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Kovalskaia VA, Cherevatova TB, Polyakov AV, Ryzhkova OP. Molecular basis and genetics of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasias. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:676-683. [PMID: 38023809 PMCID: PMC10643535 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a heterogeneous group of hereditary diseases of the skin and its appendages, which are characterized by impaired development and/or homeostasis of two or more ectoderm derivatives, including: hair, teeth, nails, sweat glands and their modifications (mammary glands, for instance). The overall prevalence of ectodermal dysplasia remains precisely unknown not only in Russia, but also in the world, nor is known the contribution of individual genes to its structure. This complicates the DNA diagnosis establishment of this disease due to the lack of an accurate diagnostic algorithm and a universal cost-effective method of analysis. To date, the most highly-researched genes involved in the development of anhydrous or hypohidrotic forms of ED are EDA, EDAR, EDARADD and WNT10A. The ectodysplasin A (EDA) gene is the cause of the most common X-linked form of ED, a gene from the Wnt family (WNT10A) is responsible for the autosomal recessive form of the disease, and two other genes (EDAR and EDARADD) can cause both autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant forms. This review provides the characteristics of the genes involved in ED, their mutation spectra, the level of their expression in human tissues, as well as the interrelation of the aforementioned genes. The domain structures of the corresponding proteins are considered, as well as the molecular genetic pathways in which they are involved. Animal models for studying this disorder are also taken into consideration. Due to the cross-species genes conservation, their mutations cause the disruption of the development of ectoderm derivatives not only in humans, but also in mice, cows, dogs, and even fish. It can be exploited for a better understanding of the etiopathogenesis of ectodermal dysplasias. Moreover, this article brings up the possibility of recurrent mutations in the EDA and WNT10A genes. The review also presents data on promising approaches for intrauterine ED treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A V Polyakov
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - O P Ryzhkova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
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Gao Y, Jiang X, Wei Z, Long H, Lai W. The EDA/EDAR/NF-κB pathway in non-syndromic tooth agenesis: A genetic perspective. Front Genet 2023; 14:1168538. [PMID: 37077539 PMCID: PMC10106650 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1168538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-syndromic tooth agenesis (NSTA) is one of the most common dental developmental malformations affected by genetic factors predominantly. Among all 36 candidate genes reported in NSTA individuals, EDA, EDAR, and EDARADD play essential roles in ectodermal organ development. As members of the EDA/EDAR/NF-κB signaling pathway, mutations in these genes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of NSTA, as well as hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), a rare genetic disorder that affects multiple ectodermal structures, including teeth. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the genetic basis of NSTA, with a focus on the pathogenic effects of the EDA/EDAR/NF-κB signaling pathway and the role of EDA, EDAR, and EDARADD mutations in developmental tooth defects. We also discuss the phenotypic overlap and genetic differences between NSTA and HED. Ultimately, this review highlights the importance of genetic analysis in diagnosing and managing NSTA and related ectodermal disorders, and the need for ongoing research to improve our understanding of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohui Jiang
- Human Sperm Bank, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenli Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wenli Lai,
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Structural insights into pathogenic mechanism of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia caused by ectodysplasin A variants. Nat Commun 2023; 14:767. [PMID: 36765055 PMCID: PMC9918506 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
EDA is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family member, which functions together with its cognate receptor EDAR during ectodermal organ development. Mutations of EDA have long been known to cause X-linked hypohidrotic dysplasia in humans characterized by primary defects in teeth, hair and sweat glands. However, the structural information of EDA interaction with EDAR is lacking and the pathogenic mechanism of EDA variants is poorly understood. Here, we report the crystal structure of EDA C-terminal TNF homology domain bound to the N-terminal cysteine-rich domains of EDAR. Together with biochemical, cellular and mouse genetic studies, we show that different EDA mutations lead to varying degrees of ectodermal developmental defects in mice, which is consistent with the clinical observations on human patients. Our work extends the understanding of the EDA signaling mechanism, and provides important insights into the molecular pathogenesis of disease-causing EDA variants.
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Schneider H, Hadj-Rabia S, Faschingbauer F, Bodemer C, Grange DK, Norton ME, Cavalli R, Tadini G, Stepan H, Clarke A, Guillén-Navarro E, Maier-Wohlfart S, Bouroubi A, Porte F. Protocol for the Phase 2 EDELIFE Trial Investigating the Efficacy and Safety of Intra-Amniotic ER004 Administration to Male Subjects with X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:153. [PMID: 36672894 PMCID: PMC9858920 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) is a rare genetic disorder characte-rised by abnormal development of the skin and its appendages, such as hair and sweat glands, the teeth, and mucous glands of the airways, resulting in serious, sometimes life-threatening complications like hyperthermia or recurrent respiratory infections. It is caused by pathogenic variants of the ectodysplasin A gene (EDA). Most affected males are hemizygous for EDA null mutations that lead to the absence or inactivity of the signalling protein ectodysplasin A1 (EDA1) and, thus, to the full-blown phenotype with inability to perspire and few if any teeth. There are currently no long-term treatment options for XLHED. ER004 represents a first-in-class protein replacement molecule designed for specific, high-affinity binding to the endogenous EDA1 receptor (EDAR). Its proposed mechanism of action is the replacement of missing EDA1 in yet unborn patients with XLHED. Once bound to EDAR, ER004 activates the EDA/NFκB signalling pathway, which triggers the transcription of genes involved in the normal development of multiple tissues. Following preclinical studies, named-patient use cases demonstrated significant potential of ER004 in affected males treated in utero during the late second and third trimesters of pregnancy. In order to confirm these results, we started the EDELIFE trial, a prospective, open-label, genotype-match controlled, multicentre clinical study to investigate the efficacy and safety of intra-amniotic ER004 administration as a prenatal treatment for male subjects with XLHED. This article summarises the rationale, the study protocol, ethical issues of the trial, and potential pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holm Schneider
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias and Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Smail Hadj-Rabia
- Department of Dermatology, Reference Centre for Genodermatoses and Rare Skin Diseases (MAGEC), Hopital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hospitals of Paris, University of Paris-Cité, 75743 Paris, France
| | - Florian Faschingbauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christine Bodemer
- Department of Dermatology, Reference Centre for Genodermatoses and Rare Skin Diseases (MAGEC), Hopital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique—Hospitals of Paris, University of Paris-Cité, 75743 Paris, France
| | - Dorothy K. Grange
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mary E. Norton
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Riccardo Cavalli
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tadini
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Holger Stepan
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angus Clarke
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Encarna Guillén-Navarro
- Medical Genetics Section, Department of Pediatrics, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sigrun Maier-Wohlfart
- Center for Ectodermal Dysplasias and Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Ou S, Jeyalatha MV, Mao Y, Wang J, Chen C, Zhang M, Liu X, Liang M, Lin S, Wu Y, Li Y, Li W. The Role of Ectodysplasin A on the Ocular Surface Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415700. [PMID: 36555342 PMCID: PMC9779463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodysplasin A (EDA), a ligand of the TNF family, plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the ocular surface. EDA is necessary for the development of the meibomian gland, the lacrimal gland, as well as the proliferation and barrier function of the corneal epithelium. The mutation of EDA can induce the destruction of the ocular surface resulting in keratopathy, abnormality of the meibomian gland and maturation of the lacrimal gland. Experimental animal studies showed that a prenatal ultrasound-guided intra-amniotic injection or postnatal intravenous administration of soluble recombinant EDA protein can efficiently prevent the development of ocular surface abnormalities in EDA mutant animals. Furthermore, local application of EDA could restore the damaged ocular surface to some extent. Hence, a recombinant EDA-based therapy may serve as a novel paradigm to treat ocular surface disorders, such as meibomian gland dysfunction and corneal epithelium abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangkun Ou
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal & Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Mani Vimalin Jeyalatha
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Yi Mao
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Junqi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Chao Chen
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Minjie Zhang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Minghui Liang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Sijie Lin
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Yiming Wu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Wei Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal & Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen 361000, China
- Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-592-2183761
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Marrero E, Attal N, Nimeri A, McGee RM, Benbow JH, Thompson KJ, Schrum LW, McKillop IH. Ectodysplasin-A mRNA in exosomes released from activated hepatic stellate cells stimulates macrophage response. Exp Cell Res 2022; 419:113297. [PMID: 35964664 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The interaction between activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) and macrophages is central to liver fibrosis development. The cargo contained within aHSC exosomes (aHSC-EXOs) and how aHSC-EXOs affect macrophage function is poorly understood. METHODS RNA from aHSC-EXOs was separated into small (<200-basepairs) and large (≥200-basepairs) RNA species, transfected into macrophages, and macrophage IL-6 and TNFα mRNA expression and protein secretion measured. Next generation sequencing was performed on EXOs from rat quiescent and aHSCs and human aHSCs. aHSCs were transfected with siRNA against ectodysplasin-A (EDA), EXOs collected, and their effect on macrophage function analyzed. Human cirrhotic liver was analyzed for EDA mRNA expression and compared to non-tumor liver (NTL). RESULTS Transfection with large RNA from aHSC-EXOs stimulated macrophage IL-6 and TNFα mRNA expression and protein secretion. EDA mRNA was highly expressed in aHSCs and transfection of aHSCs with EDA-siRNA decreased aHSC-EXO EDA mRNA and blunted the effect of aHSC-EXOs on macrophage function (IL-6/TNFα expression and macrophage migration). Human cirrhotic liver exhibited high EDA mRNA compared to NTL. CONCLUSIONS HSC activation leads to altered EXO mRNA/miRNA profiles with aHSC-EXOs mRNAs exerting a dominant role in altering macrophage function. Ectodysplasin-A mRNA is an important component in aHSC-EXOs in regulating macrophage function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Marrero
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - Neha Attal
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - Ali Nimeri
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - Rachel M McGee
- Liver Pathobiology Laboratory, Internal Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - Jennifer H Benbow
- Liver Pathobiology Laboratory, Internal Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - Kyle J Thompson
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - Laura W Schrum
- Liver Pathobiology Laboratory, Internal Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - Iain H McKillop
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA.
