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Wang J, Guo X, Chen Y, Liu T, Zhu J, Xu S, Vierling E. Maternal nitric oxide homeostasis impacts female gametophyte development under optimal and stress conditions. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2201-2218. [PMID: 38376990 PMCID: PMC11132896 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
In adverse environments, the number of fertilizable female gametophytes (FGs) in plants is reduced, leading to increased survival of the remaining offspring. How the maternal plant perceives internal growth cues and external stress conditions to alter FG development remains largely unknown. We report that homeostasis of the stress signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in controlling FG development under both optimal and stress conditions. NO homeostasis is precisely regulated by S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR). Prior to fertilization, GSNOR protein is exclusively accumulated in sporophytic tissues and indirectly controls FG development in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In GSNOR null mutants, NO species accumulated in the degenerating sporophytic nucellus, and auxin efflux into the developing FG was restricted, which inhibited FG development, resulting in reduced fertility. Importantly, restoring GSNOR expression in maternal, but not gametophytic tissues, or increasing auxin efflux substrate significantly increased the proportion of normal FGs and fertility. Furthermore, GSNOR overexpression or added auxin efflux substrate increased fertility under drought and salt stress. These data indicate that NO homeostasis is critical to normal auxin transport and maternal control of FG development, which in turn determine seed yield. Understanding this aspect of fertility control could contribute to mediating yield loss under adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Yazhou, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xiaolong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yijin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tianxiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jianchu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shengbao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Elizabeth Vierling
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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2
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Jackwerth K, Biella P, Klečka J. Pollen thermotolerance of a widespread plant, Lotus corniculatus, in response to climate warming: possible local adaptation of populations from different elevations. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17148. [PMID: 38708360 PMCID: PMC11067902 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the most vulnerable phases in the plant life cycle is sexual reproduction, which depends on effective pollen transfer, but also on the thermotolerance of pollen grains. Pollen thermotolerance is temperature-dependent and may be reduced by increasing temperature associated with global warming. A growing body of research has focused on the effect of increased temperature on pollen thermotolerance in crops to understand the possible impact of temperature extremes on yield. Yet, little is known about the effects of temperature on pollen thermotolerance of wild plant species. To fill this gap, we selected Lotus corniculatus s.l. (Fabaceae), a species common to many European habitats and conducted laboratory experiments to test its pollen thermotolerance in response to artificial increase in temperature. To test for possible local adaptation of pollen thermal tolerance, we compared data from six lowland (389-451 m a.s.l.) and six highland (841-1,030 m a.s.l.) populations. We observed pollen germination in vitro at 15 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, and 40 °C. While lowland plants maintained a stable germination percentage across a broad temperature range (15-30 °C) and exhibited reduced germination only at extremely high temperatures (40 °C), highland plants experienced reduced germination even at 30 °C-temperatures commonly exceeded in lowlands during warm summers. This suggests that lowland populations of L. corniculatus may be locally adapted to higher temperature for pollen germination. On the other hand, pollen tube length decreased with increasing temperature in a similar way in lowland and highland plants. The overall average pollen germination percentage significantly differed between lowland and highland populations, with highland populations displaying higher germination percentage. On the other hand, the average pollen tube length was slightly smaller in highland populations. In conclusion, we found that pollen thermotolerance of L. corniculatus is reduced at high temperature and that the germination of pollen from plant populations growing at higher elevations is more sensitive to increased temperature, which suggests possible local adaptation of pollen thermotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolína Jackwerth
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Paolo Biella
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Jan Klečka
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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3
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Djalovic I, Kundu S, Bahuguna RN, Pareek A, Raza A, Singla-Pareek SL, Prasad PVV, Varshney RK. Maize and heat stress: Physiological, genetic, and molecular insights. THE PLANT GENOME 2024; 17:e20378. [PMID: 37587553 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Global mean temperature is increasing at a rapid pace due to the rapid emission of greenhouse gases majorly from anthropogenic practices and predicted to rise up to 1.5°C above the pre-industrial level by the year 2050. The warming climate is affecting global crop production by altering biochemical, physiological, and metabolic processes resulting in poor growth, development, and reduced yield. Maize is susceptible to heat stress, particularly at the reproductive and early grain filling stages. Interestingly, heat stress impact on crops is closely regulated by associated environmental covariables such as humidity, vapor pressure deficit, soil moisture content, and solar radiation. Therefore, heat stress tolerance is considered as a complex trait, which requires multiple levels of regulations in plants. Exploring genetic diversity from landraces and wild accessions of maize is a promising approach to identify novel donors, traits, quantitative trait loci (QTLs), and genes, which can be introgressed into the elite cultivars. Indeed, genome wide association studies (GWAS) for mining of potential QTL(s) and dominant gene(s) is a major route of crop improvement. Conversely, mutation breeding is being utilized for generating variation in existing populations with narrow genetic background. Besides breeding approaches, augmented production of heat shock factors (HSFs) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been reported in transgenic maize to provide heat stress tolerance. Recent advancements in molecular techniques including clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) would expedite the process for developing thermotolerant maize genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Djalovic
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sayanta Kundu
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | | | - Ashwani Pareek
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ali Raza
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular and Cell Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - P V Vara Prasad
- Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Sustainable Intensification, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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4
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Janni M, Maestri E, Gullì M, Marmiroli M, Marmiroli N. Plant responses to climate change, how global warming may impact on food security: a critical review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1297569. [PMID: 38250438 PMCID: PMC10796516 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1297569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Global agricultural production must double by 2050 to meet the demands of an increasing world human population but this challenge is further exacerbated by climate change. Environmental stress, heat, and drought are key drivers in food security and strongly impacts on crop productivity. Moreover, global warming is threatening the survival of many species including those which we rely on for food production, forcing migration of cultivation areas with further impoverishing of the environment and of the genetic variability of crop species with fall out effects on food security. This review considers the relationship of climatic changes and their bearing on sustainability of natural and agricultural ecosystems, as well as the role of omics-technologies, genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, phenomics and ionomics. The use of resource saving technologies such as precision agriculture and new fertilization technologies are discussed with a focus on their use in breeding plants with higher tolerance and adaptability and as mitigation tools for global warming and climate changes. Nevertheless, plants are exposed to multiple stresses. This study lays the basis for the proposition of a novel research paradigm which is referred to a holistic approach and that went beyond the exclusive concept of crop yield, but that included sustainability, socio-economic impacts of production, commercialization, and agroecosystem management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Janni
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Maestri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Interdepartmental Centers SITEIA.PARMA and CIDEA, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Mariolina Gullì
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Interdepartmental Centers SITEIA.PARMA and CIDEA, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marta Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Interdepartmental Centers SITEIA.PARMA and CIDEA, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per le Scienze Ambientali (CINSA) Interuniversity Consortium for Environmental Sciences, Parma/Venice, Italy
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5
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Benitez-Alfonso Y, Soanes BK, Zimba S, Sinanaj B, German L, Sharma V, Bohra A, Kolesnikova A, Dunn JA, Martin AC, Khashi U Rahman M, Saati-Santamaría Z, García-Fraile P, Ferreira EA, Frazão LA, Cowling WA, Siddique KHM, Pandey MK, Farooq M, Varshney RK, Chapman MA, Boesch C, Daszkowska-Golec A, Foyer CH. Enhancing climate change resilience in agricultural crops. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R1246-R1261. [PMID: 38052178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Climate change threatens global food and nutritional security through negative effects on crop growth and agricultural productivity. Many countries have adopted ambitious climate change mitigation and adaptation targets that will exacerbate the problem, as they require significant changes in current agri-food systems. In this review, we provide a roadmap for improved crop production that encompasses the effective transfer of current knowledge into plant breeding and crop management strategies that will underpin sustainable agriculture intensification and climate resilience. We identify the main problem areas and highlight outstanding questions and potential solutions that can be applied to mitigate the impacts of climate change on crop growth and productivity. Although translation of scientific advances into crop production lags far behind current scientific knowledge and technology, we consider that a holistic approach, combining disciplines in collaborative efforts, can drive better connections between research, policy, and the needs of society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beth K Soanes
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sibongile Zimba
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Horticulture Department, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Besiana Sinanaj
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Liam German
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Vinay Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India
| | - Abhishek Bohra
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Anastasia Kolesnikova
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Jessica A Dunn
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Institute for Sustainable Food, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Azahara C Martin
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS-CSIC), Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Muhammad Khashi U Rahman
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Villamayor de la Armuña 37185, Spain
| | - Zaki Saati-Santamaría
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Villamayor de la Armuña 37185, Spain; Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paula García-Fraile
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Villamayor de la Armuña 37185, Spain
| | - Evander A Ferreira
- Institute of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Universitária 1000, 39404547, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leidivan A Frazão
- Institute of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Universitária 1000, 39404547, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wallace A Cowling
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Manish K Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Mark A Chapman
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Christine Boesch
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Agata Daszkowska-Golec
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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6
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Kaziuk FD, Furlanetto ALDDM, Dos Santos ALW, Floh EIS, Donatti L, Merlin Rocha ME, Fortes F, Martinez GR, Cadena SMSC. The metabolic response of Araucaria angustifolia embryogenic cells to heat stress is associated with their maturation potential. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:1010-1027. [PMID: 37743049 DOI: 10.1071/fp22272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Araucaria angustifolia is a critically endangered species and its distribution can be affected by an increase in temperature. In this study, we evaluated the effects of heat stress (30°C) on Araucaria angustifolia cell lines responsive (SE1) and non-responsive (SE6) to the development of somatic embryos. The viability of both cell lines was reduced by heat stress and mitochondria were the organelles most affected. Heat stress for 24h increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in SE1 cells, followed by a reduction at 48 and 72h. In SE6 cells, an increase occurred after 24 and 48h of stress, returning to control levels at 72h. H2 O2 levels were increased after 24h for both SE1 and SE6 cells, being higher for SE6. Interestingly, at 48 and 72h, H2 O2 levels decreased in SE1 cells, while in SE6, the values returned to the control levels. The respiration of SE6 cells in the presence of oxidisable substrates was inhibited by heat stress, in agreement with the high lipid peroxidation levels. The AaSERK1 gene was identified in both cultures, with greater expression in the SE1 line. Heat stress for 24 and 48h increased gene expression only in this cell line. The activity of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and enzymes of the glutathione/ascorbate cycle was increased in both cell lines subjected to heat stress. Catalase activity was increased only in SE6 cells at 72h of exposure. These results show that responsive SE1 cells can modulate ROS levels more efficiently than SE6 when these cells are stressed by heat. This ability may be related to the maturation capacity of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Diego Kaziuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lucelia Donatti
