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Tang Q, Huang Y, Ni X, Lyu MJA, Chen G, Sage R, Zhu XG. Increased α-ketoglutarate links the C3-C4 intermediate state to C4 photosynthesis in the genus Flaveria. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:291-305. [PMID: 38377473 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
As a complex trait, C4 photosynthesis has multiple independent origins in evolution. Phylogenetic evidence and theoretical analysis suggest that C2 photosynthesis, which is driven by glycine decarboxylation in the bundle sheath cell, may function as a bridge from C3 to C4 photosynthesis. However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying the transition between C2 photosynthesis to C4 photosynthesis remains elusive. Here, we provide evidence suggesting a role of higher α-ketoglutarate (AKG) concentration during this transition. Metabolomic data of 12 Flaveria species, including multiple photosynthetic types, show that AKG concentration initially increased in the C3-C4 intermediate with a further increase in C4 species. Petiole feeding of AKG increases the concentrations of C4-related metabolites in C3-C4 and C4 species but not the activity of C4-related enzymes. Sequence analysis shows that glutamate synthase (Fd-GOGAT), which catalyzes the generation of glutamate using AKG, was under strong positive selection during the evolution of C4 photosynthesis. Simulations with a constraint-based model for C3-C4 intermediate further show that decreasing the activity of Fd-GOGAT facilitated the transition from a C2-dominant to a C4-dominant CO2 concentrating mechanism. All these results provide insight into the mechanistic switch from C3-C4 intermediate to C4 photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Tang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuhui Huang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Ni
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming-Ju Amy Lyu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Genyun Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rowan Sage
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S3B2, Canada
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China
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Hnizil O, Baidani A, Khlila I, Taghouti M, Nsarellah N, Amamou A. Dissecting Genotype by Environment Interactions in Moroccan Wheat: An Advanced Biplot and Heatmap Analysis Unveiling Agronomic, Quality Traits, and Genotypic Stability for Tailored Breeding Strategies. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1068. [PMID: 38674477 PMCID: PMC11054286 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This five-year study (2016-2021) across diverse Moroccan agro-climatic zones investigated genotype by environment (G × E) interactions in wheat, focusing on variations in agronomic traits and quality attributes such as protein and gluten content. Significant environmental effects were observed on key traits, like yield, thousand kernel weight (TKW), and spikes per square meter (Spk/m2), highlighting environmental factors' role in wheat yield variability. In the Tassaout (TST) location, notable genotypic effects emerged for traits like biomass, underscoring genetic factors' importance in specific contexts, while in Sidi El Aidi (SEA) and Marchouch (MCH), genotypic effects on yield and its components were predominantly absent, indicating a more substantial environmental influence. These findings illustrate the complexity of G × E interactions and the need for breeding strategies considering genetic potential and environmental adaptability, especially given the trade-offs between yield enhancement and quality maintenance. Insights from the biplot and heatmap analyses enhanced the understanding of genotypes' dynamic interactions with environmental factors, establishing a basis for strategic genotype selection and management to optimize wheat yield and quality. This research contributes to sustainable wheat breeding in Morocco, aligning with global efforts to adapt wheat breeding strategies to changing climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Hnizil
- Laboratory of Agrifood and Health, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan First University of Settat, P.B. 577, Settat 26000, Morocco; (A.B.); (I.K.)
- Research Unit of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources Conservation, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute of Agricultural Research, P.B. 589, Settat 26000, Morocco;
| | - Aziz Baidani
- Laboratory of Agrifood and Health, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan First University of Settat, P.B. 577, Settat 26000, Morocco; (A.B.); (I.K.)
| | - Ilham Khlila
- Laboratory of Agrifood and Health, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan First University of Settat, P.B. 577, Settat 26000, Morocco; (A.B.); (I.K.)
- Research Unit of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources Conservation, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute of Agricultural Research, P.B. 589, Settat 26000, Morocco;
| | - Mouna Taghouti
- Research Unit of Plant Genetic Resources and Plant Breeding, National Institute for Agronomic Research, P.B. 6356, Institutes 1010, Rabat 10101, Morocco;
| | - Nasserelhaq Nsarellah
- Research Unit of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources Conservation, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute of Agricultural Research, P.B. 589, Settat 26000, Morocco;
| | - Ali Amamou
- Research Unit of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources Conservation, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute of Agricultural Research, P.B. 589, Settat 26000, Morocco;
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Abuelsoud W, Saleh AM, Mohammed AE, Alotaibi MO, AbdElgawad H. Chitosan nanoparticles upregulate C and N metabolism in soybean plants grown under elevated levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126434. [PMID: 37604417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite the wide utilization of chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) as a promising approach for sustainable agriculture, their efficiency under elevated CO2 (eCO2), has not been evaluated. The interactive effects of CSNPs and eCO2 were evaluated on the growth and C and N metabolism of soybean plants. Plants were treated with CSNPs and grown under ambient CO2 (410 ppm, aCO2) or eCO2 (645 ppm). Regardless of CO2 level, CSNPs improved the net photosynthetic rate. CSNPs aggravated the effect of eCO2 treatment on the levels of non-structural carbohydrates (i.e., glucose, fructose, sucrose, and starch), especially in shoots, which was inconsistence with the upregulation of carbohydrates metabolizing enzymes. Being the most pivotal energetic and signaling organic compounds in higher plants, the synergistic action of CSNPs and eCO2 on the accumulation of soluble sugars upregulated the N metabolism as indicated by induced activities of nitrate reductase, arginase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase which was manifested finally as increased shoot and root total nitrogen content as well as proline and aspartate in roots. At the hormonal level, the coexistence of eCO2 with CSNPs further supports their positive impact on the contents of IAA and, to a lesser extent, GAs. The present data prove that the biofertilization capacity of CSNPs is even more potent under futuristic eCO2 levels and could even further improve the growth and resilience of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Abuelsoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Saleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Afrah E Mohammed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Modhi O Alotaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, 62521 Beni-Suef, Egypt; Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Zuluaga DL, Blanco E, Mangini G, Sonnante G, Curci PL. A Survey of the Transcriptomic Resources in Durum Wheat: Stress Responses, Data Integration and Exploitation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1267. [PMID: 36986956 PMCID: PMC10056183 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) is an allotetraploid cereal crop of worldwide importance, given its use for making pasta, couscous, and bulgur. Under climate change scenarios, abiotic (e.g., high and low temperatures, salinity, drought) and biotic (mainly exemplified by fungal pathogens) stresses represent a significant limit for durum cultivation because they can severely affect yield and grain quality. The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has brought a huge development in transcriptomic resources with many relevant datasets now available for durum wheat, at various anatomical levels, also focusing on phenological phases and environmental conditions. In this review, we cover all the transcriptomic resources generated on durum wheat to date and focus on the corresponding scientific insights gained into abiotic and biotic stress responses. We describe relevant databases, tools and approaches, including connections with other "omics" that could assist data integration for candidate gene discovery for bio-agronomical traits. The biological knowledge summarized here will ultimately help in accelerating durum wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lucia Zuluaga
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Pasquale Luca Curci
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Cassan O, Pimparé LL, Dubos C, Gojon A, Bach L, Lèbre S, Martin A. A gene regulatory network in Arabidopsis roots reveals features and regulators of the plant response to elevated CO 2. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 36727308 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The elevation of CO2 in the atmosphere increases plant biomass but decreases their mineral content. The genetic and molecular bases of these effects remain mostly unknown, in particular in the root system, which is responsible for plant nutrient uptake. To gain knowledge about the effect of elevated CO2 on plant growth and physiology, and to identify its regulatory in the roots, we analyzed genome expression in Arabidopsis roots through a combinatorial design with contrasted levels of CO2 , nitrate, and iron. We demonstrated that elevated CO2 has a modest effect on root genome expression under nutrient sufficiency, but by contrast leads to massive expression changes under nitrate or iron deficiencies. We demonstrated that elevated CO2 negatively targets nitrate and iron starvation modules at the transcriptional level, associated with a reduction in high-affinity nitrate uptake. Finally, we inferred a gene regulatory network governing the root response to elevated CO2 . This network allowed us to identify candidate transcription factors including MYB15, WOX11, and EDF3 which we experimentally validated for their role in the stimulation of growth by elevated CO2 . Our approach identified key features and regulators of the plant response to elevated CO2 , with the objective of developing crops resilient to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Océane Cassan