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Yu K, Shen Y, Jiang CL, Huang W, Wang F, Wu YQ. Two novel ectodysplasin A gene mutations and prenatal diagnosis of X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1824. [PMID: 34582123 PMCID: PMC8606200 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is mainly caused by ectodysplasin A (EDA) gene mutation. Fetus with genetic deficiency of EDA can be prenatally corrected. This study aimed at revealing the pathogenesis of two HED families and making a prenatal diagnosis for one pregnant female carrier. Designs Genomic DNA was extracted from two HED patients and sequenced using whole exome sequencing (WES). The detected mutations were confirmed in patients and family members using Sanger sequencing. The expression of soluble ectodysplasin A1 (EDA1) protein was studied by western blot. The transcriptional activity of NF‐κB pathway was tested by dual luciferase assay. The genomic DNA of fetus was extracted from shed chorion cells and EDA gene was screened through Sanger sequencing. Results We identified two novel EDA mutations: c.1136T>C (p.Phe379Ser) and c.[866G>C;868A>T] (p.[Arg289Pro;Ser290Cys]). Further examinations revealed that these two mutated EDA1 proteins showed completely impaired solubility, and the transcriptional NF‐κB activation induced by these missense mutant‐type EDA1 proteins was significantly reduced compared with wild‐type EDA1. Furthermore, the analysis of amniotic fluid samples from a pregnant heterozygote indicated that the fetus was a c.1136T>C mutation female carrier. Conclusions This study extended the mutation spectrum of X‐linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) and applied prenatal diagnosis for the pregnant carrier, which can be helpful in genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis, and intervention for the XLHED family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yu
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Shen
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Cai-Ling Jiang
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Qun Wu
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Zhang H, Kong X, Ren J, Yuan S, Liu C, Hou Y, Liu Y, Meng L, Zhang G, Du Q, Shen W. A novel EDAR missense mutation identified by whole-exome sequencing with non-syndromic tooth agenesis in a Chinese family. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1684. [PMID: 33943035 PMCID: PMC8222839 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Causative variants in genes of the EDA/EDAR/NF‐κB pathway, such as EDA and EDARADD, have been widely identified in patients with non‐syndromic tooth agenesis (NSTA). However, few cases of NSTA are due to ectodysplasin‐A receptor (EDAR) variants. In this study, we investigated NSTA‐associated variants in Chinese families. Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from the family members of 24 individuals with NSTA for DNA extraction. The coding region of the EDA gene of the 24 probands was amplified by PCR and sequenced to investigate new variants. Whole‐exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were then performed for probands without EDA variants detected by PCR. Results A novel missense variant EDAR c.338G>A (p.(Cys113Tyr)) was identified in one family. In addition, three known EDA variants (c.865C>T, c.866G>A, and c.1013C>T) were identified in three families. Genotype–phenotype correlation analysis of EDAR gene mutation showed that NSTA patients were most likely to lose the maxillary lateral incisors and the maxillary central incisors were the least affected. The phenotype of mutations at codon 289 of EDA in NSTA affected patients was characterized by lateral incisors loss, rarely affecting the maxillary first molars. Conclusion A novel EDAR missense variant c.338G>A (p.(Cys113Tyr)) was identified in a family with NSTA, extending the mutation spectrum of the EDAR gene. Genotype–phenotype correlation analyses of EDAR and EDA mutations could help to improve disease status prediction in NSTA families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Xuanting Kong
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Jiabao Ren
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Yan Hou
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Lingqiang Meng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Qingqing Du
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Wenjing Shen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
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Wakabayashi T. Transmembrane Collagens in Neuromuscular Development and Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 13:635375. [PMID: 33536873 PMCID: PMC7848082 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.635375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular development is a multistep process and involves interactions among various extracellular and transmembrane molecules that facilitate the precise targeting of motor axons to synaptogenic regions of the target muscle. Collagenous proteins with transmembrane domains have recently emerged as molecules that play essential roles in multiple aspects of neuromuscular formation. Membrane-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices (MACITs) are classified as an unconventional subtype of the collagen superfamily and have been implicated in cell adhesion in a variety of tissues, including the neuromuscular system. Collagen XXV, the latest member of the MACITs, plays an essential role in motor axon growth within the developing muscle. In humans, loss-of-function mutations of collagen XXV result in developmental ocular motor disorders. In contrast, collagen XIII contributes to the formation and maintenance of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), and disruption of its function leads to the congenital myasthenic syndrome. Transmembrane collagens are conserved not only in mammals but also in organisms such as C. elegans, where a single MACIT, COL-99, has been documented to function in motor innervation. Furthermore, in C. elegans, a collagen-like transmembrane protein, UNC-122, is implicated in the structural and functional integrity of the NMJ. This review article summarizes recent advances in understanding the roles of transmembrane collagens and underlying molecular mechanisms in multiple aspects of neuromuscular development and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Wakabayashi
- Department of Innovative Dementia Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Andreoni F, Sgattoni C, Bencardino D, Simonetti O, Forabosco A, Magnani M. Missense mutations in EDA and EDAR genes cause dominant syndromic tooth agenesis. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1555. [PMID: 33205897 PMCID: PMC7963410 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is the most common form of ectodermal dysplasia and is mainly associated with mutations in the EDA, EDAR, and EDARADD responsible for the development of ectodermal-derived structures. HED displays different modes of inheritance according to the gene that is involved, with X-linked EDA-related HED being the most frequent form of the disease. METHODS Two families with tooth agenesis and manifestations of HED underwent clinical examination and EDA, EDAR, and EDARADD genetic analysis. The impact of the novel variant on the protein was evaluated through bioinformatics tools, whereas molecular modeling was used to predict the effect on the protein structure. RESULTS A novel missense variant was identified in the EDAR (c.287T>C, p.Phe96Ser) of a female child proband and her mother, accounting for autosomal dominant HED. The genetic variant c.866G>A (p.Arg289His) in EDA, which has been previously described, was observed in the male proband of another family confirming its role in X-linked HED. The inheritance model of the missense mutation showed a different relationship with X-linked HED and non-syndromic tooth agenesis. CONCLUSION Our findings provide evidence of variable expression of HED in heterozygous females, which should be considered for genetic counseling, and different modes of inheritance related to tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Sgattoni
- Coordinamento Interdipartimentale Malattie RareAzienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di AnconaAnconaItaly
| | | | - Oriana Simonetti