- Department of Cellular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Eliane Merlin Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Fortes
- Department of Biology, State University of Paraná, União da Vitória, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Regina Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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7
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Abro AA, Anwar M, Javwad MU, Zhang M, Liu F, Jiménez-Ballesta R, Salama EA, Ahmed MA. Morphological and physio-biochemical responses under heat stress in cotton: Overview. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 40:e00813. [PMID: 37859996 PMCID: PMC10582760 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is an important cash crop in addition to being a fiber commodity, and it plays an essential part in the economies of numerous nations. High temperature is the most critical element affecting its yield from fertilization to harvest. The optimal temperature for root formation is 30 C -35 °C; however, root development ends around 40 °C. Increased temperature, in particular, influences different biochemical and physiological processes associated with cotton plant, resulting in low seed cotton production. Many studies in various agroecological zones used various agronomic strategies and contemporary breeding techniques to reduce heat stress and improve cotton productivity. To attain desired traits, cotton breeders should investigate all potential possibilities, such as generating superior cultivars by traditional breeding, employing molecular techniques and transgenic methods, such as using genome editing techniques. The main objective of this review is to provide the recent information on the environmental factors, such as temperature, heat and drought, influence the growth and development, morphology and physio-chemical alteration associated with cotton. Furthermore, recent advancement in cotton breeding to combat the serious threat of drought and heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Ali Abro
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Muhammad Anwar
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Muhammad Umer Javwad
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Mjie Zhang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, China/National Nanfan, Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, China/National Nanfan, Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572025, China
| | | | - Ehab A. A. Salama
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641003, India
- Agricultural Botany Department (Genetics), Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. A. Ahmed
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture - Medicinal and Aromatic Plants), Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
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8
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Liu M, Zhou Y, Sun J, Mao F, Yao Q, Li B, Wang Y, Gao Y, Dong X, Liao S, Wang P, Huang S. From the floret to the canopy: High temperature tolerance during flowering. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100629. [PMID: 37226443 PMCID: PMC10721465 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Heat waves induced by climate warming have become common in food-producing regions worldwide, frequently coinciding with high temperature (HT)-sensitive stages of many crops and thus threatening global food security. Understanding the HT sensitivity of reproductive organs is currently of great interest for increasing seed set. The responses of seed set to HT involve multiple processes in both male and female reproductive organs, but we currently lack an integrated and systematic summary of these responses for the world's three leading food crops (rice, wheat, and maize). In the present work, we define the critical high temperature thresholds for seed set in rice (37.2°C ± 0.2°C), wheat (27.3°C ± 0.5°C), and maize (37.9°C ± 0.4°C) during flowering. We assess the HT sensitivity of these three cereals from the microspore stage to the lag period, including effects of HT on flowering dynamics, floret growth and development, pollination, and fertilization. Our review synthesizes existing knowledge about the effects of HT stress on spikelet opening, anther dehiscence, pollen shedding number, pollen viability, pistil and stigma function, pollen germination on the stigma, and pollen tube elongation. HT-induced spikelet closure and arrest of pollen tube elongation have a catastrophic effect on pollination and fertilization in maize. Rice benefits from pollination under HT stress owing to bottom anther dehiscence and cleistogamy. Cleistogamy and secondary spikelet opening increase the probability of pollination success in wheat under HT stress. However, cereal crops themselves also have protective measures under HT stress. Lower canopy/tissue temperatures compared with air temperatures indicate that cereal crops, especially rice, can partly protect themselves from heat damage. In maize, husk leaves reduce inner ear temperature by about 5°C compared with outer ear temperature, thereby protecting the later phases of pollen tube growth and fertilization processes. These findings have important implications for accurate modeling, optimized crop management, and breeding of new varieties to cope with HT stress in the most important staple crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayang Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Sun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fen Mao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Yao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Baole Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Agronomy, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingbo Gao
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuhua Liao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shoubing Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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9
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Sinha R, Induri SP, Peláez-Vico MÁ, Tukuli A, Shostak B, Zandalinas SI, Joshi T, Fritschi FB, Mittler R. The transcriptome of soybean reproductive tissues subjected to water deficit, heat stress, and a combination of water deficit and heat stress. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1064-1080. [PMID: 37006191 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and climate change are driving an alarming increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events, such as droughts, heat waves, and their combination, inflicting heavy losses to agricultural production. Recent studies revealed that the transcriptomic responses of different crops to water deficit (WD) or heat stress (HS) are very different from that to a combination of WD + HS. In addition, it was found that the effects of WD, HS, and WD + HS are significantly more devastating when these stresses occur during the reproductive growth phase of crops, compared to vegetative growth. As the molecular responses of different reproductive and vegetative tissues of plants to WD, HS, or WD + HS could be different from each other and these differences could impact many current and future attempts to enhance the resilience of crops to climate change through breeding and/or engineering, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis of different soybean (Glycine max) tissues to WD, HS, and WD + HS. Here we present a reference transcriptomic dataset that includes the response of soybean leaf, pod, anther, stigma, ovary, and sepal to WD, HS, and WD + HS conditions. Mining this dataset for the expression pattern of different stress response transcripts revealed that each tissue had a unique transcriptomic response to each of the different stress conditions. This finding is important as it suggests that enhancing the overall resilience of crops to climate change could require a coordinated approach that simultaneously alters the expression of different groups of transcripts in different tissues in a stress-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjita Sinha
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Sai Preethi Induri
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - María Ángeles Peláez-Vico
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Adama Tukuli
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Benjamin Shostak
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Sara I Zandalinas
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Environmental Sciences, University Jaume I, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, Castelló de la Plana, 12071, Spain
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Felix B Fritschi
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Ron Mittler
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65201, USA
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10
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Canales J, Verdejo JF, Calderini DF. Transcriptome and Physiological Analysis of Rapeseed Tolerance to Post-Flowering Temperature Increase. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15593. [PMID: 37958577 PMCID: PMC10648292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate-change-induced temperature fluctuations pose a significant threat to crop production, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere. This study investigates the transcriptome and physiological responses of rapeseed to post-flowering temperature increases, providing valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying rapeseed tolerance to heat stress. Two rapeseed genotypes, Lumen and Solar, were assessed under control and heat stress conditions in field experiments conducted in Valdivia, Chile. Results showed that seed yield and seed number were negatively affected by heat stress, with genotype-specific responses. Lumen exhibited an average of 9.3% seed yield reduction, whereas Solar showed a 28.7% reduction. RNA-seq analysis of siliques and seeds revealed tissue-specific responses to heat stress, with siliques being more sensitive to temperature stress. Hierarchical clustering analysis identified distinct gene clusters reflecting different aspects of heat stress adaptation in siliques, with a role for protein folding in maintaining silique development and seed quality under high-temperature conditions. In seeds, three distinct patterns of heat-responsive gene expression were observed, with genes involved in protein folding and response to heat showing genotype-specific expression. Gene coexpression network analysis revealed major modules for rapeseed yield and quality, as well as the trade-off between seed number and seed weight. Overall, this study contributes to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying rapeseed tolerance to heat stress and can inform crop improvement strategies targeting yield optimization under changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Canales
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - José F. Verdejo
- Graduate School, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
- Plant Production and Plant Protection Institute, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Daniel F. Calderini
- Plant Production and Plant Protection Institute, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
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11
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Torres Rodríguez MD, Bhatnagar N, Pandey S. Overexpression of a Plant-Specific Gγ Protein, AGG3, in the Model Monocot Setaria viridis Confers Tolerance to Heat Stress. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1243-1256. [PMID: 37572092 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The vascular plant-specific, cysteine-rich type III Gγ proteins, which are integral components of the heterotrimeric G-protein complex, play crucial roles in regulating a multitude of plant processes, including those related to crop yield and responses to abiotic stresses. The presence of multiple copies of type III Gγ proteins in most plants and a propensity of the presence of specific truncated alleles in many cultivated crops present an ambiguous picture of their roles in modulating specific responses. AGG3 is a canonical type III Gγ protein of Arabidopsis, and its overexpression in additional model crops offers the opportunity to directly evaluate the effects of protein expression levels on plant phenotypes. We have shown that AGG3 overexpression in the monocot model Setaria viridis leads to an increase in seed yield. In this study, we have investigated the response of the S. viridis plants overexpressing AGG3 to heat stress (HS), one of the most important abiotic stresses affecting crops worldwide. We show that a short span of HS at a crucial developmental time point has a significant effect on plant yield in the later stages. We also show that plants with higher levels of AGG3 are more tolerant to HS. This is attributed to an altered regulation of stress-responsive genes and improved modulation of the photosynthetic efficiency during the stress. Overall, our results confirm that AGG3 plays a crucial role in regulating plant responses to unfavorable environmental conditions and may contribute positively to avoiding crop yield losses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikita Bhatnagar
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Sona Pandey
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
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12
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Liu S, Zenda T, Tian Z, Huang Z. Metabolic pathways engineering for drought or/and heat tolerance in cereals. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1111875. [PMID: 37810398 PMCID: PMC10557149 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1111875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Drought (D) and heat (H) are the two major abiotic stresses hindering cereal crop growth and productivity, either singly or in combination (D/+H), by imposing various negative impacts on plant physiological and biochemical processes. Consequently, this decreases overall cereal crop production and impacts global food availability and human nutrition. To achieve global food and nutrition security vis-a-vis global climate change, deployment of new strategies for enhancing crop D/+H stress tolerance and higher nutritive value in cereals is imperative. This depends on first gaining a mechanistic understanding of the mechanisms underlying D/+H stress response. Meanwhile, functional genomics has revealed several stress-related genes that have been successfully used in target-gene approach to generate stress-tolerant cultivars and sustain crop productivity over the past decades. However, the fast-changing climate, coupled with the complexity and multigenic nature of D/+H tolerance suggest that single-gene/trait targeting may not suffice in improving such traits. Hence, in this review-cum-perspective, we advance that targeted multiple-gene or metabolic pathway manipulation could represent the most effective approach for improving D/+H stress tolerance. First, we highlight the impact of D/+H stress on cereal crops, and the elaborate plant physiological and molecular responses. We then discuss how key primary metabolism- and secondary metabolism-related metabolic pathways, including carbon metabolism, starch metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) biosynthesis, and phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling can be modified using modern molecular biotechnology approaches such as CRISPR-Cas9 system and synthetic biology (Synbio) to enhance D/+H tolerance in cereal crops. Understandably, several bottlenecks hinder metabolic pathway modification, including those related to feedback regulation, gene functional annotation, complex crosstalk between pathways, and metabolomics data and spatiotemporal gene expressions analyses. Nonetheless, recent advances in molecular biotechnology, genome-editing, single-cell metabolomics, and data annotation and analysis approaches, when integrated, offer unprecedented opportunities for pathway engineering for enhancing crop D/+H stress tolerance and improved yield. Especially, Synbio-based strategies will accelerate the development of climate resilient and nutrient-dense cereals, critical for achieving global food security and combating malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Tinashe Zenda