- IPSiM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Léa-Lou Pimparé
- IPSiM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Dubos
- IPSiM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Gojon
- IPSiM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Liên Bach
- IPSiM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Lèbre
- IMAG, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, 34000, Montpellier, France
- Université Paul-Valéry-Montpellier 3, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine Martin
- IPSiM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34000, Montpellier, France
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Gojon A, Cassan O, Bach L, Lejay L, Martin A. The decline of plant mineral nutrition under rising CO 2: physiological and molecular aspects of a bad deal. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:185-198. [PMID: 36336557 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The elevation of atmospheric CO2 concentration has a strong impact on the physiology of C3 plants, far beyond photosynthesis and C metabolism. In particular, it reduces the concentrations of most mineral nutrients in plant tissues, posing major threats on crop quality, nutrient cycles, and carbon sinks in terrestrial agro-ecosystems. The causes of the detrimental effect of high CO2 levels on plant mineral status are not understood. We provide an update on the main hypotheses and review the increasing evidence that, for nitrogen, this detrimental effect is associated with direct inhibition of key mechanisms of nitrogen uptake and assimilation. We also mention promising strategies for identifying genotypes that will maintain robust nutrient status in a future high-CO2 world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Gojon
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier (IPSiM), Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation, et l'Environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Océane Cassan
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier (IPSiM), Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation, et l'Environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Liên Bach
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier (IPSiM), Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation, et l'Environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Lejay
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier (IPSiM), Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation, et l'Environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine Martin
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier (IPSiM), Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation, et l'Environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
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7
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Kim Y, Takahashi S, Obayashi H, Miyao M. Role of glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase in rice leaf blades in elevated CO 2 environments. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:54-61. [PMID: 36164964 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (GDPD; EC 3.1.4.46) is involved in plant phosphate (Pi) utilization and its expression is upregulated under phosphorus (P)-deficient conditions. Although rice was grown under P-sufficient conditions, the transcript levels of specific OsGDPD were upregulated in mature rice leaf blades (LB) in elevated CO2 (eCO2 ) environments. Expression and subcellular localization of GDPD, and contents of Pi, sugar phosphates and carbohydrates were analysed to clarify the physiological function of GDPD in rice under eCO2 . Under eCO2 , expression of specific OsGDPD increased only in mature rice LB in which low Pi concentrations were observed. Moreover, eCO2 -induced OsGDPD2 and OsGDPD3 were localized in the plastid, indicating that GDPD2 and GDPD3 may be related to plastidic functions, such as carbon assimilation. Although rice LB contained more carbohydrates under eCO2 than under ambient CO2 , the phosphoglucose content decreased under eCO2 , suggesting that the need for excess phosphoglucose to synthesize carbohydrates under eCO2 causes a local Pi deficiency. Furthermore, we confirmed that glycerol-3-phosphate produced by the catalysis of GDPD from glycerophosphodiester contributes to carbohydrate accumulation in rice LB. Our findings suggest that local Pi deficiency due to excess carbohydrate accumulation under eCO2 influences GDPD to enhance glycerophosphodiester hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kim
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - S Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - H Obayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - M Miyao
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Rafique M, Ali A, Naveed M, Abbas T, Al-Huqail AA, Siddiqui MH, Nawaz A, Brtnicky M, Holatko J, Kintl A, Kucerik J, Mustafa A. Deciphering the Potential Role of Symbiotic Plant Microbiome and Amino Acid Application on Growth Performance of Chickpea Under Field Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:852851. [PMID: 35646024 PMCID: PMC9134094 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.852851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The unprecedented rise in the human population has increased pressure on agriculture production. To enhance the production of crops, farmers mainly rely on the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which have, undoubtedly, increased the production rate but at the cost of losing sustainability of the environment in the form of genetic erosion of indigenous varieties of crops and loss of fertile land. Therefore, farming practices need to upgrade toward the use of biological agents to maintain the sustainability of agriculture and the environment. In this context, using microbial inoculants and amino acids may present a more effective, safer, economical, and sustainable alternative means of realizing higher productivity of crops. Therefore, field experiments were performed on chickpea for two succeeding years using Rhizobium and L-methionine (at three levels, i.e., 5, 10, and 15 mg L-1) separately and in combinations. The results show that the application of Rhizobium and all the three levels of L-methionine increased the growth and yield of chickpea. There was a higher response to a lower dose of L-methionine, i.e., 5 mg L-1. It has been found that maximum grain yield (39.96 and 34.5% in the first and second years, respectively) of chickpea was obtained with the combined use of Rhizobium and L-methionine (5 mg L-1). This treatment was also the most effective in enhancing nodule number (91.6 and 58.19%), leghemoglobin (161.1 and 131.3%), and protein content (45.2 and 45%) of plants in both years. Likewise, photosynthetic pigments and seed chemical composition were significantly improved by Rhizobium inoculation. However, these effects were prominent when Rhizobium inoculation was accompanied by L-methionine. In conclusion, utilizing the potential of combined use of L-methionine and microbial inoculant could be a better approach for developing sustainable agriculture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazza Rafique
- Soil Bacteriology Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abid Ali
- Soil Bacteriology Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tasawar Abbas
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma A. Al-Huqail
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzer H. Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Nawaz
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jiri Holatko
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Antonin Kintl
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., Troubsko, Czechia
| | - Jiri Kucerik
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
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Enhancement of Bioactive Constituents in Fresh Cauliflower By-Products in Challenging Climate Conditions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050958. [PMID: 35624822 PMCID: PMC9137807 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to mitigate the detrimental impact that climate change is having on plants, the study of new practices that allow for the reduction of such effects has become imperative. In addition, the revaluation of the promotion of healthy plant by-products has also markedly increased in importance in recent years. In this work, the modifications in biomass and some antioxidant compounds of cauliflower by-products treated with putrescine under extreme temperatures in two different CO2 scenarios (the control (400 ppm) and a high concentration of CO2 (1000 ppm)) were studied. Additionally, the compositions of inner and outer leaves were also compared. According to results found in this work, cauliflower grown under elevated CO2 and treated with putrescine (2.5 mM) prior to heat stress showed the highest biomass accumulation (20%) compared to the control. Moreover, in the outer leaves from cauliflower grown under elevated CO2 and treated with putrescine prior to high temperature exposure, the highest biosynthesis of sugars (20%) was recorded. Although cauliflower by-products turned out to be rich in polyamines (208.6 nmoles g−1 fresh weight (FW) and 124.3 nmoles g−1 FW for outer and inner leaves, respectively) and phenolic compounds (1070.2 mg gallic acid equivalents ( (GAE) 100 g−1 FW in outer leaves and 772.0 mg GAE 100 g−1 FW in inner leaves), it was the outer leaves that after applying the new strategy showed the greatest increase in polyamines (68%) and phenolic compounds (39%), obtaining here the highest increase in antioxidant activity (3%). Thus, they should no longer be regarded as mere by-products and should be used for pharmaceutical or nutraceutical purposes. The novel strategy presented in this work may allow us to take advantage of both the continued increase in CO2 and heat waves that are becoming more frequent.
