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Puzhankara L, Rajagopal A, Kedlaya MN, Karmakar S, Nayak N, Shanmugasundaram S. Cell Junctions in Periodontal Health and Disease: An Insight. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:448-457. [PMID: 38049123 PMCID: PMC11132765 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1775726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells are the building blocks of all living organisms. The presence of cell junctions such as tight junctions, gap junctions, and anchoring junctions between cells play a role in cell-to-cell communication in periodontal health and disease. A literature search was done in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science to gather information about the effect of cell junctions on periodontal health and disease. The presence of tight junction in the oral cavity helps in cell-to-cell adhesiveness and assists in the barrier function. The gap junctions help in controlling growth and development and in the cell signaling process. The presence of desmosomes and hemidesmosomes as anchoring junctions aid in mechanical strength and tissue integrity. Periodontitis is a biofilm-induced disease leading to the destruction of the supporting structures of the tooth. The structures of the periodontium possess multiple cell junctions that play a significant role in periodontal health and disease as well as periodontal tissue healing. This review article provides an insight into the role of cell junctions in periodontal disease and health, and offers concepts for development of therapeutic strategies through manipulation of cell junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Puzhankara
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anjale Rajagopal
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhurya N. Kedlaya
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shaswata Karmakar
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Namratha Nayak
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shashikiran Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Lau CH, Rouhani MJ, Maughan EF, Orr JC, Kolluri KK, Pearce DR, Haughey EK, Sutton L, Flatau S, Balboa PL, Bageta ML, O'Callaghan C, Smith CM, Janes SM, Hewitt R, Petrof G, Martinez AE, McGrath JA, Butler CR, Hynds RE. Lentiviral expression of wild-type LAMA3A restores cell adhesion in airway basal cells from children with epidermolysis bullosa. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1497-1509. [PMID: 38429928 PMCID: PMC11081864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The hallmark of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is fragile attachment of epithelia due to genetic variants in cell adhesion genes. We describe 16 EB patients treated in the ear, nose, and throat department of a tertiary pediatric hospital linked to the United Kingdom's national EB unit between 1992 and 2023. Patients suffered a high degree of morbidity and mortality from laryngotracheal stenosis. Variants in laminin subunit alpha-3 (LAMA3) were found in 10/15 patients where genotype was available. LAMA3 encodes a subunit of the laminin-332 heterotrimeric extracellular matrix protein complex and is expressed by airway epithelial basal stem cells. We investigated the benefit of restoring wild-type LAMA3 expression in primary EB patient-derived basal cell cultures. EB basal cells demonstrated weak adhesion to cell culture substrates, but could otherwise be expanded similarly to non-EB basal cells. In vitro lentiviral overexpression of LAMA3A in EB basal cells enabled them to differentiate in air-liquid interface cultures, producing cilia with normal ciliary beat frequency. Moreover, transduction restored cell adhesion to levels comparable to a non-EB donor culture. These data provide proof of concept for a combined cell and gene therapy approach to treat airway disease in LAMA3-affected EB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Hang Lau
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research (EpiCENTR) Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 20c Guilford Street, London WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Maral J Rouhani
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK; Ear, Nose, and Throat Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Elizabeth F Maughan
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research (EpiCENTR) Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 20c Guilford Street, London WC1N 1DZ, UK; Ear, Nose, and Throat Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Jessica C Orr
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research (EpiCENTR) Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 20c Guilford Street, London WC1N 1DZ, UK; Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Krishna K Kolluri
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - David R Pearce
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Elizabeth K Haughey
- Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Liam Sutton
- Ear, Nose, and Throat Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Sam Flatau
- Ear, Nose, and Throat Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Pablo Lopez Balboa
- Department of Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Maria Laura Bageta
- Department of Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Christopher O'Callaghan
- Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Claire M Smith
- Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Richard Hewitt
- Ear, Nose, and Throat Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Gabriela Petrof
- Department of Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Anna E Martinez
- Department of Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, St Thomas Street, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Colin R Butler
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research (EpiCENTR) Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 20c Guilford Street, London WC1N 1DZ, UK; Ear, Nose, and Throat Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK.
| | - Robert E Hynds
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research (EpiCENTR) Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 20c Guilford Street, London WC1N 1DZ, UK; UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK.
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Song D, Wang S. A Child with Hoarseness and Recurrent Cheek Erosions: A Quiz. Acta Derm Venereol 2024; 104:adv31737. [PMID: 38348728 PMCID: PMC10875515 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v104.31737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Abstract is missing (Quiz)
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Song
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Wuhou district, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Wuhou district, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Chen G, Li L, Sun T, Jiang C, Xu W, Chen S, Hu C, Yue Y, Wang T, Jiang W, Yuan Y. The Interaction of LAMA2 and Duration of Illness Affects the Thickness of the Right Transverse Temporal Gyrus in Major Depressive Disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:2807-2816. [PMID: 38144699 PMCID: PMC10749177 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s435025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a heritable brain disorder. Laminin genes were recently identified to affect the brain's overall thickness through neurogenesis, differentiation, and migration in depression. This study aims to explore the effects of the LAMA2's single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), a subunit gene of laminin, on the detected brain regions of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods The study included 89 patients with MDD and 60 healthy controls with T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging and blood samples for genotyping. The interactions between LAMA2 gene SNPs and diagnosis as well as duration of illness (DOI) were explored on brain measures controlled for age, gender, and site. Results The right transverse temporal gyrus and right parahippocampal gyrus showed reduced thickness in MDD. Almost all seven LAMA2 SNPs showed significant interactions with diagnosis on both gyrus (corrected p < 0.05 or trending). In MDD, rs6569604, rs2229848, rs2229849, rs2229850, and rs2784895 interacted with DOI on the right transverse temporal gyrus (corrected p < 0.05), but not the right parahippocampal gyrus. Conclusion The thickness of the right transverse temporal gyrus in patients with MDD may be affected by LAMA2 gene and DOI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Psychology, Huai’an NO 3 People’s Hospital, Huaian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Sleep Medicine, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Taipeng Sun
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Psychology, Huai’an NO 3 People’s Hospital, Huaian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenguang Jiang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suzhen Chen
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changchun Hu
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Yue
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Jiang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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Niti A, Koliakos G, Michopoulou A. Stem Cell Therapies for Epidermolysis Bullosa Treatment. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10040422. [PMID: 37106609 PMCID: PMC10135837 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) includes a group of rare skin diseases characterized by skin fragility with bullous formation in the skin, in response to minor mechanical injury, as well as varying degrees of involvement of the mucous membranes of the internal organs. EB is classified into simplex, junctional, dystrophic and mixed. The impact of the disease on patients is both physical and psychological, with the result that their quality of life is constantly affected. Unfortunately, there are still no approved treatments available to confront the disease, and treatment focuses on improving the symptoms with topical treatments to avoid complications and other infections. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells capable of producing, maintaining and replacing terminally differentiated cells and tissues. Stem cells can be isolated from embryonic or adult tissues, including skin, but are also produced by genetic reprogramming of differentiated cells. Preclinical and clinical research has recently greatly improved stem cell therapy, making it a promising treatment option for various diseases in which current medical treatments fail to cure, prevent progression, or alleviate symptoms. So far, stem cells from different sources, mainly hematopoietic and mesenchymal, autologous or heterologous have been used for the treatment of the most severe forms of the disease each one of them with some beneficial effects. However, the mechanisms through which stem cells exert their beneficial role are still unknown or incompletely understood and most importantly further research is required to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of these treatments. The transplantation of skin grafts to patients produced by gene-corrected autologous epidermal stem cells has been proved to be rather successful for the treatment of skin lesions in the long term in a limited number of patients. Nevertheless, these treatments do not address the internal epithelia-related complications manifested in patients with more severe forms.
