1
|
Zamanian MY, Golmohammadi M, Amin RS, Bustani GS, Romero-Parra RM, Zabibah RS, Oz T, Jalil AT, Soltani A, Kujawska M. Therapeutic Targeting of Krüppel-Like Factor 4 and Its Pharmacological Potential in Parkinson's Disease: a Comprehensive Review. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3596-3606. [PMID: 37996730 PMCID: PMC11087351 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a zinc finger transcription factor, is found in different human tissues and shows diverse regulatory activities in a cell-dependent manner. In the brain, KLF4 controls various neurophysiological and neuropathological processes, and its contribution to various neurological diseases has been widely reported. Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease that might have a connection with KLF4. In this review, we discussed the potential implication of KLF4 in fundamental molecular mechanisms of PD, including aberrant proteostasis, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and iron overload. The evidence collected herein sheds new light on KLF4-mediated pathways, which manipulation appears to be a promising therapeutic target for PD management. However, there is a gap in the knowledge on this topic, and extended research is required to understand the translational value of the KLF4-oriented therapeutical approach in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yasin Zamanian
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6718773654, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6718773654, Iran
| | - Maryam Golmohammadi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1988873554, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Rahman S Zabibah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Tuba Oz
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq
| | - Afsaneh Soltani
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1988873554, Iran.
| | - Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806, Poznan, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Choi Y, Lee O, Ryu K, Roh J. Luteinizing Hormone Surge-Induced Krüppel-like Factor 4 Inhibits Cyp17A1 Expression in Preovulatory Granulosa Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 12:71. [PMID: 38255178 PMCID: PMC10813437 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated a dramatic up-regulation of Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) in rat preovulatory granulosa cells (GCs) after LH/hCG treatment and its role in regulating Cyp19A1 expression during the luteal shift in steroidogenesis. In this study, we examined whether Klf4 also mediates the LH-induced repression of Cyp17A1 expression in primary rat preovulatory GCs. In response to LH treatment of GCs in vitro, Cyp17A1 expression declined to less than half of its initial value by 1 h, remaining low for 24 h of culture. Overexpression of Klf4 decreased basal and Sf1-induced Cyp17A1 expressions and increased progesterone secretion. Reduction of endogenous Klf4 by siRNA elevated basal Cyp17A1 expression but did not affect LH-stimulated progesterone production. Overexpression of Klf4 also significantly attenuated Sf1-induced Cyp17A1 promoter activity. On the other hand, mutation of the conserved Sp1/Klf binding motif in the promoter revealed that this motif is not required for Klf4-mediated repression. Taken together, these data indicate that the Cyp17A1 gene may be one of the downstream targets of Klf4, which is induced by LH in preovulatory GCs. This information may help in identifying potential targets for preventing the molecular changes occurring in hyperandrogenic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Choi
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (Y.C.); (O.L.)
| | - Okto Lee
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (Y.C.); (O.L.)
| | - Kiyoung Ryu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Guri-si 11923, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jaesook Roh
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (Y.C.); (O.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pouliou M, Koutsi MA, Champezou L, Giannopoulou AI, Vatsellas G, Piperi C, Agelopoulos M. MYCN Amplifications and Metabolic Rewiring in Neuroblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4803. [PMID: 37835497 PMCID: PMC10571721 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease caused by (epi)genomic and gene expression abnormalities and characterized by metabolic phenotypes that are substantially different from the normal phenotypes of the tissues of origin. Metabolic reprogramming is one of the key features of tumors, including those established in the human nervous system. In this work, we emphasize a well-known cancerous genomic alteration: the amplification of MYCN and its downstream effects in neuroblastoma phenotype evolution. Herein, we extend our previous computational biology investigations by conducting an integrative workflow applied to published genomics datasets and comprehensively assess the impact of MYCN amplification in the upregulation of metabolism-related transcription factor (TF)-encoding genes in neuroblastoma cells. The results obtained first emphasized overexpressed TFs, and subsequently those committed in metabolic cellular processes, as validated by gene ontology analyses (GOs) and literature curation. Several genes encoding for those TFs were investigated at the mechanistic and regulatory levels by conducting further omics-based computational biology assessments applied on published ChIP-seq datasets retrieved from MYCN-amplified- and MYCN-enforced-overexpression within in vivo systems of study. Hence, we approached the mechanistic interrelationship between amplified MYCN and overexpression of metabolism-related TFs in neuroblastoma and showed that many are direct targets of MYCN in an amplification-inducible fashion. These results illuminate how MYCN executes its regulatory underpinnings on metabolic processes in neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marialena Pouliou
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St., 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.P.); (M.A.K.); (L.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Marianna A. Koutsi
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St., 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.P.); (M.A.K.); (L.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Lydia Champezou
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St., 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.P.); (M.A.K.); (L.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Angeliki-Ioanna Giannopoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street Bldg 16, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Giannis Vatsellas
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St., 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.P.); (M.A.K.); (L.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street Bldg 16, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Marios Agelopoulos
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St., 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.P.); (M.A.K.); (L.C.); (G.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhuo Z, Wang Y, Kong H, Fu T. GKLF, a transcriptional activator of Txnip, drives microglia activation in kainic acid-induced murine models of epileptic seizures. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110426. [PMID: 37295029 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a major component of epilepsy. Gut-enriched Kruppel-like factor (GKLF), a transcription factor of Kruppel-like factor family, has been reported to promote microglia activation and mediate neuroinflammation. However, the role of GKLF in epilepsy remains poorly characterized. This study focused on the function of GKLF in neuron loss and neuroinflammation in epilepsy and the molecular mechanism underlying microglia activation induced by GKLF upon lipopolysaccharides (LPS) treatment. An experimental epileptic model was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg/kg kainic acid (KA). Lentivirus vectors (Lv) carrying Gklf CDS or short hairpin RNA targeting Gklf (shGKLF) was injected into the hippocampus, resulting in Gklf overexpression or knockdown in the hippocampus. BV-2 cells were co-infected with Lv-shGKLF or/and Lv carrying thioredoxin interacting protein (Txnip) CDS for 48 h and treated with 1 μg/mL LPS for 24 h. Results showed that GKLF enhanced KA-induced neuronal loss, pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, activation of NOD-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes and microglia, and TXNIP expression in the hippocampus. GKLF inhibition showed negative effects on LPS-induced microglia activation, as evidenced by reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. GKLF bound to Txnip promoter and increased TXNIP expression in LPS-activated microglia. Interestingly, Txnip overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of Gklf knockdown on microglia activation. These findings indicated that GKLF was involved in microglia activation via TXNIP. This study demonstrates the underlying mechanism of GKLF in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and uncovers that GKLF inhibition may be a therapeutic strategy for epilepsy treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zhuo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Huimin Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Tianjiao Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Grady CI, Walsh LM, Heiss JD. Mitoepigenetics and gliomas: epigenetic alterations to mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA alter mtDNA expression and contribute to glioma pathogenicity. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1154753. [PMID: 37332990 PMCID: PMC10270738 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1154753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms allow cells to fine-tune gene expression in response to environmental stimuli. For decades, it has been known that mitochondria have genetic material. Still, only recently have studies shown that epigenetic factors regulate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene expression. Mitochondria regulate cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and energy metabolism, all critical areas of dysfunction in gliomas. Methylation of mtDNA, alterations in mtDNA packaging via mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and regulation of mtDNA transcription via the micro-RNAs (mir 23-b) and long noncoding RNAs [RNA mitochondrial RNA processing (RMRP)] have all been identified as contributing to glioma pathogenicity. Developing new interventions interfering with these pathways may improve glioma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare I. Grady
- Neurosurgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lisa M. Walsh
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John D. Heiss
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li X, Zeng X, Kim D, Jiang J, Wei F, Zhang J, Chai B, Fu L, Lee Y, Kim C, Chen H. Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) facilitates lipid production in immortalized human sebocytes via regulating the expression of SREBP1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 667:146-152. [PMID: 37229823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne is associated with the excessive production of sebum, a complex mixture of lipids, in the sebaceous glands. The transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) plays an important role in skin morphogenesis, but its role in sebum production by sebocytes is not well known. PURPOSE In this study, we investigated the possible action mechanism of KLF4 during calcium-induced lipogenesis in immortalized human sebocytes. METHODS Sebocytes were treated with calcium, and lipid production was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and Oil Red O staining. To investigate the effect of KLF4, sebocytes were transduced with the KLF4-overexpressing adenovirus, and then lipid production was evaluated. RESULTS Calcium treatment resulted in increased sebum production in terms of squalene synthesis in sebocytes. In addition, calcium increased the expression of lipogenic regulators such as sterol-regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), sterol-regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD). Similarly, the expression of KLF4 was increased by calcium in sebocytes. To investigate the effect of KLF4, we overexpressed KLF4 in sebocytes using recombinant adenovirus. As a result, KLF4 overexpression increased the expression of SREBP1, SREBP2, and SCD. Parallel to this result, lipid production was also increased by KLF4 overexpression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed the binding of KLF4 to the SREBP1 promoter, indicating that KLF4 may directly regulate the expression of lipogenic regulators. CONCLUSION These results suggest that KLF4 is a novel regulator of lipid production in sebocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- XueMei Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - DoYeon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fen Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - JingYu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, China; Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Bao Chai
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, China; Department of Dermatology, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Li Fu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - ChangDeok Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea.
| | - HongXiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, China; Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu W, Dong X, Luo S, Guo S, Zhou W, Song W. Transcriptional activation of CSTB gene expression by transcription factor Sp3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 649:71-78. [PMID: 36745972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
CSTB has been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of many malignant tumors, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, how the expression of this gene is regulated is largely unknown. We initially cloned and analyzed the promoter region of the CSTB gene by luciferase assay and the Sp3 binding site (CCCCGCCCCGCG) was found in it. The results of electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments verified that the transcription factor, Sp3 could bind to the " CCCCGCCCCGCG ″ site of the CSTB gene promoter. We showed that the overexpression of Sp3 significantly increased the endogenous mRNA and protein expression levels of CSTB, whereas knockdown of Sp3 decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels according to quantitative real-time PCR (qRT‒PCR) and western blotting. In conclusion, CSTB gene expression is closely regulated by transcription factor Sp3, which may be a potential mechanism for the dysregulation of CSTB expression in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangjun Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuyue Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shipeng Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weihui Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Weihong Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China; Oujiang Laboratory Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li L, Zhang X, Li Y, Xiao B, Pei S, Jiang H, Zhang X. Transcription factor KLF16 activates MAGT1 to regulate the tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer. Int J Mol Med 2022; 50:115. [PMID: 35796007 PMCID: PMC9282640 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. The present study aimed to explore the role of magnesium transporter protein 1 (MAGT1) in breast cancer and to illustrate the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to explore the association between MAGT1 expression and patients with breast cancer. MTT, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to examine the proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities of MCF-7 cells. Western blot analysis was conducted to determine the corresponding protein expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays were carried out to reveal the interaction between MAGT1 and the Kruppel-like factor 16 (KLF16). In addition, an experimental animal model was established by the subcutaneous injection of MCF-7 cells into BALB/c nude mice, and tumor weight and size were measured. The results revealed that MAGT1 expression was upregulated in breast cancer. MAGT1 knockdown significantly suppressed the MCF-7 cell proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities, and downregulated the protein expression of Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, MMP2 and MMP9. MAGT1 knockdown also markedly suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, KLF6 could bind to the MAGT1 promoter and positively regulate MAGT1 expression. The inhibitory effects of KLF6 knockdown on cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo were partly abolished by MAGT1 overexpression. On the whole, the findings of the present study suggest that MAGT1 knockdown exerts notable inhibitory effects on the progression of breast cancer, providing a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yuqi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637003, P.R. China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Nanchong Jialing District People's Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan 637931, P.R. China
| | - Sibiao Pei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637003, P.R. China
| | - Hangyu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637003, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Uddin MH, Al-Hallak N, Philip PA, Chen H, El-Rayes B, Azmi AS. Aberrant transcription factors in the cancers of the pancreas. Semin Cancer Biol 2022:S1044-579X(22)00197-3. [PMID: 36058426 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are essential for proper activation of gene set during the process of organogenesis, differentiation, lineage specificity. Reactivation or dysregulation of TFs regulatory networks could lead to deformation of organs, diseases including various malignancies. Currently, understanding the mechanism of oncogenesis became necessity for the development of targeted therapeutic strategy for different cancer types. It is evident that many TFs go awry in cancers of the pancreas such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs). These mutated or dysregulated TFs abnormally controls various signaling pathways in PDAC and PanNENs including RTK, PI3K-PTEN-AKT-mTOR, JNK, TGF-β/SMAD, WNT/β-catenin, SHH, NOTCH and VEGF which in turn regulate different hallmarks of cancer. Aberrant regulation of such pathways have been linked to the initiation, progression, metastasis, and resistance in pancreatic cancer. As of today, a number of TFs has been identified as crucial regulators of pancreatic cancer and a handful of them shown to have potential as therapeutic targets in pre-clinical and clinical settings. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge on the role and therapeutic usefulness of TFs in PDAC and PanNENs.
Collapse
|
10
|
Tsytsykova AV, Wiley G, Li C, Pelikan RC, Garman L, Acquah FA, Mooers BH, Tsitsikov EN, Dunn IF. Mutated KLF4(K409Q) in meningioma binds STRs and activates FGF3 gene expression. iScience 2022; 25:104839. [PMID: 35996584 PMCID: PMC9391581 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a transcription factor that has been proven necessary for both induction and maintenance of pluripotency and self-renewal. Whole-genome sequencing defined a unique mutation in KLF4 (KLF4K409Q) in human meningiomas. However, the molecular mechanism of this tumor-specific KLF4 mutation is unknown. Using genome-wide high-throughput and focused quantitative transcriptional approaches in human cell lines, primary meningeal cells, and meningioma tumor tissue, we found that a change in the evolutionarily conserved DNA-binding domain of KLF4 alters its DNA recognition preference, resulting in a shift in downstream transcriptional activity. In the KLF4K409Q-specific targets, the normally silent fibroblast growth factor 3 (FGF3) is activated. We demonstrated a neomorphic function of KLF4K409Q in stimulating FGF3 transcription through binding to its promoter and in using short tandem repeats (STRs) located within the locus as enhancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alla V. Tsytsykova
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Graham Wiley
- Clinical Genomics Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Chuang Li
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Richard C. Pelikan
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lori Garman
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Francis A. Acquah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Blaine H.M. Mooers
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Erdyni N. Tsitsikov
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ian F. Dunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Luo DD, Zhao F. KLF4 suppresses the proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC cells via inhibition of MSI2 and regulation of the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. Transl Oncol 2022; 22:101396. [PMID: 35580385 PMCID: PMC9117691 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
KLF4 is downregulated, while MSI2 is upregulated in NSCLC tissues. Overexpression of KLF4 suppresses NSCLC cell migration and invasion. Knockdown of MSI2 suppresses the migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. KLF4 inhibits the transcription of MSI2 in NSCLC cells. KLF4 suppressed the invasion and migration of NSCLC cells via inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway.
Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains an aggresive tumor with poor survival rates. Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is known to be involved in progression of NSCLC; however, the detailed mechanism by which KLF4 regulates the progression of NSCLC remains unclear. Methods In order to investigate the function of KLF4 in NSCLC, cell proliferation was measured by MTT and colony formation assays. The migration and invasion of NSCLC cells were detected via wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. Then, the interaction between KLF4 and MSI2 was confirmed using a dual-luciferase reporter assay, and the mechanism by which KLF4 regulates the tumorigenesis of NSCLC was assessed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Results The results showed that KLF4 was downregulated, while MSI2 was upregulated in NSCLC. Additionally, KLF4 could inhibit transcription of MSI2, and overexpression of KLF4 or knockdown of MSI2 could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. Moreover, KLF4 could inhibit JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. Conclusions In conclusion, KLF4 significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of NSCLC cells via inactivation of MSI2/JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. Thereby, our finding might shed new lights on exploring the new strategies against NSCLC.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang XP, Huang Z, Li YL, Jin KY, Dong DJ, Wang JX, Zhao XF. Krüppel-like factor 15 integrated autophagy and gluconeogenesis to maintain glucose homeostasis under 20-hydroxyecdysone regulation. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010229. [PMID: 35696369 PMCID: PMC9191741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of glycometabolism homeostasis is vital to maintain health and development of animal and humans; however, the molecular mechanisms by which organisms regulate the glucose metabolism homeostasis from a feeding state switching to a non-feeding state are not fully understood. Using the holometabolous lepidopteran insect Helicoverpa armigera, cotton bollworm, as a model, we revealed that the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) upregulated the expression of transcription factor Krüppel-like factor (identified as Klf15) to promote macroautophagy/autophagy, apoptosis and gluconeogenesis during metamorphosis. 