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Zang L, Tarkowski ŁP, Morère-Le Paven MC, Zivy M, Balliau T, Clochard T, Bahut M, Balzergue S, Pelletier S, Landès C, Limami AM, Montrichard F. The Nitrate Transporter MtNPF6.8 Is a Master Sensor of Nitrate Signal in the Primary Root Tip of Medicago truncatula. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:832246. [PMID: 35371178 PMCID: PMC8971838 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.832246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is not only an essential nutrient for plants, but also a signal involved in plant development. We have previously shown in the model legume Medicago truncatula, that the nitrate signal, which restricts primary root growth, is mediated by MtNPF6.8, a nitrate transporter. Nitrate signal also induces changes in reactive oxygen species accumulation in the root tip due to changes in cell wall peroxidase (PODs) activity. Thus, it was interesting to determine the importance of the role of MtNPF6.8 in the regulation of the root growth by nitrate and identify the POD isoforms responsible for the changes in POD activity. For this purpose, we compared in M. truncatula a npf6.8 mutant and nitrate insensitive line deficient in MtNPF6.8 and the corresponding wild and sensitive genotype for their transcriptomic and proteomic responses to nitrate. Interestingly, only 13 transcripts and no protein were differently accumulated in the primary root tip of the npf6.8-3 mutant line in response to nitrate. The sensitivity of the primary root tip to nitrate appeared therefore to be strongly linked to the integrity of MtNPF6.8 which acts as a master mediator of the nitrate signal involved in the control of the root system architecture. In parallel, 7,259 and 493 genes responded, respectively, at the level of transcripts or proteins in the wild type, 196 genes being identified by both their transcript and protein. By focusing on these 196 genes, a concordance of expression was observed for most of them with 143 genes being up-regulated and 51 being down-regulated at the two gene expression levels. Their ontology analysis uncovered a high enrichment in POD genes, allowing the identification of POD candidates involved in the changes in POD activity previously observed in response to nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zang
- Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | | | | | - Michel Zivy
- PAPPSO, GQE – Le Moulon, INRA, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thierry Balliau
- PAPPSO, GQE – Le Moulon, INRA, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thibault Clochard
- Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Sandrine Balzergue
- Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Sandra Pelletier
- Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Claudine Landès
- Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Anis M. Limami
- Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
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Martínez-Peña R, Schlereth A, Höhne M, Encke B, Morcuende R, Nieto-Taladriz MT, Araus JL, Aparicio N, Vicente R. Source-Sink Dynamics in Field-Grown Durum Wheat Under Contrasting Nitrogen Supplies: Key Role of Non-Foliar Organs During Grain Filling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:869680. [PMID: 35574116 PMCID: PMC9100808 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.869680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The integration of high-throughput phenotyping and metabolic approaches is a suitable strategy to study the genotype-by-environment interaction and identify novel traits for crop improvement from canopy to an organ level. Our aims were to study the phenotypic and metabolic traits that are related to grain yield and quality at canopy and organ levels, with a special focus on source-sink coordination under contrasting N supplies. Four modern durum wheat varieties with contrasting grain yield were grown in field conditions under two N fertilization levels in north-eastern Spain. We evaluated canopy vegetation indices taken throughout the growing season, physiological and metabolic traits in different photosynthetic organs (flag leaf blade, sheath, peduncle, awn, glume, and lemma) at anthesis and mid-grain filling stages, and agronomic and grain quality traits at harvest. Low N supply triggered an imbalance of C and N coordination at the whole plant level, leading to a reduction of grain yield and nutrient composition. The activities of key enzymes in C and N metabolism as well as the levels of photoassimilates showed that each organ plays an important role during grain filling, some with a higher photosynthetic capacity, others for nutrient storage for later stages of grain filling, or N assimilation and recycling. Interestingly, the enzyme activities and sucrose content of the ear organs were positively associated with grain yield and quality, suggesting, together with the regression models using isotope signatures, the potential contribution of these organs during grain filling. This study highlights the use of holistic approaches to the identification of novel targets to improve grain yield and quality in C3 cereals and the key role of non-foliar organs at late-growth stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martínez-Peña
- Group of Cereals, Section of Herbaceous, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Junta de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Armin Schlereth
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Melanie Höhne
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Beatrice Encke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rosa Morcuende
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Araus
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nieves Aparicio
- Group of Cereals, Section of Herbaceous, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Junta de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Plant Ecophysiology and Metabolism Group, Oeiras, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Rubén Vicente
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12
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Păucean A, Mureșan V, Maria-Man S, Chiș MS, Mureșan AE, Șerban LR, Pop A, Muste S. Metabolomics as a Tool to Elucidate the Sensory, Nutritional and Safety Quality of Wheat Bread-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168945. [PMID: 34445648 PMCID: PMC8396194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most extensively cultivated and used staple crops in human nutrition, while wheat bread is annually consumed in more than nine billion kilograms over the world. Consumers’ purchase decisions on wheat bread are largely influenced by its nutritional and sensorial characteristics. In the last decades, metabolomics is considered an effective tool for elucidating the information on metabolites; however, the deep investigations on metabolites still remain a difficult and longtime action. This review gives emphasis on the achievements in wheat bread metabolomics by highlighting targeted and untargeted analyses used in this field. The metabolomics approaches are discussed in terms of quality, processing and safety of wheat and bread, while the molecular mechanisms involved in the sensorial and nutritional characteristics of wheat bread are pointed out. These aspects are of crucial importance in the context of new consumers’ demands on healthy bakery products rich in bioactive compounds but, equally, with good sensorial acceptance. Moreover, metabolomics is a potential tool for assessing the changes in nutrient composition from breeding to processing, while monitoring and understanding the transformations of metabolites with bioactive properties, as well as the formation of compounds like toxins during wheat storage.
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Marcos-Barbero EL, Pérez P, Martínez-Carrasco R, Arellano JB, Morcuende R. Screening for Higher Grain Yield and Biomass among Sixty Bread Wheat Genotypes Grown under Elevated CO 2 and High-Temperature Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10081596. [PMID: 34451641 PMCID: PMC8401911 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Global warming will inevitably affect crop development and productivity, increasing uncertainty regarding food production. The exploitation of genotypic variability can be a promising approach for selecting improved crop varieties that can counteract the adverse effects of future climate change. We investigated the natural variation in yield performance under combined elevated CO2 and high-temperature conditions in a set of 60 bread wheat genotypes (59 of the 8TH HTWSN CIMMYT collection and Gazul). Plant height, biomass production, yield components and phenological traits were assessed. Large variations in the selected traits were observed across genotypes. The CIMMYT genotypes showed higher biomass and grain yield when compared to Gazul, indicating that the former performed better than the latter under the studied environmental conditions. Principal component and hierarchical clustering analyses revealed that the 60 wheat genotypes employed different strategies to achieve final grain yield, highlighting that the genotypes that can preferentially increase grain and ear numbers per plant will display better yield responses under combined elevated levels of CO2 and temperature. This study demonstrates the success of the breeding programs under warmer temperatures and the plants' capacity to respond to the concurrence of certain environmental factors, opening new opportunities for the selection of widely adapted climate-resilient wheat genotypes.
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14
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Marcos-Barbero EL, Pérez P, Martínez-Carrasco R, Arellano JB, Morcuende R. Genotypic Variability on Grain Yield and Grain Nutritional Quality Characteristics of Wheat Grown under Elevated CO 2 and High Temperature. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1043. [PMID: 34064280 PMCID: PMC8224326 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The progressive rise in atmospheric CO2 concentrations and temperature associated with climate change is predicted to have a major impact on the productivity and quality of food crops. Therefore, food security is highly dependent on climate change. Following a survey with 60 bread wheat genotypes, here we investigated the genetic variation in grain yield and nutritional quality among 10 of these genotypes grown under elevated CO2 and temperature. With this purpose, the biomass production, grain yield-related traits, the grain concentration of starch, total protein, phenolic compounds, and mineral nutrients, together with the total antioxidant capacity, were determined. Variation among genotypes was found for almost all the studied traits. Higher grain and ear numbers were associated with increased grain yield but decreased grain total protein concentration and minerals such as Cu, Fe, Mg, Na, P, and Zn. Mineral nutrients were mainly associated with wheat biomass, whereas protein concentration was affected by plant biomass and yield-related traits. Associations among different nutrients and promising nutrient concentrations in some wheat genotypes were also found. This study demonstrates that the exploration of genetic diversity is a powerful approach, not only for selecting genotypes with improved quality, but also for dissecting the effect of the environment on grain yield and nutritional composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rosa Morcuende
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (E.L.M.-B.); (P.P.); (R.M.-C.); (J.B.A.)
