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Paudel D, Nair DVT, Joseph G, Castro R, Tiwari AK, Singh V. Gastrointestinal microbiota-directed nutritional and therapeutic interventions for inflammatory bowel disease: opportunities and challenges. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2024; 12:goae033. [PMID: 38690290 PMCID: PMC11057942 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence-based research has confirmed the role of gastrointestinal microbiota in regulating intestinal inflammation. These data have generated interest in developing microbiota-based therapies for the prevention and management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite in-depth understanding of the etiology of IBD, it currently lacks a cure and requires ongoing management. Accumulating data suggest that an aberrant gastrointestinal microbiome, often referred to as dysbiosis, is a significant environmental instigator of IBD. Novel microbiome-targeted interventions including prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplant, and small molecule microbiome modulators are being evaluated as therapeutic interventions to attenuate intestinal inflammation by restoring a healthy microbiota composition and function. In this review, the effectiveness and challenges of microbiome-centered interventions that have the potential to alleviate intestinal inflammation and improve clinical outcomes of IBD are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Paudel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Divek V T Nair
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Grace Joseph
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Rita Castro
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Vishal Singh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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2
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Williams LM, Cao S. Harnessing and delivering microbial metabolites as therapeutics via advanced pharmaceutical approaches. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 256:108605. [PMID: 38367866 PMCID: PMC10985132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Microbial metabolites have emerged as key players in the interplay between diet, the gut microbiome, and host health. Two major classes, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and tryptophan (Trp) metabolites, are recognized to regulate inflammatory, immune, and metabolic responses within the host. Given that many human diseases are associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and consequent reductions in microbial metabolite production, the administration of these metabolites represents a direct, multi-targeted treatment. While a multitude of preclinical studies showcase the therapeutic potential of both SCFAs and Trp metabolites, they often rely on high doses and frequent dosing regimens to achieve systemic effects, thereby constraining their clinical applicability. To address these limitations, a variety of pharmaceutical formulations approaches that enable targeted, delayed, and/or sustained microbial metabolite delivery have been developed. These approaches, including enteric encapsulations, esterification to dietary fiber, prodrugs, and nanoformulations, pave the way for the next generation of microbial metabolite-based therapeutics. In this review, we first provide an overview of the roles of microbial metabolites in maintaining host homeostasis and outline how compromised metabolite production contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory, metabolic, autoimmune, allergic, infectious, and cancerous diseases. Additionally, we explore the therapeutic potential of metabolites in these disease contexts. Then, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the pharmaceutical strategies that have been employed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of microbial metabolites, with a focus on SCFAs and Trp metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Williams
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Shijie Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
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3
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Wang Y, Wymond B, Tandon H, Belobrajdic DP. Swapping White for High-Fibre Bread Increases Faecal Abundance of Short-Chain Fatty Acid-Producing Bacteria and Microbiome Diversity: A Randomized, Controlled, Decentralized Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:989. [PMID: 38613022 PMCID: PMC11013647 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A low-fibre diet leads to gut microbiota imbalance, characterized by low diversity and reduced ability to produce beneficial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This imbalance is associated with poor gastrointestinal and metabolic health. We aimed to determine whether one dietary change, substitution of white bread with high-fibre bread, improves gut microbiota diversity and SCFA-producing capability. Twenty-two healthy adults completed a two-phase randomized, cross-over trial. The participants consumed three slices of a high-fibre bread (Prebiotic Cape Seed Loaf with BARLEYmax®) or control white bread as part of their usual diet for 2 weeks, with the treatment periods separated by a 4-week washout. High-fibre bread consumption increased total dietary fibre intake to 40 g/d, which was double the amount of fibre consumed at baseline or during the white bread intervention. Compared to white bread, the high-fibre bread intervention resulted in higher faecal alpha diversity (Shannon, p = 0.014) and relative abundance of the Lachnospiracae ND3007 group (p < 0.001, FDR = 0.019) and tended to increase the butyrate-producing capability (p = 0.062). In conclusion, substituting white bread with a high-fibre bread improved the diversity of gut microbiota and specific microbes involved in SCFA production and may enhance the butyrate-producing capability of gut microbiota in healthy adults. These findings suggest that a single dietary change involving high-fibre bread provides a practical way for adults to exceed recommended dietary fibre intake levels that improve gut microbiota composition and support gastrointestinal and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- CSIRO, Microbiomes for One Systems Health-Future Science Platform, Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
| | - Brooke Wymond
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (B.W.); (H.T.)
| | - Himanshu Tandon
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (B.W.); (H.T.)
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Tannock GW. Understanding the gut microbiota by considering human evolution: a story of fire, cereals, cooking, molecular ingenuity, and functional cooperation. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0012722. [PMID: 38126754 PMCID: PMC10966955 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00127-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe microbial community inhabiting the human colon, referred to as the gut microbiota, is mostly composed of bacterial species that, through extensive metabolic networking, degrade and ferment components of food and human secretions. The taxonomic composition of the microbiota has been extensively investigated in metagenomic studies that have also revealed details of molecular processes by which common components of the human diet are metabolized by specific members of the microbiota. Most studies of the gut microbiota aim to detect deviations in microbiota composition in patients relative to controls in the hope of showing that some diseases and conditions are due to or exacerbated by alterations to the gut microbiota. The aim of this review is to consider the gut microbiota in relation to the evolution of Homo sapiens which was heavily influenced by the consumption of a nutrient-dense non-arboreal diet, limited gut storage capacity, and acquisition of skills relating to mastering fire, cooking, and cultivation of cereal crops. The review delves into the past to gain an appreciation of what is important in the present. A holistic view of "healthy" microbiota function is proposed based on the evolutionary pathway shared by humans and gut microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald W. Tannock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Vagnerová K, Hudcovic T, Vodička M, Ergang P, Klusoňová P, Petr Hermanová P, Šrůtková D, Pácha J. The effect of oral butyrate on colonic short-chain fatty acid transporters and receptors depends on microbial status. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1341333. [PMID: 38595917 PMCID: PMC11002167 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1341333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Butyrate, a metabolite produced by gut bacteria, has demonstrated beneficial effects in the colon and has been used to treat inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the mechanism by which butyrate operates remains incompletely understood. Given that oral butyrate can exert either a direct impact on the gut mucosa or an indirect influence through its interaction with the gut microbiome, this study aimed to investigate three key aspects: (1) whether oral intake of butyrate modulates the expression of genes encoding short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) transporters (Slc16a1, Slc16a3, Slc16a4, Slc5a8, Abcg2) and receptors (Hcar2, Ffar2, Ffar3, Olfr78, Olfr558) in the colon, (2) the potential involvement of gut microbiota in this modulation, and (3) the impact of oral butyrate on the expression of colonic SCFA transporters and receptors during colonic inflammation. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) mice with or without DSS-induced inflammation were provided with either water or a 0.5% sodium butyrate solution. The findings revealed that butyrate decreased the expression of Slc16a1, Slc5a8, and Hcar2 in SPF but not in GF mice, while it increased the expression of Slc16a3 in GF and the efflux pump Abcg2 in both GF and SPF animals. Moreover, the presence of microbiota was associated with the upregulation of Hcar2, Ffar2, and Ffar3 expression and the downregulation of Slc16a3. Interestingly, the challenge with DSS did not alter the expression of SCFA transporters, regardless of the presence or absence of microbiota, and the effect of butyrate on the transporter expression in SPF mice remained unaffected by DSS. The expression of SCFA receptors was only partially affected by DSS. Our results indicate that (1) consuming a relatively low concentration of butyrate can influence the expression of colonic SCFA transporters and receptors, with their expression being modulated by the gut microbiota, (2) the effect of butyrate does not appear to result from direct substrate-induced regulation but rather reflects an indirect effect associated with the gut microbiome, and (3) acute colon inflammation does not lead to significant changes in the transcriptional regulation of most SCFA transporters and receptors, with the effect of butyrate in the inflamed colon remaining intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Vagnerová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Hudcovic
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Nový Hrádek, Czechia
| | - Martin Vodička
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Peter Ergang
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Klusoňová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Dagmar Šrůtková
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Nový Hrádek, Czechia
| | - Jiří Pácha
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Jangi S, Moyer J, Sandlow S, Fu M, Chen H, Shum A, Hsia K, Cersosimo L, Yeliseyev V, Zhao N, Bry L, Michaud DS. Microbial butyrate capacity is reduced in inflamed mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3479. [PMID: 38347087 PMCID: PMC10861456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Reduced butyrate-production capacity has been reported in fecal microbial communities in patients with active ulcerative colitis. However, the butyrate-production capacity of the mucosal microbiome from active vs quiescent mucosa in ulcerative colitis has been unexplored. We sought to determine the diversity and relative abundance of mucosal bacterial and fungal communities from endoscopically active vs quiescent mucosa in patients with UC, and aimed to predict contributions of mucosal microbial communities to butyrate synthesis. Systematic, segmental right- and left-sided biopsies were obtained from endoscopically active (n = 13) or quiescent (n = 17) colonic mucosa, among 15 patients with pan-colonic ulcerative colitis. Dietary fiber intake of patients was performed using the validated five-item FiberScreen questionnaire. Amplicon sequencing of mucosal bacteria and fungi was performed. The diversity and relative abundance of mucosal bacterial and fungal taxa were quantified, and predicted contributions to butyrate synthesis were ascertained. Bacterial alpha and beta diversity were similar between active vs quiescent mucosa. Butyrogenic taxa were significantly increased in quiescence, including Butyricimonas, Subdoligranulum, and Alistipes. Predicted butyrate kinase activity was significantly and concomitantly increased in quiescent mucosa. Fiber intake was positively correlated with butyrogenic microbes. Compared to mucosal bacterial prevalence, mucosal fungi were detected in low prevalence. Butyrogenic microbes are relatively increased in quiescent mucosa in ulcerative colitis, and may be related to increased fiber intake during quiescence. Manipulation of the mucosal microbiome towards butyrate-producing bacteria may be associated with endoscopic quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushrut Jangi
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Proger 3, Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - John Moyer
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Sandlow
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - May Fu
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah Chen
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ann Shum
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katie Hsia
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Cersosimo
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vladimir Yeliseyev
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naisi Zhao
- Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Ma, USA
| | - Lynn Bry
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dominique S Michaud
- Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Ma, USA
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7
