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Hamada N, Matsuya Y, Zablotska LB, Little MP. Inverse dose protraction effects of low-LET radiation: Evidence and significance. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2025; 795:108531. [PMID: 39814314 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2025.108531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2024] [Revised: 01/01/2025] [Accepted: 01/07/2025] [Indexed: 01/18/2025]
Abstract
Biological effects of ionizing radiation vary not merely with total dose but also with temporal dose distribution. Sparing dose protraction effects, in which dose protraction reduces effects of radiation have widely been accepted and generally assumed in radiation protection, particularly for stochastic effects (e.g., solid cancer). In contrast, inverse dose protraction effects (IDPEs) in which dose protraction enhances radiation effects have not been well recognized, nor comprehensively reviewed. Here, we review the current knowledge on IDPEs of low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. To the best of our knowledge, since 1952, 157 biology, epidemiology or clinical papers have reported IDPEs following external or internal low-LET irradiation with photons (X-rays, γ-rays), β-rays, electrons, protons or helium ions. IDPEs of low-LET radiation have been described for biochemical changes in cell-free macromolecules (DNA, proteins or lipids), DNA damage responses in bacteria and yeasts, DNA damage, cytogenetic changes, neoplastic transformation and cell death in mammalian cell cultures of human, rodent or bovine origin, mutagenesis in silkworms, cytogenetic changes, induction of cancer (solid tumors and leukemia) and non-cancer effects (male sterility, cataracts and diseases of the circulatory system), tumor inactivation and survival in non-human mammals (rodents, rabbits, dogs and pigs), and induction of cancer and non-cancer effects (skin changes and diseases of the circulatory system) in humans. In contrast to a growing body of phenomenological evidence for manifestations of IDPEs, there is limited knowledge on mechanistic underpinnings, but proposed mechanisms involve cell cycle-dependent resensitization and low dose hyper-radiosensitivity. These necessitate continued studies for further mechanistic developments and assessment of implications of scientific evidence for radiation protection (e.g., in terms of a dose rate effectiveness factor).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Hamada
- Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Chiba 270-1194, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Matsuya
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan; Research Group for Radiation Transport Analysis, Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Lydia B Zablotska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mark P Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, MD 20892-9778, USA; Faculty of Health, Science and Technology, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, OX3 0BP, UK
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Yamada Y, Imaoka T, Iwasaki T, Kobayashi J, Misumi M, Sakai K, Sugihara T, Suzuki K, Tauchi H, Yasuda H, Yoshinaga S, Sasatani M, Tanaka S, Doi K, Tomita M, Iizuka D, Kakinuma S, Sasaki M, Kai M. Establishment and activity of the planning and acting network for low dose radiation research in Japan (PLANET): 2016-2023. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2024; 65:561-574. [PMID: 39007844 PMCID: PMC11420843 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrae049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The Planning and Acting Network for Low Dose Radiation Research in Japan (PLANET) was established in 2017 in response to the need for an all-Japan network of experts. It serves as an academic platform to propose strategies and facilitate collaboration to improve quantitative estimation of health risks from ionizing radiation at low-doses and low-dose-rates. PLANET established Working Group 1 (Dose-Rate Effects in Animal Experiments) to consolidate findings from animal experiments on dose-rate effects in carcinogenesis. Considering international trends in this field as well as the situation in Japan, PLANET updated its priority research areas for Japanese low-dose radiation research in 2023 to include (i) characterization of low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation risk, (ii) factors to be considered for individualization of radiation risk, (iii) biological mechanisms of low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation effects and (iv) integration of epidemiology and biology. In this context, PLANET established Working Group 2 (Dose and Dose-Rate Mapping for Radiation Risk Studies) to identify the range of doses and dose rates at which observable effects on different endpoints have been reported; Working Group 3 (Species- and Organ-Specific Dose-Rate Effects) to consider the relevance of stem cell dynamics in radiation carcinogenesis of different species and organs; and Working Group 4 (Research Mapping for Radiation-Related Carcinogenesis) to sort out relevant studies, including those on non-mutagenic effects, and to identify priority research areas. These PLANET activities will be used to improve the risk assessment and to contribute to the revision of the next main recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Yamada
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, Institute for Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, Institute for Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Iwasaki
- Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan
| | - Junya Kobayashi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, School of Health Sciences at Narita, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3, Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba 286-8686, Japan
| | - Munechika Misumi
- Department of Statistics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sakai
- Tokyo Healthcare University, 2-5-1 Higashiaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8558, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugihara
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7 Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho-mura, Kamikita-gun, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tauchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ibaraki University, Bunkyo 2-1-1, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yasuda
- Department of Radiation Biophysics, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shinji Yoshinaga
- Department of Environmetrics and Biometrics, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Megumi Sasatani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7 Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho-mura, Kamikita-gun, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Doi
- Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, Institute for Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masanori Tomita
- Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan
| | - Daisuke Iizuka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, Institute for Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, Institute for Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Michiya Sasaki
- Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kai
- Nippon Bunri University, 1727-162 Ichiki, Oita, Oita 870-0397, Japan
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Zablotska LB, Little MP, Hamada N. Revisiting an Inverse Dose-Fractionation Effect of Ionizing Radiation Exposure for Ischemic Heart Disease: Insights from Recent Studies. Radiat Res 2024; 202:80-86. [PMID: 38772552 PMCID: PMC11260496 DOI: 10.1667/rade-00230.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, there has been emerging evidence suggesting that ionizing radiation exposures could be associated with elevated risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly ischemic heart disease (IHD). Excess CVD risks have been observed in a number of exposed groups, with generally similar risk estimates both at low and high radiation doses and dose rates. In 2014, we reported for the first time significantly higher risks of IHD mortality when radiation doses were delivered over a protracted period of time (an inverse dose-fractionation effect) in the Canadian Fluoroscopy Cohort Study. Here we review the current evidence on the dose-fractionation effect of radiation exposure, discuss potential implication for radiation protection policies and suggest further directions for research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia B Zablotska
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Mark P Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Chiba, Japan
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Kim SC, Hou J, Jang WG, Byun HS. The Development of a Composite Thin Film Barrier of Tungsten Fe 3O 4-rGO (FerGO) for the Radiation Shielding of Medical Personnel. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:215. [PMID: 38257014 PMCID: PMC10819262 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tungsten is the most effective eco-friendly material used for radiation shielding in hospitals. However, despite its commendable density and shielding performance, tungsten faces challenges in miscibility with other materials because of its elevated melting point and strength. In this study, to protect medical personnel against scattered rays, which are indirect X-rays, a lightweight material was prepared by mixing graphite oxide material, considering its thinness and flexibility. Tungsten particles were evenly dispersed in the polymer, and nanofibers were prepared using this blended polymer solution via electrospinning. Concurrently, the process technology was explored to craft a thin film sheet and obtain a lead-like shielding effect. A spinning solution was prepared by mixing Fe3O4-rGO (FerGO) and tungsten. At 60 kVp, 0.1 mm was measured as 0.097 mmPb, at 80 kVp, 0.2 mm was measured as 0.196 mmPb, and at 100 kVp, 0.3 mm was measured as 0.279 mmPb, showing similar shielding performance to lead. As density directly affects the shielding effect, graphene oxide played an important role in increasing the density of the material from 1.941 g/cm3 to 2.302 g/cm3. Thus, this study provides an effective process for producing thin film sheets equivalent to lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Chil Kim
- Department of Medical Informatics, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jian Hou
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Won-Gi Jang
- Kwang Won Electronics, Yangsan-si 50590, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Sik Byun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea;