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15
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Araus JL, Sanchez-Bragado R, Vicente R. Improving crop yield and resilience through optimization of photosynthesis: panacea or pipe dream? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3936-3955. [PMID: 33640973 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the speed of breeding to enhance crop productivity and adaptation to abiotic stresses is urgently needed. The perception that a second Green Revolution should be implemented is widely established within the scientific community and among stakeholders. In recent decades, different alternatives have been proposed for increasing crop yield through manipulation of leaf photosynthetic efficiency. However, none of these has delivered practical or relevant outputs. Indeed, the actual increases in photosynthetic rates are not expected to translate into yield increases beyond 10-15%. Furthermore, instantaneous rates of leaf photosynthesis are not necessarily the reference target for research. Yield is the result of canopy photosynthesis, understood as the contribution of laminar and non-laminar organs over time, within which concepts such as canopy architecture, stay-green, or non-laminar photosynthesis need to be taken into account. Moreover, retrospective studies show that photosynthetic improvements have been more common at the canopy level. Nevertheless, it is crucial to place canopy photosynthesis in the context of whole-plant functioning, which includes sink-source balance and transport of photoassimilates, and the availability and uptake of nutrients, such as nitrogen in particular. Overcoming this challenge will only be feasible if a multiscale crop focus combined with a multidisciplinary scientific approach is adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Araus
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ruth Sanchez-Bragado
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Plant Ecophysiology and Metabolism Group, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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16
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Beleggia R, Omranian N, Holtz Y, Gioia T, Fiorani F, Nigro FM, Pecchioni N, De Vita P, Schurr U, David JL, Nikoloski Z, Papa R. Comparative Analysis Based on Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Data Reveal Differences between Emmer and Durum Wheat in Response to Nitrogen Starvation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4790. [PMID: 33946478 PMCID: PMC8124848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates the key role of nitrogen (N) on diverse processes in plant, including development and defense. Using a combined transcriptomics and metabolomics approach, we studied the response of seedlings to N starvation of two different tetraploid wheat genotypes from the two main domesticated subspecies: emmer and durum wheat. We found that durum wheat exhibits broader and stronger response in comparison to emmer as seen from the expression pattern of both genes and metabolites and gene enrichment analysis. They showed major differences in the responses to N starvation for transcription factor families, emmer showed differential reduction in the levels of primary metabolites while durum wheat exhibited increased levels of most of them to N starvation. The correlation-based networks, including the differentially expressed genes and metabolites, revealed tighter regulation of metabolism in durum wheat in comparison to emmer. We also found that glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) had highest values of centrality in the metabolic correlation network, suggesting their critical role in the genotype-specific response to N starvation of emmer and durum wheat, respectively. Moreover, this finding indicates that there might be contrasting strategies associated to GABA and glutamate signaling modulating shoot vs. root growth in the two different wheat subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Beleggia
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), 71122 Foggia, Italy; (R.B.); (F.M.N.); (N.P.); (P.D.V.)
| | - Nooshin Omranian
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (N.O.); (Z.N.)
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yan Holtz
- Montpellier SupAgro, UMR Amelioration Genetique et Adaptation des Plantes, 34060 Montpellier, France; (Y.H.); (J.L.D.)
| | - Tania Gioia
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Fabio Fiorani
- Institute of Biosciences and Geosciences (IBG-2): Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, 52428 Julich, Germany; (F.F.); (U.S.)
| | - Franca M. Nigro
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), 71122 Foggia, Italy; (R.B.); (F.M.N.); (N.P.); (P.D.V.)
| | - Nicola Pecchioni
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), 71122 Foggia, Italy; (R.B.); (F.M.N.); (N.P.); (P.D.V.)
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), 71122 Foggia, Italy; (R.B.); (F.M.N.); (N.P.); (P.D.V.)
| | - Ulrich Schurr
- Institute of Biosciences and Geosciences (IBG-2): Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, 52428 Julich, Germany; (F.F.); (U.S.)
| | - Jacques L. David
- Montpellier SupAgro, UMR Amelioration Genetique et Adaptation des Plantes, 34060 Montpellier, France; (Y.H.); (J.L.D.)
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (N.O.); (Z.N.)
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Roberto Papa
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), 71122 Foggia, Italy; (R.B.); (F.M.N.); (N.P.); (P.D.V.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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17
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Adavi SB, Sathee L. Elevated CO 2 differentially regulates root nitrate transporter kinetics in a genotype and nitrate dose-dependent manner. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 305:110807. [PMID: 33691956 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen (N) and protein concentration of wheat crop and grain often decline as a result of exposure of the crop to elevated CO2 (EC). In our earlier studies, it was found that the exacerbated production of nitric oxide (NO) represses the transcription of nitrate reductase (NR) and high affinity nitrate transporters (HATS) in EC grown wheat seedlings receiving high N. High N supply under EC also resulted in accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS; NO and S- nitrosothiols) ensuing faster senescence and reduced N metabolite concentration in wheat. In this study, the effect of short-term exposure to EC on nitrate uptake kinetics was studied. The impact of EC on constitutive and inducible components of high affinity and low affinity nitrate uptake systems (HATS and LATS) were delineated in two wheat genotypes diverse in terms of nitrate uptake and assimilation capacities. Nitrate dose-response of NR was suppressed by EC in both leaf and root tissues. Plants grown under EC displayed a marked reduction in nitrate uptake kinetic components of LATS. Wheat genotype with high leaf nitrate assimilation capacity was able to maintain considerably higher nitrate uptake rate under EC albeit at a lower rate in comparison to ambient CO2. Wheat leaves exposed to EC displayed a comparatively higher abundance of NO and showed incremental abundance depending on increase in nitrate supply. Exogenous NO supply significantly suppressed the nitrate uptake rate of EC grown plants. Hence, EC-induced production of NO downregulates LATS kinetics in a genotype and nitrate dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep B Adavi
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Lekshmy Sathee
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Zhang X, Xu D, Han W, Wang Y, Fan X, Loladze I, Gao G, Zhang Y, Tong S, Ye N. Elevated CO 2 affects kelp nutrient quality: A case study of Saccharina japonica from CO 2 -enriched coastal mesocosm systems. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:379-391. [PMID: 33150587 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Kelps provide critical services for coastal food chains and ecosystem, and they are important food source for some segments of human population. Despite their ecological importance, little is known about long-term impacts of elevated CO2 (eCO2 ) on nutrient metabolites in kelps and the underlying regulation mechanisms. In this study, the kelp Saccharina japonica was cultured in CO2 -enriched coastal mesocosm systems for up to 3 months. We found that, although eCO2 significantly increased the growth rate, carbon concentrations, and C/N ratio of S. japonica, and it had no effect on total nitrogen and protein contents at the end of cultivation period. Meanwhile, it decreased the lipid, magnesium, sodium, and calcium content and changed the amino acid and fatty acid composition. Combining the genome-wide transcriptomic and metabolic evidence, we obtained a system-level understanding of metabolic response of S. japonica to eCO2 . The unique ornithine-urea cycle (OUC) and aspartate-argininosuccinate shunt (AAS), coupled with TCA cycle, balanced the carbon and nitrogen metabolism under eCO2 by providing carbon skeleton for amino acid synthesis and reduced power for nitrogen assimilation. This research provides a major advance in the understanding of kelp nutrient metabolic mechanism in the context of global climate change, and such CO2 -induced shifts in nutritional value may induce changes in the structure and stability of marine trophic webs and affect the quality of human nutrition resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Wentao Han
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiao Fan
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Irakli Loladze
- Bryan College of Health Sciences, Bryan Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, 68506, USA
| | - Guang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Marine Bioresources and Environment, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shanying Tong
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Naihao Ye
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China
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19
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Adavi SB, Sathee L. Elevated CO 2 alters tissue balance of nitrogen metabolism and downregulates nitrogen assimilation and signalling gene expression in wheat seedlings receiving high nitrate supply. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:219-233. [PMID: 33047233 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tissue and canopy-level evidence suggests that elevated carbon dioxide (EC) inhibits shoot nitrate assimilation in plants and thereby affects nitrogen (N) and protein content of the economic produce. It is speculated that species or genotypes relying more on root nitrate assimilation can adapt better under EC due to the improved/steady supply of reductants required for nitrate assimilation. A study was conducted to examine the effect of EC on N assimilation and associated gene expression in wheat seedlings. Wheat genotypes, BT-Schomburgk (BTS) with comparatively high leaf nitrate reductase (NR) activity and Gluyas Early (GE) with high root NR activity were grown in hydroponic culture for 30 days with two different nitrate levels (0.05 mM and 5 mM) in the climate controlled growth chambers maintained at either ambient (400 ± 10 μmol mol-1) or EC (700 ± 10 μmol mol-1) conditions. Exposure to EC downregulated the activity of enzyme NR and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) in leaf tissues, whereas in roots, activities of both the enzymes were upregulated by exposure to EC. In addition, EC downregulated N assimilation and signalling gene expression under high N availability. Root N assimilation was less affected in comparison with shoot N assimilation; thereby, the proportion of root contribution towards total assimilation was higher. The results suggest that EC could alter and re-programme N assimilation and signalling in wheat seedlings. The genotype and tissue-specific effects of EC on N assimilation also warrants the need for identification of suitable genotypes and revision of fertiliser regime for tapping the beneficial effects of EC conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep B Adavi