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Wang ZH, Zhang GY, Sun C, Ning SX, Zhou DY, Song L. Targeting DSS-induced ulcerative colitis: evaluating the therapeutic potential of WPI-stachyose conjugates. Food Funct 2024; 15:96-109. [PMID: 38047401 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03598k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit of food-based alternatives to conventional therapies for ulcerative colitis (UC) demands immediate attention. In prior investigations, we synthesized WPI-stachyose conjugates through the Maillard reaction, identifying them as functional prebiotics. However, their impact on in vivo regulation of gut microbiota remains inadequately explored. To bridge this gap, we delved into the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of WPI-stachyose conjugates as prebiotic-functional components in C57BL/6J mice afflicted with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC. The treatment involving WPI-stachyose conjugates led to significant therapeutic advancements, evident in the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and restoration of gut microbiota composition. Noticeable enhancements were observed in UC-associated symptoms, including weight loss, colon length reduction, and tissue damage, notably improving in the treated mice. Remarkably, both the conjugates and the physical combination effectively lowered pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, with the conjugates demonstrating enhanced effectiveness. Furthermore, the simultaneous administration of WPI-stachyose conjugates further amplified the presence of beneficial bacteria and elevated short-chain fatty acids, acknowledged for their favorable impact across various conditions. These findings underscore the potential therapeutic application of WPI-stachyose conjugates in addressing DSS-induced UC, offering insights into innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Han Wang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Marine Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Guang-Yao Zhang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Marine Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Cong Sun
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Marine Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Shu-Xin Ning
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Marine Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Da-Yong Zhou
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Marine Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Liang Song
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Marine Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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8
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Alula KM, Dowdell AS, LeBere B, Lee JS, Levens CL, Kuhn KA, Kaipparettu BA, Thompson WE, Blumberg RS, Colgan SP, Theiss AL. Interplay of gut microbiota and host epithelial mitochondrial dysfunction is necessary for the development of spontaneous intestinal inflammation in mice. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:256. [PMID: 37978573 PMCID: PMC10655390 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) mitochondrial dysfunction involvement in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease affecting the small intestine, is emerging in recent studies. As the interface between the self and the gut microbiota, IECs serve as hubs of bidirectional cross-talk between host and luminal microbiota. However, the role of mitochondrial-microbiota interaction in the ileum is largely unexplored. Prohibitin 1 (PHB1), a chaperone protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane required for optimal electron transport chain function, is decreased during IBD. We previously demonstrated that mice deficient in PHB1 specifically in IECs (Phb1i∆IEC) exhibited mitochondrial impairment, Paneth cell defects, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and spontaneous inflammation in the ileum (ileitis). Mice deficient in PHB1 in Paneth cells (epithelial secretory cells of the small intestine; Phb1∆PC) also exhibited mitochondrial impairment, Paneth cell defects, and spontaneous ileitis. Here, we determined whether this phenotype is driven by Phb1 deficiency-associated ileal microbiota alterations or direct effects of loss of PHB1 in host IECs. RESULTS Depletion of gut microbiota by broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment in Phb1∆PC or Phb1i∆IEC mice revealed a necessary role of microbiota to cause ileitis. Using germ-free mice colonized with ileal microbiota from Phb1-deficient mice, we show that this microbiota could not independently induce ileitis without host mitochondrial dysfunction. The luminal microbiota phenotype of Phb1i∆IEC mice included a loss of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate. Supplementation of butyrate in Phb1-deficient mice ameliorated Paneth cell abnormalities and ileitis. Phb1-deficient ileal enteroid models suggest deleterious epithelial-intrinsic responses to ileal microbiota that were protected by butyrate. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a mutual and essential reinforcing interplay of gut microbiota and host IEC, including Paneth cell, mitochondrial health in influencing ileitis. Restoration of butyrate is a potential therapeutic option in Crohn's disease patients harboring epithelial cell mitochondrial dysfunction. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibrom M Alula
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19Th Avenue, RC2 Campus Box BB158 HSC, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Alexander S Dowdell
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19Th Avenue, RC2 Campus Box BB158 HSC, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Brittany LeBere
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19Th Avenue, RC2 Campus Box BB158 HSC, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - J Scott Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19Th Avenue, RC2 Campus Box BB158 HSC, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Cassandra L Levens
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kristine A Kuhn
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Benny A Kaipparettu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Winston E Thompson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19Th Avenue, RC2 Campus Box BB158 HSC, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Arianne L Theiss
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19Th Avenue, RC2 Campus Box BB158 HSC, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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9
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Xia X, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Ying Y, Hao W, Wang L, He L, Zhao D, Chen JX, Gao Y, Huang JQ. Liquiritin apioside alleviates colonic inflammation and accompanying depression-like symptoms in colitis by gut metabolites and the balance of Th17/Treg. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 120:155039. [PMID: 37672855 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a significant global health concern that can lead to depression in affected patients. Liquiritin apioside (LA) possesses anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its anti-inflammatory mechanism in IBD has not been extensively studied. PURPOSE This study elucidates the pivotal role of LA in alleviating inflammation by regulating gut metabiota-derived metabolites and evaluating its regulative effects on promoting a balance of Th17/Treg cells in colitis mice. METHODS To evaluate the effect of LA on IBD,16S rRNA gene sequencing and UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis were used to identify the changes of intestinal bacteria and their metabolites. Cytokines levels were determined by ELISA and qPCR, while immune cell ratios were evaluated via flow cytometry. RESULTS Our findings revealed that LA treatment ameliorated general states of DSS-induced colitis mice and their accompanying depressive behaviors. Moreover, LA restricted the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and revised the imbalanced Treg/Th17 differentiation, while promoting SCFAs production in inflamed colon tissues. Fecal microbiota transplantation from LA-fed mice also corrected the imbalanced Treg/Th17 differentiation, indicating that LA-mediated restoration of the colonic Treg/Th17 balance mainly depends on the changes in gut metabolites. CONCLUSION These results provide scientific evidence explaining the apparent paradox of low bioavailability and high bioactivity in polyphenols, and suggesting that LA could be used as a potential dietary supplement for the prevention and improvement of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichun Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Leqing Zhu
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yin Ying
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenzhi Hao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liangliang He
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Danyue Zhao
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Research Center for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yunfei Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Jun-Qing Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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10
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Yan D, Ye S, He Y, Wang S, Xiao Y, Xiang X, Deng M, Luo W, Chen X, Wang X. Fatty acids and lipid mediators in inflammatory bowel disease: from mechanism to treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1286667. [PMID: 37868958 PMCID: PMC10585177 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1286667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Though the pathogenesis of IBD remains unclear, diet is increasingly recognized as a pivotal factor influencing its onset and progression. Fatty acids, essential components of dietary lipids, play diverse roles in IBD, ranging from anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory functions to gut-microbiota modulation and barrier maintenance. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), products of indigestible dietary fiber fermentation by gut microbiota, have strong anti-inflammatory properties and are seen as key protective factors against IBD. Among long-chain fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids exhibit pro-inflammatory effects, while oleic acid and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids display anti-inflammatory actions. Lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids serve as bioactive molecules, influencing immune cell functions and offering both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory benefits. Recent research has also highlighted the potential of medium- and very long-chain fatty acids in modulating inflammation, mucosal barriers, and gut microbiota in IBD. Given these insights, dietary intervention and supplementation with short-chain fatty acids are emerging as potential therapeutic strategies for IBD. This review elucidates the impact of various fatty acids and lipid mediators on IBD and delves into potential therapeutic avenues stemming from these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuyu Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sidan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minzi Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiwei Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuejie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
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11
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Trefond L, Billard E, Pereira B, Richard D, Vazeille E, Bonnet R, Barnich N, Andre M. Host-microbiota relationship in the pathophysiology of aseptic abscess syndrome: protocol for a multicentre case-control study (ABSCESSBIOT). BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073776. [PMID: 37541750 PMCID: PMC10407381 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aseptic abscess (AA) syndrome is a rare disease whose pathophysiology is unknown. It is often associated with inflammatory bowel disease and characterised by sterile inflammation with collections of neutrophils affecting several organs, especially the spleen. Microbiota are known to influence local and systemic immune responses, and both gut and oral microbiota perturbations have been reported in diseases associated with AA syndrome. However, interactions between these factors have never been studied in AA syndrome. The purpose of this translational case-control study (ABSCESSBIOT) is to investigate gut and/or oral microbiota in patients with AA syndrome compared with healthy controls. Moreover, microbiota associated metabolites quantification and Treg/Th17 balance characterisation will give a mechanistic insight on how microbiota may be involved in the pathophysiology of AA syndrome. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This French multicentre case-control study including 30 French centres (University hospital or regional hospital) aims to prospectively enrol 30 patients with AA syndrome with 30 matched controls and to analyse microbiota profiling (in stools and saliva), microbial metabolites quantification in stools and circulating CD4+ T cell populations. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study protocol was reviewed and approved by an independent French regional review board (n° 2017-A03499-44, Comité de Protection des Personnes Ile de France 1) on 10 October 2022, and declared to the competent French authority (Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament et des produits de santé, France). Oral and written informed consent will be obtained from each included patient and the control participant. Study results will be reported to the scientific community at conferences and in peer-reviewed scientific journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Clinical Trials web-based platform (NCT05537909).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Trefond
- Inserm U1071, M2iSH, USC-INRA 1382, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
- Médecine Interne, CHU Gabriel Montpied, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Elisabeth Billard
- Inserm U1071, M2iSH, USC-INRA 1382, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit (DRCI), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Damien Richard
- Service de Pharmacologie médicale, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emilie Vazeille
- Inserm U1071, M2iSH, USC-INRA 1382, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Richard Bonnet
- Inserm U1071, M2iSH, USC-INRA 1382, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Inserm U1071, M2iSH, USC-INRA 1382, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Marc Andre
- Inserm U1071, M2iSH, USC-INRA 1382, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
- Médecine Interne, CHU Gabriel Montpied, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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12
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Satish S, Abu Y, Gomez D, Kumar Dutta R, Roy S. HIV, opioid use, and alterations to the gut microbiome: elucidating independent and synergistic effects. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156862. [PMID: 37168868 PMCID: PMC10164749 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The microbiome is essential to immune development, defense against pathogens, and modulation of inflammation. Microbial dysbiosis has been reported in various diseases including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and opioid use disorder (OUD). Notably, people living with HIV (PLWH) have been reported to both have higher rates of OUD and use opioids at higher rates than the general public. Thus, studying gut microbial alterations in people living with HIV and with OUD could elucidate mechanisms pertaining to how these conditions both shape and are shaped by the microbiome. However, to date few studies have investigated how HIV and OUD in combination impact the microbiome. Aim of review Here, we review previous studies outlining interactions between HIV, opioid use, and microbial dysbiosis and describe attempts to treat this dysbiosis with fecal microbial transplantation, probiotics, and dietary changes. Key scientific concepts of review While the limited number of studies prevent overgeneralizations; accumulating data suggest that HIV and opioid use together induce distinct alterations in the gut microbiome. Among the three existing preclinical studies of HIV and opioid use, two studies reported a decrease in Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, and one study reported a decrease in Muribaculaceae in the combined HIV and opioid group relative to HIV-alone, opioid-alone, or control groups. These bacteria are known to modulate immune function, decrease colonic inflammation, and maintain gut epithelial barrier integrity in healthy individuals. Accordingly, modulation of the gut microbiome to restore gut homeostasis may be attempted to improve both conditions. While mixed results exist regarding treating dysbiosis with microbial restoration in PLWH or in those with opioid dependency, larger well-defined studies that can improve microbial engraftment in hosts hold much promise and should still be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Satish
