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Wen T, Puett RC, Liao D, Kanter J, Mittleman MA, Lanzkron SM, Yanosky JD. Short-term air pollution levels and sickle cell disease hospital encounters in South Carolina: A case-crossover analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118766. [PMID: 38583660 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder and symptoms may be sensitive to environmental stressors. Although it has been hypothesized that exposure to outdoor air pollution could trigger acute SCD events, evidence is limited. METHODS We obtained SCD administrative data on hospital encounters in South Carolina from 2002 to 2019. We estimated outdoor air pollutant (particulate matter<2.5 μm (PM2.5), ozone (O3), and PM2.5 elemental carbon (EC) concentrations at residential zip codes using spatio-temporal models. Using a random bi-directional, fixed-interval case-crossover study design, we investigated the relationship between air pollution exposure over 1-, 3-, 5-, 9-, and14-day periods with SCD hospital encounters. RESULTS We studied 8410 patients with 144,129 hospital encounters. We did not observe associations among all patients with SCD and adults for PM2.5, O3, and EC. We observed positive associations among children for 9- and 14-day EC (OR: 1.05 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 1.08) and OR: 1.05 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.09), respectively) and 9- and 14-day O3 (OR: 1.04 (95%CI: 1.00, 1.08)) for both. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that short-term (within two-weeks) levels of EC and O3 and may be associated with SCD hospital encounters among children. Two-pollutant model results suggest that EC is more likely responsible for effects on SCD than O3. More research is needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Robin C Puett
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Duanping Liao
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Julie Kanter
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Murray A Mittleman
- Department of Epidemiology, TH Chan Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sophie M Lanzkron
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeff D Yanosky
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Terada S, Nishimura H, Miyasaka N, Fujiwara T. Ambient temperature and preterm birth: A case-crossover study. BJOG 2024; 131:632-640. [PMID: 37984435 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between ambient temperature and preterm birth (PTB) and to estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of PTBs due to low and high temperatures. DESIGN Time-stratified case-crossover design. SETTING Japan (46 prefectures, excluding Okinawa), 2011-2020. SAMPLE 214 050 PTBs registered in the Japan Perinatal Registry Network database among 1 908 168 singleton live births. METHODS A quasi-Poisson regression model with a distributed lag nonlinear model was employed to assess the associations between daily mean temperature and PTBs for a lag of 0-27 days in each prefecture. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted by combining effect estimates from the 46 prefectures to estimate pooled relative risks (RRs). The PAFs of the PTBs due to below or above the mean of the 46 median temperatures (16.0°C) were calculated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Preterm singleton live births. RESULTS The association between daily mean temperature and PTB risk exhibited a U-shaped curve. The adjusted RRs were 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.25) at the mean of the 1st percentiles (0.8°C) and 1.08 (95% CI 1.00-1.17) at the mean of the 99th percentiles (30.2°C) of 46 prefectures, with 16.0°C as the reference temperature. Approximately 2.3% (95% CI 0.6-4.0) of PTBs were attributable to low temperatures. CONCLUSIONS Both low and possibly high temperatures were associated with an increased risk of PTBs. These findings may help to inform preventive measures for pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Terada
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisaaki Nishimura
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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do Nascimento FP, Gouveia N. Ambient air pollution and mortality: The role of socioeconomic conditions. Environ Epidemiol 2024; 8:e297. [PMID: 38617429 PMCID: PMC11008627 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is a vast body of literature covering the association between air pollution exposure and nonaccidental mortality. However, the role of socioeconomic status (SES) in this relationship is still not fully understood. Objectives We investigated if individual and contextual SES modified the relationship between short-term exposure to ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <10 µm (PM10) on cardiovascular, respiratory, and all nonaccidental mortality. Methods We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study. Analyses were based on information on 280,685 deaths from 2011 to 2015 in the city of São Paulo. Education was used as an individual SES, and information on the district of residence was used to build a contextual SES. Exposure to PM10, NO2, and O3 was accessed from monitoring stations and linked to each case based on the date of death. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the effects of air pollutants, and interaction terms were added to access the effect modification of SES. Results Individuals with lower education had an increased chance of dying for all nonaccidental outcomes (1.54% [0.91%, 2.14%]) associated with exposure to PM10. Individuals living in lower SES areas had an increased chance of dying for nonaccidental (0.52% [0.16%, 0.88%]), cardiovascular (1.17% [0.88%, 1.46%]), and respiratory (1.70% [0.47%, 2.93%]) causes owing to NO2 exposure. Conclusion Exposure to air pollutants increases the chance of dying by nonaccidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory causes. Lower educational levels and living on lower contextual SES increased the risk of mortality associated with air pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nelson Gouveia
- School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ma Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Du J, Chu N, Wei J, Cui L, Zhou C. The threaten of typhoons to the health of residents in inland areas: a study on the vulnerability of residents to death risk during typhoon "Lekima" : In Jinan, China. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:606. [PMID: 38409004 PMCID: PMC10895747 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies had suggested increased risk of death of residents was associated with typhoons, particularly coastal regions. However, these findings ignored the impact of inland typhoons on the health of residents, especially the indirect death risk caused by typhoons. This study aimed to investigate the acute death risk of residents during inland typhoon Lekima in Jinan, further identify vulnerable populations and areas. METHODS We selected the daily death from 11 to 27th August 2019 in Jinan as case period, and conducted a time-stratified case-crossover design to match the contemporaneous data from 2016 to 2018 as control period. We used the generalized linear Poisson models to estimate the related effects of death risk during typhoon Lekima and lag days. RESULTS During the Lekima typhoon month, there were 3,366 deaths occurred in Jinan. Compared to unexposed periods, the acute death risk of non-accidental diseases (especially circulatory diseases), female and the older adults increased significantly in the second week after the typhoon. The maximum significant effect of circulatory disease deaths, female and older adult deaths were appeared on lag9, lag9, and lag13 respectively. And the typhoon-associated RR were 1.19 (95%CI:1.05,1.34), 1.28 (95%CI:1.08,1.52), and 1.22 (95%CI:1.06,1.42) respectively. The acute death risk of residents living in TQ and CQ increased significantly on Lag2 and Lag6 after the typhoon, respectively, while those living in LX, LC, HY, JY, and SH occurred from Lag 8 to Lag 13 after the typhoon. LC lasted the longest days. CONCLUSIONS Typhoons would increase the vulnerability of residents living in Jinan which mainly occurred from the seventh day after the typhoon. Residents suffering from non-accidental diseases (circulatory diseases), female and the older adults were more vulnerable. The vulnerability of TQ and CQ occurred on Lag2 and Lag6 after typhoon Lekima, respectively, and the other areas except ZQ and PY occurred from Lag 8 to Lag 13. LC lasted the longest duration. Our findings emphasized the importance of the emergency response, which would help policymakers to identify vulnerable regions and populations accurately during typhoons and formulate the emergency response plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Ma
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wen-hua-xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xianhui Zhang
- Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, affiliated to Shandong University, 2 Weiliu Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Yingjian Zhang
- Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, affiliated to Shandong University, 2 Weiliu Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Jipei Du
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wen-hua-xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Nan Chu
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wen-hua-xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jinli Wei
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wen-hua-xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Liangliang Cui
- Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, affiliated to Shandong University, 2 Weiliu Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, China.
| | - Chengchao Zhou
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wen-hua-xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, 44 Wen-hua-xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
- Institute of Health and Elderly Care, Shandong University, 44 Wen-hua-xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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Stowell JD, Sun Y, Gause EL, Spangler KR, Schwartz J, Bernstein A, Wellenius GA, Nori-Sarma A. Warm season ambient ozone and children's health in the USA. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyae035. [PMID: 38553030 PMCID: PMC10980558 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 120 million people in the USA live in areas with unsafe ozone (O3) levels. Studies among adults have linked exposure to worse lung function and higher risk of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, few studies have examined the effects of O3 in children, and existing studies are limited in terms of their geographic scope or outcomes considered. METHODS We leveraged a dataset of encounters at 42 US children's hospitals from 2004-2015. We used a one-stage case-crossover design to quantify the association between daily maximum 8-hour O3 in the county in which the hospital is located and risk of emergency department (ED) visits for any cause and for respiratory disorders, asthma, respiratory infections, allergies and ear disorders. RESULTS Approximately 28 million visits were available during this period. Per 10 ppb increase, warm-season (May through September) O3 levels over the past three days were associated with higher risk of ED visits for all causes (risk ratio [RR]: 0.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.2%, 0.4%]), allergies (4.1% [2.5%, 5.7%]), ear disorders (0.8% [0.3%, 1.3%]) and asthma (1.3% [0.8%, 1.9%]). When restricting to levels below the current regulatory standard (70 ppb), O3 was still associated with risk of ED visits for all-cause, allergies, ear disorders and asthma. Stratified analyses suggest that the risk of O3-related all-cause ED visits may be higher in older children. CONCLUSIONS Results from this national study extend prior research on the impacts of daily O3 on children's health and reinforce the presence of important adverse health impacts even at levels below the current regulatory standard in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Stowell
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuantong Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emma L Gause
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith R Spangler
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Bernstein
- Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amruta Nori-Sarma
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Chen C, Schwarz L, Rosenthal N, Marlier ME, Benmarhnia T. Exploring spatial heterogeneity in synergistic effects of compound climate hazards: Extreme heat and wildfire smoke on cardiorespiratory hospitalizations in California. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj7264. [PMID: 38306434 PMCID: PMC10836726 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj7264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Extreme heat and wildfire smoke events are increasingly co-occurring in the context of climate change, especially in California. Extreme heat and wildfire smoke may have synergistic effects on population health that vary over space. We leveraged high-resolution satellite and monitoring data to quantify spatially varying compound exposures to extreme heat and wildfire smoke in California (2006-2019) at ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) level. We found synergistic effects between extreme heat and wildfire smoke on daily cardiorespiratory hospitalizations at the state level. We also found spatial heterogeneity in such synergistic effects across ZCTAs. Communities with lower education attainment, lower health insurance coverage, lower income, lower proportion of automobile ownership, lower tree canopy coverage, higher population density, and higher proportions of racial/ethnic minorities experienced higher synergistic effects. This study highlights the need to incorporate compound hazards and environmental justice considerations into evidence-based policy development to protect populations from increasingly prevalent compound hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lara Schwarz
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Noam Rosenthal
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Miriam E. Marlier
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tarik Benmarhnia
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Demoury C, Aerts R, Berete F, Lefebvre W, Pauwels A, Vanpoucke C, Van der Heyden J, De Clercq EM. Impact of short-term exposure to air pollution on natural mortality and vulnerable populations: a multi-city case-crossover analysis in Belgium. Environ Health 2024; 23:11. [PMID: 38267996 PMCID: PMC10809644 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01050-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adverse effect of air pollution on mortality is well documented worldwide but the identification of more vulnerable populations at higher risk of death is still limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between natural mortality (overall and cause-specific) and short-term exposure to five air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, O3 and black carbon) and identify potential vulnerable populations in Belgium. METHODS We used a time-stratified case-crossover design with conditional logistic regressions to assess the relationship between mortality and air pollution in the nine largest Belgian agglomerations. Then, we performed a random-effect meta-analysis of the pooled results and described the global air pollution-mortality association. We carried out stratified analyses by individual characteristics (sex, age, employment, hospitalization days and chronic preexisting health conditions), living environment (levels of population density, built-up areas) and season of death to identify effect modifiers of the association. RESULTS The study included 304,754 natural deaths registered between 2010 and 2015. We found percentage increases for overall natural mortality associated with 10 μg/m3 increases of air pollution levels of 0.6% (95% CI: 0.2%, 1.0%) for PM2.5, 0.4% (0.1%, 0.8%) for PM10, 0.5% (-0.2%, 1.1%) for O3, 1.0% (0.3%, 1.7%) for NO2 and 7.1% (-0.1%, 14.8%) for black carbon. There was also evidence for increases of cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. We did not find effect modification by individual characteristics (sex, age, employment, hospitalization days). However, this study suggested differences in risk of death for people with preexisting conditions (thrombosis, cardiovascular diseases, asthma, diabetes and thyroid affections), season of death (May-September vs October-April) and levels of built-up area in the neighborhood (for NO2). CONCLUSIONS This work provided evidence for the adverse health effects of air pollution and contributed to the identification of specific population groups. These findings can help to better define public-health interventions and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Demoury