20E via its nuclear receptor EcR upregulated Klf15 transcription in the fat body during metamorphosis. Knockdown of Klf15 using RNA interference delayed pupation and repressed autophagy and apoptosis of larval fat body during metamorphosis. KLF15 promoted autophagic flux and transiting to apoptosis. KLF15 bound to the KLF binding site (KLF bs) in the promoter of Atg8 (autophagy-related gene 8/LC3) to upregulate Atg8 expression. Knockdown Atg8 reduced free fatty acids (FFAs), glycerol, free amino acids (FAAs) and glucose levels. However, knockdown of Klf15 accumulated FFAs, glycerol, and FAAs. Glycolysis was switched to gluconeogenesis, trehalose and glycogen synthesis were changed to degradation during metamorphosis, which were accompanied by the variation of the related genes expression. KLF15 upregulated phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pepck) expression by binding to KLF bs in the Pepck promoter for gluconeogenesis, which utilised FFAs, glycerol, and FAAs directly or indirectly to increase glucose in the hemolymph. Taken together, 20E via KLF15 integrated autophagy and gluconeogenesis by promoting autophagy-related and gluconeogenesis-related genes expression. Glucose is the direct substrate for energy production in animal and humans. Autophagy and gluconeogenesis are known to help organisms maintaining energy substrates; however, the mechanism of integration of autophagy and gluconeogenesis is unclear. Holometabolous insects stop feeding during metamorphosis under steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) regulation, providing a good model for the study. Using lepidopteran insect Helicoverpa armigera, cotton bollworm, as a model, we revealed that Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) integrated autophagy and gluconeogenesis to maintain glucose homeostasis under 20E regulation. 20E increased Klf15 expression, and KLF15 in turn promoted autophagy-related and gluconeogenesis-related genes expression during metamorphosis. Autophagy and apoptosis of the fat body provided substrates for gluconeogenesis. This work clarified the important functions and mechanisms of KLF15 in autophagy and glycometabolism reprogramming for glucose homeostasis after feeding stop during insect metamorphosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Pei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan-Li Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ke-Yan Jin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Du-Juan Dong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sharma R, Choi KJ, Quan MD, Sharma S, Sankaran B, Park H, LaGrone A, Kim JJ, MacKenzie KR, Ferreon ACM, Kim C, Ferreon JC. Liquid condensation of reprogramming factor KLF4 with DNA provides a mechanism for chromatin organization. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5579. [PMID: 34552088 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25761-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of a few master transcription factors can reprogram the epigenetic landscape and three-dimensional chromatin topology of differentiated cells and achieve pluripotency. During reprogramming, thousands of long-range chromatin contacts are altered, and changes in promoter association with enhancers dramatically influence transcription. Molecular participants at these sites have been identified, but how this re-organization might be orchestrated is not known. Biomolecular condensation is implicated in subcellular organization, including the recruitment of RNA polymerase in transcriptional activation. Here, we show that reprogramming factor KLF4 undergoes biomolecular condensation even in the absence of its intrinsically disordered region. Liquid–liquid condensation of the isolated KLF4 DNA binding domain with a DNA fragment from the NANOG proximal promoter is enhanced by CpG methylation of a KLF4 cognate binding site. We propose KLF4-mediated condensation as one mechanism for selectively organizing and re-organizing the genome based on the local sequence and epigenetic state. KLF4, OCT4, SOX2 and MYC cooperate to reorganize chromatin during somatic cell reprogramming. Here the authors show that KLF4 forms a liquid-like biomolecular condensate that recruits OCT4 and SOX2, and that condensation of the isolated KLF4 DNA binding domain with DNA is enhanced by CpG methylation
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhou Z, Huang F, Shrivastava I, Zhu R, Luo A, Hottiger M, Bahar I, Liu Z, Cristofanilli M, Wan Y. New insight into the significance of KLF4 PARylation in genome stability, carcinogenesis, and therapy. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e12391. [PMID: 33231937 PMCID: PMC7721363 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
KLF4 plays a critical role in determining cell fate responding to various stresses or oncogenic signaling. Here, we demonstrated that KLF4 is tightly regulated by poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation (PARylation). We revealed the subcellular compartmentation for KLF4 is orchestrated by PARP1‐mediated PARylation. We identified that PARylation of KLF4 is critical to govern KLF4 transcriptional activity through recruiting KLF4 from soluble nucleus to the chromatin. We mapped molecular motifs on KLF4 and PARP1 that facilitate their interaction and unveiled the pivotal role of the PBZ domain YYR motif (Y430, Y451 and R452) on KLF4 in enabling PARP1‐mediated PARylation of KLF4. Disruption of KLF4 PARylation results in failure in DNA damage response. Depletion of KLF4 by RNA interference or interference with PARP1 function by KLF4YYR/AAA (a PARylation‐deficient mutant) significantly sensitizes breast cancer cells to PARP inhibitors. We further demonstrated the role of KLF4 in modulating homologous recombination through regulating BRCA1 transcription. Our work points to the synergism between KLF4 and PARP1 in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy, which provides a potential new therapeutic strategy for killing BRCA1‐proficient triple‐negative breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Pharmacology, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Furong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Indira Shrivastava
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Michael Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- Lynn Sage Breast Cancer Program, Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Pharmacology, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rong Z, Luo Z, Zhang J, Li T, Zhu Z, Yu Z, Fu Z, Qiu Z, Huang C. GINS complex subunit 4, a prognostic biomarker and reversely mediated by Krüppel-like factor 4, promotes the growth of colorectal cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1203-1217. [PMID: 32012389 PMCID: PMC7156840 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
GINS complex subunit 4 (GINS4) is essential for DNA replication initiation and elongation in the G1 /S phase cell cycle in eukaryotes, however, its functional roles and molecular mechanisms remain unclear in many aspects. Our study was designed to investigate the clinical significance, biological function, and molecular mechanism of GINS4 in colorectal cancer (CRC). First, we confirmed that GINS4 expression was significantly overexpressed in CRC cells and tissues. The immunohistochemical results in tissue microarray from 106 CRC patients showed that a high level of GINS4 expression was positively correlated with advanced T stage, higher tumor TNM stage, and poor differentiation. The results from univariate and multivariate survival analysis models based on 106 CRC patients revealed that GINS4 might serve as an independent prognostic indicator for overall survival and disease-free survival of CRC patients. Moreover, downregulated GINS4 can inhibit growth and the cell cycle and accelerate cell apoptosis progression in vitro as well as inhibit tumorigenesis in vivo. Besides, our results also indicated that Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) can negatively regulate GINS4 expression at the transcriptional level and the KLF/GINS4 pathway might play a vital role in the growth and prognosis of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyin Rong
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zai Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonglin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhilong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongmao Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengjun Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kulczynska K, Bieker JJ, Siatecka M. A Krüppel-like factor 1 ( KLF1) Mutation Associated with Severe Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia Alters Its DNA-Binding Specificity. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:e00444-19. [PMID: 31818881 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.00444-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 1 (KLF1/EKLF) is a transcription factor that globally activates genes involved in erythroid cell development. Various mutations are identified in the human KLF1 gene. The E325K mutation causes congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) type IV, characterized by severe anemia and non-erythroid-cell-related symptoms. The CDA mutation is in the second zinc finger of KLF1 at a position functionally involved in its interactions with DNA. The molecular parameters of how CDA-KLF1 exerts its biological effects have not been addressed. Here, using an in vitro selection strategy, we determined the preferred DNA-binding site for CDA-KLF1. Binding to the deduced consensus sequence is supported by in vitro gel shifts and by in vivo functional reporter gene studies. Two significant changes compared to wild-type (WT) binding are observed: G is selected as the middle nucleotide, and the 3' portion of the consensus sequence is more degenerate. As a consequence, CDA-KLF1 did not bind the WT consensus sequence. However, activation of ectopic sites is promoted. Continuous activation of WT target genes occurs if they fortuitously contain the novel CDA site nearby. Our findings provide a molecular understanding of how a single mutation in the KLF1 zinc finger exerts effects on erythroid physiology in CDA type IV.
