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Herron ICT, Laws TR, Nelson M. Marmosets as models of infectious diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1340017. [PMID: 38465237 PMCID: PMC10921895 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1340017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal models of infectious disease often serve a crucial purpose in obtaining licensure of therapeutics and medical countermeasures, particularly in situations where human trials are not feasible, i.e., for those diseases that occur infrequently in the human population. The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a Neotropical new-world (platyrrhines) non-human primate, has gained increasing attention as an animal model for a number of diseases given its small size, availability and evolutionary proximity to humans. This review aims to (i) discuss the pros and cons of the common marmoset as an animal model by providing a brief snapshot of how marmosets are currently utilized in biomedical research, (ii) summarize and evaluate relevant aspects of the marmoset immune system to the study of infectious diseases, (iii) provide a historical backdrop, outlining the significance of infectious diseases and the importance of developing reliable animal models to test novel therapeutics, and (iv) provide a summary of infectious diseases for which a marmoset model exists, followed by an in-depth discussion of the marmoset models of two studied bacterial infectious diseases (tularemia and melioidosis) and one viral infectious disease (viral hepatitis C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C. T. Herron
- CBR Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Salisbury, United Kingdom
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2
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Kim IJ, Tighe MP, Clark MJ, Gromowski GD, Lanthier PA, Travis KL, Bernacki DT, Cookenham TS, Lanzer KG, Szaba FM, Tamhankar MA, Ross CN, Tardif SD, Layne-Colon D, Dick EJ, Gonzalez O, Giraldo Giraldo MI, Patterson JL, Blackman MA. Impact of prior dengue virus infection on Zika virus infection during pregnancy in marmosets. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabq6517. [PMID: 37285402 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq6517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy causes severe developmental defects in newborns, termed congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Factors contributing to a surge in ZIKV-associated CZS are poorly understood. One possibility is that ZIKV may exploit the antibody-dependent enhancement of infection mechanism, mediated by cross-reactive antibodies from prior dengue virus (DENV) infection, which may exacerbate ZIKV infection during pregnancy. In this study, we investigated the impact of prior DENV infection or no DENV infection on ZIKV pathogenesis during pregnancy in a total of four female common marmosets with five or six fetuses per group. The results showed that negative-sense viral RNA copies increased in the placental and fetal tissues of DENV-immune dams but not in DENV-naïve dams. In addition, viral proteins were prevalent in endothelial cells, macrophages, and neonatal Fc receptor-expressing cells in the placental trabeculae and in neuronal cells in the brains of fetuses from DENV-immune dams. DENV-immune marmosets maintained high titers of cross-reactive ZIKV-binding antibodies that were poorly neutralizing, raising the possibility that these antibodies might be involved in the exacerbation of ZIKV infection. These findings need to be verified in a larger study, and the mechanism involved in the exacerbation of ZIKV infection in DENV-immune marmosets needs further investigation. However, the results suggest a potential negative impact of preexisting DENV immunity on subsequent ZIKV infection during pregnancy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Jeong Kim
- Trudeau Institute Inc., Saranac Lake, NY 12983, USA
| | | | | | - Gregory D Gromowski
- Viral Diseases Branch, Center of Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Manasi A Tamhankar
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Corrina N Ross
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Suzette D Tardif
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Donna Layne-Colon
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Edward J Dick
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Olga Gonzalez