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Lekshmy Sathee
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
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20
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Bista DR, Heckathorn SA, Jayawardena DM, Boldt JK. Effect of drought and carbon dioxide on nutrient uptake and levels of nutrient-uptake proteins in roots of barley. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2020; 107:1401-1409. [PMID: 33021337 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ) concentration is increasing, as is the frequency and duration of drought in some regions. Elevated CO2 can decrease the effects of drought by further decreasing stomatal opening and, hence, water loss from leaves. Both elevated CO2 and drought typically decrease plant nutrient concentration, but their interactive effects on nutrient status and uptake are little studied. We investigated whether elevated CO2 helps negate the decrease in plant nutrient status during drought by upregulating nutrient-uptake proteins in roots. METHODS Barley (Hordeum vulgare) was subjected to current vs. elevated CO2 (400 or 700 ppm) and drought vs. well-watered conditions, after which we measured biomass, tissue nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations (%N and P), N- and P-uptake rates, and the concentration of the major N- and P-uptake proteins in roots. RESULTS Elevated CO2 decreased the impact of drought on biomass. In contrast, both drought and elevated CO2 decreased %N and %P in most cases, and their effects were additive for shoots. Root N- and P-uptake rates were strongly decreased by drought, but were not significantly affected by CO2 . Averaged across treatments, both drought and high CO2 resulted in upregulation of NRT1 (NO3- transporter) and AMT1 (NH4+ transporter) per unit total root protein, while only drought increased PHT1 (P transporter). CONCLUSIONS Elevated CO2 exacerbated decreases in %N and %P, and hence food quality, during drought, despite increases in the concentration of nutrient-uptake proteins in roots, indicating other limitations to nutrient uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepesh R Bista
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Scott A Heckathorn
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | | | - Jennifer K Boldt
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
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21
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Padhan BK, Sathee L, Meena HS, Adavi SB, Jha SK, Chinnusamy V. CO 2 Elevation Accelerates Phenology and Alters Carbon/Nitrogen Metabolism vis-à-vis ROS Abundance in Bread Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1061. [PMID: 32765552 PMCID: PMC7379427 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is an important staple food crop of the world and it accounts for 18-20% of human dietary protein. Recent reports suggest that CO2 elevation (CE) reduces grain protein and micronutrient content. In our earlier study, it was found that the enhanced production of nitric oxide (NO) and the concomitant decrease in transcript abundance as well as activity of nitrate reductase (NR) and high affinity nitrate transporters (HATS) resulted in CE-mediated decrease in N metabolites in wheat seedlings. In the current study, two bread wheat genotypes Gluyas Early and B.T. Schomburgk differing in nitrate uptake and assimilation properties were evaluated for their response to CE. To understand the impact of low (LN), optimal (ON) and high (HN) nitrogen supply on plant growth, phenology, N and C metabolism, ROS and RNS signaling and yield, plants were evaluated under short term (hydroponics experiment) and long term (pot experiment) CE. CE improved growth, altered N assimilation, C/N ratio, N use efficiency (NUE) in B.T. Schomburgk. In general, CE decreased shoot N concentration and grain protein concentration in wheat irrespective of N supply. CE accelerated phenology and resulted in early flowering of both the wheat genotypes. Plants grown under CE showed higher levels of nitrosothiol and ROS, mainly under optimal and high nitrogen supply. Photorespiratory ammonia assimilating genes were down regulated by CE, whereas, expression of nitrate transporter/NPF genes were differentially regulated between genotypes by CE under different N availability. The response to CE was dependent on N supply as well as genotype. Hence, N fertilizer recommendation needs to be revised based on these variables for improving plant responses to N fertilization under a future CE scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birendra K. Padhan
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Lekshmy Sathee
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Hari S. Meena
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep B. Adavi
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shailendra K. Jha
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Gray SB, Rodriguez‐Medina J, Rusoff S, Toal TW, Kajala K, Runcie DE, Brady SM. Translational regulation contributes to the elevated CO 2 response in two Solanum species. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:383-397. [PMID: 31797460 PMCID: PMC7216843 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the impact of elevated CO2 (eCO2 ) in global agriculture is important given climate change projections. Breeding climate-resilient crops depends on genetic variation within naturally varying populations. The effect of genetic variation in response to eCO2 is poorly understood, especially in crop species. We describe the different ways in which Solanum lycopersicum and its wild relative S. pennellii respond to eCO2 , from cell anatomy, to the transcriptome, and metabolome. We further validate the importance of translational regulation as a potential mechanism for plants to adaptively respond to rising levels of atmospheric CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon B. Gray
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome CenterUniversity of California, Davis451 Health Sciences DriveDavisCA95616USA
| | - Joel Rodriguez‐Medina
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome CenterUniversity of California, Davis451 Health Sciences DriveDavisCA95616USA
| | - Samuel Rusoff
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome CenterUniversity of California, Davis451 Health Sciences DriveDavisCA95616USA
| | - Ted W. Toal
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome CenterUniversity of California, Davis451 Health Sciences DriveDavisCA95616USA
| | - Kaisa Kajala
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome CenterUniversity of California, Davis451 Health Sciences DriveDavisCA95616USA
- Present address:
Plant EcophysiologyUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 83584 CHUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Daniel E. Runcie
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California, DavisOne Shields AvenueDavisCA95616USA
| | - Siobhan M. Brady
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome CenterUniversity of California, Davis451 Health Sciences DriveDavisCA95616USA
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Gámez AL, Vicente R, Sanchez-Bragado R, Jauregui I, Morcuende R, Goicoechea N, Aranjuelo I. Differential Flag Leaf and Ear Photosynthetic Performance Under Elevated (CO 2) Conditions During Grain Filling Period in Durum Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:587958. [PMID: 33391300 PMCID: PMC7775369 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.587958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of CO2 (CO2) in plants with C3 photosynthesis metabolism, such as wheat, stimulate photosynthetic rates. However, photosynthesis tends to decrease as a function of exposure to high (CO2) due to down-regulation of the photosynthetic machinery, and this phenomenon is defined as photosynthetic acclimation. Considerable efforts are currently done to determine the effect of photosynthetic tissues, such us spike, in grain filling. There is good evidence that the contribution of ears to grain filling may be important not only under good agronomic conditions but also under high (CO2). The main objective of this study was to compare photoassimilate production and energy metabolism between flag leaves and glumes as part of ears of wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum cv. Amilcar) plants exposed to ambient [a(CO2)] and elevated [e(CO2)] (CO2) (400 and 700 μmol mol-1, respectively). Elevated CO2 had a differential effect on the responses of flag leaves and ears. The ears showed higher gross photosynthesis and respiration rates compared to the flag leaves. The higher ear carbohydrate content and respiration rates contribute to increase the grain dry mass. Our results support the concept that acclimation of photosynthesis to e(CO2) is driven by sugar accumulation, reduction in N concentrations and repression of genes related to photosynthesis, glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and that these were more marked in glumes than leaves. Further, important differences are described on responsiveness of flag leaves and ears to e(CO2) on genes linked with carbon and nitrogen metabolism. These findings provide information about the impact of e(CO2) on ear development during the grain filling stage and are significant for understanding the effects of increasing (CO2) on crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie L. Gámez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva, Spain
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Instituto de Tecnología Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rut Sanchez-Bragado
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida – AGROTECNIO Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Iván Jauregui
- Plant Genetics, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Rosa Morcuende
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nieves Goicoechea
- Departamento Biología Ambiental, Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas, Facultad de Ciencias (Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza, e ICVV, Logroño), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva, Spain
- *Correspondence: Iker Aranjuelo,
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Vicente R, Bolger AM, Martínez-Carrasco R, Pérez P, Gutiérrez E, Usadel B, Morcuende R. De Novo Transcriptome Analysis of Durum Wheat Flag Leaves Provides New Insights Into the Regulatory Response to Elevated CO 2 and High Temperature. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1605. [PMID: 31921252 PMCID: PMC6915051 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is becoming a significant problem for food security, particularly in the Mediterranean basin. The use of molecular techniques to study gene-level responses to environmental changes in non-model organisms is increasing and may help to improve the mechanistic understanding of durum wheat response to elevated CO2 and high temperature. With this purpose, we performed transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analyses combined with physiological and biochemical studies in the flag leaf of plants grown in field chambers at ear emergence. Enhanced photosynthesis by elevated CO2 was accompanied by an increase in biomass and starch and fructan content, and a decrease in N compounds, as chlorophyll, soluble proteins, and Rubisco content, in association with a decline of nitrate reductase and initial and total Rubisco activities. While high temperature led to a decline of chlorophyll, Rubisco activity, and protein content, the glucose content increased and starch decreased. Furthermore, elevated CO2 induced several genes involved in mitochondrial electron transport, a few genes for photosynthesis and fructan synthesis, and most of the genes involved in secondary metabolism and gibberellin and jasmonate metabolism, whereas those related to light harvesting, N assimilation, and other hormone pathways were repressed. High temperature repressed genes for C, energy, N, lipid, secondary, and hormone metabolisms. Under the combined increases in atmospheric CO2 and temperature, the transcript profile resembled that previously reported for high temperature, although elevated CO2 partly alleviated the downregulation of primary and secondary metabolism genes. The results suggest that there was a reprogramming of primary and secondary metabolism under the future climatic scenario, leading to coordinated regulation of C-N metabolism towards C-rich metabolites at elevated CO2 and a shift away from C-rich secondary metabolites at high temperature. Several candidate genes differentially expressed were identified, including protein kinases, receptor kinases, and transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Vicente
