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Fu J, Liu X, Yin B, Shu P, Peng X. NECL2 regulates blood-testis barrier dynamics in mouse testes. Cell Tissue Res 2023:10.1007/s00441-023-03759-5. [PMID: 36872374 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03759-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The adhesion protein nectin-like molecule 2 (NECL2) is involved in spermatogenesis and participates in the connections between Sertoli cells and germ cells. Necl2 deficiency leads to infertility in male mice. We found that NECL2 is relatively highly expressed on the cell membranes of preleptotene spermatocytes. It is known that preleptotene spermatocytes pass through the blood-testis barrier (BTB) from the base of the seminiferous tubules to the lumen to complete meiosis. We hypothesized that the NECL2 protein on the surfaces of preleptotene spermatocytes has an effect on the BTB when crossing the barrier. Our results showed that Necl2 deficiency caused the levels of proteins in the BTB to be abnormal, such as those of Claudin 3, claudin 11, and Connexin43. NECL2 interacted and colocalized with adhesion proteins forming the BTB, such as Connexin43, Occludin, and N-cadherin. NECL2 regulated BTB dynamics when preleptotene spermatocytes passed through the barrier, and Necl2 deficiency caused BTB damage. Necl2 deletion significantly affected the testicular transcriptome, especially the expression of spermatogenesis-related genes. These results suggest that before meiosis and spermatid development occur, BTB dynamics regulated by NECL2 are necessary for spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Education, and State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, No. 5, Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Bin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, No. 5, Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Pengcheng Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, No. 5, Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Education, and State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, No. 5, Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China.
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Abstract
The male reproductive system consists of testes, a series of ducts connecting the testes to the external urethral orifice, accessory sex glands, and the penis. Spermatogonial stem cells differentiate and mature in testes and epididymides, and spermatozoa are ejaculated with exocrine fluids secreted by accessory sex glands. Many studies have clarified the detailed structure and function of the male reproductive system, and have shown that various biologic controls, including genomics, epigenetics, and the neuroendocrine-immune system regulate proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of germ cells. In other words (1) genetic deletion or abnormalities, (2) aberration of DNA methylation and histone modifications, as well as small RNA dysfunction, and (3) neuroendocrine-immune disorders are involved in functional failure of the male reproductive system. In this article, we review these three factors for germ cell microcircumstance, especially focused on the immunoendocrine environment. In particular, the relation between factors protecting germ cells with strong auto-immunogenicity and opposite factors compromising this protection are discussed. Reductions in sperm count, concentration, and semen quality are serious problems in developed countries, although the causes are complex and remain unclear. The accumulation of basic knowledge regarding the structure, function, and regulation of the male reproductive system under various experimental conditions will be important to resolve these problems.
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3
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Baliova M, Jursky F. Comparison of SynCAM1/CADM1 PDZ interactions with MUPP1 using mammalian and bacterial pull-down systems. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01587. [PMID: 32108449 PMCID: PMC7177587 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synaptic cell adhesion molecule 1 (SynCAM1) also known as cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) is a transmembrane cell adhesion protein that operates in a variety of physiological and pathological cellular contexts, and its interaction with the PDZ signalling protein MUPP1 have been previously implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS We used in vitro pull-down systems based on the bacterial and mammalian extracts to study SynCAM1/CADM1 PDZ interactions with MUPP1 at various conditions. RESULTS So far, the investigated interaction of SynCAM1/CADM1 with MUPP1 has been mostly attributed to an unspecified region of MUPP1 PDZ domains 1-5 or exclusively to domain 2, using a yeast two-hybrid system. We also confirmed the single interaction of native synaptosomal CADM1 with PDZ domain 2. However, in this work, using recombinant proteins overexpressed in bacteria, we found an in vitro pull-down conditions in which all first five domains and, to a much lesser extent, MUPP1 domains 7 and 11 significantly interacted with the whole C-terminal domain of SynCAM1/CADM1. These PDZ interactions were confirmed by a pull-down assay using the last seven amino acids of the SynCAM1/CADM1 PDZ motif and using two fusion partners. Multiple interactions were additionally replicated using the continuous N-terminal MUPP1 protein fragment, which included first five PDZ domains, containing either intact or mutated domain 2. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that multiple interactions might exist in vivo, representing transient low-affinity interactions or alternative binding sites on MUPP1 when domain 2 is occupied or occluded by the interaction with other ligands. This newly identified interactions extend the potential genetic mutations, possibly affecting SynCAM1/CADM1/MUPP1 function. Possible reasons for the absence of some of the identified CADM1 PDZ interactions in mammalian extracts are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Baliova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Frantisek Jursky
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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4
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Gewaily MS, Kassab M, Farrag FA, Almadaly EA, Atta MS, Abd-Elmaksoud A, Wakayama T. Comparative expression of cell adhesion molecule1 (CADM1) in the testes of experimental mice and some farm animals. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151456. [PMID: 31635798 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.151456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecule1 (CADM1) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IGSF) that has been found in mammalian testis and plays a substantial role in cell-to-cell interaction via either hemophilic (between spermatogenic cells) or heterophilic (between spermatogenic and somatic Sertoli cells) binding. The present study investigated the immunohistochemical localization of CADM1 in the testes of adult mice (Mus musculus), as well as sexually mature bull (Bos taurus), camel (Camelus dromedarius), and donkey (Equus asinus), using immunohistochemical techniques. The results revealed that CADM1 expression was observed in the spermatogonia and early spermatocytes as well as elongated spermatids in the mice testes; however, in the bull testis, its expression was restricted to the elongated spermatids. This expression was found in some of the early spermatocytes and elongated spermatids of the rutting camel testis but only found in the elongated spermatids of the non-rutting camel testis. Interestingly, CADM1 expression was detected in the spermatogonia, early spermatocytes, and elongated spermatids of the donkey testis. On the other hand, there was no expression of CADM1 observed in the Sertoli or interstitial cells. In conclusion, the expression of CADM1 during spermatogenesis differed among species and between rutting and non-rutting camel. Accordingly, this study emphasized the crucial role of CADM1 in the process of spermatogenesis and how it is related to sexual activity in both experimental and farm animals.
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Kamijo A, Saitoh Y, Sakamoto T, Kubota H, Yamauchi J, Terada N. Scaffold protein Lin7 family in membrane skeletal protein complex in mouse seminiferous tubules. Histochem Cell Biol 2019; 152:333-343. [PMID: 31410570 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The membrane skeletal complex, protein 4.1G-membrane palmitoylated protein 6 (MPP6), is localized in spermatogonia and early spermatocytes of mouse seminiferous tubules. In this study, we investigated the Lin7 family of scaffolding proteins, which interact with MPP6. By immunohistochemistry, Lin7a and Lin7c were localized in germ cells, and Lin7c had especially strong staining in spermatogonia and early spermatocytes, characterized by staging of seminiferous tubules. By immunoelectron microscopy, Lin7 localization appeared under cell membranes in germ cells. The Lin7 staining pattern in seminiferous tubules was partially similar to that of 4.1G, cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1), and melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM). Lin7-positive cells included type A spermatogonia, as revealed by double staining for Lin28a. Lin7 staining became weaker in MPP6-deficient mice by immunohistochemistry and western blotting, indicating that MPP6 transports and maintains Lin7 in germ cells. The histology of seminiferous tubules was unchanged in MPP6-deficient mice compared to that of wild-type mice. In cultured spermatogonial stem cells maintained with glial cell line-derived neurotropic factor (GDNF), Lin7 was clearly expressed and immunolocalized along cell membranes, especially at cell-cell junctions. Thus, Lin7 protein is expressed in germ cells, and Lin7, particularly Lin7c, is a useful marker for early spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Kamijo
- Health Science Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto City, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yurika Saitoh
- Health Science Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto City, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.,Center for Medical Education, Teikyo University of Science, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeharu Sakamoto
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kubota
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Terada
- Health Science Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto City, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.
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6
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Dynamic of VE-cadherin-mediated spermatid-Sertoli cell contacts in the mouse seminiferous epithelium. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:173-185. [PMID: 29797291 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Spermatids are haploid differentiating cells that, in the meantime they differentiate, translocate along the seminiferous epithelium towards the tubule lumen to be just released as spermatozoa. The success of such a migration depends on dynamic of spermatid-Sertoli cell contacts, the molecular nature of which has not been well defined yet. It was demonstrated that the vascular endothelial cadherin (VEC) is expressed transitorily in the mouse seminiferous epithelium. Here, we evaluated the pattern of VEC expression by immunohistochemistry first in seminiferous tubules at different stages of the epithelial cycle when only unique types of germ cell associations are present. Changes in the pattern of VEC localization according to the step of spermatid differentiation were analysed in detail using testis fragments and spontaneously released germ cells. Utilizing the first wave of spermatogenesis as an in vivo model to have at disposal spermatids at progressive steps of differentiation, we checked for level of looser VEC association with the membrane by performing protein solubilisation under mild detergent conditions and assays through VEC-immunoblotting. Being changes in VEC solubilisation paralleled in changes in phosphotyrosine (pY) content, we evaluated if spermatid VEC undergoes Y658 phosphorylation and if this correlates with VEC solubilisation and spermatid progression in differentiation. Altogether, our study shows a temporally restricted pattern of VEC expression that culminates with the presence of round spermatids to progressively decrease starting from spermatid elongation. Conversely, pY658-VEC signs elongating spermatids; its intracellular polarized compartmentalization suggests a possible involvement of pY658-VEC in the acquisition of spermatid cell polarity.
