CCl4, (PE-CCl4): The rats were administered with PE pre and during CCl4 injection, and (PE-CCl4-PE): The rats were administered with PE pre, during, and after CCl4. The markers of oxidative stress ("OS": oxidant and antioxidants), inflammation [nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6], fibrosis [transforming growth factor-β], and apoptosis [tumor suppressor gene (p53)] were evaluated. Additionally, liver functions, liver histology, and kidney functions were measured. Also, PE characterization was studied. The results showed that PE, in vitro, has a high antioxidant capacity because of the existence of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and minerals. Otherwise, the PE administration [groups (PE-CCl4) and (PE-CCl4-PE)] exhibited its prophylactic and therapeutic role versus the hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 where PE treatment improved liver functions, liver histopathology, and renal functions by decreasing oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis induced by CCl4. Our study elucidated that PE contains high amounts of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and ascorbic acid. So, PE exerted significant prophylactic and curative effects against hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4. These were done by enhancing the markers of antioxidants and drug-metabolizing enzymes with reductions in lipid peroxidation, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis. PE administration for healthful rats for 12 weeks had no negative impacts. Consequently, PE is a promising agent for the prohibition and therapy of the toxicity caused by xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Zaki Shaban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21568, Egypt.
| | - Olfat M Awad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21568, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Fouad
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21563, Egypt
| | - Afaf M Hafez
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Alaa Abdul-Aziz
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21563, Egypt
| | - Sarah M El-Kot
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21568, Egypt
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Wang X, Chan YS, Wong K, Yoshitake R, Sadava D, Synold TW, Frankel P, Twardowski PW, Lau C, Chen S. Mechanism-Driven and Clinically Focused Development of Botanical Foods as Multitarget Anticancer Medicine: Collective Perspectives and Insights from Preclinical Studies, IND Applications and Early-Phase Clinical Trials. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:701. [PMID: 36765659 PMCID: PMC9913787 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression and mortality remain challenging because of current obstacles and limitations in cancer treatment. Continuous efforts are being made to explore complementary and alternative approaches to alleviate the suffering of cancer patients. Epidemiological and nutritional studies have indicated that consuming botanical foods is linked to a lower risk of cancer incidence and/or improved cancer prognosis after diagnosis. From these observations, a variety of preclinical and clinical studies have been carried out to evaluate the potential of botanical food products as anticancer medicines. Unfortunately, many investigations have been poorly designed, and encouraging preclinical results have not been translated into clinical success. Botanical products contain a wide variety of chemicals, making them more difficult to study than traditional drugs. In this review, with the consideration of the regulatory framework of the USFDA, we share our collective experiences and lessons learned from 20 years of defining anticancer foods, focusing on the critical aspects of preclinical studies that are required for an IND application, as well as the checkpoints needed for early-phase clinical trials. We recommend a developmental pipeline that is based on mechanisms and clinical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yin S. Chan
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kelly Wong
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ryohei Yoshitake
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David Sadava
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Timothy W. Synold
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Paul Frankel
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Przemyslaw W. Twardowski
- Department of Urologic Oncology, Saint John’s Cancer Institute, 2200 Santa Monica Blvd, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Clayton Lau
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Shiuan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Dhruve P, Nauman M, Kale RK, Singh RP. A novel hepatoprotective activity of Alangium salviifolium in mouse model. Drug Chem Toxicol 2022; 45:576-588. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1733593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Dhruve
- Radiation and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Nauman
- Radiation and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Raosaheb K. Kale
- Radiation and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rana P. Singh
- Radiation and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Auxtero MD, Chalante S, Abade MR, Jorge R, Fernandes AI. Potential Herb-Drug Interactions in the Management of Age-Related Cognitive Dysfunction. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:124. [PMID: 33478035 PMCID: PMC7835864 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-life mild cognitive impairment and dementia represent a significant burden on healthcare systems and a unique challenge to medicine due to the currently limited treatment options. Plant phytochemicals have been considered in alternative, or complementary, prevention and treatment strategies. Herbals are consumed as such, or as food supplements, whose consumption has recently increased. However, these products are not exempt from adverse effects and pharmacological interactions, presenting a special risk in aged, polymedicated individuals. Understanding pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions is warranted to avoid undesirable adverse drug reactions, which may result in unwanted side-effects or therapeutic failure. The present study reviews the potential interactions between selected bioactive compounds (170) used by seniors for cognitive enhancement and representative drugs of 10 pharmacotherapeutic classes commonly prescribed to the middle-aged adults, often multimorbid and polymedicated, to anticipate and prevent risks arising from their co-administration. A literature review was conducted to identify mutual targets affected (inhibition/induction/substrate), the frequency of which was taken as a measure of potential interaction. Although a limited number of drugs were studied, from this work, interaction with other drugs affecting the same targets may be anticipated and prevented, constituting a valuable tool for healthcare professionals in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D. Auxtero
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Susana Chalante
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Mário R. Abade
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Rui Jorge
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
- Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, School of Agriculture, Quinta do Galinheiro, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
- CIEQV, Life Quality Research Centre, IPSantarém/IPLeiria, Avenida Dr. Mário Soares, 110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Ana I. Fernandes
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
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Gu Y, Hou W, Shen XY, Zhuo SX, Zhang HR, Ji MH, Chen MJ, Guo YY. CYP2C9, a Metabolic CYP450s Enzyme, Plays Critical Roles in Activating Ellagic Acid in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e923104. [PMID: 32453717 PMCID: PMC7271682 DOI: 10.12659/msm.923104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The metabolic processing of ellagic acid (EA) by cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) expressed in the intestines is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CYP450s that are highly expressed in HIEC cells on metabolic activity of EA. Material/Methods HIEC cell models expressing 2B6, 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4 were generated by stably transfecting with CYP450 genes using a lentivirus system. PCR and Western blot assay were used to detect expression of CYP450s. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to examine the cytotoxic effect of EA on CYP450s-expressing HIEC cells. Flow cytometry was employed to evaluate apoptosis of CYP450s-expressing HIEC cells after addition of EA. Metabolic clearance rate of EA in vitro by the constructed HIEC cell models was measured using UPLC-MS method. Results CYP450s expression HIEC cell models, including CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4, were successfully established. EA treatment at different concentrations (10 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL) remarkably decreased cell viability of HIEC cells expressing CYP2C9 compared to the untreated control (p<0.01), in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. Expression of CYP2C9 significantly increased the apoptosis rate of HIEC cells treated with EA compared to that in HIEC cells without any CYP450s expression (p<0.01). The clearance rate of EA in CYP2B6-expressing (p<0.05) and CYP2C9-expressing (p<0.001) HIEC cell models was remarkably reduced after 120 min. Conclusions Ellagic acid was effectively activated by CYP2C9 in HIEC cells and caused cytotoxicity and apoptosis of HIEC cells. Therefore, CYP2C9 is main metabolic enzyme of EA when compared to other CYP450 HIEC cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Hou
