1
|
Carneiro PH, Jimenez-Posada EV, Lopes E, Mohana-Borges R, Biering SB, Harris E. The ApoA1-mimetic peptide 4F blocks flavivirus NS1-triggered endothelial dysfunction and protects against lethal dengue virus challenge. Antiviral Res 2024; 231:106002. [PMID: 39260777 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Flavivirus infections result in a variety of outcomes, from clinically inapparent infections to severe, sometimes fatal cases characterized by hemorrhagic manifestations and vascular leakage leading to shock (dengue), meningomyeloencephalitis (West Nile), and congenital abnormalities (Zika). Although there are approved vaccines against several flaviviruses, potentially enhancing cross-reactive immune responses have complicated the development and implementation of vaccines against dengue and Zika viruses, and no specific therapeutics currently exist. The flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a promising antiviral target because it is a conserved multifunctional virulence factor that directly triggers vascular leak. We previously showed that interactions between NS1 and the ApoA1 lipoprotein modulate DENV infection. Here, we evaluated the potential of the ApoA1-mimetic peptide, 4F, to interfere with endothelial dysfunction mediated by the NS1 protein of dengue, Zika, and West Nile flaviviruses. In an in vitro model consisting of human endothelial cell monolayers, 4F inhibited NS1-induced hyperpermeability, as measured by a transendothelial electrical resistance assay, and prevented NS1-triggered disruption of the endothelial glycocalyx layer. We also demonstrate that treatment with 4F inhibited NS1 interaction with endothelial cells. Finally, we show that 4F protects against lethal DENV challenge in a mouse model, reducing morbidity and mortality in a dose-dependent manner. Our data demonstrate the potential of 4F to inhibit flavivirus NS1-mediated pathology and severe dengue disease in mice and suggest that 4F can also serve as a molecular tool to probe different NS1 functions in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Carneiro
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Bioengenharia Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E Vanessa Jimenez-Posada
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Eduarda Lopes
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ronaldo Mohana-Borges
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Bioengenharia Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Scott B Biering
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Henrio Marcellin DF, Huang J. Exploring Zika Virus Impact on Endothelial Permeability: Insights into Transcytosis Mechanisms and Vascular Leakage. Viruses 2024; 16:629. [PMID: 38675970 PMCID: PMC11054372 DOI: 10.3390/v16040629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Treating brain disease is challenging, and the Zika virus (ZIKV) presents a unique obstacle due to its neuroinvasive nature. In this review, we discuss the immunopathogenesis of ZIKV and explore how the virus interacts with the body's immune responses and the role of the protein Mfsd2a in maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during ZIKV neuroinvasion. ZIKV has emerged as a significant public health concern due to its association with severe neurological problems, including microcephaly and Gillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). Understanding its journey through the brain-particularly its interaction with the placenta and BBB-is crucial. The placenta, which is designed to protect the fetus, becomes a pathway for ZIKV when infected. The BBB is composed of brain endothelial cells, acts as a second barrier, and protects the fetal brain. However, ZIKV finds ways to disrupt these barriers, leading to potential damage. This study explores the mechanisms by which ZIKV enters the CNS and highlights the role of transcytosis, which allows the virus to move through the cells without significantly disrupting the BBB. Although the exact mechanisms of transcytosis are unclear, research suggests that ZIKV may utilize this pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jufang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mazar J, Brooks JK, Peloquin M, Rosario R, Sutton E, Longo M, Drehner D, Westmoreland TJ. The Oncolytic Activity of Zika Viral Therapy in Human Neuroblastoma In Vivo Models Confers a Major Survival Advantage in a CD24-dependent Manner. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:65-80. [PMID: 38214542 PMCID: PMC10775766 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial tumor, accounting for 15% of all childhood cancer-related deaths. The long-term survival of patients with high-risk tumors is less than 40%, and MYCN amplification is one of the most common indicators of poor outcomes. Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus associated with mild constitutional symptoms outside the fetal period. Our published data showed that high-risk and recurrent neuroblastoma cells are permissive to ZIKV infection, resulting in cell type-specific lysis. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of ZIKV as an oncolytic treatment for high-risk neuroblastoma using in vivo tumor models. Utilizing both MYCN-amplified and non-amplified models, we demonstrated that the application of ZIKV had a rapid tumoricidal effect. This led to a nearly total loss of the tumor mass without evidence of recurrence, offering a robust survival advantage to the host. Detection of the viral NS1 protein within the tumors confirmed that a permissive infection preceded tissue necrosis. Despite robust titers within the tumor, viral shedding to the host was poor and diminished rapidly, correlating with no detectable side effects to the murine host. Assessments from both primary pretreatment and recurrent posttreatment isolates confirmed that permissive sensitivity to ZIKV killing was dependent on the expression of CD24, which was highly expressed in neuroblastomas and conferred a proliferative advantage to tumor growth. Exploiting this viral sensitivity to CD24 offers the possibility of its use as a prognostic target for a broad population of expressing cancers, many of which have shown resistance to current clinical therapies. SIGNIFICANCE Sensitivity to the tumoricidal effect of ZIKV on high-risk neuroblastoma tumors is dependent on CD24 expression, offering a prognostic marker for this oncolytic therapy in an extensive array of CD24-expressing cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Mazar
- Nemours Children's Hospital, Nemours Parkway, Orlando, Florida
- Burnett School of Biological Sciences, The University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
| | | | | | - Rosa Rosario
- Nemours Children's Hospital, Nemours Parkway, Orlando, Florida
| | - Emma Sutton
- Nemours Children's Hospital, Nemours Parkway, Orlando, Florida
| | - Matthew Longo
- Nemours Children's Hospital, Nemours Parkway, Orlando, Florida
- Burnett School of Biological Sciences, The University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
| | - Dennis Drehner
- Nemours Children's Hospital, Nemours Parkway, Orlando, Florida
| | - Tamarah J. Westmoreland
- Nemours Children's Hospital, Nemours Parkway, Orlando, Florida
- Burnett School of Biological Sciences, The University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mysorekar I, Michita R, Tran L, Bark S, Kumar D, Toner S, Jose J, Narayanan A. Zika Virus NS1 Drives Tunneling Nanotube Formation for Mitochondrial Transfer, Enhanced Survival, Interferon Evasion, and Stealth Transmission in Trophoblasts. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3674059. [PMID: 38106210 PMCID: PMC10723532 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3674059/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection continues to pose a significant public health concern due to limited available preventive measures and treatments. ZIKV is unique among flaviviruses in its vertical transmission capacity (i.e., transmission from mother to fetus) yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that both African and Asian lineages of ZIKV induce tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) in placental trophoblasts and multiple other mammalian cell types. Amongst investigated flaviviruses, only ZIKV strains trigger TNTs. We show that ZIKV-induced TNTs facilitate transfer of viral particles, proteins, and RNA to neighboring uninfected cells. ZIKV TNT formation is driven exclusively via its non-structural protein 1 (NS1); specifically, the N-terminal region (50 aa) of membrane-bound NS1 is necessary and sufficient for triggering TNT formation in host cells. Using affinity purification-mass spectrometry of cells infected with wild-type NS1 or non-TNT forming NS1 (pNS1ΔTNT) proteins, we found mitochondrial proteins are dominant NS1-interacting partners, consistent with the elevated mitochondrial mass we observed in infected trophoblasts. We demonstrate that mitochondria are siphoned via TNTs from healthy to ZIKV-infected cells, both homotypically and heterotypically, and inhibition of mitochondrial respiration reduced viral replication in trophoblast cells. Finally, ZIKV strains lacking TNT capabilities due to mutant NS1 elicited a robust antiviral IFN-λ 1/2/3 response, indicating ZIKV's TNT-mediated trafficking also allows ZIKV cell-cell transmission that is camouflaged from host defenses. Together, our findings identify a new stealth mechanism that ZIKV employs for intercellular spread among placental trophoblasts, evasion of antiviral interferon response, and the hijacking of mitochondria to augment its propagation and survival. Discerning the mechanisms of ZIKV intercellular strategies offers a basis for novel therapeutic developments targeting these interactions to limit its dissemination.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zeng Q, Liu J, Hao C, Zhang B, Zhang H. Making sense of flavivirus non-strctural protein 1 in innate immune evasion and inducing tissue-specific damage. Virus Res 2023; 336:199222. [PMID: 37716670 PMCID: PMC10518729 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Flaviviruses include medically important mosquito-borne pathogens, such as Zika virus (ZIKV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), dengue virus (DENV) and West Nile virus (WNV), that cause hundreds of millions of infections each year. Currently, there are no approved effect therapies against mosquito-borne flaviviruses. The flaviviruses encoded nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a secreted glycoprotein widely involved in viral replication, immune evasion, and directly causing tissue-specific damage during flaviviruses infection. Upon viral infection of host cell, NS1 can be found in multiple oligomeric forms and include a dimer on the cell surface, and a soluble secreted hexameric lipoparticle. In the recent decade, the detailed crystal structure of several flaviviruses NS1 have been determined and unraveled its broader and deeper functions. Consistent with the potential immune function revealed by its structure, NS1 is involved in the escaping of host signal immune pathway mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including RIG-I-like receptors (RLRS) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Moreover, the flavivirus NS1 is efficiently secreted by infected cells and circulates in the blood of the host to directly induce specific tissues damage. The NS1 of ZIKV, JEV and WNV changes the permeability of brain microvascular endothelial cell to cause endothelial cell dysfunction and promote virus pathogenesis. DENV NS1 can induce systemic tissues damage in humans through multiple strategies. Mutations of several key amino acids in NS1 can reduce the neurovirulence of the flavivirus. In this article, we provide an overview of the latest research on this fascinating protein in these disparate areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Chenlin Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Honglei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