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Wang D, Li Y, Ge H, Ghadban T, Reeh M, Güngör C. The Extracellular Matrix: A Key Accomplice of Cancer Stem Cell Migration, Metastasis Formation, and Drug Resistance in PDAC. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163998. [PMID: 36010993 PMCID: PMC9406497 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is rich in dense fibrotic stroma that are composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. A disruption of the balance between ECM synthesis and secretion and the altered expression of matrix remodeling enzymes lead to abnormal ECM dynamics in PDAC. This pathological ECM promotes cancer growth, survival, invasion, and alters the behavior of fibroblasts and immune cells leading to metastasis formation and chemotherapy resistance, which contribute to the high lethality of PDAC. Additionally, recent evidence highlights that ECM, as a major structural component of the tumor microenvironment, is a highly dynamic structure in which ECM proteins establish a physical and biochemical niche for cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are characterized by self-renewal, tumor initiation, and resistance to chemotherapeutics. In this review, we will discuss the effects of the ECM on tumor biological behavior and its molecular impact on the fundamental signaling pathways in PDAC. We will also provide an overview of how the different ECM components are able to modulate CSCs properties and finally discuss the current and ongoing therapeutic strategies targeting the ECM. Given the many challenges facing current targeted therapies for PDAC, a better understanding of molecular events involving the interplay of ECM and CSC will be key in identifying more effective therapeutic strategies to eliminate CSCs and ultimately to improve survival in patients that are suffering from this deadly disease.
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Sugden CJ, Iorio V, Troughton LD, Liu K, Morais MRPT, Lennon R, Bou-Gharios G, Hamill KJ. Laminin N-terminus α31 expression during development is lethal and causes widespread tissue-specific defects in a transgenic mouse model. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22318. [PMID: 35648586 PMCID: PMC9328196 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002588rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Laminins (LMs) are essential components of all basement membranes where they regulate an extensive array of tissue functions. Alternative splicing from the laminin α3 gene produces a non‐laminin but netrin‐like protein, Laminin N terminus α31 (LaNt α31). LaNt α31 is widely expressed in intact tissue and is upregulated in epithelial cancers and during wound healing. In vitro functional studies have shown that LaNt α31 can influence numerous aspects of epithelial cell behavior via modifying matrix organization, suggesting a new model of laminin auto‐regulation. However, the function of this protein has not been established in vivo. Here, a mouse transgenic line was generated using the ubiquitin C promoter to drive inducible expression of LaNt α31. When expression was induced at embryonic day 15.5, LaNt α31 transgenic animals were not viable at birth, exhibiting localized regions of erythema. Histologically, the most striking defect was widespread evidence of extravascular bleeding across multiple tissues. Additionally, LaNt α31 transgene expressing animals exhibited kidney epithelial detachment, tubular dilation, disruption of the epidermal basal cell layer and of the hair follicle outer root sheath, and ~50% reduction of cell numbers in the liver, associated with depletion of hematopoietic erythrocytic foci. These findings provide the first in vivo evidence that LaNt α31 can influence tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J Sugden
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Valentina Iorio
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lee D Troughton
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Ke Liu
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mychel R P T Morais
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - George Bou-Gharios
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kevin J Hamill
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Epidermolysis Bullosa—A Different Genetic Approach in Correlation with Genetic Heterogeneity. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12061325. [PMID: 35741135 PMCID: PMC9222206 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa is a heterogeneous group of rare genetic disorders characterized by mucocutaneous fragility and blister formation after minor friction or trauma. There are four major epidermolysis bullosa types based on the ultrastructural level of tissue cleavage: simplex, junctional, dystrophic, and Kindler epidermolysis bullosa. They are caused by mutations in genes that encode the proteins that are part of the hemidesmosomes and focal adhesion complex. Some of these disorders can be associated with extracutaneous manifestations, which are sometimes fatal. They are inherited in an autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant manner. This review is focused on the phenomena of heterogeneity (locus, allelic, mutational, and clinical) in epidermolysis bullosa, and on the correlation genotype–phenotype.
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Luo S, Liu ZG, Wang J, Luo JX, Ye XG, Li X, Zhai QX, Liu XR, Wang J, Gao LD, Liu FL, Ye ZL, Li H, Gao ZF, Guo QH, Li BM, Yi YH, Liao WP. Recessive LAMA5 Variants Associated With Partial Epilepsy and Spasms in Infancy. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:825390. [PMID: 35663266 PMCID: PMC9162154 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.825390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The LAMA5 gene encodes the laminin subunit α5, the most abundant laminin α subunit in the human brain. It forms heterotrimers with the subunit β1/β2 and γ1/γ3 and regulates neurodevelopmental processes. Genes encoding subunits of the laminin heterotrimers containing subunit α5 have been reported to be associated with human diseases. Among LAMAs encoding the laminin α subunit, LAMA1-4 have also been reported to be associated with human disease. In this study, we investigated the association between LAMA5 and epilepsy. Methods Trios-based whole-exome sequencing was performed in a cohort of 118 infants suffering from focal seizures with or without spasms. Protein modeling was used to assess the damaging effects of variations. The LAMAs expression was analyzed with data from the GTEX and VarCards databases. Results Six pairs of compound heterozygous missense variants in LAMA5 were identified in six unrelated patients. All affected individuals suffered from focal seizures with mild developmental delay, and three patients presented also spasms. These variants had no or low allele frequencies in controls and presented statistically higher frequency in the case cohort than in controls. The recessive burden analysis showed that recessive LAMA5 variants identified in this cohort were significantly more than the expected number in the East Asian population. Protein modeling showed that at least one variant in each pair of biallelic variants affected hydrogen bonds with surrounding amino acids. Among the biallelic variants in cases with only focal seizures, two variants of each pair were located in different structural domains or domains/links, whereas in the cases with spasms, the biallelic variants were constituted by two variants in the identical functional domains or both with hydrogen bond changes. Conclusion Recessive LAMA5 variants were potentially associated with infant epilepsy. The establishment of the association between LAMA5 and epilepsy will facilitate the genetic diagnosis and management in patients with infant epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Xia Luo
- Epilepsy Center, Qilu Children’s Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xing-Guang Ye
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiong-Xiang Zhai
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Di Gao
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Li Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Zi-Long Ye
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Li
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zai-Fen Gao
- Epilepsy Center, Qilu Children’s Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qing-Hui Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bing-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Hong Yi
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ping Liao
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei-Ping Liao,
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Novel variants in LAMA3 and COL7A1 and recurrent variant in KRT5 underlying epidermolysis bullosa in five Chinese families. Front Med 2022; 16:808-814. [PMID: 35314946 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0878-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous diseases characterized by trauma-induced mucocutaneous fragility and blister formation. Here, we investigated five Chinese families with EB, and eight variants including a novel nonsense variant (c.47G>A, p.W16*) in LAMA3, a known recurrent variant (c.74C>T, p.P25L) in KRT5, 2 novel (c.2531T>A, p.V844E; c.6811_6814del, p.R2271fs) and 4 known (c.6187C>T, p.R2063W; c.7097G>A, p.G2366D; c.8569G>T, p.E2857*; c.3625_3635del, p.S1209fs) variants in COL7A1 were detected. Notably, this study identified a nonsense variant in LAMA3 that causes EB within the Chinese population and revealed that this variant resulted in a reduction in LAMA3 mRNA and protein expression levels by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Our study expands the mutation spectra of Chinese patients with EB.