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The transition from granulosa cell (GC) to luteal cell involves a change from estrogen production to predominantly progesterone production. We analyzed the role of Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4), a transcriptional repressor used to generate pluripotent cells, in that transition. After luteinizing hormone (LH)/human chorionic gonadotropin treatment of preovulatory follicles, a major but transient increase in Klf4 transcript levels was detected. Therefore, we enquired whether Klf4 is involved in the rapid decline of aromatase, the key estrogen-producing enzyme, using preovulatory GCs obtained from pregnant mare serum gonadotropin-primed immature rat ovaries. Cyp19A1 expression in GCs transfected with FLAG-Klf4 or Klf4-specific siRNA was analyzed by real-time PCR and immunofluorescence staining. Cyp19A1 decreased when Klf4 was overexpressed, and Cyp19A1 and estradiol biosynthesis increased when Klf4 was knocked down. The mechanism by which Klf4 regulates Cyp19A1 expression was investigated using Cyp19A1 promoter-luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. The results revealed that the steroidogenic factor-1 (SF1)-binding motif, but not the specificity protein 1 (Sp1) binding element or the CACCC motif, was required for Klf4-mediated repression of Cyp19A1 promoter activity. Here we showed that Klf4 suppressed endogenous Cyp19A1 transcript and protein production, and this resulted from direct binding of Klf4 to the SF1 recognition motif in the Cyp19A1 promoter. These findings suggest that Klf4 is a physiologic regulator of Cyp19A1 expression in response to the LH surge in preovulatory GCs and that it has an essential role in the luteal transition in steroidogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonhae Choi
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Ki-Young Ryu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jaesook Roh
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University , Seoul , South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sun Y, Liu J, Wang B, Liu X, Du X, Liu Y, Zhang Q. Klf4 could be activated by Pou5f3/Stat3 to induce the expression of Nanog in Japanese flounder. Gene 2018; 687:56-63. [PMID: 30447341 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) is a zinc finger protein transcription factor of the KLF family and plays an important role in various important biological process, including cell proliferation, differentiation, embryonic development, and cancer formation. In this study, the full length Klf4 cDNA sequence of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was analyzed. Phylogenetic, gene structure, and synteny analysis revealed that PoKlf4 was conserved to that of teleost. Transcript of PoKlf4 showed that its expression was high during early embryonic development but reduced when gastrulation began, thus indicating its possible role in embryonic development. Tissue expression pattern showed that PoKlf4 was expressed higher in ovaries than in testes. ISH revealed that PoKlf4 was also expressed in spermatogonium, oocytes, and oogonia and in high levels in epithelial and lamellar epithelial cells of gills. Functional characterization of PoKlf4 gene promoter provided valuable information in understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of PoKlf4 gene. PoKlf4 could up-regulate Nanog, a gene that prevents ES cells from differentiating and being up-regulated by Pou5f3 and Stat3 genes that could maintain ES cell self-renewal. These results suggested that PoKlf4 maintains the pluripotency of ES cells. This study provides valuable information in exploring the regulatory network of PoKlf4 and lays the foundation for further research on the function of this gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jinxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxin Du
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Feng Y, Xiong Y, Qiao T, Li X, Jia L, Han Y. Lactate dehydrogenase A: A key player in carcinogenesis and potential target in cancer therapy. Cancer Med 2018; 7:6124-6136. [PMID: 30403008 PMCID: PMC6308051 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated glycolysis remains a universal and primary character of cancer metabolism, which deeply depends on dysregulated metabolic enzymes. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) facilitates glycolytic process by converting pyruvate to lactate. Numerous researches demonstrate LDHA has an aberrantly high expression in multiple cancers, which is associated with malignant progression. In this review, we summarized LDHA function in cancer research. First, we gave an introduction of structure, location, and basic function of LDHA. Following, we discussed the transcription and activation mode of LDHA. Further, we focused on the function of LDHA in cancer bio‐characteristics. Later, we discussed the clinical practice of LDHA in cancer prevention and treatment. What we discussed gives a precise insight into LDHA especially in cancer research, which will contribute to exploring cancer pathogenesis and its handling measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangbo Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanlu Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianyun Qiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lintao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a member of the family of zinc-finger transcription factors, is widely expressed in range of tissues that play multiple functions. Emerging evidence suggest KLF4’s critical regulatory effect on the neurophysiological and neuropathological processes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), indicating that KLF4 might be a potential therapeutic target of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will summarize relevant studies and illuminate the regulatory role of KLF4 in the neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, axon regeneration and iron accumulation to clarify KLF4’s status in the pathogenesis of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Cheng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohan Zou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuohui Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiayin Lv
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mamet J, Klukinov M, Harris S, Manning DC, Xie S, Pascual C, Taylor BK, Donahue RR, Yeomans DC. Intrathecal administration of AYX2 DNA-decoy produces a long-term pain treatment in rat models of chronic pain by inhibiting the KLF6, KLF9 and KLF15 transcription factors. Mol Pain 2018; 13:1744806917727917. [PMID: 28814144 PMCID: PMC5582654 DOI: 10.1177/1744806917727917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nociception is maintained by genome-wide regulation of transcription in the dorsal root ganglia—spinal cord network. Hence, transcription factors constitute a promising class of targets for breakthrough pharmacological interventions to treat chronic pain. DNA decoys are oligonucleotides and specific inhibitors of transcription factor activities. A methodological series of in vivo–in vitro screening cycles was performed with decoy/transcription factor couples to identify targets capable of producing a robust and long-lasting inhibition of established chronic pain. Decoys were injected intrathecally and their efficacy was tested in the spared nerve injury and chronic constriction injury models of chronic pain in rats using repetitive von Frey testing. Results Results demonstrated that a one-time administration of decoys binding to the Kruppel-like transcription factors (KLFs) 6, 9, and 15 produces a significant and weeks–month long reduction in mechanical hypersensitivity compared to controls. In the spared nerve injury model, decoy efficacy was correlated to its capacity to bind KLF15 and KLF9 at a specific ratio, while in the chronic constriction injury model, efficacy was correlated to the combined binding capacity to KLF6 and KLF9. AYX2, an 18-bp DNA decoy binding KLF6, KLF9, and KLF15, was optimized for clinical development, and it demonstrated significant efficacy in these models. Conclusions These data highlight KLF6, KLF9, and KLF15 as transcription factors required for the maintenance of chronic pain and illustrate the potential therapeutic benefits of AYX2 for the treatment of chronic pain.
Collapse
|
22
|
Oyinlade O, Wei S, Kammers K, Liu S, Wang S, Ma D, Huang ZY, Qian J, Zhu H, Wan J, Xia S. Analysis of KLF4 regulated genes in cancer cells reveals a role of DNA methylation in promoter- enhancer interactions. Epigenetics 2018; 13:751-768. [PMID: 30058478 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1504592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed an unexpected role of DNA methylation at promoter regions in transcription activation. However, whether DNA methylation at enhancer regions activates gene expression and influences cellular functions remains to be determined. In this study, by employing the transcription factor krÜppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) that binds to methylated CpGs (mCpGs), we investigated the molecular outcomes of the recruitment of KLF4 to mCpGs at enhancer regions in human glioblastoma cells. First, by integrating KLF4 ChIP-seq, whole-genome bisulfite sequence, and H3K27ac ChIP-seq datasets, we found 1,299 highly methylated (β >0.5) KLF4 binding sites, three-quarters of which were located at putative enhancer regions, including gene bodies and intergenic regions. In the meantime, by proteomics, we identified 16 proteins as putative targets upregulated by KLF4-mCpG binding at enhancer regions. By chromosome conformation capture (3C) analysis, we demonstrated that KLF4 bound to methylated CpGs at the enhancer regions of the B-cell lymphocyte kinase (BLK) and Lim domain only protein 7 (LMO7) genes, and activated their expression via 3D chromatin loop formation with their promoter regions. Expression of mutant KLF4, which lacks KLF4 ability to bind methylated DNA, or removal of DNA methylation in enhancer regions by a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor abolished chromatin loop formation and gene expression, suggesting the essential role of DNA methylation in enhancer-promoter interactions. Finally, we performed functional assays and showed that BLK was involved in glioblastoma cell migration. Together, our study established the concept that DNA methylation at enhancer regions interacts with transcription factors to activate gene expression and influence cellular functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olutobi Oyinlade
- a Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.,b Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Shuang Wei
- a Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.,c Department of Neurology , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.,g Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital , Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Kai Kammers
- d Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- i Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| | - Shuyan Wang
- a Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.,c Department of Neurology , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Ding Ma
- a Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.,c Department of Neurology , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Zhi-Yong Huang
- h Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital , Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Jiang Qian
- e Wilmer Eye Institute,Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Heng Zhu
- b Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.,f Center for High Throughput Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Jun Wan
- i Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , IN , USA.,j Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| | - Shuli Xia
- a Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.,c Department of Neurology , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kong X, Xu P, Cai WJ, Wang HG, Li BB, Huang GL, He ZW, Chen G, Ye CG. ZBP-89 and Sp1 contribute to Bak expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:419. [PMID: 29653560 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Kruppel family member zinc binding protein 89 (ZBP-89), also known as ZNF148, regulates Bak expression via binding to GC-rich promoter domain. It is not clear if other GC-rich binding factors, such as Sp family members, can interact with ZBPp-89 on Bak expression. This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of Bak expression regulation by ZBP-89 and Sp proteins, based on in vitro experiment and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) data cohort. Methods We downloaded TCGA hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cohort data to analysis the association of Bak transcription level with ZBP-89 and Sp proteins transcription level. HCC cell lines and liver immortal non-tumour cell lines were used for mechanism study, including western blotting analysis, expression vector mediated gene expression and siRNA interference. Results Results showed that cancer tissues have higher Bak transcription level compared with adjacent non-cancer tissues. Bak transcription level was correlated with Sp1 and Sp3 expression level, while no correlation was found in ZBP-89 and Bak, neither Sp2 nor Sp4. Mithramycin A (MMA) induced Bak expression in a dose-dependent manner. Western blotting results showed Sp1 overexpression increased Bak expression both in liver immortal non-tumour cells and HCC cells. Interference Sp1 expression could inhibit Bak expression alone. ZBP-89 siRNA suppressed Bak expression even in the presence of MMA treatment and S1 overexpression. Additionally, Bak and Sp1 level were associated with HCC patient survival. Conclusions Bak expression required ZBP-89 and Sp1 cooperative regulation simultaneously. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4349-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
24
|
Xu Q, Liu M, Zhang J, Xue L, Zhang G, Hu C, Wang Z, He S, Chen L, Ma K, Liu X, Zhao Y, Lv N, Liang S, Zhu H, Xu N. Overexpression of KLF4 promotes cell senescence through microRNA-203-survivin-p21 pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60290-60302. [PMID: 27531889 PMCID: PMC5312384 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a transcription factor and functions as a tumor suppressor or tumor promoter in different cancer types. KLF4 regulates many gene expression, thus affects the process of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Recently, KLF4 was reported to induce senescence during the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we constructed two doxycycline-inducing KLF4 cell models, and demonstrated overexpression of KLF4 could promote cell senescence, detected by senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity assay. Then we confirmed that p21, a key effector of senescence, was directly induced by KLF4. KLF4 could also inhibit survivin, which could indirectly induce p21. By miRNA microarray, we found a series of miRNAs regulated by KLF4 and involved in senescence. We demonstrated that KLF4 could upregulate miR-203, and miR-203 contributed to senescence through miR-203-survivin-p21 pathway. Our results suggest that KLF4 could promote cell senescence through a complex network: miR-203, survivin, and p21, which were all regulated by overexpression of KLF4 and contributed to cell senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Division of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Liyan Xue
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guo Zhang
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chenfei Hu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zaozao Wang
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shun He
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lechuang Chen
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghe Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yahui Zhao
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Lv
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shufang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen X, Li S, Ke Y, Wu S, Huang T, Hu W, Fu H, Guo X. KLF16 suppresses human glioma cell proliferation and tumourigenicity by targeting TFAM. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 2018; 46:608-615. [PMID: 29374989 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1431654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, PR China
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, PR China
| | - Yumin Ke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, PR China
| | - Shukai Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, PR China
| | - Tianzao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, PR China
| | - Weipeng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, PR China
| | - Huangde Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, PR China
| | - Xieli Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Quanzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sun H, Peng Z, Tang H, Xie D, Jia Z, Zhong L, Zhao S, Ma Z, Gao Y, Zeng L, Luo R, Xie K. Loss of KLF4 and consequential downregulation of Smad7 exacerbate oncogenic TGF-β signaling in and promote progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 2017; 36:2957-68. [PMID: 28192402 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactivation of TGF-β signaling pathway is a common feature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. However, the driver factors leading to enhanced TGF-β activity are not well characterized. Here, we explore the mechanisms that loss of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) exacerbates oncogenic TGF-β signaling in human HCC. The expression of KLF4 and TGF-β signaling components in primary HCC and their clinicopathologic relevance and significance was evaluated by using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. Cellular and molecular impacts of altered KLF4 expression and TGF-β signaling were determined using immunofluorescence, Western blot, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and promoter reporter assays. Loss of KLF4 expression in primary HCC closely correlated with decreased Smad7 expression, increased p-Smad2/3 expression, and independently predicts reduced overall and relapse-free survival after surgery. TGF-β signaling components were expressed in most HCC cells, and activation of TGF-β signaling promoted cell migration and invasion. Enforced KLF4 expression blocked TGF-β signal transduction and inhibited cell migration and invasion via activation of Smad7 transcription, whereas deletion of its C-terminal zinc-finger domain diminished this effect. KLF4 protein physically interacts with the Smad7 promoter. Promoter deletion and point mutation analyses revealed that a region between nucleotides −15 bp and −9 bp of the Smad7 promoter was required for the induction of Smad7 promoter activity by KLF4. Our data indicate that KLF4 suppresses oncogenic TGF-β signaling by activation of Smad7 transcription, and that loss of KLF4 expression in primary HCC may contribute to activation of oncogenic TGF-β signaling and subsequent tumor progression.