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Akuwudike P, López-Riego M, Marczyk M, Kocibalova Z, Brückner F, Polańska J, Wojcik A, Lundholm L. Short- and long-term effects of radiation exposure at low dose and low dose rate in normal human VH10 fibroblasts. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1297942. [PMID: 38162630 PMCID: PMC10755029 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1297942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Experimental studies complement epidemiological data on the biological effects of low doses and dose rates of ionizing radiation and help in determining the dose and dose rate effectiveness factor. Methods Human VH10 skin fibroblasts exposed to 25, 50, and 100 mGy of 137Cs gamma radiation at 1.6, 8, 12 mGy/h, and at a high dose rate of 23.4 Gy/h, were analyzed for radiation-induced short- and long-term effects. Two sample cohorts, i.e., discovery (n = 30) and validation (n = 12), were subjected to RNA sequencing. The pool of the results from those six experiments with shared conditions (1.6 mGy/h; 24 h), together with an earlier time point (0 h), constituted a third cohort (n = 12). Results The 100 mGy-exposed cells at all abovementioned dose rates, harvested at 0/24 h and 21 days after exposure, showed no strong gene expression changes. DMXL2, involved in the regulation of the NOTCH signaling pathway, presented a consistent upregulation among both the discovery and validation cohorts, and was validated by qPCR. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the NOTCH pathway was upregulated in the pooled cohort (p = 0.76, normalized enrichment score (NES) = 0.86). Apart from upregulated apical junction and downregulated DNA repair, few pathways were consistently changed across exposed cohorts. Concurringly, cell viability assays, performed 1, 3, and 6 days post irradiation, and colony forming assay, seeded just after exposure, did not reveal any statistically significant early effects on cell growth or survival patterns. Tendencies of increased viability (day 6) and reduced colony size (day 21) were observed at 12 mGy/h and 23.4 Gy/min. Furthermore, no long-term changes were observed in cell growth curves generated up to 70 days after exposure. Discussion In conclusion, low doses of gamma radiation given at low dose rates had no strong cytotoxic effects on radioresistant VH10 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Akuwudike
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Milagrosa López-Riego
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michal Marczyk
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Zuzana Kocibalova
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabian Brückner
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joanna Polańska
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Lovisa Lundholm
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hamada N. Noncancer Effects of Ionizing Radiation Exposure on the Eye, the Circulatory System and beyond: Developments made since the 2011 ICRP Statement on Tissue Reactions. Radiat Res 2023; 200:188-216. [PMID: 37410098 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00030.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
For radiation protection purposes, noncancer effects with a threshold-type dose-response relationship have been classified as tissue reactions (formerly called nonstochastic or deterministic effects), and equivalent dose limits aim to prevent occurrence of such tissue reactions. Accumulating evidence demonstrates increased risks for several late occurring noncancer effects at doses and dose rates much lower than previously considered. In 2011, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) issued a statement on tissue reactions to recommend a threshold of 0.5 Gy to the lens of the eye for cataracts and to the heart and brain for diseases of the circulatory system (DCS), independent of dose rate. Literature published thereafter continues to provide updated knowledge. Increased risks for cataracts below 0.5 Gy have been reported in several cohorts (e.g., including in those receiving protracted or chronic exposures). A dose threshold for cataracts is less evident with longer follow-up, with limited evidence available for risk of cataract removal surgery. There is emerging evidence for risk of normal-tension glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, but the long-held tenet that the lens represents among the most radiosensitive tissues in the eye and in the body seems to remain unchanged. For DCS, increased risks have been reported in various cohorts, but the existence or otherwise of a dose threshold is unclear. The level of risk is less uncertain at lower dose and lower dose rate, with the possibility that risk per unit dose is greater at lower doses and dose rates. Target organs and tissues for DCS are also unknown, but may include heart, large blood vessels and kidneys. Identification of potential factors (e.g., sex, age, lifestyle factors, coexposures, comorbidities, genetics and epigenetics) that may modify radiation risk of cataracts and DCS would be important. Other noncancer effects on the radar include neurological effects (e.g., Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and dementia) of which elevated risk has increasingly been reported. These late occurring noncancer effects tend to deviate from the definition of tissue reactions, necessitating more scientific developments to reconsider the radiation effect classification system and risk management. This paper gives an overview of historical developments made in ICRP prior to the 2011 statement and an update on relevant developments made since the 2011 ICRP statement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Hamada
- Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Chiba, Japan
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7
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Suzuki K, Imaoka T, Tomita M, Sasatani M, Doi K, Tanaka S, Kai M, Yamada Y, Kakinuma S. Molecular and cellular basis of the dose-rate-dependent adverse effects of radiation exposure in animal models. Part I: Mammary gland and digestive tract. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023; 64:210-227. [PMID: 36773323 PMCID: PMC10036108 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While epidemiological data are available for the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) for human populations, animal models have contributed significantly to providing quantitative data with mechanistic insights. The aim of the current review is to compile both the in vitro experiments with reference to the dose-rate effects of DNA damage and repair, and the animal studies, specific to rodents, with reference to the dose-rate effects of cancer development. In particular, the review focuses especially on the results pertaining to underlying biological mechanisms and discusses their possible involvement in the process of radiation-induced carcinogenesis. Because the concept of adverse outcome pathway (AOP) together with the key events has been considered as a clue to estimate radiation risks at low doses and low dose-rates, the review scrutinized the dose-rate dependency of the key events related to carcinogenesis, which enables us to unify the underlying critical mechanisms to establish a connection between animal experimental studies with human epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Suzuki
- Corresponding author. Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Atomic Bomb Disease Institute. 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan. Tel: +81-95-819-7116; Fax: +81-95-819-7117;
| | | | | | | | - Kazutaka Doi
- Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7 Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho-mura, Kamikita-gun, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kai
- Nippon Bunri University, 1727-162 Ichiki, Oita, Oita 870-0397, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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8
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Suzuki K, Imaoka T, Tomita M, Sasatani M, Doi K, Tanaka S, Kai M, Yamada Y, Kakinuma S. Molecular and cellular basis of the dose-rate-dependent adverse effects of radiation exposure in animal models. Part II: Hematopoietic system, lung and liver. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023; 64:228-249. [PMID: 36773331 PMCID: PMC10036110 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While epidemiological data have greatly contributed to the estimation of the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) for human populations, studies using animal models have made significant contributions to provide quantitative data with mechanistic insights. The current article aims at compiling the animal studies, specific to rodents, with reference to the dose-rate effects of cancer development. This review focuses specifically on the results that explain the biological mechanisms underlying dose-rate effects and their potential involvement in radiation-induced carcinogenic processes. Since the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) concept together with the key events holds promise for improving the estimation of radiation risk at low doses and low dose-rates, the review intends to scrutinize dose-rate dependency of the key events in animal models and to consider novel key events involved in the dose-rate effects, which enables identification of important underlying mechanisms for linking animal experimental and human epidemiological studies in a unified manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Suzuki
- Corresponding author, Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Atomic Bomb Disease Institute. 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan. Tel:+81-95-819-7116; Fax:+81-95-819-7117; E-mail:
| | | | | | | | - Kazutaka Doi
- Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7 Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho-mura, Kamikita-gun, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kai
- Nippon Bunri University, 1727-162 Ichiki, Oita, Oita 870-0397, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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9
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Azizova TV, Grigoryeva ES, Hamada N. Dose rate effect on mortality from ischemic heart disease in the cohort of Russian Mayak Production Association workers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1926. [PMID: 36732598 PMCID: PMC9895442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28954-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
For improvement of the radiation protection system it is crucial to know the factors that modify the radiation dose-response relationship. One of such key factors is the ionizing radiation dose rate. There are, however, very few studies that examine the impact of the dose rate on radiogenic risks observed in human cohorts exposed to radiation at various dose rates. Here we investigated the impact of the dose rate (in terms of the recorded annual dose) on ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality among Russian nuclear workers chronically exposed to radiation. We observed significantly increased excess relative risks (ERR) of IHD mortality per unit of external gamma-ray absorbed dose accumulated at higher dose rates (0.005-0.050 Gy/year). The present findings provide evidence for the association between radiation dose rate and ERRs of IHD mortality in occupationally chronically exposed workers per unit total dose. IHD mortality risk estimates considerably increased with increasing duration of uninterrupted radiation exposure at high rates. The present findings are consistent with other studies and can contribute to the scientific basis for recommendations on the radiation protection system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara V Azizova
- Clinical Department, Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Region, Russia.