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xin-Yu Shen
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Shi-Xuan Zhuo
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Hao-Ran Zhang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ming-Hui Ji
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Mei-Juan Chen
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yuan-Yuan Guo
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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Goyal Y, Koul A, Ranawat P. Ellagic acid ameliorates cisplatin induced hepatotoxicity in colon carcinogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:804-813. [PMID: 30953405 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The clinical application of cisplatin (CP), one of the most extensively used antineoplastic drug, is restricted by its numerous side effects. CP's antitumor potential resides in the free generation of reactive oxygen species leading to oxidative stress. This stress is a source of the side effects associated with its use. Ellagic acid (EA), a polyphenol is known to possess multiple health benefits owing to its antioxidant properties. EA is largely metabolized by the colon microbiota of different mammals and therefore was a polyphenol of choice in the present study. The present study was thus carried out to explore the protective potential of EA on CP induced hepatotoxicity in colon tumor bearing mice. The administration of EA (10 mg/kg bwt po daily for 6 weeks) significantly ameliorated the toxicity caused by CP (5 mg/kg bwt ip once a week for 4 weeks). Activities of liver marker enzymes and lactate dehydrogenase were brought back to normal. EA cotreatment also led to a marked reduction in the extent of peroxidative damage to liver tissue as was evident from the improvement in the histopathological changes observed and FT-IR analysis. The present study, therefore, suggests that the administration of EA reduces the CP-induced hepatotoxicity, thereby emerging out as a potential candidate for chemopreventive action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Goyal
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashwani Koul
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pavitra Ranawat
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Effectiveness and therapeutic value of phytochemicals in acute pancreatitis: A review. Pancreatology 2019; 19:481-487. [PMID: 31079933 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disorder of the pancreas that can lead to local and systemic complications. Repeated attacks of AP can lead to chronic pancreatitis, which markedly increases the probability of developing pancreatic cancer. Although many researchers have attempted to identify the pathogenesis involved in the initiation and aggravation of AP, the disease is still not fully understood, and effective treatment is limited to supportive therapy. METHODS We aim to summarize available literature focused on phytochemicals (berberine, chlorogenic acid, curcumin, emblica officinalis, ellagic acid, cinnamtannin B-1, resveratrol, piperine and lycopene) and discuss their effectiveness and therapeutic value for improving AP. RESULTS This study is based on pertinent papers that were retrieved by a selective search using relevant keywords in PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. CONCLUSIONS Many phytochemicals hold potential in improving AP symptoms and may be a valuable and effective addition to standard treatment of AP. It has already been proven that the crucial factor for reducing the severity of AP is stimulation of apoptosis along with/or inhibition of necrosis. Supplementation of phytochemicals, which target the balance between apoptosis and necrosis can be recommended in ongoing clinical studies.
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Husain H, Latief U, Ahmad R. Pomegranate action in curbing the incidence of liver injury triggered by Diethylnitrosamine by declining oxidative stress via Nrf2 and NFκB regulation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8606. [PMID: 29872102 PMCID: PMC5988808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Unearthing and employment of healthy substitutes is now in demand to tackle a number of diseases due to the excessive repercussions of synthetic drugs. In this frame of reference pomegranate juice (PGJ) is a boon comprising of anthocyanins and hydrolysable tannins, known for its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Despite various documented roles of PGJ, there are no studies on antifibrotic potential in NDEA-induced mammalian liver fibrotic model. Hepatic fibrosis in rats was induced by the intra-peritoneal injection of NDEA (10 mlkg-1b.wt. of 1% NDEA) in two weeks. Biochemical, histopathological and ultra-structural studies were carried out on control, fibrotic and treated rats. The liver function indices and LPO were increased significantly by intoxication of NDEA. The antioxidant status was disturbed with the decrease in SOD, GST and catalase in the liver and membrane-ATPases as well. Histopathological observations by H&E, M&T, picro-sirius and ultra-structural scrutiny by SEM and TEM indicated liver damage and increase in COX2 and α-SMA by NDEA which was successfully rectified by the supplementation of PGJ. PGJ abrogates liver fibrosis instigated by NDEA in Wistar rats by declining oxidative stress via regulation of Nrf2 and NFκB. These findings point towards pomegranate as a potential and efficacious therapeutic agent against liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiya Husain
- Biochemical and Clinical Genetics Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Uzma Latief
- Biochemical and Clinical Genetics Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- Biochemical and Clinical Genetics Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Bhattacharya S, Mondal L, Mukherjee B, Dutta L, Ehsan I, Debnath MC, Gaonkar RH, Pal MM, Majumdar S. Apigenin loaded nanoparticle delayed development of hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:1905-1917. [PMID: 29802937 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major causes of cancer related death globally. Apigenin, a dietary flavonoid, possesses anti-tumor activity against HCC cells in-vitro. Development, physicochemical characterization of apigenin loaded nanoparticles (ApNp), biodistribution pattern and pharmacokinetic parameters of apigenin upon intravenous administration of ApNp, and effect of ApNp treatment in rats with HCC were investigated. Apigenin loaded nanoparticles had a sustained drug release pattern and successfully reached the hepatic cancer cells in-vitro as well as in liver of carcinogenic animals. ApNp predominantly delayed the progress of HCC in chemical induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Quantification of apigenin by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) showed that apigenin availability significantly increased in blood and liver upon ApNp treatment. Apigenin loaded nanoparticle delivery substantially controlled the severity of hepatocellular carcinoma and could be a future hope for lingering the survival in hepatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchari Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Laboni Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswajit Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
| | - Lopamudra Dutta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Iman Ehsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mita C Debnath
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Raghuvir H Gaonkar
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Murari M Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subrata Majumdar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Valdés-Sustaita B, López-Rubalcava C, González-Trujano ME, García-Viguera C, Estrada-Camarena E. Aqueous Extract of Pomegranate Alone or in Combination with Citalopram Produces Antidepressant-Like Effects in an Animal Model of Menopause: Participation of Estrogen Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2643. [PMID: 29257042 PMCID: PMC5751246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that the aqueous extract of pomegranate (AE-PG) has polyphenols with estrogenic-like activities. The present work determines if AE-PG alone or in combination with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, citalopram, has antidepressant-like effects. It was also analyzed the participation of estrogen receptors (ER). AE-PG (0.1, 1.0, 10, or 100 mg/kg) was evaluated in ovariectomized female Wistar rats subjected to the forced swimming test. The effects induced by AE-PG were compared with those of citalopram (2.5, 5.0, 10, and 20.0 mg/kg) and 17β-estradiol (E2; 2.5 5.0, and 10 μg/rat). Likewise, the combination of suboptimal doses of AE-PG (0.1 mg/kg) plus citalopram (2.5 mg/kg) was evaluated. To determine if ER participates in the antidepressant-like action of pomegranate, the estrogen antagonist tamoxifen (15 mg/kg) was administered with AE-PG (1 mg/kg). AE-PG produced antidepressant-like actions with a similar behavioral profile induced by citalopram and E2. Suboptimal doses of citalopram plus AE-PG produced antidepressant-like effects. Tamoxifen was able to block AE-PG's antidepressant-like actions. These results confirm the participation of ER in AE-PG's antidepressant-like effects. Furthermore, the additive effects observed with the combined treatment of AE-PG plus citalopram could be advantageous in the treatment of depressive disorders, such as menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Valdés-Sustaita
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City C.P.14330, Mexico.
| | - Carolina López-Rubalcava
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City C.P.14330, Mexico.