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Martínez-Carrasco
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pilar Pérez
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elena Gutiérrez
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Björn Usadel
- Institute for Biology 1, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Rosa Morcuende
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
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25
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Cohen I, Halpern M, Yermiyahu U, Bar-Tal A, Gendler T, Rachmilevitch S. CO 2 and nitrogen interaction alters root anatomy, morphology, nitrogen partitioning and photosynthetic acclimation of tomato plants. PLANTA 2019; 250:1423-1432. [PMID: 31290031 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen and CO2 supply interactively regulate whole plant nitrogen partitioning and root anatomical and morphological development in tomato plants. Nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) are the key elements in plant growth and constitute the majority of plant dry matter. Growing at CO2 enrichment has the potential to stimulate the growth of C3 plants, however, growth is often limited by N availability. Thus, the interactive effects of CO2 under different N fertilization rates can affect growth, acclimation to elevated CO2, and yield. However, the majority of research in this field has focused on shoot traits, while neglecting plants' hidden half-the roots. We hypothesize that elevated CO2 and low N effects on transpiration will interactively affect root vascular development and plant N partitioning. Here we studied the effects of elevated CO2 and N concentrations on greenhouse-grown tomato plants, a C3 crop. Our main objective was to determine in what manner the N fertilization rate and elevated CO2 affected root development and nitrogen partitioning among plant organs. Our results indicate that N interacting with the CO2 level affects the development of the root system in terms of the length, anatomy, and partitioning of the N concentration between the roots and shoot. Both CO2 and N concentrations were found to affect xylem size in an opposite manner, elevated CO2 found to repressed, whereas ample N stimulated xylem development. We found that under limiting N and eCO2, the N% increase in the root, while it decreased in the shoot. Under eCO2, the root system size increased with a coordinated decrease in root xylem area. We suggest that tomato root response to elevated CO2 depends on N fertilization rates, and that a decrease in xylem size is a possible underlying response that limits nitrogen allocation from the root into the shoot. Additionally, the greater abundance of root amino acids suggests increased root nitrogen metabolism at eCO2 conditions with ample N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Cohen
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Beersheba, Israel.
| | - Moshe Halpern
- Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, Mobile Post Negev 2, 85280, Rishon Lezion, Israel
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Uri Yermiyahu
- Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, Mobile Post Negev 2, 85280, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Asher Bar-Tal
- Department of Soil Chemistry, Plant Nutrition and Microbiology, Institute of Soil, Water, and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), 75359, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Tanya Gendler
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Shimon Rachmilevitch
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990, Beersheba, Israel
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26
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Rubio MB, Martínez de Alba AE, Nicolás C, Monte E, Hermosa R. Early Root Transcriptomic Changes in Wheat Seedlings Colonized by Trichoderma harzianum Under Different Inorganic Nitrogen Supplies. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2444. [PMID: 31749777 PMCID: PMC6842963 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important crops worldwide. The use of plant growth promoting microorganisms, such as those of the genus Trichoderma, constitutes an alternative to chemical fertilizers, since they are cheaper and are not detrimental to the environment. However, the interaction between Trichoderma and wheat plants has been scarcely studied, at least at a molecular level. In the present work, a microarray approach was used to study the early transcriptomic changes induced in wheat roots by Trichoderma harzianum, applied alone or in combination with different concentrations of calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2], which was last used as nitrogen (N) source. Our results show that T. harzianum causes larger transcriptomic changes than Ca(NO3)2 in wheat roots, and such changes are different when plants are challenged with Trichoderma alone or treated with a combination of T. harzianum and Ca(NO3)2. Overall, T. harzianum activates the expression of defense-related genes at early stages of the interaction with the roots, while this fungus reduces the expression of genes related to plant growth and development. Moreover, the current study in wheat roots, subjected to the different T. harzianum and Ca(NO3)2 combinations, reveals that the number of transcriptomic changes was higher when compared against those caused by the different Ca(NO3)2 concentrations than when it was compared against those caused by T. harzianum. N metabolism gene expression changes were in agreement with the levels of nitrate reductase activity measured in plants from Trichoderma plus Ca(NO3)2 conditions. Results were also concordant with plant phenotypes, which showed reduced growth at early interaction stages when inoculated with T. harzianum or with its combination with Ca(NO3)2 at the lowest dosage. These results were in a good agreement with the recognized role of Trichoderma as an inducer of plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Belén Rubio
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - A Emilio Martínez de Alba
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Nicolás
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Enrique Monte
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rosa Hermosa
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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27
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Gao Y, de Bang TC, Schjoerring JK. Cisgenic overexpression of cytosolic glutamine synthetase improves nitrogen utilization efficiency in barley and prevents grain protein decline under elevated CO 2. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:1209-1221. [PMID: 30525274 PMCID: PMC6576097 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS1) plays a central role in nitrogen (N) metabolism. The importance of GS1 in N remobilization during reproductive growth has been reported in cereal species but attempts to improve N utilization efficiency (NUE) by overexpressing GS1 have yielded inconsistent results. Here, we demonstrate that transformation of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants using a cisgenic strategy to express an extra copy of native HvGS1-1 lead to increased HvGS1.1 expression and GS1 enzyme activity. GS1 overexpressing lines exhibited higher grain yields and NUE than wild-type plants when grown under three different N supplies and two levels of atmospheric CO2 . In contrast with the wild-type, the grain protein concentration in the GS1 overexpressing lines did not decline when plants were exposed to elevated (800-900 μL/L) atmospheric CO2 . We conclude that an increase in GS1 activity obtained through cisgenic overexpression of HvGS1-1 can improve grain yield and NUE in barley. The extra capacity for N assimilation obtained by GS1 overexpression may also provide a means to prevent declining grain protein levels under elevated atmospheric CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Gao
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesFaculty of ScienceCopenhagen UniversityFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Thomas C. de Bang
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesFaculty of ScienceCopenhagen UniversityFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Jan K. Schjoerring
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesFaculty of ScienceCopenhagen UniversityFrederiksbergDenmark
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28
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Yu J, Fan N, Li R, Zhuang L, Xu Q, Huang B. Proteomic Profiling for Metabolic Pathways Involved in Interactive Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen on Leaf Growth in a Perennial Grass Species. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2446-2457. [PMID: 31081640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen are major environmental factors affecting shoot growth. The objectives of this study are to determine the interactive effects of elevated CO2 and nitrogen on leaf growth in tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea) and to identify major proteins and associated metabolic pathways underlying CO2-regulation of leaf growth under insufficient and sufficient nitrate conditions using proteomic analysis. Plants of tall fescue treated with low nitrate level (0.25 mM, LN), moderate nitrate level (4 mM, MN) and high nitrate level (32 mM, HN) were exposed to ambient (400 μmol mol-1) and elevated (800 μmol mol-1) CO2 concentrations in environment-controlled growth chambers. Increased atmospheric CO2 concentration increased leaf length and shoot biomass, which corresponded to increased content of indo-acetic acid, gibberellic acid, cytokinins and reduced content of abscisic acid under sufficient nitrate conditions (MN and HN conditions). Low nitrate supply limited shoot growth and hormonal responses to elevated CO2. Proteomic analysis of plants exposed to elevated CO2 under LN and MN conditions demonstrated the increases in the abundance of many proteins due to elevated CO2 under MN condition involved with cell cycle and proliferation, transcription and translation, photosynthesis (ribosomal and chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins), amino acids synthesis, sucrose and starch metabolism, as well as ABA signaling pathways (ABA-induced proteins). Our results revealed major proteins and associated metabolic pathways associated with the interactive effects of elevated CO2 and nitrate regulating leaf growth in a perennial grass species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjin Yu
- College of Agro-grassland Science , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , PR China
| | - Ningli Fan
- College of Agro-grassland Science , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , PR China
| | - Ran Li
- College of Agro-grassland Science , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , PR China