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Prodinger C, Chottianchaiwat S, Mellerio JE, McGrath JA, Ozoemena L, Liu L, Moore W, Laimer M, Petrof G, Martinez AE. The natural history of laryngo-onycho-cutaneous syndrome: A case series of six pediatric patients and literature review. Pediatr Dermatol 2021; 38:1094-1101. [PMID: 34514630 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Laryngo-onycho-cutaneous syndrome (LOC) is a rare subtype of junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB), featuring aberrant granulation tissue formation in the skin, larynx, and eyes. So far, three mutations including the specific (founder) mutation in exon 39 of LAMA3 (c.151dup) have been identified, but sparse data exists regarding the natural history, the genotype-phenotype correlation, and its differentiation from other JEB types. METHODS We reviewed our pediatric EB database to identify English children with clinical and genetically diagnosed LOC within the last 15 years. Their demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were examined. We searched three databases for case reports of LOC between January 1986 and November 2020 and extracted clinical and molecular details. RESULTS We identified 6 LOC patients, all female (mean age 5.4 years). Periungual hypergranulation and skin fragility were the earliest presenting signs (0-3 months), followed by laryngeal stenosis, symblepharon (mean onset 10.7 and 11.8 months, respectively), and dental abnormalities. Five children developed anemia at an average of 19.2 months. We identified 22 published studies in English with 31 cases. CONCLUSIONS This study delineates the disease course of LOC and highlights the overlap with some forms of JEB. Classical signs/symptoms including anemia appear early in life. Genetic analysis revealed three new LOC-associated variants and underscores the finding that interpretation of skin immunolabeling and molecular diagnostics can be challenging. We provide recommendations on management of this complex syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Prodinger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Jemima E Mellerio
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - John A McGrath
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Linda Ozoemena
- Viapath, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lu Liu
- Viapath, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - William Moore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Martin Laimer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gabriela Petrof
- Department of Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anna E Martinez
- Department of Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Herrmann I, Linder KE, Meurs KM, Friedenberg SG, Cullen J, Olby N, Bizikova P. Canine junctional epidermolysis bullosa due to a novel mutation in LAMA3 with severe upper respiratory involvement. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:379-e108. [PMID: 34250689 PMCID: PMC8279226 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is a group of congenital blistering skin diseases characterized by clefting through the lamina lucida of the basement membrane zone. OBJECTIVES To characterize the clinical and morphological features of a congenital mechanobullous disease in a litter of puppies with severe upper respiratory involvement, and to identify an associated genetic variant. ANIMALS Five of eight puppies in an Australian cattle dog cross-bred litter showed signs of skin fragility. Three were stillborn and one died at one month of age. The two surviving puppies were presented with blistering skin disease and severe respiratory distress. Additionally, one unaffected sibling was examined and blood was obtained for genetic testing. METHODS AND MATERIALS Post-mortem examination, histopathological evaluation and electron microscopy were performed. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of one affected puppy was compared to a database of 522 dogs of 55 different breeds for variant analysis. Sanger sequencing of one additional affected and one unaffected sibling confirmed the variant. RESULTS Clinically, severe mucocutaneous ulcers occurred in frictional areas with claw sloughing. Histopathological results revealed subepidermal clefts and electron microscopy confirmed the split in the lamina lucida. Post-mortem examination documented extensive pharyngeal and laryngeal lesions with granulation tissue and fibrinous exudate obscuring the airway. Moderate tracheal hypoplasia contributed. The WGS revealed a novel missense variant in the laminin α3-chain XP_537297.2p(Asp2867Val), with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE A novel variant in LAMA3 caused a generalized and severe phenotype of JEB with an unique clinical presentation of upper airway obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Herrmann
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Keith E. Linder
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Meurs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Steven G. Friedenberg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jonah Cullen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Natasha Olby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Petra Bizikova
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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13
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Qu H, Miao T, Wang Y, Tan L, Huang B, Zhang L, Liu X, Long M, Zhang R, Liao X, Gong X, Wang J, Xiong X, Liu J, Li X, Yu J, Yang G, Zhu Z, Zheng H, Zheng Y. Dedicator of Cytokinesis 5 Regulates Keratinocyte Function and Promotes Diabetic Wound Healing. Diabetes 2021; 70:1170-1184. [PMID: 33627322 PMCID: PMC8173801 DOI: 10.2337/db20-1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is a fundamental biologic and coordinated process, and failure to maintain this process contributes to the dysfunction of tissue homeostasis, increasing the global burden of diabetic foot ulcerations. However, the factors that mediate this process are not fully understood. Here, we identify the pivotal role of dedicator of cytokinesis 5 (Dock5) in keratinocyte functions contributing to the process of skin wound healing. Specifically, Dock5 is highly upregulated during the proliferative phase of wound repair and is predominantly expressed in epidermal keratinocytes. It regulates keratinocyte adhesion, migration, and proliferation and influences the functions of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition by facilitating the ubiquitination of transcription factor ZEB1 to activate laminin-332/integrin signaling. Genetic ablation of Dock5 in mice leads to attenuated reepithelialization and granulation tissue formation, and Dock5 overexpression-improved skin repair can be abrogated by LAMA3 knockdown. Importantly, Dock5 expression in the skin edge is reduced in patients and animal models of diabetes, further suggesting a direct correlation between its abundance and healing capability. The rescue of Dock5 expression in diabetic mice causes a significant improvement in reepithelialization, collagen deposition, ECM production, and granulation. Our study provides a potential therapeutic target for wound healing impairment during diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qu
- Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tian Miao
- Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuren Wang
- Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Bangliang Huang
- Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiufei Liu
- Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Long
- Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liao
- Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Gong
- Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ju Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junli Liu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Li
- Biology Science Institutes, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Department of Outpatient, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongting Zheng
- Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Translational Research of Diabetes Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Huang J, Zhang L, Wan D, Zhou L, Zheng S, Lin S, Qiao Y. Extracellular matrix and its therapeutic potential for cancer treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:153. [PMID: 33888679 PMCID: PMC8062524 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the major components of tumors that plays multiple crucial roles, including mechanical support, modulation of the microenvironment, and a source of signaling molecules. The quantity and cross-linking status of ECM components are major factors determining tissue stiffness. During tumorigenesis, the interplay between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) often results in the stiffness of the ECM, leading to aberrant mechanotransduction and further malignant transformation. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of ECM dysregulation in the TME would contribute to the discovery of promising therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Herein, we summarized the knowledge concerning the following: (1) major ECM constituents and their functions in both normal and malignant conditions; (2) the interplay between cancer cells and the ECM in the TME; (3) key receptors for mechanotransduction and their alteration during carcinogenesis; and (4) the current therapeutic strategies targeting aberrant ECM for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Huang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Dalong Wan
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shengzhang Lin
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Yiting Qiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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15
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Khan FF, Khan N, Rehman S, Ejaz A, Ali U, Erfan M, Ahmed ZM, Naeem M. Identification and Computational Analysis of Novel Pathogenic Variants in Pakistani Families with Diverse Epidermolysis Bullosa Phenotypes. Biomolecules 2021; 11:620. [PMID: 33921969 PMCID: PMC8143555 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) includes a group of rare gesnodermatoses that result in blistering and erosions of the skin and mucous membranes. Genetically, pathogenic variants in around 20 genes are known to alter the structural and functional integrity of intraepidermal adhesion and dermo-epidermal anchorage, leading to four different types of EB. Here we report the underlying genetic causes of EB phenotypes segregating in seven large consanguineous families, recruited from different regions of Pakistan. Whole exome sequencing, followed by segregation analysis of candidate variants through Sanger sequencing, identified eight pathogenic variants, including three novel (ITGB4: c.1285G>T, and c.3373G>A; PLEC: c.1828A>G) and five previously reported variants (COL7A1: c.6209G>A, and c.1573C>T; FERMT1: c.676insC; LAMA3: c.151insG; LAMB3: c.1705C>T). All identified variants were either absent or had very low frequencies in the control databases. Our in-silico analyses and 3-dimensional (3D) molecular modeling support the deleterious impact of these variants on the encoded proteins. Intriguingly, we report the first case of a recessively inherited form of rare EBS-Ogna associated with a homozygous variant in the PLEC gene. Our study highlights the clinical and genetic diversity of EB in the Pakistani population and expands the mutation spectrum of EB; it could also be useful for prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling of the affected families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fehmida F. Khan
- Medical Genetics Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (F.F.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Naima Khan
- Medical Genetics Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (F.F.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Sakina Rehman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Translational Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Amir Ejaz
- Army Medical College, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Uzma Ali
- Department of Dermatology, Capital Hospital, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Erfan
- Department of Dermatology, Federal Government Polyclinic Hospital, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Zubair M. Ahmed
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Translational Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Medical Genetics Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (F.F.K.); (N.K.)
