1
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Yagublu V, Bayramov B, Reissfelder C, Hajibabazade J, Abdulrahimli S, Keese M. Microarray-based detection and expression analysis of drug resistance in an animal model of peritoneal metastasis from colon cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 2024:10.1007/s10585-024-10283-5. [PMID: 38609535 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-024-10283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy drugs efficiently eradicate rapidly dividing differentiated cells by inducing cell death, but poorly target slowly dividing cells, including cancer stem cells and dormant cancer cells, in the later course of treatment. Prolonged exposure to chemotherapy results in a decrease in the proportion of apoptotic cells in the tumour mass. To investigate and characterize the molecular basis of this phenomenon, microarray-based expression analysis was performed to compare tHcred2-DEVD-EGFP-caspase 3-sensor transfected C-26 tumour cells that were harvested after engraftment into mice treated with or without 5-FU. Peritoneal metastasis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of C-26 cells, which were subsequently reisolated from omental metastatic tumours after the mice were sacrificed by the end of the 10th day after tumour injection. The purity of reisolated tHcred2-DEVD-EGFP-caspase 3-sensor-expressing C-26 cells was confirmed using FLIM, and total RNA was extracted for gene expression profiling. The validation of relative transcript levels was carried out via real-time semiquantitative RT‒PCR assays. Our results demonstrated that chemotherapy induced the differential expression of mediators of cancer cell dormancy and cell survival-related genes and downregulation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signalling pathways. Despite the fact that some differentially expressed genes, such as BMP7 and Prss11, have not been thoroughly studied in the context of chemoresistance thus far, they might be potential candidates for future studies on overcoming drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vugar Yagublu
- Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Bayram Bayramov
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Genetic Resources Institute of Ministry of Science and Education, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Western Caspian University, AZ1001, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Christoph Reissfelder
- Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Javahir Hajibabazade
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Bowen Science Building, 51 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242-1009, USA
| | - Shalala Abdulrahimli
- Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Genetic Resources Institute of Ministry of Science and Education, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Michael Keese
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Theresienkrankenhaus and St. Hedwigsklinik, Mannheim, Germany
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2
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Weidle UH, Birzele F. Bladder Cancer-related microRNAs With In Vivo Efficacy in Preclinical Models. CANCER DIAGNOSIS & PROGNOSIS 2021; 1:245-263. [PMID: 35403137 PMCID: PMC8988954 DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Progressive and metastatic bladder cancer remain difficult to treat. In this review, we critique seven up-regulated and 25 down-regulated microRNAs in order to identify new therapeutic entities and corresponding targets. These microRNAs were selected with respect to their efficacy in bladder cancer-related preclinical in vivo models. MicroRNAs and related targets interfering with chemoresistance, cell-cycle, signaling, apoptosis, autophagy, transcription factor modulation, epigenetic modification and metabolism are described. In addition, we highlight microRNAs targeting transmembrane receptors and secreted factors. We discuss druggability issues for the identified targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences,Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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3
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Xie H, Zhou L, Liu F, Long J, Yan S, Xie Y, Hu X, Li J. Autophagy induction regulates aquaporin 3-mediated skin fibroblasts aging. Br J Dermatol 2021; 186:318-333. [PMID: 34319590 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long- and short-term ultraviolet (UV) exposure have distinct biological effects on human fibroblasts. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the biological effects of UV exposure on human skin fibroblasts. METHOD We subjected human skin fibroblast cells with or without AQP3, DEDD, or Beclin1 manipulation to UVA treatment and evaluated autophagy and senescence/aging in them. RESULTS Short-term UVA irradiation induced autophagy and upregulated AQP3 but not senescence, whereas long-term UVA irradiation inhibited autophagy, AQP3, and senescence/aging in vitro and in vivo. Silencing AQP3 abolished short-term UVA irradiation-induced autophagy and led to cellular senescence, whereas AQP3 overexpression partially rescued the senescence and autophagy inhibition induced by long-term UVA exposure in vitro. Mechanistically, the transcription factor JUN was found to bind to the AQP3 promoter to activate its transcription following short-term UVA exposure. Subsequently, AQP3 interacted with DEDD to induce its ubiquitination-mediated degradation and promote autophagy, and bound to Beclin1 to directly activate autophagy. Finally, autophagy induced by AQP3 overexpression robustly prevented UVA-induced senescence/aging in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Thus, our study indicates that AQP3 controls skin fibroblasts photoaging by regulating autophagy and represents a potential target for future interventions against skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008.,Hunan key laboratary of aging biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China, 410008.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - L Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - F Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - J Long
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - S Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | | | - X Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008.,Hunan key laboratary of aging biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China, 410008.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008.,Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China, 830092
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4
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Engin A, Engin AB. N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Signaling-Protein Kinases Crosstalk in Cerebral Ischemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1275:259-283. [PMID: 33539019 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49844-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Although stroke is very often the cause of death worldwide, the burden of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke varies between regions and over time regarding differences in prognosis, prevalence of risk factors, and treatment strategies. Excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, and lysosomal membrane permeabilization, sequentially lead to the progressive death of neurons. In this process, protein kinases-related checkpoints tightly regulate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor signaling pathways. One of the major hallmarks of cerebral ischemia is excitotoxicity, characterized by overactivation of glutamate receptors leading to intracellular Ca2+ overload and ultimately neuronal death. Thus, reduced expression of postsynaptic density-95 protein and increased protein S-nitrosylation in neurons is responsible for neuronal vulnerability in cerebral ischemia. In this chapter death-associated protein kinases, cyclin-dependent kinase 5, endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced protein kinases, hyperhomocysteinemia-related NMDA receptor overactivation, ephrin-B-dependent amplification of NMDA-evoked neuronal excitotoxicity and lysosomocentric hypothesis have been discussed.Consequently, ample evidences have demonstrated that enhancing extrasynaptic NMDA receptor activity triggers cell death after stroke. In this context, considering the dual roles of NMDA receptors in both promoting neuronal survival and mediating neuronal damage, selective augmentation of NR2A-containing NMDA receptor activation in the presence of NR2B antagonist may constitute a promising therapy for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Basak Engin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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5
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Low DEDD expression in breast cancer cells indicates higher sensitivity to the Bcl-2-specific inhibitor ABT-199. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:549-556. [PMID: 32113682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As a proapoptotic death effect domain (DED)-containing protein, DED-containing DNA-binding protein (DEDD) has been demonstrated to inhibit tumor growth, invasion and metastasis in our previous studies. Here, we demonstrated that knockdown of DEDD in MCF-7 cells resulted in characteristic drug resistance to doxorubicin and paclitaxel, and overexpression of DEDD in MDA-MB-231 cells increased their sensitivity to doxorubicin and paclitaxel. The expression levels of DEDD were positively correlated with Bcl-2 in breast cancer cell lines as well as in human breast cancer tissue. Knockdown of DEDD downregulated the transcriptional activity of the bcl-2 gene and shortened the time for Bcl-2 degradation. DEDD interacts with and stabilizes Bcl-2, and breast cancer cells with low DEDD expression were more sensitive to treatment with a BH3 mimetic, ABT-199, than were those with high DEDD expression. In total, our findings highlight a new strategy for treating breast cancer with no/low DEDD expression by targeting Bcl-2 with the BH3 mimetic ABT-199.
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6
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Death effector domain-containing protein induces vulnerability to cell cycle inhibition in triple-negative breast cancer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2860. [PMID: 31253784 PMCID: PMC6599020 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10743-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lacking targetable molecular drivers, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most clinically challenging subtype of breast cancer. In this study, we reveal that Death Effector Domain-containing DNA-binding protein (DEDD), which is overexpressed in > 60% of TNBCs, drives a mitogen-independent G1/S cell cycle transition through cytoplasm localization. The gain of cytosolic DEDD enhances cyclin D1 expression by interacting with heat shock 71 kDa protein 8 (HSC70). Concurrently, DEDD interacts with Rb family proteins and promotes their proteasome-mediated degradation. DEDD overexpression renders TNBCs vulnerable to cell cycle inhibition. Patients with TNBC have been excluded from CDK 4/6 inhibitor clinical trials due to the perceived high frequency of Rb-loss in TNBCs. Interestingly, our study demonstrated that, irrespective of Rb status, TNBCs with DEDD overexpression exhibit a DEDD-dependent vulnerability to combinatorial treatment with CDK4/6 inhibitor and EGFR inhibitor in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our study provided a rationale for the clinical application of CDK4/6 inhibitor combinatorial regimens for patients with TNBC.
