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Cepeda-Emiliani A, Otero-Alén M, García-Caballero T, Gallego R, García-Caballero L. The Human Mechanosensory Corpuscles: A New Schwann Cell Localization of the Wilms' Tumor Protein WT1. J Histochem Cytochem 2025:221554251338066. [PMID: 40391844 DOI: 10.1369/00221554251338066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2025] Open
Abstract
SummaryThe Wilms' Tumor protein WT1 is a zinc-finger transcription factor with crucial roles in organogenesis, cell differentiation, tissue homeostasis, and oncogenesis. While its expression has been extensively studied in various tissues, its presence in the nervous system, particularly in peripheral glial cells, remains largely unexplored. In this study, we examined WT1 expression in the Schwann cells of mechanosensory corpuscles, nerve bundles, and free nerve endings (FNEs) within human penile tissues. Using single and double immunohistology, we analyzed WT1 coexpression with Schwann cell markers (S100, nestin, SOX10) and its association with axonal (neurofilaments, neuron-specific enolase, tyrosine hydroxylase) and perineurial/endoneurial markers (Glut-1, α-SMA, CD34). We found consistent WT1 cytoplasmic expression in the Schwann cells of Pacinian, Meissner, Krause, genital, Golgi-Mazzoni, and Ruffini-like corpuscles, with variable staining intensity. Confocal microscopy revealed WT1 colocalized with nestin but not S100, suggesting involvement in cytoskeletal organization. In addition, we documented WT1 in myelinating Schwann cells of nerve bundles, with distinct staining patterns in Cajal bands and Schmidt-Lanterman incisures, as well as in non-myelinating Schwann cells of FNEs. This is the first study to describe WT1 expression in sensory corpuscles, implicating it in Schwann cell development, maintenance, or plasticity, with potential relevance for peripheral nerve biology, pathology, and mechanosensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Cepeda-Emiliani
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Otero-Alén
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tomás García-Caballero
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Pathology, University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosalía Gallego
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía García-Caballero
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Chopra S, Shukla J, Purohit P, Adhikari U, Roesch F, Moon ES, Rathore Y, Rana N, Bhadada SK, Mittal BR, Walia R. Exploring currently available fibroblast activation protein targeting molecules in adrenocortical carcinoma: Navigating theranostic pathways. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2025:10.1007/s00259-025-07203-4. [PMID: 40119895 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-025-07203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2025] [Accepted: 03/11/2025] [Indexed: 03/25/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) expressing fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in the adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) microenvironment may be used as potential therapeutic targets. This study investigated the diagnostic potential of four FAPi derivatives i.e. DOTA-FAPi-46 (FAPi46), DOTA.SA.FAPi (SA.FAPi), DATA5m.SA.FAPi (DATA.FAPi) and DATA5m.C4.FAPi (C4.FAPi) and compared with standard-of-care 18F-FDG (FDG) in ACC. METHODS Thirty histopathological proven cases of localized or metastatic ACC were recruited for both FDG and FAPi PET (number of patients (n) = 5 for SA.FAPi, n = 5 for DATA.FAPi, n = 5 for C4.FAPi and n = 15 for FAPi46). For biodistribution, standardized uptake values (SUV's) were computed by delineating region-of-interest on various body organs. For comparative analysis in disease identification, lesion tracer uptake was quantified using standardized uptake values corrected for lean body mass (SUL), tumor-to-background ratio (TBR), total lesion glycolysis (TLG for FDG) and total lesion FAP expression (TLF for FAPi). RESULTS In overall analysis, both FAPi and FDG PET exhibited comparable mean SULpeak [FAPi 4.3 (8.0-1.7) vs FDG 3.9 (8.1-2.5), p-0.271], mean SULavg [2.2 (4.3-1.2) vs 2.2 (3.4-1.3), p-0.897] and mean TBR [1.8 (3.2-1.2) vs 1.9 (2.7-1.2), p-0.696]. In volumetric analysis, comparable mean TLF and mean TLG was noted for the cohort [9.3 (53.7-4.5) vs 11.8 (33.0-4.3), p-0.107]. Sub-categorical analysis demonstrated complete concordant findings for both radiotracers in detection of all primary lesions, nodal lesions and distant metastases in lung and peritoneum with discordant findings in liver (22%) and skeletal lesions (33%). For lesion detection, DATA.FAPi and FAPi46 showed 100% concordance with FDG scan findings in metastatic disease. SA.FAPi exhibited 33% discordance by detecting an additional skeletal lesion, while C4.FAPi had 10% discordance, missing one liver lesion identified by FDG. Three 68 Ga-FAP derivatives (SA.FAPi, DATA.FAPi, and C4.FAPi) exhibited similar biodistribution, with uptake in the salivary glands, thyroid, liver, pancreas, muscles, and kidneys, and variable uptake in the lacrimal glands, extra-ocular muscles, oral mucosa, and uterus. In contrast, FAPi46 physiological expression was noted in salivary glands and muscles, with no uptake in other organs. Pancreatic uptake was highest for SA.FAPi (SUVmean 11.8), DATA.FAPi (12.1), and C4.FAPi (10.8), while FAPi46 had the lowest (1.7). Conversely, FAPi46 exhibited the highest muscle uptake (SUVmean 4.3) compared to SA.FAPi (1.7), DATA.FAPi (1.4), and C4.FAPi (1.0). CONCLUSION All the existing FAP inhibitor molecules were comparable to FDG PET for mapping disease spread and appeared as potential theranostic targets for the management of ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Chopra
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Jaya Shukla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Priyavrat Purohit
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Umanath Adhikari
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Frank Roesch
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Euy Sung Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yogesh Rathore
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Nivedita Rana
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Bhagwant Rai Mittal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Rama Walia
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Soucy AM, Brune JE, Jayaraman A, Shenoy AT, Korkmaz FT, Etesami NS, Hiller BE, Martin IM, Goltry WN, Ha CT, Crossland NA, Campbell JD, Beach TG, Traber KE, Jones MR, Quinton LJ, Bosmann M, Frevert CW, Mizgerd JP. Transcriptomic responses of lung mesenchymal cells during pneumonia. JCI Insight 2025; 10:e177084. [PMID: 39998887 PMCID: PMC11981624 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.177084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
The role of mesenchymal cells during respiratory infection is not well defined, including whether, which, and how the different types of mesenchymal cells respond. We collected all mesenchymal cells from lung single-cell suspensions of mice that were naive (after receiving only saline vehicle), pneumonic (after intratracheal instillation of pneumococcus 24 hours previously), or resolved from infection (after nonlethal pneumococcal infections 6 weeks previously) and performed single-cell RNA sequencing. Cells clustered into 5 well-separated groups based on their transcriptomes: matrix fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, pericytes, smooth muscle cells, and mesothelial cells. Fibroblasts were the most abundant and could be further segregated into Pdgfra+Npnt+Ces1d+Col13a1+ alveolar fibroblasts and Cd9+Pi16+Sca1+Col14a1+ adventitial fibroblasts. The cells from naive and resolved groups overlapped in dimension reduction plots, suggesting the mesenchymal cells returned to baseline transcriptomes after resolution. During pneumonia, all mesenchymal cells responded with altered transcriptomes, revealing a core response that had been conserved across cell types as well as distinct mesenchymal cell type-specific responses. The different subsets of fibroblasts induced similar gene sets, but the alveolar fibroblasts responded more strongly than the adventitial fibroblasts. These data demonstrated diverse and specialized immune activities of lung mesenchymal cells during pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M. Soucy
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jourdan E. Brune
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Archana Jayaraman
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anukul T. Shenoy
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Filiz T. Korkmaz
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Neelou S. Etesami
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bradley E. Hiller
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ian M.C. Martin
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wesley N. Goltry
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catherine T. Ha
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Crossland
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Department of Virology, Immunology, & Microbiology; and
| | - Joshua D. Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas G. Beach
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute Brain and Body Donation Program, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Katrina E. Traber
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew R. Jones
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lee J. Quinton
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Markus Bosmann
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Charles W. Frevert
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joseph P. Mizgerd
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Virology, Immunology, & Microbiology; and
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Niayesh-Mehr R, Kalantar M, Bontempi G, Montaldo C, Ebrahimi S, Allameh A, Babaei G, Seif F, Strippoli R. The role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pulmonary fibrosis: lessons from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and COVID-19. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:542. [PMID: 39538298 PMCID: PMC11558984 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01925-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the tremendous advancements in the knowledge of the pathophysiology and clinical aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, still many issues remain unanswered, especially in the long-term effects. Mounting evidence suggests that pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is one of the most severe complications associated with COVID-19. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms behind its development is helpful to develop successful therapeutic strategies. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its cell specific variants endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and mesothelial to mesenchymal transition (MMT) are physio-pathologic cellular reprogramming processes induced by several infectious, inflammatory and biomechanical stimuli. Cells undergoing EMT acquire invasive, profibrogenic and proinflammatory activities by secreting several extracellular mediators. Their activity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PF in a variety of lung disorders, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and COVID-19. Aim of this article is to provide an updated survey of the cellular and molecular mechanisms, with emphasis on EMT-related processes, implicated in the genesis of PF in IFP and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Niayesh-Mehr
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kalantar
- Department of Occupational Health, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Giulio Bontempi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Montaldo
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Saeedeh Ebrahimi
- Department of Medical Microbiology (Bacteriology and Virology), Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abdolamir Allameh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghader Babaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Faezeh Seif
- Department of Basic Sciences, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran.