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Maria I Giraldo Giraldo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Jean L Patterson
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
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Sabato B, Augusto PSDA, Lima Gonçalves Pereira R, Coutinho Batista Esteves F, Caligiorne SM, Rodrigues Dias Assis B, Apolo Correia Marcelino S, Pires do Espírito Santo L, Dias Dos Reis K, Da Silva Neto L, Goulart G, de Fátima Â, Pierezan F, Toshio Fujiwara R, Castro M, Garcia F. Safety and immunogenicity of the anti-cocaine vaccine UFMG-VAC-V4N2 in a non-human primate model. Vaccine 2023; 41:2127-2136. [PMID: 36822966 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
A promising strategy for cocaine addiction treatment is the anti-drug vaccine. These vaccines induce the production of anticocaine antibodies, capable of linking to cocaine, and decrease the passage of cocaine throughout the blood-brain barrier, decreasing drug activity in the brain. Our research group developed a new vaccine candidate, the UFMG-V4N2, to treat cocaine use disorders (CUD) using an innovative carrier based on calixarenes. This study assessed the safety and immunogenicity of the anti-cocaine vaccine UFMG-VAC-V4N2 in a non-human primate toxicity study using single and multiple vaccine doses. The UFMG-VAC-V4N2 yielded only mild effects in the injection site and did not influence the general health, feeding behavior, or hematological, renal, hepatic, or metabolic parameters in the vaccinated marmosets. The anti-cocaine vaccine UFMG-VAC-V4N2 presented a favorable safety profile and induced the expected immune response in a non-human primate model of Callithrix penicillata. This preclinical UFMG-VAC-V4N2 study responds to the criteria required by international regulatory agencies contributing to future anticocaine clinical trials of this anti-cocaine vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Sabato
- Center of research on Health Vulnerability (Núcleo de Vulnerabilidade e Saúde - NAVES), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Sérgio de Almeida Augusto
- Center of research on Health Vulnerability (Núcleo de Vulnerabilidade e Saúde - NAVES), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Medicina Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil.
| | - Raissa Lima Gonçalves Pereira
- Center of research on Health Vulnerability (Núcleo de Vulnerabilidade e Saúde - NAVES), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Medicina Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Coutinho Batista Esteves
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Genômica de Parasitos, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil
| | - Sordaini M Caligiorne
- Center of research on Health Vulnerability (Núcleo de Vulnerabilidade e Saúde - NAVES), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Rodrigues Dias Assis
- Center of research on Health Vulnerability (Núcleo de Vulnerabilidade e Saúde - NAVES), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Larissa Pires do Espírito Santo
- Center of research on Health Vulnerability (Núcleo de Vulnerabilidade e Saúde - NAVES), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil.
| | - Karine Dias Dos Reis
- Center of research on Health Vulnerability (Núcleo de Vulnerabilidade e Saúde - NAVES), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Da Silva Neto
- Grupo de Estudos em Química Orgânica e Biológica (GEQOB), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerias (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gisele Goulart
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Ângelo de Fátima
- Grupo de Estudos em Química Orgânica e Biológica (GEQOB), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerias (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Pierezan
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerias (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Genômica de Parasitos, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil.
| | - Maila Castro
- Center of research on Health Vulnerability (Núcleo de Vulnerabilidade e Saúde - NAVES), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil.
| | - Frederico Garcia
- Center of research on Health Vulnerability (Núcleo de Vulnerabilidade e Saúde - NAVES), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil; Pós-graduação em Medicina Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil.