- Risk and Health Impact Assessment, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Raf Aerts
- Risk and Health Impact Assessment, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Division Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- Center for Environmental Sciences, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Wouter Lefebvre
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Arno Pauwels
- Risk and Health Impact Assessment, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Health Information, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Eva M De Clercq
- Risk and Health Impact Assessment, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
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Ding F, Liu X, Hu Z, Liu W, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhao S, Zhao Y. Association between ambient temperature, PM 2.5 and tuberculosis in Northwest China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023:1-15. [PMID: 38153391 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2299236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Existing evidence suggested that the risk of tuberculosis (TB) infection was associated to the variations in temperature and PM2.5. A total of 9,111 cases of TB were reported in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China from 2013 to 2015 on a daily basis, and 57.2% of them were male. The TB risk was more prominent for a lower temperature in males (RR of 1.724, 95% CI: 1.241, 2.394), the aged over 64 years (RR of 2.241, 95% CI: 1.554, 3.231), and the high mobility occupation subpopulation (RR of 2.758, 95% CI: 1.745, 4.359). High concentration of PM2.5 showed a short-term effect and was only associated with an increased risk in the early stages of exposure for the female, and aged 36-64 years group. There were 15.06% (1370 cases) of cases of TB may be attributable to the temperature, and 2.94% (268 cases) may be attributable to the increase of PM2.5 exposures. Low temperatures may be associated with significantly increase in the risk of TB, and high PM2.5 concentrations have a short-term association on increasing the risk of TB. Strengthening the monitoring and regular prevention and control of high risk groups will provide scientific guidance to reduce the incidence of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ding
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xianglong Liu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zengyun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Weichen Liu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yajuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shi Zhao
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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He Q, Liu Y, Yin P, Gao Y, Kan H, Zhou M, Chen R, Li Y. Differentiating the impacts of ambient temperature on pneumonia mortality of various infectious causes: a nationwide, individual-level, case-crossover study. EBioMedicine 2023; 98:104854. [PMID: 38251462 PMCID: PMC10628343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unknown how ambient temperature impact pneumonia of various infectious causes. METHODS Based on the national death registry covering all counties in Chinese mainland, we conducted an individual-level case-crossover study in China from 2013 to 2019. Exposures were assigned at residential addresses for each decedent. Conditional logistic regression model combined with distributed lag non-linear models were used to estimate the exposure-response associations. The attributable fractions due to non-optimum temperature were calculated after accounting for spatial and temporal patterns for the excess risks. FINDINGS The exposure-response curves were inversely J-shaped with both low and high temperature increasing the risks, and the effect of low temperature was stronger. Extremely low temperature was associated with higher magnitude of influenza-related pneumonia [relative risk (RR): 2.46, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.62-3.74], than viral pneumonia (RR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.55-2.30) and bacterial pneumonia (RR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.56-2.09). The magnitudes of RRs associated with extremely high temperature were similar among the three categories of pneumonia. The mortality attributable fraction for influenza-related pneumonia (29.78%) was the highest. The effects were stronger in people of low education level or residence in the north. INTERPRETATION This nationwide study presents findings on the varied risk and burden of pneumonia mortality of various infectious causes, and highlights the susceptibility of influenza-related pneumonia to ambient low temperature. FUNDING This study is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (2022YFC3702701), the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission (21TQ015) and Shanghai International Science and Technology Partnership Project (21230780200).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin He
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yunning Liu
- National Center for Chronic Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ya Gao
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yanming Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Lv X, Shi W, Yuan K, Zhang Y, Cao W, Li C, Xu L, Wu L, Sun S, Hong F. Hourly Air Pollution Exposure and Emergency Hospital Admissions for Stroke: A Multicenter Case-Crossover Study. Stroke 2023; 54:3038-3045. [PMID: 37901948 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.044191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daily exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with stroke morbidity and mortality; however, the association between hourly exposure to air pollutants and risk of emergency hospital admissions for stroke and its subtypes remains relatively unexplored. METHODS We obtained hourly concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), respirable particulate matter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO) from the China National Environmental Monitoring Center. We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study among 86 635 emergency hospital admissions for stroke across 10 hospitals in 3 cities (Jinhua, Hangzhou, and Zhoushan) in Zhejiang province, China, between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2021. Using a conditional logistic regression combined with a distributed lag linear model, we estimated the association between hourly exposure to multiple air pollutants and risk of emergency hospital admissions for total stroke, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and undetermined type. RESULTS Hourly exposure to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2 was associated with an increased risk of hospital admissions for total stroke and ischemic stroke. The associations were most pronounced during the concurrent hour of exposure and lasted for ≈2 hours. We found that the risk was more pronounced among male patients or those aged <65 years old. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that exposure to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2, but not CO and O3, is associated with emergency hospital admissions for total stroke or ischemic stroke shortly after exposure. Implementing targeted pollution emission reduction measures may have significant public health implications in controlling and reducing the burden of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (X.L., W.S., K.Y., Y.Z., S.S.)
| | - Wanying Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (X.L., W.S., K.Y., Y.Z., S.S.)
| | - Kun Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (X.L., W.S., K.Y., Y.Z., S.S.)
| | - Yangchang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (X.L., W.S., K.Y., Y.Z., S.S.)
| | - Wangnan Cao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China (W.C.)
| | - Chunrong Li
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (C.L.)
| | - Lufei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Human Resources, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, China (L.X.)
| | - Lizhi Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China (L.W.)
| | - Shengzhi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (X.L., W.S., K.Y., Y.Z., S.S.)
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China (S.S., F.H.)
| | - Feng Hong
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China (S.S., F.H.)
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Zhang R, Lai KY, Liu W, Liu Y, Ma X, Webster C, Luo L, Sarkar C. Associations between Short-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Influenza: An Individual-Level Case-Crossover Study in Guangzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:127009. [PMID: 38078424 PMCID: PMC10711742 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza imposes a heavy burden on public health. Little is known, however, of the associations between detailed measures of exposure to ambient air pollution and influenza at an individual level. OBJECTIVE We examined individual-level associations between six criteria air pollutants and influenza using case-crossover design. METHODS In this individual-level time-stratified case-crossover study, we linked influenza cases collected by the Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2019 with individual residence-level exposure to particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), ozone (O 3 ) and carbon monoxide (CO). The exposures were estimated for the day of onset of influenza symptoms (lag 0), 1-7 d before the onset (lags 1-7), as well as an 8-d moving average (lag07), using a random forest model and linked to study participants' home addresses. Conditional logistic regression was developed to investigate the associations between short-term exposure to air pollution and influenza, adjusting for mean temperature, relative humidity, public holidays, population mobility, and community influenza susceptibility. RESULTS N = 108,479 eligible cases were identified in our study. Every 10 - μ g / m 3 increase in exposure to PM 2.5 , PM 10 , NO 2 , and CO and every 5 - μ g / m 3 increase in SO 2 over 8-d moving average (lag07) was associated with higher risk of influenza with a relative risk (RR) of 1.028 (95% CI: 1.018, 1.038), 1.041 (95% CI: 1.032, 1.049), 1.169 (95% CI: 1.151, 1.188), 1.004 (95% CI: 1.003, 1.006), and 1.134 (95% CI: 1.107, 1.163), respectively. There was a negative association between O 3 and influenza with a RR of 0.878 (95% CI: 0.866, 0.890). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that short-term exposure to air pollution, except for O 3 , is associated with greater risk for influenza. Further studies are necessary to decipher underlying mechanisms and design preventive interventions and policies. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12145.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, University of Hong Kong (HKU), Hong Kong, China
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, HKU, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Yan Lai
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, University of Hong Kong (HKU), Hong Kong, China
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, HKU, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chris Webster
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, University of Hong Kong (HKU), Hong Kong, China
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, HKU, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Luo
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chinmoy Sarkar
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, University of Hong Kong (HKU), Hong Kong, China
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, HKU, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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12
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Landguth EL, Knudson J, Graham J, Orr A, Coyle EA, Smith P, Semmens EO, Noonan C. Seasonal extreme temperatures and short-term fine particulate matter increases child respiratory hospitalizations in a sparsely populated region of the intermountain western United States. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3438033. [PMID: 37886498 PMCID: PMC10602161 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3438033/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Western Montana, USA, experiences complex air pollution patterns with predominant exposure sources from summer wildfire smoke and winter wood smoke. In addition, climate change related temperatures events are becoming more extreme and expected to contribute to increases in hospital admissions for a range of health outcomes. Few studies have evaluated these exposures (air pollution and temperature) that often occur simultaneously and may act synergistically on health. Methods We explored short-term exposure to air pollution on childhood respiratory health outcomes and how extreme temperature or seasonal period modify the risk of air pollution-associated hospitalizations. The main outcome measure included all respiratory-related hospital admissions for three categories: asthma, lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), and upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) across western Montana for all individuals aged 0-17 from 2017-2020. We used a time-stratified, case-crossover analysis and distributed lag models to identify sensitive exposure windows of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) lagged from 0 (same-day) to 15 prior-days modified by temperature or season. Results Short-term exposure increases of 1 μg/m3 in PM2.5 were associated with elevated odds of all three respiratory hospital admission categories. PM2.5 was associated with the largest increased odds of hospitalizations for asthma at lag 7-13 days [1.87(1.17-2.97)], for LRTI at lag 6-12 days [2.18(1.20-3.97)], and for URTI at a cumulative lag of 13 days [1.29(1.07-1.57)]. The impact of PM2.5 varied by temperature and season for each respiratory outcome scenario. For asthma, PM2.5 was associated most strongly during colder temperatures [3.11(1.40-6.89)] and the winter season [3.26(1.07-9.95)]. Also in colder temperatures, PM2.5 was associated with increased odds of LRTI hospitalization [2.61(1.15-5.94)], but no seasonal effect was observed. Finally, 13 days of cumulative PM2.5 prior to admissions date was associated with the greatest increased odds of URTI hospitalization during summer days [3.35(1.85-6.04)] and hotter temperatures [1.71(1.31-2.22)]. Conclusions Children's respiratory-related hospital admissions were associated with short-term exposure to PM2.5. PM2.5 associations with asthma and LRTI hospitalizations were strongest during cold periods, whereas associations with URTI were largest during hot periods. Classification environmental public health, fine particulate matter air pollution, respiratory infections.