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zaimin Tian
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zhihong Huang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
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13
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Doll RM, Boutros M, Port F. A temperature-tolerant CRISPR base editor mediates highly efficient and precise gene editing in Drosophila. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj1568. [PMID: 37647411 PMCID: PMC10468138 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj1568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR nucleases generate a broad spectrum of mutations that includes undesired editing outcomes. Here, we develop optimized C-to-T base editing systems for the generation of precise loss- or gain-of-function alleles in Drosophila and identify temperature as a crucial parameter for efficiency. We find that a variant of the widely used APOBEC1 deaminase has attenuated activity at 18° to 29°C and shows considerable dose-dependent toxicity. In contrast, the temperature-tolerant evoCDA1 domain mediates editing of typically more than 90% of alleles and is substantially better tolerated. Furthermore, formation of undesired mutations is exceptionally rare in Drosophila compared to other species. The predictable editing outcome, high efficiency, and product purity enables near homogeneous induction of STOP codons or alleles encoding protein variants in vivo. Last, we demonstrate how optimized expression enables conditional base editing in marked cell populations. This work substantially facilitates creation of precise alleles in Drosophila and provides key design parameters for developing efficient base editing systems in other ectothermic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman M. Doll
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics and BioQuant & Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Biosciences/Cancer Biology Program, Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Boutros
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics and BioQuant & Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fillip Port
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics and BioQuant & Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Carins-Murphy MR, Cochard H, Deans RM, Gracie AJ, Brodribb TJ. Combined heat and water stress leads to local xylem failure and tissue damage in pyrethrum flowers. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:356-370. [PMID: 37325893 PMCID: PMC10469517 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flowers are critical for angiosperm reproduction and the production of food, fiber, and pharmaceuticals, yet for unknown reasons, they appear particularly sensitive to combined heat and drought stress. A possible explanation for this may be the co-occurrence of leaky cuticles in flower petals and a vascular system that has a low capacity to supply water and is prone to failure under water stress. These characteristics may render reproductive structures more susceptible than leaves to runaway cavitation-an uncontrolled feedback cycle between rising water stress and declining water transport efficiency that can rapidly lead to lethal tissue desiccation. We provide modeling and empirical evidence to demonstrate that flower damage in the perennial crop pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium), in the form of irreversible desiccation, corresponds with runaway cavitation in the flowering stem after a combination of heat and water stress. We show that tissue damage is linked to greater evaporative demand during high temperatures rather than direct thermal stress. High floral transpiration dramatically reduced the soil water deficit at which runaway cavitation was triggered in pyrethrum flowering stems. Identifying runaway cavitation as a mechanism leading to heat damage and reproductive losses in pyrethrum provides different avenues for process-based modeling to understand the impact of climate change on cultivated and natural plant systems. This framework allows future investigation of the relative susceptibility of diverse plant species to reproductive failure under hot and dry conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline R Carins-Murphy
- School of Natural Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Hervé Cochard
- INRAE, PIAF, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Ross M Deans
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Alistair J Gracie
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Natural Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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15
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Bullones A, Castro AJ, Lima-Cabello E, Fernandez-Pozo N, Bautista R, Alché JDD, Claros MG. Transcriptomic Insight into the Pollen Tube Growth of Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea Reveals Reprogramming and Pollen-Specific Genes Including New Transcription Factors. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2894. [PMID: 37631106 PMCID: PMC10459472 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The pollen tube is a key innovation of land plants that is essential for successful fertilisation. Its development and growth have been profusely studied in model organisms, but in spite of the economic impact of olive trees, little is known regarding the genome-wide events underlying pollen hydration and growth in this species. To fill this gap, triplicate mRNA samples at 0, 1, 3, and 6 h of in vitro germination of olive cultivar Picual pollen were analysed by RNA-seq. A bioinformatics R workflow called RSeqFlow was developed contemplating the best practices described in the literature, covering from expression data filtering to differential expression and clustering, to finally propose hub genes. The resulting olive pollen transcriptome consisted of 22,418 reliable transcripts, where 5364 were differentially expressed, out of which 173 have no orthologue in plants and up to 3 of them might be pollen-specific transcription factors. Functional enrichment revealed a deep transcriptional reprogramming in mature olive pollen that is also dependent on protein stability and turnover to allow pollen tube emergence, with many hub genes related to heat shock proteins and F-box-containing proteins. Reprogramming extends to the first 3 h of growth, including processes consistent with studies performed in other plant species, such as global down-regulation of biosynthetic processes, vesicle/organelle trafficking and cytoskeleton remodelling. In the last stages, growth should be maintained from persistent transcripts. Mature pollen is equipped with transcripts to successfully cope with adverse environments, even though the in vitro growth seems to induce several stress responses. Finally, pollen-specific transcription factors were proposed as probable drivers of pollen germination in olive trees, which also shows an overall increased number of pollen-specific gene isoforms relative to other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bullones
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain;
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29010 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Antonio Jesús Castro
- Plant Reproductive Biology and Advanced Imaging Laboratory (BReMAP), Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), 18008 Granada, Spain; (A.J.C.); (E.L.-C.); (J.d.D.A.)
| | - Elena Lima-Cabello
- Plant Reproductive Biology and Advanced Imaging Laboratory (BReMAP), Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), 18008 Granada, Spain; (A.J.C.); (E.L.-C.); (J.d.D.A.)
| | - Noe Fernandez-Pozo
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29010 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Rocío Bautista
- Plataforma Andaluza de Bioinformática, Supercomputing and Bioinnovation Center (SCBI), Universidad de Málaga, 29590 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Juan de Dios Alché
- Plant Reproductive Biology and Advanced Imaging Laboratory (BReMAP), Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), 18008 Granada, Spain; (A.J.C.); (E.L.-C.); (J.d.D.A.)
- University Institute of Research on Olive Grove and Olive Oils (INUO), Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaen, Spain
| | - Manuel Gonzalo Claros
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain;
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29010 Malaga, Spain;
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) U741, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research in Málaga (IBIMA), IBIMA-RARE, 29010 Malaga, Spain
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16
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Aparna, Skarzyńska A, Pląder W, Pawełkowicz M. Impact of Climate Change on Regulation of Genes Involved in Sex Determination and Fruit Production in Cucumber. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2651. [PMID: 37514264 PMCID: PMC10385340 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Environmental changes, both natural and anthropogenic, mainly related to rising temperatures and water scarcity, are clearly visible around the world. Climate change is important for crop production and is a major issue for the growth and productivity of cucumbers. Processes such as sex determination, flower morphogenesis and fruit development in cucumbers are highly sensitive to various forms of stress induced by climatic changes. It is noteworthy that many factors, including genetic factors, transcription factors, phytohormones and miRNAs, are crucial in regulating these processes and are themselves affected by climate change. Changes in the expression and activity of these factors have been observed as a consequence of climatic conditions. This review focuses primarily on exploring the effects of climate change and abiotic stresses, such as increasing temperature and drought, on the processes of sex determination, reproduction, and fruit development in cucumbers at the molecular level. In addition, it highlights the existing research gaps that need to be addressed in order to improve our understanding of the complex interactions between climate change and cucumber physiology. This, in turn, may lead to strategies to mitigate the adverse effects and enhance cucumber productivity in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Skarzyńska
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pląder
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Pawełkowicz
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Bernacchi CJ, Ruiz-Vera UM, Siebers MH, DeLucia NJ, Ort DR. Short- and long-term warming events on photosynthetic physiology, growth, and yields of field grown crops. Biochem J 2023; 480:999-1014. [PMID: 37418286 PMCID: PMC10422931 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Global temperatures are rising from increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere associated with anthropogenic activities. Global warming includes a warmer shift in mean temperatures as well as increases in the probability of extreme heating events, termed heat waves. Despite the ability of plants to cope with temporal variations in temperature, global warming is increasingly presenting challenges to agroecosystems. The impact of warming on crop species has direct consequences on food security, therefore understanding impacts and opportunities to adapt crops to global warming necessitates experimentation that allows for modification of growth environments to represent global warming scenarios. Published studies addressing crop responses to warming are extensive, however, in-field studies where growth temperature is manipulated to mimic global warming are limited. Here, we provide an overview of in-field heating techniques employed to understand crop responses to warmer growth environments. We then focus on key results associated with season-long warming, as expected with rising global mean temperatures, and with heat waves, as a consequence of increasing temperature variability and rising global mean temperatures. We then discuss the role of rising temperatures on atmospheric water vapor pressure deficit and potential implications for crop photosynthesis and productivity. Finally, we review strategies by which crop photosynthetic processes might be optimized to adapt crops to the increasing temperatures and frequencies of heat waves. Key findings from this review are that higher temperatures consistently reduce photosynthesis and yields of crops even as atmospheric carbon dioxide increases, yet potential strategies to minimize losses from high-temperature exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl J. Bernacchi
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
- Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
| | | | - Matthew H. Siebers
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
| | - Nicholas J. DeLucia
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
| | - Donald R. Ort
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
- Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
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18
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Lin S, Liu Z, Sun S, Xue F, Li H, Tursun A, Cao L, Zhang L, Wilson ZA, Zhang D, Liang W. Rice HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN60-3B maintains male fertility under high temperature by starch granule biogenesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:2301-2317. [PMID: 36861636 PMCID: PMC10315285 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress has a deleterious effect on male fertility in rice (Oryza sativa), but mechanisms to protect against heat stress in rice male gametophytes are poorly understood. Here, we have isolated and characterized a heat-sensitive male-sterile rice mutant, heat shock protein60-3b (oshsp60-3b), that shows normal fertility at optimal temperatures but decreasing fertility as temperatures increase. High temperatures interfered with pollen starch granule formation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging in oshsp60-3b anthers, leading to cell death and pollen abortion. In line with the mutant phenotypes, OsHSP60-3B was rapidly upregulated in response to heat shock and its protein products were localized to the plastid. Critically, overexpression of OsHSP60-3B enhanced the heat tolerance of pollen in transgenic plants. We demonstrated that OsHSP60-3B interacted with FLOURY ENDOSPERM6(FLO6) in plastids, a key component involved in the starch granule formation in the rice pollen. Western blot results showed that FLO6 level was substantially decreased in oshsp60-3b anthers at high temperature, indicating that OsHSP60-3B is required to stabilize FLO6 when temperatures exceed optimal conditions. We suggest that in response to high temperature, OsHSP60-3B interacts with FLO6 to regulate starch granule biogenesis in rice pollen and attenuates ROS levels in anthers to ensure normal male gametophyte development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Lin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ze Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shiyu Sun
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Feiyang Xue
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huanjun Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Askar Tursun
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lichun Cao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zoe A Wilson