- Clinica DermatologicaAzienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di AnconaAnconaItaly
| | | | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of UrbinoFanoItaly
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11
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Bayliss J, Ooi GJ, De Nardo W, Shah YJH, Montgomery MK, McLean C, Kemp W, Roberts SK, Brown WA, Burton PR, Watt MJ. Ectodysplasin A Is Increased in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, But Is Not Associated With Type 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:642432. [PMID: 33746906 PMCID: PMC7970300 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.642432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ectodysplasin A (EDA) was recently identified as a liver-secreted protein that is increased in the liver and plasma of obese mice and causes skeletal muscle insulin resistance. We assessed if liver and plasma EDA is associated with worsening non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese patients and evaluated plasma EDA as a biomarker for NAFLD. Using a cross-sectional study in a public hospital, patients with a body mass index >30 kg/m2 (n=152) underwent liver biopsy for histopathology assessment and fasting liver EDA mRNA. Fasting plasma EDA levels were also assessed. Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) was defined as >5% hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) as NAFLD activity score ≥3. Patients were divided into three groups: No NAFLD (n=45); NAFL (n=65); and NASH (n=42). Liver EDA mRNA was increased in patients with NASH compared with No NAFLD (P=0.05), but not NAFL. Plasma EDA levels were increased in NAFL and NASH compared with No NAFLD (P=0.03). Plasma EDA was related to worsening steatosis (P=0.02) and fibrosis (P=0.04), but not inflammation or hepatocellular ballooning. ROC analysis indicates that plasma EDA is not a reliable biomarker for NAFL or NASH. Plasma EDA was not increased in patients with type 2 diabetes and did not correlate with insulin resistance. Together, we show that plasma EDA is increased in NAFL and NASH, is related to worsening steatosis and fibrosis but is not a reliable biomarker for NASH. Circulating EDA is not associated with insulin resistance in human obesity. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12615000875505, identifier ACTRN12615000875505.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Bayliss
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Geraldine J. Ooi
- Department of Surgery, Centre for Obesity Research and Education, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - William De Nardo
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yazmin Johari Halim Shah
- Department of Surgery, Centre for Obesity Research and Education, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Magdalene K. Montgomery
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Catriona McLean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - William Kemp
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart K. Roberts
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wendy A. Brown
- Department of Surgery, Centre for Obesity Research and Education, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul R. Burton
- Department of Surgery, Centre for Obesity Research and Education, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Watt
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Matthew J. Watt,
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12
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Deleterious Variants in WNT10A, EDAR, and EDA Causing Isolated and Syndromic Tooth Agenesis: A Structural Perspective from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215282. [PMID: 31652981 PMCID: PMC6862269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dental abnormalities are the typical features of many ectodermal dysplasias along with congenital malformations of nails, skin, hair, and sweat glands. However, several reports of non-syndromic/isolated tooth agenesis have also been found in the literature. The characteristic features of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) comprise of hypodontia/oligodontia, along with hypohidrosis/anhidrosis, and hypotrichosis. Pathogenic variants in EDA, EDAR, EDARADD, and TRAF6, cause the phenotypic expression of HED. Genetic alterations in EDA and WNT10A cause particularly non-syndromic/isolated oligodontia. In the current project, we recruited 57 patients of 17 genetic pedigrees (A-Q) from different geographic regions of the world, including Pakistan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Syria. The molecular investigation of different syndromic and non-syndromic dental conditions, including hypodontia, oligodontia, generalized odontodysplasia, and dental crowding was carried out by using exome and Sanger sequencing. We have identified a novel missense variant (c.311G>A; p.Arg104His) in WNT10A in three oligodontia patients of family A, two novel sequence variants (c.207delinsTT, p.Gly70Trpfs*25 and c.1300T>G; p.Try434Gly) in EDAR in three patients of family B and four patients of family C, respectively. To better understand the structural and functional consequences of missense variants in WNT10A and EDAR on the stability of the proteins, we have performed extensive molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. We have also identified three previously reported pathogenic variants (c.1076T>C; p.Met359Thr), (c.1133C>T; p.Thr378Met) and (c.594_595insC; Gly201Argfs*39) in EDA in family D (four patients), E (two patients) and F (one patient), correspondingly. Presently, our data explain the genetic cause of 18 syndromic and non-syndromic tooth agenesis patients in six autosomal recessive and X-linked pedigrees (A-F), which expand the mutational spectrum of these unique clinical manifestations.
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13
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Sadia, Foo JN, Khor CC, Jelani M, Ali G. A recurrent missense mutation in the
EDAR
gene causes severe autosomal recessive hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in two consanguineous Kashmiri families. J Gene Med 2019; 21:e3113. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad Pakistan
| | - Jia Nee Foo
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore
- Human GeneticsGenome Institute of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | | | - Musharraf Jelani
- Center for Omic Sciences, Islamia College Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Ghazanfar Ali
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad Pakistan
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14
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A de Novo EDA-Variant in a Litter of Shorthaired Standard Dachshunds with X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:95-104. [PMID: 30397018 PMCID: PMC6325906 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present a detailed phenotype description and genetic elucidation of the first case of X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in the shorthaired standard Dachshund. This condition is characterized by partial congenital hypotrichosis, missing and malformed teeth and a lack of eccrine sweat glands. Clinical signs including dental radiographs and histopathological findings were consistent with ectodermal dysplasia. Pedigree analysis supported an X-recessive mode of inheritance. Whole-genome sequencing of one affected puppy and his dam identified a 1-basepair deletion within the ectodysplasin-A (EDA) gene (CM000039.3:g.54509504delT, c.458delT). Sanger sequencing of further family members confirmed the EDA:c.458delT-variant. Validation in all available family members, 37 unrelated shorthaired standard Dachshunds, 128 further Dachshunds from all other coat and size varieties and samples from 34 dog breeds revealed the EDA:c.458delT-variant to be private for this family. Two heterozygous females showed very mild congenital hypotrichosis but normal dentition. Since the dam is demonstrably the only heterozygous animal in the ancestry of the affected animals, we assume that the EDA:c.458delT-variant arose in the germline of the granddam or in an early embryonic stage of the dam. In conclusion, we detected a very recent de-novo EDA mutation causing X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in the shorthaired standard Dachshund.
