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Warp ML, Grindstad T, Skåra KH, Magnus MC, Håberg SE, Morken N, Romundstad LB, Ramlau‐Hansen CH, Hanevik HI. Maternal time interval between menarche and childbirth is associated with daughter's age at menarche. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2025; 104:1101-1111. [PMID: 40388364 PMCID: PMC12087503 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.15088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2025] [Accepted: 02/14/2025] [Indexed: 05/21/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Women's reproductive lifespan has increased over the past two decades. Simultaneously, female reproductive behavior has changed, with increasing age at first birth. Early menarche has been associated with adverse health outcomes, but research investigating the association between maternal age at childbirth and daughter's age at menarche is, so far, inconclusive. Whether the interval between menarche and childbirth or between childbirth and menopause among mothers is associated with age at menarche in daughters is not known. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a cohort study with retrospectively collected data including mothers and daughters participating in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Within this cohort, we identified two study populations. First, we included 14 576 mother-daughter pairs with complete information on maternal age at menarche and childbirth and the daughter's age at menarche. Second, we included 1350 mother-daughter pairs with complete information on maternal age at childbirth and natural menopause, and daughter's age at menarche. We calculated odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in a discrete survival analysis for daughters' age at menarche by time intervals from menarche to childbirth or from childbirth to menopause in mothers. We adjusted for relevant covariates. RESULTS We found 5% lower yearly odds (partially adjusted OR 0.95 (CI 0.90-0.99)) of reaching menarche among daughters born by mothers <16 years after menarche compared to the reference category born 16-20 years following menarche. After additionally adjusting for maternal birth year, the effect estimate was further reduced (fully adjusted OR 0.79 (CI 0.74-0.84)). Among daughters born by mothers >20 years after menarche, the likelihood of early menarche was higher (fully adjusted OR 1.19 (CI 1.13-1.27)) compared to the reference category. Regarding the childbirth-menopause interval, our findings did not reach statistical significance in either of our models. CONCLUSIONS Daughters born to mothers with a shorter time interval (<16 years) between menarche and childbirth have a lower likelihood of experiencing early menarche compared to the reference category (16-20 years), and daughters born to mothers with a longer time interval from menarche to childbirth (>20 years) have a higher likelihood of reaching early menarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Landås Warp
- Telemark Hospital Trust, Fertilitetsavdelingen SørPorsgrunnNorway
- Centre for Fertility and HealthNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
- Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Thea Grindstad
- Centre for Fertility and HealthNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
| | - Karoline H. Skåra
- Centre for Fertility and HealthNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
| | - Maria C. Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and HealthNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
| | - Siri E. Håberg
- Centre for Fertility and HealthNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Nils‐Halvdan Morken
- Centre for Fertility and HealthNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
- Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Liv Bente Romundstad
- Centre for Fertility and HealthNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
- Volvat Spiren Fertility ClinicTrondheimNorway
| | | | - Hans Ivar Hanevik
- Telemark Hospital Trust, Fertilitetsavdelingen SørPorsgrunnNorway
- Centre for Fertility and HealthNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
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Martino RM, Hollinsaid NL, Colich NL, McLaughlin KA, Hatzenbuehler ML. Associations between structural stigma and earlier pubertal timing persist for 1 year among Black girls and Latinx youth. Sci Rep 2025; 15:17655. [PMID: 40399342 PMCID: PMC12095683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-00378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2025] [Indexed: 05/23/2025] Open
Abstract
Black and Latinx youth experience earlier pubertal timing relative to their non-stigmatized peers. Research on determinants of this increased risk has largely focused on aspects of individuals (e.g., body mass index) or their proximal environment (e.g., socioeconomic status), to the exclusion of broader macro-social factors. Using 2 years of Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study® data, we examined whether structural stigma (e.g., state-level policies, aggregated prejudicial attitudes) was associated with hormonal and physical markers of pubertal development. Baseline results documented earlier pubertal timing among Black girls (hormones) and Latinx girls and boys (youth and/or caregiver report) in states with higher (vs. lower) levels of structural racism and xenophobia, respectively. Observed associations were comparable in effect size to a well-established correlate of pubertal development, body mass index, and remained 1 year later among these stigmatized (vs. non-stigmatized) groups. Findings suggest the need to broaden the study of determinants of pubertal development to include macro-social factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Martino
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, William James Hall, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Nathan L Hollinsaid
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, William James Hall, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Natalie L Colich
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, William James Hall, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Katie A McLaughlin
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, William James Hall, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- The Ballmer Institute for Children's Behavioral Health, University of Oregon, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mark L Hatzenbuehler
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, William James Hall, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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Lee M, Kim J, Kim H, Shin J, Suh J. Early life factors of precocious puberty based on Korean nationwide data. Sci Rep 2025; 15:16165. [PMID: 40346327 PMCID: PMC12064793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-98529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2025] [Indexed: 05/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Precocious puberty is characterized by early sexual maturation in children before 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. While puberty is initiated by the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, precise mechanisms triggering the early activation of this axis in children with central precocious puberty (CPP) remain elusive. Here, we aimed to identify variables that may influence the risk of CPP. This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service and National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children and included 43,952 children with CPP and 854,749 controls. Participants were followed up until 2020 for CPP development to determine their height, weight, and head circumference measurements, as well as evaluate their physiological, emotional, cognitive, and social development. The birth weights for boys and girls with CPP were 0.09 and 0.06 kg lower than those of controls, respectively. Breastfeeding rates for children with CPP were lower than those for controls. Children with low birth weights (boys: odds ratio [OR] = 1.71, P < 0.0001; girls: OR 1.30, P < 0.0001) and those who were overweight (boys: OR 1.33, P = 0.0006; girls: OR 1.30, P < 0.0001) or obese (boys: OR 1.60, P < 0.0001; girls: OR 1.14, P < 0.0001) were more likely to develop CPP. Breastfeeding exerted a significant protective effect against CPP in girls (OR 0.95, P = 0.0003). Low birth weight and high body mass index were associated with CPP development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongseob Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Division of Tourism and Wellness, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (HUFS), Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Haedong Kim
- Department of Economics, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junghwan Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Rodríguez-Vázquez E, Aranda-Torrecillas Á, López-Sancho M, Jiménez-Puyer M, Daza-Dueñas S, Barroso A, Sobrino V, Gaytan F, Obis E, Castellano JM, Tena-Sempere M. Central lipid sensing pathways contribute to the control of puberty and its alterations in conditions of obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2025; 328:E675-E694. [PMID: 40172224 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00493.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2024] [Revised: 12/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/04/2025]
Abstract
Childhood obesity, especially in girls, often correlates with advanced puberty and long-term comorbidities. Among the central circuits controlling energy homeostasis, hypothalamic lipid sensing pathways, involving free fatty-acid receptors (FFARs), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), and the bile-acid (BA) receptor, Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), have been recognized as major players, with putative pathogenic roles in obesity and its complications. However, their contribution to pubertal regulation and obesity-induced pubertal alterations remains largely unexplored. We describe herein changes in the hypothalamic profiles of specific lipid species, including certain fatty-acyls, BA derivatives, and several glycerolphospholipids, during the juvenile-pubertal transition and conditions of overweight linked to precocious puberty in female rats. Hypothalamic expression of the FFAR, Gpr84, as well as Ppar-γ and Tgr5 gradually increased during the infantile-prepubertal transition, whereas early overfeeding increased hypothalamic mRNA levels of the FFARs, Gpr43, and Gpr84. Expression of Gpr84, Ppar-α, and Tgr5 was documented in FACS-isolated Kiss1 neurons from juvenile and pubertal female mice. Central pharmacological gain- and loss-of-function manipulations of GPR84-, PPAR-, or TGR5-signaling in prepubertal lean and early overfed female rats resulted in specific changes in pubertal timing. In lean rats, central blockade of PPAR-γ/α delayed puberty onset, whereas in early overfed rats, central stimulation of TGR5 signaling partially prevented obesity-induced advanced puberty; effects that were also marginally observed after GPR84 inhibition. Our results disclose the role of brain lipid-sensing pathways in the control of puberty, with a variable contribution of central FFAR-, PPAR-, and TGR5-signaling depending on the maturational and nutritional status.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Puberty is highly sensitive to body energy status, and child obesity is often linked to perturbed puberty. However, whether this comes from excessive energy stores or specific nutrient signals altered in obesity remains largely unexplored. Using suitable preclinical models of early obesity and accelerated puberty, we disclose herein conclusive evidence for altered hypothalamic lipid profiles and the roles of specific lipid-sensing pathways in pubertal control, with a variable contribution depending on the maturational and nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Rodríguez-Vázquez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Álvaro Aranda-Torrecillas
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María López-Sancho
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Jiménez-Puyer
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Silvia Daza-Dueñas
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alexia Barroso
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Verónica Sobrino
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Gaytan
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Elia Obis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida University (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Juan M Castellano
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
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Goto T, Hagihara M, Irie S, Abe T, Kiyonari H, Miyamichi K. Dietary availability acutely influences puberty onset via a hypothalamic neural circuit. Neuron 2025; 113:1036-1050.e5. [PMID: 39999843 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2025.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025]
Abstract
Reproduction poses a substantial burden, especially for mammalian females. Puberty onset serves as a vital checkpoint, regulated based on the body's energy state, to prevent inappropriate reproductive activity under malnutrition. However, the neural basis of this puberty checkpoint remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that peripubertal malnutrition in female mice reduces the synchronous activity episodes of arcuate kisspeptin neurons, which are critical regulators of the gonadotropin axis. Improved dietary availability increased the frequency of this pulsatile activity, facilitating puberty onset. Using a viral-genetic approach, we show that the activity of agouti-related protein neurons in the arcuate nucleus, a hunger center, can bidirectionally regulate the pulsatile activity of kisspeptin neurons and follicular maturation in the ovaries. Collectively, a neural circuit connecting feeding to reproductive centers acts as an adjuster of the frequency of pulsatile kisspeptin neuron activity based on dietary availability, contributing to the neural basis of the puberty checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Goto
- Laboratory for Comparative Connectomics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Mitsue Hagihara
- Laboratory for Comparative Connectomics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Satsuki Irie
- Laboratory for Comparative Connectomics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kazunari Miyamichi
- Laboratory for Comparative Connectomics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
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Shulhai AM, Munerati A, Menzella M, Palanza P, Esposito S, Street ME. Insights into pubertal development: a narrative review on the role of epigenetics. J Endocrinol Invest 2025; 48:817-830. [PMID: 39704935 PMCID: PMC11950117 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02513-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 11/30/2024] [Indexed: 12/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Puberty is a key phase of growth and development, characterized by psychophysical transformations. It is driven by a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental variables. Epigenetic mechanisms, including histone post-translational modifications and chromatin remodeling, microRNAs, and DNA methylation, play important roles in orchestrating the developmental processes. We describe environmental factors that may interact with genetics, and factors influencing puberty onset, focusing in particular on epigenetic mechanisms that can help understand the timing and variations that lead to precocious or delayed puberty. METHODS We conducted a narrative review of associations between puberty and epigenetic mechanisms through a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. RESULTS The chromatin landscape of genes as KISS1 has revealed dynamic changes in histone modifications as puberty approaches, influencing the stimulation or inhibition of gene expression critical for reproductive maturation. MiRNAs regulate gene expression, whereas DNA methylation affects activation or repression of gene transcription of genes involved in pubertal timing. Moreover, studies in animal models have provided insights into the role of DNA methylation and miRNAs in brain sexual differentiation, highlighting the active involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in shaping sexually dimorphic brain structures. CONCLUSION This review highlights the importance of understanding the complex interplay between epigenetic regulation and pubertal development, which can lead to new therapeutic options and shed light on the fundamental processes driving reproductive maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Mariia Shulhai
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, University of Parma, Parma, 43126, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics №2, Ivan Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Anna Munerati
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, University of Parma, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Marialaura Menzella
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, University of Parma, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Paola Palanza
- Unit of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43125, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, University of Parma, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Maria Elisabeth Street
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, University of Parma, Parma, 43126, Italy.