de Sousa FTG, Warnes CM, Manuli ER, Ng A, D’Elia Zanella LGFAB, Ho YL, Bhat S, Romano CM, Beatty PR, Biering SB, Kallas EG, Sabino EC, Harris E. Yellow fever disease severity and endothelial dysfunction are associated with elevated serum levels of viral NS1 protein and syndecan-1. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.06.29.23292053. [PMID: 37425955 PMCID: PMC10327263 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.29.23292053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) infections can cause severe disease manifestations, including hepatic injury, endothelial damage, coagulopathy, hemorrhage, systemic organ failure, and shock, and are associated with high mortality in humans. While nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of the related dengue virus is implicated in contributing to vascular leak, little is known about the role of YFV NS1 in severe YF and mechanisms of vascular dysfunction in YFV infections. Here, using serum samples from qRT-PCR-confirmed YF patients with severe (n=39) or non-severe (n=18) disease in a well-defined hospital cohort in Brazil, plus samples from healthy uninfected controls (n=11), we investigated factors associated with disease severity. We developed a quantitative YFV NS1 capture ELISA and found significantly increased levels of NS1, as well as syndecan-1, a marker of vascular leak, in serum from severe YF as compared to non-severe YF or control groups. We also showed that hyperpermeability of endothelial cell monolayers treated with serum from severe YF patients was significantly higher compared to non-severe YF and control groups as measured by transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). Further, we demonstrated that YFV NS1 induces shedding of syndecan-1 from the surface of human endothelial cells. Notably, YFV NS1 serum levels significantly correlated with syndecan-1 serum levels and TEER values. Syndecan-1 levels also significantly correlated with clinical laboratory parameters of disease severity, viral load, hospitalization, and death. In summary, this study points to a role for secreted NS1 in YF disease severity and provides evidence for endothelial dysfunction as a mechanism of YF pathogenesis in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francielle T. G. de Sousa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05403000, Brazil
| | - Colin M. Warnes
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Erika R. Manuli
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05403000, Brazil
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo-SP, 05403000, Brazil
| | - Arash Ng
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Luiz G. F. A. B. D’Elia Zanella
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo-SP, 05403000, Brazil
- Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas, São Paulo-SP, 01246-900, Brazil
| | - Yeh-Li Ho
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo-SP, 05403000, Brazil
| | - Samhita Bhat
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Camila M. Romano
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05403000, Brazil
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo-SP, 05403000, Brazil
| | - P. Robert Beatty
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Scott B. Biering
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Esper G. Kallas
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo-SP, 05403000, Brazil
| | - Ester C. Sabino
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05403000, Brazil
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo-SP, 05403000, Brazil
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sootichote R, Puangmanee W, Benjathummarak S, Kowaboot S, Yamanaka A, Boonnak K, Ampawong S, Chatchen S, Ramasoota P, Pitaksajjakul P. Potential Protective Effect of Dengue NS1 Human Monoclonal Antibodies against Dengue and Zika Virus Infections. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010227. [PMID: 36672734 PMCID: PMC9855337 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the lack of an effective therapeutic treatment to flavivirus, dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) has been considered to develop a vaccine owing to its lack of a role in antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). However, both NS1 and its antibody have shown cross-reactivity to host molecules and have stimulated anti-DENV NS1 antibody-mediated endothelial damage and platelet dysfunction. To overcome the pathogenic events and reactogenicity, human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) against DENV NS1 were generated from DENV-infected patients. Herein, the four DENV NS1-specific HuMAbs revealed the therapeutic effects in viral neutralization, reduction of viral replication, and enhancement of cell cytolysis of DENV and zika virus (ZIKV) via complement pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrate that DENV and ZIKV NS1 trigger endothelial dysfunction, leading to vascular permeability in vitro. Nevertheless, the pathogenic effects from NS1 were impeded by 2 HuMAbs (D25-4D4C3 and D25-2B11E7) and also protected the massive cytokines stimulation (interleukin [IL-]-1b, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-9, IL-13, IL-17, eotaxin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, Inducible protein-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-1 α, MIP-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, platelet-derived growth factor, and RANTES). Collectively, our findings suggest that the novel protective NS1 monoclonal antibodies generated from humans has multiple therapeutic benefits against DENV and ZIKV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rochanawan Sootichote
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wilarat Puangmanee
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Surachet Benjathummarak
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Research, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Kowaboot
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Pathumthani 12000, Thailand
| | - Atsushi Yamanaka
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Korbporn Boonnak
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Supawat Chatchen
- Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pongrama Ramasoota
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Research, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pannamthip Pitaksajjakul
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Research, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-023069186 or +66-0899858305
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Molecular Determinants of Tissue Specificity of Flavivirus Nonstructural Protein 1 Interaction with Endothelial Cells. J Virol 2022; 96:e0066122. [PMID: 36106873 PMCID: PMC9555157 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00661-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the mosquito-borne flavivirus genus such as dengue (DENV), West Nile (WNV), and Zika (ZIKV) viruses cause distinct diseases and affect different tissues. We previously found that the secreted flaviviral nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) interacts with endothelial cells and disrupts endothelial barrier function in a tissue-specific manner consistent with the disease tropism of the respective viruses. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of this tissue-specific NS1-endothelial cell interaction is not well understood. To elucidate the distinct role(s) that the wing and β-ladder domains of NS1 play in NS1 interactions with endothelial cells, we constructed flavivirus NS1 chimeras that exchanged the wing and β-ladder domains in a pairwise manner between DENV, WNV, and ZIKV NS1. We found that both the NS1 wing and β-ladder domains conferred NS1 tissue-specific endothelial dysfunction, with the wing conferring cell binding and the β-ladder involved in inducing endothelial hyperpermeability as measured by transendothelial electrical resistance. To narrow down the amino acids dictating cell binding specificity, we utilized the DENV-WNV NS1 chimera and identified residues 91 to 93 (GDI) of DENV NS1 as a molecular motif determining binding specificity. Further, using an in vivo mouse model of localized leak, we found that the GDI motif of the wing domain was essential for triggering DENV NS1-induced vascular leak in mouse dermis. Taken together, we identify molecular determinants of flavivirus NS1 that confer NS1 binding and vascular leak and highlight the importance of the NS1 wing domain for flavivirus pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE Flavivirus NS1 is secreted into the bloodstream from infected cells during a viral infection. Dengue virus NS1 contributes to severe dengue pathology such as endothelial dysfunction and vascular leak independently of the virus. We have shown that multiple flavivirus NS1 proteins result in endothelial dysfunction in a tissue-specific manner consistent with their respective viral tropism. Here, we aimed to identify the molecular determinants that make some, but not other, flavivirus NS1 proteins bind to select endothelial cells in vitro and cause vascular leak in a mouse model. We identified the wing domain of NS1 as a primary determinant conferring differential endothelial dysfunction and vascular leak and narrowed the contributing amino acid residues to a three-residue motif within the wing domain. The insights from this study pave the way for future studies on the effects of flavivirus NS1 on viral dissemination and pathogenesis and offer potential new avenues for antiviral therapies.