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Moran HR, Nyarko OO, O’Rourke R, Ching RCK, Riemslagh FW, Peña B, Burger A, Sucharov CC, Mosimann C. The pericardium forms as a distinct structure during heart formation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.18.613484. [PMID: 39345600 PMCID: PMC11429720 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.18.613484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
The heart integrates diverse cell lineages into a functional unit, including the pericardium, a mesothelial sac that supports heart movement, homeostasis, and immune responses. However, despite its critical roles, the developmental origins of the pericardium remain uncertain due to disparate models. Here, using live imaging, lineage tracking, and single-cell transcriptomics in zebrafish, we find the pericardium forms within the lateral plate mesoderm from dedicated anterior mesothelial progenitors and distinct from the classic heart field. Imaging of transgenic reporters in zebrafish documents lateral plate mesoderm cells that emerge lateral of the classic heart field and among a continuous mesothelial progenitor field. Single-cell transcriptomics and trajectories of hand2-expressing lateral plate mesoderm reveal distinct populations of mesothelial and cardiac precursors, including pericardial precursors that are distinct from the cardiomyocyte lineage. The mesothelial gene expression signature is conserved in mammals and carries over to post-natal development. Light sheet-based live-imaging and machine learning-supported cell tracking documents that during heart tube formation, pericardial precursors that reside at the anterior edge of the heart field migrate anteriorly and medially before fusing, enclosing the embryonic heart to form a single pericardial cavity. Pericardium formation proceeds even upon genetic disruption of heart tube formation, uncoupling the two structures. Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling modulates pericardial cell number, resulting in a stretched pericardial epithelium with reduced cell number upon canonical Wnt inhibition. We connect the pathological expression of secreted Wnt antagonists of the SFRP family found in pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy to increased pericardial stiffness: sFRP1 in the presence of increased catecholamines causes cardiomyocyte stiffness in neonatal rats as measured by atomic force microscopy. Altogether, our data integrate pericardium formation as an independent process into heart morphogenesis and connect disrupted pericardial tissue properties such as pericardial stiffness to pediatric cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R. Moran
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Obed O. Nyarko
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rebecca O’Rourke
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ryenne-Christine K. Ching
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Frederike W. Riemslagh
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brisa Peña
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alexa Burger
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carmen C. Sucharov
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christian Mosimann
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Chopra S, Mathur Y, Roesch F, Moon ES, Rana N, Irrinki S, Walia R, Duseja A, Singh H, Kumar R, Shukla J, Mittal BR. 68Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi as a Versatile Diagnostic Probe for Various Epithelial Malignancies: A Head-to-Head Comparison with 18F-FDG. Acad Radiol 2024; 31:2521-2535. [PMID: 38233261 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP) expressing cancer-associated fibroblasts has been a major breakthrough causing a paradigm shift in targeted theranostics focusing on the tumor microenvironment. In this study, a squaric acid derivative DOTA.SA.FAPi (SA.FAPi) has been evaluated as a potential diagnostic probe in diverse epithelial cancers and compared to the standard-of-care 18F-FDG. METHODS 25 patients enrolled in this prospective study underwent 18F-FDG and 68Ga-SA.FAPi PET scans on two different days. For biodistribution, standardized uptake values (SUV) were computed by delineating region-of-interest on various body organs. For comparative analysis in disease identification, lesion tracer uptake was quantified using SUVs corrected for lean body mass (SUL), SUVmax, tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) with liver and blood pool as the reference, total lesion glycolysis (TLG for 18F-FDG) and total lesion FAP expression (TLF for 68Ga-SA.FAPi). RESULTS 25 patients (mean age: 58 ± 8 years) with four types of cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, 56% of cohort), gall bladder carcinoma (GB Ca, 12%), adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC, 16%), and breast carcinoma (breast Ca, 16%) were prospectively evaluated. Physiological tracer uptake of 68Ga-SA.FAPi was noted in the salivary glands, thyroid, liver, pancreas, muscles and kidneys with variable uptake in the lacrimal glands, extra-ocular muscles, oral mucosa and uterus. Lesion-based comparative analysis between both the radiotracers demonstrated complete concordant findings in detection of all primary lesions and distant metastases in liver, bones, adrenals and peritoneum whereas discordant findings were noted in lung nodules (20%) and lymph nodes (13%). In overall analysis, 68Ga-SA.FAPi exhibited significantly higher SUVmax (10.3 vs 8.8, p-0.019), SULpeak (6.8 vs 4.9, p-0.000) and SULavg (5.4 vs 4.1, p-0.019) in comparison to 18F-FDG whereas TBR was comparable for both the tracers [TBRLiver: median 1.9 (IQR: 2.6-1.4) vs 1.8 (2.6-1.1), p-0.275; TBRBloodpool: 2.1 (3.7-1.4) vs 2.0 (2.7-1.4), p-0.207]. In subcategorical analysis, 68Ga-SA.FAPi demonstrated higher SUVmax, SULpeak and SULavg values for primary disease (SUVmax: 14.8 (18.7-9.7) vs (12.9-6.6), p-0.087; SULpeak: 8.2 (11.2-6.8) vs 6.3 (8.5-4.4), p-0.037; SULavg: 6.9 ± 2.5 vs 5.1 ± 2.2, p-0.023] and distant metastases (8.8 vs 7.2, p-0.038); 6.3 (8.8-4.4) vs 3.6 (4.4-2.0), p-0.000; 5.4 vs 3.5, p-0.000] whereas comparable values were noted for both the tracers in nodal metastases [9 (13.5-4.1) vs 8 (12.7-4.7), p-0.726; 4.5 (6.2-1.8) vs 4.3 (5.7-2.2), p-0.727; 4.1 ± 2.3 vs 3.7 ± 1.8, p-0.129]. In primary disease, highest 68Ga-SA.FAPi avidity was noted in ACC followed by GB Ca and HCC. In distant metastases, gall bladder, lung and skeletal lesions demonstrated higher 68Ga-SA.FAPi avidity. Moreover, 68Ga-SA.FAPi identified five additional lung lesions which were missed by 18F-FDG in one case of ACC. CONCLUSION 68Ga-SA.FAPi emerged as an effective, versatile diagnostic probe for imaging various epithelial malignancies similar to 18F-FDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Chopra
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.C., Y.M., N.R., H.S., R.K., J.S., B.R.M.)
| | - Yamini Mathur
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.C., Y.M., N.R., H.S., R.K., J.S., B.R.M.)
| | - Frank Roesch
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (F.R., E.S.M.)
| | - Euy Sung Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (F.R., E.S.M.)
| | - Nivedita Rana
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.C., Y.M., N.R., H.S., R.K., J.S., B.R.M.)
| | - Santhosh Irrinki
- Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.I.)
| | - Rama Walia
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (R.W.)
| | - Ajay Duseja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (A.D.)
| | - Harmandeep Singh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.C., Y.M., N.R., H.S., R.K., J.S., B.R.M.)
| | - Rajender Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.C., Y.M., N.R., H.S., R.K., J.S., B.R.M.)
| | - Jaya Shukla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.C., Y.M., N.R., H.S., R.K., J.S., B.R.M.).
| | - Bhagwant Rai Mittal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.C., Y.M., N.R., H.S., R.K., J.S., B.R.M.)
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Pitaraki E, Jagirdar RM, Rouka E, Bartosova M, Sinis SI, Gourgoulianis KI, Eleftheriadis T, Stefanidis I, Liakopoulos V, Hatzoglou C, Schmitt CP, Zarogiannis SG. 2-Deoxy-glucose ameliorates the peritoneal mesothelial and endothelial barrier function perturbation occurring due to Peritoneal Dialysis fluids exposure. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 693:149376. [PMID: 38104523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) and prolonged exposure to PD fluids (PDF) induce peritoneal membrane (PM) fibrosis and hypervascularity, leading to functional PM degeneration. 2-deoxy-glucose (2-DG) has shown potential as PM antifibrotic by inhibiting hyper-glycolysis induced mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT). We investigated whether administration of 2-DG with several PDF affects the permeability of mesothelial and endothelial barrier of the PM. The antifibrotic effect of 2-DG was confirmed by the gel contraction assay with embedded mesothelial (MeT-5A) or endothelial (EA.hy926) cells cultured in Dianeal® 2.5 % (CPDF), BicaVera® 2.3 % (BPDF), Balance® 2.3 % (LPDF) with/without 2-DG addition (0.2 mM), and qPCR for αSMA, CDH2 genes. Moreover, 2-DG effect was tested on the permeability of monolayers of mesothelial and endothelial cells by monitoring the transmembrane resistance (RTM), FITC-dextran (10, 70 kDa) diffusion and mRNA expression levels of CLDN-1 to -5, ZO1, SGLT1, and SGLT2 genes. Contractility of MeT-5A cells in CPDF/2-DG was decreased, accompanied by αSMA (0.17 ± 0.03) and CDH2 (2.92 ± 0.29) gene expression fold changes. Changes in αSMA, CDH2 were found in EA.hy926 cells, though αSMA also decreased under LPDF/2-DG incubation (0.42 ± 0.02). Overall, 2-DG mitigated the PDF-induced alterations in mesothelial and endothelial barrier function as shown by RTM, dextran transport and expression levels of the CLDN-1 to -5, ZO1, and SGLT2. Thus, supplementation of PDF with 2-DG not only reduces MMT but also improves functional permeability characteristics of the PM mesothelial and endothelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanna Pitaraki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Rajesh M Jagirdar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Erasmia Rouka
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, GAIOPOLIS, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Bartosova
- Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sotirios I Sinis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500, Larissa, Greece; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I Gourgoulianis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Theodoros Eleftheriadis
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Stefanidis
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- 2(nd) Department of Nephrology, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrissi Hatzoglou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Claus Peter Schmitt
- Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sotirios G Zarogiannis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500, Larissa, Greece.