Collapse
|
27
|
Alawad AO, Alharbi SN, Alhazzaa OA, Alagrafi FS, Alkhrayef MN, Alhamdan ZA, Alenazi AD, Hammad M, Alyahya SA, AlJohi HA, Alanazi IO. Molecular Modeling and Phylogeny of the Krüppel-like Factor 4 (cKLF4) Protein from the Arabian Camel, Camelus dromedarius. Bioinform Biol Insights 2017; 10:291-300. [PMID: 28050127 PMCID: PMC5179146 DOI: 10.4137/bbi.s40782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a pluripotency transcription factor that helps in generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We sequenced for the first time the full coding sequence of Camelus dromedarius KLF4 (cKLF4), which is also known as the Arabian camel. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the molecular weight and the isoelectric point of cKLF4 protein to be 53.043 kDa and 8.74, respectively. The predicted cKLF4 protein sequence shows high identity with some other species as follows: 98% with Bactrian camel and 89% with alpaca KLF4 proteins. A three-dimensional (3D) structure was built based on the available crystal structure of the Mus musculus KLF4 (mKLF4) of 82 residues (PDB: 2 WBS) and by predicting 400 residues using bioinformatics software. The comparison confirms the presence of the zinc finger domains in cKLF4 protein. Phylogenetic analysis showed that KLF4 from the Arabian camel is grouped with the Bactrian camel, alpaca, cattle, and pig. This study will help in the annotation of KLF4 protein and in generating camel-induced pluripotent stem cells (CiPSCs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah O Alawad
- National Center for Stem Cell Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan N Alharbi
- National Center for Stem Cell Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman A Alhazzaa
- National Center for Stem Cell Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal S Alagrafi
- National Center for Stem Cell Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad N Alkhrayef
- National Center for Stem Cell Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad A Alhamdan
- National Center for Stem Cell Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah D Alenazi
- National Center for Stem Cell Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hammad
- National Center for Stem Cell Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.; SAAD Research and Development Center, Clinical Research Laboratory and Radiation Oncology, SAAD Specialist Hospital, Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Alyahya
- National Center for biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan A AlJohi
- National Center for Genomic Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim O Alanazi
- National Center for Genomic Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hashimoto H, Wang D, Steves AN, Jin P, Blumenthal RM, Zhang X, Cheng X. Distinctive Klf4 mutants determine preference for DNA methylation status. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:10177-10185. [PMID: 27596594 PMCID: PMC5137437 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of mammalian genome methylation is critically important but poorly understood. Klf4, a transcription factor directing reprogramming, contains a DNA binding domain with three consecutive C2H2 zinc fingers. Klf4 recognizes CpG or TpG within a specific sequence. Mouse Klf4 DNA binding domain has roughly equal affinity for methylated CpG or TpG, and slightly lower affinity for unmodified CpG. The structural basis for this key preference is unclear, though the side chain of Glu446 is known to contact the methyl group of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) or thymine (5-methyluracil). We examined the role of Glu446 by mutagenesis. Substituting Glu446 with aspartate (E446D) resulted in preference for unmodified cytosine, due to decreased affinity for 5mC. In contrast, substituting Glu446 with proline (E446P) increased affinity for 5mC by two orders of magnitude. Structural analysis revealed hydrophobic interaction between the proline's aliphatic cyclic structure and the 5-methyl group of the pyrimidine (5mC or T). As in wild-type Klf4 (E446), the proline at position 446 does not interact directly with either the 5mC N4 nitrogen or the thymine O4 oxygen. In contrast, the unmethylated cytosine's exocyclic N4 amino group (NH2) and its ring carbon C5 atom hydrogen bond directly with the aspartate carboxylate of the E446D variant. Both of these interactions would provide a preference for cytosine over thymine, and the latter one could explain the E446D preference for unmethylated cytosine. Finally, we evaluated the ability of these Klf4 mutants to regulate transcription of methylated and unmethylated promoters in a luciferase reporter assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dongxue Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Alyse N Steves
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Robert M Blumenthal
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology and Program in Bioinformatics, The University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA .,Genetics and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Guo K, Cui J, Quan M, Xie D, Jia Z, Wei D, Wang L, Gao Y, Ma Q, Xie K. The Novel KLF4/MSI2 Signaling Pathway Regulates Growth and Metastasis of Pancreatic Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:687-696. [PMID: 27449499 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Musashi 2 (MSI2) is reported to be a potential oncoprotein in cases of leukemia and several solid tumors. However, its expression, function, and regulation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cases have yet to be demonstrated. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated the clinical significance and biologic effects of MSI2 expression in PDAC cases and sought to delineate the clinical significance of the newly identified Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4)/MSI2 regulatory pathway. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN MSI2 expression and its association with multiple clinicopathologic characteristics in human PDAC specimens were analyzed immunohistochemically. The biological functions of MSI2 regarding PDAC cell growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis were studied using gain- and loss-of-function assays both in vitro and in vivo Regulation of MSI2 expression by KLF4 was examined in several cancer cell lines, and the underlying mechanisms were studied using molecular biologic methods. RESULTS MSI2 expression was markedly increased in both PDAC cell lines and human PDAC specimens, and high MSI2 expression was associated with poor prognosis for PDAC. Forced MSI2 expression promoted PDAC proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and growth and metastasis in vivo, whereas knockdown of MSI2 expression did the opposite. Transcriptional inhibition of MSI2 expression by KLF4 occurred in multiple PDAC cell lines as well as mouse models of PDAC. CONCLUSIONS Lost expression of KLF4, a transcriptional repressor of MSI2 results in overexpression of MSI2 in PDACs, which may be a biomarker for accurate prognosis. A dysregulated KLF4/MSI2 signaling pathway promotes PDAC progression and metastasis. Clin Cancer Res; 23(3); 687-96. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jiujie Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ming Quan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Dacheng Xie
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhiliang Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Daoyan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China.