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15
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Li S, Zhou J, Zhang L, Li J, Yu J, Ning K, Qu Y, He H, Chen Y, Reinach PS, Liu C, Liu Z, Li W. Ectodysplasin A regulates epithelial barrier function through sonic hedgehog signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:230-240. [PMID: 28782908 PMCID: PMC5742694 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodysplasin A (Eda), a member of the tumour necrosis factor superfamily, plays an important role in ectodermal organ development. An EDA mutation underlies the most common of ectodermal dysplasias, that is X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) in humans. Even though it lacks a developmental function, the role of Eda during the postnatal stage remains elusive. In this study, we found tight junctional proteins ZO-1 and claudin-1 expression is largely reduced in epidermal, corneal and lung epithelia in Eda mutant Tabby mice at different postnatal ages. These declines are associated with tail ulceration, corneal pannus formation and lung infection. Furthermore, topical application of recombinant Eda protein markedly mitigated corneal barrier dysfunction. Using cultures of a human corneal epithelial cell line and Tabby mouse skin tissue explants, Eda up-regulated expression of ZO-1 and claudin-1 through activation of the sonic hedgehog signalling pathway. We conclude that EDA gene expression contributes to the maintenance of epithelial barrier function. Such insight may help efforts to identify novel strategies for improving management of XLHED disease manifestations in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanming Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Medical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceXiamenFujianChina
| | - Jing Zhou
- Eye Institute of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Medical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceXiamenFujianChina
| | - Liying Zhang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Medical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceXiamenFujianChina
| | - Juan Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Medical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceXiamenFujianChina
| | - Jingwen Yu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Medical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceXiamenFujianChina
| | - Ke Ning
- Eye Institute of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Medical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceXiamenFujianChina
| | - Yangluowa Qu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Medical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceXiamenFujianChina
| | - Hui He
- Eye Institute of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Medical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceXiamenFujianChina
| | - Yongxiong Chen
- Eye Institute of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Medical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceXiamenFujianChina
| | | | - Chia‐Yang Liu
- School of Optometry BloomingtonIndiana University BloomingtonBloomingtonINUSA
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Medical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceXiamenFujianChina
- Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye CenterXiamenFujianChina
| | - Wei Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Medical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceXiamenFujianChina
- Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye CenterXiamenFujianChina
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16
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Krieger K, Millar SE, Mikuda N, Krahn I, Kloepper JE, Bertolini M, Scheidereit C, Paus R, Schmidt-Ullrich R. NF-κB Participates in Mouse Hair Cycle Control and Plays Distinct Roles in the Various Pelage Hair Follicle Types. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:256-264. [PMID: 28942365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB controls key features of hair follicle (HF) development, but the role of NF-κB in adult HF cycle regulation remains obscure. Using NF-κB reporter mouse models, strong NF-κB activity was detected in the secondary hair germ of late telogen and early anagen HFs, suggesting a potential role for NF-κB in HF stem/progenitor cell activation during anagen induction. At mid-anagen, NF-κB activity was observed in the inner root sheath and unilaterally clustered in the HF matrix, which indicates that NF-κB activity is also involved in hair fiber morphogenesis during HF cycling. A mouse model with inducible NF-κB suppression in the epithelium revealed pelage hair-type-dependent functions of NF-κB in cycling HFs. NF-κB participates in telogen-anagen transition in awl and zigzag HFs, and is required for zigzag hair bending and guard HF cycling. Interestingly, zigzag hair shaft bending depends on noncanonical NF-κB signaling, which previously has only been associated with lymphoid cell biology. Furthermore, loss of guard HF cycling suggests that in this particular hair type, NF-κB is indispensable for stem cell activation, maintenance, and/or growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Krieger
- Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah E Millar
- Departments of Dermatology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nadine Mikuda
- Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inge Krahn
- Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marta Bertolini
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Claus Scheidereit
- Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Paus
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ruth Schmidt-Ullrich
- Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Li S, Zhou J, Bu J, Ning K, Zhang L, Li J, Guo Y, He X, He H, Cai X, Chen Y, Reinach PS, Liu Z, Li W. Ectodysplasin A protein promotes corneal epithelial cell proliferation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:13391-13401. [PMID: 28655773 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.803809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The EDA gene encodes ectodysplasin A (Eda), which if mutated causes X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) disease in humans. Ocular surface changes occur in XLHED patients whereas its underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we found Eda was highly expressed in meibomian glands, and it was detected in human tears but not serum. Corneal epithelial integrity was defective and the thickness was reduced in the early postnatal stage of Eda mutant Tabby mice. Corneal epithelial cell proliferation decreased and the epithelial wound healing was delayed in Tabby mice, whereas it was restored by exogenous Eda. Eda exposure promoted mouse corneal epithelial wound healing during organ culture, whereas scratch wound assay showed that it did not affect human corneal epithelial cell line migration. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphorylated EGFR (p-EGFR), and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK) were down-regulated in Tabby mice corneal epithelium. Eda treatment up-regulated the expression of Ki67, EGFR, p-EGFR, and p-ERK in human corneal epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, Eda protein can be secreted from meibomian glands and promotes corneal epithelial cell proliferation through regulation of the EGFR signaling pathway. Eda release into the tears plays an essential role in the maintenance of corneal epithelial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanming Li
- From the Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102.,the Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102.,the Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, and
| | - Jing Zhou
- From the Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102.,the Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102.,the Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, and
| | - Jinghua Bu
- From the Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102.,the Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102.,the Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, and
| | - Ke Ning
- From the Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102.,the Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102.,the Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, and
| | - Liying Zhang
- From the Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102.,the Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102.,the Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, and
| | - Juan Li
- From the Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102.,the Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102.,the Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, and
| | - Yuli Guo
- From the Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102.,the Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102.,the Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, and
| | - Xin He
- From the Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102.,the Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102.,the Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, and
| | - Hui He
- From the Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102.,the Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102.,the Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, and
| | - Xiaoxin Cai
- From the Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102.,the Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102.,the Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, and
| | - Yongxiong Chen
- From the Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102.,the Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102.,the Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, and
| | | | - Zuguo Liu
- From the Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102.,the Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102.,the Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, and.,the Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen, Fujian 361000
| | - Wei Li
- From the Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, .,the Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102.,the Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, and.,the Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen, Fujian 361000
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18
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Tien WS, Chen JH, Wu KP. SheddomeDB: the ectodomain shedding database for membrane-bound shed markers. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:42. [PMID: 28361715 PMCID: PMC5374707 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1465-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of membrane-anchored proteins are known to be released from cell surface via ectodomain shedding. The cleavage and release of membrane proteins has been shown to modulate various cellular processes and disease pathologies. Numerous studies revealed that cell membrane molecules of diverse functional groups are subjected to proteolytic cleavage, and the released soluble form of proteins may modulate various signaling processes. Therefore, in addition to the secreted protein markers that undergo secretion through the secretory pathway, the shed membrane proteins may comprise an additional resource of noninvasive and accessible biomarkers. In this context, identifying the membrane-bound proteins that will be shed has become important in the discovery of clinically noninvasive biomarkers. Nevertheless, a data repository for biological and clinical researchers to review the shedding information, which is experimentally validated, for membrane-bound protein shed markers is still lacking. RESULTS In this study, the database SheddomeDB was developed to integrate publicly available data of the shed membrane proteins. A comprehensive literature survey was performed to collect the membrane proteins that were verified to be cleaved or released in the supernatant by immunological-based validation experiments. From 436 studies on shedding, 401 validated shed membrane proteins were included, among which 199 shed membrane proteins have not been annotated or validated yet by existing cleavage databases. SheddomeDB attempted to provide a comprehensive shedding report, including the regulation of shedding machinery and the related function or diseases involved in the shedding events. In addition, our published tool ShedP was embedded into SheddomeDB to support researchers for predicting the shedding event on unknown or unrecorded membrane proteins. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, SheddomeDB is the first database for the identification of experimentally validated shed membrane proteins and currently may provide the most number of membrane proteins for reviewing the shedding information. The database included membrane-bound shed markers associated with numerous cellular processes and diseases, and some of these markers are potential novel markers because they are not annotated or validated yet in other databases. SheddomeDB may provide a useful resource for discovering membrane-bound shed markers. The interactive web of SheddomeDB is publicly available at http://bal.ym.edu.tw/SheddomeDB/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Sheng Tien
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Hong Chen
- Department of Computer Science, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Pin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
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19
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Shen W, Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu H, Zhao H, Zhang G, Snead ML, Han D, Feng H. Functional Study of Ectodysplasin-A Mutations Causing Non-Syndromic Tooth Agenesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154884. [PMID: 27144394 PMCID: PMC4856323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that ectodysplasin-A (EDA) mutations are associated with non-syndromic tooth agenesis. Indeed, we were the first to report three novel EDA mutations (A259E, R289C and R334H) in sporadic non-syndromic tooth agenesis. We studied the mechanism linking EDA mutations and non-syndromic tooth agenesis in human embryonic kidney 293T cells and mouse ameloblast-derived LS8 cells transfected with mutant isoforms of EDA. The receptor binding capability of the mutant EDA1 protein was impaired in comparison to wild-type EDA1. Although the non-syndromic tooth agenesis-causing EDA1 mutants possessed residual binding capability, the transcriptional activation of the receptor's downstream target, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), was compromised. We also analyzed the changes of selected genes in other signaling pathways, such as WNT and BMP, after EDA mutation. We found that non-syndromic tooth agenesis-causing EDA1 mutant proteins upregulate BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4) mRNA expression and downregulate WNT10A and WNT10B (wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 10A and 10B) mRNA expression. Our results indicated that non-syndromic tooth agenesis causing EDA mutations (A259E, R289C and R334H) were loss-of-function, and suggested that EDA may regulate the expression of WNT10A, WNT10B and BMP4 via NF-κB during tooth development. The results from our study may help to understand the molecular mechanism linking specific EDA mutations with non-syndromic tooth agenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Shen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, 050017, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haochen Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongshan Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Human Disease Genomics Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Malcolm L. Snead
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, United States of America
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Hailan Feng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
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De novo EDA mutations: Variable expression in two Egyptian families. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 68:21-8. [PMID: 27054699 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutations in the EDA gene, encoding the epithelial morphogen ectodysplasin-A, can result in different but overlapping phenotypes. Therefore the aim of the study was to search for etiological variations of EDA and other candidate genes in two unrelated Egyptian male children with sporadic non-syndromic tooth agenesis (NTA) and hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED). DESIGN Direct sequencing of the coding regions including exon-intron boundaries of EDA, MSX1, PAX9, WNT10A and EDAR was performed in probands and their available family members. RESULTS Two etiological mutations were found in the EDA coding region. The patient with NTA in both deciduous and permanent dentition was a carrier of a novel in-frame deletion situated in the short collagenous domain (c.663-680delTCCTCCTGGTCCTCAAGG, p.222-227delPPGPQG). The second mutation, located outside the minimal furin consensus motif (c.463C>T, p.Arg155Cys, rs132630312), was identified in the patient exhibiting all typical features of HED. The identified EDA mutations were not detected in probands' family members as well as in 188 unrelated control individuals. No pathogenic variants were found in the MSX1, PAX9, WNT10A and EDAR genes. CONCLUSION Our results increase the knowledge of the spectrum of EDA mutations and confirm that this gene is an important candidate gene for two developmental diseases sharing the common feature of the congenital lack of teeth. In addition, these results can support the hypothesis that X-linked HED and EDA-related NTA are the same disease with different degrees of severity.