Collapse
|
9
|
Sousa FTGD, Biering SB, Patel TS, Blanc SF, Camelini CM, Venzke D, Nunes RJ, Romano CM, Beatty PR, Sabino EC, Harris E. Sulfated β-glucan from Agaricus subrufescens inhibits flavivirus infection and nonstructural protein 1-mediated pathogenesis. Antiviral Res 2022; 203:105330. [PMID: 35533778 PMCID: PMC10416543 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite substantial morbidity and mortality, no therapeutic agents exist for treatment of dengue or Zika, and the currently available dengue vaccine is only recommended for dengue virus (DENV)-immune individuals. Thus, development of therapeutic and/or preventive drugs is urgently needed. DENV and Zika virus (ZIKV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) can directly trigger endothelial barrier dysfunction and induce inflammatory responses, contributing to vascular leak in vivo. Here we evaluated the efficacy of the (1-6,1-3)-β-D-glucan isolated from Agaricus subrufescens fruiting bodies (FR) and its sulfated derivative (FR-S) against DENV-2 and ZIKV infection and NS1-mediated pathogenesis. FR-S, but not FR, significantly inhibited DENV-2 and ZIKV replication in human monocytic cells (EC50 = 36.5 and 188.7 μg/mL, respectively) when added simultaneously with viral infection. No inhibitory effect was observed when FR or FR-S were added post-infection, suggesting inhibition of viral entry as a mechanism of action. In an in vitro model of endothelial permeability using human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs), FR and FR-S (0.12 μg/mL) inhibited DENV-2 NS1- and ZIKV NS1-induced hyperpermeability by 50% and 100%, respectively, as measured by Trans-Endothelial Electrical Resistance. Treatment with 0.25 μg/mL of FR and FR-S inhibited DENV-2 NS1 binding to HPMECs. Further, FR-S significantly reduced intradermal hyperpermeability induced by DENV-2 NS1 in C57BL/6 mice and protected against DENV-induced morbidity and mortality in a murine model of dengue vascular leak syndrome. Thus, we demonstrate efficacy of FR-S against DENV and ZIKV infection and NS1-induced endothelial permeability in vitro and in vivo. These findings encourage further exploration of FR-S and other glycan candidates for flavivirus treatment alone or in combination with compounds with different mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francielle Tramontini Gomes de Sousa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3370, USA; Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05403000, Brazil
| | - Scott B Biering
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3370, USA
| | - Trishna S Patel
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3370, USA
| | - Sophie F Blanc
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3370, USA
| | - Carla M Camelini
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88.040-900, Brazil
| | - Dalila Venzke
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88.040-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo J Nunes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88.040-900, Brazil
| | - Camila M Romano
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05403000, Brazil; Laboratório de Virologia (LIMHC 52), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - P Robert Beatty
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3370, USA
| | - Ester C Sabino
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05403000, Brazil
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3370, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Puerta-Guardo H, Biering SB, de Sousa FTG, Shu J, Glasner DR, Li J, Blanc SF, Beatty PR, Harris E. Flavivirus NS1 Triggers Tissue-Specific Disassembly of Intercellular Junctions Leading to Barrier Dysfunction and Vascular Leak in a GSK-3β-Dependent Manner. Pathogens 2022; 11:615. [PMID: 35745469 PMCID: PMC9228372 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is secreted from infected cells and contributes to endothelial barrier dysfunction and vascular leak in a tissue-dependent manner. This phenomenon occurs in part via disruption of the endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL) lining the endothelium. Additionally, we and others have shown that soluble DENV NS1 induces disassembly of intercellular junctions (IJCs), a group of cellular proteins critical for maintaining endothelial homeostasis and regulating vascular permeability; however, the specific mechanisms by which NS1 mediates IJC disruption remain unclear. Here, we investigated the relative contribution of five flavivirus NS1 proteins, from dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), West Nile (WNV), Japanese encephalitis (JEV), and yellow fever (YFV) viruses, to the expression and localization of the intercellular junction proteins β-catenin and VE-cadherin in endothelial cells from human umbilical vein and brain tissues. We found that flavivirus NS1 induced the mislocalization of β-catenin and VE-cadherin in a tissue-dependent manner, reflecting flavivirus disease tropism. Mechanistically, we observed that NS1 treatment of cells triggered internalization of VE-cadherin, likely via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and phosphorylation of β-catenin, part of a canonical IJC remodeling pathway during breakdown of endothelial barriers that activates glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Supporting this model, we found that a chemical inhibitor of GSK-3β reduced both NS1-induced permeability of human umbilical vein and brain microvascular endothelial cell monolayers in vitro and vascular leakage in a mouse dorsal intradermal model. These findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating NS1-mediated endothelial dysfunction and identify GSK-3β as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of vascular leakage during severe dengue disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Puerta-Guardo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA; (S.B.B.); (F.T.G.d.S.); (J.S.); (D.R.G.); (J.L.); (S.F.B.); (P.R.B.)