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16
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Li L, Li H, Wang L, Bu T, Liu S, Mao B, Cheng CY. A local regulatory network in the testis mediated by laminin and collagen fragments that supports spermatogenesis. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 56:236-254. [PMID: 33761828 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2021.1901255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is almost five decades since the discovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis. This refers to the hormonal axis that connects the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and testes, which in turn, regulates the production of spermatozoa through spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules, and testosterone through steroidogenesis by Leydig cells in the interstitium, of the testes. Emerging evidence has demonstrated the presence of a regulatory network across the seminiferous epithelium utilizing bioactive molecules produced locally at specific domains of the epithelium. Studies have shown that biologically active fragments are produced from structural laminin and collagen chains in the basement membrane. Additionally, bioactive peptides are also produced locally in non-basement membrane laminin chains at the Sertoli-spermatid interface known as apical ectoplasmic specialization (apical ES, a testis-specific actin-based anchoring junction type). These bioactive peptides are derived from structural laminins and/or collagens at the corresponding sites through proteolytic cleavage by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). They in turn serve as autocrine and/or paracrine factors to modulate and coordinate cellular events across the epithelium by linking the apical and basal compartments, the apical and basal ES, the blood-testis barrier (BTB), and the basement membrane of the tunica propria. The cellular events supported by these bioactive peptides/fragments include the release of spermatozoa at spermiation, remodeling of the immunological barrier to facilitate the transport of preleptotene spermatocytes across the BTB, and the transport of haploid spermatids across the epithelium to support spermiogenesis. In this review, we critically evaluate these findings. Our goal is to identify research areas that deserve attentions in future years. The proposed research also provides the much needed understanding on the biology of spermatogenesis supported by a local network of regulatory biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxi Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huitao Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lingling Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tiao Bu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shiwen Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Baiping Mao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
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17
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Vodo D, Malchin N, DeRowe A, Sprecher E, Sarig O. Atypical presentation of laryngo-onycho-cutaneous syndrome resulting from novel mutations in LAMA3A. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 46:990-992. [PMID: 33600006 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Vodo
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - N Malchin
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A DeRowe
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - E Sprecher
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - O Sarig
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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18
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Rousselle P, Scoazec JY. Laminin 332 in cancer: When the extracellular matrix turns signals from cell anchorage to cell movement. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 62:149-165. [PMID: 31639412 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Laminin 332 is crucial in the biology of epithelia. This large extracellular matrix protein consists of the heterotrimeric assembly of three subunits - α3, β3, and γ2 - and its multifunctionality relies on a number of extracellular proteolytic processing events. Laminin 332 is central to normal epithelium homeostasis by sustaining cell adhesion, polarity, proliferation, and differentiation. It also supports a major function in epithelial tissue formation, repair, and regeneration by buttressing cell migration and survival and basement membrane assembly. Interest in this protein increased after the discovery that its expression is perturbed in tumor cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and the tumor microenvironment. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the established involvement of the laminin 332 γ2 chain in tumor invasiveness and discusses the role of its α3 and β3 subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rousselle
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS - Université Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, F-69367, France.
| | - Jean Yves Scoazec
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif cedex, France; Université Paris Sud, Faculté de Médecine de Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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19
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Zhu Y, Zhang X, Gu R, Liu X, Wang S, Xia D, Li Z, Lian X, Zhang P, Liu Y, Zhou Y. LAMA2 regulates the fate commitment of mesenchymal stem cells via hedgehog signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:135. [PMID: 32213190 PMCID: PMC7093965 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone defects are a common clinical condition that has gained an increasing amount of attention in recent years. Causes of bone defect include tumors, inflammation, and fractures. Bone tissue engineering is a novel treatment of bone defect, and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are the ideal seed cells for bone tissue engineering due to their multi-lineage differentiation potential and immunogenicity. The laminin α2 (LAMA2) gene encodes the α2 subunit of laminins. Mutations in this gene have been reported to cause muscular dystrophy, but thus far no studies have elucidated the role of LAMA2 in the fate choices of MSCs. Here, we aimed to investigate the critical role of LAMA2 in the osteogenesis and adipogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS We investigated LAMA2 function in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro and in vivo through loss- and gain-of-function experiments. In addition, molecular mechanism was clarified by Western blot and siRNA. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that LAMA2 was a critical regulator for fate commitment of MSCs. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that LAMA2 inhibits osteogenesis and promotes adipogenesis. Mechanistically, we found that LAMA2 regulated osteogenesis and adipogenesis of MSCs by modulating the hedgehog signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS The present work confirms that LAMA2 is a new molecular target for MSC-based bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranli Gu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuenan Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyi Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Lian
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunsong Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
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20
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Fortugno P, Condorelli AG, Dellambra E, Guerra L, Cianfarani F, Tinaburri L, Proto V, De Luca N, Passarelli F, Ricci F, Zambruno G, Castiglia D. Multiple Skin Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa Due to Altered Laminin-332 Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1426. [PMID: 32093196 PMCID: PMC7073068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Variably reduced expression of the basement membrane component laminin-332 (α3aβ3γ2) causes junctional epidermolysis bullosa generalized intermediate (JEB-GI), a skin fragility disorder with an increased susceptibility to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) development in adulthood. Laminin-332 is highly expressed in several types of epithelial tumors and is central to signaling pathways that promote SCC tumorigenesis. However, laminin-332 mutations and expression in individuals affected by JEB-GI and suffering from recurrent SCCs have been poorly characterized. We studied a JEB-GI patient who developed over a hundred primary cutaneous SCCs. Molecular analysis combined with gene expression studies in patient skin and primary keratinocytes revealed that the patient is a functional hemizygous for the p.Cys1171* mutant allele which is transcribed in a stable mRNA encoding for a β3 chain shortened of the last two C-terminal amino acids (Cys1171-Lys1172). The lack of the Cys1171 residue involved in the C-terminal disulphide bond to γ2 chain did not prevent assembly, secretion, and proteolytic processing of the heterotrimeric molecule. Immunohistochemistry of SCC specimens revealed accumulation of mutant laminin-332 at the epithelial-stromal interface of invasive front. We conclude that the C-terminal disulphide bond is a structural element crucial for laminin-332 adhesion function in-vivo. By saving laminin-332 amount, processing, and signaling role the p.Cys1171* mutation may allow intrinsic pro-tumorigenic properties of the protein to be conveyed, thus contributing to invasiveness and recurrence of SCCs in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fortugno
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (P.F.); (E.D.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (L.T.); (V.P.); (N.D.L.)
| | - Angelo Giuseppe Condorelli
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, viale di San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.G.C.)
| | - Elena Dellambra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (P.F.); (E.D.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (L.T.); (V.P.); (N.D.L.)
| | - Liliana Guerra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (P.F.); (E.D.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (L.T.); (V.P.); (N.D.L.)
| | - Francesca Cianfarani
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (P.F.); (E.D.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (L.T.); (V.P.); (N.D.L.)
| | - Lavinia Tinaburri
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (P.F.); (E.D.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (L.T.); (V.P.); (N.D.L.)
| | - Vittoria Proto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (P.F.); (E.D.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (L.T.); (V.P.); (N.D.L.)
| | - Naomi De Luca
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (P.F.); (E.D.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (L.T.); (V.P.); (N.D.L.)
| | - Francesca Passarelli
- Pathology Unit, IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (F.R.)
| | - Francesca Ricci
- Pathology Unit, IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (F.R.)
| | - Giovanna Zambruno
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, viale di San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.G.C.)
| | - Daniele Castiglia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (P.F.); (E.D.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (L.T.); (V.P.); (N.D.L.)