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Han HJ, Powers SJ, Gabrielson KL. The Common Marmoset-Biomedical Research Animal Model Applications and Common Spontaneous Diseases. Toxicol Pathol 2022; 50:628-637. [PMID: 35535728 DOI: 10.1177/01926233221095449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Marmosets are becoming more utilized in biomedical research due to multiple advantages including (1) a nonhuman primate of a smaller size with less cost for housing, (2) physiologic similarities to humans, (3) translatable hepatic metabolism, (4) higher numbers of litters per year, (5) genome is sequenced, molecular reagents are available, (6) immunologically similar to humans, (7) transgenic marmosets with germline transmission have been produced, and (8) are naturally occurring hematopoietic chimeras. With more use of marmosets, disease surveillance over a wide range of ages of marmosets has been performed. This has led to a better understanding of the disease management of spontaneous diseases that can occur in colonies. Knowledge of clinical signs and histologic lesions can assist in maximizing the colony's health, allowing for improved outcomes in translational studies within biomedical research. Here, we describe some basic husbandry, biology, common spontaneous diseases, and animal model applications for the common marmoset in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jeong Han
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sarah J Powers
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathleen L Gabrielson
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Mammalian animal models for dengue virus infection: a recent overview. Arch Virol 2021; 167:31-44. [PMID: 34761286 PMCID: PMC8579898 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dengue, a rapidly spreading mosquito-borne human viral disease caused by dengue virus (DENV), is a public health concern in tropical and subtropical areas due to its expanding geographical range. DENV can cause a wide spectrum of illnesses in humans, ranging from asymptomatic infection or mild dengue fever (DF) to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Dengue is caused by four DENV serotypes; however, dengue pathogenesis is complex and poorly understood. Establishing a useful animal model that can exhibit dengue-fever-like signs similar to those in humans is essential to improve our understanding of the host response and pathogenesis of DENV. Although several animal models, including mouse models, non-human primate models, and a recently reported tree shrew model, have been investigated for DENV infection, animal models with clinical signs that are similar to those of DF in humans have not yet been established. Although animal models are essential for understanding the pathogenesis of DENV infection and for drug and vaccine development, each animal model has its own strengths and limitations. Therefore, in this review, we provide a recent overview of animal models for DENV infection and pathogenesis, focusing on studies of the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect in animal models.
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Genotype-Dependent Immunogenicity of Dengue Virus Type 2 Asian I and Asian/American Genotypes in Common Marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus): Discrepancy in Neutralizing and Infection-Enhancing Antibody Levels between Genotypes. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112196. [PMID: 34835327 PMCID: PMC8618970 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to genotype-specific neutralizing antibodies, analyzing differences in the immunogenic variation among dengue virus (DENV) genotypes is central to effective vaccine development. Herein, we characterized the viral kinetics and antibody response induced by DENV type 2 Asian I (AI) and Asian/American (AA) genotypes using marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) as models. Two groups of marmosets were inoculated with AI and AA genotypes, and serial plasma samples were collected. Viremia levels were determined using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, plaque assays, and antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anti-DENV immunoglobulin M and G antibodies, neutralizing antibody titer, and antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) activity were determined using ELISA, plaque reduction neutralization test, and ADE assay, respectively. The AI genotype induced viremia for a longer duration, but the AA genotype induced higher levels of viremia. After four months, the neutralizing antibody titer induced by the AA genotype remained high, but that induced by the AI genotype waned. ADE activity toward Cosmopolitan genotypes was detected in marmosets inoculated with the AI genotype. These findings indicate discrepancies between heterologous genotypes that influence neutralizing antibodies and viremia in marmosets, a critical issue in vaccine development.
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Niranjan R, Kishor S, Kumar A. Matrix metalloproteinases in the pathogenesis of dengue viral disease: Involvement of immune system and newer therapeutic strategies. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4629-4637. [PMID: 33634515 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the burden due to dengue infection is increasing with a recent estimate of 96 million progressing to the disease every year. Dengue pathogenesis and the factors influencing it are not completely known. It is now widely speculated that there is an important role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the initiation and progression of dengue pathogenesis; however, their exact roles are not fully understood. Overactivation of matrix metalloproteinases may contribute to the severity of dengue pathogenesis. Cytokines and various other mediators of inflammation interact with the vascular endothelium and matrix metalloproteinases may be one of the components among them. Extensive plasma leakage into tissue spaces may result in a shock. It is evident in the literature that MMP2 and MMP9 increase in dengue patients is correlated with the severity of the disease; however, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Activation of innate cells and adaptive immune cells which include, B and T cells, macrophages or monocytes and dendritic cells also contribute to the dengue pathology. Newer therapeutic strategies include microRNAs, such as miR-134 (targets MMP3 and MMP1) and MicroRNA-320d, (targets MMP/TIMP proteolytic system). The use of antibodies-based therapeutics like (Andecaliximab; anti-matrix metalloproteinase-9 antibody) is also suggested against MMPs in dengue. In this review, we summarize some recent developments associated with the involvement of immune cells and their mediators associated with the matrix metalloproteinases mediated dengue pathogenesis. We highlight that, there is still very little knowledge about the MMPs in dengue pathogenesis which needs attention and extensive investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituraj Niranjan