- Division of Plant & Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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19
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Wang M, Chen M, Huang Z, Zhou H, Liu Z. Advances on the Study of Diurnal Flower-Opening Times of Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10654. [PMID: 37445832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The principal goal of rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding is to increase the yield. In the past, hybrid rice was mainly indica intra-subspecies hybrids, but its yield has been difficult to improve. The hybridization between the indica and japonica subspecies has stronger heterosis; the utilization of inter-subspecies heterosis is important for long-term improvement of rice yields. However, the different diurnal flower-opening times (DFOTs) between the indica and japonica subspecies seriously reduce the efficiency of cross-pollination and yield and increase the cost of indica-japonica hybrid rice seeds, which has become one of the main constraints for the development of indica-japonica hybrid rice breeding. The DFOT of plants is adapted to their growing environment and is also closely related to species stability and evolution. Herein, we review the structure and physiological basis of rice flower opening, the factors that affect DFOT, and the progress of cloning and characterization of DFOT genes in rice. We also analyze the problems in the study of DFOT and provide corresponding suggestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Minghao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenlan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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20
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Jedličková V, Hejret V, Demko M, Jedlička P, Štefková M, Robert HS. Transcriptome analysis of thermomorphogenesis in ovules and during early seed development in Brassica napus. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:236. [PMID: 37142980 PMCID: PMC10158150 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant sexual reproduction is highly sensitive to elevated ambient temperatures, impacting seed development and production. We previously phenotyped this effect on three rapeseed cultivars (DH12075, Topas DH4079, and Westar). This work describes the transcriptional response associated with the phenotypic changes induced by heat stress during early seed development in Brassica napus. RESULTS We compared the differential transcriptional response in unfertilized ovules and seeds bearing embryos at 8-cell and globular developmental stages of the three cultivars exposed to high temperatures. We identified that all tissues and cultivars shared a common transcriptional response with the upregulation of genes linked to heat stress, protein folding and binding to heat shock proteins, and the downregulation of cell metabolism. The comparative analysis identified an enrichment for a response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the heat-tolerant cultivar Topas, correlating with the phenotypic changes. The highest heat-induced transcriptional response in Topas seeds was detected for genes encoding various peroxidases, temperature-induced lipocalin (TIL1), or protein SAG21/LEA5. On the contrary, the transcriptional response in the two heat-sensitive cultivars, DH12075 and Westar, was characterized by heat-induced cellular damages with the upregulation of genes involved in the photosynthesis and plant hormone signaling pathways. Particularly, the TIFY/JAZ genes involved in jasmonate signaling were induced by stress, specifically in ovules of heat-sensitive cultivars. Using a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified key modules and hub genes involved in the heat stress response in studied tissues of either heat-tolerant or sensitive cultivars. CONCLUSIONS Our transcriptional analysis complements a previous phenotyping analysis by characterizing the growth response to elevated temperatures during early seed development and reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying the phenotypic response. The results demonstrated that response to ROS, seed photosynthesis, and hormonal regulation might be the critical factors for stress tolerance in oilseed rape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Jedličková
- Hormonal Crosstalk in Plant Development, Mendel Center for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC MU-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Hejret
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, CEITEC MU-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Demko
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, CEITEC MU-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jedlička
- Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Štefková
- Hormonal Crosstalk in Plant Development, Mendel Center for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC MU-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hélène S Robert
- Hormonal Crosstalk in Plant Development, Mendel Center for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC MU-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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21
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Goel K, Kundu P, Sharma P, Zinta G. Thermosensitivity of pollen: a molecular perspective. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:843-857. [PMID: 37029819 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A current trend in climate comprises adverse weather anomalies with more frequent and intense temperature events. Heatwaves are a serious threat to global food security because of the susceptibility of crop plants to high temperatures. Among various developmental stages of plants, even a slight rise in temperature during reproductive development proves detrimental, thus making sexual reproduction heat vulnerable. In this context, male gametophyte or pollen development stages are the most sensitive ones. High-temperature exposure induces pollen abortion, reducing pollen viability and germination rate with a concomitant effect on seed yield. This review summarizes the ultrastructural, morphological, biochemical, and molecular changes underpinning high temperature-induced aberrations in male gametophytes. Specifically, we highlight the temperature sensing cascade operating in pollen, involving reactive oxygen species (ROS), heat shock factors (HSFs), a hormones and transcriptional regulatory network. We also emphasize integrating various omics approaches to decipher the molecular events triggered by heat stress in pollen. The knowledge of genes, proteins, and metabolites conferring thermotolerance in reproductive tissues can be utilized to breed/engineer thermotolerant crops to ensure food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Goel
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Pravesh Kundu
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Paras Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Gaurav Zinta
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
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22
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Colombage R, Singh MB, Bhalla PL. Melatonin and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7447. [PMID: 37108609 PMCID: PMC10138880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing food demand by the growing human population and declining crop productivity due to climate change affect global food security. To meet the challenges, developing improved crops that can tolerate abiotic stresses is a priority. Melatonin in plants, also known as phytomelatonin, is an active component of the various cellular mechanisms that alleviates oxidative damage in plants, hence supporting the plant to survive abiotic stress conditions. Exogenous melatonin strengthens this defence mechanism by enhancing the detoxification of reactive by-products, promoting physiological activities, and upregulating stress-responsive genes to alleviate damage during abiotic stress. In addition to its well-known antioxidant activity, melatonin protects against abiotic stress by regulating plant hormones, activating ER stress-responsive genes, and increasing protein homoeostasis, heat shock transcription factors and heat shock proteins. Under abiotic stress, melatonin enhances the unfolded protein response, endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation, and autophagy, which ultimately protect cells from programmed cell death and promotes cell repair resulting in increased plant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Prem L. Bhalla
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (R.C.); (M.B.S.)
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23
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Tang Y, Lu S, Fang C, Liu H, Dong L, Li H, Su T, Li S, Wang L, Cheng Q, Liu B, Lin X, Kong F. Diverse flowering responses subjecting to ambient high temperature in soybean under short-day conditions. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:782-791. [PMID: 36578141 PMCID: PMC10037154 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flowering time is one of important agronomic traits determining the crop yield and affected by high temperature. When facing high ambient temperature, plants often initiate early flowering as an adaptive strategy to escape the stress and ensure successful reproduction. However, here we find opposing ways in the short-day crop soybean to respond to different levels of high temperatures, in which flowering accelerates when temperature changes from 25 to 30 °C, but delays when temperature reaches 35 °C under short day. phyA-E1, possibly photoperiodic pathway, is crucial for 35 °C-mediated late flowering, however, does not contribute to promoting flowering at 30 °C. 30 °C-induced up-regulation of FT2a and FT5a leads to early flowering, independent of E1. Therefore, distinct responsive mechanisms are adopted by soybean when facing different levels of high temperatures for successful flowering and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Sijia Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chao Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lidong Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Haiyang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tong Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shichen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lingshuang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qun Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Baohui Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design BreedingNortheast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of SciencesHarbinChina
| | - Xiaoya Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design BreedingNortheast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of SciencesHarbinChina
- College of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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24
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Ahmadi N, Barry MB, Frouin J, de Navascués M, Toure MA. Genome Scan of Rice Landrace Populations Collected Across Time Revealed Climate Changes' Selective Footprints in the Genes Network Regulating Flowering Time. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 16:15. [PMID: 36947285 PMCID: PMC10033818 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Analyses of the genetic bases of plant adaptation to climate changes, using genome-scan approaches, are often conducted on natural populations, under hypothesis of out-crossing reproductive regime. We report here on a study based on diachronic sampling (1980 and 2011) of the autogamous crop species, Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima, in the tropical forest and the Sudanian savannah of West Africa. First, using historical meteorological data we confirmed changes in temperatures (+ 1 °C on average) and rainfall regime (less predictable and reduced amount) in the target areas. Second, phenotyping the populations for phenology, we observed significantly earlier heading time in the 2010 samples. Third, implementing two genome-scan methods (one of which specially developed for selfing species) on genotyping by sequencing genotypic data of the two populations, we detected 31 independent selection footprints. Gene ontology analysis detected significant enrichment of these selection footprints in genes involved in reproductive processes. Some of them bore known heading time QTLs and genes, including OsGI, Hd1 and OsphyB. This rapid adaptive evolution, originated from subtle changes in the standing variation in genetic network regulating heading time, did not translate into predominance of multilocus genotypes, as it is often the case in selfing plants, and into notable selective sweeps. The high adaptive potential observed results from the multiline genetic structure of the rice landraces, and the rather large and imbricated genetic diversity of the rice meta-population at the farm, the village and the region levels, that hosted the adaptive variants in multiple genetic backgrounds before the advent of the environmental selective pressure. Our results illustrate the evolution of in situ diversity through processes of human and natural selection, and provide a model for rice breeding and cultivars deployment strategies aiming resilience to climate changes. It also calls for further development of population genetic models for adaptation of plant populations to environmental changes. To our best knowledge, this is the first study dealing with climate-changes' selective footprint in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourollah Ahmadi
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, TA-A 108/03, Avenue Agropolis, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
- AGAP, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | | | - Julien Frouin
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, TA-A 108/03, Avenue Agropolis, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- AGAP, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Miguel de Navascués
- CBGP, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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25
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Dual Inoculation with Rhizophagus irregularis and Bacillus megaterium Improves Maize Tolerance to Combined Drought and High Temperature Stress by Enhancing Root Hydraulics, Photosynthesis and Hormonal Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065193. [PMID: 36982272 PMCID: PMC10049376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is leading to combined drought and high temperature stress in many areas, drastically reducing crop production, especially for high-water-consuming crops such as maize. This study aimed to determine how the co-inoculation of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Rhizophagus irregularis) and the PGPR Bacillus megaterium (Bm) alters the radial water movement and physiology in maize plants in order to cope with combined drought and high temperature stress. Thus, maize plants were kept uninoculated or inoculated with R. irregularis (AM), with B. megaterium (Bm) or with both microorganisms (AM + Bm) and subjected or not to combined drought and high temperature stress (D + T). We measured plant physiological responses, root hydraulic parameters, aquaporin gene expression and protein abundances and sap hormonal content. The results showed that dual AM + Bm inoculation was more effective against combined D + T stress than single inoculation. This was related to a synergistic enhancement of efficiency of the phytosystem II, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic activity. Moreover, dually inoculated plants maintained higher root hydraulic conductivity, which was related to regulation of the aquaporins ZmPIP1;3, ZmTIP1.1, ZmPIP2;2 and GintAQPF1 and levels of plant sap hormones. This study demonstrates the usefulness of combining beneficial soil microorganisms to improve crop productivity under the current climate-change scenario.