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21
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Has C, Liu L, Bolling MC, Charlesworth AV, El Hachem M, Escámez MJ, Fuentes I, Büchel S, Hiremagalore R, Pohla-Gubo G, van den Akker PC, Wertheim-Tysarowska K, Zambruno G. Clinical practice guidelines for laboratory diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:574-592. [PMID: 31090061 PMCID: PMC7064925 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Linked Comment: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.18377. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.18829 available online
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Affiliation(s)
- C Has
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - L Liu
- Viapath, St Thomas' Hospital, London, U.K
| | - M C Bolling
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - A V Charlesworth
- Centre de Reference des Maladies Rares de la Peau et des Muqueuses d'Origine Génétique, L'Archet Hôpital, Nice, France
| | - M El Hachem
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M J Escámez
- Bioengineering Department at Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Regenerative Medicine Unit at CIEMAT - U714 CIBER on Rare Diseases (ISCIII), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IISFJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - I Fuentes
- Fundación DEBRA Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Büchel
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Hiremagalore
- Adjunct Faculty, Centre for Human Genetics and Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Manipal Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - G Pohla-Gubo
- EB House Austria, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - P C van den Akker
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - G Zambruno
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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22
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Lykova SG, Maksimova YV, Nemchaninova OB, Guseva SN, Omigov VV, Aidagulova SV. [Inherited epidermolysis bullosa]. Arkh Patol 2019; 80:54-60. [PMID: 30059072 DOI: 10.17116/patol201880454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize an update on epidermolysis bullosa as a polymorphic group of inherited diseases with a failure of epidermal-dermal integrity. Emphasis is placed on the role of transmission electron microscopy in diagnosis and search directions for new types of the abnormality and its molecular markers. Despite numerous mutations in the genes encoding the components of desmosomes and epithelial basement membrane, the stereotyped manifestations of pathological processes in the group of epidermolysis bullosa have been identified. The paper gives a positive result of cell and gene therapies used by European scientists in the treatment of a 7-year-old child with borderline epidermolysis bullosa, which opens up new prospects for patients with butterfly disease that has long been considered fatal.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Lykova
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yu V Maksimova
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - O B Nemchaninova
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S N Guseva
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V V Omigov
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S V Aidagulova
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Novosibirsk, Russia
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23
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Has C, Nyström A, Saeidian AH, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Uitto J. Epidermolysis bullosa: Molecular pathology of connective tissue components in the cutaneous basement membrane zone. Matrix Biol 2018; 71-72:313-329. [PMID: 29627521 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB), a group of heritable skin fragility disorders, is characterized by blistering, erosions and chronic ulcers in the skin and mucous membranes. In some forms, the blistering phenotype is associated with extensive mutilating scarring and development of aggressive squamous cell carcinomas. The skin findings can be associated with extracutaneous manifestations in the ocular as well as gastrointestinal and vesico-urinary tracts. The phenotypic heterogeneity reflects the presence of mutations in as many as 20 different genes expressed in the cutaneous basement membrane zone, and the types and combinations of the mutations and their consequences at the mRNA and protein levels contribute to the spectrum of severity encountered in different subtypes of EB. This overview highlights the molecular genetics of EB based on mutations in the genes encoding type VII and XVII collagens as well as laminin-332. The mutations identified in these protein components of the extracellular matrix attest to their critical importance in providing stability to the cutaneous basement membrane zone, with implications for heritable and acquired diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Amir Hossein Saeidian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leena Bruckner-Tuderman
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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24
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Barrera V, Troughton LD, Iorio V, Liu S, Oyewole O, Sheridan CM, Hamill KJ. Differential Distribution of Laminin N-Terminus α31 Across the Ocular Surface: Implications for Corneal Wound Repair. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:4082-4093. [PMID: 30098195 PMCID: PMC6735649 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Laminin N-terminus (LaNt) α31 is a relatively unstudied protein derived from the laminin α3 gene but structurally similar to netrins. LaNt α31 has, to date, been investigated only in two-dimensional (2D) keratinocyte culture where it influences cell migration and adhesion, processes integral to wound repair. Here we investigated LaNt α31 distribution in ocular surface epithelium, during limbal stem cell activation, and corneal wound healing. Methods Human, mouse, and pig eyes, ex vivo limbal explant cultures, and alkali burn wounds were processed for immunohistochemistry with antibodies against LaNt α31 along with progenitor cell-associated proteins. LaNt α31 expression was induced via adenoviral transduction into primary epithelial cells isolated from limbal explants, and cell spreading and migration were analyzed using live imaging. Results LaNt α31 localized to the basal layer of the conjunctival, limbal, and corneal epithelial cells. However, staining was nonuniform with apparent subpopulation enrichment, and some suprabasal reactivity was also noted. This LaNt α31 distribution largely matched that of keratin 15, epidermal growth factor receptor, and transformation-related protein 63α (p63α), and displayed similar increases in expression in activated limbal explants. During active alkali burn wound repair, LaNt α31 displayed increased expression in limbal regions and loss of basal restriction within the cornea. Distribution returned to predominately basal cell restricted once the wounded epithelium matured. Cultured corneal epithelial cells expressing LaNt α31 displayed increased 2D area and reduced migration, suggesting a functional link between this protein and key wound repair activities. Conclusions These data place LaNt α31 in position to influence laminin-dependent processes including wound repair and stem cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Barrera
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lee D. Troughton
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Iorio
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Siyin Liu
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Olutobi Oyewole
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Carl M. Sheridan
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J. Hamill
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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25
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Piperigkou Z, Götte M, Theocharis AD, Karamanos NK. Insights into the key roles of epigenetics in matrix macromolecules-associated wound healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:16-36. [PMID: 29079535 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic network of macromolecules, playing a regulatory role in cell functions, tissue regeneration and remodeling. Wound healing is a tissue repair process necessary for the maintenance of the functionality of tissues and organs. This highly orchestrated process is divided into four temporally overlapping phases, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and tissue remodeling. The dynamic interplay between ECM and resident cells exerts its critical role in many aspects of wound healing, including cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, survival, matrix degradation and biosynthesis. Several epigenetic regulatory factors, such as the endogenous non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs), are the drivers of the wound healing response. microRNAs have pivotal roles in regulating ECM composition during wound healing and dermal regeneration. Their expression is associated with the distinct phases of wound healing and they serve as target biomarkers and targets for systematic regulation of wound repair. In this article we critically present the importance of epigenetics with particular emphasis on miRNAs regulating ECM components (i.e. glycoproteins, proteoglycans and matrix proteases) that are key players in wound healing. The clinical relevance of miRNA targeting as well as the delivery strategies designed for clinical applications are also presented and discussed.