| | - Evgeniya S Grigoryeva
- Clinical Department, Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Region, Russia
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Ladbury C, Hao C, Yang D, Hui S, Han C, Liu A, Salhotra A, Nakamura R, Rosenthal J, Stein A, Wong J, Dandapani S. Long-term follow up of patients with hematological malignancies treated with total body irradiation using intensity modulated radiation therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1044539. [PMID: 36531001 PMCID: PMC9755353 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1044539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the advent of modern radiation treatment technologies such as intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), there has been increasing interest in its use for total body irradiation (TBI) conditioning regimens for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) to achieve lower doses to critical organs such as the lungs and kidneys. Although this has been reported on in early studies, long-term safety and efficacy data is limited. METHODS We performed a single institution matched-pair retrospective analysis of patients treated with IMRT TBI and standard TBI between 2010 and 2020 to provide data on long-term outcomes. Patients with hematologic malignancies, who could not tolerate standing for traditional TBI or who received prior radiation received IMRT TBI. Patients were matched based on age, diagnosis, disease status, and year of transplant, and were matched 2:1 to the standard TBI and IMRT TBI cohorts. Patient and treatment characteristics, toxicity, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), dosimetry, and outcomes were evaluated for each cohort. RESULTS A total of 13 patients met inclusion criteria for the IMRT cohort, leading to 26 patients in the standard TBI cohort. There was no significant difference in relevant clinical factors between the cohorts. Reasons for using IMRT over conventional TBI included being unable to stand (n=5), prior radiation (n=5), and pediatric patient requiring anesthesia (n=3). Among living patients, median follow-up for all patients was 5.1 years in the IMRT TBI cohort and 5.5 years in the standard TBI cohort. The 5-yr estimate of OS was 68% in the IMRT TBI cohort and 60% in the standard TBI cohort (p=0.706). The 5-yr estimate of RFS was 54% in the IMRT TBI cohort and 60% in the standard TBI cohort (p=0.529). There was no clinically significant pneumonitis, nephritis, hypothyroidism, or cataracts reported in the IMRT TBI cohort. 41.7% of patients in the IMRT TBI cohort and 79.2% of patients in the standard TBI cohort experienced Grade II-IV acute GVHD (p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS IMRT TBI appears to lead to favorable long-term outcome and dosimetry, and therefore potentially improved long-term toxicity profile compared to conventional TBI. IMRT TBI warrants further investigation as part of larger prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colton Ladbury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Claire Hao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Dongyun Yang
- Division of Biostatistics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Susanta Hui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Chunhui Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - An Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Amandeep Salhotra
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Ryotaro Nakamura
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Joseph Rosenthal
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Anthony Stein
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Savita Dandapani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
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11
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Ilori AO, Chetty N. Activity concentrations and radiological hazard assessments of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in soil samples of oil-producing areas of South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:2665-2677. [PMID: 34601976 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1984399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The specific activity of natural radionuclide in soil samples of the oil-producing areas of South Africa was measured using a High Purity Germanium detector. The activity of226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in the soil range from 16.5 ± 1.3 to 64.9 ± 3.1, 16.8 ± 1.5 to 88.6 ± 1.2, 135.2 ± 17.5 to 604.8 ± 13.4 Bqkg-1 for Mossel Bay; 14.3 ± 1.2 to 48.9 ± 8.2, 22.3 ± 1.4 to 45.1 ± 3.2, 237.7 ± 10.9 to 486.5 ± 40.1 Bqkg-1 for Cape Town; 10.5 ± 1.1 to 25.8 ± 3.2, 13.1 ± 1.9 to 44.3 ± 5.2, 140.2 ± 10.9 to 229.8 ± 12.8 Bqkg-1 for Nelson Mandela Bay and 5.6 ± 2.2 to 13.1 ± 2.9, 4.5 ± 2.5 to 14.1 ± 2.7, 62.7 ± 22.6 to 126.5 ± 21.2 Bqkg-1 for Msunduzi. Most soil samples' radiological hazards were within the world average.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiola Olawale Ilori
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Naven Chetty
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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12
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Lowe D, Roy L, Tabocchini MA, Rühm W, Wakeford R, Woloschak GE, Laurier D. Radiation dose rate effects: what is new and what is needed? RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2022; 61:507-543. [PMID: 36241855 PMCID: PMC9630203 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-022-00996-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of research to understand the biological effects of ionising radiation, there is still much uncertainty over the role of dose rate. Motivated by a virtual workshop on the "Effects of spatial and temporal variation in dose delivery" organised in November 2020 by the Multidisciplinary Low Dose Initiative (MELODI), here, we review studies to date exploring dose rate effects, highlighting significant findings, recent advances and to provide perspective and recommendations for requirements and direction of future work. A comprehensive range of studies is considered, including molecular, cellular, animal, and human studies, with a focus on low linear-energy-transfer radiation exposure. Limits and advantages of each type of study are discussed, and a focus is made on future research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Lowe
- UK Health Security Agency, CRCE Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Laurence Roy
- Institut de Radioprotection Et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Maria Antonella Tabocchini
- Istituto Nazionale i Fisica Nucleare, Sezione i Roma, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Werner Rühm
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Richard Wakeford
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Gayle E Woloschak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Dominique Laurier
- Institut de Radioprotection Et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
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13
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Tanooka H. Radiation cancer risk at different dose rates: new dose-rate effectiveness factors derived from revised A-bomb radiation dosimetry data and non-tumor doses. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2022; 63:1-7. [PMID: 34927198 PMCID: PMC8776691 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The dose rate of atomic bomb (A-bomb) radiation to the survivors has still remained unclear, although the dose-response data of A-bomb cancers has been taken as a standard in estimating the cancer risk of radiation and the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF). Since the applicability of the currently used DDREF of 2 derived from A-bomb data is limited in a narrow dose-rate range, 0.25-75 Gy/min as estimated from analysis of DS86 dosimetry data in the present study, a non-tumor dose (Dnt) was applied in an attempt to gain a more universal dose-rate effectiveness factor (DREF), where Dnt is an empirical parameter defined as the highest dose at which no statistically significant tumor increase is observed above the control level and its magnitude depends on the dose rate. The new DREF values were expressed as a function of the dose rate at four exposure categories, i.e. partial body low LET, whole body low linear energy transfer (LET), partial body high LET and whole body high LET and provided a value of 14 for environmental level radiation at a dose rate of 10-9 Gy/min for whole body low LET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tanooka
- Corresponding author. National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan. Tel. +81-3-3542-2511, Ext. 3224; Fax. +81-3-3542-0623; E-mail address:
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14
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Rühm W, Laurier D, Wakeford R. Cancer risk following low doses of ionising radiation - Current epidemiological evidence and implications for radiological protection. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 873:503436. [PMID: 35094811 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that every year worldwide about a million patients might be exposed to doses of the order of 100 mGy of low-LET radiation, due to recurrent application of radioimaging procedures. This paper presents a synthesis of recent epidemiological evidence on radiation-related cancer risks from low-LET radiation doses of this magnitude. Evidence from pooled analyses and meta-analyses also involving epidemiological studies that, individually, do not find statistically significant radiation-related cancer risks is reviewed, and evidence from additional and more recent epidemiological studies of radiation exposures indicating excess cancer risks is also summarized. Cohorts discussed in the present paper include Japanese atomic bomb survivors, nuclear workers, patients exposed for medical purposes, and populations exposed environmentally to natural background radiation or radioactive contamination. Taken together, the overall evidence summarized here is based on studies including several million individuals, many of them followed-up for more than half a century. In summary, substantial evidence was found from epidemiological studies of exposed groups of humans that ionizing radiation causes cancer at acute and protracted doses above 100 mGy, and growing evidence for doses below 100 mGy. The significant radiation-related solid cancer risks observed at doses of several 100 mGy of protracted exposures (observed, for example, among nuclear workers) demonstrate that doses accumulated over many years at low dose rates do cause stochastic health effects. On this basis, it can be concluded that doses of the order of 100 mGy from recurrent application of medical imaging procedures involving ionizing radiation are of concern, from the viewpoint of radiological protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Rühm
- Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - D Laurier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - R Wakeford
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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15
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Zaharieva EK, Sasatani M, Kamiya K. Kinetics of DNA Repair Under Chronic Irradiation at Low and Medium Dose Rates in Repair Proficient and Repair Compromised Normal Fibroblasts. Radiat Res 2021; 197:332-349. [PMID: 34958666 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00158.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We present time and dose dependencies for the formation of 53BP1 and γH2AX DNA damage repair foci after chronic radiation exposure at dose rates of 140, 250 and 450 mGy/day from 3 to 96 h, in human and mouse repair proficient and ATM or DNA-PK deficient repair compromised cell models. We describe the time/dose-response curves using a mathematical equation which contains a linear component for the induction of DNA damage repair foci after irradiation, and an exponential component for their resolution. We show that under conditions of chronic irradiation at low and medium dose rates, the processes of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induction and repair establish an equilibrium, which in repair proficient cells manifests as a plateau-shaped dose-response where the plateau is reached within the first 24 h postirradiation, and its height is proportionate to the radiation dose rate. In contrast, in repair compromised cells, where the rate of repair may be exceeded by the DSB induction rate, DNA damage accumulates with time of exposure and total absorbed dose. In addition, we discuss the biological meaning of the observed dependencies by presenting the frequency of micronuclei formation under the same irradiation conditions as a marker of radiation-induced genomic instability. We believe that the data and analysis presented here shed light on the kinetics of DNA repair under chronic radiation and are useful for future studies in the low-to-medium dose rate range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena K Zaharieva
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Megumi Sasatani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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16
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Cui W, Zhang P, Hankey KG, Xiao M, Farese AM, MacVittie TJ. AEOL 10150 Alleviates Radiation-induced Innate Immune Responses in Non-human Primate Lung Tissue. HEALTH PHYSICS 2021; 121:331-344. [PMID: 34546215 PMCID: PMC8601036 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT To study the molecular and cellular mechanisms of radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) in a non-human primate model, Rhesus macaques were irradiated with lethal doses of radiation to the whole thorax. A subset of the irradiated animals was treated with AEOL 10150, a potent catalytic scavenger of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Lung tissues were collected at necropsy for molecular and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies. Microarray expression profiling in the irradiated lung tissues identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways important in innate immunity. The elevated expression of cytokines (CCL2, CCL11, IL-8), complement factors (CFB, C3), apoptosis-related molecules (p53, PTEN, Bax, p21, MDM2, c-Caspase 3), and adhesion molecules (fibronectin, integrin β6, ICAM-1) were further studied using real-time PCR, Western blot, or IHC. Oxidative stress and pulmonary inflammatory cell infiltration were increased in the irradiated lungs. Treatment with AEOL 10150 significantly decreased oxidative stress and monocyte/macrophage infiltration. Cytokine/chemokine-induced excessive innate immune response after thoracic irradiation plays an important role in RILI. To our knowledge, this is the first study to highlight the role of cytokine/chemokine-induced innate immune responses in radiation-induced pulmonary toxicity in a NHP model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchang Cui
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA 20889
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 21201
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA 20817
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 21201
| | - Kim G. Hankey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 21201
| | - Mang Xiao
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA 20889
| | - Ann M. Farese
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 21201
| | - Thomas J. MacVittie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 21201
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17
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Gorbunov NV, Kiang JG. Brain Damage and Patterns of Neurovascular Disorder after Ionizing Irradiation. Complications in Radiotherapy and Radiation Combined Injury. Radiat Res 2021; 196:1-16. [PMID: 33979447 PMCID: PMC8297540 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00147.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation, mechanical trauma, toxic chemicals or infections, or combinations thereof (i.e., combined injury) can induce organic injury to brain tissues, the structural disarrangement of interactive networks of neurovascular and glial cells, as well as on arrays of the paracrine and systemic destruction. This leads to subsequent decline in cognitive capacity and decompensation of mental health. There is an ongoing need for improvement in mitigating and treating radiation- or combined injury-induced brain injury. Cranial irradiation per se can cause a multifactorial encephalopathy that occurs in a radiation dose- and time-dependent manner due to differences in radiosensitivity among the various constituents of brain parenchyma and vasculature. Of particular concern are the radiosensitivity and inflammation susceptibility of: 1. the neurogenic and oligodendrogenic niches in the subependymal and hippocampal domains; and 2. the microvascular endothelium. Thus, cranial or total-body irradiation can cause a plethora of biochemical and cellular disorders in brain tissues, including: 1. decline in neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis; 2. impairment of the blood-brain barrier; and 3. ablation of vascular capillary. These changes, along with cerebrovascular inflammation, underlie different stages of encephalopathy, from the early protracted stage to the late delayed stage. It is evident that ionizing radiation combined with other traumatic insults such as penetrating wound, burn, blast, systemic infection and chemotherapy, among others, can exacerbate the radiation sequelae (and vice versa) with increasing severity of neurogenic and microvascular patterns of radiation brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliann G. Kiang
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
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18
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Henry DA, Bumpass DB, McCarthy RE. Delayed diagnosis of a flexion-distraction spinal injury and occult small bowel injury in a pediatric trauma patient: Importance of recognizing the abdominal "seatbelt sign". Trauma Case Rep 2021; 34:100499. [PMID: 34195340 PMCID: PMC8220554 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcr.2021.100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Spine trauma in the pediatric population can present with occult spinal and visceral injuries, presenting unique diagnostic challenges. Subtle imaging findings, as well as difficulty in patient participation with history and examination can contribute to a delayed or missed diagnosis. This in turn can be detrimental to recovery, leading to significant delay in care, additional morbidity, and cost. We present the case of an 11-year-old female patient with a delayed diagnosis of an unstable three-column lumbar spine injury as well as an occult small bowel injury that evaded diagnosis despite multiple hospitalizations and a plethora of imaging and treatment modalities. This led to several extended hospital stays and numerous interventions and surgeries to treat her injuries. We present this case to highlight the sequela of such an injury, and to broaden awareness across specialties of an injury pattern which requires a heightened index of suspicion to detect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick A Henry
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences/Arkansas Children's Hospital, United States of America
| | - David B Bumpass
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences/Arkansas Children's Hospital, United States of America
| | - Richard E McCarthy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences/Arkansas Children's Hospital, United States of America
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19
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Suzuki K, Amrenova A, Mitsutake N. Recent advances in radiobiology with respect to pleiotropic aspects of tissue reaction. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:i30-i35. [PMID: 33978178 PMCID: PMC8114206 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by ionizing radiation are the major cause of cell death, leading to tissue/organ injuries, which is a fundamental mechanism underlying the development of tissue reaction. Since unscheduled senescence, predominantly induced among epithelial tissues/organs, is one of the major modes of cell death in response to radiation exposure, its role in tissue reaction has been extensively studied, and it has become clear that senescence-mediated secretion of soluble factors is an indispensable component of the manifestation of tissue reaction. Recently, an unexpected link between cytoplasmic DSBs and innate immunity was discovered. The activation of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) results in the stimulation of the cGAS-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, which has been shown to regulate the transactivation of a variety of secretory factors that are the same as those secreted from senescent cells. Furthermore, it has been proven that cGAS-STING pathway also mediates execution of the senescence process by itself. Hence, an autocrine/paracrine feedback loop has been discussed in previous literature in relation to its effect on the tissue microenvironment. As the tissue microenvironment plays a crucial role in cancer development, tissue reaction could be involved in the late health effects caused by radiation exposure. In this paper, the novel findings in radiation biology, which should provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying radiation-induced carcinogenesis, are overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Atomic Bomb Disease Institute. 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Life Sciences and Radiation Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University. 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Aidana Amrenova