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26
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Majeed Y, Zhu X, Zhang N, ul-Ain N, Raza A, Haider FU, Si H. Harnessing the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases against abiotic stresses in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:932923. [PMID: 36909407 PMCID: PMC10000299 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.932923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Crop plants are vulnerable to various biotic and abiotic stresses, whereas plants tend to retain their physiological mechanisms by evolving cellular regulation. To mitigate the adverse effects of abiotic stresses, many defense mechanisms are induced in plants. One of these mechanisms is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, a signaling pathway used in the transduction of extracellular stimuli into intercellular responses. This stress signaling pathway is activated by a series of responses involving MAPKKKs→MAPKKs→MAPKs, consisting of interacting proteins, and their functions depend on the collaboration and activation of one another by phosphorylation. These proteins are key regulators of MAPK in various crop plants under abiotic stress conditions and also related to hormonal responses. It is revealed that in response to stress signaling, MAPKs are characterized as multigenic families and elaborate the specific stimuli transformation as well as the antioxidant regulation system. This pathway is directed by the framework of proteins and stopping domains confer the related associates with unique structure and functions. Early studies of plant MAPKs focused on their functions in model plants. Based on the results of whole-genome sequencing, many MAPKs have been identified in plants, such as Arbodiposis, tomato, potato, alfalfa, poplar, rice, wheat, maize, and apple. In this review, we summarized the recent work on MAPK response to abiotic stress and the classification of MAPK cascade in crop plants. Moreover, we highlighted the modern research methodologies such as transcriptomics, proteomics, CRISPR/Cas technology, and epigenetic studies, which proposed, identified, and characterized the novel genes associated with MAPKs and their role in plants under abiotic stress conditions. In-silico-based identification of novel MAPK genes also facilitates future research on MAPK cascade identification and function in crop plants under various stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Majeed
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Noor ul-Ain
- Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University (FAFU) and University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign-School of Integrative Biology (UIUC-SIB) Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ali Raza
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huaijun Si
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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27
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Negoro S, Hirabayashi T, Iwasaki R, Torii KU, Uchida N. EPFL peptide signalling ensures robust self-pollination success under cool temperature stress by aligning the length of the stamen and pistil. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:451-463. [PMID: 36419209 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Successful sexual reproduction of plants requires temperature-sensitive processes, and temperature stress sometimes causes developmental asynchrony between male and female reproductive tissues. In Arabidopsis thaliana, self-pollination occurs when the stamen and pistil lengths are aligned in a single flower so that pollens at the stamen tip are delivered to the stigma at the pistil tip. Although intercellular signalling acts in several reproduction steps, how signalling molecules, including secreted peptides, contribute to the synchronous growth of reproductive tissues remains limited. Here, we show that the mutant of the secreted peptide EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR LIKE 6 (EPFL6), which shows no phenotypes at a moderate temperature, fails in fruit production at a cool temperature due to insufficient elongation of stamens. EPFL6 is expressed in stamen filaments and promotes filament elongation to achieve the alignment of stamen and pistil lengths at a cool temperature. We also found that, at a moderate temperature, all EPFL6-subfamily genes are required for stamen elongation. Furthermore, we showed that ERECTA (ER), known as a common receptor for EPFL-family peptides, mediates the stamen-pistil growth coordination. Lastly, we provided evidence that modulation of ER activity rescues the reproduction failure caused by insufficient stamen elongation by realigning the stamen and pistil lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Negoro
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomo Hirabayashi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rie Iwasaki
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Naoyuki Uchida
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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28
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Pei YY, Lei L, Fan XW, Li YZ. Effects of high air temperature, drought, and both combinations on maize: A case study. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 327:111543. [PMID: 36427558 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High air temperature (HAT) and natural soil drought (NSD) have seriously affected crop yield and frequently take place in a HAT-NSD combination. Maize (Zea mays) is an important crop, thermophilic but not heat tolerant. In this study, HAT, NSD, and HAT-NSD effects on maize inbred line Huangzao4 -were characterized. Main findings were as follows: H2O2 and O- accumulated much more in immature young leaves than in mature old leaves under the stresses. Lateral roots were highly distributed near the upper pot mix layers under HAT and near root tips under HAT-NSD. Saccharide accumulated mainly in stressed root caps (RC) and formed a highly accumulated saccharide band at the boundary between RC and meristematic zone. Lignin deposition was in stressed roots under NSD and HAT-NSD. Chloroplasts increased in number and formed a high-density ring around leaf vascular bundles (VB) under HAT and HAT-NSD, and sparsely scattered in the peripheral area of VBs under NSD. The RC cells containing starch granules were most under NAD-HAT but least under HAT. Under NSD and HAT-NSD followed by re-watering, anther number per tassel spikelet reduced to 3. These results provide multiple clues for further distinguishing molecular mechanisms for maize to tolerate these stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Pei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Ling Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Xian-Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - You-Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
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29
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Chen L, Liang Z, Xie S, Liu W, Wang M, Yan J, Yang S, Jiang B, Peng Q, Lin Y. Responses of differential metabolites and pathways to high temperature in cucumber anther. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1131735. [PMID: 37123826 PMCID: PMC10140443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1131735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber is one of the most important vegetable crops, which is widely planted all over the world. Cucumber always suffers from high-temperature stress in South China in summer. In this study, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis was used to study the differential metabolites of cucumber anther between high-temperature (HT) stress and normal condition (CK). After HT, the pollen fertility was significantly reduced, and abnormal anther structures were observed by the paraffin section. In addition, the metabolomics analysis results showed that a total of 125 differential metabolites were identified after HT, consisting of 99 significantly upregulated and 26 significantly downregulated metabolites. Among these differential metabolites, a total of 26 related metabolic pathways were found, and four pathways showed significant differences, namely, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism; plant hormone signal transduction; amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism; and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism. In addition, pollen fertility was decreased by altering the metabolites of plant hormone signal transduction and amino acid and sugar metabolism pathway under HT. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic changes in cucumber anther under HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaojun Liang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyan Xie
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenrui Liu
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinqiang Yan
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songguang Yang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biao Jiang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwu Peng
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu’e Lin
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yu’e Lin,
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Fernández-Crespo E, Liu-Xu L, Albert-Sidro C, Scalschi L, Llorens E, González-Hernández AI, Crespo O, Gonzalez-Bosch C, Camañes G, García-Agustín P, Vicedo B. Exploiting Tomato Genotypes to Understand Heat Stress Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3170. [PMID: 36432899 PMCID: PMC9696584 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increased temperatures caused by climate change constitute a significant threat to agriculture and food security. The selection of improved crop varieties with greater tolerance to heat stress is crucial for the future of agriculture. To overcome this challenge, four traditional tomato varieties from the Mediterranean basin and two commercial genotypes were selected to characterize their responses at high temperatures. The screening of phenotypes under heat shock conditions allowed to classify the tomato genotypes as: heat-sensitive: TH-30, ADX2; intermediate: ISR-10 and Ailsa Craig; heat-tolerant: MM and MO-10. These results reveal the intra-genetical variation of heat stress responses, which can be exploited as promising sources of tolerance to climate change conditions. Two different thermotolerance strategies were observed. The MO-10 plants tolerance was based on the control of the leaf cooling mechanism and the rapid RBOHB activation and ABA signaling pathways. The variety MM displayed a different strategy based on the activation of HSP70 and 90, as well as accumulation of phenolic compounds correlated with early induction of PAL expression. The importance of secondary metabolism in the recovery phase has been also revealed. Understanding the molecular events allowing plants to overcome heat stress constitutes a promising approach for selecting climate resilient tomato varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Fernández-Crespo
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Luisa Liu-Xu
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Carlos Albert-Sidro
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Loredana Scalschi
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Eugenio Llorens
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel González-Hernández
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Oscar Crespo
- Departament de Bioquímica, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Universitat de València, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Gonzalez-Bosch
- Departament de Bioquímica, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Universitat de València, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Gemma Camañes
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Agustín
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Begonya Vicedo
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
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Li H, Tiwari M, Tang Y, Wang L, Yang S, Long H, Guo J, Wang Y, Wang H, Yang Q, Jagadish SVK, Shao R. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal that sucrose synthase regulates maize pollen viability under heat and drought stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 246:114191. [PMID: 36265405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Maize pollen is highly sensitive to heat and drought, but few studies have investigated the combined effects of heat and drought on pollen viability. In this study, pollen's structural and physiological characteristics were determined after heat, drought, and combined stressors. Furthermore, integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of maize pollen were conducted to identify potential mechanisms of stress responses. Tassel growth and spikelet development were considerably suppressed, pollen viability was negatively impacted, and pollen starch granules were depleted during anthesis under stress. The inhibitory effects were more significant due to combined stresses than to heat or drought individually. The metabolic analysis identified 71 important metabolites in the combined stress compared to the other treatments, including sugars and their derivatives related to pollen viability. Transcriptomics also revealed that carbohydrate metabolism was significantly altered under stress. Moreover, a comprehensive metabolome-transcriptome analysis identified a central mechanism in the biosynthesis of UDP-glucose involved in reducing the activity of sucrose synthase SH-1 (shrunken 1) and sus1 (sucrose synthase 1) that suppressed sucrose transfer to UDP-glucose, leading to pollen viability exhaustion under stress. In conclusion, the lower pollen viability after heat and drought stress was associated with poor sucrose synthase activity due to the stress treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Chemical Control/Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Manish Tiwari
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Yulou Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Chemical Control/Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Lijuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Chemical Control/Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Sen Yang
- The Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Haochi Long
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Chemical Control/Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Jiameng Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Chemical Control/Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Yongchao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Chemical Control/Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Chemical Control/Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Qinghua Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Chemical Control/Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - S V Krishna Jagadish
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79410, USA.