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Choobineh H, Kazemi M, Sadighi Gilani MA, Heydari T, Shokri S, Bazrafkan M, Hassanzadeh G. Testosterone Reduces Spinal Cord Injury-Induced Effects on Male Reproduction by Preventing CADM1 Defect. CELL JOURNAL 2018; 20:138-149. [PMID: 29633590 PMCID: PMC5893284 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.5003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study evaluated the effects of exogenous testosterone molecule-1 (CADM1) pathological defect during early
and chronic periods of spinal cord injury (SCI).
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, testosterone was administered immediately or after one week of SCI
induction. Along with quantification of CADM1 gene expression and its immunoreactivity, we evaluated sperm parameters and
serum testosterone level post-SCI.
Results Different grades of abnormalities in sperm parameters and testis architecture were observed along with
significant reductions in the level of CADM1 expression and its immunoreactivity in the seminiferous tubules of both
acute and chronic SCI groups. Exogenous testosterone, by compensating the serum testosterone level. reduced
the percentage of apoptotic and both short head and abnormal sperm froms in the caudal epididymis. Importantly,
the beneficial effects of immediate administration of testosterone were prominent. Increases in the level of CADM1
transcription and its immunoreactivity in the testis of SCI mice treated with testosterone were accompanied by
improvement of sperm motility as well as testicular Johnsen’s and Miller’s criteria.
Conclusion Since immediate testosterone treatment improved the immunoreactivity and transcription level of CADM1,
the observed beneficial effect of exogenouse testosterone can be attributed to its effect on CADM1 dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Choobineh
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Zeoonosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Kazemi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Tahereh Heydari
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Parand Branch, Iran
| | - Saeed Shokri
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mahshid Bazrafkan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronicaddress:
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8
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Piprek RP, Kolasa M, Podkowa D, Kloc M, Kubiak JZ. Cell adhesion molecules expression pattern indicates that somatic cells arbitrate gonadal sex of differentiating bipotential fetal mouse gonad. Mech Dev 2017; 147:17-27. [PMID: 28760667 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Unlike other organ anlagens, the primordial gonad is sexually bipotential in all animals. In mouse, the bipotential gonad differentiates into testis or ovary depending on the genetic sex (XY or XX) of the fetus. During gonad development cells segregate, depending on genetic sex, into distinct compartments: testis cords and interstitium form in XY gonad, and germ cell cysts and stroma in XX gonad. However, our knowledge of mechanisms governing gonadal sex differentiation remains very vague. Because it is known that adhesion molecules (CAMs) play a key role in organogenesis, we suspected that diversified expression of CAMs should also play a crucial role in gonad development. Using microarray analysis we identified 129 CAMs and factors regulating cell adhesion during sexual differentiation of mouse gonad. To identify genes expressed differentially in three cell lines in XY and XX gonads: i) supporting (Sertoli or follicular cells), ii) interstitial or stromal cells, and iii) germ cells, we used transgenic mice expressing EGFP reporter gene and FACS cell sorting. Although a large number of CAMs expressed ubiquitously, expression of certain genes was cell line- and genetic sex-specific. The sets of CAMs differentially expressed in supporting versus interstitial/stromal cells may be responsible for segregation of these two cell lines during gonadal development. There was also a significant difference in CAMs expression pattern between XY supporting (Sertoli) and XX supporting (follicular) cells but not between XY and XX germ cells. This indicates that differential CAMs expression pattern in the somatic cells but not in the germ line arbitrates structural organization of gonadal anlagen into testis or ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal P Piprek
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Michal Kolasa
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dagmara Podkowa
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; The Houston Methodist Hospital, Department of Surgery, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacek Z Kubiak
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, Cell Cycle Group, F-35043, France; Université Rennes 1, UEB, UMS Biosit, Faculty of Medicine, F-35043 Rennes, France; Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Iino T, Hagiyama M, Furuno T, Ito A, Hosokawa Y. Time-Course Statistical Evaluation of Intercellular Adhesion Maturation by Femtosecond Laser Impulse. Biophys J 2017; 111:2255-2262. [PMID: 27851947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The maturation of intercellular adhesion is an essential process for establishing the signal transduction network in living cells. Although the maturation is naturally considered to enhance the signal transduction, the relationship between the signal transduction and the maturation process has not been revealed in detail using time-course data. Here, using a coculture of mast cells and neurites, differences in maturation between individual cells were estimated as a function of the adhesion strength by our original single-cell measurement method utilizing a laser-induced impulsive force. When an intense femtosecond laser is focused into a culture medium under a microscope, shock and stress waves are generated at the laser focal point that exert an impulsive force on individual cells. In our method, this impulse is used to break the adhesion between a mast cell and a neurite. The magnitude of the impulse is then quantified by a local force-measurement system utilizing an atomic force microscope, and the adhesion strength is estimated from the threshold of the impulse required to break the adhesion. The measurement is conducted within 1 min/cell, and thus, data on the individual differences of the adhesion strength can be obtained within only a few hours. Coculturing of neurites and mast cells for 4 h resulted in a specific adhesion that was stronger than the nonspecific adhesions between the substrate and mast cells. In the time-course investigation, we identified two distinct temporal patterns of adhesion: 1) the strength at 24 h was the same as the initial strength; and 2) the strength increased threefold from baseline and became saturated within 24 h. Based on these results, the distribution of CADM1 adhesion molecules in the neurites was suggested to be inhomogeneous, and the relationship between adhesion maturation and the signal-transduction process was considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Iino
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan.
| | - Man Hagiyama
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Akihiko Ito
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan.
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10
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Komohara Y, Ma C, Yano H, Pan C, Horlad H, Saito Y, Ohnishi K, Fujiwara Y, Okuno Y, Nosaka K, Shimosaki S, Morishita K, Matsuoka M, Wakayama T, Takeya M. Cell adhesion molecule-1 (CADM1) expressed on adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma cells is not involved in the interaction with macrophages. J Clin Exp Hematop 2017; 57:15-20. [PMID: 28420814 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.17003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) is a cell adhesion molecule that is expressed in brain, liver, lung, testis, and some kinds of cancer cells including adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Recent studies have indicated the involvement of CADM1 in cell-cell contact between cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and virus infected cells. We previously reported that cell-cell interaction between lymphoma cells and macrophages induces lymphoma cell proliferation. In the present study, we investigated whether CADM1 is associated with cell-cell interaction between several human lymphoma cell lines and macrophages.CADM1 expression was observed in the ATLL cell lines, ATN-1, ATL-T, and ATL-35T, and in the B cell lymphoma cell lines, TL-1, DAUDI, and SLVL, using western blotting. Significant cell-cell interaction between macrophages and ATN-1, ATL-T, ATL-35T and MT-2, DAUDI, and SLVL cells, as assessed by induction of cell proliferation, was observed. Immunohistochemical analysis of human biopsy samples indicated CADM1 expression in 10 of 14 ATLL cases; however, no case of follicular lymphoma or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was positive for CADM1. Finally, the interaction of macrophages with cells of the CADM1-negative ED ATLL cell line and CADM1-transfected ED cells was tested. However, significant cell-cell interaction between macrophage and CADM1-transfected ED cells was not observed. We conclude that CADM1 was not associated with cell-cell interaction between lymphoma cells and macrophages, although CADM1 may be a useful marker of ATLL for diagnostic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Chaoya Ma
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Hiromu Yano
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Cheng Pan
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Hasita Horlad
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Yoichi Saito
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Koji Ohnishi
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Yutaka Okuno
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Kisato Nosaka
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Shunsuke Shimosaki
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki
| | - Kazuhiro Morishita
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University.,Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University
| | - Tomohiko Wakayama
- Department of Histology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Motohiro Takeya
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
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11
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Nectins and nectin-like molecules (Necls): Recent findings and their role and regulation in spermatogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 59:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Prisco AR, Hoffmann BR, Kaczorowski CC, McDermott-Roe C, Stodola TJ, Exner EC, Greene AS. Tumor Necrosis Factor α Regulates Endothelial Progenitor Cell Migration via CADM1 and NF-kB. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1922-33. [PMID: 26867147 PMCID: PMC4931961 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Shortly after the discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in 1997, many clinical trials were conducted using EPCs as a cellular based therapy with the goal of restoring damaged organ function by inducing growth of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). Results were disappointing, largely because the cellular and molecular mechanisms of EPC-induced angiogenesis were not clearly understood. Following injection, EPCs must migrate to the target tissue and engraft prior to induction of angiogenesis. In this study EPC migration was investigated in response to tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, to test the hypothesis that organ damage observed in ischemic diseases induces an inflammatory signal that is important for EPC homing. In this study, EPC migration and incorporation were modeled in vitro using a coculture assay where TNFα treated EPCs were tracked while migrating toward vessel-like structures. It was found that TNFα treatment of EPCs increased migration and incorporation into vessel-like structures. Using a combination of genomic and proteomic approaches, NF-kB mediated upregulation of CADM1 was identified as a mechanism of TNFα induced migration. Inhibition of NF-kB or CADM1 significantly decreased migration of EPCs in vitro suggesting a role for TNFα signaling in EPC homing during tissue repair. Stem Cells 2016;34:1922-1933.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R. Prisco
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Physiology, Milwaukee, WI
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Brian R. Hoffmann
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Milwaukee, WI
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Catherine C. Kaczorowski
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Memphis, TN
| | - Chris McDermott-Roe
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Physiology, Milwaukee, WI
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Timothy J. Stodola
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Physiology, Milwaukee, WI
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Eric C. Exner
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Physiology, Milwaukee, WI
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Andrew S. Greene
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Physiology, Milwaukee, WI
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Milwaukee, WI
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13
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Prostaglandin Transporter (PGT/SLCO2A1) Protects the Lung from Bleomycin-Induced Fibrosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123895. [PMID: 25923111 PMCID: PMC4414486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) E2 exhibits an anti-fibrotic effect in the lung in response to inflammatory reactions and is a high-affinity substrate of PG transporter (SLCO2A1). The present study aimed to evaluate the pathophysiological relevance of SLCO2A1 to bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that Slco2a1 protein was expressed in airway and alveolar type I (ATI) and II (ATII) epithelial cells, and electron-microscopic immunohistochemistry further demonstrated cell surface expression of Slco2a1 in ATI cells in wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice. PGE2 uptake activity was abrogated in ATI-like cells from Slco2a1-deficient (Slco2a1-/-) mice, which was clearly observed in the cells from WT mice. Furthermore, the PGE2 concentrations in lung tissues were lower in Slco2a1-/- than in WT mice. The pathological relevance of SLCO2A1 was further studied in mouse BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis models. BLM (1 mg/kg) or vehicle (phosphate buffered saline) was intratracheally injected into WT and Slco2a1-/- mice, and BLM-induced fibrosis was evaluated on day 14. BLM induced more severe fibrosis in Slco2a1-/- than in WT mice, as indicated by thickened interstitial connective tissue and enhanced collagen deposition. PGE2 levels were higher in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, but lower in lung tissues of Slco2a1-/- mice. Transcriptional upregulation of TGF-β1 was associated with enhanced gene transcriptions of downstream targets including plasminogen activator inhitor-1. Furthermore, Western blot analysis demonstrated a significant activation of protein kinase C (PKC) δ along with a modest activation of Smad3 in lung from Slco2a1-/- mice, suggesting a role of PKCδ associated with TGF-β signaling in aggravated fibrosis in BLM-treated Slco2a1-/- mice. In conclusion, pulmonary PGE2 disposition is largely regulated by SLCO2A1, demonstrating that SLCO2A1 plays a critical role in protecting the lung from BLM-induced fibrosis.