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13
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Gutiérrez-Avila I, Riojas-Rodríguez H, Colicino E, Rush J, Tamayo-Ortiz M, Borja-Aburto VH, Just AC. Short-term exposure to PM 2.5 and 1.5 million deaths: a time-stratified case-crossover analysis in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. Environ Health 2023; 22:70. [PMID: 37848890 PMCID: PMC10580614 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-01024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Satellite-based PM2.5 predictions are being used to advance exposure science and air-pollution epidemiology in developed countries; including emerging evidence about the impacts of PM2.5 on acute health outcomes beyond the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and the potential modifying effects from individual-level factors in these associations. Research on these topics is lacking in low and middle income countries. We aimed to explore the association between short-term exposure to PM2.5 with broad-category and cause-specific mortality outcomes in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA), and potential effect modification by age, sex, and SES characteristics in such associations. METHODS We used a time-stratified case-crossover study design with 1,479,950 non-accidental deaths from the MCMA for the period of 2004-2019. Daily 1 × 1 km PM2.5 (median = 23.4 μg/m3; IQR = 13.6 μg/m3) estimates from our satellite-based regional model were employed for exposure assessment at the sub-municipality level. Associations between PM2.5 with broad-category (organ-system) and cause-specific mortality outcomes were estimated with distributed lag conditional logistic models. We also fit models stratifying by potential individual-level effect modifiers including; age, sex, and individual SES-related characteristics namely: education, health insurance coverage, and job categories. Odds ratios were converted into percent increase for ease of interpretation. RESULTS PM2.5 exposure was associated with broad-category mortality outcomes, including all non-accidental, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, respiratory, and digestive mortality. A 10-μg/m3 PM2.5 higher cumulative exposure over one week (lag06) was associated with higher cause-specific mortality outcomes including hypertensive disease [2.28% (95%CI: 0.26%-4.33%)], acute ischemic heart disease [1.61% (95%CI: 0.59%-2.64%)], other forms of heart disease [2.39% (95%CI: -0.35%-5.20%)], hemorrhagic stroke [3.63% (95%CI: 0.79%-6.55%)], influenza and pneumonia [4.91% (95%CI: 2.84%-7.02%)], chronic respiratory disease [2.49% (95%CI: 0.71%-4.31%)], diseases of the liver [1.85% (95%CI: 0.31%-3.41%)], and renal failure [3.48% (95%CI: 0.79%-6.24%)]. No differences in effect size of associations were observed between age, sex and SES strata. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to PM2.5 was associated with non-accidental, broad-category and cause-specific mortality outcomes beyond the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, including specific death-causes from the digestive and genitourinary systems, with no indication of effect modification by individual-level characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Gutiérrez-Avila
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | | | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Johnathan Rush
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación en Salud Ocupacional, México City, México
| | | | - Allan C Just
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Liu Y, Dong X, Li Z, Zhu S, Lin Z, He G, Gong W, Hu J, Hou Z, Meng R, Zhou C, Yu M, Huang B, Lin L, Xiao J, Zhong J, Jin D, Xu Y, Lv L, Huang C, Liu T, Ma W. The Combined Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Multiple Meteorological Factors on Unintentional Drowning Mortality: Large Case-Crossover Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e46792. [PMID: 37471118 PMCID: PMC10401198 DOI: 10.2196/46792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drowning is a serious public health problem worldwide. Previous epidemiological studies on the association between meteorological factors and drowning mainly focused on individual weather factors, and the combined effect of mixed exposure to multiple meteorological factors on drowning is unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the combined effects of multiple meteorological factors on unintentional drowning mortality in China and to identify the important meteorological factors contributing to drowning mortality. METHODS Unintentional drowning death data (based on International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition, codes W65-74) from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2018, were collected from the Disease Surveillance Points System for Guangdong, Hunan, Zhejiang, Yunnan, and Jilin Provinces, China. Daily meteorological data, including daily mean temperature, relative humidity, sunlight duration, and rainfall in the same period were obtained from the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science Data Center. We constructed a time-stratified case-crossover design and applied a generalized additive model to examine the effect of individual weather factors on drowning mortality, and then used quantile g-computation to estimate the joint effect of the mixed exposure to meteorological factors. RESULTS A total of 46,179 drowning deaths were reported in the 5 provinces in China from 2013 to 2018. In an effect analysis of individual exposure, we observed a positive effect for sunlight duration, a negative effect for relative humidity, and U-shaped associations for temperature and rainfall with drowning mortality. In a joint effect analysis of the above 4 meteorological factors, a 2.99% (95% CI 0.26%-5.80%) increase in drowning mortality was observed per quartile rise in exposure mixture. For the total population, sunlight duration was the most important weather factor for drowning mortality, with a 93.1% positive contribution to the overall effects, while rainfall was mainly a negative factor for drowning deaths (90.5%) and temperature and relative humidity contributed 6.9% and -9.5% to the overall effects, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study found that mixed exposure to temperature, relative humidity, sunlight duration, and rainfall was positively associated with drowning mortality and that sunlight duration, rather than temperature, may be the most important meteorological factor for drowning mortality. These findings imply that it is necessary to incorporate sunshine hours and temperature into early warning systems for drowning prevention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyin Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Dong
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixing Li
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Affiliated Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sui Zhu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqiang Lin
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanhao He
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxiong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhulin Hou
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, China
| | - Ruilin Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunliang Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Min Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, China
| | - Lifeng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieming Zhong
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Donghui Jin
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Yiqing Xu
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Lingshuang Lv
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Disease Control and Prevention Institute of Jinan University, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Gallo E, Bressan S, Baraldo S, Bottigliengo D, Geremia S, Acar AS, Zagolin L, Marson G, Da Dalt L, Gregori D. Increased risk of emergency department presentations for bronchiolitis in infants exposed to air pollution. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2023; 43:1137-1144. [PMID: 35989078 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has been linked to an increased risk of several respiratory diseases in children, especially respiratory tract infections. The present study aims to evaluate the association between pediatric emergency department (PED) presentations for bronchiolitis and air pollution. PED presentations due to bronchiolitis in children aged less than 1 year were retrospectively collected from 2007 to 2018 in Padova, Italy, together with daily environmental data. A conditional logistic regression based on a time-stratified case-crossover design was performed to evaluate the association between PED presentations and exposure to NO2 , PM2.5, and PM10. Models were adjusted for temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, and public holidays. Delayed effects in time were evaluated using distributed lag non-linear models. Odds ratio for lagged exposure from 0 to 14 days were obtained. Overall, 2251 children presented to the PED for bronchiolitis. Infants' exposure to higher concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in the 5 days before the presentation to the PED increased the risk of accessing the PED by more than 10%, whereas high concentrations of NO2 between 2 and 12 days before the PED presentation were associated with an increased risk of up to 30%. The association between pollutants and infants who required hospitalization was even greater. A cumulative effect of NO2 among the 2 weeks preceding the presentation was also observed. In summary, PM and NO2 concentrations are associated with PED presentations and hospitalizations for bronchiolitis. Exposure of infants to air pollution could damage the respiratory tract mucosa, facilitating viral infections and exacerbating symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gallo
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Bressan
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Simonetta Baraldo
- Respiratory Diseases Clinic, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniele Bottigliengo
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Geremia
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Luca Zagolin
- Environmental Protection and Prevention Agency of the Veneto Region, Venezia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Marson
- Environmental Protection and Prevention Agency of the Veneto Region, Venezia, Italy
| | - Liviana Da Dalt
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Dario Gregori
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Shahn Z, Hernán MA, Robins JM. A formal causal interpretation of the case-crossover design. Biometrics 2023; 79:1330-1343. [PMID: 36001285 PMCID: PMC11115970 DOI: 10.1111/biom.13749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The case-crossover design of Maclure is widely used in epidemiology and other fields to study causal effects of transient treatments on acute outcomes. However, its validity and causal interpretation have only been justified under informal conditions. Here, we place the design in a formal counterfactual framework for the first time. Doing so helps to clarify its assumptions and interpretation. In particular, when the treatment effect is nonnull, we identify a previously unnoticed bias arising from strong common causes of the outcome at different person-times. We analyze this bias and demonstrate its potential importance with simulations. We also use our derivation of the limit of the case-crossover estimator to analyze its sensitivity to treatment effect heterogeneity, a violation of one of the informal criteria for validity. The upshot of this work for practitioners is that, while the case-crossover design can be useful for testing the causal null hypothesis in the presence of baseline confounders, extra caution is warranted when using the case-crossover design for point estimation of causal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Shahn
- CUNY School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
- IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, New York, USA
| | - Miguel A. Hernán
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- CAUSALab, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James M. Robins
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- CAUSALab, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Halldorsdottir S, Finnbjornsdottir RG, Elvarsson BT, Gunnarsdottir OS, Gudmundsson G, Rafnsson V. Ambient air pollution and emergency department visits and hospitalisation for cardiac arrest: a population-based case-crossover study in Reykjavik, Iceland. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e066743. [PMID: 37188467 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the association between traffic-related ambient air pollution and emergency hospital visits for cardiac arrest. DESIGN Case-crossover design was used with a lag time to 4 days. SETTING The Reykjavik capital area and the study population was the inhabitants 18 years and older identified by encrypted personal identification numbers and zip codes. PARTICIPANTS AND EXPOSURE Cases were those with emergency visits to Landspitali University Hospital during the period 2006-2017 and who were given the primary discharge diagnosis of cardiac arrest according to the International Classification of Diseases 10th edition (ICD-10) code I46. The pollutants were nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 µm (PM10), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) with adjustment for hydrogen sulfide (H2S), temperature and relative humidity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE OR and 95% CIs per 10 µg/m3 increase in concentration of pollutants. RESULTS The 24-hour mean NO2 was 20.7 µg/m3, mean PM10 was 20.5 µg/m3, mean PM2.5 was 12.5 µg/m3 and mean SO2 was 2.5 µg/m3. PM10 level was positively associated with the number of emergency hospital visits (n=453) for cardiac arrest. Each 10 µg/m3 increase in PM10 was associated with increased risk of cardiac arrest (ICD-10: I46), OR 1.096 (95% CI 1.033 to 1.162) on lag 2, OR 1.118 (95% CI 1.031 to 1.212) on lag 0-2, OR 1.150 (95% CI 1.050 to 1.261) on lag 0-3 and OR 1.168 (95% CI 1.054 to 1.295) on lag 0-4. Significant associations were shown between exposure to PM10 on lag 2 and lag 0-2 and increased risk of cardiac arrest in the age, gender and season strata. CONCLUSIONS A new endpoint was used for the first time in this study: cardiac arrest (ICD-10 code: I46) according to hospital discharge registry. Short-term increase in PM10 concentrations was associated with cardiac arrest. Future ecological studies of this type and their related discussions should perhaps concentrate more on precisely defined endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Vilhjalmur Rafnsson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Hasegawa K, Tsukahara T, Nomiyama T. Short-term associations of low-level fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) with cardiorespiratory hospitalizations in 139 Japanese cities. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 258:114961. [PMID: 37137261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
There have been few studies in non-western countries on the relationship between low levels of daily fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and morbidity or mortality, and the impact of PM2.5 concentrations below 15 μg/m3, which is the latest World Health Organization Air Quality Guideline (WHO AQG) value for the 24-h mean, is not yet clear. We assessed the associations between low-level PM2.5 exposure and cardiorespiratory admissions in Japan. We collected the daily hospital admission count data, air pollutant data, and meteorological condition data recorded from April 2016 to March 2019 in 139 Japanese cities. City-specific estimates were obtained from conditional logistic regression models in a time-stratified case-crossover design and pooled by random-effect models. We estimated that every 10-μg/m3 increase in the concurrent-day PM2.5 concentration was related to a 0.52% increase in cardiovascular admissions (95% CI: 0.13-0.92%) and a 1.74% increase in respiratory admissions (95% CI: 1.41-2.07%). These values were nearly the same when the datasets were filtered to contain only daily PM2.5 concentrations <15 μg/m3. The exposure-response curves showed approximately sublinear-to-linear curves with no indication of thresholds. These associations with cardiovascular diseases weakened after adjusting for nitrogen dioxide or sulfur dioxide, but associations with respiratory diseases were almost unchanged when additionally adjusted for other pollutants. This study demonstrated that associations between daily PM2.5 and daily cardiorespiratory hospitalizations might persist at low concentrations, including those below the latest WHO AQG value. Our findings suggest that the updated guideline value may still be insufficient from the perspective of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Hasegawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Teruomi Tsukahara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nomiyama