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26
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Vahidnezhad H, Youssefian L, Saeidian AH, Zeinali S, Touati A, Abiri M, Sotoudeh S, Norouz-Zadeh S, Amirinezhad N, Mozafari N, Daneshpazhooh M, Mahmoudi H, Hamid M, Bradfield JP, Kim CE, Hakonarson H, Uitto J. Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism-based autozygosity mapping facilitates identification of mutations in consanguineous families with epidermolysis bullosa. Exp Dermatol 2018; 28:1118-1121. [PMID: 29364557 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Autozygosity mapping (AM) is a technique utilised for mapping homozygous autosomal recessive (AR) traits and facilitation of genetic diagnosis. We investigated the utility of AM for the molecular diagnosis of heterogeneous AR disorders, using epidermolysis bullosa (EB) as a paradigm. We applied this technique to a cohort of 46 distinct EB families using both short tandem repeat (STR) and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array-based AM to guide targeted Sanger sequencing of EB candidate genes. Initially, 39 of the 46 cases were diagnosed with homozygous mutations using this method. Independently, 26 cases, including the seven initially unresolved cases, were analysed with an EB-targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel. NGS identified mutations in five additional cases, initially undiagnosed due to the presence of compound heterozygosity, deep intronic mutations or runs of homozygosity below the set threshold of 2 Mb, for a total yield of 44 of 46 cases (95.7%) diagnosed genetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Youssefian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Saeidian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sirous Zeinali
- Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Kawsar Human Genetics Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrew Touati
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maryam Abiri
- Kawsar Human Genetics Research Center, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Sotoudeh
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Medical Center, Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Norouz-Zadeh
- Kawsar Human Genetics Research Center, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Branch, Arsanjan, Iran
| | - Niloufar Amirinezhad
- Kawsar Human Genetics Research Center, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Branch, Arsanjan, Iran
| | - Nikoo Mozafari
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Daneshpazhooh
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mahmoudi
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hamid
- Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jonathan P Bradfield
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Pediatric Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cecilia E Kim
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Pediatric Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Pediatric Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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27
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Vodo D, Sarig O, Peled A, Samuelov L, Malchin N, Grafi-Cohen M, Sprecher E. Recessive epidermolytic ichthyosis results from loss of keratin 10 expression, regardless of the mutation location. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017; 43:187-190. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Vodo
- Department of Dermatology; Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Tel-Aviv Israel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics; Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel-Aviv University; Tel-Aviv Israel
| | - O. Sarig
- Department of Dermatology; Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Tel-Aviv Israel
| | - A. Peled
- Department of Dermatology; Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Tel-Aviv Israel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics; Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel-Aviv University; Tel-Aviv Israel
| | - L. Samuelov
- Department of Dermatology; Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Tel-Aviv Israel
| | - N. Malchin
- Department of Dermatology; Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Tel-Aviv Israel
| | - M. Grafi-Cohen
- Department of Dermatology; Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Tel-Aviv Israel
| | - E. Sprecher
- Department of Dermatology; Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Tel-Aviv Israel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics; Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel-Aviv University; Tel-Aviv Israel
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28
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Prodinger C, Klausegger A, Diem A, Bauer JW, Laimer M. Laryngo-onycho-cutaneous (-like) syndrome due to mutated Plectin. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31:e373-e374. [PMID: 28213897 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Prodinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - A Klausegger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - A Diem
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - J W Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - M Laimer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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29
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Kidney development and perspectives for organ engineering. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:171-183. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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30
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Yenamandra VK, Vellarikkal SK, Kumar M, Chowdhury MR, Jayarajan R, Verma A, Scaria V, Sivasubbu S, Ray SB, Dinda AK, Kabra M, Kaur P, Sharma VK, Sethuraman G. Application of whole exome sequencing in elucidating the phenotype and genotype spectrum of junctional epidermolysis bullosa: A preliminary experience of a tertiary care centre in India. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 86:30-36. [PMID: 28087116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is a diverse group of genodermatoses associated with extreme skin fragility. Despite several well-characterized genetic studies, molecular diagnosis of this heterogeneous group is still challenging. Recent advances in the field of genomics have seen the successful implementation of whole exome sequencing (WES) as a fast and efficient diagnostic strategy in several genodermatoses. OBJECTIVE In view of the scarcity and need of molecular studies for JEB in India, we sought to explore the potential of WES in understanding the mutational spectrum of this rare, in certain subtypes lethal, sub-group of EB. METHODS WES was performed using genomic DNA from each case of EB, followed by massively parallel sequencing. Resulting reads were mapped to the human reference genome hg19. Sanger sequencing subsequently confirmed the potentially pathogenic mutations. RESULTS Overall, four unrelated families (6 patients) of JEB with a highly variable clinical presentation including a rare case of LOC syndrome were studied. WES revealed 4 variations in 3 genes (LAMA3, LAMB3 and COL17A1) that are implicated in JEB. None of the variations were recurrent. In addition we proposed the probable molecular consequence of a missense mutation on the structure-function relationship of lamininβ3 protein through computational modeling studies. CONCLUSIONS Being the first report documenting the phenotype-genotype correlations of JEB patients from India, our preliminary experience with WES is clearly encouraging and serves as a nidus for future large-scale molecular studies to actively identify and understand JEB patients in Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsi K Yenamandra
- Departments of Dermatology & Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shamsudheen K Vellarikkal
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Departments of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Madhumita R Chowdhury
- Departments of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rijith Jayarajan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankit Verma
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Scaria
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR, India
| | - Sridhar Sivasubbu
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR, India
| | - Subrata B Ray
- Departments of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit K Dinda
- Departments of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Madhulika Kabra
- Departments of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Punit Kaur
- Departments of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod K Sharma
- Departments of Dermatology & Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gomathy Sethuraman
- Departments of Dermatology & Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Kopylov AT, Ilgisonis EV, Moysa AA, Tikhonova OV, Zavialova MG, Novikova SE, Lisitsa AV, Ponomarenko EA, Moshkovskii SA, Markin AA, Grigoriev AI, Zgoda VG, Archakov AI. Targeted Quantitative Screening of Chromosome 18 Encoded Proteome in Plasma Samples of Astronaut Candidates. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:4039-4046. [PMID: 27457493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This work was aimed at estimating the concentrations of proteins encoded by human chromosome 18 (Chr 18) in plasma samples of 54 healthy male volunteers (aged 20-47). These young persons have been certified by the medical evaluation board as healthy subjects ready for space flight training. Over 260 stable isotope-labeled peptide standards (SIS) were synthesized to perform the measurements of proteins encoded by Chr 18. Selected reaction monitoring (SRM) with SIS allowed an estimate of the levels of 84 of 276 proteins encoded by Chr 18. These proteins were quantified in whole and depleted plasma samples. Concentration of the proteins detected varied from 10-6 M (transthyretin, P02766) to 10-11 M (P4-ATPase, O43861). A minor part of the proteins (mostly representing intracellular proteins) was characterized by extremely high inter individual variations. The results provide a background for studies of a potential biomarker in plasma among proteins encoded by Chr 18. The SRM raw data are available in ProteomeXchange repository (PXD004374).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrey A Markin
- Institute of Medico-Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences , 123007, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly I Grigoriev
- Institute of Medico-Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences , 123007, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor G Zgoda
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry , 119121, Moscow, Russia
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Uitto J, Has C, Vahidnezhad H, Youssefian L, Bruckner-Tuderman L. Molecular pathology of the basement membrane zone in heritable blistering diseases:: The paradigm of epidermolysis bullosa. Matrix Biol 2016; 57-58:76-85. [PMID: 27496350 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB), a phenotypically heterogeneous group of skin fragility disorders, is characterized by blistering and erosions with considerable morbidity and mortality. Mutations in as many as 18 distinct genes expressed at the cutaneous basement membrane zone have been shown to be associated with the blistering phenotype, attesting to the role of the corresponding proteins in providing stable association of the epidermis to the dermis through adhesion at the dermo-epidermal basement membrane zone. Thus, different forms of EB have been highly instructive in providing information on the physiological functions of these proteins as integral components of the supramolecular adhesion complexes. In addition, precise information of the underlying genes and distinct mutations in families with EB has been helpful in subclassification of the disease with prognostic implications, as well as for prenatal testing and preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Furthermore, knowledge of the types of mutations is a prerequisite for application of allele-specific treatment approaches that have been recently developed, including read-through of premature termination codon mutations and chaperone-facilitated intracellular transport of conformationally altered proteins to proper physiologic subcellular location. Collectively, EB serves as a paradigm of heritable skin diseases in which significant progress has been made in identifying the underlying genetic bases and associated aberrant pathways leading from mutations to the phenotype, thus allowing application of precision medicine for this, currently intractable group of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, The Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, The Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Youssefian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, The Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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33
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Autoimmunity against laminins. Clin Immunol 2016; 170:39-52. [PMID: 27464450 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Laminins are ubiquitous constituents of the basement membranes with major architectural and functional role as supported by the fact that absence or mutations of laminins lead to either lethal or severely impairing phenotypes. Besides genetic defects, laminins are involved in a wide range of human diseases including cancer, infections, and inflammatory diseases, as well as autoimmune disorders. A growing body of evidence implicates several laminin chains as autoantigens in blistering skin diseases, collagenoses, vasculitis, or post-infectious autoimmunity. The current paper reviews the existing knowledge on autoimmunity against laminins referring to both experimental and clinical data, and on therapeutic implications of anti-laminin antibodies. Further investigation of relevant laminin epitopes in pathogenic autoimmunity would facilitate the development of appropriate diagnostic tools for thorough characterization of patients' antibody specificities and should decisively contribute to designing more specific therapeutic interventions.