- Immunology Laboratory, ICMR-Vector Control Research Center, Puducherry, India
| | - Sumitha Kishor
- Immunology Laboratory, ICMR-Vector Control Research Center, Puducherry, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Immunology Laboratory, ICMR-Vector Control Research Center, Puducherry, India
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Colman RJ, Capuano S, Bakker J, Keeley J, Nakamura K, Ross C. Marmosets: Welfare, Ethical Use, and IACUC/Regulatory Considerations. ILAR J 2021; 61:167-178. [PMID: 33620069 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of marmosets in biomedical research has increased dramatically in recent years due, in large part, to their suitability for transgenic applications and utility as models for neuroscience investigations. This increased use includes the establishment of new colonies and involvement of people new to marmoset research. To facilitate the use of the marmoset as a research model, we provide an overview of issues surrounding the ethics and regulations associated with captive marmoset research, including discussion of the history of marmosets in research, current uses of marmosets, ethical considerations related to marmoset use, issues related to importation of animals, and recommendations for regulatory oversight of gene-edited marmosets. To understand the main concerns that oversight bodies have regarding captive biomedical research with marmosets, we developed a brief, 15-question survey that was then sent electronically to academic and biomedical research institutions worldwide that were believed to house colonies of marmosets intended for biomedical research. The survey included general questions regarding the individual respondent's colony, status of research use of the colony and institutional oversight of both the colony itself and the research use of the colony. We received completed surveys from a total of 18 institutions from North America, Europe, and Asia. Overall, there appeared to be no clear difference in regulatory oversight body concerns between countries/regions. One difference that we were able to appreciate was that while biomedical research with marmosets was noted to be either stable or decreasing in Europe, use was clearly increasing elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricki J Colman
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Saverio Capuano
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jaco Bakker
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Jo Keeley
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Corinna Ross
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, San Antonio, Texas, USA; and Population Health, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Animal Models Used in Hepatitis C Virus Research. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113869. [PMID: 32485887 PMCID: PMC7312079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The narrow range of species permissive to infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) presents a unique challenge to the development of useful animal models for studying HCV, as well as host immune responses and development of chronic infection and disease. Following earlier studies in chimpanzees, several unique approaches have been pursued to develop useful animal models for research while avoiding the important ethical concerns and costs inherent in research with chimpanzees. Genetically related hepatotropic viruses that infect animals are being used as surrogates for HCV in research studies; chimeras of these surrogate viruses harboring specific regions of the HCV genome are being developed to improve their utility for vaccine testing. Concurrently, genetically humanized mice are being developed and continually advanced using human factors known to be involved in virus entry and replication. Further, xenotransplantation of human hepatocytes into mice allows for the direct study of HCV infection in human liver tissue in a small animal model. The current advances in each of these approaches are discussed in the present review.
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Non-Human Primate Models of Dengue Virus Infection: A Comparison of Viremia Levels and Antibody Responses during Primary and Secondary Infection among Old World and New World Monkeys. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9040247. [PMID: 32230836 PMCID: PMC7238212 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the global burden of dengue disease, a vaccine is urgently needed. One of the key points in vaccine development is the development of a robust and reliable animal model of dengue virus infection. Characteristics including the ability to sustain viral replication, demonstration of clinical signs, and immune response that resemble those of human dengue virus infection are vital in animal models. Preclinical studies in vaccine development usually include parameters such as safety evaluation, induction of viremia and antigenemia, immunogenicity, and vaccine effectiveness. Although mice have been used as a model, non-human primates have an advantage over mice because of their relative similarity to humans in their genetic composition and immune responses. This review compares the viremia kinetics and antibody responses of cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fasicularis), common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), and tamarins (Saguinus midas and Saguinus labitus) and summarize the perspectives and the usefulness along with challenges in dengue vaccine development.