- Laboratorio de Virologia, CIR-Biomedicas y Unidad Colaborativa de Bioensayos Entomologicos (UCBE), Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida 97000, Mexico
| | - Scott B. Biering
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA; (S.B.B.); (F.T.G.d.S.); (J.S.); (D.R.G.); (J.L.); (S.F.B.); (P.R.B.)
| | - Francielle Tramontini Gomes de Sousa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA; (S.B.B.); (F.T.G.d.S.); (J.S.); (D.R.G.); (J.L.); (S.F.B.); (P.R.B.)
| | - Jeffrey Shu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA; (S.B.B.); (F.T.G.d.S.); (J.S.); (D.R.G.); (J.L.); (S.F.B.); (P.R.B.)
| | - Dustin R. Glasner
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA; (S.B.B.); (F.T.G.d.S.); (J.S.); (D.R.G.); (J.L.); (S.F.B.); (P.R.B.)
| | - Jeffrey Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA; (S.B.B.); (F.T.G.d.S.); (J.S.); (D.R.G.); (J.L.); (S.F.B.); (P.R.B.)
| | - Sophie F. Blanc
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA; (S.B.B.); (F.T.G.d.S.); (J.S.); (D.R.G.); (J.L.); (S.F.B.); (P.R.B.)
| | - P. Robert Beatty
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA; (S.B.B.); (F.T.G.d.S.); (J.S.); (D.R.G.); (J.L.); (S.F.B.); (P.R.B.)
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA; (S.B.B.); (F.T.G.d.S.); (J.S.); (D.R.G.); (J.L.); (S.F.B.); (P.R.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Villalobos-Sánchez E, Burciaga-Flores M, Zapata-Cuellar L, Camacho-Villegas TA, Elizondo-Quiroga DE. Possible Routes for Zika Virus Vertical Transmission in Human Placenta: A Comprehensive Review. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:392-403. [PMID: 35506896 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infections have gained notoriety due to congenital abnormalities. Pregnant women have a greater risk of ZIKV infection and consequent transmission to their progeny due to the immunological changes associated with pregnancy. ZIKV has been detected in amniotic fluid, as well as in fetal and neonatal tissues of infected pregnant women. However, the mechanism by which ZIKV reaches the fetus is not well understood. The four dengue virus serotypes have been the most widely used flaviviruses to elucidate the host-cell entry pathways. Nevertheless, it is of increasing interest to understand the specific interaction between ZIKV and the host cell, especially in the gestation period. Herein, the authors describe the mechanisms of prenatal vertical infection of ZIKV based on results from in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo studies, including murine models and nonhuman primates. It also includes up-to-date knowledge from ex vivo and natural infections in pregnant women explaining the vertical transmission along four tracks: transplacental, paracellular, transcytosis mediated by extracellular vesicles, and paraplacental route and the antibody-dependent enhancement process. A global understanding of the diverse pathways used by ZIKV to cross the placental barrier and access the fetus, along with a better comprehension of the pathogenesis of ZIKV in pregnant females, may constitute a fundamental role in the design of antiviral drugs to reduce congenital disabilities associated with ZIKV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erendira Villalobos-Sánchez
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, México
| | - Mirna Burciaga-Flores
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, México
| | - Lorena Zapata-Cuellar
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, México
| | - Tanya A Camacho-Villegas
- CONACYT-Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, México
| | - Darwin E Elizondo-Quiroga
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, México
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tien SM, Chang PC, Lai YC, Chuang YC, Tseng CK, Kao YS, Huang HJ, Hsiao YP, Liu YL, Lin HH, Chu CC, Cheng MH, Ho TS, Chang CP, Ko SF, Shen CP, Anderson R, Lin YS, Wan SW, Yeh TM. Therapeutic efficacy of humanized monoclonal antibodies targeting dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 in the mouse model. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010469. [PMID: 35486576 PMCID: PMC9053773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) which infects about 390 million people per year in tropical and subtropical areas manifests various disease symptoms, ranging from fever to life-threatening hemorrhage and even shock. To date, there is still no effective treatment for DENV disease, but only supportive care. DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) has been shown to play a key role in disease pathogenesis. Recent studies have shown that anti-DENV NS1 antibody can provide disease protection by blocking the DENV-induced disruption of endothelial integrity. We previously demonstrated that anti-NS1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) protected mice from all four serotypes of DENV challenge. Here, we generated humanized anti-NS1 mAbs and transferred them to mice after DENV infection. The results showed that DENV-induced prolonged bleeding time and skin hemorrhage were reduced, even several days after DENV challenge. Mechanistic studies showed the ability of humanized anti-NS1 mAbs to inhibit NS1-induced vascular hyperpermeability and to elicit Fcγ-dependent complement-mediated cytolysis as well as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of cells infected with four serotypes of DENV. These results highlight humanized anti-NS1 mAb as a potential therapeutic agent in DENV infection. DENV comprising four serotypes has a complicated pathogenesis and remains an unresolved global health problem. To date, supportive therapy is the mainstay for treatment of dengue patients. Despite a licensed Sanofi vaccine and ongoing clinical trials, more effective vaccines and/or licensed therapeutic drugs are required. Therapeutic mAbs are a potential tool to treat many epidemic diseases because of their high target specificity. Humanized anti-NS1 mAbs can recognize the NS1 from all four serotypes of DENV without danger of inducing ADE. In the DENV infection mouse model, we demonstrate that humanized NS1 mAbs have therapeutic benefits such as reducing DENV-induced prolonged bleeding time and skin hemorrhage. In vitro mechanistic studies showed a reduction of NS1-induced vascular permeability and an increase in cytolysis of DENV-infected cells. Our results showed that humanized anti-NS1 mAbs show strong potential for development toward clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Mao Tien
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Leadgene Biomedical, Inc. Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chung Lai
- Leadgene Biomedical, Inc. Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chun Chuang
- Leadgene Biomedical, Inc. Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-San Kao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jyun Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Peng Hsiao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Han Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- SIDSCO Biomedical Co., Ltd. Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chou Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Huei Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shiann Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Peng Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Ko
- Development Center for Biotechnology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Piao Shen
- Development Center for Biotechnology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Robert Anderson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YSL); (SWW); (TMY)
| | - Shu-Wen Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YSL); (SWW); (TMY)
| | - Trai-Ming Yeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YSL); (SWW); (TMY)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fakonti G, Pantazi P, Bokun V, Holder B. Placental Macrophage (Hofbauer Cell) Responses to Infection During Pregnancy: A Systematic Scoping Review. Front Immunol 2022; 12:756035. [PMID: 35250964 PMCID: PMC8895398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.756035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital infection of the fetus via trans-placental passage of pathogens can result in severe morbidity and mortality. Even without transmission to the fetus, infection of the placenta itself is associated with pregnancy complications including pregnancy loss and preterm birth. Placental macrophages, also termed Hofbauer cells (HBCs), are fetal-origin macrophages residing in the placenta that are likely involved in responding to placental infection and protection of the developing fetus. As HBCs are the only immune cell present in the villous placenta, they represent one of the final opportunities for control of infection and prevention of passage to the developing fetus. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The objective of this review was to provide a systematic overview of the literature regarding HBC responses during infection in pregnancy, including responses to viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens. METHODS PubMed and Scopus were searched on May 20th, 2021, with no limit on publication date, to identify all papers that have studied placental macrophages/Hofbauer cells in the context of infection. The following search strategy was utilized: (hofbauer* OR "hofbauer cells" OR "hofbauer cell" OR "placental macrophage" OR "placental macrophages") AND [infect* OR virus OR viral OR bacteri* OR parasite* OR pathogen* OR LPS OR "poly(i:c)" OR toxoplasm* OR microb* OR HIV)]. OUTCOMES 86 studies were identified for review. This included those that investigated HBCs in placentas from pregnancies complicated by maternal infection and in vitro studies investigating HBC responses to pathogens or Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs). HBCs can be infected by a variety of pathogens, and HBC hyperplasia was a common observation. HBCs respond to pathogen infection and PAMPs by altering their transcriptional, translational and secretion profiles. Co-culture investigations demonstrate that they can replicate and transmit pathogens to other cells. In other cases, they may eliminate the pathogen through a variety of mechanisms including phagocytosis, cytokine-mediated pathogen elimination, release of macrophage extracellular traps and HBC-antibody-mediated neutralization. HBC responses differ across gestation and may be influenced by pre-existing immunity. Clinical information, including gestational age at infection, gestational age of the samples, mode of sample collection and pregnancy outcome were missing for the majority of studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Beth Holder