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
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Stowell JD, Sun Y, Spangler KR, Milando CW, Bernstein A, Weinberger KR, Sun S, Wellenius GA. Warm-season temperatures and emergency department visits among children with health insurance. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, HEALTH : ERH 2023; 1:015002. [PMID: 36337257 PMCID: PMC9623446 DOI: 10.1088/2752-5309/ac78fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
High ambient temperatures have become more likely due to climate change and are linked to higher rates of heat-related illness, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, mental health disorders, and other diseases. To date, far fewer studies have examined the effects of high temperatures on children versus adults, and studies including children have seldom been conducted on a national scale. Compared to adults, children have behavioral and physiological differences that may give them differential heat vulnerability. We acquired medical claims data from a large database of commercially insured US children aged 0-17 from May to September (warm-season) 2016-2019. Daily maximum ambient temperature and daily mean relative humidity estimates were aggregated to the county level using the Parameter-elevation Relationships on Independent Slopes dataset, and extreme heat was defined as the 95th percentile of the county-specific daily maximum temperature distribution. Using a case-crossover design and temperature lags 0-5 days, we estimated the associations between extreme heat and cause-specific emergency department visits (ED) in children aged <18 years, using the median county-specific daily maximum temperature distribution as the reference. Approximately 1.2 million ED visits in children from 2489 US counties were available during the study period. The 95th percentile of warm-season temperatures ranged from 71 °F to 112 °F (21.7 °C to 44.4 °C). Comparing 95th to the 50th percentile, extreme heat was associated with higher rates of ED visits for heat-related illness; endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases; and otitis media and externa, but not for all-cause admissions. Subgroup analyses suggested differences by age, with extreme heat positively associated with heat-related illness for both the 6-12 year (odds ratio [OR]: 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16, 1.56) and 13-17 year age groups (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.37, 1.76). Among children with health insurance across the US, days of extreme heat were associated with higher rates of healthcare utilization. These results highlight the importance of individual and population-level actions to protect children and adolescents from extreme heat, particularly in the context of continued climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Stowell
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Yuantong Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Keith R Spangler
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Chad W Milando
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Optum Labs Visiting Scholar, Eden Prairie, MN, United States of America
| | - Aaron Bernstein
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kate R Weinberger
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shengzhi Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Optum Labs Visiting Scholar, Eden Prairie, MN, United States of America
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Optum Labs Visiting Scholar, Eden Prairie, MN, United States of America
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20
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Lavigne E, Maltby A, Côté JN, Weinberger KR, Hebbern C, Vicedo-Cabrera AM, Wilk P. The effect modification of extreme temperatures on mental and behavior disorders by environmental factors and individual-level characteristics in Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:114999. [PMID: 36565843 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ambient extreme temperatures have been associated with mental and behavior disorders (MBDs). However, few studies have assesed whether vulnerability factors such as ambient air pollution, pre-existing mental health conditions and residential environmental factors increase susceptibility. This study aims to evaluate the associations between short-term variations in outdoor ambient extreme temperatures and MBD-related emergency department (ED) visits and how these associations are modified by vulnerability factors. METHODS We conducted a case-crossover study of 9,958,759 MBD ED visits in Alberta and Ontario, Canada made between March 1st, 2004 and December 31st, 2020. Daily average temperature was assigned to individual cases with ED visits for MBD using gridded data at a 1 km × 1 km spatial resolution. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate associations between extreme temperatures (i.e., risk of ED visit at the 2.5th percentile temperature for cold and 97.5th percentile temperature for heat for each health region compared to the minimal temperature risk) and MBD ED visits. Age, sex, pre-existing mental health conditions, ambient air pollution (i.e. PM2.5, NO2 and O3) and residential environmental factors (neighborhood deprivation, residential green space exposure and urbanization) were evaluated as potential effect modifiers. RESULTS Cumulative exposure to extreme heat over 0-5 days (odds ratio [OR] = 1.145; 95% CI: 1.121-1.171) was associated with ED visits for any MBD. However, cumulative exposure to extreme cold was associated with lower risk of ED visits for any MBD (OR = 0.981; 95% CI: 0.976-0.987). We also found heat to be associated with ED visits for specific MBDs such as substance use disorders, dementia, neurotic disorders, schizophrenia and personality behavior disorder. Individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions, those exposed to higher daily concentrations of NO2 and O3 and those residing in neighborhoods with greater material and social deprivation were at higher risk of heat-related MBD ED visits. Increasing tree canopy coverage appeared to mitigate risks of the effect of heat on MBD ED visits. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide evidence that the impacts of heat on MBD ED visits may vary across different vulnerability factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lavigne
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Alana Maltby
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Nicolas Côté
- Department of Applied Geomatics, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kate R Weinberger
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Wilk
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Liu J, Wang M, Zhao Y, Chen H, Liu H, Yang B, Shan H, Li H, Shi Y, Wang L, Wang G, Han C. Associations between short-term exposure to ambient PM 2.5 and incident cases of cerebrovascular disease in Yantai, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:21970-21977. [PMID: 36282388 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There are limited studies examining the association between PM2.5 exposure and incident cerebrovascular disease (CD) cases in China. In this study, daily counts of incident CD cases and daily PM2.5 concentrations were obtained in Yantai, Shandong Province, China from 2014 to 2019. We used a combination of the Poisson-distribution generalized linear model (GLM) and a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) to examine the association of short-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and incident cases of CD. The results revealed that for every 10 μg/m3 increment of PM2.5 would increase the incident CD cases by 0.216% (RR:1.00216, 95%CI:1.0016-1.0028) at lag4. The stratified analysis demonstrated that the females and residents aged 65 years or above presented higher short-term PM2.5-associated CD risks than the males and aged below 65 years. Targeted prevention strategies should be adopted to reduce the PM2.5-related CD burden, especially for the susceptible population in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Maobo Wang
- Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Haotian Chen
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyun Liu
- Department of Public Health, Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 264199, Yantai, China
| | - Baoshun Yang
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Haifeng Shan
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Yukun Shi
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Luyang Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Guangcheng Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Chunlei Han
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China.
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22
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Lin C, Jiang W, Gao X, He Y, Li J, Zhou C, Yang L. Attributable risk and economic burden of pneumonia among older adults admitted to hospital due to short-term exposure to airborne particulate matter: a time-stratified case-crossover study from China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:45342-45352. [PMID: 36705825 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25530-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have proven the relationship between air pollutants and respiratory diseases, but few studies have assessed the impacts of air particulate matter exposure on older patients with pneumonia. This study aimed to reveal the impacts of short-term exposure to air particulate matter on the daily number of older adult patients hospitalized due to pneumonia and calculate the economic costs attributable to this exposure. We collected inpatient data from 9 city hospitals in Sichuan Province, China, from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019, and calculated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using a time-stratified case-crossover study design and an attributable risk model to calculate the economic burden due to particulate matter pollution. It was found that for every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations, the daily number of older adult pneumonia inpatients increased by 1.5% (95% CI: 1.010-1.021) and 1.0% (95% CI: 1.006-1.014), respectively. Those 65 ~ 79 years old were more susceptible to air particulate pollutants (P < 0.05). During the study period, the total hospitalization costs and out-of-pocket expenses attributable to PM2.5 and PM10 exposure were 44.60 million CNY (6.22%) and 16.03 million CNY (6.21%), respectively, with PM2.5 being the primary influencing factor. This study revealed the relationship between particulate matter pollution and pneumonia among older adults. The role of policies to limit particulate matter concentrations in reducing disease burden among older adults can be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Lin
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanyanhan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Gao
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi He
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Management, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengchao Zhou
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Lian Yang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.
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23
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Zhang F, Tang H, Zhao D, Zhang X, Zhu S, Zhao G, Zhang X, Li T, Wei J, Li D, Zhu W. Short-term exposure to ambient particulate matter and mortality among HIV/AIDS patients: Case-crossover evidence from all counties of Hubei province, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159410. [PMID: 36257445 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has been a worrisome public health problem in the world. However, evidence for associations between short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) and mortality among HIV/AIDS patients is scarce. METHODS We collected daily death records in people with HIV/AIDS from all counties (N = 103) of Hubei province, China from 2018 to 2019. The county-level daily concentrations of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 in the same period were extracted from ChinaHighAirPollutants dataset. A time-stratified case-crossover design with conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the associations between PM and mortality. RESULTS Each 1 μg/m3 increased in PM1 corresponded with 0.89 % elevated in all-cause deaths (ACD) at lag 0-4 days. The largest effects of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 on AIDS-related deaths (ARD) were detected at lag 0-4 days, and PM1 [percent changes in odds ratio: 2.51 % (95 % CIs: 0.82, 4.22)] appeared greater health hazards than PM2.5 [1.24 % (95 % CIs: 0.33, 2.15)] as well as PM10 [0.65 % (95 % CIs: 0.01, 1.30)]. In subgroup analyses, the significant associations of PM1/PM2.5 and ACD were only found in male and the cold season. We also observed the effects of PM1 and PM10 on ARD were significantly stronger (P for interaction <0.05) in males than females. In addition, we caught sight of HIV/AIDS patients aged over 60 years old were more susceptible to ARD caused by PM than younger population. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested PM1 was positively linked with the risk of ACD and ARD. Male patients with HIV/AIDS were more significantly susceptible to PM1, PM2.5 and PM10. PM1/PM2.5 appeared stronger associations with ARD in HIV/AIDS patients aged over 60 years old and in the cold season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faxue Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hen Tang
- Institute of Chronic Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Dingyuan Zhao
- Institute of Chronic Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xupeng Zhang
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shijie Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Gaichan Zhao
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tianzhou Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
| | - Dejia Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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24
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Gutiérrez-Avila I, Riojas-Rodríguez H, Colicino E, Rush J, Tamayo-Ortiz M, Borja-Aburto VH, Just AC. Daily exposure to PM 2.5 and 1.5 million deaths: A time-stratified case-crossover analysis in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.01.15.23284576. [PMID: 36711599 PMCID: PMC9882435 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.15.23284576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Satellite-based PM2.5 predictions are being used to advance exposure science and air-pollution epidemiology in developed countries; including emerging evidence about the impacts of PM2.5 on acute health outcomes beyond the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and the potential modifying effects from individual-level factors in these associations. Research on these topics is lacking in Latin America. Methods We used a time-stratified case-crossover study design with 1,479,950 non-accidental deaths from Mexico City Metropolitan Area for the period of 2004-2019. Daily 1×1 km PM2.5 (median=23.4 μg/m3; IQR=13.6 μg/m3) estimates from our satellite-based regional model were employed for exposure assessment at the sub-municipality level. Associations between PM2.5 with broad-category (organ-system) and cause-specific mortality outcomes were estimated with distributed lag conditional logistic models. We also fit models stratifying by potential individual-level effect modifiers including; age, sex, and individual SES-related characteristics namely: education, health insurance coverage, and job categories. Results PM2.5 exposure was associated with higher total non-accidental, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, respiratory, and digestive mortality. A 10-μg/m3 PM2.5 higher cumulative exposure over one week (lag06) was associated with higher cause-specific mortality outcomes including hypertensive disease [2.28% (95%CI: 0.26%-4.33%)], acute ischemic heart disease [1.61% (95%CI: 0.59%-2.64%)], other forms of heart disease [2.39% (95%CI: -0.35%-5.20%)], hemorrhagic stroke [3.63% (95%CI: 0.79%-6.55%)], influenza and pneumonia [4.91% (95%CI: 2.84%-7.02%)], chronic respiratory disease [2.49% (95%CI: 0.71%-4.31%)], diseases of the liver [1.85% (95%CI: 0.31%-3.41%)], and renal failure [3.48% (95%CI: 0.79%-6.24%)]. No differences in effect size of associations were observed between SES strata. Conclusions Exposure to PM2.5 was associated with mortality outcomes beyond the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, including specific death-causes from the digestive and genitourinary systems, with no indications of effect modification by individual SES-related characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Gutiérrez-Avila