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Atomic Bomb Disease Institute. 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Life Sciences and Radiation Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University. 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Norisato Mitsutake
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Atomic Bomb Disease Institute. 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Life Sciences and Radiation Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University. 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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20
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Walsh L, Hafner L, Straube U, Ulanowski A, Fogtman A, Durante M, Weerts G, Schneider U. A bespoke health risk assessment methodology for the radiation protection of astronauts. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2021; 60:213-231. [PMID: 33929575 PMCID: PMC8116305 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-021-00910-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
An alternative approach that is particularly suitable for the radiation health risk assessment (HRA) of astronauts is presented. The quantity, Radiation Attributed Decrease of Survival (RADS), representing the cumulative decrease in the unknown survival curve at a certain attained age, due to the radiation exposure at an earlier age, forms the basis for this alternative approach. Results are provided for all solid cancer plus leukemia incidence RADS from estimated doses from theoretical radiation exposures accumulated during long-term missions to the Moon or Mars. For example, it is shown that a 1000-day Mars exploration mission with a hypothetical mission effective dose of 1.07 Sv at typical astronaut ages around 40 years old, will result in the probability of surviving free of all types of solid cancer and leukemia until retirement age (65 years) being reduced by 4.2% (95% CI 3.2; 5.3) for males and 5.8% (95% CI 4.8; 7.0) for females. RADS dose-responses are given, for the outcomes for incidence of all solid cancer, leukemia, lung and female breast cancer. Results showing how RADS varies with age at exposure, attained age and other factors are also presented. The advantages of this alternative approach, over currently applied methodologies for the long-term radiation protection of astronauts after mission exposures, are presented with example calculations applicable to European astronaut occupational HRA. Some tentative suggestions for new types of occupational risk limits for space missions are given while acknowledging that the setting of astronaut radiation-related risk limits will ultimately be decided by the Space Agencies. Suggestions are provided for further work which builds on and extends this new HRA approach, e.g., by eventually including non-cancer effects and detailed space dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Walsh
- Department of Physics, Science Faculty, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luana Hafner
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Straube
- Medical Operations and Space Medicine, HRE-OM, European Space Agency, ESA, European Astronaut Centre, EAC, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Ulanowski
- Present Address: Environment Laboratories, International Atomic Energy Agency, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Fogtman
- Medical Operations and Space Medicine, HRE-OM, European Space Agency, ESA, European Astronaut Centre, EAC, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marco Durante
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Guillaume Weerts
- Medical Operations and Space Medicine, HRE-OM, European Space Agency, ESA, European Astronaut Centre, EAC, Cologne, Germany
| | - Uwe Schneider
- Department of Physics, Science Faculty, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Radiotherapy Hirslanden, Witellikerstrasse 40, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Zaharieva E, Sasatani M, Matsumoto R, Kamiya K. Formation of DNA Damage Foci in Human and Mouse Primary Fibroblasts Chronically Exposed to Gamma Radiation at 0.1 mGy/min. Radiat Res 2021; 196:40-54. [PMID: 33857310 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00059.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Low-dose-rate radiation exposures and their associated cancer risk are an important concern for radiation protection today. Nevertheless, there is almost no data concerning DNA damage at dose rates below 0.1 mGy/min. In this study, we investigated the formation of DNA damage repair foci under chronic low-dose-rate irradiation relative to acute high-dose-rate irradiation and assessed the magnitude of the dose-rate effect. Four human and four mouse normal fibroblast cell models from different organs were subjected to gamma irradiation at 0.096 mGy/min or 0.81 Gy/min, and dose-response curves were established for the dose range from 0.1 to 0.8 Gy. The results indicate that prolonged low-dose-rate exposures cause modestly increased levels of DNA repair foci, with a strongly supralinear dose-response relationship, where 40-70% of the radiation effect at 1 Gy was already present at the total dose of 0.1 Gy. Thus, compared to acute irradiation, low-dose-rate exposure was 6-9 times less efficient at a total dose of 0.1 Gy, and 10-20 times less efficient at 1 Gy. Comparison between cell models revealed a certain correlation between the presence of persistent, above-background foci at 48 h after irradiation and the sensitivity to low-dose-rate radiation, suggesting that repair capacity plays an important role in the cellular response to chronic irradiation. Given the findings reported here, we propose that establishing detailed dose-response curves and accounting for the repair rates of different cell models are essential steps in elucidating dose-rate effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zaharieva
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Megumi Sasatani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryoga Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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22
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Pallares RM, An DD, Deblonde GJP, Kullgren B, Gauny SS, Jarvis EE, Abergel RJ. Efficient discrimination of transplutonium actinides by in vivo models. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5295-5301. [PMID: 34168780 PMCID: PMC8179619 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06610a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplutonium actinides are among the heaviest elements whose macroscale chemical properties can be experimentally tested. Being scarce and hazardous, their chemistry is rather unexplored, and they have traditionally been considered a rather homogeneous group, with most of their characteristics extrapolated from lanthanide surrogates. Newly emerged applications for these elements, combined with their persistent presence in nuclear waste, however, call for a better understanding of their behavior in complex living systems. In this work, we explored the biodistribution and excretion profiles of four transplutonium actinides (248Cm, 249Bk, 249Cf and 253Es) in a small animal model, and evaluated their in vivo sequestration and decorporation by two therapeutic chelators, diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid and 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO). Notably, the organ deposition patterns of those transplutonium actinides were element-dependent, particularly in the liver and skeleton, where lower atomic number radionuclides showed up to 7-fold larger liver/skeleton accumulation ratios. Nevertheless, the metal content in multiple organs was significantly decreased for all tested actinides, particularly in the liver, after administering the therapeutic agent 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) post-contamination. Lastly, the systematic comparison of the radionuclide biodistributions showed discernibly element-dependent organ depositions, which may provide insights into design rules for new bio-inspired chelating systems with high sequestration and separation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger M Pallares
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Dahlia D An
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Gauthier J-P Deblonde
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Physical and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore CA 94550 USA
| | - Birgitta Kullgren
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Stacey S Gauny
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Erin E Jarvis
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Rebecca J Abergel
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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23
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Leuraud K, Richardson DB, Cardis E, Daniels RD, Gillies M, Haylock R, Moissonnier M, Schubauer-Berigan MK, Thierry-Chef I, Kesminiene A, Laurier D. Risk of cancer associated with low-dose radiation exposure: comparison of results between the INWORKS nuclear workers study and the A-bomb survivors study. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2021; 60:23-39. [PMID: 33479781 PMCID: PMC7902587 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-020-00890-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The Life Span Study (LSS) of Japanese atomic bomb survivors has served as the primary basis for estimates of radiation-related disease risks that inform radiation protection standards. The long-term follow-up of radiation-monitored nuclear workers provides estimates of radiation-cancer associations that complement findings from the LSS. Here, a comparison of radiation-cancer mortality risk estimates derived from the LSS and INWORKS, a large international nuclear worker study, is presented. Restrictions were made, so that the two study populations were similar with respect to ages and periods of exposure, leading to selection of 45,625 A-bomb survivors and 259,350 nuclear workers. For solid cancer, excess relative rates (ERR) per gray (Gy) were 0.28 (90% CI 0.18; 0.38) in the LSS, and 0.29 (90% CI 0.07; 0.53) in INWORKS. A joint analysis of the data allowed for a formal assessment of heterogeneity of the ERR per Gy across the two studies (P = 0.909), with minimal evidence of curvature or of a modifying effect of attained age, age at exposure, or sex in either study. There was evidence in both cohorts of modification of the excess absolute risk (EAR) of solid cancer by attained age, with a trend of increasing EAR per Gy with attained age. For leukemia, under a simple linear model, the ERR per Gy was 2.75 (90% CI 1.73; 4.21) in the LSS and 3.15 (90% CI 1.12; 5.72) in INWORKS, with evidence of curvature in the association across the range of dose observed in the LSS but not in INWORKS; the EAR per Gy was 3.54 (90% CI 2.30; 5.05) in the LSS and 2.03 (90% CI 0.36; 4.07) in INWORKS. These findings from different study populations may help understanding of radiation risks, with INWORKS contributing information derived from cohorts of workers with protracted low dose-rate exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klervi Leuraud