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Ectodysplasin A Pathway Contributes to Human and Murine Skin Repair. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1022-1030. [PMID: 26829034 PMCID: PMC4967474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The highly conserved ectodysplasin A (EDA)/EDA receptor signaling pathway is critical during development for the formation of skin appendages. Mutations in genes encoding components of the EDA pathway disrupt normal appendage development, leading to the human disorder hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Spontaneous mutations in the murine Eda (Tabby) phenocopy human X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Little is known about the role of EDA signaling in adult skin homeostasis or repair. Because wound healing largely mimics the morphogenic events that occur during development, we propose a role for EDA signaling in adult wound repair. Here we report a pronounced delay in healing in Tabby mice, demonstrating a functional role for EDA signaling in adult skin. Moreover, pharmacological activation of the EDA pathway in both Tabby and wild-type mice significantly accelerates healing, influencing multiple processes including re-epithelialization and granulation tissue matrix deposition. Finally, we show that the healing promoting effects of EDA receptor activation are conserved in human skin repair. Thus, targeted manipulation of the EDA/EDA receptor pathway has clear therapeutic potential for the future treatment of human pathological wound healing.
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22
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Molecular basis of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: an update. J Appl Genet 2015; 57:51-61. [PMID: 26294279 PMCID: PMC4731439 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-015-0307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in understanding the molecular events underlying hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) caused by mutations of the genes encoding proteins of the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-related signaling pathway have been presented. These proteins are involved in signal transduction from ectoderm to mesenchyme during development of the fetus and are indispensable for the differentiation of ectoderm-derived structures such as eccrine sweat glands, teeth, hair, skin, and/or nails. Novel data were reviewed and discussed on the structure and functions of the components of TNFα-related signaling pathway, the consequences of mutations of the genes encoding these proteins, and the prospect for further investigations, which might elucidate the origin of HED.
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23
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Iida Y, Hibiya K, Inohaya K, Kudo A. Eda/Edar signaling guides fin ray formation with preceding osteoblast differentiation, as revealed by analyses of the medaka all-fin less mutantafl. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:765-77. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Iida
- Department of Biological Information; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Yokohama Japan
| | - Kenta Hibiya
- Department of Biological Information; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Yokohama Japan
| | - Keiji Inohaya
- Department of Biological Information; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Yokohama Japan
| | - Akira Kudo
- Department of Biological Information; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Yokohama Japan
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24
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Lee KE, Ko J, Shin TJ, Hyun HK, Lee SH, Kim JW. Oligodontia and curly hair occur with ectodysplasin-a mutations. J Dent Res 2014; 93:371-5. [PMID: 24487376 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514522059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodontia is the developmental absence of more than 5 permanent teeth except for the third molar. Familial oligodontia can occur as an isolated form or as part of a genetic syndrome. Mutations in the MSX1, PAX9, AXIN2, EDA, and WNT10A genes have been identified in familial non-syndromic oligodontia. Ectodermal dysplasia is a group of syndromes involving abnormalities of the ectodermal structures and is comprised of more than 150 different forms. Mutations in the ectodysplasin-A (EDA) gene have been associated with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, and partial disruption of the EDA signaling pathway has been shown to cause an isolated form of oligodontia. We identified 2 X-linked oligodontia families and performed mutational analysis of the EDA gene. The mutational analysis revealed 2 novel EDA mutations: c.866G>T, p.Arg289Leu and c.1135T>G, p.Phe379Val (reference sequence NM_001399.4). These mutations were perfectly segregated with oligodontia and curly hair within each family and were not found in the 150 control X-chromosomes with the same ethnic background and in the exome variant server. This study broadens the mutational spectrum of the EDA gene and the understanding of X-linked oligodontia with curly hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Vink CP, Ockeloen CW, ten Kate S, Koolen DA, Ploos van Amstel JK, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, van Heumen CC, Kleefstra T, Carels CEL. Variability in dentofacial phenotypes in four families with WNT10A mutations. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 22:1063-70. [PMID: 24398796 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes the inter- and intra-familial phenotypic variability in four families with WNT10A mutations. Clinical characteristics of the patients range from mild to severe isolated tooth agenesis, over mild symptoms of ectodermal dysplasia, to more severe syndromic forms like odonto-onycho-dermal dysplasia (OODD) and Schöpf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome (SSPS). Recurrent WNT10A mutations were identified in all affected family members and the associated symptoms are presented with emphasis on the dentofacial phenotypes obtained with inter alia three-dimensional facial stereophotogrammetry. A comprehensive overview of the literature regarding WNT10A mutations, associated conditions and developmental defects is presented. We conclude that OODD and SSPS should be considered as variable expressions of the same WNT10A genotype. In all affected individuals, a dished-in facial appearance was observed which might be helpful in the clinical setting as a clue to the underlying genetic etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P Vink
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte W Ockeloen
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands [2] Radboud Center for Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sietske ten Kate
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David A Koolen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anne-Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman
- 1] Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands [2] Radboud Center for Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Celeste C van Heumen
- 1] Radboud Center for Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands [2] Center for Special Dental Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands [2] Radboud Center for Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carine E L Carels
- 1] Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands [2] Radboud Center for Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands [3] Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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26
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The ectodysplasin pathway: from diseases to adaptations. Trends Genet 2013; 30:24-31. [PMID: 24070496 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ectodysplasin (EDA) pathway, which is active during the development of ectodermal organs, including teeth, hairs, feathers, and mammary glands, and which is crucial for fine-tuning the developmental network controlling the number, size, and density of these structures, was discovered by studying human patients affected by anhidrotic/hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. It comprises three main gene products: EDA, a ligand that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α family, EDAR, a receptor related to the TNFα receptors, and EDARADD, a specific adaptor. This core pathway relies on downstream NF-κB pathway activation to regulate target genes. The pathway has recently been found to be associated with specific adaptations in natural populations: the magnitude of armor plates in sticklebacks and the hair structure in Asian human populations. Thus, despite its role in human disease, the EDA pathway is a 'hopeful pathway' that could allow adaptive changes in ectodermal appendages which, as specialized interfaces with the environment, are considered hot-spots of morphological evolution.