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente," Mexico City C.P.14370, Mexico.
| | | | - Erika Estrada-Camarena
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente," Mexico City C.P.14370, Mexico.
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Campbell TF, McKenzie J, Murray J, Delgoda R, Bowen-Forbes CS. Rubus rosifolius varieties as antioxidant and potential chemopreventive agents. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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13
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Bishayee A, Haskell Y, Do C, Siveen KS, Mohandas N, Sethi G, Stoner GD. Potential Benefits of Edible Berries in the Management of Aerodigestive and Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:1753-75. [PMID: 25781639 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.982243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological reports as well as experimental studies have demonstrated the significant health benefits provided by regular berry consumption. Berries possess both prophylactic and therapeutic potential against several chronic illnesses, such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and neoplastic diseases. Berries owe their health benefits to phytoconstituents, such as polyphenolic anthocyanins, ellagic acid, and a diverse array of phytochemicals bestowed with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects as well as the ability to engage a multitude of signaling pathways. This review highlights the principal chemical constituents present in berries and their primary molecular targets. The article presents and critically analyzes the chemopreventive and therapeutic potential of berry extracts, fractions, and bioactive components on various cancers of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), including esophageal, stomach, intestinal, and colorectal cancers as well as cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, such as oral cancer. The current status of clinical studies evaluating berry products in several aforementioned cancers is presented. Various emerging issues including dose-ranging and dosage forms, the role of synergy and the usage of combination therapy as well as other relevant areas essential for the development of berry phytoconstituents as mainstream chemopreventive and therapeutic agents against aerodigestive and GIT cancers are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Bishayee
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute , Miami , Florida USA
| | - Yennie Haskell
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University , Rootstown , Ohio USA
| | - Chau Do
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University , Rootstown , Ohio USA
| | - Kodappully Sivaraman Siveen
- c Department of Pharmacology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Nima Mohandas
- d School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University , Western Australia , Australia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- c Department of Pharmacology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore.,d School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University , Western Australia , Australia
| | - Gary D Stoner
- e Division of Hematology and Oncology , Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin USA
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Tang C, Hoo PCX, Tan LTH, Pusparajah P, Khan TM, Lee LH, Goh BH, Chan KG. Golden Needle Mushroom: A Culinary Medicine with Evidenced-Based Biological Activities and Health Promoting Properties. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:474. [PMID: 28003804 PMCID: PMC5141589 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flammulina velutipes (enoki, velvet shank, golden needle mushroom or winter mushroom), one of the main edible mushrooms on the market, has long been recognized for its nutritional value and delicious taste. In recent decades, research has expanded beyond detailing its nutritional composition and delved into the biological activities and potential health benefits of its constituents. Many bioactive constituents from a range of families have been isolated from different parts of the mushroom, including carbohydrates, protein, lipids, glycoproteins, phenols, and sesquiterpenes. These compounds have been demonstrated to exhibit various biological activities, such as antitumour and anticancer activities, anti-atherosclerotic and thrombosis inhibition activity, antihypertensive and cholesterol lowering effects, anti-aging and antioxidant properties, ability to aid with restoring memory and overcoming learning deficits, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-bacterial, ribosome inactivation and melanosis inhibition. This review aims to consolidate the information concerning the phytochemistry and biological activities of various compounds isolated from F. velutipes to demonstrate that this mushroom is not only a great source of nutrients but also possesses tremendous potential in pharmaceutical drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calyn Tang
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Pearl Ching-Xin Hoo
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Loh Teng-Hern Tan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Priyia Pusparajah
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Tahir Mehmood Khan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University PeshawarPeshawar, Pakistan
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of PhayaoPhayao, Thailand
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of PhayaoPhayao, Thailand
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Antifibrotic effect of meloxicam in rat liver: role of nuclear factor kappa B, proinflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:971-83. [PMID: 27245167 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the antifibrotic effect of meloxicam in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and elucidating its underlying mechanism. Forty male rats were equally randomized for 8-week treatment with corn oil (negative control), CCl4 (to induce liver fibrosis), and/or meloxicam. Meloxicam effectively ameliorated the CCl4-induced alterations in liver histology, liver weight to body weight ratio, liver functions, and serum markers for liver fibrosis (hyaluronic acid, laminin, and PCIII). Meloxicam significantly abrogated CCl4-induced elevation of messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions for collagen I and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and hepatic contents of hydroxyproline, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteases (TIMP-1). Meloxicam mitigated CCl4-induced elevation in hepatic levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), total nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-l beta (IL 1β), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Meloxicam modulated CCl4-induced disturbance of liver cytochrome P450 subfamily 2E1 (CYP2E1) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The attenuation of meloxicam to liver fibrosis was associated with suppression of oxidative stress via reduction of lipid peroxides along with induction of reduced glutathione content and enhancement of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities. This study provides an evidence for antifibrotic effect of meloxicam against CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rat. The antifibrotic mechanism of meloxicam could be through decreasing NF-κB level and subsequent proinflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, NO, IL-1 beta, and PGE2) and, hence, collagen deposition through inhibition of TIMP-1 and TGF-β. Abrogation of oxidative stress and modulation of liver-metabolizing enzymes (CYP2E1 and GST) were also involved.