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7
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Sekhon PK, Chander AM, Mayilraj S, Rishi P. Genomic analysis of Indian strains of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi indicates novel genetic repertoire for pathogenicity and adaptations. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3967-3989. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04843-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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8
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Hong AL, Guerriero JL, Doshi MB, Kynnap BD, Kim WJ, Schinzel AC, Modiste R, Schlauch AJ, Adam RM, Kwiatkowski DJ, Beroukhim R, Letai A, Rosenberg JE, Hahn WC. MCL1 and DEDD Promote Urothelial Carcinoma Progression. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1294-1304. [PMID: 30777879 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Focal amplification of chromosome 1q23.3 in patients with advanced primary or relapsed urothelial carcinomas is associated with poor survival. We interrogated chromosome 1q23.3 and the nearby focal amplicon 1q21.3, as both are associated with increased lymph node disease in patients with urothelial carcinoma. Specifically, we assessed whether the oncogene MCL1 that resides in 1q21.3 and the genes that reside in the 1q23.3 amplicon were required for the proliferation or survival of urothelial carcinoma. We observed that suppressing MCL1 or the death effector domain-containing protein (DEDD) in the cells that harbor amplifications of 1q21.3 or 1q23.3, respectively, inhibited cell proliferation. We also found that overexpression of MCL1 or DEDD increased anchorage independence growth in vitro and increased experimental metastasis in vivo in the nonamplified urothelial carcinoma cell line, RT112. The expression of MCL1 confers resistance to a range of apoptosis inducers, while the expression of DEDD led to resistance to TNFα-induced apoptosis. These observations identify MCL1 and DEDD as genes that contribute to aggressive urothelial carcinoma. IMPLICATIONS: These studies identify MCL1 and DEDD as genes that contribute to aggressive urothelial carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Hong
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Mihir B Doshi
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Won Jun Kim
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | - David J Kwiatkowski
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jonathan E Rosenberg
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - William C Hahn
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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9
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Shariati G, Saberi A, Hamid M, Galehdari H, Sedaghat A, Abdorasuli N. Prenatal diagnosis of a rare de novo 1q22-q25.1 chromosomal deletion syndrome using oligo array CGH. Clin Case Rep 2018; 6:1464-1469. [PMID: 30147883 PMCID: PMC6099003 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present prenatal diagnosis of a case with a rare de novo interstitial deletion of 1q21-q25.1 by oligo array CGH and provide detailed information on unbalanced gene content and the breakpoints. The affected fetus was delivered at 37 weeks' gestation with a unique clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Shariati
- Department of Medical GeneticsFaculty of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Narges Genetics Lab.AhvazIran
| | - Alihossein Saberi
- Department of Medical GeneticsFaculty of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Narges Genetics Lab.AhvazIran
| | - Mohammad Hamid
- Department of Medical GeneticsFaculty of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Department of Molecular MedicineBiotechnolgy Section Pasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Hamid Galehdari
- Department of Medical GeneticsFaculty of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Department of GeneticsFaculty of SciencesShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvazIran
| | - Alireza Sedaghat
- Diabetic Research CenterAhvaz Jundishpur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
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10
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Kopeina GS, Prokhorova EA, Lavrik IN, Zhivotovsky B. Alterations in the nucleocytoplasmic transport in apoptosis: Caspases lead the way. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12467. [PMID: 29947118 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a mode of regulated cell death that is indispensable for the morphogenesis, development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. Caspases are cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific proteases, which function as initiators and executors of apoptosis. Caspases are cytosolic proteins that can cleave substrates located in different intracellular compartments during apoptosis. Many years ago, the involvement of caspases in the regulation of nuclear changes, a hallmark of apoptosis, was documented. Accumulated data suggest that apoptosis-associated alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport are also linked to caspase activity. Here, we aim to discuss the current state of knowledge regarding this process. Particular attention will be focused on caspase nuclear entry and their functions in the demolition of the nucleus upon apoptotic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelina S Kopeina
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Inna N Lavrik
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Wierinckx A, Roche M, Legras-Lachuer C, Trouillas J, Raverot G, Lachuer J. MicroRNAs in pituitary tumors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 456:51-61. [PMID: 28089822 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Since the presence of microRNAs was first observed in normal pituitary, the majority of scientific publications addressing their role and the function of microRNAs in the pituitary have been based on pituitary tumor studies. In this review, we briefly describe the involvement of microRNAs in the synthesis of pituitary hormones and we present a comprehensive inventory of microRNA suppressors and inducers of pituitary tumors. Finally, we summarize the functional role of microRNAs in tumorigenesis, progression and aggressiveness of pituitary tumors, mechanisms contributing to the regulation (transcription factors, genomic modifications or epigenetic) or modulation (pharmacological treatment) of microRNAs in these tumors, and the interest of thoroughly studying the expression of miRNAs in body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Wierinckx
- Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Institut Universitaire de Technologie Lyon1, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France; CNRS UMR 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France; ProfileXpert, SFR-Est, CNRS UMR-S3453, INSERM US7, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France.
| | | | - Catherine Legras-Lachuer
- Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; ProfileXpert, SFR-Est, CNRS UMR-S3453, INSERM US7, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France; ViroScan3D, F-01600 Trévoux, France; UMR CNRS 5557 UCBL USC INRA 1193 ENVL, Dynamique Microbienne et Transmission Virale, F-69100 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Jacqueline Trouillas
- Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre de Pathologie Est, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron F-69677, France
| | - Gérald Raverot
- Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France; CNRS UMR 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France; Fédération d'Endocrinologie, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, F-69677, France Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Joël Lachuer
- Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Institut Universitaire de Technologie Lyon1, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France; CNRS UMR 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France; ProfileXpert, SFR-Est, CNRS UMR-S3453, INSERM US7, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
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12
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Golstein P. Conserved nucleolar stress at the onset of cell death. FEBS J 2017; 284:3791-3800. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Golstein
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille‐Luminy Aix Marseille Université Inserm, CNRS France
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13
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Analysis of Argonaute Complex Bound mRNAs in DU145 Prostate Carcinoma Cells Reveals New miRNA Target Genes. Prostate Cancer 2017; 2017:4893921. [PMID: 28163933 PMCID: PMC5253174 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4893921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranscriptional gene regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) contributes to the induction and maintenance of prostate carcinoma (PCa). To identify mRNAs enriched or removed from Ago2-containing RISC complexes, these complexes were immunoprecipitated from normal prostate fibroblasts (PNFs) and the PCa line DU145 and the bound mRNAs were quantified by microarray. The analysis of Ago complexes derived from PNFs or DU145 confirmed the enrichment or depletion of a variety of mRNAs already known from the literature to be deregulated. Novel potential targets were analyzed by luciferase assays with miRNAs known to be deregulated in PCa. We demonstrate that the mRNAs of the death effector domain-containing protein (DEDD), the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10b protein (TNFRSF10B), the tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 1 (TP53INP1), and the secreted protein, acidic, cysteine-rich (SPARC; osteonectin) are regulated by miRNAs miR-148a, miR-20a, miR-24, and miR-29a/b, respectively. Therefore, these miRNAs represent potential targets for therapy. Surprisingly, overexpression of miR-24 induced focus formation and proliferation of DU145 cells, while miR-29b reduced proliferation. The study confirms genes deregulated in PCa by virtue of their presence/absence in the Ago2-complex. In conjunction with the already published miRNA profiles of PCa, the data can be used to identify miRNA-regulated mRNAs.