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Mandai K, Rikitake Y, Mori M, Takai Y. Nectins and nectin-like molecules in development and disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2015; 112:197-231. [PMID: 25733141 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Nectins and nectin-like molecules (Necls)/Cadms are Ca(2+)-independent immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecules, expressed in most cell types. Nectins mediate not only homotypic but also heterotypic cell-cell adhesion, in contrast to classic cadherins which participate only in homophilic adhesion. Nectins and Necls function in organogenesis of the eye, inner ear, tooth, and cerebral cortex and in a variety of developmental processes including spermatogenesis, axon guidance, synapse formation, and myelination. They are also involved in various diseases, such as viral infection, hereditary ectodermal dysplasia, Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum disorder, and cancer. Thus, nectins and Necls are crucial for both physiology and pathology. This review summarizes recent advances in research on these cell adhesion molecules in development and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Mandai
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Rikitake
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kobe, Japan; Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mori
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kobe, Japan; Division of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Faculty of Health Sciences, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Takai
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kobe, Japan.
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15
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Wakayama T, Nakata H, Kumchantuek T, Gewaily MS, Iseki S. Identification of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-labeled cells during mouse spermatogenesis by heat-induced antigen retrieval in lectin staining and immunohistochemistry. J Histochem Cytochem 2014; 63:190-205. [PMID: 25479790 DOI: 10.1369/0022155414564870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA replication occurs during S-phase in spermatogonia and preleptotene spermatocytes during spermatogenesis. 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) is incorporated into synthesized DNA and is detectable in the nucleus by immunohistochemistry (IHC). To identify BrdU-labeled spermatogenic cells, the spermatogenic stages must be determined by visualizing acrosomes and detecting cell type-specific marker molecules in the seminiferous tubules. However, the antibody reaction with BrdU routinely requires denaturation of the DNA, which is achieved by pretreating tissue sections with hydrochloric acid; however, this commonly interferes with further histochemical approaches. Therefore, we examined optimal methods for pretreating paraffin sections of the mouse testis to detect incorporated BrdU by an antibody and, at the same time, visualize acrosomes with peanut agglutinin (PNA) or detect several marker molecules with antibodies. We found that the use of heat-induced antigen retrieval (HIAR), which consisted of heating at 95C in 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 9.0) for 15 min, was superior to the use of 2 N hydrochloric acid for 90 min at room temperature in terms of the quality of subsequent PNA-lectin histochemistry with double IHC for BrdU and an appropriate stage marker protein. With this method, we identified BrdU-labeled spermatogenic cells during mouse spermatogenesis as A1 spermatogonia through to preleptotene spermatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Wakayama
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan (TW, HN, TK, SI)
| | - Hiroki Nakata
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan (TW, HN, TK, SI)
| | - Tewarat Kumchantuek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan (TW, HN, TK, SI)
| | - Mahmoud Saad Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt (MSG)
| | - Shoichi Iseki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan (TW, HN, TK, SI)
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Nakamura M, Inoh Y, Nakanishi M, Furuno T. Substance P plays an important role in cell adhesion molecule 1-mediated nerve–pancreatic islet α cell interaction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 438:563-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) regulates cell junction restructuring via Smad-mediated repression and clathrin-mediated endocytosis of nectin-like molecule 2 (Necl-2). PLoS One 2013; 8:e64316. [PMID: 23741316 PMCID: PMC3669379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nectin-like molecule-2 (Necl-2), a junction molecule, is exclusively expressed by spermatogenic cells. It mediates homophilic interaction between germ cells and heterophilic interaction between Sertoli and germ cells. Knockout studies have shown that loss of Necl-2 causes male infertility, suggesting Necl-2-based cell adhesion is crucial for spermatogenesis. Transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs) are crucial for regulating cell junction restructuring that are required for spermatogenesis. In the present study, we aim to investigate the mechanism on how TGF-β1 regulates Necl-2 expression to achieve timely junction restructuring in the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis. We have demonstrated that TGF-β1 reduces Necl-2 mRNA and protein levels at both transcriptional and post-translational levels. Using inhibitor and clathrin shRNA, we have revealed that TGF-β1 induces Necl-2 protein degradation via clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Endocytosis assays further confirmed that TGF-β1 accelerates the internalization of Necl-2 protein to cytosol. Immunofluorescence staining also revealed that TGF-β1 effectively removes Necl-2 from cell-cell interface. In addition, TGF-β1 reduces Necl-2 mRNA via down-regulating Necl-2 promoter activity. Mutational studies coupled with knockdown experiments have shown that TGF-β1-induced Necl-2 repression requires activation of Smad proteins. EMSA and ChIP assays further confirmed that TGF-β1 promotes the binding of Smad proteins onto MyoD and CCAATa motifs in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, TGF-β1 is a potent cytokine that provides an effective mechanism in controlling Necl-2 expression in the testis via Smad-dependent gene repression and clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
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Nakanishi T, Hasegawa Y, Haruta T, Wakayama T, Tamai I. In vivo evidence of organic cation transporter-mediated tracheal accumulation of the anticholinergic agent ipratropium in mice. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:3373-81. [PMID: 23686692 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ipratropium bromide (IPR) is an anticholinergic used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and is a substrate of organic cation transporters. The present study aimed to assess the contribution of organic cation transporters to tracheobronchial absorption of IPR in vivo by directly injecting [(3) H]IPR into the tracheal lumen of mice and measuring its accumulation in tracheal tissue. RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis showed that Octn1, Octn2, and Oct2 were localized at epithelial cells in the respiratory tract. Electron-microscopic immunohistochemistry indicated that Octn1 and Octn2 were localized at the apical portions of ciliated epithelial cells of trachea. In vitro uptake studies in HEK293 cells expressing these transporters demonstrated that IPR is a preferred substrate of Octn2. Inhibition of mouse tracheal accumulation of [(3) H]IPR by carnitine was concentration-dependent, reaching a maximum of 42% at 1 mM, whereas inhibition by 0.1 mM MPP(+) amounted to 62%. Tracheal accumulation of [(3) H]IPR was unchanged when mice were simultaneously injected with Octn1 substrate ergothioneine and organic anion transporter substrate estrone sulfate. These results suggest that Octn2 is involved in membrane permeation of IPR in the respiratory tract in vivo. Targeting organic cation transporters may be an effective strategy for delivery of cationic anti-COPD drugs to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Nakanishi
- Department of Membrane Transport and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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19
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Furuno T, Hagiyama M, Sekimura M, Okamoto K, Suzuki R, Ito A, Hirashima N, Nakanishi M. Cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) on mast cells promotes interaction with dorsal root ganglion neurites by heterophilic binding to nectin-3. J Neuroimmunol 2012; 250:50-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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20
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Nakata H, Wakayama T, Adthapanyawanich K, Nishiuchi T, Murakami Y, Takai Y, Iseki S. Compensatory upregulation of myelin protein zero-like 2 expression in spermatogenic cells in cell adhesion molecule-1-deficient mice. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2012; 45:47-56. [PMID: 22489104 PMCID: PMC3317495 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.11057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell adhesion molecule-1 (Cadm1) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. In the mouse testis, Cadm1 is expressed in the earlier spermatogenic cells up to early pachytene spermatocytes and also in elongated spermatids, but not in Sertoli cells. Cadm1-deficient mice have male infertility due to defective spermatogenesis, in which detachment of spermatids is prominent while spermatocytes appear intact. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the impaired spermatogenesis caused by Cadm1 deficiency, we performed DNA microarray analysis of global gene expression in the testis compared between Cadm1-deficient and wild-type mice. Out of the 25 genes upregulated in Cadm1-deficient mice, we took a special interest in myelin protein zero-like 2 (Mpzl2), another cell adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The levels of Mpzl2 mRNA increased by 20-fold and those of Mpzl2 protein increased by 2-fold in the testis of Cadm1-deficient mice, as analyzed with quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that Mpzl2 mRNA and protein are localized in the earlier spermatogenic cells but not in elongated spermatids or Sertoli cells, in both wild-type and Cadm1-deficient mice. These results suggested that Mpzl2 can compensate for the deficiency of Cadm1 in the earlier spermatogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nakata
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Tomohiko Wakayama
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | | | - Takumi Nishiuchi
- Division of Functional Genomics, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yoshimi Takai
- The Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shoichi Iseki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