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Liu X, Zhang J, Zhang C, Yang B, Wang L, Zhou J. The inhibition of cytochrome P450 2A13-catalyzed NNK metabolism by NAT, NAB and nicotine. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1115-1121. [PMID: 30090417 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is considered to be the most carcinogenic of the four tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) and it needs to be metabolically activated to exert its carcinogenic effect on humans. For the simultaneous intake of NNK and other compounds with similar molecular structures in the context of tobacco smoke, whether (R,S)-N-nitrosoanatabine (NAT), (R,S)-N-nitrosoanabasine (NAB) and nicotine contribute to the inhibitory potency of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme-catalyzed NNK metabolism or not needs to be investigated. In the in vitro study, 4-oxo-4-(3-pyridyl) butanal (OPB), 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (HPB) and 4-oxo-4-(3-pyridyl) butanoic acid (OPBA) were established as the products of the CYP2A13-catalyzed NNK metabolism and the kinetic parameters were calculated from the Michaelis-Menten equation. Addition of NAT, NAB or nicotine resulted in a competitive inhibition for the NNK metabolism catalyzed by CYP2A13. The inhibition constant Ki values were calculated to be 0.21 μM (NAT), 0.23 μM (NAB) and 8.51 μM (nicotine) for OPB formation; 0.71 μM (NAT), 0.87 μM (NAB) and 25.01 μM (nicotine) for HPB formation and 0.36 μM (NAT), 0.50 μM (NAB) and 6.57 μM (nicotine) for OPBA formation, respectively. In addition, the study of the transformation of the three metabolites revealed OPB was not only an end product but also an intermediate product of the CYP2A13-catalyzed NNK metabolism. These results suggest that structurally similar tobacco constituents with weak or no carcinogenicity influence the metabolic activation of NNK, which interferes with its carcinogenicity to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Liu
- Shanghai Tobacco Group Corporation , 99 Wansheng South Street , Tongzhou District , Beijing 101121 , China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shanghai Tobacco Group Corporation , 99 Wansheng South Street , Tongzhou District , Beijing 101121 , China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Shanghai Tobacco Group Corporation , 99 Wansheng South Street , Tongzhou District , Beijing 101121 , China
| | - Bicheng Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital , 318 Bayi Road , Nanchang 330006 , Jiangxi , China
| | - Limeng Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road , Dalian 116023 , Liaoning , China.,Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute , 2 Fengyang Road , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan , China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Shanghai Tobacco Group Corporation , 99 Wansheng South Street , Tongzhou District , Beijing 101121 , China
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17
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García-Niño WR, Zazueta C. Ellagic acid: Pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms involved in liver protection. Pharmacol Res 2015; 97:84-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Antioxidative Effects and Inhibition of Human Low Density Lipoprotein Oxidation In Vitro of Polyphenolic Compounds in Flammulina velutipes (Golden Needle Mushroom). OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:403023. [PMID: 26180589 PMCID: PMC4477244 DOI: 10.1155/2015/403023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dietary polyphenolic compounds mediate polynomial actions in guarding against multiple diseases. Atherosclerosis is an oxidative stress driven pathophysiological complication where free radical induced oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) plays the ground breaking role. Mushrooms have been highly regarded for possessing an antioxidant arsenal. Polyphenolic compounds present in dietary mushrooms seem pertinent in withstanding LDL oxidation en route to controlling atherosclerosis. In this study, the antioxidative effect of five solvent fractions consisting of methanol : dichloromethane (M : DCM), hexane (HEX), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA), and aqueous residue (AQ) of Flammulina velutipes was evaluated. M : DCM fraction showed the most potent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging effect with IC50 of 0.86 mg/mL and total phenolic content of 56.36 gallic acid equivalent/g fraction. In LDL oxidation inhibitory tests, M : DCM fraction at 1 µg/mL concentration mostly lengthened the lag time (125 mins) of conjugated diene formation and inhibited the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (48.71%, at 1 mg/mL concentration). LC-MS/MS analyses of M : DCM fraction identified the presence of polyphenolic substances protocatechuic acid, p-coumaric, and ellagic acid. These chain-breaking polyphenolics might impart the antioxidative effects of F. velutipes. Thus, mushroom-based dietary polyphenolic compounds might be implicated in slowing down the progression of atherosclerosis.
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19
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Margină D, Ilie M, Grădinaru D, Androutsopoulos VP, Kouretas D, Tsatsakis AM. Natural products-friends or foes? Toxicol Lett 2015; 236:154-67. [PMID: 25980574 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A trend in the general population has been observed in recent years regarding the orientation toward preventive measures in health; in this context the increased interest from the users and researchers concerning the active effect of food supplements on the health state and on longevity, is noticeable. All over the world, the consumption of natural foods and of vegetal supplements has increased spectacularly over the last 5-10 years. The decreased prevalence of cardio-vascular diseases associated with Mediterranean diet, as well as the French paradox convinced researchers to scientifically document the beneficial outcomes pointed out by traditional use of plants, and to try to develop supplements that would have the same positive effects as these noticed for diet components. The intense research dedicated to this topic revealed the fact that food supplements are linked to some problematic aspects, such as toxicological side effects when associated with classical synthetic drugs. The food supplement-drug interactions are submitted to complex issues regarding pharmacokinetic interactions leading to changes in absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion processes with direct impact on effect and toxicological potential. The present review based on recent literature aims at discussing the food-drug interactions with direct impact on efficacy and toxicity of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Margină
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia St., 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Ilie
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia St., 020956 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Daniela Grădinaru
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia St., 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vasilis P Androutsopoulos
- University of Crete, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Sciences & Toxicology, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Larisa, Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- University of Crete, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Sciences & Toxicology, Heraklion, Greece
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20
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Shaban NZ, El-Kersh MA, Bader-Eldin MM, Kato SA, Hamoda AF. Effect of Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) Juice Extract on Healthy Liver and Hepatotoxicity Induced by Diethylnitrosamine and Phenobarbital in Male Rats. J Med Food 2014; 17:339-49. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Z. Shaban
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A.R. El-Kersh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Sosan Amin Kato
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F. Hamoda
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Zhang H, Guo ZJ, Xu WM, You XJ, Han L, Han YX, Dai LJ. Antitumor effect and mechanism of an ellagic acid derivative on the HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Oncol Lett 2013; 7:525-530. [PMID: 24396481 PMCID: PMC3881749 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, to identify the effective components of Chinese traditional herbs, Euphorbia hylonoma Hand.-Mazz. (Euphorbiaceae), a folk herb that has been used among the Qinling mountain area for hundreds of years, was investigated. 3,3′-Di-O-methyl ellagic acid-4′-O-β-d-xylopyranoside (JNE2), an ellagic acid derivative, was isolated from the acetone extract of the herb and its antitumor activity against human hepatoma HepG2 cells was detected in vitro. The results showed that JNE2 inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner and blocked the cell cycle at the G1/S phase. A high dosage of JNE2 induced apoptosis of the tumor cells, but no significant differences were identified between the treatment groups. The invasiveness of HepG2 cells was also inhibited by JNE2. The mechanism of the antitumor effect of JNE2 at the molecular level was presumed to be due to the upregulation of the protein expression of Bax and caspase-3, and the downregulation of the protein expression of Bcl-2 and CCND1. The results suggested that JNE2 is a potential antitumor agent that merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Zeng-Jun Guo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Ming Xu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Juan You
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ling Han
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Xia Han
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Liu-Jiang Dai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Dut Jasuja N, Choudhary J, Sharama P, Sharma N, C. Joshi S. A Review on Bioactive Compounds and Medicinal Uses of Commiphora mukul. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/jps.2012.113.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ravoori S, Vadhanam MV, Aqil F, Gupta RC. Inhibition of estrogen-mediated mammary tumorigenesis by blueberry and black raspberry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:5547-5555. [PMID: 22571764 DOI: 10.1021/jf205325p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated the protective effects of blueberry (BB) and black raspberry (BRB) supplemented at 2.5% dose in an ACI rat mammary tumor model. Here, we assessed a dose-related alteration in tumor indices with diet supplemented with 5% BB or BRB powder. The diet was well tolerated. Tumor palpation from 12 weeks revealed first tumor appearance by 84 days in the control group, that was delayed by 24 and 39 days with the BB and BRB diets, respectively (p = 0.04). Ellagic acid detected in the plasma of rats fed the BRB diet was in the range of 96.6-294.2 ng/mL. While the BB diet showed better efficacy in reducing mammary tissue proliferation and tumor burden, tumor latency was delayed efficiently by BRB. Furthermore, BB was effective in downregulating CYP1A1 expression, while BRB downregulated ERα expression effectively. Distinct anticarcinogenic effects of the two berries correspond to their distinct phytochemical signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivani Ravoori
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
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Cyclophosphamide-induced nephrotoxicity, genotoxicity, and damage in kidney genomic DNA of Swiss albino mice: the protective effect of Ellagic acid. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 365:119-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Mathematical evaluation of the amino acid and polyphenol content and antioxidant activities of fruits from different apricot cultivars. Molecules 2011; 16:7428-57. [PMID: 21886093 PMCID: PMC6264707 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16097428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional foods are of interest because of their significant effects on human health, which can be connected with the presence of some biologically important compounds. In this study, we carried out complex analysis of 239 apricot cultivars (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivated in Lednice (climatic area T4), South Moravia, Czech Republic. Almost all previously published studies have focused only on analysis of certain parameters. However, we focused on detection both primary and secondary metabolites in a selection of apricot cultivars with respect to their biological activity. The contents of thirteen biogenic alpha-L-amino acids (arginine, asparagine, isoleucine, lysine, serine, threonine, valine, leucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine, proline and alanine) were determined using ion exchange chromatography with UV-Vis spectrometry detection. Profile of polyphenols, measured as content of ten polyphenols with significant antioxidant properties (gallic acid, procatechinic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, rutin, ferrulic acid and quercetrin), was determined by high performance liquid chromatography with spectrometric/electrochemical detection. Moreover, content of total phenolics was determined spectrophotometrically using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activity was determined using five independent spectrophotometric methods: DPPH assay, DMPD method, ABTS method, FRAP and Free Radicals methods. Considering the complexity of the obtained data, they were processed and correlated using bioinformatics techniques (cluster analysis, principal component analysis). The studied apricot cultivars were clustered according to their common biochemical properties, which has not been done before. The observed similarities and differences were discussed.