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - David B Richardson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert D Daniels
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Gillies
- Public Health England Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (PHE-CRCE), Chilton, UK
| | - Richard Haylock
- Public Health England Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (PHE-CRCE), Chilton, UK
| | | | | | - Isabelle Thierry-Chef
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Dominique Laurier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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24
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Kumari N, Raghavan SC. G-quadruplex DNA structures and their relevance in radioprotection. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129857. [PMID: 33508382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA, the genetic material of most of the organisms, is the crucial element of life. Integrity of DNA needs to be maintained for transmission of genetic material from one generation to another. All organisms are constantly challenged by the environmental conditions which can lead to the induction of DNA damage. Ionizing radiation (IR) has been known to induce DNA damage and IR sensitivity varies among different organisms. The causes for differential radiosensitivity among various organisms have not been studied in great detail. SCOPE OF REVIEW We discuss DNA secondary structure formation, GC content of the genome, role of G-quadruplex formation, and its relationship with radiosensitivity of the genome. MAJOR CONCLUSION In Deinococcus radiodurans, the bacterium that exhibits maximum radio resistance, multiple G-quadruplex forming motifs are reported. In human cells, G-quadruplex formation led to differential radiosensitivity. In this article, we have discussed, the role of secondary DNA structure formation like G-quadruplex in shielding the genome from radiation and its implications in understanding evolution of radio protective effect of an organism. We also discuss role of GC content and its correlation with radio resistance. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This review provides an insight into the role of G-quadruplexes in providing differential radiosensitivity at different site of the genome and in different organisms. It further discusses the possibility of higher GC content contributing towards reduced radiosensitivity in different organisms, evolution of radiosensitivity, and regulation of multiple cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sathees C Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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25
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Huang Y, Wan Q, Chen Z, Hu Z, Cheng G, Qi Y. An iterative reconstruction method for sparse-projection data for low-dose CT. JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 29:797-812. [PMID: 34366362 DOI: 10.3233/xst-210906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reducing X-ray radiation is beneficial for reducing the risk of cancer in patients. There are two main approaches for achieving this goal namely, one is to reduce the X-ray current, and another is to apply sparse-view protocols to do image scanning and projections. However, these techniques usually lead to degradation of the reconstructed image quality, resulting in excessive noise and severe edge artifacts, which seriously affect the diagnosis result. In order to overcome such limitation, this study proposes and tests an algorithm based on guided kernel filtering. The algorithm combines the characteristics of anisotropic edges between adjacent image voxels, expresses the relevant weights with an exponential function, and adjusts the weights adaptively through local gray gradients to better preserve the image structure while suppressing noise information. Experiments show that the proposed method can effectively suppress noise and preserve the image structure. Comparing with similar algorithms, the proposed algorithm greatly improves the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity (SSIM), and root mean square error (RMSE) of the reconstructed image. The proposed algorithm has the best effect in quantitative analysis, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method and good image reconstruction performance. Overall, this study demonstrates that the proposed method can reduce the number of projections required for repeated CT scans and has potential for medical applications in reducing radiation doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
- Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Wan
- Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zixiang Chen
- Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhanli Hu
- Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guanxun Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yulong Qi
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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26
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Uchinomiya K, Yoshida K, Kondo M, Tomita M, Iwasaki T. A Mathematical Model for Stem Cell Competition to Maintain a Cell Pool Injured by Radiation. Radiat Res 2020; 194:379-389. [PMID: 32936901 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00034.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The effect of low-dose-rate exposure to ionizing radiation on cancer risk is a major issue associated with radiation protection. Tissue stem cells are regarded as one of the targets of radiation-induced carcinogenesis. However, it is hypothesized that the effect of radiation may be reduced if damaged stem cells are eliminated via stem cell competition between damaged and intact stem cells. This would be particularly effective under very low-dose-rate conditions, in which only a few stem cells in a stem cell pool may be affected by radiation. Following this hypothesis, we constructed a simple mathematical model to discuss the influence of stem cell competition attenuating the accumulation of damaged cells under very low-dose-rate conditions. In this model, a constant number of cells were introduced into a cell pool, and the numbers of intact and damaged cells were calculated via transition and turnover events. A transition event emulates radiation dose, whereby an intact cell is changed into a damaged cell with a given probability. On the other hand, a turnover event expresses cell competition, where reproduction and elimination of cells occur depending on the properties of cells. Under very low-dose-rate conditions, this model showed that radiation damage to the stem cell pool was strongly suppressed when the damaged cells were less reproductive and tended to be eliminated compared to the intact cells. Furthermore, the size of the stem cell pool was positively correlated with reduction in radiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Uchinomiya
- Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yoshida
- Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kondo
- Integrated Macroscopic Simulation Team, Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masanori Tomita
- Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Iwasaki
- Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Olofsson D, Cheng L, Fernández RB, Płódowska M, Riego ML, Akuwudike P, Lisowska H, Lundholm L, Wojcik A. Biological effectiveness of very high gamma dose rate and its implication for radiological protection. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2020; 59:451-460. [PMID: 32488310 PMCID: PMC7368856 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-020-00852-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Many experimental studies are carried out to compare biological effectiveness of high dose rate (HDR) with that of low dose rate (LDR). The rational for this is the uncertainty regarding the value of the dose rate effectiveness factor (DREF) used in radiological protection. While a LDR is defined as 0.1 mGy/min or lower, anything above that is seen as HDR. In cell and animal experiments, a dose rate around 1 Gy/min is usually used as representative for HDR. However, atomic bomb survivors, the reference cohort for radiological protection, were exposed to tens of Gy/min. The important question is whether gamma radiation delivered at very high dose rate (VHDR-several Gy/min) is more effective in inducing DNA damage than that delivered at HDR. The aim of this investigation was to compare the biological effectiveness of gamma radiation delivered at VHDR (8.25 Gy/min) with that of HDR (0.38 Gy/min or 0.79 Gy/min). Experiments were carried out with human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the human osteosarcoma cell line U2OS. Endpoints related to DNA damage response were analysed. The results show that in PBMC, VHDR is more effective than HDR in inducing gene expression and micronuclei. In U2OS cells, the repair of 53BP1 foci was delayed after VHDR indicating a higher level of damage complexity, but no VHDR effect was observed at the level of micronuclei and clonogenic cell survival. We suggest that the DREF value may be underestimated when the biological effectiveness of HDR and LDR is compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante Olofsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rubén Barrios Fernández
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Płódowska
- Department of Radiobiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Milagrosa López Riego
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pamela Akuwudike
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Halina Lisowska
- Department of Radiobiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Lovisa Lundholm
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Radiobiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
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28
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Rühm W, Harrison RM. High CT doses return to the agenda. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2020; 59:3-7. [PMID: 31844985 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-019-00827-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W Rühm
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Radiation Therapy, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany.