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21
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Ito A, Ichiyanagi N, Ikeda Y, Hagiyama M, Inoue T, Kimura KB, Sakurai MA, Hamaguchi K, Murakami Y. Adhesion molecule CADM1 contributes to gap junctional communication among pancreatic islet α-cells and prevents their excessive secretion of glucagon. Islets 2012; 4:49-55. [PMID: 22513384 DOI: 10.4161/isl.18675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecule-1 (CADM1) is a recently identified adhesion molecule of pancreatic islet α-cells that mediates nerve-α-cell interactions via trans-homophilic binding and serves anatomical units for the autonomic control of glucagon secretion. CADM1 also mediates attachment between adjacent α-cells. Since gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) among islet cells is essential for islet hormone secretion, we examined whether CADM1 promotes GJIC among α-cells and subsequently participates in glucagon secretion regulation. Dye transfer assays using αTC6 mouse α-cells, which endogenously express CADM1, supported this possibility; efficient cell-to-cell spread of gap junction-permeable dye was detected in clusters of αTC6 cells transfected with nonspecific, but not with CADM1-targeting, siRNA. Immunocytochemical analysis of connexin 36, a major component of the gap junction among αTC6 cells, revealed that it was localized exclusively to the cell membrane in CADM1-non-targeted αTC6 cells, but diffusely to the cytoplasm in CADM1-targeted cells. Next, we incubated CADM1-targeted and non-targeted αTC6 cells in a medium containing 1 mM glucose and 200 mM arginine for 30 min to induce glucagon secretion, and found that the targeted cells secreted three times more glucagon than did the non-targeted. We conducted similar experiments using pancreatic islets that were freshly isolated from wild-type and CADM1-knockout mice, and expressed glucagon secretion as ratios relative to baseline values. The increase in ratio was larger in CADM1-knockout islets than in wild-type islets. These results suggest that CADM1 may serve as a volume limiter of glucagon secretion by sustaining α-cell attachment necessary for efficient GJIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Ito
- Division of Molecular Pathology; Institute of Medical Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathology; Faculty of Medicine; Kinki University; Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Ichiyanagi
- Division of Molecular Pathology; Institute of Medical Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ikeda
- Division of Molecular Pathology; Institute of Medical Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Man Hagiyama
- Division of Molecular Pathology; Institute of Medical Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathology; Faculty of Medicine; Kinki University; Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Inoue
- Department of Pathology; Faculty of Medicine; Kinki University; Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiko B Kimura
- Division of Molecular Pathology; Institute of Medical Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minami A Sakurai
- Department of Pathology; Faculty of Medicine; Kinki University; Osaka, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics; Research Institute for Microbial Diseases; Osaka University; Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Hamaguchi
- Department of Community Health and Gerontological Nursing; Faculty of Medicine; Oita University; Oita, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology; Institute of Medical Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Nagara Y, Hagiyama M, Hatano N, Futai E, Suo S, Takaoka Y, Murakami Y, Ito A, Ishiura S. Tumor suppressor cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) is cleaved by a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) and subsequently cleaved by γ-secretase complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 417:462-7. [PMID: 22172944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.11.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in various tissues. CADM1 is a cell adhesion molecule with many functions, including roles in tumor suppression, apoptosis, mast cell survival, synapse formation, and spermatogenesis. CADM1 undergoes membrane-proximal cleavage called shedding, but the sheddase and mechanisms of CADM1 proteolysis have not been reported. We determined the cleavage site involved in CADM1 shedding by LC/MS/MS and showed that CADM1 shedding occurred in the membrane fraction and was inhibited by tumor necrosis factor-α protease inhibitor-1 (TAPI-1). An siRNA experiment revealed that ADAM10 mediates endogenous CADM1 shedding. In addition, the membrane-bound fragment generated by shedding was further cleaved by γ-secretase and generated CADM1-intracellular domain (ICD) in a mechanism called regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). These results clarify the detailed mechanism of membrane-proximal cleavage of CADM1, suggesting the possibility of RIP-mediated CADM1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nagara
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Lack of protein 4.1G causes altered expression and localization of the cell adhesion molecule nectin-like 4 in testis and can cause male infertility. Mol Cell Biol 2011; 31:2276-86. [PMID: 21482674 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01105-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein 4.1G is a member of the protein 4.1 family, which in general serves as adaptors linking transmembrane proteins to the cytoskeleton. 4.1G is thought to be widely expressed in many cells and tissues, but its function remains largely unknown. To explore the function of 4.1G in vivo, we generated 4.1G(-/-) mice and bred the mice in two backgrounds: C57BL/6 (B6) and 129/Sv (129) hybrids (B6-129) and inbred B6. Although the B6 4.1G(-/-) mice showed no obvious abnormalities, deficiency of 4.1G in B6-129 hybrids was associated with male infertility. Histological examinations of these 4.1G(-/-) mice revealed atrophy, impaired cell-cell contact and sloughing off of spermatogenic cells in seminiferous epithelium, and lack of mature spermatids in the epididymis. Ultrastructural examination revealed enlarged intercellular spaces between spermatogenic and Sertoli cells as well as the spermatid deformities. At the molecular level, 4.1G is associated with the nectin-like 4 (NECL4) adhesion molecule. Importantly, the expression of NECL4 was decreased, and the localization of NECL4 was altered in 4.1G(-/-) testis. Thus, our findings imply that 4.1G plays a role in spermatogenesis by mediating cell-cell adhesion between spermatogenic and Sertoli cells through its interaction with NECL4 on Sertoli cells. Additionally, the finding that infertility is present in B6-129 but not on the B6 background suggests the presence of a major modifier gene(s) that influences 4.1G function and is associated with male infertility.
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Maekawa M, Ito C, Toyama Y, Suzuki-Toyota F, Fujita E, Momoi T, Toshimori K. Localisation of RA175 (Cadm1), a cell adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily, in the mouse testis, and analysis of male infertility in the RA175-deficient mouse. Andrologia 2011; 43:180-8. [PMID: 21486398 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2010.01049.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
RA175, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, plays an important role in cell adhesion, and RA175 gene-deficient mice (RA175(-/-) ) show oligoastheno-teratozoospermia. To understand the function of RA175, location in the testis and the morphological features of its spermatogenic cells in RA175(-/-) mice were investigated. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that RA175 immunoreactivity was observed on the cell surface of the spermatogenic cells at specific stages. A strong reaction was detected from type A spermatogonia to pachytene spermatocytes at stage IV and from step 6 to step 16 spermatids during spermatogenesis. From pachytene spermatocytes at stage VI to step 4 spermatids, the reaction was not detected by the enzyme-labelled antibody method and was faintly detected by the indirect immunofluorescence method. Abnormal vacuoles in the seminiferous epithelium, showing exfoliation of germ cells, and ultrastructural abnormality of the elongate spermatids were revealed in the RA175(-/-) testes. Other members of the immunoglobulin superfamily such as basigin, nectin-2 and nectin-3, which have an important role in spermatogenesis, were immunohistochemically detected in the RA175(-/-) testis. These observations indicate a unique expression pattern of RA175 in the testis and provide clues regarding the mechanism of male infertility in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maekawa
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan.
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25
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Hermo L, Pelletier RM, Cyr DG, Smith CE. Surfing the wave, cycle, life history, and genes/proteins expressed by testicular germ cells. Part 5: intercellular junctions and contacts between germs cells and Sertoli cells and their regulatory interactions, testicular cholesterol, and genes/proteins associated with more than one germ cell generation. Microsc Res Tech 2010; 73:409-94. [PMID: 19941291 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the testis, cell adhesion and junctional molecules permit specific interactions and intracellular communication between germ and Sertoli cells and apposed Sertoli cells. Among the many adhesion family of proteins, NCAM, nectin and nectin-like, catenins, and cadherens will be discussed, along with gap junctions between germ and Sertoli cells and the many members of the connexin family. The blood-testis barrier separates the haploid spermatids from blood borne elements. In the barrier, the intercellular junctions consist of many proteins such as occludin, tricellulin, and claudins. Changes in the expression of cell adhesion molecules are also an essential part of the mechanism that allows germ cells to move from the basal compartment of the seminiferous tubule to the adluminal compartment thus crossing the blood-testis barrier and well-defined proteins have been shown to assist in this process. Several structural components show interactions between germ cells to Sertoli cells such as the ectoplasmic specialization which are more closely related to Sertoli cells and tubulobulbar complexes that are processes of elongating spermatids embedded into Sertoli cells. Germ cells also modify several Sertoli functions and this also appears to be the case for residual bodies. Cholesterol plays a significant role during spermatogenesis and is essential for germ cell development. Lastly, we list genes/proteins that are expressed not only in any one specific generation of germ cells but across more than one generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Hermo
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B2.