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Chowdhury SA, Dean PM, Vijayaraghavan R, MacFarlane DR. Efficient Synthesis of Ellagic Acid Salts Using Distillable Ionic Liquids. Aust J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/ch11236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A direct, one pot synthesis of an ellagic acid salt was achieved at room temperature by dimerization of ethyl gallate using N,N-dimethylammonium N′,N′-dimethylcarbamate, a distillable ionic liquid, as solvent.
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27
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Makaji E, Ho SHY, Holloway AC, Crankshaw DJ. Effects in Rats of Maternal Exposure to Raspberry Leaf and Its Constituents on the Activity of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in the Offspring. Int J Toxicol 2010; 30:216-24. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581810388307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The goal of our study was to determine whether maternal exposure to red raspberry leaf (RRL) and its constituents can permanently alter biotransformation of fluorogenic substrates by cytochrome P450 (CYP) in the livers of male and female offspring. Nulliparous female rats received vehicle, raspberry leaf, kaempferol, quercetin, or ellagic acid orally once breeding had been confirmed until parturition. Hepatic microsomes were prepared from animals at birth (postnatal day 1 [PND1]), weaning (PND21), PND65, and PND120 to determine the biotransformation of 8 fluorogenic substrates. The pattern of biotransformation of all but 2 of the substrates was gender specific. Maternal consumption of RRL increased biotransformation of 3 substrates by female offspring at PND120 resulting in a more masculine profile. Kaempferol and quercetin had a similar effect to RRL. These results suggest that maternal consumption of either RRL or some of its constituents leads to long-term alterations of CYP activity in female offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Makaji
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shirley H. Y. Ho
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Honours Biology & Pharmacology Program McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison C. Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Denis J. Crankshaw
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Honours Biology & Pharmacology Program McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Henning SM, Seeram NP, Zhang Y, Li L, Gao K, Lee RP, Wang DC, Zerlin A, Karp H, Thames G, Kotlerman J, Li Z, Heber D. Strawberry consumption is associated with increased antioxidant capacity in serum. J Med Food 2010; 13:116-22. [PMID: 20136444 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Strawberries are known to contain antioxidants, but the significance of ingesting antioxidant-rich fruits remains to be established. In order to determine whether the consumption of strawberries impacted measures of in vivo antioxidant capacity, frozen strawberries (250 g) were administered daily for 3 weeks to 21 healthy female volunteers. Compliance was confirmed by quantitating pelargonidin-glucuronide, urolithin A-glucuronide, and 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3-[(2)H]furanone-glucuronide in plasma and urine by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and antioxidant capacity in serum measured by the increase in lag phase of low-density lipoprotein after copper sulfate exposure, DNA strand breaks in lymphocytes, and activity of phase II enzymes. Among these measures lipid peroxidation lag time increased by 20% (P < .01), whereas other measures did not change significantly. The potent antioxidant defenses in humans make determination of changes due to dietary ingestion in healthy individuals difficult. In summary, daily consumption of strawberries resulted in a modest but significant increase in antioxidant capacity in a healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M Henning
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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Lee YI, Whang KE, Cho JS, Ahn BM, Lee SB, Dong MS, Kim TH. Rubus coreanus Extract Attenuates Acetaminophen Induced Hepatotoxicity; Involvement of Cytochrome P450 3A4. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2009. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2009.17.4.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Kim S, Gaber MW, Zawaski JA, Zhang F, Richardson M, Zhang XA, Yang Y. The inhibition of glioma growth in vitro and in vivo by a chitosan/ellagic acid composite biomaterial. Biomaterials 2009; 30:4743-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Aiyer HS, Kichambare S, Gupta RC. Prevention of oxidative DNA damage by bioactive berry components. Nutr Cancer 2009; 60 Suppl 1:36-42. [PMID: 19003579 DOI: 10.1080/01635580802398448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The hormone 17ss-estradiol (E(2)) causes oxidative DNA damage via redox cycling of its metabolites such as 4-hydroxy estradiol (4E(2)). In this study, ACI rats (8 wk old) were fed either AIN-93M diet or diets supplemented with 0.5% each of mixed berries (strawberry, blueberry, blackberry, and red and black raspberry), blueberry alone (BB; 2.5%), or ellagic acid (EA; 400 ppm) from 2 wk prior to and up to 12 wk of E(2) treatment. The liver DNA was analyzed for the presence of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxodG) and other polar adducts by 32P-postlabeling. Compared to sham treatment, E(2) significantly increased the levels of both 8-oxodG and P-1 subgroup (259% and 214%, respectively; P< 0.05). EA diet significantly reduced E(2)-induced levels of 8-oxodG, P-1, P-2, and PL-1 by 79, 63, 44, and 67%, respectively (P< 0.001). BB diet also significantly reduced the levels of P-1, P-2, and PL-1 subgroups by 77, 43, and 68%, respectively (P< 0.001). Mixed berries were, however, ineffective. In addition, aqueous extracts of berries (2%) and EA (100 microM) were tested for their efficacy in diminishing oxidative DNA adducts induced by redox cycling of 4E(2) catalyzed by copper chloride in vitro. EA was the most efficacious (90%), followed by extracts of red raspberry (70%), blueberry, and strawberry (50% each; P< 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini S Aiyer
- Brown Cancer Center, Delia Baxter II, Room 304E, 580 Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Allen CT, Peden-Adams MM, EuDaly J, Keil DE. Subchronic exposure to ellagic acid impairs cytotoxic T-cell function and suppresses humoral immunity in mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2009; 25:409-22. [PMID: 19180803 DOI: 10.1081/iph-120024508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is present in a variety of foods such as grapes, strawberries, raspberries, and nuts. It is a dietary plant phenol that has been shown to inhibit oxidative stress and chemical carcinogenesis. Although several studies have examined the protective mechanisms of dietary EA including the induction of detoxifying enzymes, regulation of cell cycle, chelation of nickel, and prevention of DNA methylation, none have addressed the role of EA in immunological surveillance. This study investigates the status of immune function in B6C3F1 mice exposed continuously to EA in drinking water at 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Although this range of exposure is above the estimated human daily intake (approximately 940 microg/day for 70 kg person or 13.4 microg/kg/day), these levels would not be unreasonable if EA were used as a dietary supplement or as a chemotherapeutic agent. Previous reports have demonstrated the anticarcinogenic effects of EA at levels 10- to 250-fold greater than those applied in this study. Immunological parameters assessed included natural killer (NK) cell activity, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, IgM antibody plaque forming cell (PFC) response, thymus, spleen, kidney, and liver mass, and total cellularity for the thymus and spleen. Subchronic exposure to EA for 28 days in drinking water caused significant suppression of specific IgM antibody responses in the 2.0 mg/kg EA treatment group and suppressed cytotoxic T-cell function in the 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg EA treatment groups. All other immunological parameters were within normal ranges. Kidney and liver mass were not altered after treatment with EA. The results from this study indicate that EA suppressed both IgM antibody responses and CTLs. These observations suggest important implications on human health should EA be prescribed as a chemotherapeutic agent or a preventative dietary supplement for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Allen