| | - Keping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nakajima KI, Cui Z, Li C, Meister J, Cui Y, Fu O, Smith AS, Jain S, Lowell BB, Krashes MJ, Wess J. Gs-coupled GPCR signalling in AgRP neurons triggers sustained increase in food intake. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10268. [PMID: 26743492 PMCID: PMC4729878 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons of the hypothalamus play a key role in regulating food intake and body weight, by releasing three different orexigenic molecules: AgRP; GABA; and neuropeptide Y. AgRP neurons express various G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with different coupling properties, including Gs-linked GPCRs. At present, the potential role of Gs-coupled GPCRs in regulating the activity of AgRP neurons remains unknown. Here we show that the activation of Gs-coupled receptors expressed by AgRP neurons leads to a robust and sustained increase in food intake. We also provide detailed mechanistic data linking the stimulation of this class of receptors to the observed feeding phenotype. Moreover, we show that this pathway is clearly distinct from other GPCR signalling cascades that are operative in AgRP neurons. Our data suggest that drugs able to inhibit this signalling pathway may become useful for the treatment of obesity. Hypothalamic Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons play a key role in regulating food intake. Here, the authors report a novel pathway in which activation of Gs-coupled receptors on AgRP neurons leads to robust, sustained increase in food intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichiro Nakajima
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Zhenzhong Cui
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Chia Li
- Diabetes Endocrine and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jaroslawna Meister
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Yinghong Cui
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Ou Fu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan
| | - Adam S Smith
- Section on Neural Gene Expression, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Shalini Jain
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Bradford B Lowell
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Michael J Krashes
- Diabetes Endocrine and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jürgen Wess
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Covalent modification of DNA via deposition of a methyl group at the 5' position on cytosine residues alters the chemical groups available for interaction in the major groove of DNA. The information content inherent in this modification alters the affinity and the specificity of DNA binding; some proteins favor interaction with methylated DNA, and others disfavor it. Molecular recognition of cytosine methylation by proteins often initiates sequential regulatory events which impact gene expression and chromatin structure. The known methyl-DNA-binding proteins have unique domains responsible for DNA methylation recognition: (1) the methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD), (2) the C2H2 zinc finger domain, and (3) the SET- and RING finger-associated (SRA) domain. Structural analyses have revealed that each domain has a characteristic methylated DNA-binding pattern, and this difference in the recognition mechanism renders the DNA methylation mark able to transmit complicated biological information. Recent genetic and genomic studies have revealed novel functions of methyl-DNA-binding proteins. These emerging data have also provided glimpses into how methyl-DNA-binding proteins possess unique features and, presumably, functions. In this review, we summarize structural and biochemical analyses elucidating the mechanism for recognition of DNA methylation and correlate this information with emerging genomic and functional data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shimbo
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Paul A Wade
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sławek S, Szmyt K, Fularz M, Dziudzia J, Boruczkowski M, Sikora J, Kaczmarek M. Pluripotency transcription factors in lung cancer-a review. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:4241-9. [PMID: 26581906 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Diagnosis of lung cancer in an early stage is still a challenge due to the asymptomatic course of early stages of the disease and the lack of a standard screening program for the population. Nowadays, learning about the mechanisms that lead to cancerogenesis in the lung is crucial for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Recently, many studies have proved that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for the initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence, and even resistance of chemo- and radiotherapeutic treatment in patients with lung cancer. The expression of pluripotency transcription factors is responsible for stemness properties. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of CSCs and pluripotency transcription factors in lung carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Sławek
- Department of Immunology, Chair of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Szmyt
- Department of Immunology, Chair of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Fularz
- Department of Immunology, Chair of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Dziudzia
- Department of Immunology, Chair of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Boruczkowski
- Department of Immunology, Chair of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jan Sikora
- Department of Immunology, Chair of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Department of Immunology, Chair of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Stavri S, Simionescu M, Kardassis D, Gafencu AV. Krüppel-like factor 4 synergizes with CREB to increase the activity of apolipoprotein E gene promoter in macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:66-72. [PMID: 26546821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a critical regulator of monocyte differentiation and macrophage polarization, and it also plays an important role in several vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is an essential anti-atherosclerotic glycoprotein involved in lipid metabolism, expressed by the liver, macrophages and other cell types. We hypothesized that KLF4 is involved in apoE gene regulation in macrophages. Our experiments showed that differentiation of THP-1 monocytes to macrophages using PMA was associated with a robust induction of both KLF4 and apoE genes. KLF4 bound to the apoE promoter, as revealed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and DNA pull-down (DNAP) assays, and transactivated the apoE promoter in a dose-dependent manner. Using a series of apoE promoter deletion mutants we revealed the biological activity of multiple KLF4 binding sites located in the [-500/-100] region of apoE promoter. Moreover, overexpression of cAMP-response-element-binding protein (CREB) further increased KLF4 up-regulatory effect on apoE promoter. Despite the fact that no putative CREB binding sites were predicted in silico, we found that in macrophages CREB bound to apoE proximal promoter in the region -200/+4 and even more strongly on -350/-274 region. In similar DNAP experiments using cell extracts obtained from monocytes (lacking KLF4), a very weak binding of CREB was detected, indicating that interaction of CREB with apoE promoter takes place indirectly. In conclusion our results show: (i) a robust synchronized induction of KLF4 and apoE expression during differentiation of monocytes to macrophages; (ii) KLF4 up-regulates apoE gene in a dose-dependent manner; (iii) biologically active KLF4 binding sites are present on apoE promoter and (iv) the interaction of KLF4 with CREB results in an enhanced up-regulatory effect of KLF4 on apoE promoter. Taken together these data provide novel knowledge on apoE gene regulation mechanism in macrophages, and offer insight into the therapeutic potential of KLF4 in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
34
|
Khalil MI, Ruyechan WT, Hay J, Arvin A. Differential effects of Sp cellular transcription factors on viral promoter activation by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) IE62 protein. Virology 2015; 485:47-57. [PMID: 26207799 PMCID: PMC4619144 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The immediate early (IE) 62 protein is the major varicella-zoster virus (VZV) regulatory factor. Analysis of the VZV genome revealed 40 predicted GC-rich boxes within 36 promoters. We examined effects of ectopic expression of Sp1-Sp4 on IE62- mediated transactivation of three viral promoters. Ectopic expression of Sp3 and Sp4 enhanced IE62 activation of ORF3 and gI promoters while Sp3 reduced IE62 activation of ORF28/29 promoter and VZV DNA replication. Sp2 reduced IE62 transactivation of gI while Sp1 had no significant influence on IE62 activation with any of these viral promoters. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) confirmed binding of Sp1 and Sp3 but not Sp2 and Sp4 to the gI promoter. Sp1-4 bound to IE62 and amino acids 238-258 of IE62 were important for the interaction with Sp3 and Sp4 as well as Sp1. This work shows that Sp family members have differential effects on IE62-mediated transactivation in a promoter-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Khalil
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Molecular Biology, National Research Center EL-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - William T Ruyechan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - John Hay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Ann Arvin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Xue Y, Gao S, Liu F. Genome-wide analysis of the zebrafish Klf family identifies two genes important for erythroid maturation. Dev Biol 2015; 403:115-27. [PMID: 26015096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Krüppel-like transcription factors (Klfs), each of which contains a CACCC-box binding domain, have been investigated in a variety of developmental processes, such as angiogenesis, neurogenesis and somatic-cell reprogramming. However, the function and molecular mechanism by which the Klf family acts during developmental hematopoiesis remain elusive. Here, we report identification of 24 Klf family genes in zebrafish using bioinformatics. Gene expression profiling shows that 6 of these genes are expressed in blood and/or vascular endothelial cells during embryogenesis. Loss of function of 2 factors (klf3 or klf6a) leads to a decreased number of mature erythrocytes. Molecular studies indicate that both Klf3 and Klf6a are essential for erythroid cell differentiation and maturation but that these two proteins function in distinct manners. We find that Klf3 inhibits the expression of ferric-chelate reductase 1b (frrs1b), thereby promoting the maturation of erythroid cells, whereas Klf6a controls the erythroid cell cycle by negatively regulating cdkn1a expression to determine the rate of red blood cell proliferation. Taken together, our study provides a global view of the Klf family members that contribute to hematopoiesis in zebrafish and sheds new light on the function and molecular mechanism by which Klf3 and Klf6a act during erythropoiesis in vertebrates.
Collapse
|
36
|
Soufi A, Garcia MF, Jaroszewicz A, Osman N, Pellegrini M, Zaret KS. Pioneer transcription factors target partial DNA motifs on nucleosomes to initiate reprogramming. Cell 2015; 161:555-68. [PMID: 25892221 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 511] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pioneer transcription factors (TFs) access silent chromatin and initiate cell-fate changes, using diverse types of DNA binding domains (DBDs). FoxA, the paradigm pioneer TF, has a winged helix DBD that resembles linker histone and thereby binds its target sites on nucleosomes and in compacted chromatin. Herein, we compare the nucleosome and chromatin targeting activities of Oct4 (POU DBD), Sox2 (HMG box DBD), Klf4 (zinc finger DBD), and c-Myc (bHLH DBD), which together reprogram somatic cells to pluripotency. Purified Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4 proteins can bind nucleosomes in vitro, and in vivo they preferentially target silent sites enriched for nucleosomes. Pioneer activity relates simply to the ability of a given DBD to target partial motifs displayed on the nucleosome surface. Such partial motif recognition can occur by coordinate binding between factors. Our findings provide insight into how pioneer factors can target naive chromatin sites.