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yong HEJ, Chan SY, Chakraborty A, Rajaraman G, Ricardo S, Benharouga M, Alfaidy N, Staud F, Murthi P. Significance of the placental barrier in antenatal viral infections. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166244. [PMID: 34411716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The placenta provides a significant physical and physiological barrier to prevent fetal infection during pregnancy. Nevertheless, it is at times breached by pathogens and leads to vertical transmission of infection from mother to fetus. This review will focus specifically on the Zika flavivirus, the HIV retrovirus and the emerging SARS-CoV2 coronavirus, which have affected pregnant women and their offspring in recent epidemics. In particular, we will address how viral infections affect the immune response at the maternal-fetal interface and how the placental barrier is physically breached and discuss the consequences of infection on various aspects of placental function to support fetal growth and development. Improved understanding of how the placenta responds to viral infections will lay the foundation for developing therapeutics to these and emergent viruses, to minimise the harms of infection to the offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E J Yong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amlan Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Sharon Ricardo
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohamed Benharouga
- Unité 1292, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France; Department of Biology, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Nadia Alfaidy
- Unité 1292, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France; Department of Biology, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Padma Murthi
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wessel AW, Doyle MP, Engdahl TB, Rodriguez J, Crowe JE, Diamond MS. Human Monoclonal Antibodies against NS1 Protein Protect against Lethal West Nile Virus Infection. mBio 2021; 12:e0244021. [PMID: 34634945 PMCID: PMC8510529 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02440-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Envelope protein-targeted vaccines for flaviviruses are limited by concerns of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infections. Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) provides an alternative vaccine target that avoids this risk since this protein is absent from the virion. Beyond its intracellular role in virus replication, extracellular forms of NS1 function in immune modulation and are recognized by host-derived antibodies. The rational design of NS1-based vaccines requires an extensive understanding of the antigenic sites on NS1, especially those targeted by protective antibodies. Here, we isolated human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) from individuals previously naturally infected with WNV, mapped their epitopes using structure-guided mutagenesis, and evaluated their efficacy in vivo against lethal WNV challenge. The most protective epitopes clustered at three antigenic sites that are exposed on cell surface forms of NS1: (i) the wing flexible loop, (ii) the outer, electrostatic surface of the wing, and (iii) the spaghetti loop face of the β-ladder. One additional MAb mapped to the distal tip of the β-ladder and conferred a lower level of protection against WNV despite not binding to NS1 on the surface of infected cells. Our study defines the epitopes and modes of binding of protective anti-NS1 MAb antibodies following WNV infection, which may inform the development of NS1-based countermeasures against flaviviruses. IMPORTANCE Therapeutic antibodies against flaviviruses often promote neutralization by targeting the envelope protein of the virion. However, this approach is hindered by a possible concern for antibody-dependent enhancement of infection and paradoxical worsening of disease. As an alternative strategy, antibodies targeting flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), which is absent from the virion, can protect against disease and do not cause enhanced infection. Here, we evaluate the structure-function relationships and protective activity of West Nile virus (WNV) NS1-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) isolated from the memory B cells of a naturally infected human donor. We identify several anti-NS1 MAbs that protect mice against lethal WNV challenge and map their epitopes using charge reversal mutagenesis. Antibodies targeting specific regions in the NS1 structure could serve as the basis for countermeasures that control WNV infection in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex W. Wessel
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Taylor B. Engdahl
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jessica Rodriguez
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - James E. Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wessel AW, Dowd KA, Biering SB, Zhang P, Edeling MA, Nelson CA, Funk KE, DeMaso CR, Klein RS, Smith JL, Cao TM, Kuhn RJ, Fremont DH, Harris E, Pierson TC, Diamond MS. Levels of Circulating NS1 Impact West Nile Virus Spread to the Brain. J Virol 2021; 95:e0084421. [PMID: 34346770 PMCID: PMC8475509 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00844-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are arthropod-transmitted flaviviruses that cause systemic vascular leakage and encephalitis syndromes, respectively, in humans. However, the viral factors contributing to these specific clinical disorders are not completely understood. Flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is required for replication, expressed on the cell surface, and secreted as a soluble glycoprotein, reaching high levels in the blood of infected individuals. Extracellular DENV NS1 and WNV NS1 interact with host proteins and cells, have immune evasion functions, and promote endothelial dysfunction in a tissue-specific manner. To characterize how differences in DENV NS1 and WNV NS1 might function in pathogenesis, we generated WNV NS1 variants with substitutions corresponding to residues found in DENV NS1. We discovered that the substitution NS1-P101K led to reduced WNV infectivity in the brain and attenuated lethality in infected mice, although the virus replicated efficiently in cell culture and peripheral organs and bound at wild-type levels to brain endothelial cells and complement components. The P101K substitution resulted in reduced NS1 antigenemia in mice, and this was associated with reduced WNV spread to the brain. Because exogenous administration of NS1 protein rescued WNV brain infectivity in mice, we conclude that circulating WNV NS1 facilitates viral dissemination into the central nervous system and impacts disease outcomes. IMPORTANCE Flavivirus NS1 serves as an essential scaffolding molecule during virus replication but also is expressed on the cell surface and is secreted as a soluble glycoprotein that circulates in the blood of infected individuals. Although extracellular forms of NS1 are implicated in immune modulation and in promoting endothelial dysfunction at blood-tissue barriers, it has been challenging to study specific effects of NS1 on pathogenesis without disrupting its key role in virus replication. Here, we assessed WNV NS1 variants that do not affect virus replication and evaluated their effects on pathogenesis in mice. Our characterization of WNV NS1-P101K suggests that the levels of NS1 in the circulation facilitate WNV dissemination to the brain and affect disease outcomes. Our findings facilitate understanding of the role of NS1 during flavivirus infection and support antiviral strategies for targeting circulating forms of NS1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex W. Wessel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Dowd
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott B. Biering
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Melissa A. Edeling
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher A. Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kristen E. Funk
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Christina R. DeMaso
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robyn S. Klein
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Janet L. Smith
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Thu Minh Cao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Richard J. Kuhn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Daved H. Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Theodore C. Pierson
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hsieh SC, Tsai WY, Tsai JJ, Stone M, Simmons G, Busch MP, Lanteri M, Stramer SL, Balmaseda A, Harris E, Wang WK. Identification of Anti-Premembrane Antibody as a Serocomplex-Specific Marker To Discriminate Zika, Dengue, and West Nile Virus Infections. J Virol 2021; 95:e0061921. [PMID: 34232731 PMCID: PMC8428386 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00619-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas has greatly declined since late 2017, recent reports of reduced risks of symptomatic Zika by prior dengue virus (DENV) infection and increased risks of severe dengue disease by previous ZIKV or DENV infection underscore a critical need for serological tests that can discriminate past ZIKV, DENV, and/or other flavivirus infections and improve our understanding of the immune interactions between these viruses and vaccine strategy in endemic regions. As serological tests for ZIKV primarily focus on envelope (E) and nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), antibodies to other ZIKV proteins have not been explored. Here, we employed Western blot analysis using antigens of 6 flaviviruses from 3 serocomplexes to investigate antibody responses following reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR)-confirmed ZIKV infection. Panels of 20 primary ZIKV and 20 ZIKV with previous DENV infection recognized E proteins of all 6 flaviviruses and the NS1 protein of ZIKV with some cross-reactivity to DENV. While the primary ZIKV panel recognized only the premembrane (prM) protein of ZIKV, the ZIKV with previous DENV panel recognized both ZIKV and DENV prM proteins. Analysis of antibody responses following 42 DENV and 18 West Nile virus infections revealed similar patterns of recognition by anti-E and anti-NS1 antibodies, whereas both panels recognized the prM protein of the homologous serocomplex but not others. The specificity was further supported by analysis of sequential samples. Together, these findings suggest that anti-prM antibody is a flavivirus serocomplex-specific marker and can be used to delineate current and past flavivirus infections in endemic areas. IMPORTANCE Despite a decline in Zika virus (ZIKV) transmission since late 2017, questions regarding its surveillance, potential reemergence, and interactions with other flaviviruses in regions where it is endemic remain unanswered. Recent studies have reported reduced risks of symptomatic Zika by prior dengue virus (DENV) infection and increased risks of severe dengue disease by previous ZIKV or DENV infection, highlighting a need for better serological tests to discriminate past ZIKV, DENV, and/or other flavivirus infections and improved understanding of the immune interactions and vaccine strategy for these viruses. As most serological tests for ZIKV focused on envelope and nonstructural protein 1, antibodies to other ZIKV proteins, including potentially specific antibodies, remain understudied. We employed Western blot analysis using antigens of 6 flaviviruses to study antibody responses following well-documented ZIKV, DENV, and West Nile virus infections and identified anti-premembrane antibody as a flavivirus serocomplex-specific marker to delineate current and past flavivirus infections in areas where flaviviruses are endemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Chia Hsieh