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27
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Bashyam M, Chaudhary A, Reddy E, Reddy V, Acharya V, Nagarajaram H, Devi A, Bashyam L, Dalal A, Gupta N, Kabra M, Agarwal M, Phadke S, Tainwala R, Kumar R, Hariharan S. A founder ectodysplasin A receptor (EDAR) mutation results in a high frequency of the autosomal recessive form of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in India. Br J Dermatol 2012; 166:819-29. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10707.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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28
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Masui Y, Farooq M, Sato N, Fujimoto A, Fujikawa H, Ito M, Shimomura Y. A Missense Mutation in the Death Domain of EDAR Abolishes the Interaction with EDARADD and Underlies Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia. Dermatology 2011; 223:74-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000330557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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29
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Kurban M, Michailidis E, Wajid M, Shimomura Y, Christiano AM. A common founder mutation in the EDA-A1 gene in X-linked hypodontia. Dermatology 2010; 221:243-7. [PMID: 20628232 DOI: 10.1159/000314329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-linked recessive hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED; OMIM 305100) is a rare genodermatosis characterized clinically by developmental abnormalities affecting the teeth, hair and sweat glands. Mutations in the EDA-A1 gene have been associated with XLHED. Recently, mutations in the EDA-A1 gene have also been implicated in isolated X-linked recessive hypodontia (XLRH; OMIM 313500). METHODS We analyzed the DNA from members of 3 unrelated Pakistani families with XLRH for mutations in the EDA-A1 gene through direct sequencing and performed haplotype analysis. RESULTS We identified a common missense mutation in both families designated c.1091T→C (p.M364T). Haplotype analysis revealed that this is a founder mutation in the 3 families. CONCLUSION XLHED is a syndrome with variable clinical presentations that contain a spectrum of findings, including hypodontia. We suggest that XLRH should be grouped under XLHED as both share several phenotypic and genotypic similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Kurban
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, N.Y., USA
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30
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Tanikawa C, Ri C, Kumar V, Nakamura Y, Matsuda K. Crosstalk of EDA-A2/XEDAR in the p53 signaling pathway. Mol Cancer Res 2010; 8:855-63. [PMID: 20501644 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We recently identified X-linked ectodermal dysplasia receptor (XEDAR, also known as TNFRSF27 or EDA2R) as a direct p53 target that was frequently downregulated in colorectal cancer tissues due to its epigenetic alterations or through the p53 gene mutations. However, the role of the posttranslational regulation of XEDAR protein in colorectal carcinogenesis was not well clarified thus far. Here, we report that the extracellular NH(2) terminus of XEDAR protein was cleaved by a metalloproteinase and released into culture media. The remaining COOH-terminal membrane-anchored fragment was rapidly degraded through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Interestingly, ectopic p53 expression also transactivated an XEDAR ligand, EDA-A2, together with XEDAR. Moreover, EDA-A2 blocked the cleavage of XEDAR and subsequently inhibited cell growth. We also found a missense mutation of the XEDAR gene in NCI-H716 colorectal cancer cells, which caused the translocation of XEDAR protein from cell membrane to cytoplasm. This mutation attenuated the growth-suppressive effect of XEDAR, indicating that membrane localization is critical for physiologic XEDAR function. Thus, our findings clearly revealed the crucial role of EDA-A2/XEDAR interaction in the p53-signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizu Tanikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato, Tokyo 1088639, Japan
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31
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Brown SAN, Ghosh A, Winkles JA. Full-length, membrane-anchored TWEAK can function as a juxtacrine signaling molecule and activate the NF-kappaB pathway. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:17432-41. [PMID: 20385556 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.131979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family members are initially synthesized as type II transmembrane proteins, but some of these proteins are substrates for proteolytic enzymes that generate soluble cytokines with biological activity. TWEAK (TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis), a member of the TNF family, is a multifunctional cytokine that acts via binding to a cell surface receptor named Fn14 (fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14). Studies conducted to date indicate that TWEAK-producing cells can co-express both membrane-anchored and soluble TWEAK isoforms, but there is little information on TWEAK proteolytic processing. Also, it is presently unclear whether membrane-anchored TWEAK, like soluble TWEAK, is biologically active. Here we show that full-length human TWEAK is processed intracellularly by the serine protease furin and identify TWEAK amino acid residues 90-93 as the predominant furin recognition site. In addition, we report that full-length, membrane-anchored TWEAK can bind the Fn14 receptor on neighboring cells and activate the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Thus, TWEAK can act in a juxtacrine manner to initiate cellular responses, and this property may be important for TWEAK function during physiological wound repair and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharron A N Brown
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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32
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Mahmood Z, Shukla Y. Death receptors: Targets for cancer therapy. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:887-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Priolo M. Ectodermal dysplasias: an overview and update of clinical and molecular-functional mechanisms. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 149A:2003-13. [PMID: 19504607 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The ectodermal dysplasias (EDs) are a large and complex group of disorders. In various combinations, they all share anomalies in hair, teeth, nails, and sweat gland function. The anomalies affecting the epidermis and epidermal appendages are extremely variable. Many are associated with malformations in other organs and systems. Clinical overlap is present among EDs. Few causative genes have been identified, to date. Most of the EDs present multisystem involvement with abnormal development of structures also derived from mesoderm. In the last few years, it has become evident that gene expression in the EDs is not limited to the ectoderm and that there is a concomitant effect on developing mesenchymal structures, with modification or abolition of ectodermal-mesenchymal signaling. It is possible to approach this group of diseases basing on functional and molecular findings and to begin to explain the complex clinical consequences of mutations affecting specific developmental pathways. We have reviewed the molecular basis of ectodermal dysplasias applying this new clinical-functional classification. For each subset of the identified ED, we will now describe the genes and related proteins involved in terms of: (1) structure of the genes and their role in differentiation of the epidermis and the ectodermal derivatives; (2) genotype-phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Priolo
- Operative Unit of Medical Genetics Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli Hospital, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
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Mues GI, Griggs R, Hartung AJ, Whelan G, Best LG, Srivastava AK, D'Souza R. From ectodermal dysplasia to selective tooth agenesis. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 149A:2037-41. [PMID: 19504606 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The history and the lessons learned from hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) may serve as an example for the unraveling of the cause and pathogenesis of other ectodermal dysplasia syndromes by demonstrating that phenotypically identical syndromes (HED) can be caused by mutations in different genes (EDA, EDAR, EDARADD), that mutations in the same gene (EDA) can lead to different phenotypes (HED and selective tooth agenesis) and that mutations in genes further downstream in the same signaling pathway (NEMO) may modify the phenotype quite profoundly (incontinentia pigmenti (IP) and HED with immunodeficiency). But it also demonstrates that diligent phenotype characterization and classification is extremely helpful in uncovering the underlying genotype. We also present a new mutation in the EDA gene which causes selective tooth agenesis and demonstrates the phenotype variation that can be encountered in the ectodermal dysplasia syndrome (HED) with the highest prevalence worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele I Mues
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
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35
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Mues G, Tardivel A, Willen L, Kapadia H, Seaman R, Frazier-Bowers S, Schneider P, D'Souza RN. Functional analysis of Ectodysplasin-A mutations causing selective tooth agenesis. Eur J Hum Genet 2010; 18:19-25. [PMID: 19623212 PMCID: PMC2795113 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the Ectodysplasin-A (EDA) gene are generally associated with the syndrome hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (MIM 305100), but they can also manifest as selective, non-syndromic tooth agenesis (MIM300606). We have performed an in vitro functional analysis of six selective tooth agenesis-causing EDA mutations (one novel and five known) that are located in the C-terminal tumor necrosis factor homology domain of the protein. Our study reveals that expression, receptor binding or signaling capability of the mutant EDA1 proteins is only impaired in contrast to syndrome-causing mutations, which we have previously shown to abolish EDA1 expression, receptor binding or signaling. Our results support a model in which the development of the human dentition, especially of anterior teeth, requires the highest level of EDA-receptor signaling, whereas other ectodermal appendages, including posterior teeth, have less stringent requirements and form normally in response to EDA mutations with reduced activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Mues
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Aubry Tardivel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, CH, Switzerland
| | - Laure Willen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, CH, Switzerland
| | - Hitesh Kapadia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robyn Seaman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sylvia Frazier-Bowers
- Department of Orthodontics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, CH, Switzerland
| | - Rena N D'Souza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