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Koysombat K, Tsoutsouki J, Patel AH, Comninos AN, Dhillo WS, Abbara A. Kisspeptin and neurokinin B: roles in reproductive health. Physiol Rev 2025; 105:707-764. [PMID: 39813600 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 11/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin and neurokinin B (NKB) play a key role in several physiological processes including in puberty, adult reproductive function including the menstrual cycle, as well as mediating the symptoms of menopause. Infundibular kisspeptin neurons, which coexpress NKB, regulate the activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and thus the physiological pulsatile secretion of GnRH from the hypothalamus. Outside of their hypothalamic reproductive roles, these peptides are implicated in several physiological functions including sexual behavior and attraction, placental function, and bone health. Over the last two decades, research findings have considerably enhanced our understanding of the physiological regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and identified potential therapeutic applications. For example, recognition of the role of kisspeptin as the natural inductor of ovulation has led to research investigating its use as a safer, more physiological trigger of oocyte maturation in in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Moreover, the key role of NKB in the pathophysiology of menopausal hot flashes has led to the development of pharmacological antagonism of this pathway. Indeed, fezolinetant, a neurokinin 3 receptor antagonist, has recently received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for clinical use to treat menopausal vasomotor symptoms. Here, we discuss the roles of kisspeptin and NKB in human physiology, including in the regulation of puberty, menstrual cyclicity, reproductive behavior, pregnancy, menopause, and bone homeostasis. We describe how perturbations of these key physiological processes can result in disease states and consider how kisspeptin and NKB could be exploited diagnostically as well as therapeutically to treat reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanyada Koysombat
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jovanna Tsoutsouki
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aaran H Patel
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander N Comninos
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Abbara
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Zhang Q, Zhang J, Feng X, Wu D, Chen Z, Li Y, Liu Q. Effect of maternal previous pregnancy on children's pubertal development: an 8-year pubertal cohort. Hum Reprod 2025; 40:675-682. [PMID: 39954707 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaf015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2024] [Revised: 12/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2025] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does the maternal pregnancy history affect the course of their offspring's pubertal development? SUMMARY ANSWER Maternal pregnancy history, particularly adverse outcomes, significantly influences the timing of menarche and the tempo of breast development in girls. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Preliminary evidence indicates that parity may affect the onset of puberty, mainly as reflected by changes in the timing of pubic and axillary hair development. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This 8-year cohort, conducted semi-annually, was recruited from four primary schools. The average follow-up duration was 6.09 years (range: 2-8 years). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The study cohort comprised 1390 children, including 710 girls and 680 boys, with age ranges of 6.58-19.26 years and 5.81-19.28 years, respectively, over an 8-year follow-up period. The primary exposure was whether the mother has a history of pregnancy prior to the birth of the child, including childbearing, miscarriage, and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Pubertal milestones as assessed by a professional, including breast and genital development, were modeled using logistic regression, and the age of menarche was documented for girls. Associations between maternal pregnancy history and pubertal progression in both genders were analyzed using generalized linear regression models. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Girls from non-first pregnancies experienced a delayed age at menarche by 0.22 years (95% CI: 0.05, 0.38) and a more rapid tempo of breast development (0.06; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.11) compared to those from first pregnancies, particularly among girls with a history of maternal adverse pregnancy outcomes. The effect of maternal pregnancy history on pubertal development was less pronounced in boys than in girls. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The sample was relatively small, and the cohort also lacks sufficient data due to missing data points and some study participants still maturing. While model fitting aids in describing incomplete pubertal development, the logistic growth mixed-effects model's assumptions about growth curves may not fully reflect reality. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Maternal pregnancy history, particularly adverse outcomes, can markedly influence pubertal progression in girls. Previous studies have shown that the timing and tempo of pubertal development impact adolescent psychological and behavioral health, and have implications for reproductive health and diseases in adulthood. Optimal pregnancy planning by mothers is essential for enhancing the well-being of both mother and offspring. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by Chongqing Natural Science Foundation project (CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0133), National Natural Science Foundation of China (81973067), National Youth Science Fund Project (81502825), and Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine, Chongqing Medical University (W0054). This study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Ethics Committee of Chongqing Medical University (Reference Number: 2023003). Informed consent was obtained from all participants and their guardians involved in the study. The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyi Feng
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zixuan Chen
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Fanis P, Morrou M, Tomazou M, Alghol HAM, Spyrou GM, Neocleous V, Phylactou LA. Identification of puberty related miRNAs in the hypothalamus of female mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2025; 598:112468. [PMID: 39842623 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2025.112468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2024] [Revised: 01/03/2025] [Accepted: 01/20/2025] [Indexed: 01/24/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Puberty is a crucial developmental stage marked by the transition from childhood to adulthood, organized by complex hormonal signaling within the neuroendocrine system. The hypothalamus, a central region in this system, regulates pubertal functions through the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, essential in puberty control, release GnRH in a pulsatile manner, initiating the production of sex hormones. Major influence in pubertal timing has been attributed to genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and nutritional status. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA molecules, have emerged as key regulators in various cellular processes by either repressing genes or activating them by inhibiting their repressors. The present study aims to investigate the involvement of miRNAs in the control of puberty. METHODS Small RNA sequencing was used to identify and compare the total population of miRNAs in the hypothalamus of female mice before, during and after puberty. Bioinformatic analysis was applied to analyse the expression profile of miRNAs with altered levels followed by pathway enrichment analysis. RESULTS Expression levels of several miRNAs were found up- or down-regulated from pre-pubertal to pubertal stage. Furthermore, monitoring the levels of these miRNAs at the post-pubertal stage revealed four expression patterns, in which pathway analysis displayed the associations of these miRNAs with developmental processes, cell cycle regulation, metabolic biosynthesis and epigenetic regulation. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study improve our understanding of the molecular pathways underlying puberty and stress the significance of miRNAs in fine-tuning gene expression within the hypothalamus during this critical developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos Fanis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Morrou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marios Tomazou
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Hend Abdulgadr M Alghol
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - George M Spyrou
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vassos Neocleous
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Leonidas A Phylactou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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10
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Qin Y, Deng H, Liu L, Li M, Yang J, Zhang C, Zhou J, Xiao Y. Serum phoenixin levels in girls with central precocious puberty and premature thelarche. Endocrine 2025; 87:857-865. [PMID: 39427109 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-04074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Phoenixin (PNX), a newly discovered neuropeptide associated with reproduction, has been speculated to be involved in precocious puberty. Therefore, we assessed serum PNX levels in girls with precocious puberty. METHODS Serum phoenixin-14 (PNX-14) and phoenixin-20 (PNX-20) levels were determined in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) and premature thelarche (PT) and in healthy controls (n = 58 per group). Spearman's correlation was used to analyze the correlations between variables. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the performance of PNX for the diagnosis of CPP. Significant predictors of serum PNX levels were determined using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS Serum PNX-14 and PNX-20 levels were significantly higher in girls with CPP than in the controls; however, no significant differences in serum PNX-14 and PNX-20 levels were observed between girls with PT and the controls. PNX-20 levels were positively correlated with basal luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, peak LH levels, the peak LH to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio, and estradiol levels. No significant correlation was observed between PNX-14 levels and any of these parameters. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that PNX-20 levels exhibited the strongest correlation with peak LH/FSH values. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of PNX-14 and PNX-20 for predicting CPP were 0.628 (cut-off value, 100.12 pg/mL; sensitivity, 44.6%; specificity, 77.6%) and 0.775 (cut-off value, 360.03 pg/mL; sensitivity, 66.5%; specificity, 79.3%), respectively. When these two indicators were combined, the AUC was 0.785. CONCLUSIONS Serum PNX levels may be associated with precocious puberty in girls and can be used as an auxiliary CPP indicator. However, given the low sensitivity and specificity of PNX, it should not be used as a single diagnostic indicator of CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongyang Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Lujie Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiong Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenglin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yanfeng Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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11
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Zhang W, Qin P, Li M, Pan Z, Wu Z, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Fang F. NAGK regulates the onset of puberty in female mice. Theriogenology 2025; 231:228-239. [PMID: 39488153 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 10/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/23/2024] [Indexed: 11/04/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the role of N-acetylglucosamine kinase (NAGK) in initiating puberty in female mice. We employed real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunofluorescence to measure NAGK expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis across various developmental stages: infant, prepuberty, puberty, and adult. We further investigated the impact of Nagk gene knockdown on puberty in female mice. This included assessing the expression of puberty-related genes both in vivo and in vitro, GT1-7 cells proliferation and apoptosis, concentrations of GnRH and Kisspeptin, puberty onset timing, serum levels of progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2), and ovarian morphology. Results revealed that Nagk mRNA is present in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovaries throughout different developmental stages in female mice. In the hypothalamus, Nagk mRNA levels were comparable during infant and prepuberty, lowest during puberty, and highest in adult. In the pituitary, Nagk mRNA peaked in adult, with no significant variation between infant, prepuberty, and puberty. In the ovaries, Nagk mRNA levels increased during puberty and peaked in adult. NAGK is predominantly located in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), periventricular nucleus (PeN), dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH), paraventricular nucleus (PVN), adenohypophysis, and in the ovarian oocytes, interstitium, and granulosa cells across all developmental stages in female mice. Nagk knockdown in GT1-7 cells decreased the transcriptional level of Gnrh, Kiss1, Gpr54, Igf1 and Mapk14 mRNA and cell proliferation but increased the level of β-catenin mRNA and cell apoptosis, while reducing GnRH secretion. Following ICV injection, Nagk gene knockdown mice exhibited delayed the timing of vaginal opening (VO) and reduced hypothalamic levels of Gnrh, Kiss1, Gpr54, Igf1, Mapk14, and β-catenin mRNA. Additionally, serum concentrations of E2 in Nagk gene knockdown mice were significantly lower compared to the control group. These findings indicate that Nagk regulates the expression of Gnrh and Kiss1 mRNA in GT1-7 cells, affects hypothalamus Gnrh mRNA levels and serum E2 concentration, and that its knockdown can delay puberty onset in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Ping Qin
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Mengxian Li
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Zhihao Pan
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Zhuoya Wu
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yanyun Zhu
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yunsheng Li
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Fugui Fang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
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Read JE, Vasile‐Tudorache A, Newsome A, Lorente MJ, Agustín‐Pavón C, Howard SR. Disorders of puberty and neurodevelopment: A shared etiology? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024; 1541:83-99. [PMID: 39431640 PMCID: PMC11580780 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2024]
Abstract
The neuroendocrine control of puberty and reproduction is fascinatingly complex, with up- and down-regulation of key reproductive hormones during fetal, infantile, and later childhood periods that determine the correct function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and the timing of puberty. Neuronal development is a vital element of these processes, and multiple conditions of disordered puberty and reproduction have their etiology in abnormal neuronal migration or function. Although there are numerous documented cases across multiple conditions wherein patients have both neurodevelopmental disorders and pubertal abnormalities, this has mostly been described ad hoc and the associations are not clearly documented. In this review, we aim to describe the overlap between these two groups of conditions and to increase awareness to ensure that puberty and reproductive function are carefully monitored in patients with neurodevelopmental conditions, and vice versa. Moreover, this commonality can be explored for clues about the disease mechanisms in these patient groups and provide new avenues for therapeutic interventions for affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E. Read
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Alexandru Vasile‐Tudorache
- Department of Cell Biology, Functional Biology and Physical AnthropologyFaculty of Biological Sciences, University of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Angel Newsome
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - María José Lorente
- Department of Cell Biology, Functional Biology and Physical AnthropologyFaculty of Biological Sciences, University of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Carmen Agustín‐Pavón
- Department of Cell Biology, Functional Biology and Physical AnthropologyFaculty of Biological Sciences, University of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Sasha R. Howard
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of Paediatric EndocrinologyBarts Health NHS TrustLondonUK