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14
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Chukkapalli S, Levi E, Rishi AK, Datta NS. PTHrP attenuates osteoblast cell death and apoptosis induced by a novel class of anti-cancer agents. Endocrine 2016; 51:534-44. [PMID: 26260694 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0699-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents often limits their use due to their negative effects on normal cells. Apoptosis regulatory protein (CARP)-1 functional mimetics (CFMs) belong to a novel class of compounds that possess anti-cancer properties with potential utility in breast and other cancers. In this study, we investigated the growth inhibitory action of CFM-4 and -5 in bone-forming osteoblasts and role of a skeletal regulator, parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related peptide (PTHrP), which is frequently associated with oncologic pathologies. MC3T3E1-clone4 (MC-4) or primary osteoblasts were treated with CFMs. Western blots were performed to determine specific protein expressions. MTT, TUNEL assay, ethidium bromide/acridine orange staining, and ApoAlert caspase profiling were used to investigate cell viability and apoptosis of osteoblasts. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to observe intracellular localization of CARP-1. Our studies revealed that CFM-4 and -5 suppressed growths of mature differentiated, but not proliferating, MC-4 cells and PTHrP attenuated this effect. Mechanistically, induction of CARP-1 protein by CFM-4 and -5 was partially decreased by PTHrP. While CARP-1 increased by CFM-4 or -5 correlated with activated caspase-3, PTHrP remarkably blocked caspase-3 activation. PTHrP also influenced translocation of CFM-induced CARP-1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Our data identify a new function of PTHrP in maintaining osteoblast homeostasis in chemotherapy and define a role of CARP-1 in this process. The crosstalk of PTHrP and CFM-4 and -5 signaling highlights the importance of CFMs as potential anti-cancer therapeutics in breast and other cancers which adversely affect bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahiti Chukkapalli
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 1107 Elliman Clinical Research Building, 421 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Edi Levi
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Arun K Rishi
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Nabanita S Datta
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 1107 Elliman Clinical Research Building, 421 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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15
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MicroRNA Regulation of Brain Tumour Initiating Cells in Central Nervous System Tumours. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:141793. [PMID: 26064134 PMCID: PMC4433683 DOI: 10.1155/2015/141793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CNS tumours occur in both pediatric and adult patients and many of these tumours are associated with poor clinical outcome. Due to a paradigm shift in thinking for the last several years, these tumours are now considered to originate from a small population of stem-like cells within the bulk tumour tissue. These cells, termed as brain tumour initiating cells (BTICs), are perceived to be regulated by microRNAs at the posttranscriptional/translational levels. Proliferation, stemness, differentiation, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, apoptosis, and cell cycle constitute some of the significant processes modulated by microRNAs in cancer initiation and progression. Characterization and functional studies on oncogenic or tumour suppressive microRNAs are made possible because of developments in sequencing and microarray techniques. In the current review, we bring recent knowledge of the role of microRNAs in BTIC formation and therapy. Special attention is paid to two highly aggressive and well-characterized brain tumours: gliomas and medulloblastoma. As microRNA seems to be altered in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, “microRNA therapy” may now have potential to improve outcomes for brain tumour patients. In this rapidly evolving field, further understanding of miRNA biology and its contribution towards cancer can be mined for new therapeutic tools.
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Gim JA, Hong CP, Kim DS, Moon JW, Choi Y, Eo J, Kwon YJ, Lee JR, Jung YD, Bae JH, Choi BH, Ko J, Song S, Ahn K, Ha HS, Yang YM, Lee HK, Park KD, Do KT, Han K, Yi JM, Cha HJ, Ayarpadikannan S, Cho BW, Bhak J, Kim HS. Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation before-and after exercise in the thoroughbred horse with MeDIP-Seq. Mol Cells 2015; 38:210-20. [PMID: 25666347 PMCID: PMC4363720 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.2138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Athletic performance is an important criteria used for the selection of superior horses. However, little is known about exercise-related epigenetic processes in the horse. DNA methylation is a key mechanism for regulating gene expression in response to environmental changes. We carried out comparative genomic analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in the blood samples of two different thoroughbred horses before and after exercise by methylated-DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-Seq). Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the pre-and post-exercise blood samples of superior and inferior horses were identified. Exercise altered the methylation patterns. After 30 min of exercise, 596 genes were hypomethylated and 715 genes were hypermethylated in the superior horse, whereas in the inferior horse, 868 genes were hypomethylated and 794 genes were hypermethylated. These genes were analyzed based on gene ontology (GO) annotations and the exercise-related pathway patterns in the two horses were compared. After exercise, gene regions related to cell division and adhesion were hypermethylated in the superior horse, whereas regions related to cell signaling and transport were hypermethylated in the inferior horse. Analysis of the distribution of methylated CpG islands confirmed the hypomethylation in the gene-body methylation regions after exercise. The methylation patterns of transposable elements also changed after exercise. Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) showed abundance of DMRs. Collectively, our results serve as a basis to study exercise-based reprogramming of epigenetic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-An Gim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
| | - Chang Pyo Hong
- TBI, Theragen BiO Institute, TheragenEtex, Suwon 443-270,
Korea
| | - Dae-Soo Kim
- Genome Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806,
Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Moon
- TBI, Theragen BiO Institute, TheragenEtex, Suwon 443-270,
Korea
| | - Yuri Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
| | - Jungwoo Eo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
| | - Ja-Rang Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
| | - Yi-Deun Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
| | - Jin-Han Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
| | - Bong-Hwan Choi
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-706,
Korea
| | - Junsu Ko
- TBI, Theragen BiO Institute, TheragenEtex, Suwon 443-270,
Korea
| | - Sanghoon Song
- TBI, Theragen BiO Institute, TheragenEtex, Suwon 443-270,
Korea
| | - Kung Ahn
- TBI, Theragen BiO Institute, TheragenEtex, Suwon 443-270,
Korea
| | - Hong-Seok Ha
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA
| | - Young Mok Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, and Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749,
Korea
| | - Kyung-Do Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749,
Korea
| | - Kyoung-Tag Do
- Department of Equine Sciences, Sorabol College, Gyeongju 780-711,
Korea
| | - Kyudong Han
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and WCU Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714,
Korea
| | - Joo Mi Yi
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (DIRAMS), Busan 619-953,
Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Departments of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 602-702,
Korea
| | - Selvam Ayarpadikannan
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702,
Korea
| | - Jong Bhak
- TBI, Theragen BiO Institute, TheragenEtex, Suwon 443-270,
Korea
- BioMedical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 689-798,
Korea
| | - Heui-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
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Riester M, Werner L, Bellmunt J, Selvarajah S, Guancial EA, Weir BA, Stack EC, Park RS, O'Brien R, Schutz FAB, Choueiri TK, Signoretti S, Lloreta J, Marchionni L, Gallardo E, Rojo F, Garcia DI, Chekaluk Y, Kwiatkowski DJ, Bochner BH, Hahn WC, Ligon AH, Barletta JA, Loda M, Berman DM, Kantoff PW, Michor F, Rosenberg JE. Integrative analysis of 1q23.3 copy-number gain in metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:1873-83. [PMID: 24486590 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is associated with multiple somatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs). We evaluated SCNAs to identify predictors of poor survival in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We obtained overall survival (OS) and array DNA copy-number data from patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma in two cohorts. Associations between recurrent SCNAs and OS were determined by a Cox proportional hazard model adjusting for performance status and visceral disease. mRNA expression was evaluated for potential candidate genes by NanoString nCounter to identify transcripts from the region that are associated with copy-number gain. In addition, expression data from an independent cohort were used to identify candidate genes. RESULTS Multiple areas of recurrent significant gains and losses were identified. Gain of 1q23.3 was independently associated with a shortened OS in both cohorts [adjusted HR, 2.96; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.35-6.48; P = 0.01 and adjusted HR, 5.03; 95% CI, 1.43-17.73; P < 0.001]. The F11R, PFDN2, PPOX, USP21, and DEDD genes, all located on 1q23.3, were closely associated with poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS 1q23.3 copy-number gain displayed association with poor survival in two cohorts of metastatic urothelial carcinoma. The identification of the target of this copy-number gain is ongoing, and exploration of this finding in other disease states may be useful for the early identification of patients with poor-risk urothelial carcinoma. Prospective validation of the survival association is necessary to demonstrate clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Riester
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, and Medical Oncology; Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health; Department of Pathology; Translational Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and Hospital del Mar Research Institute-IMIM, Barcelona; and Hospital Parc Tauli, Sabadell, Spain
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18