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johnathan Rush
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Unidad de Investigación en Salud Ocupacional, México City, México
| | | | - Allan C. Just
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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25
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Yount CS, Utell MJ, Hopke PK, Thurston SW, Lin S, Ling FS, Chen Y, Chalupa D, Deng X, Rich DQ. Triggering of ST-elevation myocardial infarction by ultrafine particles in New York: Changes following Tier 3 vehicle introduction. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114445. [PMID: 36181892 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we found increased rates of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) associated with increased ultrafine particle (UFP; <100 nm) concentrations in the previous few hours in Rochester, New York. Relative rates were higher after air quality policies and a recession reduced pollutant concentrations (2014-2016 versus 2005-2013), suggesting PM composition had changed and the same PM mass concentration had become more toxic. Tier 3 light duty vehicles, which should produce less primary organic aerosols and oxidizable gaseous compounds, likely making PM less toxic, were introduced in 2017. Thus, we hypothesized we would observe a lower relative STEMI rate in 2017-2019 than 2014-2016. METHODS Using STEMI events treated at the University of Rochester Medical Center (2014-2019), UFP and other pollutants measured in Rochester, a case-crossover design, and conditional logistic regression models, we estimated the rate of STEMI associated with increased UFP and other pollutants in the previous hours and days in the 2014-2016 and 2017-2019 periods. RESULTS An increased rate of STEMI was associated with each 3111 particles/cm3 increase in UFP concentration in the previous hour in 2014-2016 (lag hour 0: OR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.39), but not in 2017-2019 (OR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.80, 1.10). There were similar patterns for black carbon, UFP11-50nm, and UFP51-100nm. In contrast, increased rates of STEMI were associated with each 0.6 ppb increase in SO2 concentration in the previous 120 h in both periods (2014-2016: OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.55; 2017-2019: OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.87, 1.68). CONCLUSIONS Greater rates of STEMI were associated with short term increases in concentrations of UFP and other motor vehicle related pollutants before Tier 3 introduction (2014-2016), but not afterwards (2017-2019). This change may be due to changes in PM composition after Tier 3 introduction, as well as to increased exposure misclassification and greater underestimation of effects from 2017 to 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S Yount
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Boulevard CU420644, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Mark J Utell
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box 692, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box EHSC, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Boulevard CU420644, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Center for Air and Aquatic Resources Engineering and Sciences, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue Box 5708, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA
| | - Sally W Thurston
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box EHSC, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, 265 Crittenden Boulevard CU420630, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Environmental Health, University at Albany School of Public Health, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Frederick S Ling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Yunle Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Boulevard CU420644, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - David Chalupa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box EHSC, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Xinlei Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, University at Albany School of Public Health, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - David Q Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Boulevard CU420644, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box 692, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box EHSC, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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26
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Demoury C, De Troeyer K, Berete F, Aerts R, Van Schaeybroeck B, Van der Heyden J, De Clercq EM. Association between temperature and natural mortality in Belgium: Effect modification by individual characteristics and residential environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158336. [PMID: 36037893 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is strong evidence of mortality being associated to extreme temperatures but the extent to which individual or residential factors modulate this temperature vulnerability is less clear. METHODS We conducted a multi-city study with a time-stratified case-crossover design and used conditional logistic regression to examine the association between extreme temperatures and overall natural and cause-specific mortality. City-specific estimates were pooled using a random-effect meta-analysis to describe the global association. Cold and heat effects were assessed by comparing the mortality risks corresponding to the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of the daily temperature, respectively, with the minimum mortality temperature. For cold, we cumulated the risk over lags of 0 to 28 days before death and 0 to 7 days for heat. We carried out stratified analyses and assessed effect modification by individual characteristics, preexisting chronic health conditions and residential environment (population density, built-up area and air pollutants: PM2.5, NO2, O3 and black carbon) to identify more vulnerable population subgroups. RESULTS Based on 307,859 deaths from natural causes, we found significant cold effect (OR = 1.42, 95%CI: 1.30-1.57) and heat effect (OR = 1.17, 95%CI: 1.12-1.21) for overall natural mortality and for respiratory causes in particular. There were significant effects modifications for some health conditions: people with asthma were at higher risk for cold, and people with psychoses for heat. In addition, people with long or frequent hospital admissions in the year preceding death were at lower risk. Despite large uncertainties, there was suggestion of effect modification by air pollutants: the effect of heat was higher on more polluted days of O3 and black carbon, and a higher cold effect was observed on more polluted days of PM2.5 and NO2 while for O3, the effect was lower. CONCLUSIONS These findings allow for targeted planning of public-health measures aiming to prevent the effects of extreme temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Demoury
- Risk and Health Impact Assessment, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | - Finaba Berete
- Lifestyle and Chronic Diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raf Aerts
- Risk and Health Impact Assessment, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium; Division Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Environmental Sciences, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Bert Van Schaeybroeck
- Department of Meteorological Research and Development, Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Eva M De Clercq
- Risk and Health Impact Assessment, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
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Zhang F, Zhang X, Zhu S, Zhao G, Li T, Han A, Zhang X, Zhao T, Li D, Zhu W. The associations between short-term exposure to ambient particulate matter and hospitalizations for osteoporotic fracture in Hangzhou: a time-stratified case-crossover study. Arch Osteoporos 2022; 18:4. [PMID: 36469172 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-022-01192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our results suggested that short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) might increase the risks of hospitalizations for osteoporotic fractures. Government should protect its citizens by putting in place policies to reduce unhealthy emissions and air pollution. INTRODUCTION Osteoporotic fractures are accompanied by high rates of disability and mortality. PM has been linked with many health outcomes. However, few studies focus on the association of short-term exposure to ambient PM and osteoporotic fractures. METHODS Data on daily mean air pollution, meteorological factors, and hospitalizations for osteoporotic fractures were collected from Hangzhou, China, 2020-2021. A time-stratified case-crossover design with extended Cox proportional hazards regression was applied to assess the associations between PM and osteoporotic fractures. RESULTS Short-term exposure to PM significantly increased the risks of hospitalizations for osteoporotic fractures at cumulative lag days. Per 10 μg/m3 increased in PM2.5 (PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm), PMC (PM with an aerodynamic diameter between 2.5 μm and 10 μm), and PM10 (PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm) were associated with 5.65% (95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.29, 10.19), 3.19% (0.11, 6.36), and 2.45% (0.57, 4.37) increase in hospitalizations for osteoporotic fractures, respectively. Significant PM-osteoporotic fracture associations were only observed in females and people aged over 65 years old. For the season, the estimates of PM on hospitalizations for osteoporotic fractures were 6.30% (95% CIs: 1.62, 11.20) in the cold season vs. 2.16% (95% CIs: - 4.62, 9.42) in the warm season for per 10 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5, and 0.99 (95% CIs: - 2.69, 4.80) vs. 6.72% (95% CIs: 0.68, 13.13) for PMC. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed PM was positively linked with the risk of osteoporotic fractures. Females and people aged over 65 years old were more susceptible to PM. The adverse impacts of PM2.5 in the cold season and PMC in the warm season were worthy of special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faxue Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xupeng Zhang
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shijie Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Gaichan Zhao
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tianzhou Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Aojing Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tingxiao Zhao
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Dejia Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Zhou P, Hu J, Yu C, Bao J, Luo S, Shi Z, Yuan Y, Mo S, Yin Z, Zhang Y. Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter constituents and mortality: case-crossover evidence from 32 counties in China. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:2527-2538. [PMID: 35713841 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of studies associated increased mortality with exposures to specific fine particulate (PM2.5) constituents, while great heterogeneity exists between locations. In China, evidence linking PM2.5 constituents and mortality was extensively sparse. This study primarily aimed to quantify short-term associations between PM2.5 constituents and non-accidental mortality among the Chinese population. We collected daily mortality records from 32 counties in China between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2013. Daily concentrations of main PM2.5 constituents (organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-), and ammonium (NH4+)) were estimated using the modified Community Multiscale Air Quality model. Time-stratified case-crossover design with conditional logistic regression models was adopted to estimate mortality risks associated with short-term exposures to PM2.5 mass and its constituents. Stratification analyses were done by sex, age, and season. A total of 116,959 non-accidental deaths were investigated. PM2.5 concentrations on the day of death were averaged at 75.7 µg m-3 (control day: 75.6 µg m-3), with an interquartile range (IQR) of 65.2 µg m-3. Per IQR rise in PM2.5, EC, OC, NO3-, SO42-, and NH4+ at lag-04 day was associated with an increase in non-accidental mortality of 2.4% (95% confidence interval, (1.0-3.7), 1.7% (0.8-2.7), 2.9% (1.6-4.3), 2.1% (0.4-3.9), 1.0% (0.2-1.9), and 1.6% (0.3-2.9), respectively. Both PM2.5 mass and its constituents were strongly associated with elevated cardiovascular mortality risks, but only PM2.5, EC, and OC were positively associated with respiratory mortality at lag-3 day. PM2.5 mass and its constituents associated effects on mortality varied among sex- and age-specific subpopulations. Differences in the seasonal pattern of associations exist among PM2.5 constituents, with stronger effects related to EC and NO3- in warm months but SO42- and NH4+ in cold months. Short-term exposures to PM2.5 compositions were positively associated with increased risks of mortality, particularly those constituents from combustion-related sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixuan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Junzhe Bao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Siqi Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Zhihao Shi
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Shaocai Mo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Zhouxin Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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Guolo F, Stivanello E, Pizzi L, Georgiadis T, Cremonini L, Musti MA, Nardino M, Ferretti F, Marzaroli P, Perlangeli V, Pandolfi P, Miglio R. Emergency Department Visits and Summer Temperatures in Bologna, Northern Italy, 2010-2019: A Case-Crossover Study and Geographically Weighted Regression Methods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15592. [PMID: 36497667 PMCID: PMC9736574 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to evaluate the association between summer temperatures and emergency department visits (EDVs) in Bologna (Italy) and assess whether this association varies across areas with different socioeconomic and microclimatic characteristics. We included all EDVs within Bologna residences during the summers of 2010-2019. Each subject is attributed a deprivation and a microclimatic discomfort index according to the residence. A time-stratified case-crossover design was conducted to estimate the risk of EDV associated with temperature and the effect modification of deprivation and microclimatic characteristics. In addition, a spatial analysis of data aggregated at the census block level was conducted by applying a Poisson and a geographically weighted Poisson regression model. For each unit increase in temperature above 26 °C, the risk of EDV increases by 0.4% (95%CI: 0.05-0.8). The temperature-EDV relationship is not modified by the microclimatic discomfort index but rather by the deprivation index. The spatial analysis shows that the EDV rate increases with deprivation homogeneously, while it diminishes with increases in median income and microclimatic discomfort, with differences across areas. In conclusion, in Bologna, the EDV risk associated with high temperatures is not very relevant overall, but it tends to increase in areas with a low socioeconomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Guolo
- Department of Public Health, Local Health Authority of Bologna, 40121 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Stivanello
- Department of Public Health, Local Health Authority of Bologna, 40121 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pizzi
- Governance of Screening Programs Unit, Local Health Authority of Bologna, 40121 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Muriel Assunta Musti
- Department of Public Health, Local Health Authority of Bologna, 40121 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Ferretti
- Department of Public Health, Local Health Authority of Bologna, 40121 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Marzaroli
- Department of Public Health, Local Health Authority of Bologna, 40121 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenza Perlangeli
- Department of Public Health, Local Health Authority of Bologna, 40121 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Pandolfi
- Department of Public Health, Local Health Authority of Bologna, 40121 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rossella Miglio