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Karakilic Ozturan E, Yavas Abali Z, Karaman V, Poyrazoglu S, Uyguner ZO, Darendeliler F, Bas F. Clinical and Genetic Mechanisms in Patients with MC2R Deficiency Presenting with Early Puberty. Horm Res Paediatr 2024:1-8. [PMID: 39496238 DOI: 10.1159/000542307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/19/2024] [Indexed: 11/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Melanocortin receptor 2 (MC2R) in the adrenal cortex controls the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The melanocortin system, influenced by leptin, regulates GnRH neurons, crucial for puberty onset and fertility. This study evaluates early puberty in primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) patients due to MC2R gene alterations. METHODS Seven patients with PAI (P1-P7) from five unrelated families, all presenting with early or precocious puberty, were included. MC2R deficiency diagnosis ranged from 1 day to 11 months. MKRN3, DLK1, KISS1, and KISS1R genes were analyzed using Sanger sequencing in four cases (P2, P4, P6, and P7). All clinical data were obtained retrospectively. RESULTS Puberty onset mean age was 8.6 years (7.4-9.5) in boys (P1, P2, P3, P7) and 8.5 years (7.4-9.5) in girls (P4, P5, P6). Tumor markers were negative; no adrenal rest or tumors were found. GnRH analogs were used for rapid puberty in P2, P3, P6. Final height in P1 and P2 was below target (-2.6 SDS, -0.7 SDS). Menarche occurred at 11 and 11.3 years in P4 and P5. No pathogenic variants were found. CONCLUSION Genetic causes of early puberty were not identified. Elevated ACTH may stimulate kisspeptin neurons, triggering puberty. Close monitoring of these patients for pubertal development is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Karakilic Ozturan
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Yavas Abali
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Marmara University Pendik Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Volkan Karaman
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sukran Poyrazoglu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Oya Uyguner
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Marmara University Pendik Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feyza Darendeliler
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Firdevs Bas
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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14
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Ullah R, Xue C, Wang S, Qin Z, Rauf N, Zhan S, Khan NU, Shen Y, Zhou YD, Fu J. Alternate-day fasting delays pubertal development in normal-weight mice but prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity and precocious puberty. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:82. [PMID: 39366955 PMCID: PMC11452675 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00335-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Childhood obesity, particularly in girls, is linked to early puberty onset, heightening risks for adult-onset diseases. Addressing childhood obesity and precocious puberty is vital to mitigate societal burdens. Despite existing costly and invasive medical interventions, introducing lifestyle-based alternatives is essential. Our study investigates alternate-day fasting's (ADF) impact on pubertal development in normal-weight and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese female mice. METHODS Four groups of female mice were utilized, with dams initially fed control chow during and before pregnancy. Post-parturition, two groups continued on control chow, while two switched to an HFD. Offspring diets mirrored maternal exposure. One control and one HFD group were subjected to ADF. Morphometry and hormone analyses at various time points were performed. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that ADF in normal-weight mice led to reduced body length, weight, uterine, and ovarian weights, accompanied by delayed puberty and lower levels of sex hormones and growth hormone (GH). Remarkably, GH treatment effectively prevented ADF-induced growth reduction but did not prevent delayed puberty. Conversely, an HFD increased body length, induced obesity and precocious puberty, and altered sex hormones and leptin levels, which were counteracted by ADF regimen. Our data indicate ADF's potential in managing childhood obesity and precocious puberty. CONCLUSIONS ADF reduced GH and sex hormone levels, contributing to reduced growth and delayed puberty, respectively. Therefore, parents of normal-weight children should be cautious about prolonged overnight fasting. ADF prevented HFD-induced obesity and precocious puberty, offering an alternative to medical approaches; nevertheless, further studies are needed for translation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Ullah
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| | - Chuqing Xue
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Senjie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhewen Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Naveed Rauf
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shumin Zhan
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Naimat Ullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Yi Shen
- Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| | - Yu-Dong Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| | - Junfen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China.
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15
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De Silva NL, Papanikolaou N, Grossmann M, Antonio L, Quinton R, Anawalt BD, Jayasena CN. Male hypogonadism: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:761-774. [PMID: 39159641 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00199-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Organic male hypogonadism due to irreversible hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) pathology is easily diagnosed and treated with testosterone-replacement therapy. However, controversy surrounds the global practice of prescribing testosterone to symptomatic men with low testosterone and non-gonadal factors reducing health status, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and ageing (ie, functional hypogonadism), but without identifiable HPT axis pathology. Health optimisation remains the gold-standard management strategy. Nevertheless, in the last decade large clinical trials and an individual patient data meta-analysis of smaller clinical trials confirmed that testosterone therapy induces modest, yet statistically significant, improvements in sexual function without increasing short-term to medium-term cardiovascular or prostate cancer risks in men with functional hypogonadism. Although testosterone improves bone mineral density and insulin sensitivity in these men, trials from the last decade suggest insufficient evidence to determine the safety and effectiveness of use of this hormone for the prevention of fractures or type 2 diabetes. This Review discusses the pathogenesis and diagnosis of male hypogonadism and appraises the evidence underpinning the management of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipun Lakshitha De Silva
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Nikoleta Papanikolaou
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mathis Grossmann
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Leen Antonio
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Richard Quinton
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK; Northern Regional Gender Dysphoria Service, Cumbria Northumberland Tyne & Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Bradley David Anawalt
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Channa N Jayasena
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Tang J, Chen Y, Xue P, Chen Y, Kong H, Lin C, Wang X, Liu S. Exposure to synthetic steroid hormones and precocious puberty in girls: A case-control study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116814. [PMID: 39083867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic steroid hormones are an emerging class of environmental pollutants, but their influence on pubertal timing remains unclear. This case-control study explored the association between synthetic steroid hormone exposure and precocious puberty. Using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), synthetic steroid hormones were detected in urine samples from 229 Chinese girls, aged 6-9 years. Puberty status was assessed using Tanner staging by professional pediatricians. We conducted the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression combined with logistic regression. Besides, we evaluated the joint effects of steroid hormone mixture and identified the main contributor using the Weighted quantile sum (WQS) model and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model. The logistic regression model reflected an inverse individual association between precocious puberty and halcinonide [OR (95 %CI): 0.20 (0.07, 0.46)], and budesonide [OR (95 %CI): 0.77 (0.62, 0.95)]. In the joint effects utilizing the WQS model, precocious puberty showed a marginal association with steroid hormone mixture, but was not significant [OR (95 %CI): 0.88 (0.75, 1.04)]. Prednisolone (0.31), fluorometholone acetate (0.24), and dexamethasone acetate (0.12) had the highest weight. Consistently, mixture exposure was not associated with precocious puberty in the BKMR model. In conclusion, precocious puberty was associated with halcinonide and budesonide exposure, but not steroid hormone mixture among girls. It highlighted the management of the residual synthetic steroid hormones in the environment and provided a direction for the prevention of precocious puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Tang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Hainan 572022, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Peng Xue
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Hainan 572022, China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Hainan 572022, China
| | - Huijun Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Qufu People's Hospital, Qufu, Shandong 273160, China
| | - Cuilan Lin
- Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528405, China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shijian Liu
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Hainan 572022, China.
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Mączka K, Stasiak O, Przybysz P, Grymowicz M, Smolarczyk R. The Impact of the Endocrine and Immunological Function of Adipose Tissue on Reproduction in Women with Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9391. [PMID: 39273337 PMCID: PMC11395521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, which leads to metabolic dysregulation and body function impairment, emerges as one of the pressing health challenges worldwide. Excessive body fat deposits comprise a dynamic and biologically active organ possessing its own endocrine function. One of the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of obesity is low-grade systemic inflammation mediated by pro-inflammatory factors such as free fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides, adipokines (including leptin, resistin and visfatin) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, Il-6), which are secreted by adipose tissue. Together with obesity-induced insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism, the exacerbated immune response has a negative impact on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis at all levels and directly affects reproduction. In women, it results in disrupted ovarian function, irregular menstrual cycles and anovulation, contributing to infertility. This review focuses on the abnormal intracellular communication, altered gene expression and signaling pathways activated in obesity, underscoring its multifactorial character and consequences at a molecular level. Extensive presentation of the complex interplay between adipokines, cytokines, immune cells and neurons may serve as a foundation for future studies in search of potential sites for more targeted treatment of reproductive disorders related to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Mączka
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Stasiak
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Przybysz
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Grymowicz
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman Smolarczyk
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Aiello F, Palumbo S, Cirillo G, Tornese G, Fava D, Wasniewska M, Faienza MF, Bozzola M, Luongo C, Festa A, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Grandone A. MKRN3 circulating levels in girls with central precocious puberty caused by MKRN3 gene mutations. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:1477-1485. [PMID: 38112911 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE MKNR3 is a paternally expressed gene whose mutations are the main cause of central precocious puberty (CPP). Protein circulating levels can be easily measured, as demonstrated in idiopathic CPP and healthy controls. No data are available for patients harboring an MKRN3 mutation. Our aim was to perform MKRN3 mutation screening and to investigate if circulating protein levels could be a screening tool to identify MKRN3 mutation in CPP patients. METHODS We enrolled 140 CPP girls and performed MKRN3 mutation analysis. Patients were stratified into two groups: idiopathic CPP (iCPP) and MKRN3 mutation-related CPP (MKRN3-CPP). Clinical characteristics were collected. Serum MKRN3 values were measured by a commercially available ELISA assay kit in MKRN3-CPP and a subgroup of 15 iCPP patients. RESULTS We identified 5 patients with MKRN3 mutations: one was a novel mutation (p.Gln352Arg) while the others were previously reported (p.Arg328Cys, p.Arg345Cys, p.Pro160Cysfs*14, p.Cys410Ter). There was a significant difference in circulating MKRN3 values in MKRN3-CPP compared to iCPP (p < 0.001). In MKRN3-CPP, the subject harboring Pro160Cysfs*14 presented undetectable levels. Subjects carrying the missense mutations p.Arg328Cys and p.Gln352Arg showed divergent circulating protein levels, respectively 40.56 pg/mL and undetectable. The patient with the non-sense mutation reported low but measurable MKRN3 levels (12.72 pg/mL). CONCLUSIONS MKRN3 defect in patients with CPP cannot be predicted by MKRN3 circulating levels, although those patients presented lower protein levels than iCPP. Due to the great inter-individual variability of the assay and the lack of reference values, no precise cut-off can be identified to suspect MKRN3 defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Aiello
- Department of Women's and Children's Health and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio 2, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - S Palumbo
- Department of Women's and Children's Health and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio 2, 80138, Napoli, Italy.
| | - G Cirillo
- Department of Women's and Children's Health and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio 2, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - G Tornese
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - D Fava
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Wasniewska
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M F Faienza
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology and Rare Endocrine Diseases, Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - M Bozzola
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Onlus, Il Bambino e Il Suo Pediatra, Novara, Galliate, Italy
| | - C Luongo
- Department of Women's and Children's Health and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio 2, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Festa
- Department of Women's and Children's Health and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio 2, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - E Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Women's and Children's Health and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio 2, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Grandone
- Department of Women's and Children's Health and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio 2, 80138, Napoli, Italy
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19
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Sanchez-Macedo L, Vidal-Espinoza R, Minango-Negrete J, Ronque EV, Campos LFCCD, Fuentes-López J, Vargas-Ramos E, Rivera-Portugal M, Cossio-Bolaños M, Gomez-Campos R. Parameters of pubertal growth spurt in children and adolescents living at high altitude in Peru. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2024; 100:189-195. [PMID: 37944907 PMCID: PMC10943288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to estimate the pubertal growth height of children and adolescents living in a high-altitude region of Peru using the Preece-Baines model 1 (1 PB). METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in schoolchildren from the department of Puno (Peru) between 3841 and 3874 masl. The age range was between 4 and 17 years. Standing height was evaluated. 1 PB was used to infer the mathematical and biological parameters of stature. RESULTS Mathematical parameters estimated by the 1 PB model reflected small residual standard error (RSE) values in both sexes (0.25 in boys and 0.27 in girls). In boys, the age at which peak velocity was reached (APHV) was estimated at 13.21 ± 0.33years. While in girls it was 9.96 ± 0.26years (p < 0.05). In general, girls reached APHV (y) 3.25 years earlier than boys. On the other hand, the growth velocity of maximum height [APHV (cm/y)] of boys was higher (6.33 ± 6.06 cm/y) relative to girls (6.06 ± 0.32 cm/y). Estimated final adult height (EFAH) in boys was reached at 166.020 ± 0.99 cm and height at maximum growth velocity (HPHV) was 153.07 ± 0.67 cm, while in girls they were significantly lower (EFAH; 153.74 ± 0.44 cm and HPHV: 139.73 ± 0.84 cm). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that girls living in Puno at a high altitude in Peru reached APHV 3 years earlier than boys and at the same time reflected slower PHV. These results suggest that pubertal growth at high altitudes is slower in both sexes and especially in girls. Thus, modeling physical growth may be an important step in understanding the onset of puberty at different latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marco Cossio-Bolaños
- Carrera de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Perú
| | - Rossana Gomez-Campos
- Carrera de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Perú.