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Li XH, Wang EL, Zhou HM, Yoshimoto K, Qian ZR. MicroRNAs in Human Pituitary Adenomas. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:435171. [PMID: 25548562 PMCID: PMC4274667 DOI: 10.1155/2014/435171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of recently identified noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at posttranscriptional level. Due to the large number of genes regulated by miRNAs, miRNAs play important roles in many cellular processes. Emerging evidence indicates that miRNAs are dysregulated in pituitary adenomas, a class of intracranial neoplasms which account for 10-15% of diagnosed brain tumors. Deregulated miRNAs and their targets contribute to pituitary adenomas progression and are associated with cell cycle control, apoptosis, invasion, and pharmacological treatment of pituitary adenomas. To provide an overview of miRNAs dysregulation and functions of these miRNAs in pituitary adenoma progression, we summarize the deregulated miRNAs and their targets to shed more light on their potential as therapeutic targets and novel biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Hui Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314006, China
- *Xu-Hui Li: and
| | - Elaine Lu Wang
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hai-Meng Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314006, China
| | - Katsuhiko Yoshimoto
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Room M420, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- *Zhi Rong Qian:
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de Melo IS, Jimenez-Nuñez MD, Iglesias C, Campos-Caro A, Moreno-Sanchez D, Ruiz FA, Bolívar J. NOA36 protein contains a highly conserved nucleolar localization signal capable of directing functional proteins to the nucleolus, in mammalian cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59065. [PMID: 23516598 PMCID: PMC3596294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NOA36/ZNF330 is an evolutionarily well-preserved protein present in the nucleolus and mitochondria of mammalian cells. We have previously reported that the pro-apoptotic activity of this protein is mediated by a characteristic cysteine-rich domain. We now demonstrate that the nucleolar localization of NOA36 is due to a highly-conserved nucleolar localization signal (NoLS) present in residues 1-33. This NoLS is a sequence containing three clusters of two or three basic amino acids. We fused the amino terminal of NOA36 to eGFP in order to characterize this putative NoLS. We show that a cluster of three lysine residues at positions 3 to 5 within this sequence is critical for the nucleolar localization. We also demonstrate that the sequence as found in human is capable of directing eGFP to the nucleolus in several mammal, fish and insect cells. Moreover, this NoLS is capable of specifically directing the cytosolic yeast enzyme polyphosphatase to the target of the nucleolus of HeLa cells, wherein its enzymatic activity was detected. This NoLS could therefore serve as a very useful tool as a nucleolar marker and for directing particular proteins to the nucleolus in distant animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S. de Melo
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública - Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Maria D. Jimenez-Nuñez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Concepción Iglesias
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública - Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Campos-Caro
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - David Moreno-Sanchez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Felix A. Ruiz
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jorge Bolívar
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública - Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
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Lv Q, Wang W, Xue J, Hua F, Mu R, Lin H, Yan J, Lv X, Chen X, Hu ZW. DEDD interacts with PI3KC3 to activate autophagy and attenuate epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human breast cancer. Cancer Res 2012; 72:3238-50. [PMID: 22719072 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial developmental program, contributes to cancer invasion and metastasis. In this study, we show that death-effector domain-containing DNA-binding protein (DEDD) attenuates EMT and acts as an endogenous suppressor of tumor growth and metastasis. We found that expression levels of DEDD were conversely correlated with poor prognosis in patients with breast and colon cancer. Both in vitro and in vivo, overexpression of DEDD attenuated the invasive phenotype of highly metastatic cells, whereas silencing of DEDD promoted the invasion of nonmetastatic cells. Via direct interaction with the class III PI-3-kinase (PI3KC3)/Beclin1, DEDD activated autophagy and induced the degradation of Snail and Twist, two master regulators of EMT. The DEDD-PI3KC3 interaction led to stabilization of PI3KC3, which further contributed to autophagy and the degradation of Snail and Twist. Together, our findings highlight a novel mechanism in which the intracellular signaling protein DEDD functions as an endogenous tumor suppressor. DEDD expression therefore may represent a prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lv
- Molecular Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Groups, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
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21
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Abstract
Cellular senescence-inhibited gene (CSIG) protein, a nucleolar protein with a ribosomal L1 domain in its N-terminus, can exert non-ribosomal functions to regulate biological processes, such as cellular senescence. Here, we describe a previously unknown function for CSIG: promotion of apoptosis in response to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation-induced CSIG upregulation. We identified p33ING1 as a binding partner that interacts with CSIG. After UV irradiation, p33ING1 increases its protein expression, translocates into the nucleolus and binds CSIG. p33ING1 requires its nucleolar targeting sequence region to interact with CSIG and enhance CSIG protein stability, which is essential for activation of downstream effectors, Bcl-2-associated X protein, to promote apoptosis. Thus, our data imply that p33ING1–CSIG axis functions as a novel pro-apoptotic regulator in response to DNA damage.
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22
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Nucleolar localization and identification of nuclear/nucleolar localization signals of the calmodulin-binding protein nucleomorphin during growth and mitosis in Dictyostelium. Histochem Cell Biol 2011; 135:239-49. [PMID: 21327858 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-011-0785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The calmodulin-binding protein nucleomorphin isoform NumA1 is a nuclear number regulator in Dictyostelium that localizes to intra-nuclear patches adjacent to the nuclear envelope and to a lesser extent the nucleoplasm. Earlier studies have shown similar patches to be nucleoli but only three nucleolar proteins have been identified in Dictyostelium. Here, actinomycin-D treatment caused the loss of NumA1 localization, while calcium and calmodulin antagonists had no effect. In keeping with a nucleolar function, NumA1 moved out of the presumptive nucleoli during mitosis redistributing to areas within the nucleus, the spindle fibers, and centrosomal region before re-accumulating in the presumptive nucleoli at telophase. Together, these data verify NumA1 as a true nucleolar protein. Prior to this study, the dynamics of specific nucleolar proteins had not been determined during mitosis in Dictyostelium. FITC-conjugated peptides equivalent to presumptive nuclear localization signals within NumA1 localized to nucleoli indicating that they also act as nucleolar localization signals. To our knowledge, these represent the first precisely defined nucleolar localization signals as well as the first nuclear/nucleolar localization signals identified in Dictyostelium. Together, these results reveal that NumA1 is a true nucleolar protein and the only nucleolar calmodulin-binding protein identified in Dictyostelium. The possible use of nuclear/nucleolar localization signal-mediated drug targeting to nucleoli is discussed.
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Scott MS, Boisvert FM, McDowall MD, Lamond AI, Barton GJ. Characterization and prediction of protein nucleolar localization sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:7388-99. [PMID: 20663773 PMCID: PMC2995072 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the nucleolar localization of proteins is often believed to be mediated primarily by non-specific retention to core nucleolar components, many examples of short nucleolar targeting sequences have been reported in recent years. In this article, 46 human nucleolar localization sequences (NoLSs) were collated from the literature and subjected to statistical analysis. Of the residues in these NoLSs 48% are basic, whereas 99% of the residues are predicted to be solvent-accessible with 42% in α-helix and 57% in coil. The sequence and predicted protein secondary structure of the 46 NoLSs were used to train an artificial neural network to identify NoLSs. At a true positive rate of 54%, the predictor’s overall false positive rate (FPR) is estimated to be 1.52%, which can be broken down to FPRs of 0.26% for randomly chosen cytoplasmic sequences, 0.80% for randomly chosen nucleoplasmic sequences and 12% for nuclear localization signals. The predictor was used to predict NoLSs in the complete human proteome and 10 of the highest scoring previously unknown NoLSs were experimentally confirmed. NoLSs are a prevalent type of targeting motif that is distinct from nuclear localization signals and that can be computationally predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Scott
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery and Wellcome Trust Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
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25
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Couturier J, Morel M, Pontcharraud R, Gontier V, Fauconneau B, Paccalin M, Page G. Interaction of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) with the death receptor signaling pathway in amyloid beta (Abeta)-treated cells and in APPSLPS1 knock-in mice. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:1272-82. [PMID: 19889624 PMCID: PMC2801255 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.041954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For 10 years, research has focused on signaling pathways controlling translation to explain neuronal death in Alzheimer Disease (AD). Previous studies demonstrated in different cellular and animal models and AD patients that translation is down-regulated by the activation of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR). Among downstream factors of PKR, the Fas-associated protein with a death domain (FADD) and subsequent activated caspase-8 are responsible for PKR-induced apoptosis in recombinant virus-infected cells. However, no studies have reported the role of PKR in death receptor signaling in AD. The aim of this project is to determine physical and functional interactions of PKR with FADD in amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) neurotoxicity and in APP(SL)PS1 KI transgenic mice. In SH-SY5Y cells, results showed that Abeta42 induced a large increase in phosphorylated PKR and FADD levels and a physical interaction between PKR and FADD in the nucleus, also observed in the cortex of APP(SL)PS1 KI mice. However, PKR gene silencing or treatment with a specific PKR inhibitor significantly prevented the increase in pT(451)-PKR and pS(194)-FADD levels in SH-SY5Y nuclei and completely inhibited activities of caspase-3 and -8. The contribution of PKR in neurodegeneration through the death receptor signaling pathway may support the development of therapeutics targeting PKR to limit neuronal death in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Couturier