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Peterkova R, Churava S, Lesot H, Rothova M, Prochazka J, Peterka M, Klein OD. Revitalization of a diastemal tooth primordium in Spry2 null mice results from increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART B, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2009; 312B:292-308. [PMID: 19127536 PMCID: PMC2880865 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of the factors that promote or inhibit tooth development is essential for designing biological tooth replacements. The embryonic mouse dentition provides an ideal system for studying such factors because it consists of two types of tooth primordia. One type of primordium will go on to form a functional tooth, whereas the other initiates development but arrests at or before the bud stage. This developmental arrest contributes to the formation of the toothless mouse diastema. It is accompanied by the apoptosis of the rudimentary diastemal buds, which presumably results from the insufficient activity of anti-apoptotic signals such as fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). We have previously shown that the arrest of a rudimentary tooth bud can be rescued by inactivating Spry2, an antagonist of FGF signaling. Here, we studied the role of the epithelial cell death and proliferation in this process by comparing the development of a rudimentary diastemal tooth bud (R(2)) and the first molar in the mandibles of Spry2(-/-) and wild-type (WT) embryos using histological sections, image analysis and 3D reconstructions. In the WT R(2) at embryonic day 13.5, significantly increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation were found compared with the first molar. In contrast, increased levels of FGF signaling in Spry2(-/-) embryos led to significantly decreased apoptosis and increased proliferation in the R(2) bud. Consequently, the R(2) was involved in the formation of a supernumerary tooth primordium. Studies of the revitalization of rudimentary tooth primordia in mutant mice can help to lay the foundation for tooth regeneration by enhancing our knowledge of mechanisms that regulate tooth formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Peterkova
- Department of Teratology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Svatava Churava
- Department of Teratology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Herve Lesot
- INSERM U595, Faculté de Médecine, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
- International Collaborating Centre in Oro-Facial Genetics and Development, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michaela Rothova
- Department of Teratology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prochazka
- Department of Teratology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Peterka
- Department of Teratology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ophir D. Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Institutes of Human Genetics and Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Salivary gland branching morphogenesis: a quantitative systems analysis of the Eda/Edar/NFkappaB paradigm. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2009; 9:32. [PMID: 19500387 PMCID: PMC2700095 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-9-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 06/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectodysplasin-A appears to be a critical component of branching morphogenesis. Mutations in mouse Eda or human EDA are associated with absent or hypoplastic sweat glands, sebaceous glands, lacrimal glands, salivary glands (SMGs), mammary glands and/or nipples, and mucous glands of the bronchial, esophageal and colonic mucosa. In this study, we utilized EdaTa (Tabby) mutant mice to investigate how a marked reduction in functional Eda propagates with time through a defined genetic subcircuit and to test the proposition that canonical NFkappaB signaling is sufficient to account for the differential expression of developmentally regulated genes in the context of Eda polymorphism. RESULTS The quantitative systems analyses do not support the stated hypothesis. For most NFkappaB-regulated genes, the observed time course of gene expression is nearly unchanged in Tabby (EdaTa) as compared to wildtype mice, as is NFkappaB itself. Importantly, a subset of genes is dramatically differentially expressed in Tabby (Edar, Fgf8, Shh, Egf, Tgfa, Egfr), strongly suggesting the existence of an alternative Eda-mediated transcriptional pathway pivotal for SMG ontogeny. Experimental and in silico investigations have identified C/EBPalpha as a promising candidate. CONCLUSION In Tabby SMGs, upregulation of the Egf/Tgfalpha/Egfr pathway appears to mitigate the potentially severe abnormal phenotype predicted by the downregulation of Fgf8 and Shh. Others have suggested that the buffering of the phenotypic outcome that is coincident with variant Eda signaling could be a common mechanism that permits viable and diverse phenotypes, normal and abnormal. Our results support this proposition. Further, if branching epithelia use variations of a canonical developmental program, our results are likely applicable to understanding the phenotypes of other branching organs affected by Eda (EDA) mutation.
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Identification of mutations in theEDAandEDARgenes in Pakistani families with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Clin Genet 2009; 75:582-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2009.01178.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Valcuende-Cavero F, Martinez F, Pérez-Pastor G, Oltra S, Ferrer I, Tomás-Cabedo G, Moreno-Presmanes M. Autosomal-dominant hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia caused by a novel mutation. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2008; 22:1508-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.02685.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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40
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Analysis of the temporal requirement for eda in hair and sweat gland development. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 129:984-93. [PMID: 18923450 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
EDA signaling is important in skin appendage initiation. Its possible involvement in appendage subtype determination and postinduction stage appendage development, however, has not been studied systematically. To address these issues we manipulated Eda-A1 transgene expression in a tetracycline-regulated conditional mouse model, where the transgene is the only source of active ectodysplasin (Eda). We find that Eda-A1 restores sweat glands and all hair subtypes in Tabby, but each requires its action at an idiosyncratic time of development: by E17 for guard, by E19 for awl, and starting at E18 for zigzag/auchen hair. Guard and awl hairs were indistinguishable from their wild-type counterparts; but restored zigzag and auchen hairs, although recognizable, were somewhat smaller and lacked characteristic bends. Notably, secondary hair follicle formation of awl, auchen, and zigzag hairs required higher Eda-A1 expression level than did guard hair or sweat glands. Furthermore, Eda-A1 expression is required until the early dermal papilla stage for guard hair germs to make follicles, but is dispensable for their maturation. Similarly, sweat gland pegs require Eda-A1 at an early stage to form mature glands. Thus we infer that EDA signaling is needed for the determination and development of various skin appendages at spatiotemporally restricted intervals.
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Harris MP, Rohner N, Schwarz H, Perathoner S, Konstantinidis P, Nüsslein-Volhard C. Zebrafish eda and edar mutants reveal conserved and ancestral roles of ectodysplasin signaling in vertebrates. PLoS Genet 2008; 4:e1000206. [PMID: 18833299 PMCID: PMC2542418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2007] [Accepted: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic basis of the development and variation of adult form of vertebrates is not well understood. To address this problem, we performed a mutant screen to identify genes essential for the formation of adult skeletal structures of the zebrafish. Here, we describe the phenotypic and molecular characterization of a set of mutants showing loss of adult structures of the dermal skeleton, such as the rays of the fins and the scales, as well as the pharyngeal teeth. The mutations represent adult-viable, loss of function alleles in the ectodysplasin (eda) and ectodysplasin receptor (edar) genes. These genes are frequently mutated in the human hereditary disease hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED; OMIM 224900, 305100) that affects the development of integumentary appendages such as hair and teeth. We find mutations in zebrafish edar that affect similar residues as mutated in human cases of HED and show similar phenotypic consequences. eda and edar are not required for early zebrafish development, but are rather specific for the development of adult skeletal and dental structures. We find that the defects of the fins and scales are due to the role of Eda signaling in organizing epidermal cells into discrete signaling centers of the scale epidermal placode and fin fold. Our genetic analysis demonstrates dose-sensitive and organ-specific response to alteration in levels of Eda signaling. In addition, we show substantial buffering of the effect of loss of edar function in different genetic backgrounds, suggesting canalization of this developmental system. We uncover a previously unknown role of Eda signaling in teleosts and show conservation of the developmental mechanisms involved in the formation and variation of both integumentary appendages and limbs. Lastly, our findings point to the utility of adult genetic screens in the zebrafish in identifying essential developmental processes involved in human disease and in morphological evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Harris
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany.
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Fan H, Ye X, Shi L, Yin W, Hua B, Song G, Shi B, Bian Z. Mutations in theEDAgene are responsible for X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and hypodontia in Chinese kindreds. Eur J Oral Sci 2008; 116:412-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2008.00555.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Conte C, Gambardella S, Bulli C, Rinaldi F, Di Marino D, Falconi M, Bramanti P, Desideri A, Novelli G. Screening of EDA1 Gene in X-Linked Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia Using DHPLC: Identification of 14 Novel Mutations in Italian Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 12:437-42. [DOI: 10.1089/gte.2008.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Conte
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico di Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Gambardella
- Department of Biopathology and Diagnostic Imaging, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Bulli
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico di Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Rinaldi
- Department of Biopathology and Diagnostic Imaging, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Marino
- Department of Biology and Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,” Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Falconi
- Department of Biology and Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,” Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Desideri
- Department of Biology and Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,” Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico di Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biopathology and Diagnostic Imaging, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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Non-syndromic tooth agenesis in two Chinese families associated with novel missense mutations in the TNF domain of EDA (ectodysplasin A). PLoS One 2008; 3:e2396. [PMID: 18545687 PMCID: PMC2405930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report two unrelated Chinese families with congenital missing teeth inherited in an X-linked manner. We mapped the affected locus to chromosome Xp11-Xq21 in one family. In the defined region, both families were found to have novel missense mutations in the ectodysplasin-A (EDA) gene. The mutation of c.947A>G caused the D316G substitution of the EDA protein. The mutation of c.1013C>T found in the other family resulted in the Thr to Met mutation at position 338 of EDA. The EDA gene has been reported responsible for X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) in humans characterized by impaired development of hair, eccrine sweat glands, and teeth. In contrast, all the affected individuals in the two families that we studied here had normal hair and skin. Structural analysis suggests that these two novel mutants may account for the milder phenotype by affecting the stability of EDA trimers. Our results indicate that these novel missense mutations in EDA are associated with the isolated tooth agenesis and provide preliminary explanation for the abnormal clinical phenotype at a molecular structural level.