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20
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Anderson GM, Hill JW, Kaiser UB, Navarro VM, Ong KK, Perry JRB, Prevot V, Tena-Sempere M, Elias CF. Metabolic control of puberty: 60 years in the footsteps of Kennedy and Mitra's seminal work. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:111-123. [PMID: 38049643 PMCID: PMC10843588 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00919-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
An individual's nutritional status has a powerful effect on sexual maturation. Puberty onset is delayed in response to chronic energy insufficiency and is advanced under energy abundance. The consequences of altered pubertal timing for human health are profound. Late puberty increases the chances of cardiometabolic, musculoskeletal and neurocognitive disorders, whereas early puberty is associated with increased risks of adult obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and various cancers, such as breast, endometrial and prostate cancer. Kennedy and Mitra's trailblazing studies, published in 1963 and using experimental models, were the first to demonstrate that nutrition is a key factor in puberty onset. Building on this work, the field has advanced substantially in the past decade, which is largely due to the impressive development of molecular tools for experimentation and population genetics. In this Review, we discuss the latest advances in basic and translational sciences underlying the nutritional and metabolic control of pubertal development, with a focus on perspectives and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg M Anderson
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer W Hill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ursula B Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victor M Navarro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ken K Ong
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vincent Prevot
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Carol F Elias
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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21
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Telfer EE, Grosbois J, Odey YL, Rosario R, Anderson RA. Making a good egg: human oocyte health, aging, and in vitro development. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2623-2677. [PMID: 37171807 PMCID: PMC10625843 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00032.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian eggs (oocytes) are formed during fetal life and establish associations with somatic cells to form primordial follicles that create a store of germ cells (the primordial pool). The size of this pool is influenced by key events during the formation of germ cells and by factors that influence the subsequent activation of follicle growth. These regulatory pathways must ensure that the reserve of oocytes within primordial follicles in humans lasts for up to 50 years, yet only approximately 0.1% will ever be ovulated with the rest undergoing degeneration. This review outlines the mechanisms and regulatory pathways that govern the processes of oocyte and follicle formation and later growth, within the ovarian stroma, through to ovulation with particular reference to human oocytes/follicles. In addition, the effects of aging on female reproductive capacity through changes in oocyte number and quality are emphasized, with both the cellular mechanisms and clinical implications discussed. Finally, the details of current developments in culture systems that support all stages of follicle growth to generate mature oocytes in vitro and emerging prospects for making new oocytes from stem cells are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn E Telfer
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Johanne Grosbois
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne L Odey
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Roseanne Rosario
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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22
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Zhao HY, Zhang YR, Zhang R, Li YT, Guo RL, Shi WS. Comprehensive analysis of untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics in girls with central precocious puberty. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1157272. [PMID: 37252040 PMCID: PMC10213437 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1157272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Central precocious puberty (CPP) is a rare condition that causes early sexual development in children. Although the cure is effective, the etiology of central precocious puberty is unclear. Methods In total, 10 girls with central precocious puberty and same number of age-matched female controls were enrolled. Plasma samples were collected from each participant and subjected to untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics. Student's t-tests were employed to compare the mean of each metabolite and lipid. Furthermore, orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis was conducted and the variable importance in the projection was calculated to identify differentially expressed metabolites or lipids. Subsequent bioinformatics was conducted to investigate the potential function of differentially expressed metabolites and lipids. Results Fifty-nine differentially expressed metabolites were identified based on the criteria used (variable importance in the projection >1 and a P value < 0.05). Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes and Genome (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed metabolites were enriched in four pathways: beta-alanine metabolism, histidine metabolism, bile secretion, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. As for the lipidomics, 41 differentially expressed lipids were observed and chain length analysis and lipid saturation analysis yielded similar results. Significant differences between the two groups were only observed in (O-acyl) ω-hydroxy fatty acids (OAHFA). Conclusion The present study showed that antibiotic overuse, increased meat consumption, and obesity may have potential roles in the development of central precocious puberty in girls. Several metabolites have diagnostic value but further research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ying Zhao
- Pediatric Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ya-Rong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu-Ting Li
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Rong-Lian Guo
- Pediatric Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Shi
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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23
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Brito VN, Canton APM, Seraphim CE, Abreu AP, Macedo DB, Mendonca BB, Kaiser UB, Argente J, Latronico AC. The Congenital and Acquired Mechanisms Implicated in the Etiology of Central Precocious Puberty. Endocr Rev 2023; 44:193-221. [PMID: 35930274 PMCID: PMC9985412 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of central precocious puberty (CPP) is multiple and heterogeneous, including congenital and acquired causes that can be associated with structural or functional brain alterations. All causes of CPP culminate in the premature pulsatile secretion of hypothalamic GnRH and, consequently, in the premature reactivation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The activation of excitatory factors or suppression of inhibitory factors during childhood represent the 2 major mechanisms of CPP, revealing a delicate balance of these opposing neuronal pathways. Hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) is the most well-known congenital cause of CPP with central nervous system abnormalities. Several mechanisms by which hamartoma causes CPP have been proposed, including an anatomical connection to the anterior hypothalamus, autonomous neuroendocrine activity in GnRH neurons, trophic factors secreted by HH, and mechanical pressure applied to the hypothalamus. The importance of genetic and/or epigenetic factors in the underlying mechanisms of CPP has grown significantly in the last decade, as demonstrated by the evidence of genetic abnormalities in hypothalamic structural lesions (eg, hamartomas, gliomas), syndromic disorders associated with CPP (Temple, Prader-Willi, Silver-Russell, and Rett syndromes), and isolated CPP from monogenic defects (MKRN3 and DLK1 loss-of-function mutations). Genetic and epigenetic discoveries involving the etiology of CPP have had influence on the diagnosis and familial counseling providing bases for potential prevention of premature sexual development and new treatment targets in the future. Global preventive actions inducing healthy lifestyle habits and less exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals during the lifespan are desirable because they are potentially associated with CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius N Brito
- Discipline of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal
Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, University of Sao
Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246 903, Brazil
| | - Ana P M Canton
- Discipline of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal
Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, University of Sao
Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246 903, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Seraphim
- Discipline of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal
Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, University of Sao
Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246 903, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Abreu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Delanie B Macedo
- Discipline of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal
Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, University of Sao
Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246 903, Brazil
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Núcleo de Atenção Médica Integrada, Centro de Ciências da Saúde,
Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza 60811 905,
Brazil
| | - Berenice B Mendonca
- Discipline of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal
Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, University of Sao
Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246 903, Brazil
| | - Ursula B Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jesús Argente
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Department of Endocrinology and
Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spanish PUBERE Registry,
CIBER of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, IMDEA
Institute, Madrid 28009, Spain
| | - Ana Claudia Latronico
- Discipline of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal
Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, University of Sao
Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246 903, Brazil
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Argente J, Dunkel L, Kaiser UB, Latronico AC, Lomniczi A, Soriano-Guillén L, Tena-Sempere M. Molecular basis of normal and pathological puberty: from basic mechanisms to clinical implications. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2023; 11:203-216. [PMID: 36620967 PMCID: PMC10198266 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Puberty is a major maturational event; its mechanisms and timing are driven by genetic determinants, but also controlled by endogenous and environmental cues. Substantial progress towards elucidation of the neuroendocrine networks governing puberty has taken place. However, key aspects of the mechanisms responsible for the precise timing of puberty and its alterations have only recently begun to be deciphered, propelled by epidemiological data suggesting that pubertal timing is changing in humans, via mechanisms that are not yet understood. By integrating basic and clinical data, we provide a comprehensive overview of current advances on the physiological basis of puberty, with a particular focus on the roles of kisspeptins and other central transmitters, the underlying molecular and endocrine mechanisms, and the pathways involved in pubertal modulation by nutritional and metabolic cues. Additionally, we have summarised molecular features of precocious and delayed puberty in both sexes, as revealed by clinical and genetic studies. This Review is a synoptic up-to-date view of how puberty is controlled and of the pathogenesis of major pubertal alterations, from both a clinical and translational perspective. We also highlight unsolved challenges that will seemingly concentrate future research efforts in this active domain of endocrinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Argente
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, University Hospital Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; IMDEA Food Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Leo Dunkel
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Ursula B Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana C Latronico
- Developmental Endocrinology Unit, Laboratory of Hormones and Molecular Genetics, LIM42, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Lomniczi
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Leandro Soriano-Guillén
- Service of Pediatrics, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Bassols J, de Zegher F, Diaz M, Carreras-Badosa G, Garcia-Beltran C, Puerto-Carranza E, Oliver-Vila C, Casano P, Franco CA, Malpique R, López-Bermejo A, Ibáñez L. Effects of half-dose spiomet treatment in girls with early puberty and accelerated bone maturation: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled study protocol. Trials 2023; 24:56. [PMID: 36694227 PMCID: PMC9873221 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-07050-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A "mismatch" sequence of less prenatal weight gain and more postnatal weight gain may lead to ectopic lipid accumulation, and trigger the development of early adrenarche/pubarche and the activation of the gonadotropic axis resulting in early puberty and ending up in full-blown adolescent polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In the present study, we assess whether a low-dose combination of generics that collectively reduce ectopic fat through different pathways can slow down the accelerated maturation in "mismatch" girls with early puberty. METHODS Randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter, phase 2a, study in 64 girls [age, 8.0-9.3 years; birthweight (BW) for gestational age in lower tertile (-1.96< Z-score <-0.44), body mass index (BMI) in upper tertile (+0.44< Z-score < +1.96) and early progressive puberty (Tanner B2 at 7.7-9.0 years)]. Pharmacological intervention will be with a half-dose version of SPIOMET (mini-spiomet), a combination that reverts the PCOS phenotype in "mismatch" adolescents; mini-spiomet will contain spironolactone (25 mg/day, to raise brown adipose tissue activity), pioglitazone (3.75 mg/day, to raise adiponectin and insulin sensitivity), and metformin (425 mg/day, to raise AMPK activity and GDF15). Recruitment: 1 year; double-blind treatment: 1 year; open follow-up: 1 year; analyses and reporting: 1 year. INTERVENTIONS randomization (1:1) for placebo vs mini-spiomet. PRIMARY OUTCOME annualized bone age advancement (0-1 year) by BoneXpert; secondary outcomes: insulin, IGF-I, high-molecular-weight adiponectin (HMW-adip), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (usCRP), androgens, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), oestradiol, growth-and-differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-14 (CXCL14), safety parameters, and quantification of hepato-visceral fat. DISCUSSION The present study, if successful, may provide a first proof of the concept that the rapid maturation of girls with an upward mismatch between pre- and post-natal weight gain can be slowed down with a fixed low-dose combination of old and safe generics jointly targeting a reduction of ectopic fat without necessarily lowering body weight. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT 2021-006766-21. Registered on May 30, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Bassols
- Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Francis de Zegher
- Leuven Research & Development, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marta Diaz
- Endocrinology Department, Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Carreras-Badosa
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Cristina Garcia-Beltran
- Endocrinology Department, Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cora Oliver-Vila
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Paula Casano
- Endocrinology Department, Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Céline Alicia Franco
- Endocrinology Department, Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rita Malpique
- Endocrinology Department, Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain.