- Department of Medical Education, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Yaa Abu
- Department of Medical Education, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Daniel Gomez
- Department of Medical Education, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Rajib Kumar Dutta
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Sabita Roy
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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13
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López Nadal A, Boekhorst J, Lute C, van den Berg F, Schorn MA, Bergen Eriksen T, Peggs D, McGurk C, Sipkema D, Kleerebezem M, Wiegertjes GF, Brugman S. Omics and imaging combinatorial approach reveals butyrate-induced inflammatory effects in the zebrafish gut. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:15. [PMID: 36869372 PMCID: PMC9985269 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prebiotic feed additives aim to improve gut health by influencing the microbiota and the gut barrier. Most studies on feed additives concentrate on one or two (monodisciplinary) outcome parameters, such as immunity, growth, microbiota or intestinal architecture. A combinatorial and comprehensive approach to disclose the complex and multifaceted effects of feed additives is needed to understand their underlying mechanisms before making health benefit claims. Here, we used juvenile zebrafish as a model species to study effects of feed additives by integrating gut microbiota composition data and host gut transcriptomics with high-throughput quantitative histological analysis. Zebrafish received either control, sodium butyrate or saponin-supplemented feed. Butyrate-derived components such as butyric acid or sodium butyrate have been widely used in animal feeds due to their immunostimulant properties, thereby supporting intestinal health. Soy saponin is an antinutritional factor from soybean meal that promotes inflammation due to its amphipathic nature. RESULTS We observed distinct microbial profiles associated with each diet, discovering that butyrate (and saponin to a lesser extent) affected gut microbial composition by reducing the degree of community-structure (co-occurrence network analysis) compared to controls. Analogously, butyrate and saponin supplementation impacted the transcription of numerous canonical pathways compared to control-fed fish. For example, both butyrate and saponin increased the expression of genes associated with immune response and inflammatory response, as well as oxidoreductase activity, compared to controls. Furthermore, butyrate decreased the expression of genes associated with histone modification, mitotic processes and G-coupled receptor activity. High-throughput quantitative histological analysis depicted an increase of eosinophils and rodlet cells in the gut tissue of fish receiving butyrate after one week of feeding and a depletion of mucus-producing cells after 3 weeks of feeding this diet. Combination of all datasets indicated that in juvenile zebrafish, butyrate supplementation increases the immune and the inflammatory response to a greater extent than the established inflammation-inducing anti-nutritional factor saponin. Such comprehensive analysis was supplemented by in vivo imaging of neutrophil and macrophage transgenic reporter zebrafish (mpeg1:mCherry/mpx:eGFPi114) larvae. Upon exposure to butyrate and saponin, these larvae displayed a dose-dependent increase of neutrophils and macrophages in the gut area. CONCLUSION The omics and imaging combinatorial approach provided an integrated evaluation of the effect of butyrate on fish gut health and unraveled inflammatory-like features not previously reported that question the usage of butyrate supplementation to enhance fish gut health under basal conditions. The zebrafish model, due to its unique advantages, provides researchers with an invaluable tool to investigate effects of feed components on fish gut health throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià López Nadal
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands ,grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands ,grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Boekhorst
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien Lute
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank van den Berg
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle A. Schorn
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - David Peggs
- Skretting Aquaculture Innovation, Stavanger, Norway
| | | | - Detmer Sipkema
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert F. Wiegertjes
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Brugman
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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14
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Lee C, Kim S, Kim B, Holzapfel WH, Hyun CK. Disturbance of lipid metabolism in germ-free mice transplanted with gut microbiota of DSS-induced colitis mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280850. [PMID: 36735734 PMCID: PMC9897547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatobiliary abnormality and metabolic disorders are frequently observed complications in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Given that microbiota dysbiosis is a common pathophysiological feature of both IBD and metabolic diseases, we examined how the IBD-induced dysbiosis affects the host metabolism and contributes to the development of associated metabolic diseases using germ-free (GF) mice transplanted with fecal microbiota of DSS-induced colitis mice. There was no significant change in inflammation or barrier integrity in the gut of GF mice that received microbiota from colitis mice compared to their counterparts that were transplanted with microbiota from non-colitis healthy mice. Interestingly, it was observed that the GF recipients of colitis-induced altered microbiota showed a significant decrease in the weight of adipose tissues including mesenteric, epididymal, subcutaneous, and brown fat without any change in body weight, which was accompanied by abnormalities in adipose tissue functions such as fat storage and adiponectin production. Transplantation of colitis-induced altered microbiota also disrupted hepatic lipid metabolism in the GF recipient mice, which was observed by increases in synthesis and accumulation of cholesterol and bile acids in hepatocytes and a decrease in plasma HDL-cholesterol. Additional observations including elevated plasma levels of insulin, decreased hepatic production of FGF21, and decreased levels of fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and hepatic expression of SCFA receptors led to a conclusion that the transplantation of the colitis-associated dysbiotic microbiota was causally associated with impairments of insulin action and FGF21-adiponectin axis, possibly due to the low SCFA-producing capacity of the colonized microbiota, leading to metabolic abnormalities including adipose tissue dysfunction and dysregulated hepatic lipid metabolism. Our findings suggest potential mechanisms that explain how colitis-associated gut dysbiosis may contribute to the development of metabolic dysfunctions, which could be applied to clinical practice to improve the efficacy of treatment of IBD patients with comorbid metabolic disorders or vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungho Lee
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - SangAh Kim
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Bobae Kim
- Basic Research Center, HEM Pharma Inc., Pohang, Gyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Wilhelm H. Holzapfel
- Basic Research Center, HEM Pharma Inc., Pohang, Gyungbuk, Republic of Korea,Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kee Hyun
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, Republic of Korea,* E-mail:
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15
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Hiseni P, Snipen L, Wilson RC, Furu K, Hegge FT, Rudi K. Prediction of high fecal propionate-to-butyrate ratios using 16S rRNA-based detection of bacterial groups with liquid array diagnostics. Biotechniques 2023; 74:9-21. [PMID: 36601888 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2022-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Butyrate and propionate represent two of three main short-chain fatty acids produced by the intestinal microbiota. In healthy populations, their levels are reportedly equimolar, whereas a deviation in their ratio has been observed in various diseased cohorts. Monitoring such a ratio represents a valuable metric; however, it remains a challenge to adopt short-chain fatty acid detection techniques in clinical settings because of the volatile nature of these acids. Here we aimed to estimate short-chain fatty acid information indirectly through a novel, simple quantitative PCR-compatible assay (liquid array diagnostics) targeting a limited number of microbiome 16S markers. Utilizing 15 liquid array diagnostics probes to target microbiome markers selected by a model that combines partial least squares and linear discriminant analysis, the classes (normal vs high propionate-to-butyrate ratio) separated at a threshold of 2.6 with a prediction accuracy of 96%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranvera Hiseni
- Genetic Analysis AS, Kabelgata 8, Oslo, 0580, Norway.,Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology & Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, Aas, 1432, Norway
| | - Lars Snipen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology & Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, Aas, 1432, Norway
| | - Robert C Wilson
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 400 Vestad, Elverum, 2418, Norway
| | - Kari Furu
- Genetic Analysis AS, Kabelgata 8, Oslo, 0580, Norway
| | | | - Knut Rudi
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology & Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, Aas, 1432, Norway.,Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 400 Vestad, Elverum, 2418, Norway
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16
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Liao X, Lan Y, Wang W, Zhang J, Shao R, Yin Z, Gudmundsson GH, Bergman P, Mai K, Ai Q, Wan M. Vitamin D influences gut microbiota and acetate production in zebrafish ( Danio rerio) to promote intestinal immunity against invading pathogens. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2187575. [PMID: 36879441 PMCID: PMC10012952 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2187575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although evidence has shown that vitamin D (VD) influences gut homeostasis, limited knowledge is available how VD regulates intestinal immunity against bacterial infection. In the present study, cyp2r1 mutant zebrafish, lacking the capacity to metabolize VD, and zebrafish fed a diet devoid of VD, were utilized as VD-deficient animal models. Our results confirmed that the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and IL-22 was restrained and the susceptibility to bacterial infection was increased in VD-deficient zebrafish. Furthermore, VD induced AMP expression in zebrafish intestine by activating IL-22 signaling, which was dependent on the microbiota. Further analysis uncovered that the abundance of the acetate-producer Cetobacterium in VD-deficient zebrafish was reduced compared to WT fish. Unexpectedly, VD promoted the growth and acetate production of Cetobacterium somerae under culture in vitro. Importantly, acetate treatment rescued the suppressed expression of β-defensins in VD-deficient zebrafish. Finally, neutrophils contributed to VD-induced AMP expression in zebrafish. In conclusion, our study elucidated that VD modulated gut microbiota composition and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in zebrafish intestine, leading to enhanced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmeng Liao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yawen Lan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Rui Shao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Gudmundur H Gudmundsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Peter Bergman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,The Immunodeficiency Unit, Infectious Disease Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Pilot National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Pilot National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Wan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Pilot National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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17
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Treatment with butyrate alleviates dextran sulfate sodium and Clostridium difficile-induced colitis by preventing activity of Th17 cells via regulation of SIRT1/mTOR in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 111:109155. [PMID: 36162566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are particularly vulnerable to infection with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI).Available treatments of IBD with CDI have not effective. Butyrate, the metabolites of microbiota, plays a vital role in maintaining immune homeostasis and potential drugs for treatment of IBD with CDI. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of butyrate on IBD with CDI. Mice were given dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and were infected with C. difficile (CD). Butyrate was treated during the study period. Butyrate protected from DSS+CD induced colitis by improving weight loss, survival, colon shorten, activity index score, and suppressing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, IL-1β as well as regulating Th17/Treg balance through activation of SIRT1/mTOR. Besides, SR1001, an inhitor of the orphan nuclear receptors retinoic acid-related receptor γt, which is a transcription factor specific to the formation of Th17 cells can suppress the Th17 development and alleviate the DSS+CD induced colitis in mice. Notably, the therapeutic effect of butyrate was revered when disease mice treated with butyrate and Ex-527, a SIRT1 inhibitor. Taken together, we demonstrate that butyrate alleviates dextran sulfate sodium and clostridium difficile induced colitis by preventing Th17 through activation of SIRT1/mTOR.