| | - R M Harrison
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, UK
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29
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Rühm W, Breckow J, Dietze G, Friedl A, Greinert R, Jacob P, Kistinger S, Michel R, Müller WU, Otten H, Streffer C, Weiss W. Dose limits for occupational exposure to ionising radiation and genotoxic carcinogens: a German perspective. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2020; 59:9-27. [PMID: 31677018 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-019-00817-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper summarises the view of the German Commission on Radiological Protection ("Strahlenschutzkommission", SSK) on the rationale behind the currently valid dose limits and dose constraints for workers recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The paper includes a discussion of the reasoning behind current dose limits followed by a discussion of the detriment used by ICRP as a measure for stochastic health effects. Studies on radiation-induced cancer are reviewed because this endpoint represents the most important contribution to detriment. Recent findings on radiation-induced circulatory disease that are currently not included in detriment calculation are also reviewed. It appeared that for detriment calculations the contribution of circulatory diseases plays only a secondary role, although the uncertainties involved in their risk estimates are considerable. These discussions are complemented by a review of the procedures currently in use in Germany, or in discussion elsewhere, to define limits for genotoxic carcinogens. To put these concepts in perspective, actual occupational radiation exposures are exemplified with data from Germany, for the year 2012, and regulations in Germany are compared to the recommendations issued by ICRP. Conclusions include, among others, considerations on radiation protection concepts currently in use and recommendations of the SSK on the limitation of annual effective dose and effective dose cumulated over a whole working life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Rühm
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Radiation Therapy, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany.
| | | | - Günter Dietze
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anna Friedl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Peter Jacob
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Heinz Otten
- Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung, Berlin, Germany
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30
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Walsh L, Schneider U. Effect of Heterogeneity in Background Incidence on Inference about the Solid-Cancer Radiation Dose Response in Atomic Bomb Survivors by Cologne et al., Radiat Res 2019; 192:388–398. Radiat Res 2020; 193:195-197. [DOI: 10.1667/rrlte7.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Walsh
- Department of Physics, Science Faculty, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Schneider
- Department of Physics, Science Faculty, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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31
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Zhang W, Laurier D, Cléro E, Hamada N, Preston D, Vaillant L, Ban N. Sensitivity analysis of parameters and methodological choices used in calculation of radiation detriment for solid cancer. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:596-605. [PMID: 31914349 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1708499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Radiation detriment is a concept used by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) to quantify the harmful health effects of radiation exposure in humans. The current approach of radiation detriment calculation has been defined in ICRP Publication 103 in 2007. It is determined from lifetime risk of cancer and heritable effects for a composite reference population, taking into account the severity of the disease in terms of lethality, quality of life and years of life lost. Many parameters are used in the calculations and the variation of these parameters can have effects on the cancer detriment, which needs to be investigated.Materials and methods: In this paper, we conducted a sensitivity analysis for examining the impact of 12 different parameters or methodological choices on the calculation of solid cancer detriment, such as the lifetime risk calculation method, survival curve, dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF), age-at-exposure, sex, reference population, risk transfer model, latency, attained age, lethality, minimum quality of life factor and relative cancer-free life lost. Sensitivity calculations have been performed systematically for each of 10 solid cancer sites, by changing each one of the parameters in turn.Results: This sensitivity analysis demonstrated a large impact on estimated detriment from DDREF, age-at-exposure, sex and lethality, a noticeable impact of risk transfer model associated to variation of baseline rates, and a limited impact of risk calculation method, survival curve, latency, attained age, quality of life and relative years of life lost.Conclusion: These results could have implications for radiation protection standards, and they should help define priorities for future research in the field of low radiation dose and dose rate research. The present sensitivity analysis is part of a global effort of ICRP to review the bases of radiation detriment calculation and assess potential evolutions to improve the radiation protection system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Oxon, UK
| | - Dominique Laurier
- Health and Environmental Division, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Enora Cléro
- Health and Environmental Division, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dale Preston
- Hirosoft International Corporation, Eureka, CA, USA
| | - Ludovic Vaillant
- Centre d'etude sur l'Evaluation de la Protection dans le domaine Nucleaire (CEPN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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32
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Son B, Lee S, Kim H, Kang H, Kim J, Youn H, Nam SY, Youn B. Low dose radiation attenuates inflammation and promotes wound healing in a mouse burn model. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 96:81-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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The Impact of Dose Rate on DNA Double-Strand Break Formation and Repair in Human Lymphocytes Exposed to Fast Neutron Irradiation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215350. [PMID: 31661782 PMCID: PMC6862539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of information on how biological systems respond to low-dose and low dose-rate exposures makes it difficult to accurately assess the carcinogenic risks. This is of critical importance to space radiation, which remains a serious concern for long-term manned space exploration. In this study, the γ-H2AX foci assay was used to follow DNA double-strand break (DSB) induction and repair following exposure to neutron irradiation, which is produced as secondary radiation in the space environment. Human lymphocytes were exposed to high dose-rate (HDR: 0.400 Gy/min) and low dose-rate (LDR: 0.015 Gy/min) p(66)/Be(40) neutrons. DNA DSB induction was investigated 30 min post exposure to neutron doses ranging from 0.125 to 2 Gy. Repair kinetics was studied at different time points after a 1 Gy neutron dose. Our results indicated that γ-H2AX foci formation was 40% higher at HDR exposure compared to LDR exposure. The maximum γ-H2AX foci levels decreased gradually to 1.65 ± 0.64 foci/cell (LDR) and 1.29 ± 0.45 (HDR) at 24 h postirradiation, remaining significantly higher than background levels. This illustrates a significant effect of dose rate on neutron-induced DNA damage. While no significant difference was observed in residual DNA damage after 24 h, the DSB repair half-life of LDR exposure was slower than that of HDR exposure. The results give a first indication that the dose rate should be taken into account for cancer risk estimations related to neutrons.