- Pediatrics, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, Girona, Spain.
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - Lourdes Ibáñez
- Endocrinology Department, Pediatric Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Decourt C, Evans MC, Inglis MA, Anderson GM. Central Irisin Signaling Is Required for Normal Timing of Puberty in Female Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 164:6887324. [PMID: 36503981 PMCID: PMC9791080 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Timing of puberty requires exquisite coordination of genes, hormones, and brain circuitry. An increasing level of body adiposity, signaled to the brain via the fat-derived hormone leptin, is recognized as a major factor controlling puberty onset. However, it is clear that leptin is not the only metabolic cue regulating puberty, and that developmental regulation of this process also involves tissues other than adipose, with muscle development potentially playing a role in the timing of puberty. The proteolytic processing of fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) releases a hormone, irisin. Irisin is primarily produced by muscle and is released into circulation, where levels increase dramatically as puberty approaches. We investigated the effects of a global deletion of the Fndc5 gene on pubertal timing. The absence of irisin induced a delay in puberty onset in female knockout mice compared with controls, without affecting body weight or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal density. We next treated pre-pubertal wild-type male and female mice with an irisin receptor antagonist, cilengitide, for 7 days and observed a delay in first estrus occurrence compared to vehicle-treated control mice. Male puberty timing was unaffected. Next, we deleted the irisin receptor (integrin subunit alpha V) in all forebrain neurons and found a delay in the occurrence of first estrus in knockout females compared to controls. Taken together, these data suggest irisin plays a role in the timing of puberty onset in female mice via a centrally mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Decourt
- Correspondence: Caroline Decourt, PhD, Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, School of Biomedical Sciences, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Maggie C Evans
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Megan A Inglis
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Greg M Anderson
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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Akram M, Handelsman DJ, Qayyum M, Kennerson M, Rauf S, Ahmed S, Ishtiaq O, Ismail M, Mansoor Q, Naseem AA, Rizvi SSR. Genetic analysis of failed male puberty using whole exome sequencing. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:1410-1421. [PMID: 36103668 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although at least 598 genes are involved in the development of the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis, mutations in only 75 genes have so far been shown to cause delayed puberty. METHODS Six male patients with failed puberty, manifested as absence of pubertal changes by 18 years of age, underwent whole exome sequencing of genomic DNA with subsequent bioinformatics analysis and confirmation of selected variants by Sanger sequencing. Genes having plausibly pathogenic non-synonymous variants were characterized as group A (previously reported to cause delayed puberty), group B (expressed in the HPT-axis but no mutations therein were reported to cause delayed puberty) or group C (not reported previously to be connected with HPT-axis). RESULTS We identified variants in genes involved in GnRH neuron differentiation (2 in group A, 1 in group C), GnRH neuron migration (2 each in groups A and C), development of GnRH neural connections with supra-hypothalamic and hypothalamic neurons (2 each in groups A and C), neuron homeostasis (1 in group C), molecules regulating GnRH neuron activity (2 each in groups B and C), receptors/proteins expressed on GnRH neurons (1 in group B), signaling molecules (3 in group C), GnRH synthesis (1 in group B), gonadotropins production and release (1 each in groups A, B, and C) and action of the steroid hormone (1 in group A). CONCLUSIONS Non-synonymous variants were identified in 16 genes of the HPT-axis, which comprised 4 in group A that contains genes previously reported to cause delayed puberty, 4 in group B that are expressed along HPT-axis but no mutations therein were reported previously to cause delayed puberty and 8 in group C that contains novel candidate genes, suggesting wider genetic causes of failed male puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maleeha Akram
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - David J Handelsman
- The ANZAC Research Institute (ARI), University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Mazhar Qayyum
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Marina Kennerson
- The ANZAC Research Institute (ARI), University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Sania Rauf
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.,Department of Biosciences, University of Wah, Quaid Avenue, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ahmed
- Department of Endocrinology, Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Osama Ishtiaq
- The Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Shifa International Hospitals Ltd, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ismail
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Qaisar Mansoor
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Afzaal Ahmed Naseem
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Shakeel Raza Rizvi
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Fanelli D, Beltramo M, Conte G, Cerretini B, Lomet D, Rota A, Aucagne V, Camillo F, Panzani D. The Kisspeptin analogue C6 induces ovulation in jennies. Theriogenology 2022; 189:107-112. [PMID: 35738032 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptins (KPs) are the most potent stimulating neurotransmitters of GnRH release, and consequently KP administration triggers LH and/or FSH release. In small ruminants, KP or its analogs induced an LH surge followed by ovulation in both cyclic and acyclic animals, while in the mare KP only increased LH plasma levels but failed to induce ovulation. This study in jennies compares the endocrinological effects, ovulatory and pregnancy rates of the KP analog C6 and the GnRH analog buserelin acetate. The ovarian activity of nine Amiata jennies was monitored daily by transrectal ultrasound for three complete estrous cycles. Jennies in estrus were assigned, to one of three treatment groups: 50 nmol of the KP analog C6 (injected twice, 24 h apart, C6 group); 0.4 mg buserelin acetate (injected once, Bu group); and 2 mL of saline (injected once, CTRL group). Blood samples were collected at Day-1 (-24 h) Day0 (h0, before treatment), h2, h4, h6, h8, h10, h24 (before second treatment with C6), h26, h28, h30, h32, h34, h48 and every 24 h until ovulation. Jennies were inseminated once at h24 with fresh extended semen from a donkey stallion. Pregnancy diagnoses were performed 14 days after ovulation. On days 5, 10, and 14 after ovulation, for every CL the cross-sectional area (CSA) and the vascularized area (VA) were recorded by color doppler ultrasound and measured. Significantly higher plasma LH levels were found after induction between the Bu and CTRL groups at h6 and h8 (P < 0.05), while tendentially higher differences were found between the Bu/C6 groups and CTRL at h10. Five/9, 4/9, and 2/9 jennies ovulated between 24 and 48 h after induction from the Bu, C6, and CTRL groups respectively, (P > 0.05). Correlations between corpora lutea CSA and VA with serum progesterone concentration were r = 0.31, P = 0.01, r = 0.38, P = 0.01, respectively. Pregnancy rates after artificial insemination did not differ among groups (CTRL: 6/9, 66.7%; C6: 7/9, 77.8%; Bu: 6/9, 66.7%; P > 0.05). Ovulation rates after C6 treatment were comparable to that of Bu, although not different from the CTRL. Pregnancy rates were comparable to the literature in terms of fresh extended donkey semen in every group. This study suggests that stimulation of the Kp system in jennies, in contrast to findings observed in mares, induces ovulation. Further studies using higher doses and/or more animals are needed to better characterize the efficacy of C6 in jennies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Fanelli
- Ospedale Didattico Veterinario "Mario Modenato", Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa. Via Livornese (Lato Monte), 1289, 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Beltramo
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PR China) UMR7247 CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Giuseppe Conte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cerretini
- Ospedale Didattico Veterinario "Mario Modenato", Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa. Via Livornese (Lato Monte), 1289, 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Didier Lomet
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PR China) UMR7247 CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Alessandra Rota
- Ospedale Didattico Veterinario "Mario Modenato", Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa. Via Livornese (Lato Monte), 1289, 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Vincent Aucagne
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS, Rue Charles Sadron CS 80054 45071 ORLEANS Cedex 2, Orleans, France
| | - Francesco Camillo
- Ospedale Didattico Veterinario "Mario Modenato", Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa. Via Livornese (Lato Monte), 1289, 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Duccio Panzani
- Ospedale Didattico Veterinario "Mario Modenato", Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa. Via Livornese (Lato Monte), 1289, 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, PI, Italy.
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Sánchez-Garrido MA, García-Galiano D, Tena-Sempere M. Early programming of reproductive health and fertility: novel neuroendocrine mechanisms and implications in reproductive medicine. Hum Reprod Update 2022; 28:346-375. [PMID: 35187579 PMCID: PMC9071071 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, environmental changes taking place during early maturational periods may alter normal development and predispose to the occurrence of diverse pathologies later in life. Indeed, adverse conditions during these critical developmental windows of high plasticity have been reported to alter the offspring developmental trajectory, causing permanent functional and structural perturbations that in the long term may enhance disease susceptibility. However, while solid evidence has documented that fluctuations in environmental factors, ranging from nutrient availability to chemicals, in early developmental stages (including the peri-conceptional period) have discernible programming effects that increase vulnerability to develop metabolic perturbations, the impact and eventual mechanisms involved, of such developmental alterations on the reproductive phenotype of offspring have received less attention. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review will summarize recent advances in basic and clinical research that support the concept of DOHaD in the context of the impact of nutritional and hormonal perturbations, occurring during the periconceptional, fetal and early postnatal stages, on different aspects of reproductive function in both sexes. Special emphasis will be given to the effects of early nutritional stress on the timing of puberty and adult gonadotropic function, and to address the underlying neuroendocrine pathways, with particular attention to involvement of the Kiss1 system in these reproductive perturbations. The implications of such phenomena in terms of reproductive medicine will also be considered. SEARCH METHODS A comprehensive MEDLINE search, using PubMed as main interface, of research articles and reviews, published mainly between 2006 and 2021, has been carried out. Search was implemented using multiple terms, focusing on clinical and preclinical data from DOHaD studies, addressing periconceptional, gestational and perinatal programming of reproduction. Selected studies addressing early programming of metabolic function have also been considered, when relevant. OUTCOMES A solid body of evidence, from clinical and preclinical studies, has documented the impact of nutritional and hormonal fluctuations during the periconceptional, prenatal and early postnatal periods on pubertal maturation, as well as adult gonadotropic function and fertility. Furthermore, exposure to environmental chemicals, such as bisphenol A, and maternal stress has been shown to negatively influence pubertal development and gonadotropic function in adulthood. The underlying neuroendocrine pathways and mechanisms involved have been also addressed, mainly by preclinical studies, which have identified an, as yet incomplete, array of molecular and neurohormonal effectors. These include, prominently, epigenetic regulatory mechanisms and the hypothalamic Kiss1 system, which likely contribute to the generation of reproductive alterations in conditions of early nutritional and/or metabolic stress. In addition to the Kiss1 system, other major hypothalamic regulators of GnRH neurosecretion, such as γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate, may be targets of developmental programming. WIDER IMPLICATIONS This review addresses an underdeveloped area of reproductive biology and medicine that may help to improve our understanding of human reproductive disorders and stresses the importance, and eventual pathogenic impact, of early determinants of puberty, adult reproductive function and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Sánchez-Garrido
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
| | - David García-Galiano
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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30
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Chen Y, Li M, Liao B, Zhong J, Lan D. Serum irisin levels increase in girls with central precocious puberty not dependent on BMI: a pilot study. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:e220028. [PMID: 35258485 PMCID: PMC9066598 DOI: 10.1530/ec-22-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate the role of serum irisin level in diagnosis of central precocious puberty (CPP) in girls and its major determinants. METHODS This study was conducted in 67 girls with CPP, 19 girls with premature thelarche (PT) and 59 normal controls. The major determinants of irisin were assessed by multivariate linear regression (MLR) analysis. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to minimize the bias that can result from BMI. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to obtain the optimal threshold value of irisin. RESULTS The girls with CPP and PT had higher irisin levels than controls (P < 0.05). The optimal cutoff value of irisin levels for predicting CPP was 91.88 ng/mL, with a sensitivity of 70.1% and a specificity of 72.9%. MLR analysis showed that BMI was a predictor of irisin (P < 0.05). Serum irisin levels remained higher in the CPP girls than the controls with adjustment for BMI (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Increased serum irisin levels with CPP suggest that irisin is involved in puberty. However, due to low sensitivity and specificity, irisin level can only be used as an auxiliary indicator rather than a single diagnostic indicator of CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Binrong Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jingzi Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Dan Lan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to D Lan:
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Sobrino V, Avendaño MS, Perdices-López C, Jimenez-Puyer M, Tena-Sempere M. Kisspeptins and the neuroendocrine control of reproduction: Recent progress and new frontiers in kisspeptin research. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 65:100977. [PMID: 34999056 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In late 2003, a major breakthrough in our understanding of the mechanisms that govern reproduction occurred with the identification of the reproductive roles of kisspeptins, encoded by the Kiss1 gene, and their receptor, Gpr54 (aka, Kiss1R). The discovery of this unsuspected reproductive facet attracted an extraordinary interest and boosted an intense research activity, in human and model species, that, in a relatively short period, established a series of basic concepts on the physiological roles of kisspeptins. Such fundamental knowledge, gathered in these early years of kisspeptin research, set the scene for the more recent in-depth dissection of the intimacies of the neuronal networks involving Kiss1 neurons, their precise mechanisms of regulation and the molecular underpinnings of the function of kisspeptins as pivotal regulators of all key aspects of reproductive function, from puberty onset to pulsatile gonadotropin secretion and the metabolic control of fertility. While no clear temporal boundaries between these two periods can be defined, in this review we will summarize the most prominent advances in kisspeptin research occurred in the last ten years, as a means to provide an up-dated view of the state of the art and potential paths of future progress in this dynamic, and ever growing domain of Neuroendocrinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Sobrino
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Maria Soledad Avendaño
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Cecilia Perdices-López
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Jimenez-Puyer
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.