| | - Lili Zhuang
- College of Agro-grassland Science , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , PR China
| | - Qian Xu
- College of Agro-grassland Science , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , PR China
| | - Bingru Huang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology , Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
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29
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Saia S, Fragasso M, De Vita P, Beleggia R. Metabolomics Provides Valuable Insight for the Study of Durum Wheat: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3069-3085. [PMID: 30829031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is increasingly being applied in various fields offering a highly informative tool for high-throughput diagnostics. However, in plant sciences, metabolomics is underused, even though plant studies are relatively easy and cheap when compared to those on humans and animals. Despite their importance for human nutrition, cereals, and especially wheat, remain understudied from a metabolomics point of view. The metabolomics of durum wheat has been essentially neglected, although its genetic structure allows the inference of common mechanisms that can be extended to other wheat and cereal species. This review covers the present achievements in durum wheat metabolomics highlighting the connections with the metabolomics of other cereal species (especially bread wheat). We discuss the metabolomics data from various studies and their relationships to other "-omics" sciences, in terms of wheat genetics, abiotic and biotic stresses, beneficial microbes, and the characterization and use of durum wheat as feed, food, and food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Saia
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) , Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI) , S.S. 673 , Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia , Italy
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) , Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI) , S.S. 11 per Torino , Km 2,5, 13100 Vercelli , Italy
| | - Mariagiovanna Fragasso
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) , Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI) , S.S. 673 , Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia , Italy
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) , Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI) , S.S. 673 , Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia , Italy
| | - Romina Beleggia
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) , Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI) , S.S. 673 , Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia , Italy
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30
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Torralbo F, Vicente R, Morcuende R, González-Murua C, Aranjuelo I. C and N metabolism in barley leaves and peduncles modulates responsiveness to changing CO2. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:599-611. [PMID: 30476207 PMCID: PMC6322569 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Balancing of leaf carbohydrates is a key process for maximising crop performance in elevated CO2 environments. With the aim of testing the role of the carbon sink-source relationship under different CO2 conditions, we performed two experiments with two barley genotypes (Harrington and RCSL-89) exposed to changing CO2. In Experiment 1, the genotypes were exposed to 400 and 700 ppm CO2. Elevated CO2 induced photosynthetic acclimation in Harrington that was linked with the depletion of Rubisco protein. In contrast, a higher peduncle carbohydrate-storage capacity in RSCL-89 was associated with a better balance of leaf carbohydrates that could help to maximize the photosynthetic capacity under elevated CO2. In Experiment 2, plants that were grown at 400 ppm or 700 ppm CO2 for 5 weeks were switched to 700 ppm or 400 ppm CO2, respectively. Raising CO2 to 700 ppm increased photosynthetic rates with a reduction in leaf carbohydrate content and an improvement in N assimilation. The increase in nitrate content was associated with up-regulation of genes of protein transcripts of photosynthesis and N assimilation that favoured plant performance under elevated CO2. Finally, decreasing the CO2 from 700 ppm to 400 ppm revealed that both stomatal closure and inhibited expression of light-harvesting proteins negatively affected photosynthetic performance and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Torralbo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB)-CSIC, Avenida de Pamplona, Mutilva Baja, Spain
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Abiotic Stress Department, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rosa Morcuende
- Abiotic Stress Department, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carmen González-Murua
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB)-CSIC, Avenida de Pamplona, Mutilva Baja, Spain
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31
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Al Jaouni S, Saleh AM, Wadaan MAM, Hozzein WN, Selim S, AbdElgawad H. Elevated CO 2 induces a global metabolic change in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) and improves their biological activity. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 224-225:121-131. [PMID: 29626813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have discussed the influence of elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2) on modeling and crop plants. However, much less effort has been dedicated to herbal plants. In this study, a robust monitoring for the levels of 94 primary and secondary metabolites and minerals in two medicinal herbs, basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), grwon under both ambient (aCO2, 360 ppm) and eCO2 (620 ppm) was performed. We also assessed how the changes in herbal tissue chemistry affected their biological activity. Elevated CO2 significantly increased herbal biomass, improved the rates of photosynthesis and dark respiration, and altered the tissue chemistry. Principal Component Analysis of the full data set revealed that eCO2 induced a global change in the metabolomes of the two plants. Moreover, Hierarchical Clustering Analyses showed quantitative differences in the metabolic profiles of the two plants and in their responsiveness to eCO2. Out of 94 metabolites, 38 and 31 significantly increased in basil and peppermint, respectively, as affected by eCO2. Regardless of the plant species, the levels of non-structural carbohydrates, fumarate, glutamine, glutathione, ascorbate, phylloquinone (vitamin K1), anthocyanins and a majority of flavonoids and minerals were significantly improved by eCO2. However, some metabolites tended to show species specificity. Interestingly, eCO2 caused enhancement in antioxidant, antiprotozoal, anti-bacterial and anticancer (against urinary bladder carcinoma; T24P) activities in both plants, which was consequent with improvement in the levels of antioxidant metabolites such as glutathione, ascorbate and flavonoids. Therefore, this study suggests that the metabolic changes triggered by eCO2 in the target herbal plants improved their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soad Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology and Youssef Abdulatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application (YAJCPMA), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Saleh
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science Yanbu, Taibah University, King Khalid Rd., Al Amoedi, 46423 Yanbu El-Bahr, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed A M Wadaan
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael N Hozzein
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, P.O. 2014, Saudi Arabia; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, P.O. 41522, Egypt
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, 62521 Beni-Suef, Egypt; Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp 2020, Belgium.
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Augustine DJ, Blumenthal DM, Springer TL, LeCain DR, Gunter SA, Derner JD. Elevated CO 2 induces substantial and persistent declines in forage quality irrespective of warming in mixedgrass prairie. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 28:721-735. [PMID: 29297964 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing atmospheric [CO2 ] and temperature are expected to affect the productivity, species composition, biogeochemistry, and therefore the quantity and quality of forage available to herbivores in rangeland ecosystems. Both elevated CO2 (eCO2 ) and warming affect plant tissue chemistry through multiple direct and indirect pathways, such that the cumulative outcomes of these effects are difficult to predict. Here, we report on a 7-yr study examining effects of CO2 enrichment (to 600 ppm) and infrared warming (+1.5°C day/3°C night) under realistic field conditions on forage quality and quantity in a semiarid, mixedgrass prairie. For the three dominant forage grasses, warming effects on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and tissue [N] were detected only in certain years, varied from negative to positive, and were relatively minor. In contrast, eCO2 substantially reduced IVDMD (two most abundant grasses) and [N] (all three dominant grass species) in most years, except the two wettest years. Furthermore, eCO2 reduced IVDMD and [N] independent of warming effects. Reduced IVDMD with eCO2 was related both to reduced [N] and increased acid detergent fiber (ADF) content of grass tissues. For the six most abundant forage species (representing 96% of total forage production), combined warming and eCO2 increased forage production by 38% and reduced forage [N] by 13% relative to ambient climate. Although the absolute magnitude of the decline in IVDMD and [N] due to combined warming and eCO2 may seem small (e.g., from 63.3 to 61.1% IVDMD and 1.25 to 1.04% [N] for Pascopyrum smithii), such shifts could have substantial consequences for the rate at which ruminants gain weight during the primary growing season in the largest remaining rangeland ecosystem in North America. With forage production increases, declining forage quality could potentially be mitigated by adaptively increasing stocking rates, and through management such as prescribed burning, fertilization at low rates, and legume interseeding to enhance forage quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Augustine
- Rangeland Resources and Systems Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 1701 Centre Avenue, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80525, USA
| | - Dana M Blumenthal
- Rangeland Resources and Systems Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 1701 Centre Avenue, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80525, USA
| | - Tim L Springer
- Southern Plains Range Research Station, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 2000 18th Street, Woodward, Oklahoma, 73801, USA
| | - Daniel R LeCain
- Rangeland Resources and Systems Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 1701 Centre Avenue, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80525, USA
| | - Stacey A Gunter
- Southern Plains Range Research Station, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 2000 18th Street, Woodward, Oklahoma, 73801, USA
| | - Justin D Derner
- Rangeland Resources and Systems Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 8408 Hildreth Road, Cheyenne, Wyoming, 82009, USA