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Wen-Yang Tsai
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Jih-Jin Tsai
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mars Stone
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Graham Simmons
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael P. Busch
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marion Lanteri
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Susan L. Stramer
- American Red Cross Scientific Support Office, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- National Virology Laboratory, National Center for Diagnosis and Reference, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California—Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Wei-Kung Wang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Carpio KL, Barrett ADT. Flavivirus NS1 and Its Potential in Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:622. [PMID: 34207516 PMCID: PMC8229460 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Flavivirus genus contains many important human pathogens, including dengue, Japanese encephalitis (JE), tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), West Nile (WN), yellow fever (YF) and Zika (ZIK) viruses. While there are effective vaccines for a few flavivirus diseases (JE, TBE and YF), the majority do not have vaccines, including WN and ZIK. The flavivirus nonstructural 1 (NS1) protein has an unusual structure-function because it is glycosylated and forms different structures to facilitate different roles intracellularly and extracellularly, including roles in the replication complex, assisting in virus assembly, and complement antagonism. It also plays a role in protective immunity through antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity, and anti-NS1 antibodies elicit passive protection in animal models against a virus challenge. Historically, NS1 has been used as a diagnostic marker for the flavivirus infection due to its complement fixing properties and specificity. Its role in disease pathogenesis, and the strong humoral immune response resulting from infection, makes NS1 an excellent target for inclusion in candidate flavivirus vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kassandra L. Carpio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Alan D. T. Barrett
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sanchez Vargas LA, Adam A, Masterson M, Smith M, Lyski ZL, Dowd KA, Pierson TC, Messer WB, Currier JR, Mathew A. Non-structural protein 1-specific antibodies directed against Zika virus in humans mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Immunology 2021; 164:386-397. [PMID: 34056709 PMCID: PMC8442231 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in understanding antibody (Ab) function beyond neutralization. The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of Zika virus (ZIKV) is an attractive candidate for an effective vaccine as Abs against NS1, unlike the envelope or premembrane, do not carry the risk of mediating antibody-dependent enhancement. Our aim was to evaluate whether ZIKV NS1 Abs elicited following natural infection in humans can mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). We evaluated the isotype specificity of ZIKV-specific Abs in immune sera and supernatants from stimulated immune PBMC and found that Abs against ZIKV NS1 and virus-like particles were predominantly of the IgG1 isotype. Using a recently developed FluoroSpot assay, we found robust frequencies of NS1-specific Ab-secreting cells in PBMC of individuals who were naturally infected with ZIKV. We developed assays to measure both natural killer cell activation by flow cytometry and target cell lysis of ZIKV NS1-expressing cells using an image cytometry assay in the presence of ZIKV NS1 Abs. Our data indicate efficient opsonization of ZIKV NS1-expressing CEM-NKR cell lines using ZIKV-immune but not ZIKV-naïve sera, a prerequisite of ADCC. Furthermore, sera from immune donors were able to induce both NK cell degranulation and lysis of ZIKV NS1 CEM-NKR cells in vitro. Our data suggest that ADCC is a possible mechanism for ZIKV NS1 Abs to eliminate virally infected target cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Sanchez Vargas
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Awadalkareem Adam
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mary Masterson
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Madison Smith
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Zoe L Lyski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | | | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Program in Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Currier
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Anuja Mathew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Duarte G, Miranda AE, Bermudez XPD, Saraceni V, Martinez-Espinosa FE. Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: Zika virus infection. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2021; 54:e2020609. [PMID: 34008724 PMCID: PMC8210481 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-609-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This article addresses the vector, sexual and vertical transmissions of the Zika virus, a topic covered in the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. Although in Brazil Zika virus is transmitted more predominantly by Aedes aegypti, the vertical and sexual transmission routes are of significant importance for reproductive health. Sexual transmission demands specific prophylactic interventions, including the use of male or female condoms, especially among couples in a risk situation and planning pregnancy. Vertical transmission is linked to severe structural abnormalities of the central nervous system, and there is still no vaccine or known pharmacological resources that can prevent it. As the disease is predominantly asymptomatic, failure to comply with the basic principles of care and guidelines associated with the spread of the infection transcends the severity of the disease's symptoms. Although in Brazil Zika virus is predominantly transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, vertical and sexual transmission routes are important for reproductive health. Vertical transmission causes severe central nervous system structural abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geraldo Duarte
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Duarte G, Miranda AE, Bermúdez XPD, Saraceni V, Martínez-Espinosa FE. [Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: Zika virus infection]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e2020609. [PMID: 33729407 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-4974202100017.esp1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article addresses vector, sexual and vertical transmission of Zika virus, a topic covered in the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. Although in Brazil Zika virus is transmitted most predominantly by Aedes aegypti, the vertical and sexual transmission routes are of significant importance for reproductive health. Sexual transmission demands the use of specific prophylactic interventions, including the use of male or female condoms, especially among couples planning pregnancy. Vertical transmission is linked to severe structural abnormalities of the central nervous system and there is still no vaccine or known pharmacological resources that can prevent it. As the disease is predominantly asymptomatic, failure to comply with basic principles of care and guidelines related to the spread of infection transcends the severity of the symptoms of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geraldo Duarte
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | - Valeria Saraceni
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Monoclonal Antibodies against Zika Virus NS1 Protein Confer Protection via Fc γ Receptor-Dependent and -Independent Pathways. mBio 2021; 12:mBio.03179-20. [PMID: 33563822 PMCID: PMC7885117 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03179-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that has been linked to congenital microcephaly during recent epidemics. No licensed antiviral drug or vaccine is available. Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy causes congenital defects such as fetal microcephaly. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) have the potential to suppress ZIKV pathogenicity without enhancement of disease, but the pathways through which they confer protection remain obscure. Here, we report two types of NS1-targeted human MAbs that inhibit ZIKV infection through distinct mechanisms. MAbs 3G2 and 4B8 show a better efficacy than MAb 4F10 in suppressing ZIKV infection in C57BL/6 neonatal mice. Unlike MAb 4F10 that mainly triggers antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), MAbs 3G2 and 4B8 not only trigger ADCC but inhibit ZIKV infection without Fcγ receptor-bearing effector cells, possibly at postentry stages. Destroying the Fc-mediated effector function of MAbs 3G2 and 4B8 reduces but does not abolish their protective effects, whereas destroying the effector function of MAb 4F10 eliminates the protective effects, suggesting that MAbs 3G2 and 4B8 engage both Fcγ receptor-dependent and -independent pathways. Further analysis reveals that MAbs 3G2 and 4B8 target the N-terminal region of NS1 protein, whereas MAb 4F10 targets the C-terminal region, implying that the protective efficacy of an NS1-targeted MAb may be associated with its epitope recognition. Our results illustrate that NS1-targeted MAbs have multifaceted protective effects and provide insights for the development of NS1-based vaccines and therapeutics.