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Barjaktarovic Z, Merl-Pham J, Braga-Tanaka I, Tanaka S, Hauck SM, Saran A, Mancuso M, Atkinson MJ, Tapio S, Azimzadeh O. Hyperacetylation of Cardiac Mitochondrial Proteins Is Associated with Metabolic Impairment and Sirtuin Downregulation after Chronic Total Body Irradiation of ApoE -/- Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205239. [PMID: 31652604 PMCID: PMC6829468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Alteration in energy metabolism has been suggested to contribute to radiation-induced heart pathology, mitochondrial dysfunction being a hallmark of this disease. The goal of this study was to investigate the regulatory role of acetylation in heart mitochondria in the long-term response to chronic radiation. ApoE-deficient C57Bl/6J mice were exposed to low-dose-rate (20 mGy/day) gamma radiation for 300 days, resulting in a cumulative total body dose of 6.0 Gy. Heart mitochondria were isolated and analyzed using quantitative proteomics. Radiation-induced proteome and acetylome alterations were further validated using immunoblotting, enzyme activity assays, and ELISA. In total, 71 proteins showed peptides with a changed acetylation status following irradiation. The great majority (94%) of the hyperacetylated proteins were involved in the TCA cycle, fatty acid oxidation, oxidative stress response and sirtuin pathway. The elevated acetylation patterns coincided with reduced activity of mitochondrial sirtuins, increased the level of Acetyl-CoA, and were accompanied by inactivation of major cardiac metabolic regulators PGC-1 alpha and PPAR alpha. These observations suggest that the changes in mitochondrial acetylation after irradiation is associated with impairment of heart metabolism. We propose a novel mechanism involved in the development of late cardiac damage following chronic irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarko Barjaktarovic
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices of Montenegro, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro.
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 80939 München, Germany.
| | | | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Institute for Environmental Sciences (IES), Rokkasho, Aomori 039-3213, Japan.
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 80939 München, Germany.
| | - Anna Saran
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), 76 00196 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mariateresa Mancuso
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), 76 00196 Rome, Italy.
| | - Michael J Atkinson
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Chair of Radiation Biology, Technical University Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany.
| | - Soile Tapio
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Omid Azimzadeh
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Cléro E, Vaillant L, Hamada N, Zhang W, Preston D, Laurier D, Ban N. History of radiation detriment and its calculation methodology used in ICRP Publication 103. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2019; 39:R19-R36. [PMID: 31189142 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ab294a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has used radiation detriment, which is a multidimensional concept to quantify the overall harm to health from stochastic effects of low-level radiation exposure of different parts of the body. Each tissue-specific detriment is determined from the nominal tissue-specific risk coefficient, weighted by the severity of the disease in terms of lethality, impact on quality of life and years of life lost. Total detriment is the sum of the detriments for separate tissues and organs. Tissue weighting factors for the calculation of effective dose are based on relative contributions of each tissue to the total detriment. Calculating radiation detriment is a complex process that requires information from various sources and judgements on how to achieve calculations. As such, it is important to document its calculation methodology. To improve the traceability of calculations and form a solid basis for future recommendations, the ICRP Task Group 102 on detriment calculation methodology was established in 2016. As part of its mission, the history of radiation detriment was reviewed, and the process of detriment calculation was detailed. This article summarises that work, aiming to clarify the methodology of detriment calculation currently used by ICRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enora Cléro
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Health and Environment Division, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Yamauchi K, Ono T, Ayabe Y, Hisamatsu S, Yoneya M, Tsutsumi Y, Komura JI. Life-Shortening Effect of Chronic Low-Dose-Rate Irradiation in Calorie-Restricted Mice. Radiat Res 2019; 192:451-455. [PMID: 31390311 DOI: 10.1667/rr15385.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction is known to influence several physiological processes and to alleviate the late effects of radiation exposure such as neoplasm induction and life shortening. However, earlier related studies were limited to acute radiation exposure. Therefore, in this study we examined the influence of chronic low-dose-rate irradiation on lifespan. Young male B6C3F1/Jcl mice were divided randomly into two groups, which were fed either a low-calorie (65 kcal/ week) or high-calorie (95 kcal/week) diet. The latter is comparable to ad libitum feeding. The animals in the irradiated group were continuously exposed to gamma rays for 400 days at 20 mGy/day, resulting in a total dose of 8 Gy. Exposure and calorie restriction were initiated at 8 weeks of age and the diets were maintained for life. The life-shortening effects from chronic whole-body irradiation were compared between the groups. Body weights were reduced in calorie-restricted mice irrespective of radiation treatment. Radiation induced a shortened median lifespan in both groups, but to a greater extent in the calorie-restricted mice. These results suggest that calorie restriction may sensitize mice to chronic low-dose-rate radiation exposure to produce a life-shortening effect rather than alleviating the effects of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoshiko Ayabe
- Departments of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori, Japan
| | - Shun'ichi Hisamatsu
- Departments of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Tsutsumi
- Departments of Tohoku Environmental Science Service Corporation, 330-2, Noduki, Obuchi, Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori, Japan
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Hancock S, Vo NTK, Byun SH, Zainullin VG, Seymour CB, Mothersill C. Effects of historic radiation dose on the frequency of sex-linked recessive lethals in Drosophila populations following the Chernobyl nuclear accident. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 172:333-337. [PMID: 30825683 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Contrary to the effects of high doses of radiation, the effects of low doses of radiation are still being investigated. Low doses and their non-targeted effects in particular are of special interest for researchers. The accident that occurred at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) gives researchers the opportunity to view these effects outside of a laboratory environment. For this paper, the relationship between low historic radiation doses and the persistent genetic damage observed in populations of fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) around the Chernobyl NPP over 3 years will be investigated. Data from Zainullin et al. (1992) on the frequency of sex-linked recessive lethals (SLRLs) in D. melanogaster around the Chernobyl NPP. To calculate the absorbed historic external dose, a method based on the Gaussian plume model was used to find the external dose from both plume shine and ground shine. The dose attributed to the ground shine dose made a greater contribution to the overall absorbed external historic radiation dose than the plume shine dose. For earlier generations of Drosophila living in the radioactive contaminated sites, the SLRL frequencies appeared to correlate with the dose in a linear no-threshold relationship. The later descendent generations appeared to have developed a radio-adaptive-like response. This work contributes to the understanding of historic dose effects on wildlife health following the accidental release of high mount of radioactive materials into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Hancock
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nguyen T K Vo
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Soo Hyun Byun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vladimir G Zainullin
- Department of Radioecology, Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Science, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Colin B Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carmel Mothersill
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Schofield PN, Kulka U, Tapio S, Grosche B. Big data in radiation biology and epidemiology; an overview of the historical and contemporary landscape of data and biomaterial archives. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:861-878. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1589026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul N. Schofield
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ulrike Kulka
- Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Soile Tapio
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
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39
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Jargin SV. Studies of radiation risk at low doses and low dose rates: a new approach needed. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:1073-1074. [PMID: 30273088 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1524991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Jargin
- a Peoples' Friendship University of Russia , Moscow , Russian Federation
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