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Serret MD, Yousfi S, Vicente R, Piñero MC, Otálora-Alcón G, del Amor FM, Araus JL. Interactive Effects of CO 2 Concentration and Water Regime on Stable Isotope Signatures, Nitrogen Assimilation and Growth in Sweet Pepper. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 8:2180. [PMID: 29354140 PMCID: PMC5758588 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Sweet pepper is among the most widely cultivated horticultural crops in the Mediterranean basin, being frequently grown hydroponically under cover in combination with CO2 fertilization and water conditions ranging from optimal to suboptimal. The aim of this study is to develop a simple model, based on the analysis of plant stable isotopes in their natural abundance, gas exchange traits and N concentration, to assess sweet pepper growth. Plants were grown in a growth chamber for near 6 weeks. Two [CO2] (400 and 800 μmol mol-1), three water regimes (control and mild and moderate water stress) and four genotypes were assayed. For each combination of genotype, [CO2] and water regime five plants were evaluated. Water stress applied caused significant decreases in water potential, net assimilation, stomatal conductance, intercellular to atmospheric [CO2], and significant increases in water use efficiency, leaf chlorophyll content and carbon isotope composition, while the relative water content, the osmotic potential and the content of anthocyanins did change not under stress compared to control conditions support this statement. Nevertheless, water regime affects plant growth via nitrogen assimilation, which is associated with the transpiration stream, particularly at high [CO2], while the lower N concentration caused by rising [CO2] is not associated with stomatal closure. The stable isotope composition of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen (δ13C, δ18O, and δ15N) in plant matter are affected not only by water regime but also by rising [CO2]. Thus, δ18O increased probably as response to decreases in transpiration, while the increase in δ15N may reflect not only a lower stomatal conductance but a higher nitrogen demand in leaves or shifts in nitrogen metabolism associated with decreases in photorespiration. The way that δ13C explains differences in plant growth across water regimes within a given [CO2], seems to be mediated through its direct relationship with N accumulation in leaves. The changes in the profile and amount of amino acids caused by water stress and high [CO2] support this conclusion. However, the results do not support the use of δ18O as an indicator of the effect of water regime on plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- María D. Serret
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salima Yousfi
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María C. Piñero
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, La Alberca-Murcia, Spain
| | - Ginés Otálora-Alcón
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, La Alberca-Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco M. del Amor
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, La Alberca-Murcia, Spain
| | - José L. Araus
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Vega-Mas I, Pérez-Delgado CM, Marino D, Fuertes-Mendizábal T, González-Murua C, Márquez AJ, Betti M, Estavillo JM, González-Moro MB. Elevated CO2 Induces Root Defensive Mechanisms in Tomato Plants When Dealing with Ammonium Toxicity. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:2112-2125. [PMID: 29059445 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An adequate carbon supply is fundamental for plants to thrive under ammonium stress. In this work, we studied the mechanisms involved in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) response to ammonium toxicity when grown under ambient or elevated CO2 conditions (400 or 800 p.p.m. CO2). Tomato roots were observed to be the primary organ dealing with ammonium nutrition. We therefore analyzed nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) metabolism in the roots, integrating the physiological response with transcriptomic regulation. Elevated levels of CO2 preferentially stimulated root growth despite the high ammonium content. The induction of anaplerotic enzymes from the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle led to enhanced amino acid synthesis under ammonium nutrition. Furthermore, the root transcriptional response to ammonium toxicity was improved by CO2-enriched conditions, leading to higher expression of stress-related genes, as well as enhanced modulation of genes related to signaling, transcription, transport and hormone metabolism. Tomato roots exposed to ammonium stress also showed a defense-like transcriptional response according to the modulation of genes related to detoxification and secondary metabolism, involving principally terpenoid and phenolic compounds. These results indicate that increasing C supply allowed the co-ordinated regulation of root defense mechanisms when dealing with ammonium toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izargi Vega-Mas
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Carmen M Pérez-Delgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Profesor García González, 1, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Daniel Marino
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Teresa Fuertes-Mendizábal
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Carmen González-Murua
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Antonio J Márquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Profesor García González, 1, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marco Betti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Profesor García González, 1, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José María Estavillo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - María Begoña González-Moro
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
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New insights into the impacts of elevated CO 2, nitrogen, and temperature levels on the regulation of C and N metabolism in durum wheat using network analysis. N Biotechnol 2017; 40:192-199. [PMID: 28827159 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of correlation networks and hierarchical cluster analysis provides a framework to organize and study the coordination of parameters such as genes, metabolites, proteins and physiological parameters. We have analyzed 142 traits from primary C and N metabolism, including biochemical and gene expression analyses, in a range of 32 different growth conditions (various [CO2] levels, temperatures, N supplies, growth stages and experimental methods). To test the integration of primary metabolism, particularly under climate change, we investigated which C and N metabolic traits and transcript levels are correlated in durum wheat flag leaves using a correlation network and a hierarchical cluster analysis. There was a high amount of positive correlation between traits involved in a wide range of biological processes, suggesting a close and intricate coordination between C-N metabolisms at the biochemical and transcriptional levels. Transcript levels for genes related to N uptake and assimilation were especially coexpressed with genes belonging to the respiratory pathway, highlighting the coordination between the synthesis of organic N compounds and provision of energy and C skeletons. Also involved in this coordination were Rubisco and nitrate reductase activities, which play a key role in the regulation of plant metabolism. Carbohydrate accumulation was linked with a down-regulation of photosynthetic and N metabolism genes and nitrate reductase activity. Based on the degree of connectivity between nodes, network exploration facilitated the identification of some traits that may be biologically relevant during plant abiotic stress tolerance, as most of them are involved in limiting steps of plant metabolism.
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Thompson M, Gamage D, Hirotsu N, Martin A, Seneweera S. Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide on Photosynthesis and Carbon Partitioning: A Perspective on Root Sugar Sensing and Hormonal Crosstalk. Front Physiol 2017; 8:578. [PMID: 28848452 PMCID: PMC5550704 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant responses to atmospheric carbon dioxide will be of great concern in the future, as carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) are predicted to continue to rise. Elevated [CO2] causes increased photosynthesis in plants, which leads to greater production of carbohydrates and biomass. Which organ the extra carbohydrates are allocated to varies between species, but also within species. These carbohydrates are a major energy source for plant growth, but they also act as signaling molecules and have a range of uses beyond being a source of carbon and energy. Currently, there is a lack of information on how the sugar sensing and signaling pathways of plants are affected by the higher content of carbohydrates produced under elevated [CO2]. Particularly, the sugar signaling pathways of roots are not well understood, along with how they are affected by elevated [CO2]. At elevated [CO2], some plants allocate greater amounts of sugars to roots where they are likely to act on gene regulation and therefore modify nutrient uptake and transport. Glucose and sucrose also promote root growth, an effect similar to what occurs under elevated [CO2]. Sugars also crosstalk with hormones to regulate root growth, but also affect hormone biosynthesis. This review provides an update on the role of sugars as signaling molecules in plant roots and thus explores the currently known functions that may be affected by elevated [CO2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Thompson
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Dananjali Gamage
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Naoki Hirotsu
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo UniversityItakura-machi, Japan
| | - Anke Martin
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Saman Seneweera
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba, QLD, Australia
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Vicente R, Pérez P, Martínez-Carrasco R, Morcuende R. Improved responses to elevated CO 2 in durum wheat at a low nitrate supply associated with the upregulation of photosynthetic genes and the activation of nitrate assimilation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 260:119-128. [PMID: 28554469 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Elevated CO2 often leads to photosynthetic acclimation, and N availability may alter this response. We investigated whether the coordination of shoot-root N assimilation by elevated CO2 may help to optimize the whole-plant N allocation and maximize photosynthesis in hydroponically-grown durum wheat at two NO3- supplies in interaction with plant development. Transcriptional and biochemical analyses were performed on flag leaves and roots. At anthesis, the improved photosynthetic acclimation response to elevated CO2 at low N was associated with increased Rubisco, chlorophyll and amino acid contents, and upregulation of genes related to their biosynthesis, light reactions and Calvin-Benson cycle, while a decrease was recorded at high N. Despite the decrease in carbohydrates with elevated CO2 at low N and the increase at high N, a stronger upward trend in leaf NR activity was found at low rather than high N. The induction of N recycling-related genes was accompanied by an amino acids decline at high N. At the grain-filling stage, the photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO2 at high N was associated with the downregulation of both N assimilation, mainly in roots, and photosynthetic genes. At low N, enhanced root N assimilation partly compensated for slower shoot N assimilation and maximized photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Vicente
- Abiotic Stress Department, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pilar Pérez
- Abiotic Stress Department, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Rafael Martínez-Carrasco
- Abiotic Stress Department, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Rosa Morcuende
- Abiotic Stress Department, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
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