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Perley CC, Brocato RL, Kwilas SA, Daye S, Moreau A, Nichols DK, Wetzel KS, Shamblin J, Hooper JW. Three asymptomatic animal infection models of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by hantaviruses. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216700. [PMID: 31075144 PMCID: PMC6510444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantaan virus (HTNV) and Puumala virus (PUUV) are rodent-borne hantaviruses that are the primary causes of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Europe and Asia. The development of well characterized animal models of HTNV and PUUV infection is critical for the evaluation and the potential licensure of HFRS vaccines and therapeutics. In this study we present three animal models of HTNV infection (hamster, ferret and marmoset), and two animal models of PUUV infection (hamster, ferret). Infection of hamsters with a ~3 times the infectious dose 99% (ID99) of HTNV by the intramuscular and ~1 ID99 of HTNV by the intranasal route leads to a persistent asymptomatic infection, characterized by sporadic viremia and high levels of viral genome in the lung, brain and kidney. In contrast, infection of hamsters with ~2 ID99 of PUUV by the intramuscular or ~1 ID99 of PUUV by the intranasal route leads to seroconversion with no detectable viremia, and a transient detection of viral genome. Infection of ferrets with a high dose of either HTNV or PUUV by the intramuscular route leads to seroconversion and gradual weight loss, though kidney function remained unimpaired and serum viremia and viral dissemination to organs was not detected. In marmosets a 1,000 PFU HTNV intramuscular challenge led to robust seroconversion and neutralizing antibody production. Similarly to the ferret model of HTNV infection, no renal impairment, serum viremia or viral dissemination to organs was detected in marmosets. This is the first report of hantavirus infection in ferrets and marmosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey C. Perley
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rebecca L. Brocato
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Kwilas
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sharon Daye
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alicia Moreau
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Donald K. Nichols
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kelly S. Wetzel
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua Shamblin
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jay W. Hooper
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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[Development of in-vitro and in-vivo assays for dengue vaccine and therapeutics evaluation, and pathogenesis studies]. Uirusu 2019; 69:91-98. [PMID: 32938898 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.69.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Dengue drug discovery: Progress, challenges and outlook. Antiviral Res 2018; 163:156-178. [PMID: 30597183 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the context of the only available vaccine (DENGVAXIA) that was marketed in several countries, but poses higher risks to unexposed individuals, the development of antivirals for dengue virus (DENV), whilst challenging, would bring significant benefits to public health. Here recent progress in the field of DENV drug discovery made in academic laboratories and industry is reviewed. Characteristics of an ideal DENV antiviral molecule, given the specific immunopathology provoked by this acute viral infection, are described. New chemical classes identified from biochemical, biophysical and phenotypic screens that target viral (especially NS4B) and host proteins, offer promising opportunities for further development. In particular, new methodologies ("omics") can accelerate the discovery of much awaited flavivirus specific inhibitors. Challenges and opportunities in lead identification activities as well as the path to clinical development of dengue drugs are discussed. To galvanize DENV drug discovery, collaborative public-public partnerships and open-access resources will greatly benefit both the DENV research community and DENV patients.