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8
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Keshava S, Owens S, Qin W, Jeffers A, Kyei P, Komatsu S, Kleam J, Ikebe M, Idell S, Tucker TA. The mTORC2/SGK1/NDRG1 Signaling Axis Is Critical for the Mesomesenchymal Transition of Pleural Mesothelial Cells and the Progression of Pleural Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 70:50-62. [PMID: 37607215 PMCID: PMC10768834 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0131oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive lung scarring because of persistent pleural organization often results in pleural fibrosis (PF). This process affects patients with complicated parapneumonic pleural effusions, empyema, and other pleural diseases prone to loculation. In PF, pleural mesothelial cells undergo mesomesenchymal transition (MesoMT) to become profibrotic, characterized by increased expression of α-smooth muscle actin and matrix proteins, including collagen-1. In our previous study, we showed that blocking PI3K/Akt signaling inhibits MesoMT induction in human pleural mesothelial cells (HPMCs) (1). However, the downstream signaling pathways leading to MesoMT induction remain obscure. Here, we investigated the role of mTOR complexes (mTORC1/2) in MesoMT induction. Our studies show that activation of the downstream mediator mTORC1/2 complex is, likewise, a critical component of MesoMT. Specific targeting of mTORC1/2 complex using pharmacological inhibitors such as INK128 and AZD8055 significantly inhibited transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-induced MesoMT markers in HPMCs. We further identified the mTORC2/Rictor complex as the principal contributor to MesoMT progression induced by TGF-β. Knockdown of Rictor, but not Raptor, attenuated TGF-β-induced MesoMT in these cells. In these studies, we further show that concomitant activation of the SGK1/NDRG1 signaling cascade is essential for inducing MesoMT. Targeting SGK1 and NDRG1 with siRNA and small molecular inhibitors attenuated TGF-β-induced MesoMT in HPMCs. Additionally, preclinical studies in our Streptococcus pneumoniae-mediated mouse model of PF showed that inhibition of mTORC1/2 with INK128 significantly attenuated the progression of PF in subacute and chronic injury. In conclusion, our studies demonstrate that mTORC2/Rictor-mediated activation of SGK1/NDRG1 is critical for MesoMT induction and that targeting this pathway could inhibit or even reverse the progression of MesoMT and PF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuzi Owens
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Wenyi Qin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, and
| | | | - Perpetual Kyei
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | | | - Joshua Kleam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Mitsuo Ikebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Steven Idell
- Texas Lung Injury Institute
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Torry A. Tucker
- Texas Lung Injury Institute
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, and
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9
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Singh P, Ali SN, Zaheer S, Singh M. Cellular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung diseases. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154691. [PMID: 37480596 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a large, heterogeneous group of several hundred generally rare pulmonary pathologies, which show injury, inflammation and/or scarring in the lung. Although the aetiology of these disorders remains largely unknown, various cellular mechanisms have an important role in pathogenesis of fibrosis on the background of occupational, environmental and genetic factors. We have tried to provide new insights into the interactions and cellular contributions, analysing the roles of various cells in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- Department of Pathology, VMMC, and Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Saba Naaz Ali
- Department of Pathology, VMMC, and Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sufian Zaheer
- Department of Pathology, VMMC, and Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - Mukul Singh
- Department of Pathology, VMMC, and Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India
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10
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Liu X, Dai K, Zhang X, Huang G, Lynn H, Rabata A, Liang J, Noble PW, Jiang D. Multiple Fibroblast Subtypes Contribute to Matrix Deposition in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:45-56. [PMID: 36927333 PMCID: PMC10324043 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0292oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive pulmonary fibrosis results from a dysfunctional tissue repair response and is characterized by fibroblast proliferation, activation, and invasion and extracellular matrix accumulation. Lung fibroblast heterogeneity is well recognized. With single-cell RNA sequencing, fibroblast subtypes have been reported by recent studies. However, the roles of fibroblast subtypes in effector functions in lung fibrosis are not well understood. In this study, we incorporated the recently published single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets on murine lung samples of fibrosis models and human lung samples of fibrotic diseases and analyzed fibroblast gene signatures. We identified and confirmed the novel fibroblast subtypes we reported recently across all samples of both mouse models and human lung fibrotic diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease, and coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Furthermore, we identified specific cell surface proteins for each fibroblast subtype through differential gene expression analysis, which enabled us to isolate primary cells representing distinct fibroblast subtypes by flow cytometry sorting. We compared matrix production, including fibronectin, collagen, and hyaluronan, after profibrotic factor stimulation and assessed the invasive capacity of each fibroblast subtype. Our results suggest that in addition to myofibroblasts, lipofibroblasts and Ebf1+ (Ebf transcription factor 1+) fibroblasts are two important fibroblast subtypes that contribute to matrix deposition and also have enhanced invasive, proliferative, and contraction phenotypes. The histological locations of fibroblast subtypes are identified in healthy and fibrotic lungs by these cell surface proteins. This study provides new insights to inform approaches to targeting lung fibroblast subtypes to promote the development of therapeutics for lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Department of Medicine and Women’s Guild Lung Institute and
| | - Kristy Dai
- Department of Medicine and Women’s Guild Lung Institute and
| | - Xuexi Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Women’s Guild Lung Institute and
| | - Guanling Huang
- Department of Medicine and Women’s Guild Lung Institute and
| | - Heather Lynn
- Department of Medicine and Women’s Guild Lung Institute and
| | - Anas Rabata
- Department of Medicine and Women’s Guild Lung Institute and
| | - Jiurong Liang
- Department of Medicine and Women’s Guild Lung Institute and
| | - Paul W. Noble
- Department of Medicine and Women’s Guild Lung Institute and
| | - Dianhua Jiang
- Department of Medicine and Women’s Guild Lung Institute and
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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11
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Gajjala PR, Singh P, Odayar V, Ediga HH, McCormack FX, Madala SK. Wilms Tumor 1-Driven Fibroblast Activation and Subpleural Thickening in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2850. [PMID: 36769178 PMCID: PMC9918078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic lung disease that is often fatal due to the formation of irreversible scar tissue in the distal areas of the lung. Although the pathological and radiological features of IPF lungs are well defined, the lack of insight into the fibrogenic role of fibroblasts that accumulate in distinct anatomical regions of the lungs is a critical knowledge gap. Fibrotic lesions have been shown to originate in the subpleural areas and extend into the lung parenchyma through processes of dysregulated fibroproliferation, migration, fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transformation, and extracellular matrix production. Identifying the molecular targets underlying subpleural thickening at the early and late stages of fibrosis could facilitate the development of new therapies to attenuate fibroblast activation and improve the survival of patients with IPF. Here, we discuss the key cellular and molecular events that contribute to (myo)fibroblast activation and subpleural thickening in IPF. In particular, we highlight the transcriptional programs involved in mesothelial to mesenchymal transformation and fibroblast dysfunction that can be targeted to alter the course of the progressive expansion of fibrotic lesions in the distal areas of IPF lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Satish K. Madala
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0564, USA
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12
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Krishnamurthy K, Merkulova Y, Guzman-Arocho Y, Rosen S, Sun Y. Diffuse WT1 Positivity in Smooth Muscle Component Supports Dual Differentiation of Mesothelial Cells in the Histogenesis of Leiomyoadenomatoid Tumors—A Report of two Cases. Int J Surg Pathol 2022:10668969221137521. [DOI: 10.1177/10668969221137521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Leiomyoadenomatoid tumors of the epididymis are exceedingly rare biphasic tumors composed of an adenomatoid component in the form of gland-like structures lined by single flat or cuboidal cells admixed with smooth muscle. Radiological and gross findings cannot distinguish leiomyoadenomatoid tumors from the more common classic adenomatoid tumors or leiomyomas, and careful microscopic examination is critical in the identification of this esoteric variant. The histogenesis of this entity remains ambiguous. Common hypotheses include a collision tumor, a variant of an adenomatoid tumor with a smooth muscle component, or an adenomatoid tumor arising in the background of reactive smooth muscle hyperplasia. We present 2 cases of leiomyoadenomatoid tumors with diffuse nuclear WT1 positivity in both the adenomatoid and smooth muscle components, supporting the mesothelial origin of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Seymour Rosen
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Luo J, Tugade T, Sun E, Pena Diaz AM, O’Gorman DB. Sustained AWT1 expression by Dupuytren's disease myofibroblasts promotes a proinflammatory milieu. J Cell Commun Signal 2022; 16:677-690. [PMID: 35414143 PMCID: PMC9733761 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00677-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmar fibromatosis, also known as Dupuytren's disease (DD), is a common and heritable fibrosis of the hand. It is characterized by the formation of myofibroblastic nodules that can progress to palmar-digital contractures and permanent loss of dexterity. The presence of inflammatory cell infiltrate within these nodules has been interpreted to suggest a pathogenesis mediated by a proinflammatory microenvironment. However, the molecular mechanisms driving the formation of pro-fibrotic microenvironments in this and other fibroses remain unclear. To gain insights into this process, we have assessed the contributions of an alternatively spliced, multi-functional transcription factor, Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1), previously shown to be upregulated in primary myofibroblasts derived from DD tissues. Proinflammatory cytokine stimuli of DD myofibroblasts enhanced the expression of several distinct WT1 variants, the most sustained being a 5' truncated version of WT1, alternative WT1 (AWT1). Constitutive adenoviral expression of AWT1 in myofibroblasts derived from phenotypically non-fibrotic palmar fascia significantly induced the expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, including some with potential as novel therapeutic targets. In summary, these data implicate roles for sustained AWT1 expression in DD as a transcriptional driver of a proinflammatory fascial milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Luo
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada
| | - Trisiah Tugade
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada
| | - Emmy Sun
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada
| | - Ana Maria Pena Diaz
- grid.415847.b0000 0001 0556 2414Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, ON N6A 4V2 Canada
| | - David B. O’Gorman
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada ,grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada ,grid.415847.b0000 0001 0556 2414Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, ON N6A 4V2 Canada
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14
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Bontempi G, Terri M, Garbo S, Montaldo C, Mariotti D, Bordoni V, Valente S, Zwergel C, Mai A, Marchetti A, Domenici A, Menè P, Battistelli C, Tripodi M, Strippoli R. Restoration of WT1/miR-769-5p axis by HDAC1 inhibition promotes MMT reversal in mesenchymal-like mesothelial cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:965. [PMID: 36396626 PMCID: PMC9672101 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05398-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Histone acetylation/deacetylation play an essential role in modifying chromatin structure and in regulating cell plasticity in eukaryotic cells. Therefore, histone deacetylase (HDAC) pharmacological inhibitors are promising tools in the therapy of fibrotic diseases and in cancer. Peritoneal fibrosis is a pathological process characterized by many cellular and molecular alterations, including the acquisition of invasive/pro-fibrotic abilities by mesothelial cells (MCs) through induction of mesothelial to mesenchymal transition (MMT). The aim of this study was to characterize the molecular mechanism of the antifibrotic role of HDAC1 inhibition. Specifically, treatment with MS-275, an HDAC1-3 inhibitor previously known to promote MMT reversal, induced the expression of several TGFBRI mRNA-targeting miRNAs. Among them, miR-769-5p ectopic expression was sufficient to promote MMT reversal and to limit MC migration and invasion, whereas miR-769-5p silencing further enhanced mesenchymal gene expression. These results were confirmed by HDAC1 genetic silencing. Interestingly, miR-769-5p silencing maintained mesenchymal features despite HDAC1 inhibition, thus indicating that it is necessary to drive MMT reversal induced by HDAC1 inhibition. Besides TGFBRI, miR-769-5p was demonstrated to target SMAD2/3 and PAI-1 expression directly. When analyzing molecular mechanisms underlying miR-769-5p expression, we found that the transcription factor Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1), a master gene controlling MC development, binds to the miR-769-5p promoter favoring its expression. Interestingly, both WT1 expression and binding to miR-769-5p promoter were increased by HDAC1 inhibition and attenuated by TGFβ1 treatment. Finally, we explored the significance of these observations in the cell-to-cell communication: we evaluated the ability of miR-769-5p to be loaded into extracellular vesicles (EVs) and to promote MMT reversal in recipient mesenchymal-like MCs. Treatment of fibrotic MCs with EVs isolated from miR-769-5p over-expressing MCs promoted the down-regulation of specific mesenchymal targets and the reacquisition of an epithelial-like morphology. In conclusion, we highlighted an HDAC1-WT1-miR-769-5p axis potentially relevant for therapies aimed at counteracting organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bontempi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, Rome, 00149, Italy
| | - Michela Terri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, Rome, 00149, Italy
| | - Sabrina Garbo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Montaldo
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, Rome, 00149, Italy
| | - Davide Mariotti
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, Rome, 00149, Italy
| | - Veronica Bordoni
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, Rome, 00149, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marchetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Domenici
- Renal Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Menè
- Renal Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Battistelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tripodi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, Rome, 00149, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, Rome, 00149, Italy.