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18
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Xiao R, Chen H, Han H, Luo G, Lin Y. The in vitro fermentation of compound oral liquid by human colonic microbiota altered the abundance of probiotics and short-chain fatty acid production. RSC Adv 2022; 12:30076-30084. [PMID: 36329942 PMCID: PMC9585530 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05053f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound oral liquid (COL), made from functional herbal foods, has gained immense popularity in China for healthcare. However, the interaction between the nutrients in COL and gut microbiota is still unclear. In our study, the content of total flavonoids, polyphenols, and proteins was increased and the total sugar reduced by crushing raw ingredients to 10 mesh (COL-C). After 24 h incubation with supplemented COL by human gut microbiota, the results of 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing revealed that Faecalibacterium, Collinsella, Bifidobacterium, Megamonas, Lactobacillus, Phascolarctobacterium, and Dialister were enriched by COL. In particular, the latter three genera were observed to be significantly enriched after incubation with COL-C. Meanwhile, the abundance of Dorea, Clostridium XIVa, and Escherichia/Shigella was inhibited by COL. Moreover, the increased levels of acetate, propionate, and butyrate in COL were jointly contributed by supplementary carbohydrates and the enrichment of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. In summary, our results indicated that the optimized extraction facilitated the nutrients to be dissolved out and enhanced the potential prebiotic effects for promoting the abundance of probiotics, suggesting that the nutrients in COL-C might improve the microbial structure by strengthening the metabolism of beneficial bacteria and restricting the conditioned pathogens more efficiently. The crushing pretreatment before extraction facilitated the nutrients to dissolve in compound oral liquid and enhanced the prebiotic effects for promoting the abundance of probiotics and short-chain fatty acid synthesis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiming Xiao
- South China University of Technology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China .,South China University of Technology, Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhang Chen
- South China University of Technology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China .,South China University of Technology, Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbei Han
- South China University of Technology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China .,South China University of Technology, Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Guangjuan Luo
- South China University of Technology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China .,South China University of Technology, Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Lin
- South China University of Technology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China .,South China University of Technology, Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
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19
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Ravichandar JD, Rutherford E, Chow CET, Han A, Yamamoto ML, Narayan N, Kaplan GG, Beck PL, Claesson MJ, Dabbagh K, Iwai S, DeSantis TZ. Strain level and comprehensive microbiome analysis in inflammatory bowel disease via multi-technology meta-analysis identifies key bacterial influencers of disease. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:961020. [PMID: 36312950 PMCID: PMC9614153 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.961020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a heterogenous disease in which the microbiome has been shown to play an important role. However, the precise homeostatic or pathological functions played by bacteria remain unclear. Most published studies report taxa-disease associations based on single-technology analysis of a single cohort, potentially biasing results to one clinical protocol, cohort, and molecular analysis technology. To begin to address this key question, precise identification of the bacteria implicated in IBD across cohorts is necessary. Methods We sought to take advantage of the numerous and diverse studies characterizing the microbiome in IBD to develop a multi-technology meta-analysis (MTMA) as a platform for aggregation of independently generated datasets, irrespective of DNA-profiling technique, in order to uncover the consistent microbial modulators of disease. We report the largest strain-level survey of IBD, integrating microbiome profiles from 3,407 samples from 21 datasets spanning 15 cohorts, three of which are presented for the first time in the current study, characterized using three DNA-profiling technologies, mapping all nucleotide data against known, culturable strain reference data. Results We identify several novel IBD associations with culturable strains that have so far remained elusive, including two genome-sequenced but uncharacterized Lachnospiraceae strains consistently decreased in both the gut luminal and mucosal contents of patients with IBD, and demonstrate that these strains are correlated with inflammation-related pathways that are known mechanisms targeted for treatment. Furthermore, comparative MTMA at the species versus strain level reveals that not all significant strain associations resulted in a corresponding species-level significance and conversely significant species associations are not always re-captured at the strain level. Conclusion We propose MTMA for uncovering experimentally testable strain-disease associations that, as demonstrated here, are beneficial in discovering mechanisms underpinning microbiome impact on disease or novel targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrew Han
- Second Genome Inc., Brisbane, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Gilaad G. Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul L. Beck
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Shoko Iwai
- Second Genome Inc., Brisbane, CA, United States
| | - Todd Z. DeSantis
- Second Genome Inc., Brisbane, CA, United States
- Todd Z. DeSantis,
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20
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Macrophage immunometabolism in inflammatory bowel diseases: From pathogenesis to therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 238:108176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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Štofilová J, Kvaková M, Kamlárová A, Hijová E, Bertková I, Guľašová Z. Probiotic-Based Intervention in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: Conventional and New Approaches. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2236. [PMID: 36140337 PMCID: PMC9496552 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are number of available therapies for ulcerative colitis (UC), many patients are unresponsive to these treatments or experience secondary failure during treatment. Thus, the development of new therapies or alternative strategies with minimal side effects is inevitable. Strategies targeting dysbiosis of gut microbiota have been tested in the management of UC due to the unquestionable role of gut microbiota in the etiology of UC. Advanced molecular analyses of gut microbiomes revealed evident dysbiosis in UC patients, characterized by a reduced biodiversity of commensal microbiota. Administration of conventional probiotic strains is a commonly applied approach in the management of the disease to modify the gut microbiome, improve intestinal barrier integrity and function, and maintain a balanced immune response. However, conventional probiotics do not always provide the expected health benefits to a patient. Their benefits vary significantly, depending on the type and stage of the disease and the strain and dose of the probiotics administered. Their mechanism of action is also strain-dependent. Recently, new candidates for potential next-generation probiotics have been discovered. This could bring to light new approaches in the restoration of microbiome homeostasis and in UC treatment in a targeted manner. The aim of this paper is to provide an updated review on the current options of probiotic-based therapies, highlight the effective conventional probiotic strains, and outline the future possibilities of next-generation probiotic and postbiotic supplementation and fecal microbiota transplantation in the management of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Štofilová
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
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22
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Zhang L, Xiong S, Jin F, Zhou F, Zhou H, Guo J, Wen C, Huang B. Global trends in intestinal flora and ulcerative colitis research during the past 10 years: A bibliometric analysis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1003905. [PMID: 36160215 PMCID: PMC9490179 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1003905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, and intestinal flora plays an important role in ulcerative colitis. In this study, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of publications in the field of intestinal flora and ulcerative colitis research in the past 10 years to summarize the current status of the field and analyze the trends in the field. Methods On July 15, 2022, we chose the Web of Science Core Collection database as the study’s data source. CiteSpace.5.8.R3 and VOSviewer 1.6.17 were used to examine publications of research on intestinal flora and ulcerative colitis that were published between 2012 and 2021. We looked through the papers for journals, organizations, nations and regions, authors, and key terms. Results This analysis covered a total of 2,763 papers on studies into intestinal flora and ulcerative colitis. There were 13,913 authors, 93 nations, 3,069 organizations, and 759 journals in all of the articles. In the USA, 767 publications were the most. The university with the most publications was Harvard Medical School. The author with the most articles was Antonio Gasbarrini. Conclusion This study summarizes the global research trends in intestinal flora and ulcerative colitis. Publications in this field have increased year by year in the last decade and the field of research on intestinal flora and ulcerative colitis has good prospects for growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuai Xiong
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengchen Jin
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Hongjun Zhou
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhong Guo
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhong Guo,
| | - Chuanbiao Wen
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Chuanbiao Wen,
| | - Biao Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Biao Huang,
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23
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Jourova L, Satka S, Frybortova V, Zapletalova I, Anzenbacher P, Anzenbacherova E, Hermanova PP, Drabonova B, Srutkova D, Kozakova H, Hudcovic T. Butyrate Treatment of DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Affects the Hepatic Drug Metabolism in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:936013. [PMID: 35928257 PMCID: PMC9343805 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.936013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with alterations in the gut microbiota. There is currently no universal treatment for this disease, thus emphasizing the importance of developing innovative therapeutic approaches. Gut microbiome-derived metabolite butyrate with its well-known anti-inflammatory effect in the gut is a promising candidate. Due to increased intestinal permeability during IBD, butyrate may also reach the liver and influence liver physiology, including hepatic drug metabolism. To get an insight into this reason, the aim of this study was set to clarify not only the protective effects of the sodium butyrate (SB) administration on colonic inflammation but also the effects of SB on hepatic drug metabolism in experimental colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mice. It has been shown here that the butyrate pre-treatment can alleviate gut inflammation and reduce the leakiness of colonic epithelium by restoration of the assembly of tight-junction protein Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in mice with DSS-induced colitis. In this article, butyrate along with inflammation has also been shown to affect the expression and enzyme activity of selected cytochromes P450 (CYPs) in the liver of mice. In this respect, CYP3A enzymes may be very sensitive to gut microbiome-targeted interventions, as significant changes in CYP3A expression and activity in response to DSS-induced colitis and/or butyrate treatment have also been observed. With regard to medications used in IBD and microbiota-targeted therapeutic approaches, it is important to deepen our knowledge of the effect of gut inflammation, and therapeutic interventions were followed concerning the ability of the organism to metabolize drugs. This gut–liver axis, mediated through inflammation as well as microbiome-derived metabolites, may affect the response to IBD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Jourova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Lenka Jourova,
| | - Stefan Satka
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Veronika Frybortova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Iveta Zapletalova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Pavel Anzenbacher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Eva Anzenbacherova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Petra Petr Hermanova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czechia
| | - Barbora Drabonova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czechia
| | - Dagmar Srutkova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czechia
| | - Hana Kozakova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czechia
| | - Tomas Hudcovic
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czechia
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24
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Cortes GM, Marcialis MA, Bardanzellu F, Corrias A, Fanos V, Mussap M. Inflammatory Bowel Disease and COVID-19: How Microbiomics and Metabolomics Depict Two Sides of the Same Coin. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:856165. [PMID: 35391730 PMCID: PMC8981987 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.856165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the gastrointestinal tract structure and function is seriously compromised by two pathological conditions sharing, at least in part, several pathogenetic mechanisms: inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. IBD and COVID-19 are marked by gut inflammation, intestinal barrier breakdown, resulting in mucosal hyperpermeability, gut bacterial overgrowth, and dysbiosis together with perturbations in microbial and human metabolic pathways originating changes in the blood and fecal metabolome. This review compared the most relevant metabolic and microbial alterations reported from the literature in patients with IBD with those in patients with COVID-19. In both diseases, gut dysbiosis is marked by the prevalence of pro-inflammatory bacterial species and the shortfall of anti-inflammatory species; most studies reported the decrease in Firmicutes, with a specific decrease in obligately anaerobic producers short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. In addition, Escherichia coli overgrowth has been observed in IBD and COVID-19, while Akkermansia muciniphila is depleted in IBD and overexpressed in COVID-19. In patients with COVID-19, gut dysbiosis continues after the clearance of the viral RNA from the upper respiratory tract and the resolution of clinical symptoms. Finally, we presented and discussed the impact of gut dysbiosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and increased energy demand on metabolic pathways involving key metabolites, such as tryptophan, phenylalanine, histidine, glutamine, succinate, citrate, and lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Mario Cortes