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26
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Terada N, Ohno N, Saitoh S, Saitoh Y, Komada M, Kubota H, Ohno S. Involvement of a membrane skeletal protein, 4.1G, for Sertoli/germ cell interaction. Reproduction 2010; 139:883-92. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-10-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that a membrane skeletal protein, 4.1G (also known as EPB41L2), is immunolocalized in mouse seminiferous tubules. In this study, the 4.1G immunolocalizaiton was precisely evaluated at various stages of the mouse seminiferous epithelial cycle with ‘in vivocryotechnique’ and also with pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopy in testicular tissues whose ultrastructures were well preserved with glycerol treatment before cryosectioning. In addition, 4.1G-deficient mice were produced, and the morphology of their seminiferous tubules was also evaluated. The 4.1G immunolocalization was different among stages, indicating that it was not only along cell membranes of Sertoli cells, but also those of spermatogonia and early spermatocytes. To confirm the 4.1G immunolocalization in germ cells,in vitroculture of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) was used for immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting analysis. In the cultured SSCs, 4.1G was clearly expressed and immunolocalized along cell membranes, especially at mutual attaching regions. In testicular tissues, cell adhesion molecule-1 (CADM1), an intramembranous adhesion molecule, was colocalized on basal parts of the seminiferous tubules and immunoprecipitated with 4.1G in the tissue lysate. Interestingly, in the 4.1G-deficient mice, histological manifestation of the seminiferous tubules was not different from that in wild-type mice, and the CADM1 was also immunolocalized in the same pattern as that in the wild-type. Moreover, the 4.1G-deficient male mice were fertile. These results were probably due to functional redundancy of unknown membrane skeletal molecules in germ cells. Thus, a novel membrane skeletal protein, 4.1G, was found in germ cells, and considering its interaction with CADM family, it probably has roles in attachment of both Sertoli–germ and germ–germ cells.
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27
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Masuda M, Maruyama T, Ohta T, Ito A, Hayashi T, Tsukasaki K, Kamihira S, Yamaoka S, Hoshino H, Yoshida T, Watanabe T, Stanbridge EJ, Murakami Y. CADM1 interacts with Tiam1 and promotes invasive phenotype of human T-cell leukemia virus type I-transformed cells and adult T-cell leukemia cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:15511-15522. [PMID: 20215110 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.076653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CADM1 encodes a multifunctional immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule whose cytoplasmic domain contains a type II PSD95/Dlg/ZO-1 (PDZ)-binding motif (BM) for associating with other intracellular proteins. Although CADM1 lacks expression in T lymphocytes of healthy individuals, it is overexpressed in adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) cells. It has been suggested that the expression of CADM1 protein promotes infiltration of leukemic cells into various organs and tissues, which is one of the frequent clinical manifestations of ATL. Amino acid sequence alignment revealed that Tiam1 (T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1), a Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, has a type II PDZ domain similar to those of membrane-associated guanylate kinase homologs (MAGUKs) that are known to bind to the PDZ-BM of CADM1. In this study, we demonstrated that the cytoplasmic domain of CADM1 directly interacted with the PDZ domain of Tiam1 and induced formation of lamellipodia through Rac activation in HTLV-I-transformed cell lines as well as ATL cell lines. Our results indicate that Tiam1 integrates signals from CADM1 to regulate the actin cytoskeleton through Rac activation, which may lead to tissue infiltration of leukemic cells in ATL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Masuda
- Genetics Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Tumor Suppression and Functional Genomics Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Maruyama
- Tumor Suppression and Functional Genomics Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ohta
- Genetics Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tomayoshi Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Tsukasaki
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Hematology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Shimeru Kamihira
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Shoji Yamaoka
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroo Hoshino
- Department of Virology and Preventive Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Yoshida
- Genetics Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Toshiki Watanabe
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Eric J Stanbridge
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Tumor Suppression and Functional Genomics Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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Hagiyama M, Ichiyanagi N, Kimura KB, Murakami Y, Ito A. Expression of a soluble isoform of cell adhesion molecule 1 in the brain and its involvement in directional neurite outgrowth. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 174:2278-89. [PMID: 19435791 PMCID: PMC2684192 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1), an immunoglobulin superfamily member, is expressed on superior cervical ganglion neurites and mediates cell-cell adhesion by trans-homophilic binding. In addition to the membrane-bound form, we have previously shown that a soluble form (sCADM1) generated by alternative splicing possesses a stop codon immediately downstream of the immunoglobulin-like domain. Here, we demonstrate the presence of sCADM1 in vivo and its possible role in neurite extension. sCADM1 appears to be a stromal protein because extracellular-restricted, but not intracellular-restricted, anti-CADM1 antibody stained stromal protein-rich extract from mouse brains. Murine plasmacytoma cells, P3U1, were modified to secrete sCADM1 fused with either immunoglobulin (Ig)G Fc portion (sCADM1-Fc) or its deletion form that lacks the immunoglobulin-like domain (DeltasCADM1-Fc). When P3U1 derivatives expressing sCADM1-Fc or DeltasCADM1-Fc were implanted into collagen gels, Fc-fused proteins were present more abundantly around the cells. Superior cervical ganglion neurons, parental P3U1, and either derivative were implanted into collagen gels separately, and co-cultured for 4 days. Bodian staining of the gel sections revealed that most superior cervical ganglion neurites turned toward the source of sCADM1-Fc, but not DeltasCADM1-Fc. Furthermore, immunofluorescence signals for sCADM1-Fc and membrane-bound CADM1 were co-localized on the neurite surface. These results show that sCADM1 appears to be involved in directional neurite extension by serving as an anchor to which membrane-bound CADM1 on the neurites can bind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Hagiyama
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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Role of the spermatogenic-Sertoli cell interaction through cell adhesion molecule-1 (CADM1) in spermatogenesis. Anat Sci Int 2009; 84:112-21. [PMID: 19337787 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-009-0034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine and local secretory factors have long been known to be required for spermatogenesis. Evidence has been accumulating in recent years indicating that direct contact between spermatogenic and Sertoli cells is also required for spermatogenesis. Cell adhesion molecules of various types have been found in the mammalian testis that are expressed in spermatogenic and/or Sertoli cells and involved in homophilic and/or heterophilic binding. We have cloned a novel cell adhesion molecule, cell adhesion molecule-1 (CADM1), also known as immunoglobulin superfamily 4A or spermatogenic immunoglobulin superfamily, from the mouse testis. CADM1 belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is composed of three immunoglobulin-like domains, a transmembrane domain, and a short intracellular domain. In the seminiferous epithelium, CADM1 is expressed in intermediate spermatogonia through to early pachytene spermatocytes as well as in elongating spermatids--but not in round spermatids, mature spermatozoa, or Sertoli cells. One of the heterophilic binding partners of CADM1 has proven to be a poliovirus receptor, another member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is expressed in Sertoli cells. Knockout mice for CADM1 develop male infertility due to defective spermatogenesis. These findings suggest that cell adhesion molecules between spermatogenic and Sertoli cells play essential roles in spermatogenesis.
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Wakayama T, Nakata H, Kurobo M, Sai Y, Iseki S. Expression, localization, and binding activity of the ezrin/radixin/moesin proteins in the mouse testis. J Histochem Cytochem 2008; 57:351-62. [PMID: 19064715 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2008.952440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) proteins represent a family of adaptor proteins linking transmembrane proteins to the cytoskeleton. The seminiferous epithelium undergoes extensive changes in cellular composition, location, and shape, implicating roles of the membrane-cytoskeleton interaction. It remains unknown, however, whether the ERM proteins are expressed and play significant roles in the testis. In the present study, we examined the spatiotemporal expression of ERM proteins in the mouse testis by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Ezrin immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the cytoplasm of steps 15 and 16 spermatids from 5 weeks postpartum through adulthood, whereas radixin immunoreactivity was in the apical cytoplasm of Sertoli cells from 1 week through 2 weeks postpartum. No immunoreactivity for moesin was detected at any age. Immunoprecipitation demonstrated that ezrin was bound to the cytoskeletal component actin, whereas radixin was bound to both actin and tubulin. Of the transmembrane proteins known to interact with ERM proteins, only cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, a chloride transporter, was bound to ezrin in elongated spermatids. These results suggest that ezrin is involved in spermiogenesis whereas radixin is involved in the maturation of Sertoli cells, through interaction with different sets of membrane proteins and cytoskeletal components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Wakayama
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan.