- From the Research Group on Brain Aging, GReViC EA 3808, University of Poitiers, 6 rue de la Milétrie, BP 199, 86034 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Milena Morel
- From the Research Group on Brain Aging, GReViC EA 3808, University of Poitiers, 6 rue de la Milétrie, BP 199, 86034 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Raymond Pontcharraud
- From the Research Group on Brain Aging, GReViC EA 3808, University of Poitiers, 6 rue de la Milétrie, BP 199, 86034 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Virginie Gontier
- From the Research Group on Brain Aging, GReViC EA 3808, University of Poitiers, 6 rue de la Milétrie, BP 199, 86034 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Bernard Fauconneau
- From the Research Group on Brain Aging, GReViC EA 3808, University of Poitiers, 6 rue de la Milétrie, BP 199, 86034 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Marc Paccalin
- From the Research Group on Brain Aging, GReViC EA 3808, University of Poitiers, 6 rue de la Milétrie, BP 199, 86034 Poitiers Cedex, France
- the Department of Geriatrics, Poitiers University Hospital, 2 rue de la Milétrie, BP 577, 86021 Poitiers Cedex, France, and
- the Clinical Investigation Center, CIC INSERM 802, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - Guylène Page
- From the Research Group on Brain Aging, GReViC EA 3808, University of Poitiers, 6 rue de la Milétrie, BP 199, 86034 Poitiers Cedex, France
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Kurabe N, Mori M, Kurokawa J, Taniguchi K, Aoyama H, Atsuda K, Nishijima A, Odawara N, Harada S, Nakashima K, Arai S, Miyazaki T. The death effector domain-containing DEDD forms a complex with Akt and Hsp90, and supports their stability. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 391:1708-13. [PMID: 20043882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.12.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Insulin secretion and glucose transport are the major mechanisms to balance glucose homeostasis. Recently, we found that the death effector domain-containing DEDD inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (Cdk1) function, thereby preventing Cdk1-dependent inhibitory phosphorylation of S6 kinase-1 (S6K1), downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which overall results in maintenance of S6K1 activity. Here we newly show that DEDD forms a complex with Akt and heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90), and supports the stability of both proteins. Hence, in DEDD(-/-) mice, Akt protein levels are diminished in skeletal muscles and adipose tissues, which interferes with the translocation of glucose-transporter 4 (GLUT4) upon insulin stimulation, leading to inefficient incorporation of glucose in these organs. Interestingly, as for the activation of S6K1, suppression of Cdk1 is involved in the stabilization of Akt protein by DEDD, since diminishment of Cdk1 in DEDD(-/-) cells via siRNA expression or treatment with a Cdk1-inhibitor, increases both Akt and Hsp90 protein levels. Such multifaceted involvement of DEDD in glucose homeostasis by supporting both insulin secretion (via maintenance of S6K1 activity) and glucose uptake (via stabilizing Akt protein), may suggest an association of DEDD-deficiency with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuya Kurabe
- Division of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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27
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Guo H, Ding Q, Lin F, Pan W, Lin J, Zheng AC. Characterization of the nuclear and nucleolar localization signals of bovine herpesvirus-1 infected cell protein 27. Virus Res 2009; 145:312-20. [PMID: 19682510 PMCID: PMC7125963 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus-1 infected cell protein 27 (BICP27) was detected predominantly in the nucleolus. The open reading frame of BICP27 was fused with the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) gene to investigate its subcellular localization in live cells and BICP27 was able to direct monomeric, dimeric or trimeric EYFP exclusively to the nucleolus. By constructing a series of deletion mutants, the putative nuclear localization signal (NLS) and nucleolar localization signal (NoLS) were mapped to (81)RRAR(84) and (86)RPRRPRRRPRRR(97) respectively. Specific deletion of the putative NLS, NoLS or both abrogated nuclear localization, nucleolar localization or both respectively. Furthermore, NLS was able to direct trimeric EYFP predominantly to the nucleus but excluded from the nucleolus, whereas NoLS targeted trimeric EYFP primarily to the nucleus, and enriched in the nucleolus with faint staining in the cytoplasm. NLS+NoLS directed trimeric EYFP predominantly to the nucleolus with faint staining in the nucleus. Moreover, deletion of NLS+NoLS abolished the transactivating activity of BICP27 on gC promoter, whereas deletion of either NLS or NoLS did not. The study demonstrated that BICP27 is a nucleolar protein, adding BICP27 to the growing list of transactivators which localize to the nucleolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Virology and Viral Immunology Research Group, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 44 Xiaohongshan, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Qiong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Virology and Viral Immunology Research Group, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 44 Xiaohongshan, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Fusen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Virology and Viral Immunology Research Group, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 44 Xiaohongshan, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Weiwei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Virology and Viral Immunology Research Group, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 44 Xiaohongshan, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Jianyin Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China
| | - Alan C. Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Virology and Viral Immunology Research Group, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 44 Xiaohongshan, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 27 8719 8676; fax: +86 27 8719 8676.
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28
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Kurabe N, Arai S, Nishijima A, Kubota N, Suizu F, Mori M, Kurokawa J, Kondo-Miyazaki M, Ide T, Murakami K, Miyake K, Ueki K, Koga H, Yatomi Y, Tashiro F, Noguchi M, Kadowaki T, Miyazaki T. The death effector domain-containing DEDD supports S6K1 activity via preventing Cdk1-dependent inhibitory phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2008; 284:5050-5. [PMID: 19106089 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m808598200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle regulation and biochemical responses upon nutrients and growth factors are the major regulatory mechanisms for cell sizing in mammals. Recently, we identified that the death effector domain-containing DEDD impedes mitotic progression by inhibiting Cdk1 (cyclin-dependent kinase 1) and thus maintains an increase of cell size during the mitotic phase. Here we found that DEDD also associates with S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and supports its activity by preventing inhibitory phosphorylation of S6K1 brought about by Cdk1 during the mitotic phase. DEDD(-/-) cells showed reduced S6K1 activity, consistently demonstrating decreased levels in activating phosphorylation at the Thr-389 site. In addition, levels of Cdk1-dependent inhibitory phosphorylation at the C terminus of S6K1 were enhanced in DEDD(-/-) cells and tissues. Consequently, as in S6K1(-/-) mice, the insulin mass within pancreatic islets was reduced in DEDD(-/-) mice, resulting in glucose intolerance. These findings suggest a novel cell sizing mechanism achieved by DEDD through the maintenance of S6K1 activity prior to cell division. Our results also suggest that DEDD may harbor important roles in glucose homeostasis and that its deficiency might be involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuya Kurabe
- Division of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Abstract
Cigarette smoking is associated with a plethora of different diseases. Nicotine is the addictive component of cigarette but also acts onto cells of the non-neuronal system, including immune effector cells. Although nicotine itself is usually not referred to as a carcinogen, there is ongoing debate whether nicotine functions as a 'tumor enhancer.' By binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, nicotine deregulates essential biological processes like angiogenesis, apoptosis, and cell-mediated immunity. Apoptosis plays critical roles in a wide variety of physiologic processes during fetal development and in adult tissue and is also a fundamental aspect of the biology of malignant diseases. This review provides an overlook how nicotine influences apoptotic processes and is thus directly involved in the etiology of pathological conditions like cancer and obstructive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Zeidler
- ENT-Department, University of Munich, c/o GSF-Forschungszentrum, Marchioninistr. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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30
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Takashina T, Nakayama M. Modifications enhance the apoptosis-inducing activity of FADD. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:1793-803. [PMID: 17575108 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability to enhance apoptosis-inducing activity in specific cells, despite the presence of cellular antiapoptotic proteins, would allow the removal of target cells from a cell population. Here, we show that modification of Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) by fusing the tandem death effector domains (DED) of FADD to the E protein of lambda phage, a head coat protein with self-assembly activity, greatly increases the apoptosis-inducing activity of FADD in both adherent NIH3T3 and HEK293 cells. Induction of apoptosis in cell lines that stably express modified FADD (2DEDplusE) resulted in rapid blebbing, and most cells detached from the flask within 5 h. In contrast, following induction of apoptosis, it took over 24 h for the cells expressing unmodified FADD to exhibit these signs. The cells expressing the modified FADD underwent apoptosis through the typical apoptosis cascade via activation of caspase-3, and apoptosis was inhibited by a caspase inhibitor (i.e., z-VAD-fmk). Theoretically, as our adhesive stable cell lines undergo apoptosis rapidly and in synchrony following mifepristone- or tetracycline-controlled production of a single apoptosis protein without affecting any other cellular pathways, they provide excellent model systems in which to analyze the phenomenon of apoptosis in adhesive cell lines, in particular, blebbing and detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Takashina
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
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31