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32
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Perdices-Lopez C, Avendaño MS, Barroso A, Gaytán F, Ruiz-Pino F, Vázquez MJ, Leon S, Song YB, Sobrino V, Heras V, Romero-Ruiz A, Roa J, Mayor F, Murga C, Pinilla L, Kaiser UB, Tena-Sempere M. Connecting nutritional deprivation and pubertal inhibition via GRK2-mediated repression of kisspeptin actions in GnRH neurons. Metabolism 2022; 129:155141. [PMID: 35074314 PMCID: PMC10283027 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perturbations in the timing of puberty, with potential adverse consequences in later health, are increasingly common. The underlying neurohormonal mechanisms are unfolded, but nutritional alterations are key contributors. Efforts to unveil the basis of normal puberty and its metabolic control have focused on mechanisms controlling expression of Kiss1, the gene encoding the puberty-activating neuropeptide, kisspeptin. However, other regulatory phenomena remain ill-defined. Here, we address the putative role of the G protein-coupled-receptor kinase-2, GRK2, in GnRH neurons, as modulator of pubertal timing via repression of the actions of kisspeptin, in normal maturation and conditions of nutritional deficiency. METHODS Hypothalamic RNA and protein expression analyses were conducted in maturing female rats. Pharmacological studies involved central administration of GRK2 inhibitor, βARK1-I, and assessment of gonadotropin responses to kisspeptin or phenotypic and hormonal markers of puberty, under normal nutrition or early subnutrition in female rats. In addition, a mouse line with selective ablation of GRK2 in GnRH neurons, aka G-GRKO, was generated, in which hormonal responses to kisspeptin and puberty onset were monitored, in normal conditions and after nutritional deprivation. RESULTS Hypothalamic GRK2 expression increased along postnatal maturation in female rats, especially in the preoptic area, where most GnRH neurons reside, but decreased during the juvenile-to-pubertal transition. Blockade of GRK2 activity enhanced Ca+2 responses to kisspeptin in vitro, while central inhibition of GRK2 in vivo augmented gonadotropin responses to kisspeptin and advanced puberty onset. Postnatal undernutrition increased hypothalamic GRK2 expression and delayed puberty onset, the latter being partially reversed by central GRK2 inhibition. Conditional ablation of GRK2 in GnRH neurons enhanced gonadotropin responses to kisspeptin, accelerated puberty onset, and increased LH pulse frequency, while partially prevented the negative impact of subnutrition on pubertal timing and LH pulsatility in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data disclose a novel pathway whereby GRK2 negatively regulates kisspeptin actions in GnRH neurons, as major regulatory mechanism for tuning pubertal timing in nutritionally-compromised conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Perdices-Lopez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María S Avendaño
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Alexia Barroso
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Gaytán
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Pino
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Maria J Vázquez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Silvia Leon
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Yong Bhum Song
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Veronica Sobrino
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Violeta Heras
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Romero-Ruiz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Roa
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Federico Mayor
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Murga
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonor Pinilla
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ursula B Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Chioma L, Bizzarri C, Verzani M, Fava D, Salerno M, Capalbo D, Guzzetti C, Penta L, Di Luigi L, di Iorgi N, Maghnie M, Loche S, Cappa M. Sedentary lifestyle and precocious puberty in girls during the COVID-19 pandemic: an Italian experience. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:e210650. [PMID: 35029543 PMCID: PMC8859940 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This retrospective study aimed to evaluate children observed for suspected precocious puberty in five Italian centers of Pediatric Endocrinology during the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (March-September 2020), compared to subjects observed in the same period of the previous year. DESIGN The study population (490 children) was divided according to the year of observation and final diagnosis: transient thelarche, non-progressive precocious puberty, central precocious puberty (CPP), or early puberty. RESULTS Between March and September 2020, 338 subjects were referred for suspected precocious puberty, compared to 152 subjects in the same period of 2019 (+122%). The increase was observed in girls (328 subjects in 2020 vs 140 in 2019, P < 0.05), especially during the second half of the period considered (92 girls from March to May vs 236 girls from June to September); while no difference was observed in boys (10 subjects in 2020 vs 12 in 2019). The percentage of girls with confirmed CPP was higher in 2020, compared to 2019 (135/328 girls (41%) vs 37/140 (26%), P < 0.01). Anthropometric and hormonal parameters in 2019 and 2020 CPP girls were not different; 2020 CPP girls showed more prolonged use of electronic devices and a more sedentary lifestyle both before and during the pandemic, compared to the rest of the 2020 population. CONCLUSIONS The present findings corroborate the recently reported association between the complex lifestyle changes related to the lockdown and a higher incidence of CPP in Italian girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chioma
- Endocrinology Unit, University Pediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Bizzarri
- Endocrinology Unit, University Pediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Correspondence should be addressed to C Bizzarri:
| | - Martina Verzani
- Endocrinology Unit, University Pediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Fava
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Mariacarolina Salerno
- Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Donatella Capalbo
- Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Mother and Child, University Hospital Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Guzzetti
- Paediatric Endocrine Unit, Paediatric Hospital Microcitemico ‘A. Cao’, AO Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Penta
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Luigi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome ‘Foro Italico’, Rome, Italy
| | - Natascia di Iorgi
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Mohamad Maghnie
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Sandro Loche
- Paediatric Endocrine Unit, Paediatric Hospital Microcitemico ‘A. Cao’, AO Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Cappa
- Endocrinology Unit, University Pediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Soriano-Guillén L, Tena-Sempere M, Seraphim CE, Latronico AC, Argente J. Precocious sexual maturation: Unravelling the mechanisms of pubertal onset through clinical observations. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e12979. [PMID: 33904190 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Puberty is a crucial biological process normally occurring at a specific time during the lifespan, during which sexual and somatic maturation are completed, and reproductive capacity is reached. Pubertal timing is not only determined by genetics, but also by endogenous and environmental cues, including nutritional and metabolic signals. During the last decade, we have learned much regarding the essential roles of kisspeptins and the neuropeptide pathways that converge on these neurones to modulate kisspeptin signalling, as well as neurokinin B and dynorphin, the co-transmitters of Kiss1 neurones in the arcuate nucleus, and the effects of melanocortins on puberty. Indeed, melanocortins are involved in transmitting the regulatory actions of metabolic cues on pubertal maturation. Intracellular metabolic sensors, such as the AMP-activated protein kinase and the fuel-sensing deacetylase SIRT1, have been shown to contribute to puberty. Further understanding of these signals and regulatory circuits will help uncover the intimacies of the central control of puberty, as well as how alterations in metabolic status, ranging from undernutrition to obesity, affect the pubertal process. Precocious puberty is rare and has a clear female predominance. Central precocious puberty (CPP) is diagnosed when premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis occurs. Its causes are heterogeneous, with alterations of the central nervous system being of special interest, and with environmental factors also playing a role in some cases. During the last decade, several mutations in different genes (including KISS1, KISS1R, MKRN3 and DLK1) that cause CPP have been discovered. Loss-of-function mutations in MKRN3 are the most common monogenic cause of CPP known to date. Here, we review and update what is known regarding the genotype-phenotype relationship in patients with CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Soriano-Guillén
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Carlos E Seraphim
- Laboratory of Hormones and Molecular Genetics, LIM42, Developmental Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Discipline Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Clinicas Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Latronico
- Laboratory of Hormones and Molecular Genetics, LIM42, Developmental Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Discipline Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Clinicas Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEIUAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Lu M, Feng R, Qin Y, Deng H, Lian B, Yin C, Xiao Y. Identifying Environmental Endocrine Disruptors Associated With the Age at Menarche by Integrating a Transcriptome-Wide Association Study With Chemical-Gene-Interaction Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:836527. [PMID: 35282430 PMCID: PMC8907571 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.836527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Menarche is the first occurrence of menstrual bleeding and one of the most important events of female puberty. Alarmingly, over the last several decades, the mean age at menarche (AAM) has decreased. Environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) are chemicals that may interfere with the endocrine system, resulting in adverse developmental, immunological, neurological, and reproductive effects in humans. Thus, the effects of EEDs on fertility and reproduction are growing concerns in modern societies. In this study, we aimed to determine the influence of genetic and environmental factors on AAM. We used data from an AAM genome-wide association study of 329,345 women to conduct a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) with FUSION software. As references, we determined the gene-expression levels in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries, uterus, and whole blood. We performed Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses using the significantly dysregulated genes identified by the TWAS. Using the STRING database, we also generated a protein-protein-interaction network to analyze common AAM-specific genes identified by the TWAS with different tissues. We performed chemical-related gene set enrichment analysis (CGSEA) and identified significant TWAS genes to uncover relationships between different chemicals and AAM. The TWAS identified 9,848 genes; among these, 1580 genes were significant (P < 0.05), and 11 genes were significant among the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary, uterus, and whole blood. CGSEA identified 1,634 chemicals, including 120 chemicals significantly correlated with AAM. In summary, we performed a TWAS (for genetic factors) and CGSEA (for environmental factors) focusing on AAM and identified several AAM-associated genes and EEDs. The results of this study expand our understanding of genetic and environmental factors related to the onset of female puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruoyang Feng
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujie Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongyang Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Biyao Lian
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunyan Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanfeng Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
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Hypothalamic kisspeptin and kisspeptin receptors: Species variation in reproduction and reproductive behaviours. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 64:100951. [PMID: 34757093 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kisspeptin, encoded by the KISS1 gene, was first discovered as a potential metastasis suppressor gene. The prepro-kisspeptin precursor is cleaved into shorter mature bioactive peptides of varying sizes that bind to the G protein-coupled receptor GPR54 (=KISS1R). Over the last two decades, multiple types of Kiss and KissR genes have been discovered in mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrate species, but they are remarkably absent in birds. Kiss neuronal populations are distributed mainly in the hypothalamus. The KissRs are widely distributed in the brain, including the hypothalamic and non-hypothalamic regions, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and habenula. The role of KISS1-KISS1R in humans and Kiss1-Kiss1R in rodents is associated with puberty, gonadal maturation, and the reproductive axis. However, recent gene deletion studies in zebrafish and medaka have provided controversial results, suggesting that the reproductive role of kiss is dispensable. This review highlights the evolutionary history, localisation, and significance of Kiss-KissR in reproduction and reproductive behaviours in mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrates.