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15
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Wang R, Guo T, Li J. Mechanisms of Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells in Peritoneal Adhesion. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1498. [PMID: 36291710 PMCID: PMC9599397 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A peritoneal adhesion (PA) is a fibrotic tissue connecting the abdominal or visceral organs to the peritoneum. The formation of PAs can induce a variety of clinical diseases. However, there is currently no effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of PAs. Damage to peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) is believed to cause PAs by promoting inflammation, fibrin deposition, and fibrosis formation. In the early stages of PA formation, PMCs undergo mesothelial-mesenchymal transition and have the ability to produce an extracellular matrix. The PMCs may transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts and accelerate the formation of PAs. Therefore, the aim of this review was to understand the mechanism of action of PMCs in PAs, and to offer a theoretical foundation for the treatment and prevention of PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipeng Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Tiankang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Junliang Li
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
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16
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Varankar SS, Cardoso EC, Lee JH. Ex situ-armus: experimental models for combating respiratory dysfunction. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2022; 75:101946. [PMID: 35810725 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2022.101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ex situ experimental models have become a main stay in pulmonary research. Organoids and explant systems have uncovered novel stem cell subsets, served as disease models, delineated cell fate transitions, and aided high throughput pre-clinical drug screening. Integration of gene-editing and bioengineering approaches have further generated novel avenues for regenerative medicine and transplantation strategies. In this article, we highlight recent studies, aided by ex situ systems, which have contributed to significant advances in our understanding of the human lower respiratory tract. We present key observations from these studies to gain improved insights into human disease. We conclude this article with a summary of existing challenges and potential technological advances to successfully mirror human tissue physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar S Varankar
- Wellcome - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Erik C Cardoso
- Wellcome - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Joo-Hyeon Lee
- Wellcome - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EL, UK.
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17
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Matusali G, Trionfetti F, Bordoni V, Nardacci R, Falasca L, Colombo D, Terri M, Montaldo C, Castilletti C, Mariotti D, Del Nonno F, Capobianchi MR, Agrati C, Tripodi M, Strippoli R. Pleural Mesothelial Cells Modulate the Inflammatory/Profibrotic Response During SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:752616. [PMID: 34901152 PMCID: PMC8662383 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.752616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although lung fibrosis has a major impact in COVID-19 disease, its pathogenesis is incompletely understood. In particular, no direct evidence of pleura implication in COVID-19-related fibrotic damage has been reported so far. In this study, the expression of epithelial cytokeratins and Wilms tumor 1 (WT1), specific markers of mesothelial cells (MCs), was analyzed in COVID-19 and unrelated pleura autoptic samples. SARS-CoV-2 replication was analyzed by RT-PCR and confocal microscopy in MeT5A, a pleura MC line. SARS-CoV-2 receptors were analyzed by RT-PCR and western blot. Inflammatory cytokines from the supernatants of SARS-CoV-2-infected MeT5A cells were analysed by Luminex and ELLA assays. Immunohistochemistry of COVID-19 pleura patients highlighted disruption of pleura monolayer and fibrosis of the sub-mesothelial stroma, with the presence of MCs with fibroblastoid morphology in the sub-mesothelial stroma, but no evidence of direct infection in vivo. Interestingly, we found evidence of ACE2 expression in MCs from pleura of COVID-19 patients. In vitro analysis shown that MeT5A cells expressed ACE2, TMPRSS2, ADAM17 and NRP1, plasma membrane receptors implicated in SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and infectivity. Moreover, MeT5A cells sustained SARS-CoV-2 replication and productive infection. Infected MeT5A cells produced interferons, inflammatory cytokines and metalloproteases. Overall, our data highlight the potential role of pleura MCs as promoters of the fibrotic reaction and regulators of the immune response upon SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Matusali
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Trionfetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Bordoni
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Nardacci
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Falasca
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Colombo
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Terri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Montaldo
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Castilletti
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Mariotti
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Franca Del Nonno
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Agrati
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tripodi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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18
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Samarelli AV, Masciale V, Aramini B, Coló GP, Tonelli R, Marchioni A, Bruzzi G, Gozzi F, Andrisani D, Castaniere I, Manicardi L, Moretti A, Tabbì L, Guaitoli G, Cerri S, Dominici M, Clini E. Molecular Mechanisms and Cellular Contribution from Lung Fibrosis to Lung Cancer Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12179. [PMID: 34830058 PMCID: PMC8624248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD) of unknown aetiology, with a median survival of 2-4 years from the time of diagnosis. Although IPF has unknown aetiology by definition, there have been identified several risks factors increasing the probability of the onset and progression of the disease in IPF patients such as cigarette smoking and environmental risk factors associated with domestic and occupational exposure. Among them, cigarette smoking together with concomitant emphysema might predispose IPF patients to lung cancer (LC), mostly to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), increasing the risk of lung cancer development. To this purpose, IPF and LC share several cellular and molecular processes driving the progression of both pathologies such as fibroblast transition proliferation and activation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and many genetic and epigenetic markers that predispose IPF patients to LC development. Nintedanib, a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, was firstly developed as an anticancer drug and then recognized as an anti-fibrotic agent based on the common target molecular pathway. In this review our aim is to describe the updated studies on common cellular and molecular mechanisms between IPF and lung cancer, knowledge of which might help to find novel therapeutic targets for this disease combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Valeria Samarelli
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy; (A.V.S.); (V.M.); (B.A.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (G.B.); (F.G.); (D.A.); (I.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (M.D.)
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
| | - Valentina Masciale
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy; (A.V.S.); (V.M.); (B.A.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (G.B.); (F.G.); (D.A.); (I.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (M.D.)
- Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
| | - Beatrice Aramini
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy; (A.V.S.); (V.M.); (B.A.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (G.B.); (F.G.); (D.A.); (I.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (M.D.)
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine—DIMES of the Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, G.B. Morgagni—L. Pierantoni Hospital, 34 Carlo Forlanini Street, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Georgina Pamela Coló
- Laboratorio de Biología del Cáncer INIBIBB-UNS-CONICET-CCT, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina;
| | - Roberto Tonelli
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy; (A.V.S.); (V.M.); (B.A.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (G.B.); (F.G.); (D.A.); (I.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (M.D.)
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marchioni
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy; (A.V.S.); (V.M.); (B.A.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (G.B.); (F.G.); (D.A.); (I.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (M.D.)
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
| | - Giulia Bruzzi
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy; (A.V.S.); (V.M.); (B.A.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (G.B.); (F.G.); (D.A.); (I.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (M.D.)
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
| | - Filippo Gozzi
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy; (A.V.S.); (V.M.); (B.A.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (G.B.); (F.G.); (D.A.); (I.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (M.D.)
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Dario Andrisani
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy; (A.V.S.); (V.M.); (B.A.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (G.B.); (F.G.); (D.A.); (I.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (M.D.)
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Ivana Castaniere
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy; (A.V.S.); (V.M.); (B.A.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (G.B.); (F.G.); (D.A.); (I.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (M.D.)
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Linda Manicardi
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy; (A.V.S.); (V.M.); (B.A.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (G.B.); (F.G.); (D.A.); (I.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (M.D.)
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
| | - Antonio Moretti
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy; (A.V.S.); (V.M.); (B.A.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (G.B.); (F.G.); (D.A.); (I.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (M.D.)
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
| | - Luca Tabbì
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Guaitoli
- Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Cerri
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy; (A.V.S.); (V.M.); (B.A.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (G.B.); (F.G.); (D.A.); (I.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (M.D.)
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy; (A.V.S.); (V.M.); (B.A.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (G.B.); (F.G.); (D.A.); (I.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (M.D.)
- Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
| | - Enrico Clini
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy; (A.V.S.); (V.M.); (B.A.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (G.B.); (F.G.); (D.A.); (I.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (M.D.)
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
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19
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Qian G, Adeyanju O, Roy S, Sunil C, Jeffers A, Guo X, Ikebe M, Idell S, Tucker TA. DOCK2 Promotes Pleural Fibrosis by Modulating Mesothelial to Mesenchymal Transition. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 66:171-182. [PMID: 34710342 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0175oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelial to mesenchymal transition (MesoMT) is one of the crucial mechanisms underlying pleural fibrosis, which results in restrictive lung disease. DOCK2 plays important roles in immune functions, however, its role in pleural fibrosis particularly MesoMT remains unknown. We found that DOCK2 and the MesoMT maker α-SMA were significantly elevated and colocalized in the thickened pleura of patients with nonspecific pleuritis, suggesting the involvement of DOCK2 in the pathogenesis of MesoMT and pleural fibrosis. Likewise, data from three different pleural fibrosis models (TGF-β, carbon black/bleomycin, and streptococcal empyema) consistently demonstrated DOCK2 upregulation and its colocalization with α-SMA in the pleura. In addition, induced DOCK2 colocalized with the mesothelial marker calretinin, implicating DOCK2 in the regulation of MesoMT. Our in vivo data also showed that DOCK2 knockout mice were protected from Streptococcus pneumoniae induced pleural fibrosis, impaired lung compliance, and collagen deposition. To determine the involvement of DOCK2 in MesoMT, we treated primary human pleural mesothelial cells with the potent MesoMT inducer TGF-β. TGF-β significantly induced DOCK2 expression in a time-dependent manner, along with α-SMA, collagen 1, and fibronectin. Furthermore, DOCK2 knockdown significantly attenuated TGF-β induced α-SMA, collagen 1 and fibronectin expression, suggesting the importance of DOCK2 in TGF-β induced MesoMT. DOCK2 knockdown also inhibited TGF-β induced Snail upregulation, which may account for its role in regulating MesoMT. Taken together, the current study provides evidence that DOCK2 contributes to the pathogenesis of pleural fibrosis by mediating MesoMT and deposition of neomatrix and may represent a novel target for its prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Qian
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 12341, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tyler, Texas, United States;
| | - Oluwaseun Adeyanju
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 12341, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Saptarshi Roy
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 12341, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Christudas Sunil
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 12341, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Ann Jeffers
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 12341, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Xia Guo
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 12341, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Mitsuo Ikebe
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 12341, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Steven Idell
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 12341, Texas Lung Injury Institute, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Torry A Tucker
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 12341, Texas Lung Injury Institute, Tyler, Texas, United States
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20
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Gajjala PR, Kasam RK, Soundararajan D, Sinner D, Huang SK, Jegga AG, Madala SK. Dysregulated overexpression of Sox9 induces fibroblast activation in pulmonary fibrosis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e152503. [PMID: 34520400 PMCID: PMC8564901 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal fibrotic lung disease associated with unremitting fibroblast activation including fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transformation (FMT), migration, resistance to apoptotic clearance, and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the distal lung parenchyma. Aberrant activation of lung-developmental pathways is associated with severe fibrotic lung disease; however, the mechanisms through which these pathways activate fibroblasts in IPF remain unclear. Sry-box transcription factor 9 (Sox9) is a member of the high-mobility group box family of DNA-binding transcription factors that are selectively expressed by epithelial cell progenitors to modulate branching morphogenesis during lung development. We demonstrate that Sox9 is upregulated via MAPK/PI3K-dependent signaling and by the transcription factor Wilms' tumor 1 in distal lung-resident fibroblasts in IPF. Mechanistically, using fibroblast activation assays, we demonstrate that Sox9 functions as a positive regulator of FMT, migration, survival, and ECM production. Importantly, our in vivo studies demonstrate that fibroblast-specific deletion of Sox9 is sufficient to attenuate collagen deposition and improve lung function during TGF-α-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Using a mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, we show that myofibroblast-specific Sox9 overexpression augments fibroblast activation and pulmonary fibrosis. Thus, Sox9 functions as a profibrotic transcription factor in activating fibroblasts, illustrating the potential utility of targeting Sox9 in IPF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathibha R Gajjala
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine and
| | - Rajesh K Kasam
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine and
| | - Divyalakshmi Soundararajan
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine and
| | - Debora Sinner
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Divisions of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven K Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anil G Jegga
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Satish K Madala
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine and
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21
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Obacz J, Yung H, Shamseddin M, Linnane E, Liu X, Azad AA, Rassl DM, Fairen-Jimenez D, Rintoul RC, Nikolić MZ, Marciniak SJ. Biological basis for novel mesothelioma therapies. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1039-1055. [PMID: 34226685 PMCID: PMC8505556 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer that is associated with exposure to asbestos. Although asbestos is banned in several countries, including the UK, an epidemic of mesothelioma is predicted to affect middle-income countries during this century owing to their heavy consumption of asbestos. The prognosis for patients with mesothelioma is poor, reflecting a failure of conventional chemotherapy that has ultimately resulted from an inadequate understanding of its biology. However, recent work has revolutionised the study of mesothelioma, identifying genetic and pathophysiological vulnerabilities, including the loss of tumour suppressors, epigenetic dysregulation and susceptibility to nutrient stress. We discuss how this knowledge, combined with advances in immunotherapy, is enabling the development of novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Obacz
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Henry Yung
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine Rayne Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marie Shamseddin
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Saffron Walden, UK
| | - Emily Linnane
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiewen Liu
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arsalan A Azad
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Doris M Rassl
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Fairen-Jimenez
- Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert C Rintoul
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marko Z Nikolić
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine Rayne Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
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22
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Samarelli AV, Tonelli R, Marchioni A, Bruzzi G, Gozzi F, Andrisani D, Castaniere I, Manicardi L, Moretti A, Tabbì L, Cerri S, Beghè B, Dominici M, Clini E. Fibrotic Idiopathic Interstitial Lung Disease: The Molecular and Cellular Key Players. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8952. [PMID: 34445658 PMCID: PMC8396471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) that are known as diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLDs) lead to the damage of alveolar epithelium and lung parenchyma, culminating in inflammation and widespread fibrosis. ILDs that account for more than 200 different pathologies can be divided into two groups: ILDs that have a known cause and those where the cause is unknown, classified as idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP). IIPs include idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) known also as bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP), acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP), desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP), respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD), and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP). In this review, our aim is to describe the pathogenic mechanisms that lead to the onset and progression of the different IIPs, starting from IPF as the most studied, in order to find both the common and standalone molecular and cellular key players among them. Finally, a deeper molecular and cellular characterization of different interstitial lung diseases without a known cause would contribute to giving a more accurate diagnosis to the patients, which would translate to a more effective treatment decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Valeria Samarelli
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy; (A.V.S.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (G.B.); (F.G.); (D.A.); (I.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (B.B.); (M.D.)