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Tembe V, Henderson BR. Protein trafficking in response to DNA damage. Cell Signal 2007; 19:1113-20. [PMID: 17391916 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2007] [Accepted: 03/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human cells are prone to a range of natural environmental stresses and administered agents that damage or modify DNA, resulting in a cellular response typified by either cell death, or a cell cycle arrest, to permit repair of the genomic damage. DNA damage often elicits movement of proteins from one subcellular location to another, and the redistribution of proteins involved in genomic maintenance into distinct nuclear DNA repair foci is well documented. In this review, we discuss the DNA damage-induced trafficking of proteins to and from other distinct subcellular organelles including the nucleolus, mitochondria, Golgi complex and centrosome. The extent of intracellular transport suggests a dynamic and possibly co-ordinated role for protein trafficking in the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Tembe
- Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute at Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
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32
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Grote P, Schaeuble K, Ferrando-May E. Commuting (to) suicide: an update on nucleocytoplasmic transport in apoptosis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 462:156-61. [PMID: 17395148 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 02/06/2007] [Accepted: 02/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Commuting is the process of travelling between a place of residence and a place of work. In the context of biology, this expression evokes the continuous movement of macromolecules between different compartments of a eukaryotic cell. Transport in and out of the nucleus is a major example of intracellular commuting. This article discusses recent findings that substantiate the emerging link between nucleocytoplasmic transport and the signalling and execution of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Grote
- University of Konstanz, Department of Biology, Molecular Toxicology, P.O. Box X911, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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33
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Vazquez-Ortiz G, García JA, Ciudad CJ, Noé V, Peñuelas S, López-Romero R, Mendoza-Lorenzo P, Piña-Sánchez P, Salcedo M. Differentially expressed genes between high-risk human papillomavirus types in human cervical cancer cells. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007; 17:484-91. [PMID: 17309674 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.00831.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical carcinoma (CC) is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide and the first cause of death among the Mexican female population. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most important etiologic factor for CC. Of the oncogenic types, HPV16 and HPV18 are found in 60-70% of invasive CCs worldwide. HPV18 appears to be associated with a more aggressive form of cervical neoplasia than HPV16 infection. At present, there are no studies on differentially expressed cellular genes between transformed cells harboring HPV16 and HPV18 sequences. Based on previous complementary DNA microarray data from our group, 13 genes were found to be differentially overexpressed between HPV16- and HPV18-transformed cells. These genes were as follows: E6BP, UBE4A, C20orf14, ATF7, ABCC8, SLC6A12, WASF3, SUV39H1, SPAG8, CCNC, E2FFE, BIRC5, and DEDD. Differential expression of six selected genes was confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). All real-time RT-PCRs confirmed differential expression between HPV18 and HPV(-) samples. The present work identifies genes from signaling pathways triggered by HPV transformation that could be differentially deregulated between HPV16(+) and HPV18(+) samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vazquez-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Oncogenomics, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center SXXI-IMSS, México, DF, Mexico
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34
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Bottoni A, Zatelli MC, Ferracin M, Tagliati F, Piccin D, Vignali C, Calin GA, Negrini M, Croce CM, Degli Uberti EC. Identification of differentially expressed microRNAs by microarray: a possible role for microRNA genes in pituitary adenomas. J Cell Physiol 2007; 210:370-7. [PMID: 17111382 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that control gene expression by targeting mRNA. It has been demonstrated that miRNA expression is altered in many human cancers, suggesting that they may play a role in human neoplasia. To determine whether miRNA expression is altered in pituitary adenomas, we analyzed the entire miRNAome in 32 pituitary adenomas and in 6 normal pituitary samples by microarray and by Real-Time PCR. Here, we show that 30 miRNAs are differentially expressed between normal pituitary and pituitary adenomas. Moreover, 24 miRNAs were identified as a predictive signature of pituitary adenoma and 29 miRNAs were able to predict pituitary adenoma histotype. miRNA expression could differentiate micro- from macro-adenomas and treated from non-treated patient samples. Several of the identified miRNAs are involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis, suggesting that their deregulated expression may be involved in pituitary tumorigenesis. Predictive miRNAs could be potentially useful diagnostic markers, improving the classification of pituitary adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Bottoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Advanced Therapies, Section of Endocrinology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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35
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Yao Z, Duan S, Hou D, Heese K, Wu M. Death effector domain DEDa, a self-cleaved product of caspase-8/Mch5, translocates to the nucleus by binding to ERK1/2 and upregulates procaspase-8 expression via a p53-dependent mechanism. EMBO J 2007; 26:1068-80. [PMID: 17290218 PMCID: PMC1852837 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2006] [Accepted: 01/02/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the apical caspase-8 is crucial to the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Although the death effector domain (DED) of caspase-8 has been reported to be involved in death-inducing signaling complex formation, the detailed mechanism of how DED functions in regulating apoptosis remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the prodomain of the caspase-8/Mch5 can be further cleaved between two tandemly repeated DEDs (DEDa-DEDb) at the amino-acid residue Asp129 by caspase-8 itself. The DEDa fragment generated from the endogenous caspase-8 was detected in isolated nucleoli upon treatment with TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand). Cleaved DEDa appears to translocate into the nucleus by association with extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases-1/2 (ERK1/2). Elimination of ERK1/2 expression by RNA interference resulted in a significant attenuation of nuclear entry of DEDa and reduced caspase-8-dependent apoptosis. In the nucleus, DEDa interacts with TOPORS, a p53 and topoisomerase I binding protein, and possibly displaces p53 from TOPORS, allowing p53 to stimulate caspase-8 gene expression. In summary, we postulate a positive feedback loop involving DEDa, which enables the continual replenishment of procaspase-8 during apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Yao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Duan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezhi Hou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Klaus Heese
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Mian Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 443 Huang-Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China. Tel.: +86 551 3607324; Fax: +86 551 3606264; E-mail:
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36
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Arai S, Miyake K, Voit R, Nemoto S, Wakeland EK, Grummt I, Miyazaki T. Death-effector domain-containing protein DEDD is an inhibitor of mitotic Cdk1/cyclin B1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:2289-94. [PMID: 17283331 PMCID: PMC1793902 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0611167104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that many molecules, including some cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and cyclins, as well as the death-effector domain (DED)-containing FADD, function for both apoptosis and cell cycle. Here we identified that DEDD, which also possesses the DED domain, acts as a novel inhibitor of the mitotic Cdk1/cyclin B1 complex. DEDD associates with mitotic Cdk1/cyclin B1 complexes via direct binding to cyclin B1 and reduces their function. In agreement, kinase activity of nuclear Cdk1/cyclin B1 in DEDD-null (DEDD-/-) embryonic fibroblasts is increased compared with that in DEDD+/+ cells, which results in accelerated mitotic progression, thus exhibiting a shortened G2/M stage. Interestingly, DEDD-/- cells also demonstrated decreased G1 duration, which perhaps enhanced the overall reduction in rRNA amounts and cell volume, primarily caused by the rapid termination of rRNA synthesis before cell division. Likewise, DEDD-/- mice show decreased body and organ weights relative to DEDD+/+ mice. Thus, DEDD is an impeder of cell mitosis, and its absence critically influences cell and body size via modulation of rRNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Arai
- *Division of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Center for Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, NA7200, Dallas, TX 75390-9093; and
| | - Katsuhisa Miyake
- Center for Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, NA7200, Dallas, TX 75390-9093; and
| | - Renate Voit
- Department of Molecular Biology of the Cell II, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shino Nemoto
- *Division of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Edward K. Wakeland
- Center for Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, NA7200, Dallas, TX 75390-9093; and
| | - Ingrid Grummt
- Department of Molecular Biology of the Cell II, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Toru Miyazaki
- *Division of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Center for Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, NA7200, Dallas, TX 75390-9093; and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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37
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Ménard I, Gervais FG, Nicholson DW, Roy S. Caspase-3 cleaves the formin-homology-domain-containing protein FHOD1 during apoptosis to generate a C-terminal fragment that is targeted to the nucleolus. Apoptosis 2006; 11:1863-76. [PMID: 17013756 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-006-0087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The formin homology (FH) proteins play a crucial role in cytoskeleton remodelling during many essential processes. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that the formin-homology-domain-containing protein FHOD1 is cleaved by caspase-3 at the SVPD(616) site during apoptosis. Using confocal microscopy, we further demonstrate that while full length FHOD1 is mostly cytoplasmic, the FHOD1 N-terminal cleavage product is diffusely localized throughout the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm, whereas the C-terminal cleavage product is almost exclusively nuclear with some nucleolar localization. Finally, using a run-on transcription assay we show that the C-terminal FHOD1 cleavage product has the ability to inhibit RNA polymerase I transcription when overexpressed in HeLa cells as shown by blockage of BrUTP incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Ménard