| | - Ruixin Shao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Chemical Control/Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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32
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Dhaliwal DS, Williams MM. Evidence of sweet corn yield losses from rising temperatures. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18218. [PMID: 36309594 PMCID: PMC9617927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop production is sensitive to anomalous weather conditions, but vegetable crops can be highly sensitive to environmental changes. Using sweet corn data collected on 16,040 fields over a 27-year period, we: (a) estimate yield sensitivities to changes in growing season temperature and total precipitation, (b) estimate critical thresholds in non-linear temperature effects on sweet corn yield across diverse environments, and (c) quantify yield losses from surpassing the upper temperature threshold during anthesis in sweet corn. Our results show growing-season temperatures exceeding 30 [Formula: see text] were detrimental to crop yield. Each additional degree day spent above 30 [Formula: see text] during anthesis reduced crop yields by 0.5% and 2% in irrigated and rainfed fields, respectively. This study shows evidence for sweet corn yield losses across broad spatial domains in the wake of climate change and underscores the urgency to accelerate crop adaptation strategies to sustain production of this highly popular crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daljeet S. Dhaliwal
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Martin M. Williams
- grid.508983.fGlobal Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Urbana, IL USA
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Zhu H, Wu Y, Zheng Y. Effects of heat shock on photosynthesis-related characteristics and lipid profile of Cycas multipinnata and C. panzhihuaensis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:442. [PMID: 36109687 PMCID: PMC9476270 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03825-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cycas multipinnata and C. panzhihuaensis are two attractive ornamental tree species. With the global climate change, the temperature in the natural habitats of both the species shows a marked rising trend. However, how the two species respond to extreme high temperatures are not clear. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll content, chloroplast ultrastructure and lipid metabolism in the two species were determined following plant exposure to heat stress. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the photosynthetic efficiency decreased significantly in both the species following heat shock and recovery, but to a greater extent in C. panzhihuaensis. Compared to the control, chlorophyll content of C. multipinnata did not change significantly following heat stress and recovery. However, chlorophyll content of C. panzhihuaensis increased significantly after 1 d of recovery in comparison with the control. Chloroplast ultrastructures of C. panzhihuaensis were more severely affected by heat shock than C. multipinnata. C. multipinnata and C. panzhihuaensis followed a similar change trend in the amounts of most of the lipid categories after heat stress. However, only the amounts of lysophospholipids and fatty acyls differed significantly between the two species following heat treatment. Additionally, the unsaturation levels of the major lipid classes in C. multipinnata were significantly lower than or equal to those in C. panzhihuaensis. CONCLUSIONS C. multipinnata was less affected by extremely high temperatures than C. panzhihuaensis. The differential stability of chlorophyll and chloroplast ultrastructure and the differential adjustment of lipid metabolism might contribute to the different responses to heat shock between the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration for Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650233, Yunnan, China
| | - Yangyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration for Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650233, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration for Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650233, Yunnan, China.
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Walters J, Zavalnitskaya J, Isaacs R, Szendrei Z. Heat of the moment: extreme heat poses a risk to bee-plant interactions and crop yields. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 52:100927. [PMID: 35500861 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.100927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extreme heat events threaten the development, functioning, and success of bee pollinators and crops that rely on pollinators for high yields. While direct effects of extreme heat and climate warming have gained more attention, the indirect effects on bees and crops remain largely unexplored. Extreme heat can directly alter the nutritional value of floral rewards, which indirectly contributes to lower bee survival, development, and reproduction with implications for pollination. Phenological mismatches between bee activity and crop flowering are also expected. Heat-stressed crop plants with reduced floral rewards may reduce bee foraging and nesting, limiting pollination services. Understanding how extreme heat affects bee-crop interactions will be essential for resilient production of pollinator-dependent crops in this era of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Walters
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | | | - Rufus Isaacs
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Zsofia Szendrei
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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35
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Shi W, Yang J, Kumar R, Zhang X, Impa SM, Xiao G, Jagadish SVK. Heat Stress During Gametogenesis Irreversibly Damages Female Reproductive Organ in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:32. [PMID: 35763153 PMCID: PMC9240181 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress during gametogenesis leads to spikelet sterility. To ascertain the role of female reproductive organ (pistil), two rice genotypes N22 and IR64 with contrasting heat stress responses were exposed to control (30 °C) and heat stress (38 °C and 40 °C) during megasporogenesis. Anatomical observations of ovule revealed greater disappearance of megaspore mother cell and nuclei at early stages, and during later stages mature embryo sac without female germ unit, improper positioning of nuclei, and shrunken embryo sac was observed in the sensitive IR64. Under heat stress, a decrease in sugar and starch, increase in H2O2 and malondialdehyde with lower antioxidant enzyme activities were recorded in pistils of both N22 and IR64. Lower accumulation of TCA cycle metabolites and amino acids were noticed in IR64 pistils under heat stress at gametogenesis, whereas N22 exhibited favorable metabolite profiles. At heading, however, N22 pistils had higher carbohydrate accumulation and better ROS homeostasis, suggesting higher recovery after heat stress exposure. In summary, the results indicate that heat stress during megasporogenesis leads to irreversible anatomical and physiological changes in pistil and alters metabolic signatures leading to increased spikelet sterility in rice. Mechanisms identified for enhanced heat tolerance in pistil can help in developing rice varieties that are better adapted to future hotter climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanju Shi
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, 410125 China
| | - Juan Yang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Xinzheng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Somayanda M. Impa
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2122 USA
| | - Gui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, 410125 China
| | - S. V. Krishna Jagadish
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2122 USA
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36
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Reproductive-Stage Heat Stress in Cereals: Impact, Plant Responses and Strategies for Tolerance Improvement. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136929. [PMID: 35805930 PMCID: PMC9266455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproductive-stage heat stress (RSHS) poses a major constraint to cereal crop production by damaging main plant reproductive structures and hampering reproductive processes, including pollen and stigma viability, pollination, fertilization, grain setting and grain filling. Despite this well-recognized fact, research on crop heat stress (HS) is relatively recent compared to other abiotic stresses, such as drought and salinity, and in particular, RSHS studies in cereals are considerably few in comparison with seedling-stage and vegetative-stage-centered studies. Meanwhile, climate change-exacerbated HS, independently or synergistically with drought, will have huge implications on crop performance and future global food security. Fortunately, due to their sedentary nature, crop plants have evolved complex and diverse transient and long-term mechanisms to perceive, transduce, respond and adapt to HS at the molecular, cell, physiological and whole plant levels. Therefore, uncovering the molecular and physiological mechanisms governing plant response and tolerance to RSHS facilitates the designing of effective strategies to improve HS tolerance in cereal crops. In this review, we update our understanding of several aspects of RSHS in cereals, particularly impacts on physiological processes and yield; HS signal perception and transduction; and transcriptional regulation by heat shock factors and heat stress-responsive genes. We also discuss the epigenetic, post-translational modification and HS memory mechanisms modulating plant HS tolerance. Moreover, we offer a critical set of strategies (encompassing genomics and plant breeding, transgenesis, omics and agronomy) that could accelerate the development of RSHS-resilient cereal crop cultivars. We underline that a judicious combination of all of these strategies offers the best foot forward in RSHS tolerance improvement in cereals. Further, we highlight critical shortcomings to RSHS tolerance investigations in cereals and propositions for their circumvention, as well as some knowledge gaps, which should guide future research priorities. Overall, our review furthers our understanding of HS tolerance in plants and supports the rational designing of RSHS-tolerant cereal crop cultivars for the warming climate.