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Li Y, Tao N, Chen M, Chu J, Huang X, Kong X. Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Central Precocious Puberty and Hormone Levels in Chinese Girls. Int J Endocrinol 2022; 2022:9450663. [PMID: 36046800 PMCID: PMC9420594 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9450663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Central precocious puberty (CPP) is associated with adverse health outcomes in females; however, CPP pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the association of 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in eight genes with CPP risk and hormone levels. A case-control study on 247 and 243 girls with and without CPP, respectively, was conducted at Kunming Children's Hospital, China, from September 2019 to August 2020. The genotype of the SNPs and their haplotypes were identified. Additionally, the effects of the polymorphisms on hormone levels were investigated. Three variants (rs10159082, rs7538038, and rs5780218) in KISS1 and two variants (rs7895833 and rs3758391) in SIRT1 were related to an increased CPP risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.524, 1.507, 1.409, 1.348, and 1.737; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.176-1.974, 1.152-1.970, 1.089-1.824, 1.023-1.777, and 1.242-2.430, respectively). Rs3740051in SIRT1 and rs1544410 in VDR reduced CPP risk (OR = 0.689, 0.464; 95% CI, 0.511-0.928, 0.232-0.925, respectively). Rs1544410, rs7975232, and rs731236 in VDR were negatively correlated with peak follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH; β = -2.181; P=0.045), basal FSH (β = -0.391; P=0.010), and insulin-like growth factor (β = -50.360; P=0.041) levels, respectively. KISS1, SIRT1, and VDR variants were associated with CPP susceptibility, and VDR SNPs influenced hormonal levels in Chinese females with CPP. In particular, VDR polymorphism rs1544410 was associated with both CPP risk and GnRH-stimulated peak FSH levels. Further functional research and large-scale genetic studies of these loci and genes are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Na Tao
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism of Children, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Minghui Chen
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiang Chu
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinwei Huang
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Xiangyang Kong
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
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Ye Q, Zeng X, Cai S, Qiao S, Zeng X. Mechanisms of lipid metabolism in uterine receptivity and embryo development. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:1015-1030. [PMID: 34625374 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic regulation plays important roles in embryo development and uterine receptivity during early pregnancy, ultimately influencing pregnancy efficiency in mammals. The important roles of lipid metabolism during early pregnancy have not been fully understood. Here, we described the regulatory roles of phospholipid, sphingolipid, and cholesterol metabolism on early embryo development, implantation, and uterine receptivity through production of cannabinoids, prostaglandins, lysophosphatidic acid, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and steroid hormones. Moreover, the impacts of lipids and fatty acids on embryo development potential and the related epigenetic modifications are also discussed. This review aims to elucidate the modulations of lipid metabolism on uterine receptivity and embryo development, contributing to novel strategies to establish dietary balanced lipids and fatty acids for reducing early embryo loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biofeed Additives, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiangzhou Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biofeed Additives, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biofeed Additives, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biofeed Additives, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biofeed Additives, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.
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39
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Barrero JA, Mockus I. Early menarche in visually impaired girls: evidence and hypothesis of light-dark cycle disruption and blindness effect on puberty onset. Chronobiol Int 2021; 39:409-420. [PMID: 34814789 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1998103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Puberty onset is tightly regulated by a broad spectrum of neuroendocrine signals and peripheral stimuli which coordinate the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis activation. Numerous studies suggest that light stimulation influences HPG axis function; however, the effect of blindness on puberty timing remains controversial. Given that menarche is a suitable marker for sexual development initiation, the evaluation of the age at which blind girls attain it allows to indirectly assess the effect of light-dark cycle disruption on pubertal development. The present investigation aimed to review the evidence regarding menarcheal age drift in visually impaired girls, as well as to discuss the findings based on the existing hypotheses of the physiological mechanisms linking the light-dark cycle and photic sensitivity loss to the onset of puberty. Eleven studies were retrieved from a literature search conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar databases. Eight studies concluded that light perception impairment is related to a moderately earlier age at menarche. Moreover, the evidence gathered in this review suggests a positive association between the degree of light perception loss and precocious menarcheal onset; yet, no conclusive outcomes were found regarding menarche advancement in acquired versus congenital blindness. We encourage further research aiming to elucidate the physiological mechanism underlying photosensitive regulation and blindness effect on the neuroendocrine pathways involved in human sexual maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Barrero
- Lipids and Diabetes Division, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Lipids and Diabetes Division, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ismena Mockus
- Lipids and Diabetes Division, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Lipids and Diabetes Division, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Vazquez MJ, Daza-Dueñas S, Tena-Sempere M. Emerging Roles of Epigenetics in the Control of Reproductive Function: Focus on Central Neuroendocrine Mechanisms. J Endocr Soc 2021; 5:bvab152. [PMID: 34703958 PMCID: PMC8533971 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproduction is an essential function for perpetuation of the species. As such, it is controlled by sophisticated regulatory mechanisms that allow a perfect match between environmental conditions and internal cues to ensure adequate pubertal maturation and achievement of reproductive capacity. Besides classical genetic regulatory events, mounting evidence has documented that different epigenetic mechanisms operate at different levels of the reproductive axis to finely tune the development and function of this complex neuroendocrine system along the lifespan. In this mini-review, we summarize recent evidence on the role of epigenetics in the control of reproduction, with special focus on the modulation of the central components of this axis. Particular attention will be paid to the epigenetic control of puberty and Kiss1 neurons because major developments have taken place in this domain recently. In addition, the putative role of central epigenetic mechanisms in mediating the influence of nutritional and environmental cues on reproductive function will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jesus Vazquez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Silvia Daza-Dueñas
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
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Goodwin SF, Hobert O. Molecular Mechanisms of Sexually Dimorphic Nervous System Patterning in Flies and Worms. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2021; 37:519-547. [PMID: 34613817 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120319-115237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Male and female brains display anatomical and functional differences. Such differences are observed in species across the animal kingdom, including humans, but have been particularly well-studied in two classic animal model systems, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Here we summarize recent advances in understanding how the worm and fly brain acquire sexually dimorphic features during development. We highlight the advantages of each system, illustrating how the precise anatomical delineation of sexual dimorphisms in worms has enabled recent analysis into how these dimorphisms become specified during development, and how focusing on sexually dimorphic neurons in the fly has enabled an increasingly detailed understanding of sex-specific behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F Goodwin
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, United Kingdom;
| | - Oliver Hobert
- Department of Biological Sciences and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
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Maione L, Bouvattier C, Kaiser UB. Central precocious puberty: Recent advances in understanding the aetiology and in the clinical approach. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2021; 95:542-555. [PMID: 33797780 PMCID: PMC8586890 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Central precocious puberty (CPP) results from early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. The current state of knowledge of the complex neural network acting at the level of the hypothalamus and the GnRH neuron to control puberty onset has expanded, particularly in the context of molecular interactions. Along with these advances, the knowledge of pubertal physiology and pathophysiology has also increased. This review focuses on regulatory abnormalities occurring at the hypothalamic level of the HPG axis to cause CPP. The clinical approach to diagnosis of puberty and pubertal disorders is also reviewed, with a particular focus on aetiologies of CPP. The recent identification of mutations in MKRN3 and DLK1 in familial as well sporadic forms of CPP has changed the state of the art of the approach to patients with CPP. Genetic advances have also had important repercussions beyond consideration of puberty alone. Syndromic disorders and central nervous system lesions associated with CPP are also discussed. If untreated, these conditions may lead to adverse physical, psychosocial and medical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Maione
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Claire Bouvattier
- Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Hypophyse, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Ursula B. Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Morin A, Poitras M, Plamondon H. Global cerebral ischemia in adolescent male Long Evans rats: Effects of vanillic acid supplementation on stress response, emotionality, and visuospatial memory. Behav Brain Res 2021; 412:113403. [PMID: 34090940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The developmental period is critical in delineating plastic response to internal and external events. However, neurobehavioural effects of global cerebral ischemia (GCI) in the maturing brain remain largely unknown. This study characterised the effects of GCI experienced at puberty on adulthood (1) hippocampus CA1 neuronal damage, (2) cognitive and emotional impairments, and (3) glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression. Effects of adolescent exposure to the phenol vanillic acid (VA) on post-ischemic outcomes were also determined. Male Long Evans rats (n = 35) were supplemented for 21 consecutive days (postnatal days 33-53) with VA (91 mg/kg) or nut paste vehicle (control) prior to a 10-min GCI or sham surgery. As adults, rats were tested in the Open Field Test (OFT), Elevated-Plus Maze (EPM), and Barnes Maze (BM). GR expression was determined in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), CA1, and paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and brain injury assessed via CA1 neuronal density. Adolescent GCI exposure induced extensive hippocampal CA1 injury, which was not prevented by VA supplementation. Behaviourally, GCI increased EPM exploration while having no impact on spatial memory. VA intake increased OFT peripheral exploration. Notably, while no delayed changes in CA1 and PVN GR immunoreactivity were noted, both treatments separately increased BLA GR expression when compared with sham-nut paste rats. Age at GCI occurrence plays a critical role on post-ischemic impairments. The observation of minimal functional impairments despite important CA1 neuronal damage supports use of compensatory mechanisms. Our findings also show daily VA supplementation during adolescence to have no protective effects on post-ischemic outcomes, contrasting adult intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Morin
- Behavioural Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Marilou Poitras
- Behavioural Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Hélène Plamondon
- Behavioural Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Pan X, Li Q, Chen D, Gong W, Li N, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Chen Y, Yuan X. Alternative Splicing Dynamics of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Ovary Axis During Pubertal Transition in Gilts. Front Genet 2021; 12:592669. [PMID: 33995469 PMCID: PMC8120244 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.592669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The timing of puberty in mammals marks the point at which reproduction becomes possible. Abnormalities in the timing of puberty may exert a series of negative effects on subsequent health outcomes. Alternative splicing (AS) has not only emerged as a significant factor in the transcription of genes but it is also reported to play a role in the timing of puberty. However, to date, the changes and dynamics of AS during the onset of puberty is extremely seldom explored. In the present study, we used gilts as a research model to investigated the dynamics of AS and differentially expressed AS (DEAS) events within the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary (HPO) axis across pre-, in-, and post-puberty. We detected 3,390, 6,098, and 9,085 DEAS events in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary when compared across pre-, in-, and post-pubertal stages, respectively. Within the entire HPO axis, we also identified 22,889, 22,857, and 21,055 DEAS events in the pre-, in-, and post-pubertal stages, respectively. Further analysis revealed that the differentially spliced genes (DSGs) associated with staged DEAS events were likely to be enriched in the oxytocin signaling pathway, thyroid hormone signaling pathway, GnRH signaling pathway, and oocyte meiosis signaling pathway. The DSGs associated with DEAS events across the entire HPO axis were enriched in endocytosis signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, and the Rap1 signaling pathway. Moreover. the ASs of TAC1, TACR3, CYP19A1, ESR1, ESRRA, and FSHR were likely to regulate the functions of the certain HPO tissues during the onset of puberty. Collectively, the AS dynamics and DEAS events were comprehensively profiled in hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary across the pre-, in-, and post-pubertal stages in pigs. These findings may enhance our knowledge of how puberty is regulated by AS and shed new light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the timing of puberty in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchun Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danxia Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nian Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