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Marcialis
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Flaminia Bardanzellu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Angelica Corrias
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Michele Mussap
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
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25
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Zheng L, Wen XL, Duan SL. Role of metabolites derived from gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:2660-2677. [PMID: 35434116 PMCID: PMC8968818 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i9.2660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, it is improved gut microbiota plays an important role in the health and disease pathogenesis. Metabolites, small molecules produced as intermediate or end products of microbial metabolism, is considered as one of the major interaction way for gut microbiota with the host. Bacterial metabolisms of dietary substrates, modification of host molecules or bacteria are the major source of metabolites. Signals from microbial metabolites affect immune maturation and homeostasis, host energy metabolism as well as mucosal integrity maintenance. Based on many researches, the composition and function of the microbiota can be changed, which is also seen in the metabolite profiles of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Additionally, some specific classes of metabolites also can trigger IBD. In this paper, definition of the key classes of microbial-derived metabolites which are changed in IBD, description of the pathophysiological basis of association and identification of the precision therapeutic modulation in the future are the major contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin-Li Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sheng-Lei Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
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26
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Zheng L, Wen XL, Duan SL. Role of metabolites derived from gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:2658-2675. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i9.2658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, it is improved gut microbiota plays an important role in the health and disease pathogenesis. Metabolites, small molecules produced as intermediate or end products of microbial metabolism, is considered as one of the major interaction way for gut microbiota with the host. Bacterial metabolisms of dietary substrates, modification of host molecules or bacteria are the major source of metabolites. Signals from microbial metabolites affect immune maturation and homeostasis, host energy metabolism as well as mucosal integrity maintenance. Based on many researches, the composition and function of the microbiota can be changed, which is also seen in the metabolite profiles of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Additionally, some specific classes of metabolites also can trigger IBD. In this paper, definition of the key classes of microbial-derived metabolites which are changed in IBD, description of the pathophysiological basis of association and identification of the precision therapeutic modulation in the future are the major contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin-Li Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sheng-Lei Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
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27
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Li L, Li W, Yang L, Cheng L, Li Z, Li C, Hong Y, Gu Z. Butyl Group Distribution, Intestinal Digestion, and Colonic Fermentation Characteristics of Different Butyrylated Starches. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3289-3299. [PMID: 35258968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite being a promising butyrate carrier, butyrylated starch remains poorly understood in terms of the correlation between starch structure and fermentation characteristics. Herein, three butyrylated starches derived from different botanical sources were prepared with a similar degree of substitution. Raman microscopy and water contact angle analysis suggested that a relatively large proportion of butyl group substitutions occurred within the interior of butyrylated waxy maize starch (B-WMS) granules. In vitro digestion results showed that branch points provided butyl groups with a specific protection from enzymatic hydrolysis, whereas butyl groups significantly increased the resistant starch content of butyrylated starch. Moreover, the porous morphology with less distributed butyl groups on the granular surface contributed to a faster fermentation rate in B-WMS. The current study reveals the influence of botanical origin on butyl group distribution, which in turn plays a pivotal role in regulating the intestinal digestion and colonic fermentation of butyrylated starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjin Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lihong Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Caiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhengbiao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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28
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Liang L, Liu L, Zhou W, Yang C, Mai G, Li H, Chen Y. Gut microbiota-derived butyrate regulates gut mucus barrier repair by activating the macrophage/WNT/ERK signaling pathway. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:291-307. [PMID: 35194640 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is majorly associated with dysregulation of the dynamic cross-talk among microbial metabolites, intestinal epithelial cells, and macrophages. Several studies have reported the significant role of butyrate in host-microbiota communication. However, whether butyrate provides anti-inflammatory profiles in macrophages, thus contributing to UC intestinal mucus barrier protection, has currently remained elusive. In the current study, we found that butyrate increased mucin production and the proportion of mucin-secreting goblet cells in the colon crypt in a macrophage-dependent manner by using clodronate liposomes. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro studies were conducted, validating that butyrate facilitates M2 macrophage polarization with the elevated expressions of CD206 and arginase-1 (Arg1). In macrophages/goblet-like LS174T cells co-culture systems, butyrate-primed M2 macrophages significantly enhanced the expression of mucin-2 (MUC2) and SPDEF (goblet cell marker genes) than butyrate alone, while blockade of WNTs secretion or ERK1/2 activation significantly decreased the beneficial effect of butyrate-primed macrophages on goblet cell function. Additionally, the adoptive transfer of butyrate-induced M2 macrophages facilitated the generation of goblet cells and mucus restoration following dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) insult. Taken together, our results revealed a novel mediator of macrophage-goblet cell cross-talk associated with the regulation of epithelial barrier integrity, implying that the microbial metabolite butyrate may serve as a candidate therapeutic target for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Integrative Clinical Microecology Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanyan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenghai Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Integrative Clinical Microecology Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Genghui Mai
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haolin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Integrative Clinical Microecology Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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29
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Lai Y, Masatoshi H, Ma Y, Guo Y, Zhang B. Role of Vitamin K in Intestinal Health. Front Immunol 2022; 12:791565. [PMID: 35069573 PMCID: PMC8769504 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.791565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and colorectal cancer (CRC) generally characterized by clinical symptoms, including malabsorption, intestinal dysfunction, injury, and microbiome imbalance, as well as certain secondary intestinal disease complications, continue to be serious public health problems worldwide. The role of vitamin K (VK) on intestinal health has drawn growing interest in recent years. In addition to its role in blood coagulation and bone health, several investigations continue to explore the role of VK as an emerging novel biological compound with the potential function of improving intestinal health. This study aims to present a thorough review on the bacterial sources, intestinal absorption, uptake of VK, and VK deficiency in patients with intestinal diseases, with emphasis on the effect of VK supplementation on immunity, anti-inflammation, intestinal microbes and its metabolites, antioxidation, and coagulation, and promoting epithelial development. Besides, VK-dependent proteins (VKDPs) are another crucial mechanism for VK to exert a gastroprotection role for their functions of anti-inflammation, immunomodulation, and anti-tumorigenesis. In summary, published studies preliminarily show that VK presents a beneficial effect on intestinal health and may be used as a therapeutic drug to prevent/treat intestinal diseases, but the specific mechanism of VK in intestinal health has yet to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hori Masatoshi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yanbo Ma
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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30
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) arise from a convergence of genetic risk, environmental factors, and gut microbiota, where each is necessary but not sufficient to cause disease. Emerging evidence supports a bidirectional relationship between disease progression and changes in microbiota membership and function. Thus, the study of the gut microbiome and host-microbe interactions should provide critical insights into disease pathogenesis as well as leads for developing microbiome-based diagnostics and interventions for IBD. In this article, we review the most recent advances in understanding the relationship between the gut microbiota and IBD and highlight the importance of going beyond establishing description and association to gain mechanistic insights into causes and consequences of IBD. The review aims to contextualize recent findings to form conceptional frameworks for understanding the etiopathogenesis of IBD and for the future development of microbiome-based diagnostics and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shan
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA;
| | - Mirae Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA; .,Committee on Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA; .,Committee on Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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31
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Yoon H, Park YS, Shin CM, Kim N, Lee DH. Gut Microbiome in Probable Intestinal Tuberculosis and Changes following Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment. Yonsei Med J 2022; 63:34-41. [PMID: 34913282 PMCID: PMC8688367 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2022.63.1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Information on the gut microbiome in patients with intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) and changes therein following anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) is lacking. We aimed to elucidate differences in stool microbiome between ITB patients and controls and to evaluate stool microbiome changes after ATT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eleven patients with probable ITB underwent ATT for 6 months, with stool samples collected at 0, 2, and 6 months. We performed next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA genes in stool bacteria and compared the gut microbiome. RESULTS Initially, the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia was higher (5.0% vs. <1%) and that of Proteobacteria was lower (<1% vs. 6.6%) in ITB patients than in controls. Higher numbers of butyrate-producing bacteria (Blautia and Roseburia) were noted in ITB patients. The alpha-diversity of stool microbiome of ITB patients was lower than that in controls (p=0.045). There was a significant difference in beta-diversity between the groups (p=0.001). At 6 months, the proportion of Verrucomicrobia decreased to <1%, while the proportion of Proteobacteria remained at <1%. CONCLUSION There were no significant differences in alpha- and beta-diversity in the stool microbiome at 0, 2, and 6 months after ATT. The stool microbiome composition of probable ITB patients was different from that of controls, and 6 months of ATT did not significantly affect it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lee JG, Lee J, Lee AR, Jo SV, Park CH, Han DS, Eun CS. Impact of short-chain fatty acid supplementation on gut inflammation and microbiota composition in a murine colitis model. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 101:108926. [PMID: 34848335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a pivotal role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. We aimed to investigate the effects of SCFA supplementation on gut inflammation and microbiota composition in a murine colitis model. Mice were fed with sodium butyrate or a mixture of SCFAs in the drinking water for 2 weeks, followed by 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 d. After euthanasia, mouse colons were extracted to examine histological findings. Flow cytometry of the mouse colon tissues was performed to assess T cell differentiation. Changes in gut microbiota were assessed by high-throughput sequencing of the mouse feces. There were no significant differences in weight change, colonic length, or histologic inflammation score between the DSS, butyrate, and SCFA mix groups. However, flow cytometry revealed that both the expression of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and of IL-17-producing T cells were increased in the butyrate and SCFA mix groups. Microbial compositions of the butyrate and SCFA mix groups were significantly different from those of the control and DSS groups in principal coordinate analysis. Relative abundances of the phyla Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria, species Akkermansia muciniphila and Escherichia fergusonii were increased in the butyrate and SCFA mix groups. Genera Roseburia and Lactobacillus showed a negative correlation with the degree of colitis, whereas genera Escherichia and Mucispirillum showed a positive correlation. SCFA supplementation did not result in a significant reduction in colon inflammation, but it promoted both regulatory T cell and IL-17-producing T cell expression, and increased both protective and aggressive gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Gon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - A-Reum Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Su Vin Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Chan Hyuk Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Chang Soo Eun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea.