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
| | - Roberto Tonelli
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy; (A.V.S.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (G.B.); (F.G.); (D.A.); (I.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (B.B.); (M.D.)
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marchioni
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy; (A.V.S.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (G.B.); (F.G.); (D.A.); (I.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (B.B.); (M.D.)
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
| | - Giulia Bruzzi
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy; (A.V.S.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (G.B.); (F.G.); (D.A.); (I.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (B.B.); (M.D.)
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
| | - Filippo Gozzi
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy; (A.V.S.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (G.B.); (F.G.); (D.A.); (I.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (B.B.); (M.D.)
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Dario Andrisani
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy; (A.V.S.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (G.B.); (F.G.); (D.A.); (I.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (B.B.); (M.D.)
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Ivana Castaniere
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy; (A.V.S.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (G.B.); (F.G.); (D.A.); (I.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (B.B.); (M.D.)
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Linda Manicardi
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy; (A.V.S.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (G.B.); (F.G.); (D.A.); (I.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (B.B.); (M.D.)
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
| | - Antonio Moretti
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy; (A.V.S.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (G.B.); (F.G.); (D.A.); (I.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (B.B.); (M.D.)
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
| | - Luca Tabbì
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
| | - Stefania Cerri
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy; (A.V.S.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (G.B.); (F.G.); (D.A.); (I.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (B.B.); (M.D.)
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
| | - Bianca Beghè
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy; (A.V.S.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (G.B.); (F.G.); (D.A.); (I.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (B.B.); (M.D.)
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy; (A.V.S.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (G.B.); (F.G.); (D.A.); (I.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (B.B.); (M.D.)
- Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico Clini
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy; (A.V.S.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (G.B.); (F.G.); (D.A.); (I.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (B.B.); (M.D.)
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
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23
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Wilm TP, Tanton H, Mutter F, Foisor V, Middlehurst B, Ward K, Benameur T, Hastie N, Wilm B. Restricted differentiative capacity of Wt1-expressing peritoneal mesothelium in postnatal and adult mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15940. [PMID: 34354169 PMCID: PMC8342433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, genetic lineage tracing based on the mesothelial marker Wt1, appeared to show that peritoneal mesothelial cells have a range of differentiative capacities and are the direct progenitors of vascular smooth muscle in the intestine. However, it was not clear whether this was a temporally limited process or continued throughout postnatal life. Here, using a conditional Wt1-based genetic lineage tracing approach, we demonstrate that the postnatal and adult peritoneum covering intestine, mesentery and body wall only maintained itself and failed to contribute to other visceral tissues. Pulse-chase experiments of up to 6 months revealed that Wt1-expressing cells remained confined to the peritoneum and failed to differentiate into cellular components of blood vessels or other tissues underlying the peritoneum. Our data confirmed that the Wt1-lineage system also labelled submesothelial cells. Ablation of Wt1 in adult mice did not result in changes to the intestinal wall architecture. In the heart, we observed that Wt1-expressing cells maintained the epicardium and contributed to coronary vessels in newborn and adult mice. Our results demonstrate that Wt1-expressing cells in the peritoneum have limited differentiation capacities, and that contribution of Wt1-expressing cells to cardiac vasculature is based on organ-specific mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Wilm
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helen Tanton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Fiona Mutter
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,ZIK Plasmatis "Plasma Redox Effects", Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Veronica Foisor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Ben Middlehurst
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kelly Ward
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tarek Benameur
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicholas Hastie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bettina Wilm
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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24
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Zhou LL, Cheng PP, He XL, Liang LM, Wang M, Lu YZ, Song LJ, Xiong L, Xiang F, Yu F, Wang X, Xin JB, Greer PA, Su Y, Ma WL, Ye H. Pleural mesothelial cell migration into lung parenchyma by calpain contributes to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:566-579. [PMID: 34231213 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is defined as a specific form of chronic, progressive fibrosing interstitial pneumonia. It is unknown why fibrosis in IPF distributes in the peripheral or named sub-pleural area. Migration of pleural mesothelial cells (PMC) should contribute to sub-pleural fibrosis. Calpain is known to be involved in cell migration, but the role of calpain in PMC migration has not been investigated. In this study, we found that PMCs migrated into lung parenchyma in patients with IPF. Then using Wt1tm1(EGFP/Cre)Wtp /J knock-in mice, we observed PMC migration into lung parenchyma in bleomycin-induced pleural fibrosis models, and calpain inhibitor attenuated pulmonary fibrosis with prevention of PMC migration. In vitro studies revealed that bleomycin and transforming growth factor-β1 increased calpain activity in PMCs, and activated calpain-mediated focal adhesion (FA) turnover as well as cell migration, cell proliferation, and collagen-I synthesis. Furthermore, we determined that calpain cleaved FA kinase in both C-terminal and N-terminal regions, which mediated FA turnover. Lastly, the data revealed that activated calpain was also involved in phosphorylation of cofilin-1, and p-cofilin-1 induced PMC migration. Taken together, this study provides evidence that calpain mediates PMC migration into lung parenchyma to promote sub-pleural fibrosis in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ling Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei-Pei Cheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin-Liang He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Mei Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Zhi Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin-Jie Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Xiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Bao Xin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Peter A Greer
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Health Commission of China, Wuhan, China
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25
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Samarelli AV, Tonelli R, Heijink I, Martin Medina A, Marchioni A, Bruzzi G, Castaniere I, Andrisani D, Gozzi F, Manicardi L, Moretti A, Cerri S, Fantini R, Tabbì L, Nani C, Mastrolia I, Weiss DJ, Dominici M, Clini E. Dissecting the Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Cause or Solution. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:692551. [PMID: 34290610 PMCID: PMC8287856 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.692551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is one of the most aggressive forms of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, characterized by chronic and progressive fibrosis subverting the lung's architecture, pulmonary functional decline, progressive respiratory failure, and high mortality (median survival 3 years after diagnosis). Among the mechanisms associated with disease onset and progression, it has been hypothesized that IPF lungs might be affected either by a regenerative deficit of the alveolar epithelium or by a dysregulation of repair mechanisms in response to alveolar and vascular damage. This latter might be related to the progressive dysfunction and exhaustion of the resident stem cells together with a process of cellular and tissue senescence. The role of endogenous mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) resident in the lung in the homeostasis of these mechanisms is still a matter of debate. Although endogenous MSCs may play a critical role in lung repair, they are also involved in cellular senescence and tissue ageing processes with loss of lung regenerative potential. In addition, MSCs have immunomodulatory properties and can secrete anti-fibrotic factors. Thus, MSCs obtained from other sources administered systemically or directly into the lung have been investigated for lung epithelial repair and have been explored as a potential therapy for the treatment of lung diseases including IPF. Given these multiple potential roles of MSCs, this review aims both at elucidating the role of resident lung MSCs in IPF pathogenesis and the role of administered MSCs from other sources for potential IPF therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Valeria Samarelli
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto Tonelli
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Irene Heijink
- University of Groningen, Departments of Pathology & Medical Biology and Pulmonology, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Aina Martin Medina
- IdISBa (Institut d’Investigacio Sanitaria Illes Balears), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alessandro Marchioni
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Bruzzi
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Ivana Castaniere
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Dario Andrisani
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Filippo Gozzi
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Linda Manicardi
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Moretti
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Cerri
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Fantini
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Tabbì
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Nani
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Ilenia Mastrolia
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniel J. Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico Clini
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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26
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Gilbert RM, Schappell LE, Gleghorn JP. Defective mesothelium and limited physical space are drivers of dysregulated lung development in a genetic model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Development 2021; 148:dev199460. [PMID: 34015093 PMCID: PMC8180258 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a developmental disorder associated with diaphragm defects and lung hypoplasia. The etiology of CDH is complex and its clinical presentation is variable. We investigated the role of the pulmonary mesothelium in dysregulated lung growth noted in the Wt1 knockout mouse model of CDH. Loss of WT1 leads to intrafetal effusions, altered lung growth, and branching defects prior to normal closure of the diaphragm. We found significant differences in key genes; however, when Wt1 null lungs were cultured ex vivo, growth and branching were indistinguishable from wild-type littermates. Micro-CT imaging of embryos in situ within the uterus revealed a near absence of space in the dorsal chest cavity, but no difference in total chest cavity volume in Wt1 null embryos, indicating a redistribution of pleural space. The altered space and normal ex vivo growth suggest that physical constraints are contributing to the CDH lung phenotype observed in this mouse model. These studies emphasize the importance of examining the mesothelium and chest cavity as a whole, rather than focusing on single organs in isolation to understand early CDH etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Gilbert