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Ito A, Hagiyama M, Oonuma J. Nerve-mast cell and smooth muscle-mast cell interaction mediated by cell adhesion molecule-1, CADM1. J Smooth Muscle Res 2008; 44:83-93. [PMID: 18552455 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.44.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are a native composer of connective tissue of the skin dermis and intestinal and respiratory mucosa. Independent lines of accumulated evidence indicate the existence of an intensive bidirectional crosstalk between mast cells and sensory nerves and suggest that mast cells and sensory nerves may be viewed as a functional unit, which could be of crucial importance in neuroimmunological pathways. Mast cells appear to have a property of influencing smooth muscle function via not only such nerve-mast cell effects, but also direct pathways. In bronchial asthma, mast cells infiltrate the airway smooth muscle layer, and interact directly with smooth muscle cells, suggesting pathogenic roles for mast cells in airway obstruction. Current studies on mast cell biology identified a novel adhesion molecule of mast cells, namely cell adhesion molecule-1, CADM1. This molecule is unique, because it serves as not only simple glue but also appears to promote functional communication between nerve and mast cells and between smooth muscle and mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Ito
- Division of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kusunoki-cho 7-5-1, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
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Pietri T, Easley-Neal C, Wilson C, Washbourne P. Six cadm/SynCAM genes are expressed in the nervous system of developing zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2008; 237:233-46. [PMID: 18095341 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cadm (cell adhesion molecule) family of cell adhesion molecules (also known as IGSF4, SynCAM, Necl and TSLC) has been implicated in a multitude of physiological and pathological processes, such as spermatogenesis, synapse formation and lung cancer. The precise mechanisms by which these adhesion molecules mediate these diverse functions remain unknown. To investigate mechanisms of action of these molecules during development, we have identified zebrafish orthologs of Cadm family members and have examined their expression patterns during development and in the adult. Zebrafish possess six cadm genes. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis suggest that four of the zebrafish cadm genes represent duplicates of two tetrapod Cadm genes, whereas the other two cadm genes are single orthologs of tetrapod Cadm genes. All six zebrafish cadms are expressed throughout the nervous system both during development and in the adult. The spatial and temporal patterns of expression suggest multiple roles for Cadms during nervous system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pietri
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
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Mruk DD, Silvestrini B, Cheng CY. Anchoring junctions as drug targets: role in contraceptive development. Pharmacol Rev 2008; 60:146-80. [PMID: 18483144 DOI: 10.1124/pr.107.07105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, cell-cell interactions are mediated in part by cell junctions, which underlie tissue architecture. Throughout spermatogenesis, for instance, preleptotene leptotene spermatocytes residing in the basal compartment of the seminiferous epithelium must traverse the blood-testis barrier to enter the adluminal compartment for continued development. At the same time, germ cells must also remain attached to Sertoli cells, and numerous studies have reported extensive restructuring at the Sertoli-Sertoli and Sertoli-germ cell interface during germ cell movement across the seminiferous epithelium. Furthermore, the proteins and signaling cascades that regulate adhesion between testicular cells have been largely delineated. These findings have unveiled a number of potential "druggable" targets that can be used to induce premature release of germ cells from the seminiferous epithelium, resulting in transient infertility. Herein, we discuss a novel approach with the aim of developing a nonhormonal male contraceptive for future human use, one that involves perturbing adhesion between Sertoli and germ cells in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores D Mruk
- Population Council, Center for Biomedical Research, The Mary M Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Koma YI, Furuno T, Hagiyama M, Hamaguchi K, Nakanishi M, Masuda M, Hirota S, Yokozaki H, Ito A. Cell adhesion molecule 1 is a novel pancreatic-islet cell adhesion molecule that mediates nerve-islet cell interactions. Gastroenterology 2008; 134:1544-54. [PMID: 18471525 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2007] [Revised: 12/29/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1), mediates nerve-mast cell attachment and communication through homophilic binding. An immunohistochemical screen showed that CADM1 is expressed in pancreatic islets. Here, we determined the cell types expressing CADM1 and examined its role in nerve-islet cell interactions. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and double-staining immunofluorescence were performed on murine and human pancreases and on islet cell tumors (ICTs). alphaTC6 cells, a murine alpha cell line, were cultured on neurite networks of superior cervical ganglia. Neurite-alphaTC6 cell attachment and communication were examined after nerves were activated specifically by scorpion venom. RESULTS CADM1 was expressed on the plasma membrane in all 4 major types of islet cells, alpha, beta, D, and pancreatic polypeptide in human beings, but primarily in alpha cells in mice. In cocultures, alphaTC6 cell to neurite attachment was inhibited dose-dependently by an anti-CADM1 function-blocking antibody. In response to scorpion venom-evoked nerve activation, 36% of the alphaTC6 cells mobilized Ca(2+), and introduction of a CADM1-targeting small interfering RNA reduced the fraction of responding cells to 7%. In 21 human ICTs, CADM1 was present in the plasma membrane of 7, and the others were negative for CADM1. Six of the CADM1-expressing tumors were functional hormonally, whereas all but 2 of the CADM1-negative tumors were nonfunctional (P = .0032). CONCLUSIONS CADM1 is a novel islet cell adhesion molecule mediating nerve-islet cell interactions. The strong correlation between CADM1 expression and hormonally functional phenotypes suggests that CADM1 is involved in hormone secretion from ICTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ichiro Koma
- Division of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Ito A, Hagiyama M, Mimura T, Matsumoto M, Wakayama T, Iseki S, Yokozaki H, Okada M. Expression of cell adhesion molecule 1 in malignant pleural mesothelioma as a cause of efficient adhesion and growth on mesothelium. J Transl Med 2008; 88:504-14. [PMID: 18332875 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2008.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1), formerly referred to as SgIGSF, TSLC1, or Necl-2, has been characterized as a mast-cell adhesion molecule that mediates efficient interactions with mesothelial cells. Here, we examined whether CADM1 might be involved in the diffuse tumor growth over the pleural surface that characterizes malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Immunohistochemical and western blot analyses revealed that 14 (25%) of 57 MPMs expressed the full-length form of CADM1 on the cell membrane, but non-neoplastic mesothelial cells did not express it at all. The majority of available MPM cell lines also expressed the full-length form of CADM1. We compared CADM1-positive and -negative MPM cells in culture within soft agar and in coculture on mesothelial or fibroblastic monolayers. Within soft agar, CADM1-negative MPM cells were capable of forming colonies, whereas CADM1-positive cells were not, suggesting that CADM1 is a potential tumor suppressor of MPM, consistent with the past characterization of this molecule in other types of tumors. However, in coculture on mesothelial cell monolayers lacking full-length CADM1, CADM1-positive MPM cells spread more widely and grew more quickly, whereas the CADM1-negative cells piled up. Transfection of the CADM1-negative cells with CADM1 cDNA caused them to behave like the CADM1-positive cells, with faster, more widespread growth. These phenotypic differences were not detectable in cocultures on lung fibroblastic monolayers, in which all MPM cells grew much more slowly than on mesothelial cells, irrespective of CADM1 positivity. CADM1 thus appears to mediate efficient adhesion and growth of MPM cells specifically on mesothelial cells, probably via trans-heterophilic binding, and thus may be involved in the manifestation of a considerable subset of MPMs as diffusely growing tumors disseminated over the pleural surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Ito
- Division of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
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Ogita H, Takai Y. Cross-talk among integrin, cadherin, and growth factor receptor: roles of nectin and nectin-like molecule. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 265:1-54. [PMID: 18275885 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(07)65001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Integrin, cadherin, and growth factor receptor are key molecules for fundamental cellular functions including cell movement, proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and survival. These cell surface molecules cross-talk with each other in the regulation of such cellular functions. Nectin and nectin-like molecule (Necl) have been identified as cell adhesion molecules that belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Nectin and Necl play important roles in the integration of integrin, cadherin, and growth factor receptor at the cell-cell adhesion sites of contacting cells and at the leading edges of moving cells, and thus are also involved in the fundamental cellular functions together with integrin, cadherin, and growth factor receptor. This chapter describes how newly identified cell adhesion molecules, nectin and Necl, modulate the cross-talk among integrin, cadherin, and growth factor receptor and how these integrated molecules act in the regulation of fundamental cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisakazu Ogita
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Faculty of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Nowacki S, Skowron M, Oberthuer A, Fagin A, Voth H, Brors B, Westermann F, Eggert A, Hero B, Berthold F, Fischer M. Expression of the tumour suppressor gene CADM1 is associated with favourable outcome and inhibits cell survival in neuroblastoma. Oncogene 2007; 27:3329-38. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fujita E, Tanabe Y, Hirose T, Aurrand-Lions M, Kasahara T, Imhof BA, Ohno S, Momoi T. Loss of partitioning-defective-3/isotype-specific interacting protein (par-3/ASIP) in the elongating spermatid of RA175 (IGSF4A/SynCAM)-deficient mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2007; 171:1800-10. [PMID: 18055550 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.070261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
IGSF4a/RA175/SynCAM (RA175) and junctional adhesion molecules (Jams) are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily with a PDZ-binding domain at their C termini. Deficiency of Ra175 (Ra175(-/-)) as well as Jam-C deficiency (Jam-C(-/-)) causes the defect of the spermatid differentiation, oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia. Ra175(-/-) elongating spermatids fail to mature further, whereas Jam-C(-/-) round spermatids lose cell polarity, and most of Jam-C(-/-) elongated spermatids are completely lost. RA175 and Jam-C seem to have similar but distinct functional roles during spermatid differentiation. Here we show that the cell polarity protein Par-3 with PDZ domains, a binding partner of Jams, is one of the associated proteins of the cytoplasmic region of RA175 in testis. Par-3 and Jam-C are partly co-localized with RA175 in the elongating and elongated spermatids; their distributions overlapped with that of RA175 on the tips of the dorsal region of the head of the elongating spermatid (steps 9 to 12) in the wild type. In the Ra175(-/-) elongating spermatid, Par-3 was absent, and Jam-C was absent or abnormally localized. The RA175 formed a ternary complex with Jam-C via interaction with Par-3. The lack of the ternary complex in the Ra175(-/-) elongating spermatid may cause the defect of the specialized adhesion structures, resulting in the oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Fujita
- National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Oawahigashi-machi 4-1-1, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
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Kobayashi D, Tamai I, Sai Y, Yoshida K, Wakayama T, Kido Y, Nezu JI, Iseki S, Tsuji A. Transport of carnitine and acetylcarnitine by carnitine/organic cation transporter (OCTN) 2 and OCTN3 into epididymal spermatozoa. Reproduction 2007; 134:651-8. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-06-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Carnitine and acetylcarnitine are important for the acquisition of motility and maturation of spermatozoa in the epididymis. In this study, we examined the involvement of carnitine/organic cation transporter (OCTN) in carnitine and acetylcarnitine transport in epididymal spermatozoa of mice. Uptake of both compounds by epididymal spermatozoa was time-dependent and partially Na+-dependent. Kinetic analyses revealed the presence of a high-affinity transport system in the spermatozoa, withKmvalues of 23.6 and 6.57 μM for carnitine and acetylcarnitine respectively in the presence of Na+. Expression of OCTN2 and OCTN3 in epididymal spermatozoa was confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis. The involvement of these two transporters in carnitine and acetylcarnitine transport was supported by a selective inhibition study. We conclude that both Na+-dependent and -independent carnitine transporters, OCTN2 and OCTN3, mediate the supply of carnitine and acetylcarnitine to epididymal spermatozoa in mice.