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Schuhmann P, Engstler C, Klöpfer K, Gügel IL, Abbadi A, Dreyer F, Leckband G, Bölter B, Hagn F, Soll J, Carrie C. Two wrongs make a right: heat stress reversion of a male-sterile Brassica napus line. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3531-3551. [PMID: 35226731 PMCID: PMC9162185 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Male-sterile lines play important roles in plant breeding to obtain hybrid vigour. The male sterility Lembke (MSL) system is a thermosensitive genic male sterility system of Brassica napus and is one of the main systems used in European rapeseed breeding. Interestingly, the MSL system shows high similarity to the 9012AB breeding system from China, including the ability to revert to fertile in high temperature conditions. Here we demonstrate that the MSL system is regulated by the same restorer of fertility gene BnaC9-Tic40 as the 9012AB system, which is related to the translocon at the inner envelope membrane of chloroplasts 40 (TIC40) from Arabidopsis. The male sterility gene of the MSL system was also identified to encode a chloroplast-localized protein which we call BnChimera; this gene shows high sequence similarity to the sterility gene previously described for the 9012AB system. For the first time, a direct protein interaction between BnaC9-Tic40 and the BnChimera could be demonstrated. In addition, we identify the corresponding amino acids that mediate this interaction and suggest how BnaC9-Tic40 acts as the restorer of fertility. Using an RNA-seq approach, the effects of heat treatment on the male fertility restoration of the C545 MSL system line were investigated. These data demonstrate that many pollen developmental pathways are affected by higher temperatures. It is hypothesized that heat stress reverses the male sterility via a combination of slower production of cell wall precursors in plastids and a slower flower development, which ultimately results in fertile pollen. The potential breeding applications of these results are discussed regarding the use of the MSL system in producing thermotolerant fertile plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Schuhmann
- Department Biologie I–Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstr. 2–4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Carina Engstler
- Department Biologie I–Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstr. 2–4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kai Klöpfer
- Bavarian NMR Center (BNMRZ) at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Irene L Gügel
- Department Biologie I–Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstr. 2–4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar), Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, D-53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Amine Abbadi
- NPZ Innovation GmbH, Hohenlieth-Hof, D-24363 Holtsee, Germany
| | - Felix Dreyer
- NPZ Innovation GmbH, Hohenlieth-Hof, D-24363 Holtsee, Germany
| | - Gunhild Leckband
- Norddeutsche Pflanzenzucht Hans-Georg Lembke KG, Hohenlieth-Hof 1, D-24363 Holtsee, Germany
| | - Bettina Bölter
- Department Biologie I–Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstr. 2–4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Franz Hagn
- Bavarian NMR Center (BNMRZ) at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Soll
- Department Biologie I–Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstr. 2–4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Centre for Integrated Protein Science, CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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38
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A natural allele of OsMS1 responds to temperature changes and confers thermosensitive genic male sterility. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2055. [PMID: 35440626 PMCID: PMC9018702 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in ambient temperature influence crop fertility and production. Understanding of how crops sense and respond to temperature is thus crucial for sustainable agriculture. The thermosensitive genic male-sterile (TGMS) lines are widely used for hybrid rice breeding and also provide a good system to investigate the mechanisms underlying temperature sensing and responses in crops. Here, we show that OsMS1 is a histone binding protein, and its natural allele OsMS1wenmin1 confers thermosensitive male sterility in rice. OsMS1 is primarily localized in nuclei, while OsMS1wenmin1 is localized in nuclei and cytoplasm. Temperature regulates the abundances of OsMS1 and OsMS1wenmin1 proteins. The high temperature causes more reduction of OsMS1wenmin1 than OsMS1 in nuclei. OsMS1 associates with the transcription factor TDR to regulate expression of downstream genes in a temperature-dependent manner. Thus, our findings uncover a thermosensitive mechanism that could be useful for hybrid crop breeding.
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39
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Laza HE, Kaur-Kapoor H, Xin Z, Payton PR, Chen J. Morphological analysis and stage determination of anther development in Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. PLANTA 2022; 255:86. [PMID: 35286485 PMCID: PMC8921119 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of sorghum anthers at 18 classified developmental stages provide an important reference for future studies on sorghum reproductive biology and abiotic stress tolerance of sorghum pollen. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is the fifth-most important cereal crop in the world. It has relatively high resilience to drought and high temperature stresses during vegetative growing stages comparing to other major cereal crops. However, like other cereal crops, the sensitivity of male organ to heat and drought can severely depress sorghum yield due to reduced fertility and pollination efficiency if the stress occurs at the reproductive stage. Identification of the most vulnerable stages and the genes and genetic networks that differentially regulate the abiotic stress responses during anther development are two critical prerequisites for targeted molecular trait selection and for enhanced environmentally resilient sorghum in breeding using a variety of genetic modification strategies. However, in sorghum, anther developmental stages have not been determined. The distinctive cellular characteristics associated with anther development have not been well examined. Lack of such critical information is a major obstacle in the studies of anther and pollen development in sorghum. In this study, we examined the morphological changes of sorghum anthers at cellular level during entire male organ development processes using a modified high-throughput imaging variable pressure scanning electron microscopy and traditional light microscopy methods. We divided sorghum anther development into 18 distinctive stages and provided detailed description of the morphological changes in sorghum anthers for each stage. The findings of this study will serve as an important reference for future studies focusing on sorghum physiology, reproductive biology, genetics, and genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydee E Laza
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Zhuanguo Xin
- Plant Stress and Germplasm Development, USDA-ARS, Lubbock, TX, 79415, USA
| | - Paxton R Payton
- Plant Stress and Germplasm Development, USDA-ARS, Lubbock, TX, 79415, USA
| | - Junping Chen
- Plant Stress and Germplasm Development, USDA-ARS, Lubbock, TX, 79415, USA.
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40
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Liu J, Zhang L, Huang L, Yang T, Ma J, Yu T, Zhu W, Zhang Z, Tang J. Uncovering the Gene Regulatory Network of Maize Hybrid ZD309 under Heat Stress by Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11050677. [PMID: 35270147 PMCID: PMC8912342 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Maize is an important cereal crop but is sensitive to heat stress, which significantly restricts its grain yield. To explore the molecular mechanism of maize heat tolerance, a heat-tolerant hybrid ZD309 and its parental lines (H39_1 and M189) were subjected to heat stress, followed by transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. After six-day-heat treatment, the growth of ZD309 and its parental lines were suppressed, showing dwarf stature and rolled leaf compared with the control plants. ZD309 exhibited vigorous growth; however, M189 displayed superior heat tolerance. By transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis, hundreds to thousands of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and metabolites (DEMs) were identified. Notably, the female parent H39 shares more DEGs and DEMs with the hybrid ZD309, indicating more genetic gain derived from the female instead of the male. A total of 299 heat shock genes detected among three genotypes were greatly aggregated in sugar transmembrane transporter activity, plasma membrane, photosynthesis, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, cysteine, and methionine metabolism. A total of 150 heat-responsive metabolites detected among three genotypes were highly accumulated, including jasmonic acid, amino acids, sugar, flavonoids, coumarin, and organic acids. Integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic assays revealed that plant hormone signal transduction, cysteine, and methionine metabolism, and α-linolenic acid metabolism play crucial roles in heat tolerance in maize. Our research will be facilitated to identify essential heat tolerance genes in maize, thereby contributing to breeding heat resistance maize varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbao Liu
- Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.L.); (L.Z.); (L.H.); (J.M.); (T.Y.); (W.Z.)
| | - Linna Zhang
- Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.L.); (L.Z.); (L.H.); (J.M.); (T.Y.); (W.Z.)
| | - Lu Huang
- Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.L.); (L.Z.); (L.H.); (J.M.); (T.Y.); (W.Z.)
| | - Tianxiao Yang
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Juan Ma
- Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.L.); (L.Z.); (L.H.); (J.M.); (T.Y.); (W.Z.)
| | - Ting Yu
- Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.L.); (L.Z.); (L.H.); (J.M.); (T.Y.); (W.Z.)
| | - Weihong Zhu
- Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.L.); (L.Z.); (L.H.); (J.M.); (T.Y.); (W.Z.)
| | - Zhanhui Zhang
- Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.L.); (L.Z.); (L.H.); (J.M.); (T.Y.); (W.Z.)
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (J.T.)
| | - Jihua Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (J.T.)
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41
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Kumar S, Thakur M, Mitra R, Basu S, Anand A. Sugar metabolism during pre- and post-fertilization events in plants under high temperature stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:655-673. [PMID: 34628530 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02795-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High temperature challenges global crop production by limiting the growth and development of the reproductive structures and seed. It impairs the developmental stages of male and female gametogenesis, pollination, fertilization, endosperm formation and embryo development. Among these, the male reproductive processes are highly prone to abnormalities under high temperature at various stages of development. The disruption of source-sink balance is the main constraint for satisfactory growth of the reproductive structures which is disturbed at the level of sucrose import and utilization within the tissue. Seed development after fertilization is affected by modulation in the activity of enzymes involved in starch metabolism. In addition, the alteration in the seed-filling rate and its duration affects the seed weight and quality. The present review critically discusses the role of sugar metabolism in influencing the various stages of gamete and seed development under high temperature stress. It also highlights the interaction of the sugars with hormones that mediate the transport of sugars to sink tissues. The role of transcription factors for the regulation of sugar availability under high temperature has also been discussed. Further, the omics-based systematic investigation has been suggested to understand the synergistic or antagonistic interactions between sugars, hormones and reactive oxygen species at various points of sucrose flow from source to sink under high temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Meenakshi Thakur
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur, 177 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Raktim Mitra
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Sudipta Basu
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Anjali Anand
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
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42
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Malik S, Zhao D. Epigenetic Regulation of Heat Stress in Plant Male Reproduction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:826473. [PMID: 35222484 PMCID: PMC8866763 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.826473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, male reproductive development is highly susceptible to heat stress. In this mini-review, we summarized different anomalies in tapetum, microspores, and pollen grains during anther development under heat stress. We then discussed how epigenetic control, particularly DNA methylation, is employed to cope with heat stress in male reproduction. Further understanding of epigenetic mechanisms by which plants manage heat stress during male reproduction will provide new genetic engineering and molecular breeding tools for generating heat-resistant crops.
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Male Fertility under Environmental Stress: Do Polyamines Act as Pollen Tube Growth Protectants? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031874. [PMID: 35163795 PMCID: PMC8836739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although pollen structure and morphology evolved toward the optimization of stability and fertilization efficiency, its performance is affected by harsh environmental conditions, e.g., heat, cold, drought, pollutants, and other stressors. These phenomena are expected to increase in the coming years in relation to predicted environmental scenarios, contributing to a rapid increase in the interest of the scientific community in understanding the molecular and physiological responses implemented by male gametophyte to accomplish reproduction. Here, after a brief introduction summarizing the main events underlying pollen physiology with a focus on polyamine involvement in its development and germination, we review the main effects that environmental stresses can cause on pollen. We report the most relevant evidence in the literature underlying morphological, cytoskeletal, metabolic and signaling alterations involved in stress perception and response, focusing on the final stage of pollen life, i.e., from when it hydrates, to pollen tube growth and sperm cell transport, with these being the most sensitive to environmental changes. Finally, we hypothesize the molecular mechanisms through which polyamines, well-known molecules involved in plant development, stress response and adaptation, can exert a protective action against environmental stresses in pollen by decoding the essential steps and the intersection between polyamines and pollen tube growth mechanisms.