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
For many years, transcription factor Sp1 was viewed as a basal transcription factor and relegated to a role in the regulation of so-called housekeeping genes. Identification of Sp1's role in recruiting the general transcription machinery in the absence of a TATA box increased its importance in gene regulation, particularly in light of recent estimates that the majority of mammalian genes lack a TATA box. In this review, we briefly consider the history of Sp1, the founding member of the Sp family of transcription factors. We review the evidence suggesting that Sp1 is highly regulated by post-translational modifications that positively and negatively affect the activity of Sp1 on a wide array of genes. Sp1 is over-expressed in many cancers and is associated with poor prognosis. Targeting Sp1 in cancer treatment has been suggested; however, our review of the literature on the role of Sp1 in the regulation of genes that contribute to the 'hallmarks of cancer' illustrates the extreme complexity of Sp1 functions. Sp1 both activates and suppresses the expression of a number of essential oncogenes and tumor suppressors, as well as genes involved in essential cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, the DNA damage response, apoptosis, senescence and angiogenesis. Sp1 is also implicated in inflammation and genomic instability, as well as epigenetic silencing. Given the apparently opposing effects of Sp1, a more complete understanding of the function of Sp1 in cancer is required to validate its potential as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Beishline
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Huang S, Wang C, Yi Y, Sun X, Luo M, Zhou Z, Li J, Cai Y, Jiang X, Ke Y. Krüppel-like factor 9 inhibits glioma cell proliferation and tumorigenicity via downregulation of miR-21. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:547-55. [PMID: 25305446 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are zinc finger-containing transcription factors that play key roles in the regulation of differentiation and development as well as biological processes central to the development of malignancies. Increasing evidence indicates that Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) plays a critical role in regulating tumorigenesis. However, the biological role and molecular mechanism of KLF9 in glioma progression remain unclear. Herein, we found that KLF9 expression was strongly reduced in gliomas. Reduced KLF9 expression promoted glioma cell proliferation. Importantly, re-constitution of KLF9 expression inhibited glioma cell proliferation and tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, we determined that KLF9 interacted with the miR-21 promoter, leading to suppression of miR-21 expression and cell cycle arrest. Taken together, our findings indicate a novel mechanism for KLF function in tumorigenesis and may also suggest new targets for clinical intervention in human cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Chanjuan Wang
- Department of The Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine of GuangDong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yongjun Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Xinlin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Minjie Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Zhenjun Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Jianwen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Yingqian Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Yiquan Ke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Regeneration of Guangdong, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cui J, Shi M, Quan M, Xie K. Regulation of EMT by KLF4 in gastrointestinal cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2014; 13:986-95. [PMID: 24168184 DOI: 10.2174/15680096113136660104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is characterized by its aggressiveness, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Studies reveal that epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is regulated by a series of transcription factors and signaling pathways, is strongly associated with GI cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Importantly, EMT is a product of crosstalk between signaling pathways. Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a zinc finger-type transcription factor, is decreased or lost in most GI cancers. By transcriptionally regulating its downstream target genes, KLF4 plays important roles of GI cancer tumorigenesis, proliferation and differentiation. In this review, we focus on the mechanism of KLF4 in GI cancer EMT, and demonstrate that through crosstalk with TGF-β, Notch, and Wnt signaling pathways, KLF4 negatively regulates EMT of GI cancers. Finally, we indicate the challenging new frontiers for KLF4 which contributes to better understanding of the mechanism of GI cancer aggressiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Keping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Unit 1466, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Malik D, Kaul D, Chauhan N, Marwaha RK. miR-2909-mediated regulation of KLF4: a novel molecular mechanism for differentiating between B-cell and T-cell pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemias. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:175. [PMID: 25037230 PMCID: PMC4112645 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background microRNAs (miRNAs) play both oncogenic and oncostatic roles in leukemia. However, the molecular details underlying miRNA-mediated regulation of their target genes in pediatric B- and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs) remain unclear. The present study investigated the relationship between miR-2909 and Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), and its functional relevance to cell cycle progression and immortalization in patients with pediatric ALL. Methods Elevated levels of miR-2909 targeted the tumor suppressor gene KLF4 in pediatric B-cell, but not pediatric T-cell ALL, as detected by pMIR-GFP reporter assay. Expression levels of genes including apoptosis-antagonizing transcription factor (AATF), MYC, B-cell lymphoma (BCL3), P21CIP, CCND1 and SP1 in B- and T-cells from patients with pediatric ALL were compared with control levels using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and reporter assays. Results We identified two novel mutations in KLF4 in pediatric T-ALL. A mutation in the 3′ untranslated region of the KLF4 gene resulted in loss of miR-2909-mediated regulation, while mutation in its first or third zinc-finger motif (Zf1/Zf3) rendered KLF4 transcriptionally inactive. This mutation was a frameshift mutation resulting in alteration of the Zf3 motif sequence in the mutant KLF4 protein in all pediatric T-ALL samples. Homology models, docking studies and promoter activity of its target gene P21CIP confirmed the lack of function of the mutant KLF4 protein in pediatric T-ALL. Moreover, the inability of miR-2909 to regulate KLF4 and its downstream genes controlling cell cycle and apoptosis in T-cell but not in B-ALL was verified by antagomiR-2909 transfection. Comprehensive sequence analysis of KLF4 identified the predominance of isoform 1 (~55 kDa) in most patients with pediatric B-ALL, while those with pediatric T-ALL expressed isoform 2 (~51 kDa). Conclusions This study identified a novel miR-2909-KLF4 molecular axis able to differentiate between the pathogeneses of pediatric B- and T-cell ALLs, and which may represent a new diagnostic/prognostic marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepak Kaul
- Department of Experimental Medicine & Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hayashi K, Sasamura H, Nakamura M, Azegami T, Oguchi H, Sakamaki Y, Itoh H. KLF4-dependent epigenetic remodeling modulates podocyte phenotypes and attenuates proteinuria. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2523-37. [PMID: 24812666 DOI: 10.1172/jci69557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) has the ability, along with other factors, to reprogram somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Here, we determined that KLF4 is expressed in kidney glomerular podocytes and is decreased in both animal models and humans exhibiting a proteinuric. Transient restoration of KLF4 expression in podocytes of diseased glomeruli in vivo, either by gene transfer or transgenic expression, resulted in a sustained increase in nephrin expression and a decrease in albuminuria. In mice harboring podocyte-specific deletion of Klf4, adriamycin-induced proteinuria was substantially exacerbated, although these animals displayed minimal phenotypical changes prior to adriamycin administration. KLF4 overexpression in cultured human podocytes increased expression of nephrin and other epithelial markers and reduced mesenchymal gene expression. DNA methylation profiling and bisulfite genomic sequencing revealed that KLF4 expression reduced methylation at the nephrin promoter and the promoters of other epithelial markers; however, methylation was increased at the promoters of genes encoding mesenchymal markers, suggesting selective epigenetic regulation of podocyte gene expression. Together, these results suggest that KLF4 epigenetically modulates podocyte phenotype and function and that the podocyte epigenome can be targeted for direct intervention and reduction of proteinuria.
Collapse
|
42
|
Imbernon M, Sanchez-Rebordelo E, Gallego R, Gandara M, Lear P, Lopez M, Dieguez C, Nogueiras R. Hypothalamic KLF4 mediates leptin's effects on food intake via AgRP. Mol Metab 2014; 3:441-51. [PMID: 24944903 PMCID: PMC4060210 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a zinc-finger-type transcription factor expressed in a range of tissues that plays multiple functions. We report that hypothalamic KLF4 represents a new transcription factor specifically modulating agouti-related protein (AgRP) expression in vivo. Hypothalamic KLF4 colocalizes with AgRP neurons and is modulated by nutritional status and leptin. Over-expression of KLF4 in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) induces food intake and increases body weight through the specific stimulation of AgRP, as well as blunting leptin sensitivity in lean rats independent of forkhead box protein 01 (FoxO1). Down-regulation of KLF4 in the ARC inhibits fasting-induced food intake in both lean and diet-induced obese (DIO) rats. Silencing KLF4, however, does not, on its own, enhance peripheral leptin sensitivity in DIO rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Imbernon
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
| | - Estrella Sanchez-Rebordelo
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
| | - Rosalia Gallego
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Marina Gandara
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Pamela Lear
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Miguel Lopez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
- Corresponding authors. Department of Physiology, Centro de Investigaciones Medicas de la Universidad de Santiago (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela & CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Avenida de Barcelona s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain. Tel.: +34 881815437.