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Theocharis AD, Skandalis SS, Gialeli C, Karamanos NK. Extracellular matrix structure. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 97:4-27. [PMID: 26562801 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1276] [Impact Index Per Article: 159.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a non-cellular three-dimensional macromolecular network composed of collagens, proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans, elastin, fibronectin, laminins, and several other glycoproteins. Matrix components bind each other as well as cell adhesion receptors forming a complex network into which cells reside in all tissues and organs. Cell surface receptors transduce signals into cells from ECM, which regulate diverse cellular functions, such as survival, growth, migration, and differentiation, and are vital for maintaining normal homeostasis. ECM is a highly dynamic structural network that continuously undergoes remodeling mediated by several matrix-degrading enzymes during normal and pathological conditions. Deregulation of ECM composition and structure is associated with the development and progression of several pathologic conditions. This article emphasizes in the complex ECM structure as to provide a better understanding of its dynamic structural and functional multipotency. Where relevant, the implication of the various families of ECM macromolecules in health and disease is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas D Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Chrysostomi Gialeli
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece; Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine Malmö, Lund University, S-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
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Barzegar M, Asadi-Kani Z, Mozafari N, Vahidnezhad H, Kariminejad A, Toossi P. Using immunofluorescence (antigen) mapping in the diagnosis and classification of epidermolysis bullosa: a first report from Iran. Int J Dermatol 2015. [PMID: 26220012 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunofluorescence antigen mapping (IFM), is a newly introduced technique for diagnosis and classification of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) disease. The precise level of skin cleavage can be determined using monoclonal antibodies to EB-specific basement membrane zone protein. OBJECTIVE To apply IFM technique in diagnosis and classification of EB and to identify utility and limitation of this method in our clinical setting. METHODS IFM was done according to a described protocol by Pohla-Gubo et al. Monoclonal antibodies used for antigen mapping were against cytokeratin 5, cytokeratin 14, α6 integrin, β4 integrin, laminin 332, Collagen IV, and Collagen VII. RESULTS IFM was done for 95 referred patients, compromising 49 females and 46 males, aged 5 days to 45 years (mean = 9.5 years). Ninety cases were diagnosed with EB and classified as follows: EB simplex: (n = 13), junctional EB (n = 14), dystrophic EB (n = 62), and Kindler syndrome (n = 1). Diagnosis was not made in five cases as their specimens contained no blister. Confirmatory genetic analysis was done for five junctional cases from two families with clinical features of laryngo-onycho-cutaneous syndrome. Genetic molecular studies showed nonsense mutations in the last codon of exon 39 of the laminin α3a (LAMA3) gene (p.Gln57X) and a donor splice site mutation in LAMA3 (IVS57+5G>A) in the first and second family, respectively. CONCLUSION IFM technique is relatively simple to perform, and interpretation of the results is not sophisticated. The proportion of inconclusive results will be decreased if the specimens contain freshly induced blister.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Asadi-Kani
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Mozafari
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parviz Toossi
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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36
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Has C, Nyström A. Epidermal Basement Membrane in Health and Disease. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2015; 76:117-70. [PMID: 26610913 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Skin, as the organ protecting the individual from environmental aggressions, constantly meets external insults and is dependent on mechanical toughness for its preserved function. Accordingly, the epidermal basement membrane (BM) zone has adapted to enforce tissue integrity. It harbors anchoring structures created through unique organization of common BM components and expression of proteins exclusive to the epidermal BM zone. Evidence for the importance of its correct assembly and the nonredundancy of its components for skin integrity is apparent from the multiple skin blistering disorders caused by mutations in genes coding for proteins associated with the epidermal BM and from autoimmune disorders in which autoantibodies target these molecules. However, it has become clear that these proteins not only provide mechanical support but are also critically involved in tissue homeostasis, repair, and regeneration. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the unique organization and components of the epidermal BM. A special focus will be given to its function during regeneration, and in inherited and acquired diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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37
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Iorio V, Troughton LD, Hamill KJ. Laminins: Roles and Utility in Wound Repair. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2015; 4:250-263. [PMID: 25945287 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2014.0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Laminins are complex extracellular macromolecules that are major players in the control of a variety of core cell processes, including regulating rates of cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and migration. Laminins, and related extracellular matrix components, have essential roles in tissue homeostasis; however, during wound healing, the same proteins are critical players in re-epithelialization and angiogenesis. Understanding how these proteins influence cell behavior in these different conditions holds great potential in identifying new strategies to enhance normal wound closure or to treat chronic/nonhealing wounds. Recent Advances: Laminin-derived bioactive peptides and, more recently, laminin-peptide conjugated scaffolds, have been designed to improve tissue regeneration after injuries. These peptides have been shown to be effective in decreasing inflammation and granulation tissue, and in promoting re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, and cell migration. Critical Issues: Although there is now a wealth of knowledge concerning laminin form and function, there are still areas of some controversy. These include the relative contribution of two laminin-based adhesive devices (focal contacts and hemidesmosomes) to the re-epithelialization process, the impact and implications of laminin proteolytic processing, and the importance of laminin polymer formation on cell behavior. In addition, the roles in wound healing of the laminin-related proteins, netrins, and LaNts are still to be fully defined. Future Directions: The future of laminin-based therapeutics potentially lies in the bioengineering of specific substrates to support laminin deposition for ex vivo expansion of autologous cells for graft formation and transplantation. Significant recent advances suggest that this goal is within sight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Iorio
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lee D. Troughton
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J. Hamill
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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38
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Turcan I, Jonkman MF. Blistering disease: insight from the hemidesmosome and other components of the dermal-epidermal junction. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 360:545-69. [PMID: 25502077 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The hemidesmosome is a specialized transmembrane complex that mediates the binding of epithelial cells to the underlying basement membrane. In the skin, this multiprotein structure can be regarded as the chief adhesion unit at the site of the dermal-epidermal junction. Focal adhesions are additional specialized attachment structures located between hemidesmosomes. The integrity of the skin relies on well-assembled and functional hemidesmosomes and focal adhesions (also known as integrin adhesomes). However, if these adhesion structures are impaired, e.g., as a result of circulating autoantibodies or inherited genetic mutations, the mechanical strength of the skin is compromised, leading to blistering and/or tissue inflammation. A particular clinical presentation emerges subject to the molecule that is targeted. None of these junctional complexes are simply compounds of adhesion molecules; they also play a significant role in signalling pathways involved in the differentiation and migration of epithelial cells such as during wound healing and in tumour invasion. We summarize current knowledge about hereditary and acquired blistering diseases emerging from pathologies of the hemidesmosome and its neighbouring proteins as components of the dermal-epidermal junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iana Turcan
- Centre for Blistering Diseases, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands,
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Koivisto L, Heino J, Häkkinen L, Larjava H. Integrins in Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2014; 3:762-783. [PMID: 25493210 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2013.0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Regulation of cell adhesions during tissue repair is fundamentally important for cell migration, proliferation, and protein production. All cells interact with extracellular matrix proteins with cell surface integrin receptors that convey signals from the environment into the nucleus, regulating gene expression and cell behavior. Integrins also interact with a variety of other proteins, such as growth factors, their receptors, and proteolytic enzymes. Re-epithelialization and granulation tissue formation are crucially dependent on the temporospatial function of multiple integrins. This review explains how integrins function in wound repair. Recent Advances: Certain integrins can activate latent transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) that modulates wound inflammation and granulation tissue formation. Dysregulation of TGF-β1 function is associated with scarring and fibrotic disorders. Therefore, these integrins represent targets for therapeutic intervention in fibrosis. Critical Issues: Integrins have multifaceted functions and extensive crosstalk with other cell surface receptors and molecules. Moreover, in aberrant healing, integrins may assume different functions, further increasing the complexity of their functionality. Discovering and understanding the role that integrins play in wound healing provides an opportunity to identify the mechanisms for medical conditions, such as excessive scarring, chronic wounds, and even cancer. Future Directions: Integrin functions in acute and chronic wounds should be further addressed in models better mimicking human wounds. Application of any products in acute or chronic wounds will potentially alter integrin functions that need to be carefully considered in the design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeni Koivisto
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jyrki Heino
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lari Häkkinen