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Zhang Y, Li W, Jiang N, Liu S, Liang J, Wei N, Liu Y, Tian Y, Feng D, Wang J, Wei C, Tang X, Li T, Gao P. Associations between short-term exposure of PM 2.5 constituents and hospital admissions of cardiovascular diseases among 18 major Chinese cities. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 246:114149. [PMID: 36228357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies showed different risk effects on exposure of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) mass for cardiovascular disease (CVD) globally, which is likely due to different constituents of PM2.5. This study aimed to investigate the association between short-term exposure of PM2.5 constituents and hospital admissions of CVD. Daily counts of city-specific hospital admissions for CVD in 18 cities in China between 2014 and 2017 were extracted from the national Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance database and the Beijing Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning Information Center database. Directly measured PM2.5 constituents, including ions and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were collected by the Chinese Environmental Public Health Tracking system. We used the time-stratified case-crossover design to estimate the association between PM2.5 constituents and hospital admissions of CVD. Concentrations of ions accounted for the majority of the detected constituents. Excess risk (ER) of average ions concentrations for CVD was highest as 2.30% (95% CI: 1.62-2.99%) for NH4+, whose major sources are residential and agricultural emissions. This was followed by 1.85% (1.30-2.41%) for NO3- (generally from vehicles), 0.95% (0.28-1.63%) for SO42- (often from fossil fuel burning) respectively. The association for ions were generally consistent with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and ischemic stroke, e.g., NH4+ was associated with IHD (2.50%; 1.52-3.48%) and ischemic stroke (1.77%; 0.65-2.9%). For polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), mainly from coal and vehicle-related oil combustion, the constituents were all associated with ischemic stroke but not for IHD. The ER for ischemic stroke was highest at 1.69% (0.99-2.39%) for indeno (123-cd) pyrene. Thus, in terms of the subtypes of CVD, the risks of hospital admissions varied with exposure to different PM2.5 constituents. Exposed to NH4+ had the highest risk to IHD and ischemic stroke, whereas PAHs were predominately associated with ischemic stroke only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shudan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Nana Wei
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yaohua Tian
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Da Feng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxi Wang
- Beijing HealthCom Data Technology Co, Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Pei Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Real-world Evidence evaluation, Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
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Kim H, Samet JM, Bell ML. Association between Short-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and COVID-19 Mortality: A Population-Based Case-Crossover Study Using Individual-Level Mortality Registry Confirmed by Medical Examiners. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:117006. [PMID: 36367781 PMCID: PMC9651183 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have suggested links between ambient air pollution and coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) mortality, yet confirmation by well-designed epidemiological studies with individual data is needed. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine whether short-term exposure to air pollution is associated with risk of mortality from COVID-19 for those infected with COVID-19. METHODS The Cook County Medical Examiner's Office reports individual-level data for deaths from COVID-19 that occur in its jurisdiction, which includes all confirmed COVID-19 deaths in Cook County, Illinois. Case-crossover analysis was conducted to estimate the associations of estimated short-term exposures to particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) on the day of death and up to 21 d before death at location of death with COVID-19. A total of 7,462 deaths from COVID-19 that occurred up to 28 February 2021 were included in the final analysis. We adjusted for potential confounders by time-stratified case-crossover design and by covariate adjustments (i.e., time-invariant factors, meteorological factors, viral transmission, seasonality, and time trend). RESULTS Of the 7,462 case and 25,457 self-control days, almost all were days with exposure levels below the PM2.5 24-h National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) (35 μg/m3); 98.9% had O3 levels below the maximum 8-h NAAQS (35.7 μg/m3 or 70 parts per billion). An interquartile range (IQR) increase (5.2 μg/m3) in cumulative 3-wk PM2.5 exposure was associated with a 69.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 34.6, 113.8] increase in risk of COVID-19 mortality. An IQR increase (8.2 μg/m3) in 3-d O3 exposure was associated with a 29.0% (95% CI: 9.9, 51.5) increase in risk of COVID-19 mortality. The associations differed by demographics or race/ethnicity. There was indication of modification of the associations by some comorbid conditions. DISCUSSION Short-term exposure to air pollution below the NAAQS may increase the mortality burden from COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10836.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghyok Kim
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Samet
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michelle L. Bell
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Li H, Dalbeth N, Wallace ZS, Sparks JA, Li X, Zeng C, Wang Y, Xie D, Lei G, Wei J, Zhang Y. Risk of gout flares after COVID-19 vaccination: A case-crossover study. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2022; 56:152059. [PMID: 35797765 PMCID: PMC9239705 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2022.152059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Routine vaccinations are associated with an increased risk of gout flares. We examined the association between COVID-19 vaccination, an immunization program implemented to a large proportion of population, and the risk of gout flares. METHODS We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study among patients with gout who experienced gout flares between December 2020 and September 2021, using data from The Health Improvement Network. We compared the risk of gout flares on each of the seven days on and after the day of COVID-19 vaccination vs. no vaccination during that period using conditional logistic regression. In addition, we performed subgroup analyses stratified by different COVID-19 vaccines (i.e., BNT162b2, hereafter referred to as BNT, and ChAdOx1 nCov-19, hereafter referred to as ChAd). RESULTS Among 5,904 patients with gout (mean age: 63·1 years; 85·5% male) who experienced gout flares within one month, the risk of gout flares slightly increased on the second day after COVID-19 vaccination (odds ratio: 1·44; 95% CI: 1·02 to 2·07). The risk of gout flares also slightly increased after receiving COVID-19 vaccine on other remaining days (ORs ranged from 1·03 to 1·22); however, none of them was statistically significant. An increased risk of gout flares on the second day after vaccination was mainly observed for the ChAd vaccine (odds ratio: 1·44; 95% CI: 1·00 to 2·05), but not for BNT vaccine (odds ratio: 1·18; 95% CI: 0·67 to 2·02). CONCLUSION COVID-19 vaccination, mainly ChAd vaccination, slightly increases the risk of gout flares on the second day after vaccination. This finding reassures the safety of COVID-19 vaccination for patients with gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zachary S Wallace
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,The Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Sparks
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yilun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongxing Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guanghua Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Department of Epidemiology and Health statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China,Corresponding authors
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,The Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Corresponding authors
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Thongphunchung K, Charoensuk P, U-tapan S, Loonsamrong W, Phosri A, Mahikul W. Outpatient Department Visits and Mortality with Various Causes Attributable to Ambient Air Pollution in the Eastern Economic Corridor of Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137683. [PMID: 35805343 PMCID: PMC9265572 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Eastern Economic Corridor in Thailand is undergoing development, but industrial activities are causing serious air pollution. This study aimed to examine the effects of particulate matter (PM10), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), SO2, NO2, O3, and CO on outpatient department (OPD) visits and mortality with various causes in the Eastern Economic Corridor, Thailand between 2013 and 2019 using a case-crossover design and conditional Poisson model. The corresponding burden of disease due to air pollution exposure was calculated. A 1 µg/m3 increase in the PM10 was associated with significant increases in OPD visits for circulatory diseases (0.22, 95% CI 0.01, 0.34), respiratory diseases (0.21, 95% CI 0.13, 0.28), and skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases (0.18, 95% CI 0.10, 0.26). By contrast, a 1 µg/m3 increase in the PM10 was associated with significant increases in mortality from skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases (0.79, 95% CI 0.04, 1.56). A 1 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with significant increases in mortality from circulatory diseases (0.75, 95% CI 0.20, 1.34), respiratory diseases (0.82, 95% CI 0.02, 1.63), and skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases (2.91, 95% CI 0.99, 4.86). The highest OPD burden was for circulatory diseases. Respiratory effects were attributed to PM10 exceeding the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) of Thailand (120 μg/m3). The highest morbidity burden was for skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases attributed to PM2.5 concentrations that exceeded the NAAQs (50 μg/m3). PM pollution in the EEC could strongly contribute to OPD visits and morbidity from various diseases. Preventing PM10 concentrations from being higher than 60 µg/m3 could decrease OPD visits by more than 33,265 and 29,813 for circulatory and respiratory diseases, respectively. Our study suggests that such pollution increases the risks of OPD visits and mortality in various causes in the Thai EEC. Reducing the ambient air pollution concentration of NAAQSs in Thailand could reduce the health effect on the Thai population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanut Thongphunchung
- Health Impact Assessment Division, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (K.T.); (P.C.); (S.U.-t.); (W.L.)
| | - Panita Charoensuk
- Health Impact Assessment Division, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (K.T.); (P.C.); (S.U.-t.); (W.L.)
| | - Sutida U-tapan
- Health Impact Assessment Division, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (K.T.); (P.C.); (S.U.-t.); (W.L.)
| | - Wassana Loonsamrong
- Health Impact Assessment Division, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (K.T.); (P.C.); (S.U.-t.); (W.L.)
| | - Arthit Phosri
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wiriya Mahikul
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-93194-2944
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Bruyneel L, Kestens W, Alberty M, Karakaya G, Van Woensel R, Horemans C, Trimpeneers E, Vanpoucke C, Fierens F, Nawrot TS, Cox B. Short-Term exposure to ambient air pollution and onset of work incapacity related to mental health conditions. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 164:107245. [PMID: 35461095 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The OECD estimates that greater work absenteeism is one of the main drivers behind the impact of air pollution on gross domestic product loss, but research linking air pollution with work absenteeism is scarce. With air pollution increasingly being linked to poor mental health, and poor mental health having become one of the main reasons for work absenteeism, we examined whether the onset of work incapacity related to mental health conditions is associated with short-term fluctuations in ambient black carbon (BC), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), estimating the contributions of these pollutants jointly, while accounting for relative humidity, total solar radiation and temperature. We conducted a bidirectional time-stratified case-crossover study with daily air pollution estimates by municipality linked with 12 270 events of work incapacity related to mental health conditions in 2019 in Belgium. We ran single- and multi-pollutant conditional logistic regression models for three different exposure windows (lag 0, 0-1 and 0-2), considering potential confounding by relative humidity and total solar radiation. We observed positive associations between work incapacity related to mental health conditions and BC, NO2, and O3 exposure, but findings for PM2.5 were inconsistent. Results from multi-pollutant models showed a 12% higher risk of work incapacity for an IQR increase in NO2 and O3 at the day of the event (lag 0), with estimates increasing to about 26% for average concentrations up to two days before the event (lag 0-2). We found evidence for effect modification by age and season in the association with NO2, with highest effect estimates in the age group 40-49 years and in spring and summer. For O3, we observed effect modification by type of mental health problem. This country-wide study suggests that air pollution aggravates within 48 h a likely existing propensity to enter work incapacity because of mental health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luk Bruyneel
- Independent Health Insurance Funds, Brussels, Belgium; Leuven Institute for Healthcare Policy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wies Kestens
- Independent Health Insurance Funds, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Alberty
- Independent Health Insurance Funds, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Frans Fierens
- Belgian Interregional Environment Agency, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Centre for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bianca Cox
- Leuven Institute for Healthcare Policy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Wei Y, Qiu X, Sabath MB, Yazdi MD, Yin K, Li L, Peralta AA, Wang C, Koutrakis P, Zanobetti A, Dominici F, Schwartz JD. Air Pollutants and Asthma Hospitalization in the Medicaid Population. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205:1075-1083. [PMID: 35073244 PMCID: PMC9851478 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202107-1596oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Risk of asthma hospitalization and its disparities associated with air pollutant exposures are less clear within socioeconomically disadvantaged populations, particularly at low degrees of exposure. Objectives: To assess effects of short-term exposures to fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ⩽2.5 μm [PM2.5]), warm-season ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on risk of asthma hospitalization among national Medicaid beneficiaries, the most disadvantaged population in the United States, and to test whether any subpopulations were at higher risk. Methods: We constructed a time-stratified case-crossover dataset among 1,627,002 hospitalizations during 2000-2012 and estimated risk of asthma hospitalization associated with short-term PM2.5, O3, and NO2 exposures. We then restricted the analysis to hospitalizations with degrees of exposure below increasingly stringent thresholds. Furthermore, we tested effect modifications by individual- and community-level characteristics. Measurements and Main Results: Each 1-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, 1-ppb increase in O3, and 1-ppb increase in NO2 was associated with 0.31% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-0.37%), 0.10% (95% CI, 0.05 - 0.15%), and 0.28% (95% CI, 0.24 - 0.32%) increase in risk of asthma hospitalization, respectively. Low-level PM2.5 and NO2 exposures were associated with higher risk. Furthermore, beneficiaries with only one asthma hospitalization during the study period or in communities with lower population density, higher average body mass index, longer distance to the nearest hospital, or greater neighborhood deprivation experienced higher risk. Conclusions: Short-term air pollutant exposures increased risk of asthma hospitalization among Medicaid beneficiaries, even at concentrations well below national standards. The subgroup differences suggested individual and contextual factors contributed to asthma disparities under effects of air pollutant exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kanhua Yin
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joel D. Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and