Collapse
|
23
|
Biering SB, Akey DL, Wong MP, Brown WC, Lo NTN, Puerta-Guardo H, Tramontini Gomes de Sousa F, Wang C, Konwerski JR, Espinosa DA, Bockhaus NJ, Glasner DR, Li J, Blanc SF, Juan EY, Elledge SJ, Mina MJ, Beatty PR, Smith JL, Harris E. Structural basis for antibody inhibition of flavivirus NS1-triggered endothelial dysfunction. Science 2021; 371:194-200. [PMID: 33414220 PMCID: PMC8000976 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Medically important flaviviruses cause diverse disease pathologies and collectively are responsible for a major global disease burden. A contributing factor to pathogenesis is secreted flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). Despite demonstrated protection by NS1-specific antibodies against lethal flavivirus challenge, the structural and mechanistic basis remains unknown. Here, we present three crystal structures of full-length dengue virus NS1 complexed with a flavivirus-cross-reactive, NS1-specific monoclonal antibody, 2B7, at resolutions between 2.89 and 3.96 angstroms. These structures reveal a protective mechanism by which two domains of NS1 are antagonized simultaneously. The NS1 wing domain mediates cell binding, whereas the β-ladder triggers downstream events, both of which are required for dengue, Zika, and West Nile virus NS1-mediated endothelial dysfunction. These observations provide a mechanistic explanation for 2B7 protection against NS1-induced pathology and demonstrate the potential of one antibody to treat infections by multiple flaviviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott B Biering
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - David L Akey
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marcus P Wong
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity Graduate Group, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - W Clay Brown
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nicholas T N Lo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity Graduate Group, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Henry Puerta-Guardo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | | | - Chunling Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Jamie R Konwerski
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Diego A Espinosa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Nicholas J Bockhaus
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dustin R Glasner
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Jeffrey Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Sophie F Blanc
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Evan Y Juan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, and Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael J Mina
- Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, and Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - P Robert Beatty
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Janet L Smith
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wessel AW, Kose N, Bombardi RG, Roy V, Chantima W, Mongkolsapaya J, Edeling MA, Nelson CA, Bosch I, Alter G, Screaton GR, Fremont DH, Crowe JE, Diamond MS. Antibodies targeting epitopes on the cell-surface form of NS1 protect against Zika virus infection during pregnancy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5278. [PMID: 33077712 PMCID: PMC7572419 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no licensed therapeutics or vaccines available against Zika virus (ZIKV) to counteract its potential for congenital disease. Antibody-based countermeasures targeting the ZIKV envelope protein have been hampered by concerns for cross-reactive responses that induce antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of heterologous flavivirus infection. Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a membrane-associated and secreted glycoprotein that functions in flavivirus replication and immune evasion but is absent from the virion. Although some studies suggest that antibodies against ZIKV NS1 are protective, their activity during congenital infection is unknown. Here we develop mouse and human anti-NS1 monoclonal antibodies that protect against ZIKV in both non-pregnant and pregnant mice. Avidity of antibody binding to cell-surface NS1 along with Fc effector functions engagement correlate with protection in vivo. Protective mAbs map to exposed epitopes in the wing domain and loop face of the β-platform. Anti-NS1 antibodies provide an alternative strategy for protection against congenital ZIKV infection without causing ADE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex W Wessel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nurgun Kose
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Robin G Bombardi
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Vicky Roy
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Warangkana Chantima
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Office for Research and Development, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Melissa A Edeling
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Christopher A Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Irene Bosch
- E25Bio, Inc., The Engine of MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Gavin R Screaton
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - David H Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Guo M, Hui L, Nie Y, Tefsen B, Wu Y. ZIKV viral proteins and their roles in virus-host interactions. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:709-719. [PMID: 33068285 PMCID: PMC7568452 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The re-emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) and its associated neonatal microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome have led the World Health Organization to declare a global health emergency. Until today, many related studies have successively reported the role of various viral proteins of ZIKV in the process of ZIKV infection and pathogenicity. These studies have provided significant insights for the treatment and prevention of ZIKV infection. Here we review the current research advances in the functional characterization of the interactions between each ZIKV viral protein and its host factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moujian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lixia Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yiwen Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Boris Tefsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rastogi M, Singh SK. Zika virus NS1 affects the junctional integrity of human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Biochimie 2020; 176:52-61. [PMID: 32640279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection leads to microcephaly in newborns. Flaviviruses are known to secrete NS1 protein extracellularly and its concentration in serum directly co-relate to disease severity. The presence of ZIKV-NS1 near the brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) affects blood-brain-barrier, which is composed of tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs). Viruses utilize different strategies to circumvent this barrier to enter in brain. The present study demonstrated the mechanism of junctional integrity disruption in BMVECs by ZIKV-NS1 protein exposure. The Transendothelial Electrical Resistance and sodium fluorescein migration assays revealed the endothelial barrier disruption in BMVECs exposed to ZIKV-NS1 at different time (12hr and 24hr) and doses (500 ng/mL, 1000 ng/mL and 1500 ng/mL). The exposure of ZIKV-NS1 on BMVECs led to the phosphorylation of AJs and suppression of TJs through secreted ZIKV-NS1 in a bystander fashion. The activation of NADPH dependent reactive oxygen species activity and redox sensitive tyrosine kinase further increased the phosphorylation of AJs. The reduced expression of the phosphatase led to the increased phosphorylation of the AJs. The treatment with Diphenyleneiodonium chloride rescued the phosphatase and TJs expression and suppressed the expression of kinase and AJs in BMVECs exposed to ZIKV-NS1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Rastogi
- Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India
| | - Sunit K Singh
- Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tsetsarkin KA, Acklin JA, Liu G, Kenney H, Teterina NL, Pletnev AG, Lim JK. Zika virus tropism during early infection of the testicular interstitium and its role in viral pathogenesis in the testes. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008601. [PMID: 32614902 PMCID: PMC7331987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual transmission and persistence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the testes pose new challenges for controlling virus outbreaks and developing live-attenuated vaccines. It has been shown that testicular infection of ZIKV is initiated in the testicular interstitium, followed by spread of the virus in the seminiferous tubules. This leads to testicular damage and/or viral dissemination into the epididymis and eventually into semen. However, it remains unknown which cell types are targeted by ZIKV in the testicular interstitium, and what is the specific order of infectious events leading to ZIKV invasion of the seminiferous tubules. Here, we demonstrate that interstitial leukocytes expressing mir-511-3p microRNA are the initial targets of ZIKV in the testes, and infection of mir-511-3p-expressing cells in the testicular interstitium is necessary for downstream infection of the seminiferous tubules. Mir-511-3p is expressed concurrently with CD206, a marker of lineage 2 (M2) macrophages and monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs). Selective restriction of ZIKV infection of CD206-expressing M2 macrophages/moDCs results in the attenuation of macrophage-associated inflammatory responses in vivo and prevents the disruption of the Sertoli cell barrier in vitro. Finally, we show that targeting of viral genome for mir-511-3p significantly attenuates early ZIKV replication not only in the testes, but also in many peripheral organs, including spleen, epididymis, and pancreas. This incriminates M2 macrophages/moDCs as important targets for visceral ZIKV replication following hematogenous dissemination of the virus from the site of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A. Tsetsarkin
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua A. Acklin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Guangping Liu
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Heather Kenney
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Natalia L. Teterina
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alexander G. Pletnev
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jean K. Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yockey LJ, Lucas C, Iwasaki A. Contributions of maternal and fetal antiviral immunity in congenital disease. Science 2020; 368:608-612. [PMID: 32381717 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections during pregnancy can have devastating consequences on pregnancy outcomes, fetal development, and maternal health. In this review, we examine fetal and maternal immune defense mechanisms that mediate resistance against viral infections and discuss the range of syndromes that ensue when such mechanisms fail, from fetal developmental defects to establishment of chronic infection. Further, we highlight the role of maternal immune activation, or uncontrolled inflammation triggered by viral infections during pregnancy, and its potential downstream pathological effects, including tissue damage and fetal demise. Insights into the respective contributions of direct viral toxicity versus fetal and maternal immune responses that underlie the pathogenesis of congenital disease will guide future treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Yockey
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Carolina Lucas
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. .,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06512, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hui L, Nie Y, Li S, Guo M, Yang W, Huang R, Chen J, Liu Y, Lu X, Chen Z, Yang Q, Wu Y. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 facilitates Zika virus invasion of the testis by modulating the integrity of the blood-testis barrier. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008509. [PMID: 32302362 PMCID: PMC7190178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a unique flavivirus with high tropism to the testes. ZIKV can persist in human semen for months and can cause testicular damage in male mice. However, the mechanisms through which ZIKV enters the testes remain unclear. In this study, we revealed that matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) was upregulated by ZIKV infection in cell culture and in A129 mice. Furthermore, using an in vitro Sertoli cell barrier model and MMP9-/- mice, we found that ZIKV infection directly affected the permeability of the blood-testis barrier (BTB), and knockout or inhibition of MMP9 reduced the effects of ZIKV on the Sertoli cell BTB, highlighting its role in ZIKV-induced disruption of the BTB. Interestingly, the protein levels of MMP9 were elevated by ZIKV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) in primary mouse Sertoli cells (mSCs) and other cell lines. Moreover, the interaction between NS1 and MMP9 induced the K63-linked polyubiquitination of MMP9, which enhanced the stability of MMP9. The upregulated MMP9 level led to the degradation of essential proteins involved in the maintenance of the BTB, such as tight junction proteins (TJPs) and type Ⅳ collagens. Collectively, we concluded that ZIKV infection promoted the expression of MMP9 which was further stabilized by NS1 induced K63-linked polyubiquitination to affect the TJPs/ type Ⅳ collagen network, thereby disrupting the BTB and facilitating ZIKV entry into the testes. Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus that shows high tropism to the testes and can persist in human semen for a long period. However, the entry mechanism of ZIKV into the testes has remained unclear. Here, we explored the mechanisms underlying matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9)-modulated ZIKV infection in mice. We showed that MMP9 was upregulated by ZIKV infection both in vivo and in vitro. ZIKV infection affected the permeability of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) through MMP9 mediated degradation of TJPs and type Ⅳ collagens that are critically involved in the maintenance of the BTB. Additionally, the interaction between MMP9 and ZIKV NS1 induced the K63-linked polyubiquitination of MMP9, which enhanced the stability and function of MMP9. Overall, our findings provided important insights into the mechanisms through which MMP9 disrupted the BTB and promoted ZIKV entry into the testes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiwen Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shihua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Moujian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junsen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingxia Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuancheng Lu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingyu Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Montes-Grajales D, Puerta-Guardo H, Espinosa DA, Harris E, Caicedo-Torres W, Olivero-Verbel J, Martínez-Romero E. In silico drug repurposing for the identification of potential candidate molecules against arboviruses infection. Antiviral Res 2019; 173:104668. [PMID: 31786251 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Arboviral diseases caused by dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses represent a major public health problem worldwide, especially in tropical areas where millions of infections occur every year. The aim of this research was to identify candidate molecules for the treatment of these diseases among the drugs currently available in the market, through in silico screening and subsequent in vitro evaluation with cell culture models of DENV and ZIKV infections. Numerous pharmaceutical compounds from antibiotics to chemotherapeutic agents presented high in silico binding affinity for the viral proteins, including ergotamine, antrafenine, natamycin, pranlukast, nilotinib, itraconazole, conivaptan and novobiocin. These five last compounds were tested in vitro, being pranlukast the one that exhibited the best antiviral activity. Further in vitro assays for this compound showed a significant inhibitory effect on DENV and ZIKV infection of human monocytic cells and human hepatocytes (Huh-7 cells) with potential abrogation of virus entry. Finally, intrinsic fluorescence analyses suggest that pranlukast may have some level of interaction with three viral proteins of DENV: envelope, capsid, and NS1. Due to its promising results, suitable accessibility in the market and reduced restrictions compared to other pharmaceuticals; the anti-asthmatic pranlukast is proposed as a drug candidate against DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV, supporting further in vitro and in vivo assessment of the potential of this and other lead compounds that exhibited good affinity scores in silico as therapeutic agents or scaffolds for the development of new drugs against arboviral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Montes-Grajales
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia.
| | - Henry Puerta-Guardo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3370, USA
| | - Diego A Espinosa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3370, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3370, USA
| | - William Caicedo-Torres
- Grupo de Investigación de Tecnologías Aplicadas y Sistemas de Información, School of Engineering, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Cartagena, 130010, Colombia
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia
| | - Esperanza Martínez-Romero
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca-Morelos 565-A, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|