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Torres PJ, Luque EM, Di Giorgio NP, Ramírez ND, Ponzio MF, Cantarelli V, Carlini VP, Lux-Lantos V, Martini AC. Fetal Programming Effects of a Mild Food Restriction During Pregnancy in Mice: How Does It Compare to Intragestational Ghrelin Administration? Reprod Sci 2021; 28:3547-3561. [PMID: 33856666 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00574-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To explore in mice if a 15% food restriction protocol during pregnancy programs the offspring postnatal development, with emphasis on reproductive function, and to assess if ghrelin (Ghrl) administration to mouse dams exerts effects that mimic those obtained under mild caloric restriction. Mice were 15% food-restricted, injected with 4 nmol/animal/day of Ghrl, or injected with the vehicle (control) thorough pregnancy. After birth, the pups did not receive further treatment. Pups born from food-restricted dams (FR pups) were lighter than Ghrl pups at birth, but reached normal weight at adulthood. Ghrl pups were heavier at birth and gained more weight than control pups (C pups). This effect was not associated with plasma IGF-1. FR pups showed a delay in pinna detachment and eye opening, while an advance was observed in Ghrl pups. FR pups showed also impairment in the surface-righting reflex. In both female FR and Ghrl pups, there was an advance in vaginal opening and, in adulthood, FR pups showed a significant decrease in their own litter size and plasma progesterone, and an increase in embryo loss. A delay in testicular descent was evident in male Ghrl pups. Changes in puberty onset were not associated with differences in the expression of Kiss1 in hypothalamic nuclei. Finally, in adulthood, FR pups showed a significant decrease in sperm quality. In conclusion, a mild food restriction thorough gestation exerted programming effects on the offspring, affecting also their reproductive function in adulthood. These effects were not similar to those of intragestational Ghrl administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Javier Torres
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, e Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA; CONICET-UNC), Santa Rosa 1085, X5000ESU, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Mercedes Luque
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, e Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA; CONICET-UNC), Santa Rosa 1085, X5000ESU, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Noelia Paula Di Giorgio
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, (IBYME; CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires, C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Nicolás David Ramírez
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, e Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA; CONICET-UNC), Santa Rosa 1085, X5000ESU, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marina Flavia Ponzio
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, e Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA; CONICET-UNC), Santa Rosa 1085, X5000ESU, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Verónica Cantarelli
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, e Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA; CONICET-UNC), Santa Rosa 1085, X5000ESU, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Valeria Paola Carlini
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, e Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA; CONICET-UNC), Santa Rosa 1085, X5000ESU, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Victoria Lux-Lantos
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, (IBYME; CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires, C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Ana Carolina Martini
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, e Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA; CONICET-UNC), Santa Rosa 1085, X5000ESU, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Torres E, Velasco I, Franssen D, Heras V, Gaytan F, Leon S, Navarro VM, Pineda R, Candenas ML, Romero-Ruiz A, Tena-Sempere M. Congenital ablation of Tacr2 reveals overlapping and redundant roles of NK2R signaling in the control of reproductive axis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E496-E511. [PMID: 33427049 PMCID: PMC8828271 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00346.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tachykinin (TAC) signaling is an important element in the central control of reproduction. TAC family is mainly composed of substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and NKB, which bind preferentially to NK1, NK2, and NK3 receptors, respectively. While most studies have focused on the reproductive functions of NKB/NK3R, and to a lesser extent SP/NK1R, the relevance of NK2R, encoded by Tacr2, remains poorly characterized. Here, we address the physiological roles of NK2R in regulating the reproductive axis by characterizing a novel mouse line with congenital ablation of Tacr2. Activation of NK2R evoked acute luteinizing hormone (LH) responses in control mice, similar to those of agonists of NK1R and NK3R. Despite the absence of NK2R, Tacr2-/- mice displayed only partially reduced LH responses to an NK2R agonist, which, nonetheless, were abrogated after blockade of NK3R in Tacr2-/- males. While Tacr2-/- mice displayed normal pubertal timing, LH pulsatility was partially altered in Tacr2-/- females in adulthood, with suppression of basal LH levels, but no changes in the number of LH pulses. In addition, trends for increase in breeding intervals were detected in Tacr2-/- mice. However, null animals of both sexes were fertile, with no changes in estrous cyclicity or sex preference in social behavioral tests. In conclusion, stimulation of NK2R elicited LH responses in mice, while congenital ablation of Tacr2 partially suppressed basal and stimulated LH secretion, with moderate reproductive impact. Our data support a modest, albeit detectable, role of NK2R in the control of the gonadotropic axis, with partially overlapping and redundant functions with other tachykinin receptors.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have explored here the impact of congenital ablation of the gene (Tacr2) encoding the tachykinin receptor, NK2R, in terms of neuroendocrine control of the reproductive axis, using a novel Tacr2 KO mouse line. Our data support a modest, albeit detectable, role of NK2R in the control of the gonadotropic axis, with partially overlapping and redundant functions with other tachykinin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Encarnacion Torres
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Velasco
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Delphine Franssen
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Violeta Heras
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Gaytan
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Silvia Leon
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victor M Navarro
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rafael Pineda
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Luz Candenas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Romero-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Franssen D, Barroso A, Ruiz-Pino F, Vázquez MJ, García-Galiano D, Castellano JM, Onieva R, Ruiz-Cruz M, Poutanen M, Gaytán F, Diéguez C, Pinilla L, Lopez M, Roa J, Tena-Sempere M. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in GnRH neurons links energy status and reproduction. Metabolism 2021; 115:154460. [PMID: 33285180 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reproduction is tightly coupled to body energy and metabolic status. GnRH neurons, master elements and final output pathway for the brain control of reproduction, directly or indirectly receive and integrate multiple metabolic cues to regulate reproductive function. Yet, the molecular underpinnings of such phenomenon remain largely unfolded. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the fundamental cellular sensor that becomes activated in conditions of energy deficit, has been recently shown to participate in the control of Kiss1 neurons, essential gatekeepers of the reproductive axis, by driving an inhibitory valence in situations of energy scarcity at puberty. However, the contribution of AMPK signaling specifically in GnRH neurons to the metabolic control of reproduction remains unknown. METHODS Double immunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied to evaluate expression of active (phosphorylated) AMPK in GnRH neurons and a novel mouse line, named GAMKO, with conditional ablation of the AMPK α1 subunit in GnRH neurons, was generated. GAMKO mice of both sexes were subjected to reproductive characterization, with attention to puberty and gonadotropic responses to kisspeptin and metabolic stress. RESULTS A vast majority (>95%) of GnRH neurons co-expressed pAMPK. Female (but not male) GAMKO mice displayed earlier puberty onset and exaggerated LH (as surrogate marker of GnRH) responses to kisspeptin-10 at the prepubertal age. In adulthood, GAMKO females retained increased LH responsiveness to kisspeptin and showed partial resilience to the inhibitory effects of conditions of negative energy balance on the gonadotropic axis. The modulatory role of AMPK in GnRH neurons required preserved ovarian function, since the differences in LH pulsatility detected between GAMKO and control mice subjected to fasting were abolished in ovariectomized animals. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our data document a sex-biased, physiological role of AMPK signaling in GnRH neurons, as molecular conduit of the inhibitory actions of conditions of energy deficit on the female reproductive axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Franssen
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - A Barroso
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - F Ruiz-Pino
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M J Vázquez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - D García-Galiano
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - J M Castellano
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - R Onieva
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - M Ruiz-Cruz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - M Poutanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - F Gaytán
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - C Diéguez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L Pinilla
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Lopez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Roa
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - M Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Rosenfield RL, Cooke DW, Radovick S. Puberty in the Female and Its Disorders. SPERLING PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY 2021:528-626. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-62520-3.00016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2025]
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Naulé L, Maione L, Kaiser UB. Puberty, A Sensitive Window of Hypothalamic Development and Plasticity. Endocrinology 2021; 162:bqaa209. [PMID: 33175140 PMCID: PMC7733306 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Puberty is a developmental period characterized by a broad range of physiologic changes necessary for the acquisition of adult sexual and reproductive maturity. These changes mirror complex modifications within the central nervous system, including within the hypothalamus. These modifications result in the maturation of a fully active hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, the neuroendocrine cascade ensuring gonadal activation, sex steroid secretion, and gametogenesis. A complex and finely regulated neural network overseeing the HPG axis, particularly the pubertal reactivation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, has been progressively unveiled in the last 3 decades. This network includes kisspeptin, neurokinin B, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurons as well as glial cells. In addition to substantial modifications in the expression of key targets, several changes in neuronal morphology, neural connections, and synapse organization occur to establish mature and coordinated neurohormonal secretion, leading to puberty initiation. The aim of this review is to outline the current knowledge of the major changes that neurons secreting GnRH and their neuronal and glial partners undergo before and after puberty. Emerging mediators upstream of GnRH, uncovered in recent years, are also addressed herein. In addition, the effects of sex steroids, particularly estradiol, on changes in hypothalamic neurodevelopment and plasticity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Naulé
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luigi Maione
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Paris Saclay University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department Endocrinology and Reproductive Diseases, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ursula B Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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50
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Shearrer GE, Sadler JR, Papantoni A, Burger KS. Earlier onset of menstruation is related to increased body mass index in adulthood and altered functional correlations between visual, task control and somatosensory brain networks. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12891. [PMID: 32939874 PMCID: PMC8045982 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Later onset of puberty has been associated with lower body mass index (BMI) in adulthood independent of childhood BMI. However, how the relationship between time of onset of puberty and BMI in adulthood is associated with neurocognitive outcomes is largely unstudied. In the present study, women were sampled from the Human Connectome Project 1200 parcellation, timeseries and netmats1 release (PTN) release. Inclusion criteria were: four (15 minutes) resting state fMRI scans, current measured BMI, self-reported age at onset of menstruation (a proxy of age at onset of puberty) and no endocrine complications (eg, polycystic ovarian syndrome). The effect of age at onset of menstruation, measured BMI at scan date and the interaction of age at onset of menstruation by BMI on brain functional correlation was modelled using fslnets (https://fsl.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/fslwiki/FSLNets) controlling for race and age at scan. Corrected significance was set at a family-wise error probability (pFWE) < 0.05. A final sample of n = 510 (age 29.5 years ± 3.6, BMI at scan 25.9 ± 5.6 and age at onset of menstruation 12.7 ± 1.6 were included. Age at onset of menstruation was negatively associated with BMI at scan (r = - 0.19, P < 0.001). The interaction between age at onset of menstruation and BMI at scan was associated with stronger correlation between a somatosensory and visual network (t = 3.45, pFWE = 0.026) and a visual network and cingulo-opercular task control network (t = 4.74, pFWE = 0.0002). Post-hoc analyses of behavioural/cognitive measures showed no effect of the interaction between BMI and age at onset of menstruation on behavioural/cognitive measures. However, post-hoc analyses of heritability showed adult BMI and the correlation between the visual and somatosensory networks have high heritability. In sum, we report increased correlation between visual, taste-associated and self-control brain regions in women at high BMI with later age at onset of menstruation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Shearrer
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Institute, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer R Sadler
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Afroditi Papantoni
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kyle S Burger
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Institute, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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