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G 1Y6
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38
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Lee JH, Murphy SC, Belshan M, Sparks WO, Wannemuehler Y, Liu S, Hope TJ, Dobbs D, Carpenter S. Characterization of functional domains of equine infectious anemia virus Rev suggests a bipartite RNA-binding domain. J Virol 2006; 80:3844-52. [PMID: 16571801 PMCID: PMC1440447 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.80.8.3844-3852.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) Rev is an essential regulatory protein that facilitates expression of viral mRNAs encoding structural proteins and genomic RNA and regulates alternative splicing of the bicistronic tat/rev mRNA. EIAV Rev is characterized by a high rate of genetic variation in vivo, and changes in Rev genotype and phenotype have been shown to coincide with changes in clinical disease. To better understand how genetic variation alters Rev phenotype, we undertook deletion and mutational analyses to map functional domains and to identify specific motifs that are essential for EIAV Rev activity. All functional domains are contained within the second exon of EIAV Rev. The overall organization of domains within Rev exon 2 includes a nuclear export signal, a large central region required for RNA binding, a nonessential region, and a C-terminal region required for both nuclear localization and RNA binding. Subcellular localization of green fluorescent protein-Rev mutants indicated that basic residues within the KRRRK motif in the C-terminal region of Rev are necessary for targeting of Rev to the nucleus. Two separate regions of Rev were necessary for RNA binding: a central region encompassing residues 57 to 130 and a C-terminal region spanning residues 144 to 165. Within these regions were two distinct, short arginine-rich motifs essential for RNA binding, including an RRDRW motif in the central region and the KRRRK motif near the C terminus. These findings suggest that EIAV Rev utilizes a bipartite RNA-binding domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyung Lee
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
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39
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Shiio Y, Suh KS, Lee H, Yuspa SH, Eisenman RN, Aebersold R. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Myc-induced Apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:2750-6. [PMID: 16316993 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m509349200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myc is a key regulatory protein in higher eukaryotes controlling important cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Myc is profoundly involved in the genesis of many human and animal cancers, and the abrogation of Myc-induced apoptosis is a critical event in cancer progression. Because the mechanisms that mediate Myc-induced apoptosis are largely unknown, we analyzed protein expression during Myc-induced apoptosis using an isotope-coded affinity tag quantitative proteomics approach and identified that a proapoptotic mitochondrial chloride ion channel, mtCLIC/CLIC4, is induced by Myc. Myc binds to the mtCLIC gene promoter and activates its transcription. Suppression of mtCLIC expression by RNA interference inhibited Myc-induced apoptosis in response to different stress conditions and abolished the cooperative induction of apoptosis by Myc and Bax. We also found that Myc reduces the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and that the apoptosis-inducing stimuli up-regulate Bax expression. These results suggest that up-regulation of mtCLIC, together with a reduction in Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, sensitizes Myc-expressing cells to the proapoptotic action of Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuru Shiio
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98103-8904, USA.
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40
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Cui J, Han LY, Cai CZ, Zheng CJ, Ji ZL, Chen YZ. Prediction of functional class of novel bacterial proteins without the use of sequence similarity by a statistical learning method. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 9:86-100. [PMID: 16319498 DOI: 10.1159/000088839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial percentage of the putative protein-encoding open reading frames (ORFs) in bacterial genomes have no homolog of known function, and their function cannot be confidently assigned on the basis of sequence similarity. Methods not based on sequence similarity are needed and being developed. One method, SVMProt (http://jing.cz3.nus.edu.sg/cgi-bin/svmprot.cgi), predicts protein functional family irrespective of sequence similarity (Nucleic Acids Res. 2003;31:3692-3697). While it has been tested on a large number of proteins, its capability for non-homologous proteins has so far been evaluated for a relatively small number of proteins, and additional tests are needed to more fully assess SVMProt. In this work, 90 novel bacterial proteins (non-homologous to known proteins) are used to evaluate the capability of SVMProt. These proteins are such that none of their homologs are in the Swiss-Prot database, their functions not clearly described in the literature, and they themselves and their homologs are not included in the training sets of SVMProt. They represent proteins whose function cannot be confidently predicted by sequence similarity methods at present. The predicted functional class of 76.7% of each of these proteins shows various levels of consistency with the literature-described function, compared to the overall accuracy of 87% for the SVMProt functional class assignment of 34,582 proteins that have at least one homolog of known function. Our study suggests that SVMProt is capable of assigning functional class for novel bacterial proteins at a level not too much lower than that of sequence alignment methods for homologous proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cui
- Bioinformatics and Drug Design Group, Department of Computational Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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41
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Huang X, Zhang M, Tang H, Ruo C, Cao X. Identification and characterization of DEDDL, a human-specific isoform of DEDD. Gene Expr 2006; 13:141-53. [PMID: 17193921 PMCID: PMC6032443 DOI: 10.3727/000000006783991836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Death effector domain (DED) containing molecules are usually involved in the intracellular apoptosis cascade as executioners or regulators. One of these molecules, DEDD, was identified as a final target of the CD95 signaling pathway by which it would be transferred into the nucleolus to inhibit RNA polymerase I-dependent transcription. Here we describe a longer isoform of DEDD, DEDDL, produced by alternatively splicing, as an immune cell-specific DED-containing molecule. It is only expressed in human T lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DCs), and the mRNA expression in DCs was elevated upon inductive maturation. In cell lines MCF-7 and Jurkat, the overexpression of DEDDL could induce apoptosis more potently than that of DEDD. That DEDDL could bind FADD and cFLIP more potently than DEDD in vivo was revealed by cotransfection and immunoprecipitation. This may explain why DEDDL is a more potent apoptosis inducer, because DED-containing proteins usually induce apoptosis through DED binding. Finally, why DEDD and DEDDL are unstable in the overexpression and other studies may be explained by the finding that they are potential substrates of active caspases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
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Yu B, Mitchell GA, Richter A. Nucleolar localization of cirhin, the protein mutated in North American Indian childhood cirrhosis. Exp Cell Res 2005; 311:218-28. [PMID: 16225863 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2005] [Revised: 08/22/2005] [Accepted: 08/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cirhin (NP_116219), the product of the CIRH1A gene is mutated in North American Indian childhood cirrhosis (NAIC/CIRH1A, OMIM 604901), a severe autosomal recessive intrahepatic cholestasis. It is a 686-amino-acid WD40-repeat containing protein of unknown function that is predicted to contain multiple targeting signals, including an N-terminal mitochondrial targeting signal, a C-terminal monopartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) and a bipartite nuclear localization signal (BNLS). We performed the direct determination of subcellular localization of cirhin as a crucial first step in unraveling its biological function. Using EGFP and His-tagged cirhin fusion proteins expressed in HeLa and HepG2, cells we show that cirhin is a nucleolar protein and that the R565W mutation, for which all NAIC patients are homozygous, has no effect on subcellular localization. Cirhin has an active C-terminal monopartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) and a unique nucleolar localization signal (NrLS) between residues 315 and 432. The nucleolus is not known to be important specifically for intrahepatic cholestasis. These observations provide a new dimension in the study of hereditary cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- Service de Génétique médicale, Centre de recherche, Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Québec, Canada H3T1C5
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43
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Abstract
The apoptotic demolition of the nucleus is accomplished by diverse proapoptotic factors, most of which are activated in the cytoplasm and gain access to the nucleoplasm during the cell death process. The nucleus is also the main target for genotoxic insult, a potent apoptotic trigger. Signals generated in the nucleus by DNA damage have to propagate to all cellular compartments to ensure the coordinated execution of cell demise. The nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of signalling and execution factors is thus an integral part of the apoptotic programme. Several proteins implicated in apoptotic cell death have been shown to migrate in and out of the nucleus following apoptosis induction. This review summarises the current knowledge on nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of apoptosis-relevant proteins. The effects of apoptosis induction on the nucleocytoplasmic transport machinery are also discussed. Finally, a potential role of nuclear transport as a critical control point of the apoptotic signal cascade is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ferrando-May
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, PO Box X911, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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44