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Nori-Sarma A, Sun S, Sun Y, Spangler KR, Oblath R, Galea S, Gradus JL, Wellenius GA. Association Between Ambient Heat and Risk of Emergency Department Visits for Mental Health Among US Adults, 2010 to 2019. JAMA Psychiatry 2022; 79:341-349. [PMID: 35195664 PMCID: PMC8867392 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.4369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The implications of extreme heat for physical health outcomes have been well documented. However, the association between elevated ambient temperature and specific mental health conditions remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between ambient heat and mental health-related emergency department (ED) visits in the contiguous US among adults overall and among potentially sensitive subgroups. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This case-crossover study used medical claims data obtained from OptumLabs Data Warehouse (OLDW) to identify claims for ED visits with a primary or secondary discharge psychiatric diagnosis during warm-season months (May to September) from 2010 through 2019. Claims for adults aged 18 years or older with commercial or Medicare Advantage health insurance who were living in 2775 US counties were included in the analysis. Emergency department visits were excluded if the Clinical Classifications Software code indicated that the visits were for screening for mental health outcomes and impulse control disorders. EXPOSURES County-specific daily maximum ambient temperature on a continuous scale was estimated using the Parameter-Elevation Relationships on Independent Slopes model. Extreme heat was defined as the 95th percentile of the county-specific warm-season temperature distribution. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The daily incidence rate of cause-specific mental health diagnoses and a composite end point of any mental health diagnosis were assessed by identifying ED visit claims using primary and secondary discharge diagnosis International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% CIs for the association between daily temperature and incidence rates of ED visits. RESULTS Data from 3 496 762 ED visits among 2 243 395 unique individuals were identified (56.8% [1 274 456] women; mean [SD] age, 51.0 [18.8] years); of these individuals, 14.3% were aged 18 to 26 years, 25.6% were aged 27 to 44 years, 33.3% were aged 45 to 64 years, and 26.8% were aged 65 years or older. Days of extreme heat were associated with an IRR of 1.08 (95% CI, 1.07-1.09) for ED visits for any mental health condition. Associations between extreme heat and ED visits were found for specific mental health conditions, including substance use disorders (IRR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.07-1.10); anxiety, stress-related, and somatoform disorders (IRR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05-1.09); mood disorders (IRR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05-1.09); schizophrenia, schizotypal, and delusional disorders (IRR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.07); self-harm (IRR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.12); and childhood-onset behavioral disorders (IRR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05-1.18). In addition, associations were higher among men (IRR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.08-1.12) and in the US Northeast (IRR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.07-1.13), Midwest (IRR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.09-1.13), and Northwest (IRR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.03-1.21) regions. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this case-crossover study of a large population of US adults with health insurance, days of extreme heat were associated with higher rates of mental health-related ED visits. This finding may be informative for clinicians providing mental health services during periods of extreme heat to prepare for increases in health service needs when times of extreme heat are anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta Nori-Sarma
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shengzhi Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- OptumLabs Visiting Scholar, Eden Prairie, Minnesota
| | - Yuantong Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keith R. Spangler
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel Oblath
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sandro Galea
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jaimie L. Gradus
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory A. Wellenius
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- OptumLabs Visiting Scholar, Eden Prairie, Minnesota
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Lavigne E, Ryti N, Gasparrini A, Sera F, Weichenthal S, Chen H, To T, Evans GJ, Sun L, Dheri A, Lemogo L, Kotchi SO, Stieb D. Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and individual emergency department visits for COVID-19: a case-crossover study in Canada. Thorax 2022; 78:459-466. [PMID: 35361687 PMCID: PMC8983401 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Ambient air pollution is thought to contribute to increased risk of COVID-19, but the evidence is controversial. Objective To evaluate the associations between short-term variations in outdoor concentrations of ambient air pollution and COVID-19 emergency department (ED) visits. Methods We conducted a case-crossover study of 78 255 COVID-19 ED visits in Alberta and Ontario, Canada between 1 March 2020 and 31 March 2021. Daily air pollution data (ie, fine particulate matter with diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone were assigned to individual case of COVID-19 in 10 km × 10 km grid resolution. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate associations between air pollution and ED visits for COVID-19. Results Cumulative ambient exposure over 0–3 days to PM2.5 (OR 1.010; 95% CI 1.004 to 1.015, per 6.2 µg/m3) and NO2 (OR 1.021; 95% CI 1.015 to 1.028, per 7.7 ppb) concentrations were associated with ED visits for COVID-19. We found that the association between PM2.5 and COVID-19 ED visits was stronger among those hospitalised following an ED visit, as a measure of disease severity, (OR 1.023; 95% CI 1.015 to 1.031) compared with those not hospitalised (OR 0.992; 95% CI 0.980 to 1.004) (p value for effect modification=0.04). Conclusions We found associations between short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and COVID-19 ED visits. Exposure to air pollution may also lead to more severe COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lavigne
- Air Sectors Assessment and Exposure Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada .,School of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Niilo Ryti
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antonio Gasparrini
- Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Centre for Statistical Methodology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Francesco Sera
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications "G. Parenti", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Scott Weichenthal
- Air Sectors Assessment and Exposure Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hong Chen
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Teresa To
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Greg J Evans
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liu Sun
- Air Sectors Assessment and Exposure Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aman Dheri
- Air Sectors Assessment and Exposure Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lionnel Lemogo
- Environment and Climate Change Canada Montreal Office, Montreal, Ontario, Canada
| | - Serge Olivier Kotchi
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dave Stieb
- School of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Lu W, Tian Q, Xu R, Zhong C, Qiu L, Zhang H, Shi C, Liu Y, Zhou Y. Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and pneumonia hospital admission among patients with COPD: a time-stratified case-crossover study. Respir Res 2022; 23:71. [PMID: 35346202 PMCID: PMC8962484 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-01989-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pneumonia is a major contributor to hospital admission for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, evidence for acute effects of ambient air pollution exposure on pneumonia hospital admission among patients with COPD is scarce. We aimed to examine the association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and pneumonia hospital admission among patients with COPD. Methods We enrolled COPD cases aged ≥ 60 years old and further filtered those who were admitted into hospitals from pneumonia during 2016–2019 in Guangdong province, China for main analysis. A time-stratified case-crossover design was applied to investigate the association and conditional logistic regression model was used for data analysis. We performed inverse distance weighting method to estimate daily individual-level exposure on particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) based on personal residential addresses. Results We included 6473 pneumonia hospital admissions during the study period. Each interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 (lag 2; IQR, 22.1 μg/m3), SO2 (lag 03; IQR, 4.2 μg/m3), NO2 (lag 03; IQR, 21.4 μg/m3), and O3 (lag 04; IQR, 57.9 μg/m3) was associated with an odds ratio in pneumonia hospital admission of 1.043 (95% CI: 1.004–1.083), 1.081 (95% CI: 1.026–1.140), 1.045 (95% CI: 1.005–1.088), and 1.080 (95% CI: 1.018–1.147), respectively. Non-linear trends for PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 were observed in the study. Sex, age at hospital admission, and season at hospital admission did not modify the associations. Conclusions We found significantly positive associations of short-term exposure to PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and O3 with pneumonia hospital admission among COPD patients. It provides new insight for comprehensive pneumonia prevention and treatment among COPD patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-01989-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.,School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Tian
- Guangzhou Health Technology Identification and Human Resources Assessment Center, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruijun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenghui Zhong
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Lan Qiu
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunxiang Shi
- National Meteorological Information Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuewei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China. .,School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China.
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Jin JQ, Han D, Tian Q, Chen ZY, Ye YS, Lin QX, Ou CQ, Li L. Individual exposure to ambient PM 2.5 and hospital admissions for COPD in 110 hospitals: a case-crossover study in Guangzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11699-11706. [PMID: 34545525 PMCID: PMC8794997 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have evaluated the short-term association between hospital admissions and individual exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM2.5). Particularly, no studies focused on hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at the individual level. We assessed the short-term effects of PM2.5 on hospitalization admissions for COPD in Guangzhou, China, during 2014-2015, based on satellite-derived estimates of ambient PM2.5 concentrations at a 1-km resolution near the residential address as individual-level exposure for each patient. Around 40,002 patients with COPD admitted to 110 hospitals were included in this study. A time-stratified case-crossover design with conditional logistic regression models was applied to assess the effects of PM2.5 based on a 1-km grid data of aerosol optical depth provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration on hospital admissions for COPD. Further, we performed stratified analyses by individual demographic characteristics and season of hospital admission. Around 10 μg/m3 increase in individual-level PM2.5 was associated with an increase of 1.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6%, 2.7%) in hospitalization for COPD at a lag of 0-5 days. The impact of PM2.5 on hospitalization for COPD was greater significantly in males and patients admitted in summer. Our study strengthened the evidence for the adverse effect of PM2.5 based on satellite-based individual-level exposure data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Qi Jin
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Dong Han
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Qi Tian
- Guangzhou Health Technology Identification & Human Resources Assessment Center, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhao-Yue Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yun-Shao Ye
- Guangzhou Health Technology Identification & Human Resources Assessment Center, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiao-Xuan Lin
- Guangzhou Health Technology Identification & Human Resources Assessment Center, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chun-Quan Ou
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Li Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Abstract
In the period of 2005 to 2016, multiple air pollution control regulations have entered into effect in the United States at both the Federal and state level. In addition, economic changes have also occurred primarily in the electricity generation sector that substantially changed the emissions from this sector. This combination of policy implementations and economics has led to substantial reductions in PM2.5, its major constituents, and source specific PM2.5 concentrations across the New York State, particularly those of sulfate, nitrate, and primary organic carbon. However, secondary organic carbon and spark-ignition vehicular emission contributions have increased. Related studies of changes in health outcomes, the excess rates of emergency department visits and hospitalizations for a variety of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and respiratory infections have increased per unit mass of PM2.5. It appears that the increased toxicity per unit mass was due to the reduction in low toxicity constituents such that the remaining mass had greater impacts on public health.
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Alsaiqali M, De Troeyer K, Casas L, Hamdi R, Faes C, Van Pottelbergh G. The Effects of Heatwaves on Human Morbidity in Primary Care Settings: A Case-Crossover Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:832. [PMID: 35055653 PMCID: PMC8775418 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study assesses the potential acute effects of heatwaves on human morbidities in primary care settings. METHODS We performed a time-stratified case-crossover study to assess the acute effects of heatwaves on selected morbidities in primary care settings in Flanders, Belgium, between 2000 and 2015. We used conditional logistic regression models. We assessed the effect of heatwaves on the day of the event (lag 0) and X days earlier (lags 1 to X). The associations are presented as Incidence Density Ratios (IDR). RESULTS We included 22,344 events. Heatwaves are associated with increased heat-related morbidities such as heat stroke IDR 3.93 [2.94-5.26] at lag 0, dehydration IDR 3.93 [2.94-5.26] at lag 1, and orthostatic hypotension IDR 2.06 [1.37-3.10] at lag 1. For cardiovascular morbidities studied, there was only an increased risk of stroke at lag 3 IDR 1.45 [1.04-2.03]. There is no significant association with myocardial ischemia/infarction or arrhythmia. Heatwaves are associated with decreased respiratory infection risk. The IDR for upper respiratory infections is 0.82 [0.78-0.87] lag 1 and lower respiratory infections (LRI) is 0.82 [0.74-0.91] at lag 1. There was no significant effect modification by age or premorbid chronic disease (diabetes, hypertesnsion). CONCLUSION Heatwaves are associated with increased heat-related morbidities and decreased respiratory infection risk. The study of heatwaves' effects in primary care settings helps evaluate the impact of heatwaves on the general population. Primary care settings might be not suitable to study acute life-threatening morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Alsaiqali
- Epidemiology and Social Medicine (ESOC), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Katrien De Troeyer
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (K.D.T.); (G.V.P.)
| | - Lidia Casas
- Epidemiology and Social Medicine (ESOC), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Rafiq Hamdi
- Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Christel Faes
- Data Science Institute (DSI), I-BioStat, Hasselt University, BE-3500 Hasselt, Belgium;
| | - Gijs Van Pottelbergh
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (K.D.T.); (G.V.P.)