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45
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Zhang YD, Chen Z, Song YQ, Liu C, Chen YP. Making a tooth: growth factors, transcription factors, and stem cells. Cell Res 2007; 15:301-16. [PMID: 15916718 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cr.7290299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian tooth development is largely dependent on sequential and reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. These processes involve a series of inductive and permissive interactions that result in the determination, differentiation, and organization of odontogenic tissues. Multiple signaling molecules, including BMPs, FGFs, Shh, and Wnt proteins, have been implicated in mediating these tissue interactions. Transcription factors participate in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions via linking the signaling loops between tissue layers by responding to inductive signals and regulating the expression of other signaling molecules. Adult stem cells are highly plastic and multipotent. These cells including dental pulp stem cells and bone marrow stromal cells could be reprogrammed into odontogenic fate and participated in tooth formation. Recent progress in the studies of molecular basis of tooth development, adult stem cell biology, and regeneration will provide fundamental knowledge for the realization of human tooth regeneration in the near future.
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46
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Zimina EP, Fritsch A, Schermer B, Bakulina AY, Bashkurov M, Benzing T, Bruckner-Tuderman L. Extracellular phosphorylation of collagen XVII by ecto-casein kinase 2 inhibits ectodomain shedding. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:22737-46. [PMID: 17545155 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m701937200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecto-phosphorylation is emerging as an important mechanism to regulate cellular ligand interactions and signal transduction. Here we show that extracellular phosphorylation of the cell surface receptor collagen XVII regulates shedding of its ectodomain. Collagen XVII, a member of the novel family of collagenous transmembrane proteins and component of the hemidesmosomes, mediates adhesion of the epidermis to the dermis in the skin. The ectodomain is constitutively shed from the cell surface by metalloproteinases of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) family, mainly by tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE). We used biochemical, mutagenesis, and structural modeling approaches to delineate mechanisms controlling ectodomain cleavage. A standard assay for extracellular phosphorylation, incubation of intact keratinocytes with cell-impermeable [gamma-(32)P]ATP, led to collagen XVII labeling. This was significantly diminished by both broad-spectrum extracellular kinase inhibitor K252b and a specific casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibitor. Collagen XVII peptides containing a putative CK2 recognition site were phosphorylated by CK2 in vitro, disclosing Ser(542) and Ser(544) in the ectodomain as phosphate group acceptors. Phosphorylation of Ser(544) in vivo and in vitro was confirmed by immunoblotting of epidermis and HaCaT keratinocyte extracts with phosphoepitope-specific antibodies. Functionally, inhibition of CK2 kinase activity or mutation of the phosphorylation acceptor Ser(544) to Ala significantly increased ectodomain shedding, whereas overexpression of CK2alpha inhibited cleavage of collagen XVII. Structural modeling suggested that the phosphorylation of serine residues prevents binding of TACE to its substrate. Thus, extracellular phosphorylation of collagen XVII by ecto-CK2 inhibits its shedding by TACE and represents novel mechanism to regulate adhesion and motility of epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena P Zimina
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Veit G, Zimina EP, Franzke CW, Kutsch S, Siebolds U, Gordon MK, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Koch M. Shedding of collagen XXIII is mediated by furin and depends on the plasma membrane microenvironment. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:27424-27435. [PMID: 17627939 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m703425200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen XXIII belongs to the class of type II orientated transmembrane collagens. A common feature of these proteins is the presence of two forms of the molecule: a membrane-bound form and a shed form. Here we demonstrate that, in mouse lung, collagen XXIII is found predominantly as the full-length form, whereas in brain, it is present mostly as the shed form, suggesting that shedding is tissue-specific and tissue-regulated. To analyze the shedding process of collagen XXIII, a cell culture model was established. Mutations introduced into two putative proprotein convertase cleavage sites showed that altering the second cleavage site inactivated much of the shedding. This supports the idea that furin, a major physiological protease, is predominantly responsible for shedding. Furthermore, our studies indicate that collagen XXIII is localized in lipid rafts in the plasma membrane and that ectodomain shedding is altered by a cholesterol-dependent mechanism. Moreover, newly synthesized collagen XXIII either is cleaved inside the Golgi/trans-Golgi network or reaches the cell surface, where it becomes protected from processing by being localized in lipid rafts. These mechanisms allow the cell to regulate the amounts of cell surface-bound and secreted collagen XXIII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Veit
- Center for Biochemistry, the University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany, the
| | - Elena P Zimina
- Department of Dermatology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, the
| | | | - Stefanie Kutsch
- Center for Biochemistry, the University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany, the
| | - Udo Siebolds
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany, and the
| | - Marion K Gordon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, and the Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | | | - Manuel Koch
- Center for Biochemistry, the University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany, the; Department of Dermatology, and the University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany, the; Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany, the.
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Lind LK, Stecksén-Blicks C, Lejon K, Schmitt-Egenolf M. EDAR mutation in autosomal dominant hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in two Swedish families. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2006; 7:80. [PMID: 17125505 PMCID: PMC1684249 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-7-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 11/24/2006] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a genetic disorder characterized by defective development of teeth, hair, nails and eccrine sweat glands. Both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive forms of HED have previously been linked to mutations in the ectodysplasin 1 anhidrotic receptor (EDAR) protein that plays an important role during embryogenesis. Methods The coding DNA sequence of the EDAR gene was analyzed in two large Swedish three-generational families with autosomal dominant HED. Results A non-sense C to T mutation in exon 12 was identified in both families. This disease-specific mutation changes an arginine amino acid in position 358 of the EDAR protein into a stop codon (p.Arg358X), thereby truncating the protein. In addition to the causative mutation two polymorphisms, not associated with the HED disorder, were also found in the EDAR gene. Conclusion The finding of the p.Arg358X mutation in the Swedish families is the first corroboration of a previously described observation in an American family. Thus, our study strengthens the role of this particular mutation in the aetiology of autosomal dominant HED and confirms the importance of EDAR for the development of HED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbet K Lind
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Medical and Clinical Genetics, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Kristina Lejon
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Medical and Clinical Genetics, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marcus Schmitt-Egenolf
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venereology, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
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Abstract
The same morphogenetic signals are often involved in the development of different organs. For developing skin appendages, a model for tissue-specific regulation of signaling is provided by the EDA pathway, which accesses the otherwise ubiquitous NFkappaB transcription factors. EDA signaling is mediated by ectodysplasin, EDAR and EDARADD, which form a new TNF ligand-receptor-adaptor family that is restricted to skin appendages in vertebrates from fish to human. The critical function of the pathway was demonstrated in the hereditary genetic disorder Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia (EDA), which is characterized by defective formation of hair follicles, sweat glands and teeth. The pathway does not appear to initiate the development of the appendages, but is regulated by and regulates the course of further morphogenesis. In mice, transgenic and knockout strains have increasingly revealed features of the mechanism, and suggest possible non-invasive interventions to alleviate EDA deficiency, especially in sweat glands and eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Schlessinger
- Correspondence to: David Schlessinger; Laboratory of Genetics; National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health; 333 Cassell Dr.; Suite 3000; Baltimore, Maryland 21224 USA; Tel.: 410.558.8337; Fax: 410.558.8331;
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50
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Thomas C, Suranyi E, Pride H, Tyler W. A child with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with features of a collodion membrane. Pediatr Dermatol 2006; 23:251-4. [PMID: 16780473 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2006.00228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Collodion membrane is a presenting phenotype common to several disorders, predominantly congenital ichthyoses. Seventy percent of infants born with hypohidrotic (anhidrotic) ectodermal dysplasia are noted by their parents to have significant scaling and peeling. Although dry skin is a frequently reported sign in children with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, only one French study has reported a true collodion membrane at birth. We suspect that scaling with features of collodion membrane is more common in infants than is reflected in the literature, and we describe another such infant, later diagnosed with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Thomas
- Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
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