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716,USA
| | - Laurel E. Schappell
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716,USA
| | - Jason P. Gleghorn
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716,USA
- Departments of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716,USA
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27
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Zwicky SN, Stroka D, Zindel J. Sterile Injury Repair and Adhesion Formation at Serosal Surfaces. Front Immunol 2021; 12:684967. [PMID: 34054877 PMCID: PMC8160448 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.684967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most multicellular organisms have a major body cavity containing vital organs. This cavity is lined by a mucosa-like serosal surface and filled with serous fluid which suspends many immune cells. Injuries affecting the major body cavity are potentially life-threatening. Here we summarize evidence that unique damage detection and repair mechanisms have evolved to ensure immediate and swift repair of injuries at serosal surfaces. Furthermore, thousands of patients undergo surgery within the abdominal and thoracic cavities each day. While these surgeries are potentially lifesaving, some patients will suffer complications due to inappropriate scar formation when wound healing at serosal surfaces defects. These scars called adhesions cause profound challenges for health care systems and patients. Therefore, reviewing the mechanisms of wound repair at serosal surfaces is of clinical importance. Serosal surfaces will be introduced with a short embryological and microanatomical perspective followed by a discussion of the mechanisms of damage recognition and initiation of sterile inflammation at serosal surfaces. Distinct immune cells populations are free floating within the coelomic (peritoneal) cavity and contribute towards damage recognition and initiation of wound repair. We will highlight the emerging role of resident cavity GATA6+ macrophages in repairing serosal injuries and compare serosal (mesothelial) injuries with injuries to the blood vessel walls. This allows to draw some parallels such as the critical role of the mesothelium in regulating fibrin deposition and how peritoneal macrophages can aggregate in a platelet-like fashion in response to sterile injury. Then, we discuss how serosal wound healing can go wrong, causing adhesions. The current pathogenetic understanding of and potential future therapeutic avenues against adhesions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone N Zwicky
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Stroka
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joel Zindel
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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28
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and progressive lung disease involving unclear pathological mechanisms. The present review presents and discusses the major and recent advances in our knowledge of the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. RECENT FINDINGS The past months have deepened our understanding on the cellular actors of fibrosis with a better characterization of the abnormal lung epithelial cells observed during lung fibrosis. Better insight has been gained into fibroblast biology and the role of immune cells during fibrosis. Mechanistically, senescence appears as a key driver of the fibrotic process. Extracellular vesicles have been discovered as participating in the impaired cellular cross-talk during fibrosis and deeper understanding has been made on developmental signaling in lung fibrosis. SUMMARY This review emphasizes the contribution of different cell types and mechanisms during pulmonary fibrosis, highlights new insights for identification of potential therapeutic strategies, and underlines where future research is needed to answer remaining open questions.
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29
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Hu Q, Xia X, Kang X, Song P, Liu Z, Wang M, Lu X, Guan W, Liu S. A review of physiological and cellular mechanisms underlying fibrotic postoperative adhesion. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:298-306. [PMID: 33390851 PMCID: PMC7757036 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.54403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative adhesions (PA) are fibrotic tissues that are the most common driver of long-term morbidity after abdominal and pelvic surgery. The optimal drug or material to prevent adhesion formation has not yet been discovered. Comprehensive understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms of adhesion process stimulates the design of future anti-adhesive strategies. Recently, disruption of peritoneal mesothelial cells were suggested as the 'motor' of PA formation, followed by a cascade of events (coagulation, inflammation, fibrinolysis) and influx of various immune cells, ultimately leading to a fibrous exudate. We showed that a variety of immune cells were recruited into adhesive peritoneal tissues in patients with small bowel obstruction caused by PA. The interactions among various types of immune cells contribute to PA development following peritoneal trauma. Our review focuses on the specific role of different immune cells in cellular and humoral mechanisms underpinning adhesion development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyuan Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School
| | - Xuefeng Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School
| | - Xing Kang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School
| | - Zhijian Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School
| | - Wenxian Guan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School
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30
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Kaur G, Singh K, Maremanda KP, Li D, Chand HS, Rahman I. Differential plasma exosomal long non-coding RNAs expression profiles and their emerging role in E-cigarette users, cigarette, waterpipe, and dual smokers. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243065. [PMID: 33290406 PMCID: PMC7723270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are the varied set of transcripts that play a critical role in biological processes like gene regulation, transcription, post-transcriptional modification, and chromatin remodeling. Recent studies have reported the presence of lncRNAs in the exosomes that are involved in regulating cell-to-cell communication in lung pathologies including lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In this study, we compared the lncRNA profiles in the plasma-derived exosomes amongst non-smokers (NS), cigarette smokers (CS), E-cig users (E-cig), waterpipe smokers (WP) and dual smokers (CSWP) using GeneChip™ WT Pico kit for transcriptional profiling. We found alterations in a distinct set of lncRNAs among subjects exposed to E-cig vapor, cigarette smoke, waterpipe smoke and dual smoke with some overlaps. Gene enrichment analyses of the differentially expressed lncRNAs demonstrated enrichment in the lncRNAs involved in crucial biological processes including steroid metabolism, cell differentiation and proliferation. Thus, the characterized lncRNA profiles of the plasma-derived exosomes from smokers, vapers, waterpipe users, and dual smokers will help identify the biomarkers relevant to chronic lung diseases such as COPD, asthma or IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Kaur
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Kameshwar Singh
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Krishna P. Maremanda
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Clinical & Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Hitendra S. Chand
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Yan D, Liu X, Xu H, Guo SW. Mesothelial Cells Participate in Endometriosis Fibrogenesis Through Platelet-Induced Mesothelial-Mesenchymal Transition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5894452. [PMID: 32813013 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT While fibrosis in endometriosis has recently loomed prominently, the sources of myofibroblasts, the principal effector cell in fibrotic diseases, remain largely obscure. Mesothelial cells (MCs) can be converted into myofibroblasts through mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MMT) in many fibrotic diseases and adhesion. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether MCs contribute to the progression and fibrogenesis in endometriosis through MMT. SETTING, DESIGN, PATIENTS, INTERVENTION, AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Dual immunofluorescence staining and immunohistochemistry using antibodies against calretinin, Wilms' tumor-1 (WT-1), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were performed on lesion samples from 30 patients each with ovarian endometrioma (OE) and deep endometriosis (DE), and 30 normal endometrial (NE) tissue samples. Human pleural and peritoneal MCs were co-cultured with activated platelets or control medium with and without neutralization of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and/or platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and their morphology, proliferation, and expression levels of genes and proteins known to be involved in MMT were evaluated, along with their migratory and invasive propensity, contractility, and collagen production. RESULTS The number of calretinin/WT-1 and α-SMA dual-positive fibroblasts in OE/DE lesions was significantly higher than NE samples. The extent of lesional fibrosis correlated positively with the lesional α-SMA staining levels. Human MCs co-cultured with activated platelets acquire a morphology suggestive of MMT, concomitant with increased proliferation, loss of calretinin expression, and marked increase in expression of mesenchymal markers. These changes coincided with functional differentiation as reflected by increased migratory and invasive capacity, contractility, and collagen production. Neutralization of TGF-β1 and PDGFR signaling abolished platelet-induced MMT in MCs. CONCLUSIONS MCs contribute to lesional progression and fibrosis through platelet-induced MMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingmin Yan
- Shanghai OB/GYN Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xishi Liu
- Shanghai OB/GYN Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sun-Wei Guo
- Shanghai OB/GYN Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Crosstalk between pleural mesothelial cell and lung fibroblast contributes to pulmonary fibrosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118806. [PMID: 32739525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a specific form of chronic, progressive and fibrosing interstitial pneumonia of unknown cause. The main feature of IPF is a heterogeneous appearance with areas of sub-pleural fibrosis. However, the mechanism of sub-pleural fibrosis was poorly understood. In this study, our in vivo study revealed that pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) migrated into lung parenchyma and localized alongside lung fibroblasts in sub-pleural area in mouse pulmonary fibrosis. Our in vitro study displayed that cultured-PMCs-medium induced lung fibroblasts transforming into myofibroblast, cultured-fibroblasts-medium promoted mesothelial-mesenchymal transition of PMCs. Furthermore, these changes in lung fibroblasts and PMCs were prevented by blocking TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling with SB431542. TGF-β1 neutralized antibody attenuated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Similar to TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling, wnt/β-catenin signaling was also activated in the process of PMCs crosstalk with lung fibroblasts. Moreover, inhibition of CD147 attenuated cultured-PMCs-medium induced collagen-I synthesis in lung fibroblasts. Blocking CD147 signaling also prevented bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Our data indicated that crosstalk between PMC and lung fibroblast contributed to sub-pleural pulmonary fibrosis. TGF-β1, Wnt/β-catenin and CD147 signaling was involved in the underling mechanism.