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Wen S, He L, Zhong Z, Zhao R, Weng S, Mi H, Liu F. Stigmasterol Restores the Balance of Treg/Th17 Cells by Activating the Butyrate-PPARγ Axis in Colitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:741934. [PMID: 34691046 PMCID: PMC8526899 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.741934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with gut microbiota disequilibrium and regulatory T (Treg)/T helper 17 (Th17) immune imbalance. Stigmasterol, a plant-derived sterol, has shown anti-inflammatory effects. Our study aimed to identify the effects of stigmasterol on experimental colitis and the related mechanisms. Stigmasterol treatment restored the Treg/Th17 balance and altered the gut microbiota in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model. Transplantation of the faecal microbiota of stigmasterol-treated mice significantly alleviated inflammation. Additionally, stigmasterol treatment enhanced the production of gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly butyrate. Next, human naïve CD4+ T cells sorted from IBD patients were cultured under Treg- or Th17-polarizing conditions; butyrate supplementation increased the differentiation of Tregs and decreased Th17 cell differentiation. Mechanistically, butyrate activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and reprogrammed energy metabolism, thereby promoting Treg differentiation and inhibiting Th17 differentiation. Our results demonstrate that butyrate-mediated PPARγ activation restores the balance of Treg/Th17 cells, and this may be a possible mechanism, by which stigmasterol attenuates IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Wen
- The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long He
- The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuotai Zhong
- The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runyuan Zhao
- The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Senhui Weng
- The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Mi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengbin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Baiyun Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Centre, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Hyun CK. Molecular and Pathophysiological Links between Metabolic Disorders and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179139. [PMID: 34502047 PMCID: PMC8430512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable epidemiological evidence indicating comorbidity between metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, as well as common pathophysiological features shared by these two categories of diseases, the relationship between their pathogenesis at molecular levels are not well described. Intestinal barrier dysfunction is a characteristic pathological feature of IBD, which also plays causal roles in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory metabolic disorders. Increased intestinal permeability is associated with a pro-inflammatory response of the intestinal immune system, possibly leading to the development of both diseases. In addition, dysregulated interactions between the gut microbiota and the host immunity have been found to contribute to immune-mediated disorders including the two diseases. In connection with disrupted gut microbial composition, alterations in gut microbiota-derived metabolites have also been shown to be closely related to the pathogeneses of both diseases. Focusing on these prominent pathophysiological features observed in both metabolic disorders and IBD, this review highlights and summarizes the molecular risk factors that may link between the pathogeneses of the two diseases, which is aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying their comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kee Hyun
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Gyungbuk, Korea
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Qian Y, Lan F, Venturelli OS. Towards a deeper understanding of microbial communities: integrating experimental data with dynamic models. Curr Opin Microbiol 2021; 62:84-92. [PMID: 34098512 PMCID: PMC8286325 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microbial communities and their functions are shaped by complex networks of interactions among microbes and with their environment. While the critical roles microbial communities play in numerous environments have become increasingly appreciated, we have a very limited understanding of their interactions and how these interactions combine to generate community-level behaviors. This knowledge gap hinders our ability to predict community responses to perturbations and to design interventions that manipulate these communities to our benefit. Dynamic models are promising tools to address these questions. We review existing modeling techniques to construct dynamic models of microbial communities at different scales and suggest ways to leverage multiple types of models and data to facilitate our understanding and engineering of microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yili Qian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Freeman Lan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Ophelia S Venturelli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
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Dionizio A, Uyghurturk DA, Melo CGS, Sabino-Arias IT, Araujo TT, Ventura TMS, Perles JVCM, Zanoni JN, Den Besten P, Buzalaf MAR. Intestinal changes associated with fluoride exposure in rats: Integrative morphological, proteomic and microbiome analyses. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:129607. [PMID: 33508686 PMCID: PMC8076095 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms are the first signs of toxicity due to exposure to fluoride (F). This suggests the possibility that lower levels of subchronic F exposure may affect the gut. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the morphology, proteome and microbiome of the ileum of rats, after subchronic exposure to F. Male rats ingested water with 0, 10, or 50 mgF/L for thirty days. Treatment with F, regardless of the dose, significantly decreased the density of HuC/D-IR neurons, whereas CGRP-IR and SP-IR varicosities were significantly increased compared to the control group. Increased VIP-IR varicosities were significantly increased only in the group treated with 50 mgF/L. A significant increase in thickness of the tunica muscularis, as well as in the total thickness of the ileum wall was observed at both F doses when compared to controls. In proteomics analysis, myosin isoforms were increased, and Gastrotopin was decreased in F-exposed mice. In the microbiome metagenomics analysis, Class Clostridia was significantly reduced upon exposure to 10 mgF/L. At the higher F dose of 50 mg/L, genus Ureaplasma was significantly reduced in comparison with controls. Morphological and proteomics alterations induced by F were marked by changes associated with inflammation, and alterations in the gut microbiome. Further studies are needed to determine whether F exposure increases inflammation with secondary effects of the gut microbiome, and/or whether primary effects of F on the gut microbiome enhance changes associated with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Dionizio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Dawud Abduweli Uyghurturk
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | | | | | - Tamara Teodoro Araujo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Pamela Den Besten
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
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Gasaly N, de Vos P, Hermoso MA. Impact of Bacterial Metabolites on Gut Barrier Function and Host Immunity: A Focus on Bacterial Metabolism and Its Relevance for Intestinal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:658354. [PMID: 34122415 PMCID: PMC8187770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse and dynamic microbial community of the human gastrointestinal tract plays a vital role in health, with gut microbiota supporting the development and function of the gut immune barrier. Crosstalk between microbiota-gut epithelium and the gut immune system determine the individual health status, and any crosstalk disturbance may lead to chronic intestinal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and celiac disease. Microbiota-derived metabolites are crucial mediators of host-microbial interactions. Some beneficially affect host physiology such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and secondary bile acids. Also, tryptophan catabolites determine immune responses, such as through binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). AhR is abundantly present at mucosal surfaces and when activated enhances intestinal epithelial barrier function as well as regulatory immune responses. Exogenous diet-derived indoles (tryptophan) are a major source of endogenous AhR ligand precursors and together with SCFAs and secondary bile acids regulate inflammation by lowering stress in epithelium and gut immunity, and in IBD, AhR expression is downregulated together with tryptophan metabolites. Here, we present an overview of host microbiota-epithelium- gut immunity crosstalk and review how microbial-derived metabolites contribute to host immune homeostasis. Also, we discuss the therapeutic potential of bacterial catabolites for IBD and celiac disease and how essential dietary components such as dietary fibers and bacterial tryptophan catabolites may contribute to intestinal and systemic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naschla Gasaly
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marcela A Hermoso
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Matthews C, Cotter PD, O’ Mahony J. MAP, Johne's disease and the microbiome; current knowledge and future considerations. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:34. [PMID: 33962690 PMCID: PMC8105914 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the causative agent of Johne's disease in ruminants. As an infectious disease that causes reduced milk yields, effects fertility and, eventually, the loss of the animal, it is a huge financial burden for associated industries. Efforts to control MAP infection and Johne's disease are complicated due to difficulties of diagnosis in the early stages of infection and challenges relating to the specificity and sensitivity of current testing methods. The methods that are available contribute to widely used test and cull strategies, vaccination programmes also in place in some countries. Next generation sequencing technologies have opened up new avenues for the discovery of novel biomarkers for disease prediction within MAP genomes and within ruminant microbiomes. Controlling Johne's disease in herds can lead to improved animal health and welfare, in turn leading to increased productivity. With current climate change bills, such as the European Green Deal, targeting livestock production systems for more sustainable practices, managing animal health is now more important than ever before. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on genomics and detection of MAP as it pertains to Johne's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Matthews
- Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Co. Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc, Food Research Centre, Food Biosciences Department, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Teagasc, Food Research Centre, Food Biosciences Department, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Jim O’ Mahony
- Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Co. Cork, Ireland
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Aldars-García L, Chaparro M, Gisbert JP. Systematic Review: The Gut Microbiome and Its Potential Clinical Application in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050977. [PMID: 33946482 PMCID: PMC8147118 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing-remitting systemic disease of the gastrointestinal tract. It is well established that the gut microbiome has a profound impact on IBD pathogenesis. Our aim was to systematically review the literature on the IBD gut microbiome and its usefulness to provide microbiome-based biomarkers. A systematic search of the online bibliographic database PubMed from inception to August 2020 with screening in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted. One-hundred and forty-four papers were eligible for inclusion. There was a wide heterogeneity in microbiome analysis methods or experimental design. The IBD intestinal microbiome was generally characterized by reduced species richness and diversity, and lower temporal stability, while changes in the gut microbiome seemed to play a pivotal role in determining the onset of IBD. Multiple studies have identified certain microbial taxa that are enriched or depleted in IBD, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea. The two main features in this sense are the decrease in beneficial bacteria and the increase in pathogenic bacteria. Significant differences were also present between remission and relapse IBD status. Shifts in gut microbial community composition and abundance have proven to be valuable as diagnostic biomarkers. The gut microbiome plays a major role in IBD, yet studies need to go from casualty to causality. Longitudinal designs including newly diagnosed treatment-naïve patients are needed to provide insights into the role of microbes in the onset of intestinal inflammation. A better understanding of the human gut microbiome could provide innovative targets for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and even cure of this relevant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Aldars-García
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (L.A.-G.); (M.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Chaparro
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (L.A.-G.); (M.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier P. Gisbert
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (L.A.-G.); (M.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913-093-911; Fax: +34-915-204-013
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Fernandez-Julia PJ, Munoz-Munoz J, van Sinderen D. A comprehensive review on the impact of β-glucan metabolism by Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium species as members of the gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:877-889. [PMID: 33864864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
β-glucans are polysaccharides which can be obtained from different sources, and which have been described as potential prebiotics. The beneficial effects associated with β-glucan intake are that they reduce energy intake, lower cholesterol levels and support the immune system. Nevertheless, the mechanism(s) of action underpinning these health effects related to β-glucans are still unclear, and the precise impact of β-glucans on the gut microbiota has been subject to debate and revision. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances involving structurally different types of β-glucans as fermentable substrates for Bacteroidetes (mainly Bacteroides) and Bifidobacterium species as glycan degraders. Bacteroides is one of the most abundant bacterial components of the human gut microbiota, while bifidobacteria are widely employed as a probiotic ingredient. Both are generalist glycan degraders capable of using a wide range of substrates: Bacteroides spp. are specialized as primary degraders in the metabolism of complex carbohydrates, whereas Bifidobacterium spp. more commonly metabolize smaller glycans, in particular oligosaccharides, sometimes through syntrophic interactions with Bacteroides spp., in which they act as secondary degraders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J Fernandez-Julia
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Munoz-Munoz
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England, United Kingdom.