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Pellissier F, Gerber A, Bauer C, Ballivet M, Ossipow V. The adhesion molecule Necl-3/SynCAM-2 localizes to myelinated axons, binds to oligodendrocytes and promotes cell adhesion. BMC Neurosci 2007; 8:90. [PMID: 17967169 PMCID: PMC2176061 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-8-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cell adhesion molecules are plasma membrane proteins specialized in cell-cell recognition and adhesion. Two related adhesion molecules, Necl-1 and Necl-2/SynCAM, were recently described and shown to fulfill important functions in the central nervous system. The purpose of the work was to investigate the distribution, and the properties of Necl-3/SynCAM-2, a previously uncharacterized member of the Necl family with which it shares a conserved modular organization and extensive sequence homology. Results We show that Necl-3/SynCAM-2 is a plasma membrane protein that accumulates in several tissues, including those of the central and peripheral nervous system. There, Necl-3/SynCAM-2 is expressed in ependymal cells and in myelinated axons, and sits at the interface between the axon shaft and the myelin sheath. Several independent assays demonstrate that Necl-3/SynCAM-2 functionally and selectively interacts with oligodendrocytes. We finally prove that Necl-3/SynCAM-2 is a bona fide adhesion molecule that engages in homo- and heterophilic interactions with the other Necl family members, leading to cell aggregation. Conclusion Collectively, our manuscripts and the works on Necl-1 and SynCAM/Necl-2 reveal a complex set of interactions engaged in by the Necl proteins in the nervous system. Our work also support the notion that the family of Necl proteins fulfils key adhesion and recognition functions in the nervous system, in particular between different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Pellissier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Sciences II, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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Wang CQF, Cheng CY. A seamless trespass: germ cell migration across the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 178:549-56. [PMID: 17698604 PMCID: PMC2064462 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200704061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During spermatogenesis, preleptotene spermatocytes traverse the blood–testis barrier (BTB) in the seminiferous epithelium, which is reminiscent of viral pathogens breaking through the tight junctions of host epithelial cells. The process also closely resembles the migration of leukocytes across endothelial tight junctions to reach inflammation sites. Cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily (e.g., JAM/CAR/nectin) participate in germ cell migration by conferring transient adhesion between Sertoli and germ cells through homophilic and heterophilic interactions. The same molecules also comprise the junctional complexes at the BTB. Interestingly, JAM/CAR/nectin molecules mediate virus uptake and leukocyte transmigration in strikingly similar manners. It is likely that the strategy used by viruses and leukocytes to break through junctional barriers is used by germ cells to open up the inter–Sertoli cell junctions. In associating these diverse cellular events, we highlight the “guiding” role of JAM/CAR/nectin molecules for germ cell passage. Knowledge on viral invasion and leukocyte transmigration has also shed insights into germ cell movement during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Q F Wang
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Davenport JR, Watts AJ, Roper VC, Croyle MJ, van Groen T, Wyss JM, Nagy TR, Kesterson RA, Yoder BK. Disruption of intraflagellar transport in adult mice leads to obesity and slow-onset cystic kidney disease. Curr Biol 2007; 17:1586-94. [PMID: 17825558 PMCID: PMC2084209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2007.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of primary cilia is dependent on intraflagellar transport (IFT), which mediates the bidirectional movement of proteins between the base and tip of the cilium. In mice, congenic mutations disrupting genes required for IFT (e.g., Tg737 or the IFT kinesin Kif3a) are embryonic lethal, whereas kidney-specific disruption of IFT results in severe, rapidly progressing cystic pathology. Although the function of primary cilia in most tissues is unknown, in the kidney they are mechanosenstive organelles that detect fluid flow through the tubule lumen. The loss of this flow-induced signaling pathway is thought to be a major contributing factor to cyst formation. Recent data also suggest that there is a connection between ciliary dysfunction and obesity as evidenced by the discovery that proteins associated with human obesity syndromes such as Alström and Bardet-Biedl localize to this organelle. To more directly assess the importance of cilia in postnatal life, we utilized conditional alleles of two ciliogenic genes (Tg737 and Kif3a) to systemically induce cilia loss in adults. Surprisingly, the cystic kidney pathology in these mutants is dependent on the time at which cilia loss was induced, suggesting that cyst formation is not simply caused by impaired mechanosensation. In addition to the cystic pathology, the conditional cilia mutant mice become obese, are hyperphagic, and have elevated levels of serum insulin, glucose, and leptin. We further defined where in the body cilia are required for normal energy homeostasis by disrupting cilia on neurons throughout the central nervous system and on pro-opiomelanocortin-expressing cells in the hypothalamus, both of which resulted in obesity. These data establish that neuronal cilia function in a pathway regulating satiety responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda J. Watts
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Venus C. Roper
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Mandy J. Croyle
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | - J. Michael Wyss
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Tim R. Nagy
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Tsukioka F, Wakayama T, Tsukatani T, Miwa T, Furukawa M, Iseki S. Expression and localization of the cell adhesion molecule SgIGSF during regeneration of the olfactory epithelium in mice. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2007; 40:43-52. [PMID: 17576432 PMCID: PMC1874509 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.06027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenic immunoglobulin superfamily (SgIGSF) is a cell adhesion molecule originally discovered in mouse testis. SgIGSF is expressed not only in spermatogenic cells but also in lung and liver epithelial cells and in neurons and glia of the central and peripheral nervous systems. In the present study, we examined the expression and localization of SgIGSF in mouse olfactory epithelium before and after transection of the olfactory nerves, by RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. In normal olfactory mucosa, SgIGSF showed 100 kDa in molecular weight, which was identical with that in the lung but different from that in the brain. SgIGSF was expressed on the membrane of all olfactory, sustentacular and basal cells, but more abundantly in the apical portions of the olfactory epithelium where the dendrites of olfactory cells are in contact with sustentacular cells. After olfactory nerve transection, mature olfactory cells disappeared in 4 days but were regenerated around 7–15 days by proliferation and differentiation of basal cells into mature olfactory cells through the step of immature olfactory cells. During this period, both the mRNA and protein for SgIGSF showed a transient increase, with peak levels at 7 days and 11 days, respectively, after the transection. Immunohistochemistry showed that the enriched immunoreactivity for SgIGSF at 7–11 days was localized primarily to the membrane of immature olfactory cells. These results suggested that, during regeneration of the olfactory epithelium, the adhesion molecule SgIGSF plays physiological roles in differentiation, migration, and maturation of immature olfactory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusae Tsukioka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Wakayama
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tsukatani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takaki Miwa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Furukawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shoichi Iseki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Correspondence to: Shoichi Iseki, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Histology and Embryology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13–1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920–8640, Japan. E-mail:
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Liu G, Xin ZC, Chen L, Tian L, Yuan YM, Song WD, Jiang XJ, Guo YL. Expression and localization of CKLFSF2 in human spermatogenesis. Asian J Androl 2007; 9:189-98. [PMID: 17334588 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2007.00249.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the expression and subcellular localization of chemokine-like factor superfamily 2 (CKLFSF2) in human testis and its potential role in spermatogenesis. METHODS A specific polyclonal antibody against CKLFSF2 was raised. The expression and cellular localization of CKLFSF2 in the seminiferous tubules was checked by immunohistochemistry method. Also, in situ hybridization was applied to localize the mRNA distribution. The EGFP-CKLFSF2 fusion protein was expressed in COS-7 cells to localize its subcellular location in vitro. In addition, the abnormal expression of CKLFSF2 in testes of patients with male infertility was assayed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry methods. RESULTS Having a close correlation with spermatogenesis defects, CKLFSF2 was specifically expressed in meiotic and post-meiotic germ cells, which were localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) near the Golgi apparatus. CONCLUSION CKLFSF2 could play important roles in the process of meiosis and spermiogenesis, and might be involved in the vesicular transport or membrane apposition events in the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100009, China