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The pleural mesothelium and transforming growth factor-β1 pathways in restrictive allograft syndrome: A pre-clinical investigation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019; 38:570-579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Surolia R, Li FJ, Wang Z, Li H, Dsouza K, Thomas V, Mirov S, Pérez-Sala D, Athar M, Thannickal VJ, Antony VB. Vimentin intermediate filament assembly regulates fibroblast invasion in fibrogenic lung injury. JCI Insight 2019; 4:123253. [PMID: 30944258 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease, with a median survival of 3-5 years following diagnosis. Lung remodeling by invasive fibroblasts is a hallmark of IPF. In this study, we demonstrate that inhibition of vimentin intermediate filaments (VimIFs) decreases the invasiveness of IPF fibroblasts and confers protection against fibrosis in a murine model of experimental lung injury. Increased expression and organization of VimIFs contribute to the invasive property of IPF fibroblasts in connection with deficient cellular autophagy. Blocking VimIF assembly by pharmacologic and genetic means also increases autophagic clearance of collagen type I. Furthermore, inhibition of expression of collagen type I by siRNA decreased invasiveness of fibroblasts. In a bleomycin injury model, enhancing autophagy in fibroblasts by an inhibitor of VimIF assembly, withaferin A (WFA), protected from fibrotic lung injury. Additionally, in 3D lung organoids, or pulmospheres, from patients with IPF, WFA reduced the invasiveness of lung fibroblasts in the majority of subjects tested. These studies provide insights into the functional role of vimentin, which regulates autophagy and restricts the invasiveness of lung fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranu Surolia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Fu Jun Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Zheng Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Huashi Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Kevin Dsouza
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Vinoy Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and
| | - Sergey Mirov
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Dolores Pérez-Sala
- Department of Structural and Chemical and Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, UAB, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Veena B Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
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Ramírez-Hernández C, García-Márquez LJ, Decanini-Arcaute H, Martínez-Burnes J, Ramírez-Romero R. Fat, Cartilage, and Bone Metaplasia in Lungs of Cattle With Caudal Pleural Lesions and Subjacent Interstitial Fibrosis. Vet Pathol 2019; 56:599-603. [PMID: 30917746 DOI: 10.1177/0300985819837719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The changes associated with condemned lungs in cattle with chronic pleural lesions of the caudal lobes were characterized by histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Fibroproliferative pleural lesions were microscopically confirmed. Occasionally, the pleural lesions also included adipose, chondroid, and osseous metaplasia that were covered by mesothelial cells, mostly in the absence of inflammation. Other lungs also showed fibrosis in the subpleural interstitium and interlobular septa. In both condemned and noncondemned lungs, immunoreactivity to Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) was normally observed on surface mesothelial cells but not on the submesothelial fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Conversely, the myofibroblasts beneath the pleura, but not the mesothelial cells, showed immunoreactivity to alpha smooth muscle actin and calponin. However, in the lungs with myofibroblastic foci in the pleura, the proliferated cells maintained WT1 immunoreactivity similar to those of some metaplastic cells. These findings may reflect the plasticity of mesothelial cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Ramírez-Hernández
- 1 Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Posgrado Conjunto Agronomía-Veterinaria, Gral. Escobedo, Nuevo Leon, México
| | - Luis Jorge García-Márquez
- 2 Centro Universitario de Investigación y Desarrollo Agropecuario (CUIDA), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad de Colima, México
| | - Horacio Decanini-Arcaute
- 3 Departamento de Patología, Hospital Christus-Muguerza Alta Especialidad, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, México
| | - Julio Martínez-Burnes
- 4 Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia "Dr. Norberto Treviño Zapata", Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, México
| | - Rafael Ramírez-Romero
- 1 Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Posgrado Conjunto Agronomía-Veterinaria, Gral. Escobedo, Nuevo Leon, México
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miR-4739 mediates pleural fibrosis by targeting bone morphogenetic protein 7. EBioMedicine 2019; 41:670-682. [PMID: 30850350 PMCID: PMC6443597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleural fibrosis is defined as excessive depositions of matrix components that result in pleural tissue architecture destruction and dysfunction. In severe cases, the progression of pleural fibrosis leads to lung entrapment, resulting in dyspnea and respiratory failure. However, the mechanism of pleural fibrosis is poorly understood. METHODS miR-4739 levels were detected by miRNA array and real-time PCR. Real-time PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to identify the expression profile of indicators related to fibrosis. Target gene of miR-4739 and promoter activity assay was measured by using dual-luciferase reporter assay system. In vivo, pleural fibrosis was evaluated by Masson staining and miR-4739 level was detected by In situ hybridization histochemistry. FINDINGS We found that bleomycin induced up-regulation of miR-4739 in pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs). Over-regulated miR-4739 mediated mesothelial-mesenchymal transition and increased collagen-I synthesis in PMCs. Investigation on the clinical specimens revealed that high levels of miR-4739 and low levels of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) associated with pleural fibrosis in patients. Then we next identified that miR-4739 targeted and down-regulated BMP-7 which further resulted in unbalance between Smad1/5/9 and Smad2/3 signaling. Lastly, in vivo studies revealed that miR-4739 over-expression induced pleural fibrosis, and exogenous BMP-7 prevented pleural fibrosis in mice. INTERPRETATION Our data indicated that miR-4739 targets BMP-7 which mediates pleural fibrosis. The miR-4739/BMP-7 axis is a promising therapeutic target for the disease. FUND: The National Natural Science Foundation of China.
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Sontake V, Gajjala PR, Kasam RK, Madala SK. New therapeutics based on emerging concepts in pulmonary fibrosis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 23:69-81. [PMID: 30468628 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1552262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fibrosis is an irreversible pathological endpoint in many chronic diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and often fatal condition characterized by (myo)fibroblast proliferation and transformation in the lung, expansion of the extracellular matrix, and extensive remodeling of the lung parenchyma. Recent evidence indicates that IPF prevalence and mortality rates are growing in the United States and elsewhere. Despite decades of research on the pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis, few therapeutics have succeeded in the clinic, and they have failed to improve IPF patient survival. Areas covered: Based on a literature search and our own results, we discuss the key cellular and molecular responses that contribute to (myo)fibroblast actions and pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis; this includes signaling pathways in various cells that aberrantly and persistently activate (myo)fibroblasts in fibrotic lesions and promote scar tissue formation in the lung. Expert opinion: Lessons learned from recent failures and successes with new therapeutics point toward approaches that can target multiple pro-fibrotic processes in IPF. Advances in preclinical modeling and single-cell genomics will also accelerate novel discoveries for effective treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwaraj Sontake
- a Department of Pediatrics , University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b Division of Pulmonary Medicine , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Prathibha R Gajjala
- a Department of Pediatrics , University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b Division of Pulmonary Medicine , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Rajesh K Kasam
- a Department of Pediatrics , University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b Division of Pulmonary Medicine , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Satish K Madala
- a Department of Pediatrics , University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b Division of Pulmonary Medicine , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
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Mesothelial to mesenchyme transition as a major developmental and pathological player in trunk organs and their cavities. Commun Biol 2018; 1:170. [PMID: 30345394 PMCID: PMC6191446 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The internal organs embedded in the cavities are lined by an epithelial monolayer termed the mesothelium. The mesothelium is increasingly implicated in driving various internal organ pathologies, as many of the normal embryonic developmental pathways acting in mesothelial cells, such as those regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, also drive disease progression in adult life. Here, we summarize observations from different animal models and organ systems that collectively point toward a central role of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in driving tissue fibrosis, acute scarring, and cancer metastasis. Thus, drugs targeting pathways of mesothelium’s transition may have broad therapeutic benefits in patients suffering from these diseases. Tim Koopmans and Yuval Rinkevich review recent findings linking the mesothelium’s embryonic programs that drive epithelial-to-mesenchyme transition with adult pathologies, such as fibrosis, acute scarring, and cancer metastasis. They highlight new avenues for drug development that would target pathways of the mesothelium’s mesenchymal transition.
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Sontake V, Kasam RK, Sinner D, Korfhagen TR, Reddy GB, White ES, Jegga AG, Madala SK. Wilms' tumor 1 drives fibroproliferation and myofibroblast transformation in severe fibrotic lung disease. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121252. [PMID: 30135315 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) is a critical transcriptional regulator of mesothelial cells during lung development but is downregulated in postnatal stages and adult lungs. We recently showed that WT1 is upregulated in both mesothelial cells and mesenchymal cells in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a fatal fibrotic lung disease. Although WT1-positive cell accumulation leading to severe fibrotic lung disease has been studied, the role of WT1 in fibroblast activation and pulmonary fibrosis remains elusive. Here, we show that WT1 functions as a positive regulator of fibroblast activation, including fibroproliferation, myofibroblast transformation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) production. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that WT1 binds directly to the promoter DNA sequence of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) to induce myofibroblast transformation. In support, the genetic lineage tracing identifies WT1 as a key driver of mesothelial-to-myofibroblast and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transformation. Importantly, the partial loss of WT1 was sufficient to attenuate myofibroblast accumulation and pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. Further, our coculture studies show that WT1 upregulation leads to non-cell autonomous effects on neighboring cells. Thus, our data uncovered a pathogenic role of WT1 in IPF by promoting fibroblast activation in the peripheral areas of the lung and as a target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwaraj Sontake
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rajesh K Kasam
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Debora Sinner
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas R Korfhagen
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Geereddy B Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Eric S White
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anil G Jegga
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Satish K Madala
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Abstract
Stellate cells are resident lipid-storing cells of the pancreas and liver that transdifferentiate to a myofibroblastic state in the context of tissue injury. Beyond having roles in tissue homeostasis, stellate cells are increasingly implicated in pathological fibrogenic and inflammatory programs that contribute to tissue fibrosis and that constitute a growth-permissive tumor microenvironment. Although the capacity of stellate cells for extracellular matrix production and remodeling has long been appreciated, recent research efforts have demonstrated diverse roles for stellate cells in regulation of epithelial cell fate, immune modulation, and tissue health. Our present understanding of stellate cell biology in health and disease is discussed here, as are emerging means to target these multifaceted cells for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara H Sherman
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA;
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41
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Namvar S, Woolf AS, Zeef LA, Wilm T, Wilm B, Herrick SE. Functional molecules in mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition revealed by transcriptome analyses. J Pathol 2018; 245:491-501. [PMID: 29774544 PMCID: PMC6055603 DOI: 10.1002/path.5101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis is a common complication of abdominal and pelvic surgery, and can also be triggered by peritoneal dialysis, resulting in treatment failure. In these settings, fibrosis is driven by activated myofibroblasts that are considered to be partly derived by mesothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (MMT). We hypothesized that, if the molecular signature of MMT could be better defined, these insights could be exploited to block this pathological cellular transition. Rat peritoneal mesothelial cells were purified by the use of an antibody against HBME1, a protein present on mesothelial cell microvilli, and streptavidin nanobead technology. After exposure of sorted cells to a well‐known mediator of MMT, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, RNA sequencing was undertaken to define the transcriptomes of mesothelial cells before and during early‐phase MMT. MMT was associated with dysregulation of transcripts encoding molecules involved in insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling. The application of either recombinant BMP4 or IGF‐binding protein 4 (IGFBP4) ameliorated TGF‐β1‐induced MMT in culture, as judged from the retention of epithelial morphological and molecular phenotypes, and reduced migration. Furthermore, peritoneal tissue from peritoneal dialysis patients showed less prominent immunostaining than control tissue for IGFBP4 and BMP4 on the peritoneal surface. In a mouse model of TGF‐β1‐induced peritoneal thickening, BMP4 immunostaining on the peritoneal surface was attenuated as compared with healthy controls. Finally, genetic lineage tracing of mesothelial cells was used in mice with peritoneal injury. In this model, administration of BMP4 ameliorated the injury‐induced shape change and migration of mesothelial cells. Our findings demonstrate a distinctive MMT signature, and highlight the therapeutic potential for BMP4, and possibly IGFBP4, to reduce MMT. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Namvar
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Adrian S Woolf
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Leo Ah Zeef
- The Bioinformatics Core Facility, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas Wilm
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bettina Wilm
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sarah E Herrick
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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Platelets play an essential role in murine lung development through Clec-2/podoplanin interaction. Blood 2018; 132:1167-1179. [PMID: 29853539 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-12-823369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets participate in not only thrombosis and hemostasis but also other pathophysiological processes, including tumor metastasis and inflammation. However, the putative role of platelets in the development of solid organs has not yet been described. Here, we report that platelets regulate lung development through the interaction between the platelet-activation receptor, C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (Clec-2; encoded by Clec1b), and its ligand, podoplanin, a membrane protein. Clec-2 deletion in mouse platelets led to lung malformation, which caused respiratory failure and neonatal lethality. In these embryos, α-smooth muscle actin-positive alveolar duct myofibroblasts (adMYFs) were almost absent in the primary alveolar septa, which resulted in loss of alveolar elastic fibers and lung malformation. Our data suggest that the lack of adMYFs is caused by abnormal differentiation of lung mesothelial cells (luMCs), the major progenitor of adMYFs. In the developing lung, podoplanin expression is detected in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), luMCs, and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). LEC-specific podoplanin knockout mice showed neonatal lethality and Clec1b-/--like lung developmental abnormalities. Notably, these Clec1b-/--like lung abnormalities were also observed after thrombocytopenia or transforming growth factor-β depletion in fetuses. We propose that the interaction between Clec-2 on platelets and podoplanin on LECs stimulates adMYF differentiation of luMCs through transforming growth factor-β signaling, thus regulating normal lung development.