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- School of Microbiology & APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Dysbiosis in Metabolic Genes of the Gut Microbiomes of Patients with an Ileo-anal Pouch Resembles That Observed in Crohn's Disease. mSystems 2021; 6:6/2/e00984-20. [PMID: 33653942 PMCID: PMC8546988 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00984-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and pouchitis are multifactorial and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Pouchitis develops in former UC patients after proctocolectomy and ileal-pouch-anal anastomosis and is characterized by inflammation of the previously normal small intestine comprising the pouch. The extent to which microbial functional alteration (dysbiosis) in pouchitis resembles that of CD or UC has not been investigated, and the pathogenesis of pouchitis remains unknown. We collected 208 fecal metagenomes from 69 patients with a pouch (normal pouch and pouchitis) and compared them to publicly available metagenomes of patients with CD (n = 88), patients with UC (n = 76), and healthy controls (n = 56). Patients with pouchitis presented the highest alterations in species, metabolic pathways, and enzymes, which was correlated with intestinal inflammation. Ruminococcus gnavus strains encoding mucin-degrading glycoside hydrolases were highly enriched in pouchitis. Butyrate and secondary bile acid biosynthesis pathways were decreased in IBD phenotypes and were especially low in pouchitis. Pathways such as amino acid biosynthesis and degradation of aromatic compounds and sugars, encoded by members of the Enterobacteriaceae, were enriched in pouch and CD but not in UC. We developed microbial feature-based classifiers that can distinguish between patients with a normal pouch and pouchitis and identified species and genes that were predictive of pouchitis. We propose that the noninflamed pouch is already dysbiotic and microbially is similar to CD. Our study reveals microbial functions that outline the pathogenesis of pouchitis and suggests bacterial groups and functions that could be targeted for intervention to attenuate small intestinal inflammation present in pouchitis and CD. IMPORTANCE Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and pouchitis are chronic inflammatory conditions of the bowel. Pouchitis develops in former UC patients after proctocolectomy and ileal-pouch-anal anastomosis and is characterized by inflammation of the previously normal small intestine comprising the pouch. The extent to which microbial dysbiosis in patients with pouchitis resembles that of CD or UC and the pathogenesis of pouchitis remains unclear. We investigated the functions in the gut microbiomes of these patients using metagenomics. We found that the noninflamed pouch is already dysbiotic and microbially is similar to CD. Our study reveals microbial functions with a potential role in pouchitis pathogenesis such as depletion in butyrate and secondary bile acid synthesis and enrichment of amino acid synthesis and degradation of aromatic compounds, encoded by members of the Enterobacteriaceae. We developed microbial feature-based classifiers that can distinguish between patients with a normal pouch and pouchitis and identified species and genes that were predictive of pouchitis. We suggest species and functions that could be targeted for intervention to attenuate small intestinal inflammation present in pouchitis and CD.
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Modulating the Gut Microbiota of Humans by Dietary Intervention with Plant Glycans. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.02757-20. [PMID: 33355114 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02757-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human colon contains a community of microbial species, mostly bacteria, which is often referred to as the gut microbiota. The community is considered essential to human well-being by conferring additional energy-harvesting capacity, niche exclusion of pathogens, and molecular signaling activities that are integrated into human physiological processes. Plant polysaccharides (glycans, dietary fiber) are an important source of carbon and energy that supports the maintenance and functioning of the gut microbiota. Therefore, the daily quantity and quality of plant glycans consumed by the human host have the potential to influence health. Members of the gut microbiota differ in ability to utilize different types of plant glycans. Dietary interventions with specific glycans could modulate the microbiota, counteracting ecological perturbations that disrupt the intricate relationships between microbiota and host (dysbiosis). This review considers prospects and research options for modulation of the gut microbiota by the formulation of diets that, when consumed habitually, would correct dysbiosis by building diverse consortia that boost functional resilience. Traditional "prebiotics" favor bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, whereas dietary mixtures of plant glycans that are varied in chemical complexity would promote high-diversity microbiotas. It is concluded that research should aim at improving knowledge of bacterial consortia that, through shared nourishment, degrade and ferment plant glycans. The consortia may vary in composition from person to person, but functional outputs will be consistent in a given context because of metabolic redundancy among bacteria. Thus, the individuality of gut microbiotas could be encompassed, functional resilience encouraged, and correction of dysbiosis achieved.
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Iablokov SN, Klimenko NS, Efimova DA, Shashkova T, Novichkov PS, Rodionov DA, Tyakht AV. Metabolic Phenotypes as Potential Biomarkers for Linking Gut Microbiome With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:603740. [PMID: 33537340 PMCID: PMC7848230 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.603740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is of utmost importance to human health. While a healthy microbiome can be represented by a variety of structures, its functional capacity appears to be more important. Gene content of the community can be assessed by “shotgun” metagenomics, but this approach is still too expensive. High-throughput amplicon-based surveys are a method of choice for large-scale surveys of links between microbiome, diseases, and diet, but the algorithms for predicting functional composition need to be improved to achieve good precision. Here we show how feature engineering based on microbial phenotypes, an advanced method for functional prediction from 16S rRNA sequencing data, improves identification of alterations of the gut microbiome linked to the disease. We processed a large collection of published gut microbial datasets of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients to derive their community phenotype indices (CPI)—high-precision semiquantitative profiles aggregating metabolic potential of the community members based on genome-wide metabolic reconstructions. The list of selected metabolic functions included metabolism of short-chain fatty acids, vitamins, and carbohydrates. The machine-learning approach based on microbial phenotypes allows us to distinguish the microbiome profiles of healthy controls from patients with Crohn's disease and from ones with ulcerative colitis. The classifiers were comparable in quality to conventional taxonomy-based classifiers but provided new findings giving insights into possible mechanisms of pathogenesis. Feature-wise partial dependence plot (PDP) analysis of contribution to the classification result revealed a diversity of patterns. These observations suggest a constructive basis for defining functional homeostasis of the healthy human gut microbiome. The developed features are promising interpretable candidate biomarkers for assessing microbiome contribution to disease risk for the purposes of personalized medicine and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav N Iablokov
- A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Natalia S Klimenko
- Atlas Biomed Group-Knomics LLC, London, United Kingdom.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Tatiana Shashkova
- Atlas Biomed Group-Knomics LLC, London, United Kingdom.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel S Novichkov
- PhenoBiome Inc., San Francisco, CA, United States.,Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Dmitry A Rodionov
- A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alexander V Tyakht
- Atlas Biomed Group-Knomics LLC, London, United Kingdom.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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44
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Sitkin S, Vakhitov T, Pokrotnieks J. Oral butyrate modulates the gut microbiota in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, most likely by reversing proinflammatory metabolic reprogramming of colonocytes. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14038. [PMID: 33222317 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Sitkin
- Department of Internal Diseases, Gastroenterology and Dietetics, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Microbiology, State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Institute of Perinatology and Pediatrics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Timur Vakhitov
- Department of Microbiology, State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Juris Pokrotnieks
- Department of Internal Diseases, Rīga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia.,Centre of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
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45
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Facchin S, Vitulo N, Calgaro M, Buda A, Romualdi C, Pohl D, Perini B, Lorenzon G, Marinelli C, D’Incà R, Sturniolo GC, Savarino EV. Microbiota changes induced by microencapsulated sodium butyrate in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13914. [PMID: 32476236 PMCID: PMC7583468 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Butyrate has shown anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties, providing symptomatic relief when orally supplemented in patients suffering from various colonic diseases. We investigated the effect of a colonic-delivery formulation of butyrate on the fecal microbiota of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). METHODS In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study, 49 IBD patients (n = 19 Crohn's disease, CD and n = 30 ulcerative colitis, UC) were randomized to oral administration of microencapsulated-sodium-butyrate (BLM) or placebo for 2 months, in addition to conventional therapy. Eighteen healthy volunteers (HVs) were recruited to provide a healthy microbiota model of the local people. Fecal microbiota from stool samples was assessed by 16S sequencing. Clinical disease activity and quality of life (QoL) were evaluated before and after treatment. KEY RESULTS At baseline, HVs showed a different microbiota composition compared with IBD patients. Sodium-butyrate altered the gut microbiota of IBD patients by increasing bacteria able to produce SCFA in UC patients (Lachnospiraceae spp.) and the butyrogenic colonic bacteria in CD patients (Butyricicoccus). In UC patients, QoL was positively affected by treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Sodium-butyrate supplementation increases the growth of bacteria able to produce SCFA with potentially anti-inflammatory action. The clinical impact of this finding requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Facchin
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG)University Hospital of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Matteo Calgaro
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Andrea Buda
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG)University Hospital of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | | | - Daniel Pohl
- Department of GastroenterologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Barbara Perini
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG)University Hospital of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | - Greta Lorenzon
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG)University Hospital of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | - Carla Marinelli
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG)University Hospital of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | - Renata D’Incà
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG)University Hospital of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | - Giacomo Carlo Sturniolo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG)University Hospital of PaduaPaduaItaly
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46