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Fu H, Zhao J, Ren Z, Yang K, Wang C, Zhang X, Elesawi IE, Zhang X, Xia J, Chen C, Lu P, Chen Y, Liu H, Yu G, Liu B. Interfered chromosome pairing at high temperature promotes meiotic instability in autotetraploid Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1210-1228. [PMID: 34927688 PMCID: PMC8825311 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Changes in environmental temperature affect multiple meiotic processes in flowering plants. Polyploid plants derived from whole-genome duplication (WGD) have enhanced genetic plasticity and tolerance to environmental stress but face challenges in organizing and segregating doubled chromosome sets. In this study, we investigated the impact of increased environmental temperature on male meiosis in autotetraploid Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Under low to mildly increased temperatures (5°C-28°C), irregular chromosome segregation universally occurred in synthetic autotetraploid Columbia-0 (Col-0). Similar meiotic lesions occurred in autotetraploid rice (Oryza sativa L.) and allotetraploid canola (Brassica napus cv Westar), but not in evolutionarily derived hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum). At extremely high temperatures, chromosome separation and tetrad formation became severely disordered due to univalent formation caused by the suppression of crossing-over. We found a strong correlation between tetravalent formation and successful chromosome pairing, both of which were negatively correlated with temperature elevation, suggesting that increased temperature interferes with crossing-over predominantly by impacting homolog pairing. We also showed that loading irregularities of axis proteins ASY1 and ASY4 co-localize on the chromosomes of the syn1 mutant and the heat-stressed diploid and autotetraploid Col-0, revealing that heat stress affects the lateral region of synaptonemal complex (SC) by impacting the stability of the chromosome axis. Moreover, we showed that chromosome axis and SC in autotetraploid Col-0 are more sensitive to increased temperature than those in diploid Arabidopsis. Taken together, our data provide evidence suggesting that WGD negatively affects the stability and thermal tolerance of meiotic recombination in newly synthetic autotetraploid Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Fu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ziming Ren
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ke Yang
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ibrahim Eid Elesawi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Agricultural Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Xianhua Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jing Xia
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chunli Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yongxing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guanghui Yu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
- Author for communication:
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45
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Han S, Jiang S, Xiong R, Shafique K, Zahid KR, Wang Y. Response and tolerance mechanism of food crops under high temperature stress: a review. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e253898. [PMID: 35107484 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.253898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
High temperature stress events are critical factors inhibiting crop yield. Meanwhile, world population is growing very rapidly and will be reached up to 9 billion by 2050. To feed increasing world population, it is challenging task to increase about 70% global food productions. Food crops have significant contribution toward global food demand and food security. However, consequences from increasing heat stress events are demolishing their abilities to survive and sustain yield when subjected to extreme high temperature stress. Therefore, there is dire need to better understand response and tolerance mechanism of food crops following exposure to heat stress. Here, we aimed to provide recent update on impact of high temperature stress on crop yield of food crops, pollination, pollinators, and novel strategies for improving tolerance of food crop under high temperature stress. Importantly, development of heat-resistant transgenic food crops can grant food security through transformation of superior genes into current germplasm, which are associated with various signaling pathways as well as epigenetic regulation in response to extreme high temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Han
- Liupanshui Normal University, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Liupanshui, China
| | - S Jiang
- Zhengzhou Normal University, Bioengineering Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - R Xiong
- Liupanshui Normal University, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Liupanshui, China
| | - K Shafique
- Government Sadiq College Women University, Department of Botany, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - K R Zahid
- Shenzhen University, Carson International Cancer Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Wang
- Liupanshui Normal University, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Liupanshui, China
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46
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Chen Z, Galli M, Gallavotti A. Mechanisms of temperature-regulated growth and thermotolerance in crop species. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 65:102134. [PMID: 34749068 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is a major environmental factor affecting the development and productivity of crop species. The ability to cope with periods of high temperatures, also known as thermotolerance, is becoming an increasingly indispensable trait for the future of agriculture owing to the current trajectory of average global temperatures. From temperature sensing to downstream transcriptional changes, here, we review recent findings involving the thermal regulation of plant growth and the effects of heat on hormonal pathways, reactive oxygen species, and epigenetic regulation. We also highlight recent approaches and strategies that could be integrated to confront the challenges in sustaining crop productivity in future decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongliang Chen
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA
| | - Mary Galli
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA
| | - Andrea Gallavotti
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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47
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Lohani N, Singh MB, Bhalla PL. Biological Parts for Engineering Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. BIODESIGN RESEARCH 2022; 2022:9819314. [PMID: 37850130 PMCID: PMC10521667 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9819314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
It is vital to ramp up crop production dramatically by 2050 due to the increasing global population and demand for food. However, with the climate change projections showing that droughts and heatwaves becoming common in much of the globe, there is a severe threat of a sharp decline in crop yields. Thus, developing crop varieties with inbuilt genetic tolerance to environmental stresses is urgently needed. Selective breeding based on genetic diversity is not keeping up with the growing demand for food and feed. However, the emergence of contemporary plant genetic engineering, genome-editing, and synthetic biology offer precise tools for developing crops that can sustain productivity under stress conditions. Here, we summarize the systems biology-level understanding of regulatory pathways involved in perception, signalling, and protective processes activated in response to unfavourable environmental conditions. The potential role of noncoding RNAs in the regulation of abiotic stress responses has also been highlighted. Further, examples of imparting abiotic stress tolerance by genetic engineering are discussed. Additionally, we provide perspectives on the rational design of abiotic stress tolerance through synthetic biology and list various bioparts that can be used to design synthetic gene circuits whose stress-protective functions can be switched on/off in response to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Lohani
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Mohan B. Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Prem L. Bhalla
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Xie DL, Huang HM, Zhou CY, Liu CX, Kanwar MK, Qi ZY, Zhou J. HsfA1a confers pollen thermotolerance through upregulating antioxidant capacity, protein repair, and degradation in Solanum lycopersicum L. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac163. [PMID: 36204210 PMCID: PMC9531336 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The heat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) play critical roles in plant responses to abiotic stresses. However, the mechanism of Hsfs in the regulation of pollen thermotolerance and their specific biological functions and signaling remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that HsfA1a played a key role in tomato pollen thermotolerance. Pollen thermotolerance was reduced in hsfA1a mutants but was increased by hsfA1a overexpression, based on pollen viability and germination. Analyzing the whole transcriptome by RNA-seq data, we found that HsfA1a mainly regulated the genes involved in oxidative stress protection, protein homeostasis regulation and protein modification, as well as the response to biological stress in anthers under heat stress. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species in anthers was enhanced in hsfA1a mutants but decreased in HsfA1a-overexpressing lines. Furthermore, HsfA1a bound to the promoter region of genes involved in redox regulation (Cu/Zn-SOD, GST8, and MDAR1), protein repair (HSP17.6A, HSP70-2, HSP90-2, and HSP101) and degradation (UBP5, UBP18, RPN10a, and ATG10) and regulated the expression of these genes in tomato anthers under heat stress. Our findings suggest that HsfA1a maintains pollen thermotolerance and cellular homeostasis by enhancing antioxidant capacity and protein repair and degradation, ultimately improving pollen viability and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ling Xie
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hua-Min Huang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Can-Yu Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chen-Xu Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Kanwar
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Qi
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Lohani N, Singh MB, Bhalla PL. Rapid Transcriptional Reprogramming Associated With Heat Stress-Induced Unfolded Protein Response in Developing Brassica napus Anthers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:905674. [PMID: 35755714 PMCID: PMC9218420 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.905674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate change associated increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme temperature events negatively impact agricultural productivity and global food security. During the reproductive phase of a plant's life cycle, such high temperatures hinder pollen development, preventing fertilization, and seed formation. At the molecular level, heat stress-induced accumulation of misfolded proteins activates a signaling pathway called unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the cytoplasm to enhance the protein folding capacity of the cell. Here, we report transcriptional responses of Brassica napus anthers exposed to high temperature for 5, 15, and 30 min to decipher the rapid transcriptional reprogramming associated with the unfolded protein response. Functional classification of the upregulated transcripts highlighted rapid activation of the ER-UPR signaling pathway mediated by ER membrane-anchored transcription factor within 5 min of heat stress exposure. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis also identified "Protein processing in ER" as the most significantly enriched pathway, indicating that the unfolded protein response (UPR) is an immediate heat stress-responsive pathway during B. napus anther development. Five minutes of heat stress also led to robust induction of the cytosolic HSF-HSP heat response network. Our results present a perspective of the rapid and massive transcriptional reprogramming during heat stress in pollen development and highlight the need for investigating the nature and function of very early stress-responsive networks in plant cells. Research focusing on very early molecular responses of plant cells to external stresses has the potential to reveal new stress-responsive gene networks that can be explored further for developing climate change resilient crops.
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Kourani M, Mohareb F, Rezwan FI, Anastasiadi M, Hammond JP. Genetic and Physiological Responses to Heat Stress in Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:832147. [PMID: 35449889 PMCID: PMC9016328 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.832147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Given the current rise in global temperatures, heat stress has become a major abiotic challenge affecting the growth and development of various crops and reducing their productivity. Brassica napus, the second largest source of vegetable oil worldwide, experiences a drastic reduction in seed yield and quality in response to heat. This review outlines the latest research that explores the genetic and physiological impact of heat stress on different developmental stages of B. napus with a special attention to the reproductive stages of floral progression, organogenesis, and post flowering. Several studies have shown that extreme temperature fluctuations during these crucial periods have detrimental effects on the plant and often leading to impaired growth and reduced seed production. The underlying mechanisms of heat stress adaptations and associated key regulatory genes are discussed. Furthermore, an overview and the implications of the polyploidy nature of B. napus and the regulatory role of alternative splicing in forming a priming-induced heat-stress memory are presented. New insights into the dynamics of epigenetic modifications during heat stress are discussed. Interestingly, while such studies are scarce in B. napus, opposite trends in expression of key genetic and epigenetic components have been identified in different species and in cultivars within the same species under various abiotic stresses, suggesting a complex role of these genes and their regulation in heat stress tolerance mechanisms. Additionally, omics-based studies are discussed with emphasis on the transcriptome, proteome and metabolome of B. napus, to gain a systems level understanding of how heat stress alters its yield and quality traits. The combination of omics approaches has revealed crucial interactions and regulatory networks taking part in the complex machinery of heat stress tolerance. We identify key knowledge gaps regarding the impact of heat stress on B. napus during its yield determining reproductive stages, where in-depth analysis of this subject is still needed. A deeper knowledge of heat stress response components and mechanisms in tissue specific models would serve as a stepping-stone to gaining insights into the regulation of thermotolerance that takes place in this important crop species and support future breeding of heat tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Kourani
- Bioinformatics Group, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
| | - Fady Mohareb
- Bioinformatics Group, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Fady Mohareb,
| | - Faisal I. Rezwan
- Bioinformatics Group, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Anastasiadi
- Bioinformatics Group, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
| | - John P. Hammond
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- John P. Hammond,
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