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hannu Larjava
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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40
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Di Zenzo G, El Hachem M, Diociaiuti A, Boldrini R, Calabresi V, Cianfarani F, Fortugno P, Piccinni E, Zambruno G, Castiglia D. A truncating mutation in the laminin-332α chain highlights the role of the LG45 proteolytic domain in regulating keratinocyte adhesion and migration. Br J Dermatol 2014; 170:1056-64. [PMID: 24387836 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered function of laminin-332 (α3β3γ2) consequent to mutations in the LAMA3, LAMB3 and LAMC2 genes causes junctional epidermolysis bullosa non-Herlitz (JEB-nH). JEB-nH patients suffer from skin blistering and have an increased risk of developing aggressive skin carcinomas in adulthood. Laminin-332 is proteolytically processed and its extracellular mature form lacks the α3 chain C-terminal globules 4 and 5 (LG45). The LG45 tandem has cell adhesion and protumorigenic properties. However, mutations that affect this domain are very rare and their functional effects in patients have not been explored to date. OBJECTIVE To characterize molecularly an adult patient with JEB-nH and altered laminin-332 expression presenting multiple skin carcinomas, and to analyse LG45-mediated biological functions using keratinocytes from the patient. METHODS A mutational search in laminin-332 genes was performed by hetero-duplex analysis. LAMA3 mRNA and laminin-332 protein levels in patient keratinocytes were investigated by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and radioimmunoprecipitation assay, respectively. Keratinocyte migration was examined by scratch and Boyden chamber assays. RESULTS We identified a homozygous LAMA3 mutation, p.Leu1648TrpfsX32, which truncates the last 45 amino acids of the carboxyl terminal LG5 subdomain. Gene expression studies revealed that the mutant transcripts were stable and even increased, precursor laminin-332 molecules were retained intracellularly and the amount of mature extracellular heterotrimers was reduced to about 50%. Finally, the patient's keratinocytes migrated faster than normal keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS Structural disruption of LG5 highlights the critical functions of the LG45 proteolytic region in precursor laminin-332 secretion and keratinocyte adhesion and migration. Perturbation of LG45 function might explain the non-aggressive behaviour of carcinomas in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Di Zenzo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
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Salam A, Proudfoot LE, McGrath JA. Inherited blistering skin diseases: underlying molecular mechanisms and emerging therapies. Ann Med 2014; 46:49-61. [PMID: 24447048 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2013.866441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A key function of human skin is the formation of a structural barrier against the external environment. In part, this is achieved through the formation of a cornified cell envelope derived from a stratified squamous epithelium attached to an epithelial basement membrane. Resilient in health, the structural integrity of skin can become impaired or break down in a collection of inherited skin diseases, referred to as the blistering genodermatoses. These disorders arise from inherited gene mutations in a variety of structural and signalling proteins and manifest clinically as blisters or erosions following minor skin trauma. In some patients, blistering can be severe resulting in significant morbidity. Furthermore, a number of these conditions are associated with debilitating extra-cutaneous manifestations including gastro-intestinal, cardiac, and ocular complications. In recent years, an improved understanding of the molecular basis of the blistering genodermatoses has led to better disease classification and genetic counselling. For patients, this has also advanced translational research with the advent of new clinical trials of gene, protein, cell, drug, and small molecule therapies. Although curing inherited blistering skin diseases still remains elusive, significant improvements in patients' quality of life are already being achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Salam
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London , Floor 9 Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT , UK
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42
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Kern JS, Has C. Update on diagnosis and therapy of inherited epidermolysis bullosa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/17469872.3.6.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Barzegar M, Mozafari N, Kariminejad A, Asadikani Z, Ozoemena L, McGrath J. A new homozygous nonsense mutation inLAMA3Aunderlying laryngo-onycho-cutaneous syndrome. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169:1353-6. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Barzegar
- Skin Research Center; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Shohad e Tajrish Hospital; Tehran Iran
| | - N. Mozafari
- Skin Research Center; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Shohad e Tajrish Hospital; Tehran Iran
| | - A. Kariminejad
- Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Center; no. 2, 4th St., Hasan Seyf St., Sanat Square Shahrak Gharb Tehran Iran
| | - Z. Asadikani
- Skin Research Center; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Shohad e Tajrish Hospital; Tehran Iran
| | - L. Ozoemena
- GSTS Pathology; St Thomas’ Hospital; London U.K
| | - J.A. McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; King's College London (Guy's Campus); London U.K
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44
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Progress in Epidermolysis bullosa research: summary of DEBRA International Research Conference 2012. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133:2121-6. [PMID: 23949764 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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45
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Disorders of the cutaneous basement membrane zone--the paradigm of epidermolysis bullosa. Matrix Biol 2013; 33:29-34. [PMID: 23917088 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cutaneous basement membrane zone (BMZ) is a highly specialized functional complex that provides the skin with structural adhesion and resistance to shearing forces. Its regulatory functions include control of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions under physiological and pathological conditions. Mutations in genes encoding components of the BMZ are associated with inherited skin disorders of the epidermolysis bullosa (EB) group, characterized by skin fragility, mechanically induced blisters and erosions of the skin and mucous membranes. Although most disease-associated genes are known, the genetic basis of new EB subtypes linked to mutations in genes for focal adhesion proteins was uncovered only recently. The molecular mechanisms leading to blistering, abnormal wound healing, predisposition to skin cancer, and other complications in EB have been elucidated using animal models and disease proteomics. The rapid progress in understanding the molecular basis of EB has enabled the development of strategies for biologically valid causal therapies.
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Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a heterogeneous group of inherited skin diseases characterized by increased skin fragility and variable degrees of extracutaneous involvement. The clinical spectrum ranges from localized skin disease to a life-threatening and disabling disease with extensive extracutaneous involvement. All four major types of EB, namely EB simplex, Junctional EB, Dystrophic EB and Kindler syndrome, can present with blistering and erosions at birth and cannot be distinguished clinically in the newborn period. The extensive differential diagnosis of blistering and erosions in the neonate must be considered and common etiologies ruled out. The diagnosis of EB can be confirmed via a skin biopsy for immunoflourescence mapping. This review discusses the four major subtypes of EB and their associated extracutaneous features. The evaluation of a newborn suspected of having EB, including diagnosis and management, is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes E Gonzalez
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Abstract
Laminin 332 is an essential component of the dermal-epidermal junction, a highly specialized basement membrane zone that attaches the epidermis to the dermis and thereby provides skin integrity and resistance to external mechanical forces. Mutations in the LAMA3, LAMB3 and LAMC2 genes that encode the three constituent polypeptide chains, α3, β3 and γ2, abrogate or perturb the functions of laminin 332. The phenotypic consequences are diminished dermal-epidermal adhesion and, as clinical symptoms, skin fragility and mechanically induced blistering. The disorder is designated as junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB). This article delineates the signs and symptoms of the different forms of JEB, the mutational spectrum, genotype-phenotype correlations as well as perspectives for future molecular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Kiritsi
- Department of Dermatology; University Freiburg Medical Center; Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology; University Freiburg Medical Center; Freiburg, Germany
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Abstract
Laminin 332, composed of the α3, β3 and γ2 chains, is an epithelial-basement membrane specific laminin variant. Its main role in normal tissues is the maintenance of epithelial-mesenchymal cohesion in tissues exposed to external forces, including skin and stratified squamous mucosa. After being secreted and deposited in the extracellular matrix, laminin 332 undergoes physiological maturation processes consisting in the proteolytic processing of domains located within the α3 and the γ2 chains. These maturation events are essential for laminin 332 integration into the basement membrane where it plays an important function in the nucleation and maintenance of anchoring structures. Studies in normal and pathological situations have revealed that laminin 332 can trigger distinct cellular events depending on the level of its proteolytic cleavages. In this review, the biological and structural characteristics of laminin 332 domains are presented and we discuss whether they trigger specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rousselle
- SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
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49
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Abstract
The progress of molecular genetics helps clinicians to prove or exclude a suspected diagnosis for a vast and yet increasing number of genodermatoses. This leads to precise genetic counselling, prenatal diagnosis and preimplantation genetic haplotyping for many inherited skin conditions. It is also helpful in such occasions as phenocopy, late onset and incomplete penetrance, uniparental disomy, mitochondrial inheritance and pigmentary mosaicism. Molecular methods of two genodermatoses are explained in detail, i.e. genodermatoses with skin fragility and neurofibromatosis type 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesarat Wessagowit
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, The Institute of Dermatology, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Domogatskaya
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; , ,
| | - Sergey Rodin
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; , ,
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; , ,
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