- Department of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Devipriya N, Sudheer AR, Srinivasan M, Menon VP. Effect of Ellagic Acid, a Plant Polyphenol, on Fibrotic Markers (MMPs and TIMPs) during Alcohol-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Toxicol Mech Methods 2008; 17:349-56. [DOI: 10.1080/15376510601077003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Dietary berries and ellagic acid prevent oxidative DNA damage and modulate expression of DNA repair genes. Int J Mol Sci 2008; 9:327-341. [PMID: 19325752 PMCID: PMC2635667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms9030327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage is a pre-requisite for the initiation of cancer and agents that reduce this damage are useful in cancer prevention. In this study, we evaluated the ability of whole berries and berry phytochemical, ellagic acid to reduce endogenous oxidative DNA damage. Ellagic acid was selected based on >95% inhibition of 8-oxodeoxyguosine (8-oxodG) and other unidentified oxidative DNA adducts induced by 4-hydroxy-17ss-estradiol and CuCl(2) in vitro. Inhibition of the latter occurred at lower concentrations (10 microM) than that for 8-oxodG (100 microM). In the in vivo study, female CD-1 mice (n=6) were fed either a control diet or diet supplemented with ellagic acid (400 ppm) and dehydrated berries (5% w/w) with varying ellagic acid contents - blueberry (low), strawberry (medium) and red raspberry (high), for 3 weeks. Blueberry and strawberry diets showed moderate reductions in endogenous DNA adducts (25%). However, both red raspberry and ellagic acid diets showed a significant reduction of 59% (p < 0.001) and 48% (p < 0.01), respectively. Both diets also resulted in a 3-8 fold over-expression of genes involved in DNA repair such as xeroderma pigmentosum group A complementing protein (XPA), DNA excision repair protein (ERCC5) and DNA ligase III (DNL3). These results suggest that red raspberry and ellagic acid reduce endogenous oxidative DNA damage by mechanisms which may involve increase in DNA repair.
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Saracino MR, Lampe JW. Phytochemical regulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: implications for cancer prevention. Nutr Cancer 2008; 59:121-41. [PMID: 18001207 DOI: 10.1080/01635580701458178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are Phase II biotransformation enzymes that metabolize endogenous and exogenous compounds, some of which have been associated with cancer risk. Many phytochemicals have been shown to induce UGTs in humans, rodents, and cell culture systems. Because UGTs maintain hormone balance and facilitate excretion of potentially carcinogenic compounds, regulation of their expression and activity may affect cancer risk. Phytochemicals regulate transcription factors such as the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), aryl hydrocarbon, and pregnane X receptors as well as proteins in several signal transduction cascades that converge on Nrf2 to stimulate UGT expression. This induction can be modified by several factors, including phytochemical dose and bioavailability and interindividual variation in enzyme expression. In this review, we summarize the knowledge of dietary modulation of UGTs, particularly by phytochemicals, and discuss the potential mechanisms by which phytochemicals regulate UGT transcription.
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Devipriya N, Sudheer AR, Menon VP. Dose-response effect of ellagic acid on circulatory antioxidants and lipids during alcohol-induced toxicity in experimental rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2007; 21:621-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2007.00551.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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37
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Svarcova I, Heinrich J, Valentova K. BERRY FRUITS AS A SOURCE OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS: THE CASE OF LONICERA CAERULEA. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2007; 151:163-74. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2007.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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38
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Duthie SJ. Berry phytochemicals, genomic stability and cancer: Evidence for chemoprotection at several stages in the carcinogenic process. Mol Nutr Food Res 2007; 51:665-74. [PMID: 17487926 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200600257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of a diet high in plant-based foods is associated with a decreased risk of epithelial cell cancers at several sites. Cytoprotectants in fruits and vegetables include vitamins, minerals and numerous micronutrients. While there is little evidence uniquely linking berry consumption with lower cancer risk, berries contain high levels of compounds believed to reduce malignant transformation, including the polyphenol flavonoids and anthocyanins. There is strong and convincing evidence that berry extracts and berry phytochemicals modulate biomarkers of DNA damage and indicators of malignant transformation in vitro and in vivo. Data from numerous cell culture and animal models indicate that berry components such as the anthocyanins are potent anticarcinogenic agents and are protective against genomic instability at several sites in the carcinogenic pathway. Anticarcinogenic mechanisms include modulation of carcinogen activation and detoxification, decreased DNA binding of the carcinogen, inhibition of oxidative DNA damage, alteration in cell signalling and malignant transformation and inhibition of cell invasiveness and metastasis. Exactly which berry constituents are cytoprotective remains uncertain and in the majority of in vitro and in vivo studies the concentration of extract or phytochemical employed is non-nutritional. Evidence for an anticarcinogenic effect in human studies is weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Duthie
- Nutrition and Epigenetics Group, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
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39
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Abstract
The initiating event in carcinogenesis is a somatic mutation. During progression of the disease, additional mutations accumulate as the transformed cells develop the ability to proliferate and metastasize. These mutations can be produced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated through metabolism, or environmental insult. Metastasis involves tissue degradative enzymes, many of which are members of the matrix metalloproteinase family. Hence, substances that can neutralize ROS, inhibit mutagenesis, or block activity of the matrix metalloproteinases should prove to be anticarcinogenic. This study was performed to evaluate the possible anticarcinogenic characteristics of muscadine grapes. These grow wild in the southeast United States and have not been subjected to extensive breeding, as have most commercially cultivated fruits. The extracts tested were from pomace remaining after wine production. This is usually discarded, but the results obtained in this study indicate that pomace water extracts could be used as sources for purification of anticarcinogenic compounds. Four varieties of muscadine grape were tested for their abilities to affect mutagenesis by the metabolically activated carcinogen 2-aminoanthracene. Each extract was also assayed for antioxidant activity and for its ability to inhibit activity of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9. Each of the four extracts showed significant inhibition of 2-aminoanthracene mutagenesis, high antioxidant activity, and the ability to inhibit activities of both metalloproteinases, implying that these extracts could be good inhibitors of carcinogenesis. Two of the extracts showed little activity when tested for their effects on mutagenesis by the direct-acting mutagen methyl methanesulfonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M God
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 39634, USA
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40