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Halldorsdottir S, Finnbjornsdottir RG, Elvarsson BT, Gudmundsson G, Rafnsson V. Ambient nitrogen dioxide is associated with emergency hospital visits for atrial fibrillation: a population-based case-crossover study in Reykjavik, Iceland. Environ Health 2022; 21:2. [PMID: 34980118 PMCID: PMC8722049 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Iceland air quality is generally good; however, previous studies indicate that there is an association between air pollution in Reykjavik and adverse health effects as measured by dispensing of medications, mortality, and increase in health care utilisation. The aim was to study the association between traffic-related ambient air pollution in the Reykjavik capital area and emergency hospital visits for heart diseases and particularly atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF). METHODS A multivariate time-stratified case-crossover design was used to study the association. Cases were those patients aged 18 years or older living in the Reykjavik capital area during the study period, 2006-2017, who made emergency visits to Landspitali University Hospital for heart diseases. In this population-based study, the primary discharge diagnoses were registered according to International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10). The pollutants studied were NO2, PM10, PM2.5, and SO2, with adjustment for H2S, temperature, and relative humidity. The 24-h mean of pollutants was used with lag 0 to lag 4. RESULTS During the study period 9536 cases of AF were identified. The 24-h mean NO2 was 20.7 μg/m3. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2 was associated with increased risk of heart diseases (ICD-10: I20-I25, I44-I50), odds ratio (OR) 1.023 (95% CI 1.012-1.034) at lag 0. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2 was associated with an increased risk of AF (ICD-10: I48) on the same day, OR 1.030 (95% CI: 1.011-1.049). Females were at higher risk for AF, OR 1.051 (95% CI 1.019-1.083) at lag 0, and OR 1.050 (95% CI 1.019-1.083) at lag 1. Females aged younger than 71 years had even higher risk for AF, OR 1.077 (95% CI: 1.025-1.131) at lag 0. Significant associations were found for other pollutants and emergency hospital visits, but they were weaker and did not show a discernable pattern. CONCLUSIONS Short-term increase in NO2 concentrations was associated with heart diseases, more precisely with AF. The associations were stronger among females, and among females at younger age. This is the first study in Iceland that finds an association between air pollution and cardiac arrhythmias, so the results should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gunnar Gudmundsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Vilhjalmur Rafnsson
- University of Iceland, Department of Preventive Medicine, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Wang Y, Deng K. Environmental Risk Factors for Talaromycosis Hospitalizations of HIV-Infected Patients in Guangzhou, China: Case Crossover Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:731188. [PMID: 34881254 PMCID: PMC8645774 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.731188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Talaromycosis is a fatal opportunistic infection prevalent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, previous studies suggest environmental humidity is associated with monthly talaromycosis hospitalizations of HIV-infected patients, but the acute risk factor remains uncertain. In this study, we evaluated the associations between talaromycosis hospitalizations of HIV-infected patients (n = 919) and environmental factors including meteorological variables and air pollutants at the event day (assumed "lag 0" since the exact infection date is hard to ascertain) and 1-7 days prior to event day (lag 1-lag 7) in conditional logistics regression models based on a case crossover design. We found that an interquartile range (IQR) increase in temperature at lag 0-lag 7 (odds ratio [OR] [95% CI] ranged from 1.748 [1.345-2.273] to 2.184 [1.672-2.854]), and an IQR increase in humidity at lag 0 (OR [95% CI] = 1.192 [1.052-1.350]), and lag 1 (OR [95% CI] = 1.199 [1.056-1.361]) were significantly associated with talaromycosis hospitalizations of HIV-infected patients. Besides, temperature was also a common predictor for talaromycosis in patients with co-infections including candidiasis (n = 386), Pneumocystis pneumonia (n = 183), pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 141), and chronic hepatitis (n = 158), while humidity was a specific risk factor for talaromycosis in patients with candidiasis, and an air pollutant, SO2, was a specific risk factor for talaromycosis in patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia. In an age stratified evaluation (cutoff = 50 years old), temperature was the only variable positively associated with talaromycosis in both younger and older patients. These findings broaden our understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of talaromycosis in HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Deng
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Lu W, Tian Q, Xu R, Qiu L, Fan Z, Wang S, Liu T, Li J, Li Y, Wang Y, Shi C, Liu Y, Zhou Y. Ambient air pollution and hospitalization for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Benefits from Three-Year Action Plan. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:113034. [PMID: 34861442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) hospitalization has been linked with ambient air pollution. However, the evidence on respiratory health benefits from air pollution control policy in China is limited. OBJECTIVE To investigate benefits from the Three-Year Action Plan to Win the Battle for a Blue Sky (TYAP) for tackling COPD hospitalization due to ambient air pollution. METHODS We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study of 138,015 COPD hospitalizations aged ≥ 60 years in Guangdong province, China during 2016-2019 to investigate respiratory health benefits from TYAP. Inverse distance weighting method was used to assess daily individual-level exposures to ambient air pollutants including particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 µm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3). Conditional logistic regression model was applied to analyze the associations between ambient air pollutants and COPD hospitalization. RESULTS TYAP can modify the associations. Each 10 μg/m3 increase of exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 and 1 mg/m3 increase of exposure to CO were significantly associated with 2.5%, 2.0%, 3.0%, and 14.4% increase in odds of COPD hospitalization before TYAP, respectively; while 1.0%, 0.9%, 1.5%, and 5.8% increase in odds during TYAP. We found prominent declines in health burden of COPD hospitalizations due to air pollution among the elderly after TYAP implication when compared with that before TYAP. CONCLUSION Reduced levels of ambient air pollutants by TYAP can effectively lower the risk for COPD hospitalization among the elderly, which provides evidence on the respiratory health benefits from consistent and effective air pollution control policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Qi Tian
- Guangzhou Health Technology Identification & Human Resources Assessment Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Ruijun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Lan Qiu
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Zhaoyu Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Shuguang Wang
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Yingxin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Chunxiang Shi
- National Meteorological Information Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuewei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Yun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China.
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Sun S, Weinberger KR, Nori-Sarma A, Spangler KR, Sun Y, Dominici F, Wellenius GA. Ambient heat and risks of emergency department visits among adults in the United States: time stratified case crossover study. BMJ 2021; 375:e065653. [PMID: 34819309 PMCID: PMC9397126 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-065653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the association between ambient heat and visits to the emergency department (ED) for any cause and for cause specific conditions in the conterminous United States among adults with health insurance. DESIGN Time stratified case crossover analyses with distributed lag non-linear models. SETTING US nationwide administrative healthcare claims database. PARTICIPANTS All commercial and Medicare Advantage beneficiaries (74.2 million) aged 18 years and older between May and September 2010 to 2019. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Daily rates of ED visits for any cause, heat related illness, renal disease, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and mental disorders based on discharge diagnosis codes. RESULTS 21 996 670 ED visits were recorded among adults with health insurance living in 2939 US counties. Days of extreme heat-defined as the 95th centile of the local warm season (May through September) temperature distribution (at 34.4°C v 14.9°C national average level)-were associated with a 7.8% (95% confidence interval 7.3% to 8.2%) excess relative risk of ED visits for any cause, 66.3% (60.2% to 72.7%) for heat related illness, 30.4% (23.4% to 37.8%) for renal disease, and 7.9% (5.2% to 10.7%) for mental disorders. Days of extreme heat were associated with an excess absolute risk of ED visits for heat related illness of 24.3 (95% confidence interval 22.9 to 25.7) per 100 000 people at risk per day. Heat was not associated with a higher risk of ED visits for cardiovascular or respiratory diseases. Associations were more pronounced among men and in counties in the north east of the US or with a continental climate. CONCLUSIONS Among both younger and older adults, days of extreme heat are associated with a higher risk of ED visits for any cause, heat related illness, renal disease, and mental disorders. These results suggest that the adverse health effects of extreme heat are not limited to older adults and carry important implications for the health of adults across the age spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhi Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston 02118, MA, USA
- OptumLabs, Eden Prairie, MN, USA
| | - Kate R Weinberger
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amruta Nori-Sarma
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston 02118, MA, USA
| | - Keith R Spangler
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston 02118, MA, USA
| | - Yuantong Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston 02118, MA, USA
| | - Francesca Dominici
- Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston 02118, MA, USA
- OptumLabs, Eden Prairie, MN, USA
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Impact of Heat Waves on Hospitalisation and Mortality in Nursing Homes: A Case-Crossover Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010697. [PMID: 34682444 PMCID: PMC8536121 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Climate change leads to more days with extremely hot temperatures. Previous analyses of heat waves have documented a short-term rise in mortality. The results on the relationship between high temperatures and hospitalisations, especially in vulnerable patients admitted to nursing homes, are inconsistent. The objective of this research was to examine the discrepancy between heat-related mortality and morbidity in nursing homes. A time-stratified case-crossover study about the impact of heat waves on mortality and hospitalisations between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2017 was conducted in 10 nursing homes over 5 years in Flanders, Belgium. In this study, the events were deaths and hospitalisations. We selected our control days during the same month as the events and matched them by day of the week. Heat waves were the exposure. Conditional logistic regression models were applied. The associations were reported as odds ratios at lag 0, 1, 2, and 3 and their 95% confidence intervals. In the investigated time period, 3048 hospitalisations took place and 1888 residents died. The conditional logistic regression showed that odds ratios of mortality and hospitalisations during heat waves were 1.61 (95% confidence interval 1.10–2.37) and 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.67–1.36), respectively, at lag 0. Therefore, the increase in mortality during heat waves was statistically significant, but no significant changes in hospitalisations were obtained. Our result suggests that heat waves have an adverse effect on mortality in Flemish nursing homes but have no significant effect on the number of hospitalisations.
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Wu Y, Li S, Guo Y. Space-Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Design in Environmental Epidemiology Study. HEALTH DATA SCIENCE 2021; 2021:9870798. [PMID: 38487511 PMCID: PMC10880144 DOI: 10.34133/2021/9870798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Matters of the Heart: Case-Crossover Analysis of Myocardial Infarction on Valentine's Day. CJC Open 2021; 3:1075-1078. [PMID: 34505046 PMCID: PMC8413234 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the risk of myocardial infarction on Valentine's Day. We conducted a case-crossover study of 51,450 adults with myocardial infarctions in February, 1989-2019. The exposure was Valentine's Day, and the 2 days before and after Valentine's Day. We estimated odds ratios (OR) to compare days when myocardial infarction occurred with neighboring control days. Compared with other days, Valentine's Day was associated with lower odds of myocardial infarction the following day for men (OR 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.85-0.98), but not for men and women combined (OR 0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.91-1.01). Risk of myocardial infarction in men is lower the day after Valentine's Day.
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Bergmans RS, Larson P, Bennion E, Mezuk B, Wozniak MC, Steiner AL, Gronlund CJ. Short-term exposures to atmospheric evergreen, deciduous, grass, and ragweed aeroallergens and the risk of suicide in Ohio, 2007-2015: Exploring disparities by age, gender, and education level. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111450. [PMID: 34102161 PMCID: PMC8404218 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal trends in suicide mortality are observed worldwide, potentially aligning with the seasonal release of aeroallergens. However, only a handful of studies have examined whether aeroallergens increase the risk of suicide, with inconclusive results thus far. The goal of this study was to use a time-stratified case-crossover design to test associations of speciated aeroallergens (evergreen, deciduous, grass, and ragweed) with suicide deaths in Ohio, USA (2007-2015). METHODS Residential addresses for 12,646 persons who died by suicide were linked with environmental data at the 4-25 km grid scale including atmospheric aeroallergen concentrations, maximum temperature, sunlight, particulate matter <2.5 μm, and ozone. A case-crossover design was used to examine same-day and 7-day cumulative lag effects on suicide. Analyses were stratified by age group, gender, and educational level. RESULTS In general, associations were null between aeroallergens and suicide. Stratified analyses revealed a relationship between grass pollen and same-day suicide for women (OR = 3.84; 95% CI = 1.44, 10.22) and those with a high school degree or less (OR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.18, 3.49). CONCLUSIONS While aeroallergens were generally not significantly related to suicide in this sample, these findings provide suggestive evidence for an acute relationship of grass pollen with suicide for women and those with lower education levels. Further research is warranted to determine whether susceptibility to speciated aeroallergens may be driven by underlying biological mechanisms or variation in exposure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Bergmans
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106, USA.
| | - Peter Larson
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106, USA
| | - Erica Bennion
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Briana Mezuk
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Matthew C Wozniak
- Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Allison L Steiner
- Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Carina J Gronlund
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106, USA
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Lee DH, Han J, Jang MJ, Suh MW, Lee JH, Oh SH, Park MK. Association between Meniere's disease and air pollution in South Korea. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13128. [PMID: 34162905 PMCID: PMC8222348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Meniere's disease is thought to be a disorder of the inner ear function, affected by genetic and environmental factors. Several recent studies have shown that air pollution could affect middle and inner ear diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the Meniere's disease occurrence and air pollution status in Korea. This study used a time-stratified case-crossover design. Hospital visit data by Meniere's disease were collected from the Korea National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) database. Daily air pollution data for sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), and particulate matter (PM10: ≤ 10 μm in diameter, and PM2.5: ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter) were collected from the National Ambient air quality Monitoring Information System (NAMIS) database. We used two-stage analysis to assess the association between degree of air pollution and the occurrence of Meniere's disease. In the first stage, region-specific analysis was conducted to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of Meniere's disease risk associated with each air pollutant exposure by using conditional logistic regression for matched case-control sets in 16 regions. In the second stage, region-specific ORs from the first stage were combined and the pooled effect estimates were derived through fixed and random effect meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis was conducted for age, sex, seasonality, and urbanization of residence. In total, 29,646 (32.1% males and 67.9% females) Meniere's disease cases were identified from Korea NHIS-NSC database between 2008 and 2015. Overall, SO2, NO2, CO, and PM10 showed significant correlation with Meniere's disease risk at immediate lags, and weaker correlation at delayed lags, whereas O3 showed slightly negative correlation at the immediate lag (lag0) and PM2.5 did not show strong correlation (SO2: 1.04 [95% confidence interval: 1.01, 1.06]; NO2: 1.08 [1.06, 1.11]; CO: 1.04 [1.02, 1.06]; O3: 0.96 [0.93, 0.99]: statistically significant ORs at lag0 are listed). These positive and negative associations between Meniere's disease and each air pollutant were generally stronger in the age of 40-64, female, summer (June-August) season, and urban subgroups. Our results showed that hospital visits for Meniere's disease were associated with the measured concentrations of ambient air pollutants SO2, NO2, CO, and PM10. Further studies are required to confirm these associations and find their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Han Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Han
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Jang
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung-Whan Suh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ha Oh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo Kyun Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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