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Schelch K, Wagner C, Hager S, Pirker C, Siess K, Lang E, Lin R, Kirschner MB, Mohr T, Brcic L, Marian B, Holzmann K, Grasl-Kraupp B, Krupitza G, Laszlo V, Klikovits T, Dome B, Hegedus B, Garay T, Reid G, van Zandwijk N, Klepetko W, Berger W, Grusch M, Hoda MA. FGF2 and EGF induce epithelial–mesenchymal transition in malignant pleural mesothelioma cells via a MAPKinase/MMP1 signal. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:534-545. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Schelch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute (ADRI), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina Wagner
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Hager
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Pirker
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Siess
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Lang
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruby Lin
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute (ADRI), Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Thomas Mohr
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luka Brcic
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Brigitte Marian
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Holzmann
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Grasl-Kraupp
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Krupitza
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Laszlo
- Translational Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Klikovits
- Translational Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna
| | - Balazs Dome
- Translational Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna
- Department of Tumor Biology, National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balazs Hegedus
- Translational Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna
- MTA-SE Molecular Oncology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, University Clinic Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tamas Garay
- MTA-SE Molecular Oncology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Glen Reid
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute (ADRI), Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nico van Zandwijk
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute (ADRI), Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Walter Klepetko
- Translational Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Grusch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mir Alireza Hoda
- Translational Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna
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Yazdani S, Bansal R, Prakash J. Drug targeting to myofibroblasts: Implications for fibrosis and cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 121:101-116. [PMID: 28720422 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Myofibroblasts are the key players in extracellular matrix remodeling, a core phenomenon in numerous devastating fibrotic diseases. Not only in organ fibrosis, but also the pivotal role of myofibroblasts in tumor progression, invasion and metastasis has recently been highlighted. Myofibroblast targeting has gained tremendous attention in order to inhibit the progression of incurable fibrotic diseases, or to limit the myofibroblast-induced tumor progression and metastasis. In this review, we outline the origin of myofibroblasts, their general characteristics and functions during fibrosis progression in three major organs: liver, kidneys and lungs as well as in cancer. We will then discuss the state-of-the art drug targeting technologies to myofibroblasts in context of the above-mentioned organs and tumor microenvironment. The overall objective of this review is therefore to advance our understanding in drug targeting to myofibroblasts, and concurrently identify opportunities and challenges for designing new strategies to develop novel diagnostics and therapeutics against fibrosis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Yazdani
- Targeted Therapeutics Division, Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Targeted Therapeutics Division, Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Targeted Therapeutics Division, Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; ScarTec Therapeutics BV, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Kaverina NV, Eng DG, Largent AD, Daehn I, Chang A, Gross KW, Pippin JW, Hohenstein P, Shankland SJ. WT1 Is Necessary for the Proliferation and Migration of Cells of Renin Lineage Following Kidney Podocyte Depletion. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1152-1166. [PMID: 28966119 PMCID: PMC5639431 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms' tumor suppressor 1 (WT1) plays an important role in cell proliferation and mesenchymal-epithelial balance in normal development and disease. Here, we show that following podocyte depletion in three experimental models, and in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and membranous nephropathy, WT1 increased significantly in cells of renin lineage (CoRL). In an animal model of FSGS in RenWt1fl/fl reporter mice with inducible deletion of WT1 in CoRL, CoRL proliferation and migration to the glomerulus was reduced, and glomerular disease was worse compared with wild-type mice. To become podocytes, CoRL undergo mesenchymal-to-epithelial transformation (MET), typified by reduced staining for mesenchymal markers (MYH11, SM22, αSMA) and de novo expression of epithelial markers (E-cadherin and cytokeratin18). Evidence for changes in MET markers was barely detected in RenWt1fl/fl mice. Our results show that following podocyte depletion, WT1 plays essential roles in CoRL proliferation and migration toward an adult podocyte fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya V Kaverina
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Diana G Eng
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Andrea D Largent
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ilse Daehn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Anthony Chang
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kenneth W Gross
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Peter Hohenstein
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Stuart J Shankland
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Justet A, Joannes A, Besnard V, Marchal-Sommé J, Jaillet M, Bonniaud P, Sallenave JM, Solhonne B, Castier Y, Mordant P, Mal H, Cazes A, Borie R, Mailleux AA, Crestani B. FGF9 prevents pleural fibrosis induced by intrapleural adenovirus injection in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L781-L795. [PMID: 28729349 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00508.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is necessary for fetal lung development and is expressed by epithelium and mesothelium. We evaluated the role of FGF9 overexpression on adenoviral-induced pleural injury in vivo and determined the biological effects of FGF9 on mesothelial cells in vitro. We assessed the expression of FGF9 and FGF receptors by mesothelial cells in both human and mouse lungs. Intrapleural injection of an adenovirus expressing human FGF9 (AdFGF9) or a control adenovirus (AdCont) was performed. Mice were euthanized at days 3, 5, and 14 Expression of FGF9 and markers of inflammation and myofibroblastic differentiation was studied by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. In vitro, rat mesothelial cells were stimulated with FGF9 (20 ng/ml), and we assessed its effect on proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation. FGF9 was expressed by mesothelial cells in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. FGF receptors, mainly FGFR3, were expressed by mesothelial cells in vivo in humans and mice. AdCont instillation induced diffuse pleural thickening appearing at day 5, maximal at day 14 The altered pleura cells strongly expressed α-smooth muscle actin and collagen. AdFGF9 injection induced maximal FGF9 expression at day 5 that lasted until day 14 FGF9 overexpression prevented pleural thickening, collagen and fibronectin accumulation, and myofibroblastic differentiation of mesothelial cells. In vitro, FGF9 decreased mesothelial cell migration and inhibited the differentiating effect of transforming growth factor-β1. We conclude that FGF9 has a potential antifibrotic effect on mesothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Justet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Joannes
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Besnard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Marchal-Sommé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Madeleine Jaillet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Philipe Bonniaud
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U866, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Jean Michel Sallenave
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Solhonne
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Yves Castier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Vasculaire, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Mordant
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Vasculaire, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Mal
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie et Transplantation, Paris, France; and
| | - Aurélie Cazes
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Département d'Anatomie Pathologique, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Borie
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud A Mailleux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Crestani
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France; .,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, Paris, France
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Habiel DM, Hogaboam CM. Heterogeneity of Fibroblasts and Myofibroblasts in Pulmonary Fibrosis. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 5:101-110. [PMID: 29082111 PMCID: PMC5654579 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-017-0134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is the most common form of interstitial lung diseases of unknown eathiopathogenesis, mean survival of 3-5 years and limited therapeutics. Characterized by a loss of alveolar type II epithelial cells and aberrant activation of stromal cells, considerable effort was undertaken to characterize the origin and activation mechanisms of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in IPF lungs. In this review, the origin and contribution of fibroblast and myofibroblasts in lung fibrosis will be summarized. RECENT FINDINGS Lineage tracing experiments suggested that interstitial lung fibroblasts and lipofibroblasts, pericytes and mesothelial cells differentiate into myofibroblasts. However, epithelial and bone marrow derived cells may give rise to collagen expressing fibroblasts but do not differentiate into myofibroblasts. SUMMARY There is great heterogeneity in fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in fibrotic lungs. Further, there is evidence for the expansion of pericyte derived myofibroblasts and loss of lipofibroblasts and lipofibroblast derived myofibroblasts in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Habiel
- Department of Medicine and Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Cory M. Hogaboam
- Department of Medicine and Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
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48
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Wang M, Zhao J, Zhang L, Wei F, Lian Y, Wu Y, Gong Z, Zhang S, Zhou J, Cao K, Li X, Xiong W, Li G, Zeng Z, Guo C. Role of tumor microenvironment in tumorigenesis. J Cancer 2017; 8:761-773. [PMID: 28382138 PMCID: PMC5381164 DOI: 10.7150/jca.17648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 940] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a complex and dynamic process, consisting of three stages: initiation, progression, and metastasis. Tumors are encircled by extracellular matrix (ECM) and stromal cells, and the physiological state of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is closely connected to every step of tumorigenesis. Evidence suggests that the vital components of the TME are fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, neuroendocrine cells, adipose cells, immune and inflammatory cells, the blood and lymphatic vascular networks, and ECM. This manuscript, based on the current studies of the TME, offers a more comprehensive overview of the primary functions of each component of the TME in cancer initiation, progression, and invasion. The manuscript also includes primary therapeutic targeting markers for each player, which may be helpful in treating tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maonan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jingzhou Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Lishen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Yu Lian
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Yingfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Zhaojian Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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50
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Abstract
Mesothelial cells (MCs) cover the surface of visceral organs and the parietal walls of cavities, and they synthesize lubricating fluids to create a slippery surface that facilitates movement between organs without friction. Recent studies have indicated that MCs play active roles in liver development, fibrosis, and regeneration. During liver development, the mesoderm produces MCs that form a single epithelial layer of the mesothelium. MCs exhibit an intermediate phenotype between epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells. Lineage tracing studies have indicated that during liver development, MCs act as mesenchymal progenitor cells that produce hepatic stellate cells, fibroblasts around blood vessels, and smooth muscle cells. Upon liver injury, MCs migrate inward from the liver surface and produce hepatic stellate cells or myofibroblast depending on the etiology, suggesting that MCs are the source of myofibroblasts in capsular fibrosis. Similar to the activation of hepatic stellate cells, transforming growth factor β induces the conversion of MCs into myofibroblasts. Further elucidation of the biological and molecular changes involved in MC activation and fibrogenesis will contribute to the development of novel approaches for the prevention and therapy of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Lua
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kinji Asahina
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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