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Lu H, Li J, Zhang D, Stoner GD, Huang C. Molecular mechanisms involved in chemoprevention of black raspberry extracts: from transcription factors to their target genes. Nutr Cancer 2006; 54:69-78. [PMID: 16800774 DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc5401_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Berries have attracted attention for their chemopreventive activities in last a few years. Dietary freeze-dried blackberries have been shown to reduce esophagus and colon cancer development induced by chemical carcinogen in rodents. To elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in chemoprevention by berry extracts, we employed mouse epidermal Cl 41 cell line, a well-characterized in vitro model in tumor promotion studies. Pretreatment of Cl 41 cells with methanol-extracted blackberry fraction RO-ME resulted in a dramatical inhibition of B(a)PDE-induced activation of AP-1 and NFkB, and expression of VEGF and COX-2. The inhibitory effects of RO-ME on B(a)PDE-induced activation of AP-1 and NFkappaB appear to be mediated via inhibition of MAPKs and IkappaBalpha phosphorylation, respectively. In view of the important roles of AP-1, NFkappaB, VEGF and COX-2 in tumor promotion/progression, and VEGF and COX-2 are target of AP-1 and NFkappaB, we anticipate that the ability of black raspberries to inhibit tumor development may be mediated by impairing signal transduction pathways leading to activation of AP-1 and NFkappaB, subsequently resulting in down-regulation of VEGF and COX-2 expression. The RO-ME fraction appears to be the major fraction responsible for the inhibitory activity of black raspberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitian Lu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
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41
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Reen RK, Nines R, Stoner GD. Modulation of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine metabolism by black raspberries in the esophagus and liver of Fischer 344 rats. Nutr Cancer 2006; 54:47-57. [PMID: 16800772 PMCID: PMC3015089 DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc5401_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dietary freeze-dried black raspberries (BRBs) inhibit N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA)-induced tumorigenesis in the Fischer 344 rat esophagus. To determine the mechanistic basis of the anti-initiating effects of BRBs, NMBA metabolism was studied in esophageal explant cultures and in liver microsomes taken from rats fed with AIN-76A diet or AIN-76A diet containing 5% or 10% BRBs. Five percent and 10% dietary BRBs inhibited NMBA metabolism in explants (26% and 20%) and in microsomes (22% and 28%), but the inhibition was not dose dependent. To identify active inhibitory component(s) in BRBs, esophageal explants and liver microsomes from control rats were treated in vitro with an ethanol extract of BRBs or with individual components of BRBs [ellagic acid (EA) and two anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside)]. NMBA metabolism in explants was inhibited maximally by cyanidin-3-rutinoside (47%) followed by EA (33%), cyanidin-3-glucoside (23%), and the extract (11%). Similarly, in liver microsomes, the inhibition was maximal by cyanidin-3-rutinoside (47%) followed by EA (33%) and cyanidin-3-glucoside (32%). Phenylethylisothiocyanate (PEITC), a potent inhibitor of NMBA tumorigenesis in rat esophagus, was a stronger inhibitor of NMBA metabolism in vivo and in vitro than BRBs or their components. Dietary BRBs and PEITC induced glutathione S-transferase activity in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmeet K Reen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
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Mori Y, Tatematsu K, Koide A, Sugie S, Tanaka T, Mori H. Modification by curcumin of mutagenic activation of carcinogenic N-nitrosamines by extrahepatic cytochromes P-450 2B1 and 2E1 in rats. Cancer Sci 2006; 97:896-904. [PMID: 16805852 PMCID: PMC11159237 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2006.00261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanism underlying suppression by curcumin of esophageal carcinogenesis induced by NMBA, we evaluated the CYP level and mutagenic activation of environmental carcinogens, by immunoblot analyses and Ames preincubation test, respectively, and bilirubin, 4-nitrophenol and testosterone UDPGT activities in F344 rats treated with curcumin and/or NMBA. No significant alterations in the hepatic levels of constitutive CYP proteins, mutagenic activation by liver S9 or hepatic UDPGT activities were produced by subcutaneous treatment with 0.5 mg/kg NMBA for 5 weeks and/or feeding of 0.05% and 0.2% curcumin for 6 weeks. In contrast, gavage of 0.2% curcumin decreased esophageal CYP2B1 and 2E1 by up to 60%, compared with vehicle control. Similarly, intragastric treatment with 270 mg/kg curcumin decreased esophageal and gastric CYP2B1 and CYP2E1, but not in lung, kidney or intestine. Conversely, large intestinal CYP2B1 was 2.8-fold higher in the treated rats than in control rats. Mutagenic activities of NOC, including NMBA, in the presence of esophagus and stomach S9 were markedly decreased in the treated rats, whereas those in the presence of large intestine S9 were 2.2-3.0-fold above control. These results show that modifying effects of curcumin on esophageal carcinogenesis can be attributed to a decrease in metabolic activation of NMBA by esophageal CYP2B1 during the initiation phase, without the contribution of metabolic activation and inactivation by liver. Further, the present findings suggest the potential of curcumin for modification of gastric and intestinal carcinogenesis initiated with NOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Mori
- Institute of Biological Pharmacy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 6-1, Mitahora-higashi 5-chome, Gifu 502-8585, Japan.
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Tate P, Stanner A, Shields K, Smith S, Larcom L. Blackberry extracts inhibit UV-induced mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium TA100. Nutr Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2005.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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44
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Päivärinta E, Pajari AM, Törrönen R, Mutanen M. Ellagic Acid and Natural Sources of Ellagitannins as Possible Chemopreventive Agents Against Intestinal Tumorigenesis in the Min Mouse. Nutr Cancer 2006; 54:79-83. [PMID: 16800775 DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc5401_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Ellagic acid has been shown to have chemopreventive effects in various experimental cancer models. We wanted to see whether pure ellagic acid and natural ellagitannins from cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus) seed and pulp have any effect on adenoma formation in Apc-mutated Min mice. From the age of 5 wk, the mice were fed either a control diet, a diet containing pure ellagic acid at 1,564 mg/kg, or diets containing 4.7% (wt/wt) cloudberry seeds or 5.3% cloudberry pulp. The concentrations of ellagitannins and free ellagic acid in the seed diet were 807 and 42 mg/kg and in the pulp diet 820 and 34 mg/kg, respectively. After the 10-wk feeding period, ellagic acid had no effect on the number or size of adenomas in the distal or total small intestine, but it increased adenoma size in the duodenum when compared with the control diet (1.50+/-0.29 vs. 1.16+/-0.31 mm; P=0.029). Neither cloudberry seed nor pulp diets had any effect on the adenoma formation. Chemopreventive effects and mechanisms of whole cloudberry and other similar sources of phenolic compounds should, however, be studied, further taking into account food matrix and interactions with other dietary constituents that may be involved in the bioavailability and metabolism of ellagitannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essi Päivärinta
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies have noted a consistent association between the consumption of diets rich in fruits and vegetables and a lower risk for chronic diseases including cancer and cardiovascular disease. There is accumulating evidence that much of the health-promoting potential of these plant foods may come from phytochemicals, bioactive compounds not designated as traditional nutrients. In strawberries, the most abundant of these are ellagic acid, and certain flavonoids: anthocyanin, catechin, quercetin and kaempferol. These compounds in strawberries have potent antioxidant power. Antioxidants help lower risk of cardiovascular events by inhibition of LDL-cholesterol oxidation, promotion of plaque stability, improved vascular endothelial function, and decreased tendency for thrombosis. Furthermore, strawberry extracts have been shown to inhibit COX enzymes in vitro, which would modulate the inflammatory process. Individual compounds in strawberries have demonstrated anticancer activity in several different experimental systems, blocking initiation of carcinogenesis, and suppressing progression and proliferation of tumors. Preliminary animal studies have indicated that diets rich in strawberries may also have the potential to provide benefits to the aging brain.