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Ito A, Nishikawa Y, Ohnuma K, Ohnuma I, Koma YI, Sato A, Enomoto K, Tsujimura T, Yokozaki H. SgIGSF is a novel biliary-epithelial cell adhesion molecule mediating duct/ductule development. Hepatology 2007; 45:684-94. [PMID: 17326163 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Spermatogenic immunoglobulin superfamily (SgIGSF) is an intercellular adhesion molecule of the nectin-like family. While screening its tissue distribution, we found that it was expressed in fetal liver but not adult liver. In the present study, we examined which cells in developing and regenerating liver express SgIGSF via immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. In developing mouse liver, SgIGSF expression was transiently upregulated at perinatal ages and was restricted to the lateral membrane of biliary epithelial cells (BECs). In regenerating rat livers from the 2-acetylaminofluorene/partial hepatectomy model, SgIGSF was detected exclusively in oval cells that aligned in ductal and trabecular patterns by the second week posthepatectomy. In human livers, fetal and newborn bile ducts and cirrhotic bile ductules were clearly positive for SgIGSF, whereas disease-free adult bile ducts were negative. To investigate the role of SgIGSF in bile duct/ductule formation, we used an in vitro model in which rat hepatocyte aggregates embedded in collagen gels containing insulin and epidermal growth factor extend epithelial sheets and processes in the first week and form ductules within a month. The process and ductular cells were continuously positive for SgIGSF and cytokeratin 19, a BEC marker. When the aggregate culture was started in the presence of a function-blocking anti-SgIGSF antibody, the number of epithelial processes per aggregate was reduced by 80%. CONCLUSION We propose that SgIGSF is a novel and functional BEC adhesion molecule that is expressed for a limited time during active bile duct/ductule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Ito
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
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Wakayama T, Sai Y, Ito A, Kato Y, Kurobo M, Murakami Y, Nakashima E, Tsuji A, Kitamura Y, Iseki S. Heterophilic binding of the adhesion molecules poliovirus receptor and immunoglobulin superfamily 4A in the interaction between mouse spermatogenic and Sertoli cells. Biol Reprod 2007; 76:1081-90. [PMID: 17314315 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.106.058974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell adhesion protein immunoglobulin superfamily 4A (IGSF4A) is expressed on the surfaces of spermatogenic cells in the mouse testis. During spermatogenesis, IGSF4A is considered to bind to the surface of Sertoli cells in a heterophilic manner. To identify this unknown partner of IGSF4A, we generated rat monoclonal antibodies against the membrane proteins of mouse Sertoli cells grown in primary culture. Using these monoclonal antibodies, we isolated a clone that immunostained Sertoli cells and reacted with the product of immunoprecipitation of the homogenate of mouse testis with anti-IGSF4A antibody. Subsequently, to identify the Sertoli cell membrane protein that is recognized by this monoclonal antibody, we performed expression cloning of a cDNA library from the mouse testis. As a result, we identified poliovirus receptor (PVR), which is another IGSF-type cell adhesion molecule, as the binding partner of IGSF4A. The antibodies raised against PVR and IGSF4A immunoprecipitated both antigens in the homogenate of mouse testis. Immunoreactivity for PVR was present in Sertoli cells but not in spermatogenic cells at all stages of spermatogenesis. Overexpression of PVR in TM4, a mouse Sertoli cell line, increased more than three-fold its capacity to adhere to Tera-2, which is a human cell line that expresses IGSF4A. These findings suggest that the heterophilic binding of PVR to IGSF4A is responsible, at least in part, for the interaction between Sertoli and spermatogenic cells during mouse spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Wakayama
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
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Inagaki M, Irie K, Ishizaki H, Tanaka-Okamoto M, Miyoshi J, Takai Y. Role of cell adhesion molecule nectin-3 in spermatid development. Genes Cells 2006; 11:1125-32. [PMID: 16923130 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2006.01006.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Seminiferous epithelia of the testes contain two types of intercellular junctions: Sertoli-Sertoli junctions and Sertoli-spermatid junctions. The former junctions are equipped with tight and adherens junctions while the latter junctions are not. Ca2+ -independent immunoglobulin-like cell-cell adhesion molecules, nectin-2 and nectin-3, asymmetrically localize at the Sertoli cell side and at the spermatid side of Sertoli-spermatid junctions, respectively. They heterophilically trans-interact to make contact between the two cells. Nectin-2(-/-) mice have shown male-specific infertility, disrupted Sertoli-spermatid junctions and morphologically impaired spermatid development. Here we report testicular phenotypes of nectin-3(-/-) mice exhibiting male-specific infertility. Nectin-3(-/-) mice had defects in the later steps of sperm morphogenesis including distorted nuclei and abnormal distribution of mitochondria, as well as in localization of nectin-2 at the Sertoli-spermatid junctions. Transplantation of wild-type spermatogenic stem cells into the nectin-3(-/-) testes partially rescued these defects in sperm morphogenesis. These results indicate that the heterophilic trans-interaction between nectin-2 and nectin-3 is essential for the formation and maintenance of Sertoli-spermatid junctions that plays a critical role in spermatid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Inagaki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Faculty of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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Surace EI, Strickland A, Hess RA, Gutmann DH, Naughton CK. Tslc1 (nectin-like molecule-2) is essential for spermatozoa motility and male fertility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 27:816-25. [PMID: 16837733 PMCID: PMC2755522 DOI: 10.2164/jandrol.106.000398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The nectin-like molecule-2 (TSLC1) is a cell-cell adhesion molecule expressed in testicular germ cells. To directly examine the role of Tslc1 in male fertility, we generated Tslc1+/- mice that have greater than 90% reduction in Tslc1 expression. Tslc1+/- males exhibited reduced fertility and rarely transmitted the Tslc1 mutant allele, whereas Tslc1+/- females were consistently able to transmit the mutant allele. Histologic and electron microscopic analyses of the testes in Tslc1+/- mice demonstrated disruption of the junctional scaffold between germ cells and Sertoli cells. Reduced Tslc1 expression had no effect on germ cell proliferation or apoptosis. While evidence of normal spermatozoal maturation was supported by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) analysis, spermatozoa from Tslc1+/- mice demonstrated markedly reduced motility without compromised viability. Collectively, these results establish an essential role for Tslc1 in spermatozoal maturation and motility, distinct from other members of the nectin family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel I Surace
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63141, USA
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Wakayama T, Kato Y, Utsumi R, Tsuji A, Iseki S. A time- and cost-saving method of producing rat polyclonal antibodies. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2006; 39:79-87. [PMID: 17327927 PMCID: PMC1790970 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.06003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2006] [Accepted: 03/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Producing antibodies usually takes more than three months. In the present study, we introduce a faster way of producing polyclonal antibodies based on preparation of the recombinant oligopeptide as antigen followed by immunization of rats. Using this method, we produced antisera against two mouse proteins: ERGIC-53 and c-Kit. An expression vector ligated with a pair of complementary synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides encoding the protein was introduced into bacteria, and the recombinant oligopeptide fused with the carrier protein glutathione-S-transferase was purified. Wistar rats were immunized by injecting the emulsified antigen subcutaneously into the hind footpads, followed by a booster injection -after 2 weeks. One week after the booster, the sera were collected and examined for the antibody titer by immunohistochemistry. Antisera with 1600-fold titer at the maximum were obtained for both antigens and confirmed for their specificity by Western blotting. Anti--ERGIC-53 antisera recognized acinar cells in the sublingual gland, and anti-c-Kit antisera recognized spermatogenic and Leydig cells in the testis. These antisera were applicable to fluorescent double immunostaining with mouse monoclonal or rabbit polyclonal antibodies. Consequently, this method enabled us to produce specific rat polyclonal antisera available for immunohistochemistry in less than one month at a relatively low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Wakayama
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920–8640, Japan
- Correspondence to: Tomohiko Wakayama, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Histology and Embryology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13–1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920–8640, Japan. E-mail:
| | - Yukio Kato
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920–1192, Japan
| | - Rie Utsumi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920–1192, Japan
| | - Akira Tsuji
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920–1192, Japan
| | - Shoichi Iseki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920–8640, Japan
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Yamada D, Yoshida M, Williams YN, Fukami T, Kikuchi S, Masuda M, Maruyama T, Ohta T, Nakae D, Maekawa A, Kitamura T, Murakami Y. Disruption of spermatogenic cell adhesion and male infertility in mice lacking TSLC1/IGSF4, an immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecule. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26:3610-24. [PMID: 16612000 PMCID: PMC1447408 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.26.9.3610-3624.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TSLC1/IGSF4, an immunoglobulin superfamily molecule, is predominantly expressed in the brain, lungs, and testes and plays important roles in epithelial cell adhesion, cancer invasion, and synapse formation. We generated Tslc1/Igsf4-deficient mice by disrupting exon 1 of the gene and found that Tslc1(-/-) mice were born with the expected Mendelian ratio but that Tslc1(-/-) male mice were infertile. In 11-week-old adult Tslc1(-/-) mice, the weight of a testis was 88% that in Tslc1(+/+) mice, and the number of sperm in the semen was approximately 0.01% that in Tslc1(+/+) mice. Histological analysis revealed that the round spermatids and the pachytene spermatocytes failed to attach to the Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules and sloughed off into the lumen with apoptosis in the Tslc1(-/-) mice. On the other hand, the spermatogonia and the interstitial cells, including Leydig cells, were essentially unaffected. In the Tslc1(+/+) mice, TSLC1/IGSF4 expression was observed in the spermatogenic cells from the intermediate spermatogonia to the early pachytene spermatocytes and from spermatids at step 7 or later. These findings suggest that TSLC1/IGSF4 expression is indispensable for the adhesion of spermatocytes and spermatids to Sertoli cells and for their normal differentiation into mature spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamada
- Tumor Suppression and Functional Genomics Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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