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Sur R, Ramos J. Vanishin is a novel ubiquitinylated death-effector domain protein that blocks ERK activation. Biochem J 2005; 387:315-24. [PMID: 15537391 PMCID: PMC1134959 DOI: 10.1042/bj20041713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The ERK (extracellular-signal regulated-kinase)/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway can regulate transcription, proliferation, migration and apoptosis. The small DED (death-effector domain) protein PEA-15 (phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes-15) binds ERK and targets it to the cytoplasm. Other DED-containing proteins including cFLIP and DEDD can also regulate signal transduction events and transcription in addition to apoptosis. In the present study, we report the identification of a novel DED-containing protein called Vanishin. The amino acid sequence of Vanishin is closest in similarly to PEA-15 (61% identical). Vanishin mRNA is expressed in several mouse tissues and in both mouse and human cell lines. Interestingly, Vanishin is regulated by ubiquitinylation and subsequent degradation by the 26 S proteasome. The ubiquitinylation is complex and occurs at both the internal lysine residues and the N-terminus. We further show that Vanishin binds ERK/MAPK but not the DED proteins Fas-associated death domain, caspase 8 or PEA-15. Vanishin is present in both the nucleus and Golgi on overexpression and forces increased ERK accumulation in the nucleus in the absence of ERK stimulation. Moreover, Vanishin expression inhibits ERK activation and ERK-dependent transcription in cells, but does not alter MAPK/ERK activity. Therefore Vanishin is a novel regulator of ERK that is controlled by ubiquitinylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runa Sur
- *Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A
| | - Joe W. Ramos
- †Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1236 Lauhala Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, U.S.A
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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45
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Lee JC, Wang GX, Schickling O, Peter ME. Fusing DEDD with ubiquitin changes its intracellular localization and apoptotic potential. Apoptosis 2005; 10:1483-95. [PMID: 16235027 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-005-1833-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
DEDD, a highly conserved and ubiquitous death effector domain containing protein, exists in non, mono, and diubiquitinated forms. We previously reported that endogenous unmodified DEDD is only found in nucleoli and that mono- and diubiquitinated DEDD associate with caspase-3 in the cytosol suggesting that ubiquitination may be important to the apoptosis regulating functions of DEDD in the cytosol. We now demonstrate that many of its 16 lysine residues can serve as alternative acceptors for ubiquitination to maintain the monoubiquitination status of DEDD. A central region in DEDD (amino acids 109-305) outside the death effector domain was found to be essential for ubiquitination and/or the docking of the ubiquitination machinery. Fusion of ubiquitin to the C-terminus of DEDD to mimic monoubiquitinated DEDD relocated DEDD from nucleoli to the cytosol. This fusion protein also demonstrated a greater apoptosis potential than unmodified DEDD. Finally, we show that both mono- and polyubiquitination of DEDD can be achieved by the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins 1 and 2 (cIAP-1/2). In addition, the cotransfection of DEDD with cIAP-1 or cIAP-2 results in the relocalization of the IAPs to the nucleoli. Our data suggest that monoubiquitination of DEDD regulates both its cytoplasmic localization and its proapoptotic potential and that IAP proteins can regulate DEDD's ubiquitination status.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Lee
- The Ben May Institute for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, 924 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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46
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Abstract
Ubiquitin regulates cell functions by modifying various proteins, and cytokeratin (CK) is one of the targets of ubiquitilation. Accumulation of modified CK in various cancers has been demonstrated, and the modified CK increases the aggressiveness of the cancer by disrupting the cytoplasmic CK network and allows them to move freely. The phenotype of the cancer cells may be altered in such a way as to facilitate invasion and metastasis. Modified CK also deregulates mechanisms of mitosis and apoptosis, and leads to immortalization. Therapeutic targeting of ubiquitin or ubiquitilated proteins may reduce the malignant potential of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Iwaya
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Nishi-Shinjuku 6-7-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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47
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Christgen M, Schniewind B, Jueschke A, Ungefroren H, Kalthoff H. Gemcitabine-mediated apoptosis is associated with increased CD95 surface expression but is not inhibited by DN-FADD in Colo357 pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2005; 227:193-200. [PMID: 16112422 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2004] [Revised: 01/13/2005] [Accepted: 01/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the role of caspase-8 and DN-FADD, an inhibitor of CD95-dependent caspase-8 activation, in gemcitabine-induced apoptosis of Colo357 pancreatic cancer cells. Gemcitabine-mediated apoptosis was monitored by the kinetics of caspase-8 activation and cytochrome c release. Gemcitabine treatment of Colo357 cells increased CD95 surface expression, raising the possibility of the involvement of CD95 in gemcitabine-mediated caspase-8 activation. However, ectopic expression of DN-FADD and treatment of cells with the antagonistic anti-CD95 antibody ZB4 both failed to suppress gemcitabine-induced apoptosis but substantially inhibited CD95-mediated apoptosis. DN-FADD, which surprisingly accumulated in nuclei of Colo357 cells, was unable to block caspase-8 activation mediated by either gemcitabine or CD95. These observations argue against a role of CD95 in gemcitabine-induced caspase-8 activation and reveal that the anti-apoptotic function of DN-FADD differs from caspase-8 inhibition in Colo357 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Christgen
- Clinic for General and Thoracic Surgery, Molecular Oncology Research Group, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 7, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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48
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Song Z, Wu M. Identification of a novel nucleolar localization signal and a degradation signal in Survivin-deltaEx3: a potential link between nucleolus and protein degradation. Oncogene 2005; 24:2723-34. [PMID: 15735764 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
For a long time, as the most prominent subnuclear structure, nucleolus has been recognized as a main site where rRNA processing and ribosomal subunit assemblies take place. It has not been until recently that additional functions of nucleolus have begun to be proposed. In this study, we for the first time demonstrate that Survivin-deltaEx3, a novel functionally splice variant of Survivin localizes in the nucleoli where it degrades rapidly through ubiquitin-proteosome pathway. Several lines of evidences provided in this report support this finding (i) a novel nucleolar localization sequence (NoLS, MQRKPTIRRKNLRLRRK) and a novel degradation signal (aa92-aa137) within Survivin-deltaEx3 were identified (ii) proteasome inhibitors MG132 or ALLN greatly inhibits degradation of Survivin-deltaEx3 and polyubiquitination of Survivin-deltaEx3 was detected (iii) heterologous proteins such as TAT-PTD or p14ARF, when fused to this putative degradation signal, result in a significant degradation within the nucleolus. In addition, the nucleolar localization and degradation of Survivin-deltaEx3 appear to be required for its antiapoptotic function, since neither NoLS-deleted nor degradation signal-deleted Survivin-deltaEx3 retains protective effect against Doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Thus, our results have provided evidences to suggest that besides cytosol, nucleus, endoplsmic reticulum (ER) or lysosomes, nucleolus may also operate important protein degradation pathway, which has been overlooked previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyin Song
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
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49
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Palamarchuk A, Efanov A, Maximov V, Aqeilan RI, Croce CM, Pekarsky Y. Akt Phosphorylates Tal1 Oncoprotein and Inhibits Its Repressor Activity. Cancer Res 2005; 65:4515-9. [PMID: 15930267 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-0751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The helix-loop-helix transcription factor Tal1 is required for blood cell development and its activation is a frequent event in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The Akt (protein kinase B) kinase is a key player in transduction of antiapoptotic and proliferative signals in T cells. Because Tal1 has a putative Akt phosphorylation site at Thr90, we investigated whether Akt regulates Tal1. Our results show that Akt specifically phosphorylates Thr90 of the Tal1 protein within its transactivation domain in vitro and in vivo. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed the presence of Tal1 in Akt immune complexes, suggesting that Tal1 and Akt physically interact. We further showed that phosphorylation of Tal1 by Akt causes redistribution of Tal1 within the nucleus. Using luciferase assay, we showed that phosphorylation of Tal1 by Akt decreased repressor activity of Tal1 on EpB42 (P4.2) promoter. Thus, these data indicate that Akt interacts with Tal1 and regulates Tal1 by phosphorylation at Thr90 in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Palamarchuk
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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50
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Danen-van Oorschot AAAM, Voskamp P, Seelen MCMJ, van Miltenburg MHAM, Bolk MW, Tait SW, Boesen-de Cock JGR, Rohn JL, Borst J, Noteborn MHM. Human death effector domain-associated factor interacts with the viral apoptosis agonist Apoptin and exerts tumor-preferential cell killing. Cell Death Differ 2005; 11:564-73. [PMID: 14765135 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptin, a protein from chicken anemia virus without an apparent cellular homologue, can induce apoptosis in mammalian cells. Its cytotoxicity is limited to transformed or tumor cells, making Apoptin a highly interesting candidate for cancer therapy. To elucidate Apoptin's mechanism of action, we have searched for binding partners in the human proteome. Here, we report that Apoptin interacts with DEDAF, a protein previously found to associate with death effector domain (DED)-containing pro-apoptotic proteins, and to be involved in regulation of transcription. Like Apoptin, after transient overexpression, DEDAF induced apoptosis in various human tumor cell lines, but not in primary fibroblasts or mesenchymal cells. DEDAF-induced cell death was inhibited by the caspase inhibitor p35. Together with the reported association of DEDAF with a DED-containing DNA-binding protein in the nucleus and the transcription regulatory activity, our findings may provide a clue for the mechanism of Apoptin's actions in mammalian cells.
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