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46
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Russell WR, Scobbie L, Chesson A. Structural modification of phenylpropanoid-derived compounds and the effects on their participation in redox processes. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:2537-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2004] [Accepted: 01/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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47
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Abstract
Many proteins present on cell surfaces and located in extracellular fluids contain cysteine and methionine residues that are subject to oxidation. These proteins, which include transporters, receptors, and enzymes, respond to variations in the extracellular thiol/disulfide redox environment. Changes in activity of these proteins can alter the ability of organs to function normally and influence processes such as nutritional absorption, secretory function, neurotransmission, and susceptibility to toxicants. In addition, extracellular redox can regulate tissue homeostasis through effects on cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune function. Consequently, extracellular redox can have important influences on health status and disease states and thus could be a target for nutritional interventions.
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48
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de Boer JG, Yang H, Holcroft J, Skov K. Chemoprotection Against N-Nitrosomethylbenzylamine-Induced Mutation in the Rat Esophagus. Nutr Cancer 2004; 50:168-73. [PMID: 15623463 DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc5002_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of esophageal cancer may be possible through dietary modification or supplementation. In this study we have investigated the mutation preventive properties of ellagic acid, green tea, and diallyl sulfide (DAS) against the mutagenicity of the nitrosamine N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA) in the esophagus of the rat. In addition, the effect of the consumption of ethanol on the mutagenicity of NMBA was examined. NMBA is specific in inducing tumors in the rat esophagus and has been used in many studies investigating the mechanism and the prevention of this cancer. We found that the type of mutations induced by two 2-mg/kg subcutaneous injections of NMBA in the lacI gene of "Big Blue" rats is consistent with that found previously for nitrosamines in other systems and consists of G:C-->A:T transitions. We report that the addition of ellagic acid to the feed, replacing drinking water with green tea, and gavage with DAS significantly reduced the mutagenicity of NMBA. In contrast, the addition of 5% ethanol to the drinking water increased the mutagenicity of NMBA. This is consistent with findings that these compounds modulate NMBA-induced carcinogenesis in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan G de Boer
- Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria BC, Canada.
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49
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Galati G, O'Brien PJ. Potential toxicity of flavonoids and other dietary phenolics: significance for their chemopreventive and anticancer properties. Free Radic Biol Med 2004; 37:287-303. [PMID: 15223063 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 675] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2003] [Revised: 04/20/2004] [Accepted: 04/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids, including isoflavones, are natural components in our diet and, with the burgeoning interest in alternative medicine, are increasingly being ingested by the general population. Plant phenolics, which form moieties on flavonoid rings, such as gallic acid, are also widely consumed. Several beneficial properties have been attributed to these dietary compounds, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic effects. Flavonoid preparations are marketed as herbal medicines or dietary supplements for a variety of alleged nontoxic therapeutic effects. However, they have yet to pass controlled clinical trials for efficacy, and their potential for toxicity is an understudied field of research. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding potential dietary flavonoid/phenolic-induced toxicity concerns, including their pro-oxidant activity, mitochondrial toxicity (potential apoptosis-inducing properties), and interactions with drug-metabolizing enzymes. Their chemopreventive activity in animal in vivo experiments may result from their ability to inhibit phase I and induce phase II carcinogen metabolizing enzymes that initiate carcinogenesis. They also inhibit the promotion stage of carcinogenesis by inhibiting oxygen radical-forming enzymes or enzymes that contribute to DNA synthesis or act as ATP mimics and inhibit protein kinases that contribute to proliferative signal transduction. Finally, they may prevent tumor development by inducing tumor cell apoptosis by inhibiting DNA topoisomerase II and p53 downregulation or by causing mitochondrial toxicity, which initiates mitochondrial apoptosis. While most flavonoids/phenolics are considered safe, flavonoid/phenolic therapy or chemopreventive use needs to be assessed as there have been reports of toxic flavonoid-drug interactions, liver failure, contact dermatitis, hemolytic anemia, and estrogenic-related concerns such as male reproductive health and breast cancer associated with dietary flavonoid/phenolic consumption or exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Galati
- Department of Pharmacology and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2S2
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Buniatian GH. Stages of activation of hepatic stellate cells: effects of ellagic acid, an inhibiter of liver fibrosis, on their differentiation in culture. Cell Prolif 2004; 36:307-19. [PMID: 14710849 PMCID: PMC6496808 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2184.2003.00287.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED To further explore that hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation results in physiological protection against environmental insult, the profile of differentiation of HSC has been examined upon treatment with ellagic acid (EA), a plant-derived antioxidant that shows multiple protective effects during liver disease. Sparse rat liver cell cultures were grown in media containing EA (3, 6, 30 and 100 microg/ml) and, as controls, without EA, and inspected until day 7 in culture. The cells were double-labelled with antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and smooth muscle alpha-actin (SMAA), marker proteins of quiescent and activated HSC, respectively. In EA-free culture conditions, the quiescent (SMAA-/GFAP+) HSC transiently acquired a semi-activated (SMAA+/GFAP+), phenotype and were further transformed into activated (SMAA+/GFAP-), pleomorphic HSC. Up to a concentration of 30 microg/ml, EA induced an early synthesis of SMAA in all HSC and inhibited their morphologic differentiation and individual growth throughout the culture period. At a concentration of 6 microg/ml, EA supported the semi-activated (SMAA+/GFAP+) phenotype of HSC throughout the culture period, whereas treatment with high EA concentrations (30 microg/ml) resulted in an early loss of GFAP expression. IN CONCLUSION (i) the uniform response of HSC to EA by mild activation adds functional significance to cellular features preceding the transformation of HSC to myofibroblasts; (ii) the high sensitivity of HSC to EA treatment suggests their involvement in any mechanisms of protection by this antioxidant; (iii) the maintenance of HSC morphology might be one of the factors playing a role in the prevention or slowing down of liver fibrosis; (iv) because the effects of EA are concentration- and time-dependent, an arbitrary usage of this antioxidant is a matter of potential concern; (v) the various patterns of HSC activation observed might correspond to distinct activities of these cells, which, in turn, might lead to different outcomes of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Buniatian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Zellbiologie, Ladenburg, Germany.
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