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Li C, Chen Y, Zhu H, Zhang X, Han L, Zhao Z, Wang J, Ning L, Zhou W, Lu C, Xu L, Sang J, Feng Z, Zhang Y, Lou X, Bo X, Zhu B, Yu C, Zheng M, Li Y, Sun J, Shen Z. Inhibition of Histone Deacetylation by MS-275 Alleviates Colitis by Activating the Vitamin D Receptor. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:1103-1118. [PMID: 32030401 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis [UC] is a common chronic inflammatory bowel disease without curative treatment. METHODS We conducted gene set enrichment analysis to explore potential therapeutic agents for UC. Human colon tissue samples were collected to test H3 acetylation in UC. Both in vivo and in vitro colitis models were constructed to verify the role and mechanism of H3 acetylation modification in UC. Intestine-specific vitamin D receptor [VDR]-/- mice and VD [vitamin D]-deficient diet-fed mice were used to explore downstream molecular mechanisms accordingly. RESULTS According to the Connectivity Map database, MS-275 [class I histone deacetylase inhibitor] was the top-ranked agent, indicating the potential importance of histone acetylation in the pathogenesis of UC. We then found that histone H3 acetylation was significantly lower in the colon epithelium of UC patients and negatively associated with disease severity. MS-275 treatment inhibited histone H3 deacetylation, subsequently attenuating nuclear factor kappa B [NF-κB]-induced inflammation, reducing cellular apoptosis, maintaining epithelial barrier function, and thereby reducing colitis activity in a mouse model of colitis. We also identified VDR as be a downstream effector of MS-275. The curative effect of MS-275 on colitis was abolished in VDR-/- mice and in VD-deficient diet-fed mice and VDR directly targeted p65. In UC patients, histone H3 acetylation, VDR and zonulin-1 expression showed similar downregulation patterns and were negatively associated with disease severity. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that MS-275 inhibits histone deacetylation and alleviates colitis by ameliorating inflammation, reducing apoptosis, and maintaining intestinal epithelial barrier via VDR, providing new strategies for UC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huatuo Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Zuodong Zhao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longgui Ning
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihua Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianzhong Sang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yuyao People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, China
| | - Zemin Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinhe Lou
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Bo
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Takei MN, Kuda T, Taniguchi M, Nakamura S, Hajime T, Kimura B. Detection and isolation of low molecular weight alginate- and laminaran-susceptible gut indigenous bacteria from ICR mice. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 238:116205. [PMID: 32299574 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alginate and laminaran are the main water-soluble polysaccharides in edible brown algae such as arame Eisenia bicyclis. To determine the alginate- and/or laminaran-susceptible indigenous bacteria (SIB) in the gut, the caecal microbiomes of ICR mice fed a diet containing 2% low molecular weight (LMW ≒50 kDa) alginate or laminaran were analysed by 16S rRNA gene (V4) amplicon sequencing. At the phylum level abundances, compared to those in mice fed a no-fibre diet, Firmicutes was lower and Bacteroidetes was higher in both LMW alginate- or laminaran-fed mouse groups. At the operational taxonomic unit level, Bacteroides acidifaciens- and Bacteroides intestinalis-like bacteria were considered alginate- and laminaran-SIB, respectively. B. acidifaciens PS-4 isolated from the ICR mice fermented LMW alginate and laminaran and mainly produced succinate. B. intestinalis ALB-11 also isolated from these mice fermented laminaran and mainly produced lactate. These SIB might exert interactive effects with edible brown algal consumption and affect host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moemi Naito Takei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuda
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Miyu Taniguchi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Saori Nakamura
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Takahashi Hajime
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Bon Kimura
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
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48
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Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key actors in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:223-237. [PMID: 32076145 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0258-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 825] [Impact Index Per Article: 206.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A key role of the gut microbiota in the establishment and maintenance of health, as well as in the pathogenesis of disease, has been identified over the past two decades. One of the primary modes by which the gut microbiota interacts with the host is by means of metabolites, which are small molecules that are produced as intermediate or end products of microbial metabolism. These metabolites can derive from bacterial metabolism of dietary substrates, modification of host molecules, such as bile acids, or directly from bacteria. Signals from microbial metabolites influence immune maturation, immune homeostasis, host energy metabolism and maintenance of mucosal integrity. Alterations in the composition and function of the microbiota have been described in many studies on IBD. Alterations have also been described in the metabolite profiles of patients with IBD. Furthermore, specific classes of metabolites, notably bile acids, short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD. This Review aims to define the key classes of microbial-derived metabolites that are altered in IBD, describe the pathophysiological basis of these associations and identify future targets for precision therapeutic modulation.
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49
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Sugawara T, Sawada D, Yanagihara S, Aoki Y, Takehara I, Sugahara H, Hirota T, Nakamura Y, Ishikawa S. Daily Intake of Paraprobiotic Lactobacillus amylovorus CP1563 Improves Pre-Obese Conditions and Affects the Gut Microbial Community in Healthy Pre-Obese Subjects: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8020304. [PMID: 32098338 PMCID: PMC7074956 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that gut microbiota is closely associated with obesity, few studies have focused on the influences of paraprobiotics as food ingredients on both obesity prevention and the gut microbial community. In this study, we evaluated the effects of fragmented Lactobacillus amylovorus CP1563 (CP1563) as a paraprobiotic for obesity prevention and investigated its effects on the gut microbial community in pre-obese subjects. One hundred sixty-nine healthy subjects with a body mass index from 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2 ingested beverages with or without the fragmented CP1563 containing 10-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (10-HOA) for 12 weeks. The changes in abdominal, total, visceral, and subcutaneous fatty areas were significantly lower in the CP1563-10-HOA group than in the placebo group at 12 weeks. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal DNA revealed that the changes in the abundances of the genera Roseburia and Lachnospiraceae;g were significantly greater in the CP1563-10-HOA group than in the placebo group, and the changes in the abundances of the genus Collinsella was significantly smaller in the CP1563-10HOA group than in the placebo group. Our results showed that continuous ingestion of the fragmented CP1563 containing 10-HOA reduced abdominal body fat and affected the gut microbial community in pre-obese healthy subjects. Our findings may contribute to the understanding of the relationship between the anti-obesity effect of paraprobiotics and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Sugawara
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., 11-10, 5 Chome, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-0206, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-769-7828
| | - Daisuke Sawada
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., 11-10, 5 Chome, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-0206, Japan
| | - Sae Yanagihara
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., 11-10, 5 Chome, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-0206, Japan
| | - Yumeko Aoki
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., 11-10, 5 Chome, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-0206, Japan
| | - Isao Takehara
- PI-Food Service Division, Clinical Support Corporation, 4-1, Nishi 8 Chome, Minami 1 jo, Chuo-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido 060-0061, Japan
| | - Hirosuke Sugahara
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., 11-10, 5 Chome, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-0206, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Hirota
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., 11-10, 5 Chome, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-0206, Japan
| | - Yasunori Nakamura
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., 11-10, 5 Chome, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-0206, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishikawa
- Medical Corporation Shoureikan Sinsapporo Seiryo Hospital, 1-30, 2 Chome, Higashi 4 jo, Atsubetsu, Atsubetsu-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido 004-0004, Japan
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50
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Meng J, Banerjee S, Zhang L, Sindberg G, Moidunny S, Li B, Robbins DJ, Girotra M, Segura B, Ramakrishnan S, Roy S. Opioids Impair Intestinal Epithelial Repair in HIV-Infected Humanized Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 10:2999. [PMID: 32010125 PMCID: PMC6978907 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier dysfunction and subsequent microbial translocation play crucial roles in persistent immune activation leading to HIV disease progression. Opioid use is associated with worse outcome in HIV-infected patients. The exacerbated disease progression by opioids is mainly driven by excessive intestinal inflammation and increased gut permeability. The objective of this study is to investigate how opioids potentiate HIV disease progression by compromising intestinal barrier function and impairing intestinal epithelial self-repair mechanism. In the present study, abnormal intestinal morphology and reduced epithelial proliferation were observed in bone marrow-liver-thymus humanized mice and in HIV-infected patients who were exposed to opioids. In bone marrow-liver-thymus mice, HIV, and morphine independently, and additively induced gut dysbiosis, especially depletion of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Muribaculaceae. We also observed that the abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Muribaculaceae negatively correlated with apoptosis of epithelial cells, and intestinal IL-6 levels. Previous studies have shown that these bacterial families play crucial roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis because they include most short-chain fatty acid-producing members. Short-chain fatty acids have been shown to maintain stem cell populations and suppress inflammation in the gut by inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDAC). In addition, we demonstrate that morphine exposure inhibited growth of intestinal organoids derived from HIV transgenic mice by suppressing Notch signaling in an HDAC-dependent manner. These studies implicate an important role for HDAC in intestinal homeostasis and supports HDAC modulation as a therapeutic intervention in improving care of HIV patients, especially in opioid-abusing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Meng
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Santanu Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Greg Sindberg
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | | | - Bin Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - David J. Robbins
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Mohit Girotra
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Bradley Segura
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | - Sabita Roy
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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