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
- Corresponding authors. Department of Physiology, Centro de Investigaciones Medicas de la Universidad de Santiago (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela & CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Avenida de Barcelona s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain. Tel.: +34 881815437.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4(KLF4) is a zinc-finger transcription factor that plays a key role in cellular differentiation and proliferation during normal development and in various diseases, such as cancer. The results of recent studies have revealed that KLF4 is expressed in multiple vascular cell types, including phenotypically modulated smooth muscle cells(SMCs), endothelial cells and monocytes/macrophages and contributes to the progression of vascular diseases by activating or repressing the transcription of multiple genes via its associations with a variety of partner proteins. For example, KLF4 decreases the expression of markers of SMC differentiation by interacting with serum response factor, ELK1 and histone deacetylases. KLF4 also suppresses SMC proliferation by associating with p53. In addition, KLF4 enhances arterial medial calcification in concert with RUNX2. Furthermore, endothelial KLF4 represses arterial inflammation by binding to nuclear factor-κB. This article summarizes the role of KLF4 in vascular disease with a particular focus on in vivo studies and reviews recent progress in our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved in KLF4- mediated gene transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Yoshida
- Apheresis and Dialysis Center, School of Medicine, Keio University
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
He H, Li S, Chen H, Li L, Xu C, Ding F, Zhan Y, Ma J, Zhang S, Shi Y, Qu C, Liu Z. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate promotes breast cancer cell motility by increasing S100A14 level in a Kruppel-like transcription factor 4 (KLF4)-dependent manner. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:9089-99. [PMID: 24532790 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.534271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The S100 protein family represents the largest subgroup of calcium binding EF-hand type proteins. These proteins have been reported to be involved in a wide range of biological functions that are related to normal cell development and tumorigenesis. S100A14 is a recently identified member of the S100 protein family and differentially expressed in a number of different human malignancies. However, the transcriptional regulation of S100A14 and its role in breast cancer needs to be further investigated. Here, we determined that 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) up-regulated the expression of KLF4 and facilitated its binding directly to two conserved GC-rich DNA segments within the S100A14 promoter, which is essential for the transactivation of KLF4 induced S100A14 expression. Furthermore, stable silencing of KLF4 significantly suppressed breast cancer cell migration induced by TPA. Collectively, these results offer insights into the fact that TPA provokes cell motility through regulating the expression and function of S100A14 in a KLF4-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- From the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4), one of the factors directing cellular reprogramming, recognizes the CpG dinucleotide (whether methylated or unmodified) within a specific G/C-rich sequence. The binding affinity of the mouse Klf4 DNA-binding domain for methylated DNA is only slightly stronger than that for an unmodified oligonucleotide. The structure of the C-terminal three Krüppel-like zinc fingers (ZnFs) of mouse Klf4, in complex with fully methylated DNA, was determined at 1.85 Å resolution. An arginine and a glutamate interact with the methyl group. By comparison with two other recently characterized structures of ZnF protein complexes with methylated DNA, we propose a common principle of recognition of methylated CpG by C2H2 ZnF proteins, which involves a spatially conserved Arg–Glu pair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, New England Biolabs, 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938, USA and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and Program in Bioinformatics, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kotkamp K, Mössner R, Allen A, Onichtchouk D, Driever W. A Pou5f1/Oct4 dependent Klf2a, Klf2b, and Klf17 regulatory sub-network contributes to EVL and ectoderm development during zebrafish embryogenesis. Dev Biol 2014; 385:433-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
47
|
Gorbatenko A, Olesen CW, Mørup N, Thiel G, Kallunki T, Valen E, Pedersen SF. ErbB2 upregulates the Na+,HCO3(-)-cotransporter NBCn1/SLC4A7 in human breast cancer cells via Akt, ERK, Src, and Kruppel-like factor 4. FASEB J 2013; 28:350-63. [PMID: 24088818 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-233288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Misregulation of acid-base transport plays central roles in cancer development. We previously demonstrated the strong up-regulation of the Na(+),HCO3(-) cotransporter NBCn1 (SLC4A7) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells by a truncated, constitutively active ErbB2 (HER2) receptor, ΔNErbB2, and showed that NBCn1 expression and activity are increased in breast cancer tissue from patients. Here, we present the first in-depth characterization of an SLC4A7 promoter and identify its minimal ΔNErbB2-sensitive region. Inhibition or siRNA-mediated knockdown of PI3K, Akt1, ERK1/2, or Src decreased the NBCn1 protein level in ΔNErbB2-expressing MCF-7 cells by ~50, 60, 30 and 35%, respectively. Further, knockdown of the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) reduced NBCn1 protein expression by ~40%, and KLF4 overexpression increased NBCn1 expression by 50-80%. In contrast, knockdown of the closely related transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1) or transfection with dominant-negative Sp1 increased NBCn1 expression by ~35 and ~50%, respectively. NBCn1 expression was also increased by stimulation of full-length ErbB1, -2, and -3 receptors in SKBr3 cells (1.5- and 2-fold by NRG1 or EGF, respectively) or after their exogenous expression in MCF-7 cells. Finally, stimulation with NRG1 or EGF more than doubled acid extrusion capacity in SKBr3 cells. In conclusion, NBCn1 is strongly upregulated by ErbB receptor signaling in a manner involving opposite effects of KLF4 and Sp1, transcription factors with central roles in cancer development. ErbB-induced up-regulation of NBCn1-mediated acid extrusion may play important physiological and pathophysiological roles in the breast epithelium and other tissues with high ErbB receptor levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Gorbatenko
- 1Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 13, Universitetsparken, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gupta D, Harvey SAK, Kenchegowda D, Swamynathan S, Swamynathan SK. Regulation of mouse lens maturation and gene expression by Krüppel-like factor 4. Exp Eye Res 2013; 116:205-18. [PMID: 24076321 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Conditional disruption of Klf4 in the surface ectoderm-derived tissues of the eye results in defective cornea, conjunctiva and the lens. This report describes the effects of disruption of Klf4 in the lens in greater detail. Expression of Klf4, first detected in the embryonic day-12 (E12) mouse lens, peaked at E16 and was decreased in later stages. Early embryonic disruption of Klf4 resulted in a smaller lens with cortical vacuolation and nuclear opacity. Microarray comparison of Klf4CN and WT lens transcriptomes revealed fewer changes in the E16.5 (59 increases, 20 decreases of >1.5-fold) than the PN56 Klf4CN lens (239 increases, 182 decreases of >2-fold). Klf4-target genes in the lens were distinct from those previously identified in the cornea, suggesting disparate functions for Klf4 in these functionally related tissues. Transcripts encoding different crystallins were down-regulated in the Klf4CN lens. Shsp/αB-crystallin promoter activity was stimulated upon co-transfection with pCI-Klf4. Mitochondrial density was significantly higher in the Klf4CN lens epithelial cells, consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction being the most significantly affected pathway within the PN56 Klf4CN lens. The Klf4CN lens contained elevated levels of Alox12 and Alox15 transcripts, less reduced glutathione (GSH) and more oxidized glutathione (GSSG) than the WT, suggesting that it is oxidatively stressed. Although the expression of 2087 genes was modulated during WT lens maturation, transcripts encoding crystallins were abundant at E16.5 and remained stable at PN56. Among the 1065 genes whose expression increased during WT lens maturation, there were 104 Klf4-target genes (9.8%) with decreased expression in the PN56 Klf4CN lens. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Klf4 expression is developmentally regulated in the mouse lens, where it controls the expression of genes associated with lens maturation and redox homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hu S, Wan J, Su Y, Song Q, Zeng Y, Nguyen HN, Shin J, Cox E, Rho HS, Woodard C, Xia S, Liu S, Lyu H, Ming GL, Wade H, Song H, Qian J, Zhu H. DNA methylation presents distinct binding sites for human transcription factors. eLife 2013; 2:e00726. [PMID: 24015356 PMCID: PMC3762332 DOI: 10.7554/elife.00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation, especially CpG methylation at promoter regions, has been generally considered as a potent epigenetic modification that prohibits transcription factor (TF) recruitment, resulting in transcription suppression. Here, we used a protein microarray-based approach to systematically survey the entire human TF family and found numerous purified TFs with methylated CpG (mCpG)-dependent DNA-binding activities. Interestingly, some TFs exhibit specific binding activity to methylated and unmethylated DNA motifs of distinct sequences. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we focused on Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), and decoupled its mCpG- and CpG-binding activities via site-directed mutagenesis. Furthermore, KLF4 binds specific methylated or unmethylated motifs in human embryonic stem cells in vivo. Our study suggests that mCpG-dependent TF binding activity is a widespread phenomenon and provides a new framework to understand the role and mechanism of TFs in epigenetic regulation of gene transcription. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00726.001.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , United States ; Center for High-Throughput Biology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Polycomb group response elements (PREs) play an essential role in gene regulation by the Polycomb group (PcG) repressor proteins in Drosophila. PREs are required for the recruitment and maintenance of repression by the PcG proteins. PREs are made up of binding sites for multiple DNA-binding proteins, but it is still unclear what combination(s) of binding sites is required for PRE activity. Here we compare the binding sites and activities of two closely linked yet separable PREs of the Drosophila engrailed (en) gene, PRE1 and PRE2. Both PRE1 and PRE2 contain binding sites for multiple PRE-DNA-binding proteins, but the number, arrangement, and spacing of the sites differs between the two PREs. These differences have functional consequences. Both PRE1 and PRE2 mediate pairing-sensitive silencing of mini-white, a functional assay for PcG repression; however, PRE1 requires two binding sites for Pleiohomeotic (Pho), whereas PRE2 requires only one Pho-binding site for this activity. Furthermore, for full pairing-sensitive silencing activity, PRE1 requires an AT-rich region not found in PRE2. These two PREs behave differently in a PRE embryonic and larval reporter construct inserted at an identical location in the genome. Our data illustrate the diversity of architecture and function of PREs.
Collapse
|