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Manickam C, Shah SV, Lucar O, Ram DR, Reeves RK. Cytokine-Mediated Tissue Injury in Non-human Primate Models of Viral Infections. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2862. [PMID: 30568659 PMCID: PMC6290327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections trigger robust secretion of interferons and other antiviral cytokines by infected and bystander cells, which in turn can tune the immune response and may lead to viral clearance or immune suppression. However, aberrant or unrestricted cytokine responses can damage host tissues, leading to organ dysfunction, and even death. To understand the cytokine milieu and immune responses in infected host tissues, non-human primate (NHP) models have emerged as important tools. NHP have been used for decades to study human infections and have played significant roles in the development of vaccines, drug therapies and other immune treatment modalities, aided by an ability to control disease parameters, and unrestricted tissue access. In addition to the genetic and physiological similarities with humans, NHP have conserved immunologic properties with over 90% amino acid similarity for most cytokines. For example, human-like symptomology and acute respiratory syndrome is found in cynomolgus macaques infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, antibody enhanced dengue disease is common in neotropical primates, and in NHP models of viral hepatitis cytokine-induced inflammation induces severe liver damage, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma recapitulates human disease. To regulate inflammation, anti-cytokine therapy studies in NHP are underway and will provide important insights for future human interventions. This review will provide a comprehensive outline of the cytokine-mediated exacerbation of disease and tissue damage in NHP models of viral infections and therapeutic strategies that can aid in prevention/treatment of the disease syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordelia Manickam
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Spandan V. Shah
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Olivier Lucar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel R. Ram
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - R. Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
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15
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Terzian ACB, Zini N, Sacchetto L, Rocha RF, Parra MCP, Del Sarto JL, Dias ACF, Coutinho F, Rayra J, da Silva RA, Costa VV, Fernandes NCCDA, Réssio R, Díaz-Delgado J, Guerra J, Cunha MS, Catão-Dias JL, Bittar C, Reis AFN, Santos INPD, Ferreira ACM, Cruz LEAA, Rahal P, Ullmann L, Malossi C, Araújo JPD, Widen S, de Rezende IM, Mello É, Pacca CC, Kroon EG, Trindade G, Drumond B, Chiaravalloti-Neto F, Vasilakis N, Teixeira MM, Nogueira ML. Evidence of natural Zika virus infection in neotropical non-human primates in Brazil. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16034. [PMID: 30375482 PMCID: PMC6207778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In Africa, Old World Primates are involved in the maintenance of sylvatic circulation of ZIKV. However, in Brazil, the hosts for the sylvatic cycle remain unknown. We hypothesized that free-living NHPs might play a role in urban/periurban ZIKV dynamics, thus we undertook an NHP ZIKV investigation in two cities in Brazil. We identified ZIKV-positive NHPs and sequences obtained were phylogenetically related to the American lineage of ZIKV. Additionally, we inoculated four C. penicillata with ZIKV and our results demonstrated that marmosets had a sustained viremia. The natural and experimental infection of NHPs with ZIKV, support the hypothesis that NHPs may be a vertebrate host in the maintainance of ZIKV transmission/circulation in urban tropical settings. Further studies are needed to understand the role they may play in maintaining the urban cycle of the ZIKV and how they may be a conduit in establishing an enzootic transmission cycle in tropical Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina B Terzian
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, CEP: 15090-000, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Zini
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, CEP: 15090-000, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia Sacchetto
- Laboratório de Vírus - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Froes Rocha
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maisa Carla Pereira Parra
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, CEP: 15090-000, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lemos Del Sarto
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Fialho Dias
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe Coutinho
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Rayra
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Alves da Silva
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, CEP: 15090-000, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Vivian Vasconcelos Costa
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Réssio
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL), Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351 - 7 Andar, Sala 706, CEP: 01246-000, Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Josué Díaz-Delgado
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL), Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351 - 7 Andar, Sala 706, CEP: 01246-000, Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Guerra
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL), Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351 - 7 Andar, Sala 706, CEP: 01246-000, Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Cunha
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL), Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351 - 7 Andar, Sala 706, CEP: 01246-000, Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Catão-Dias
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (LAPOCM-FMVZ-USP), Avenida Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP: 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cintia Bittar
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters, and Exact Sciences - São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto - (IBILCE/UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, CEP: 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Andréia Francesli Negri Reis
- Epidemiological Surveillance Departament of São José do Rio Preto, Avenida Romeu Strazzi, 199, CEP: 15084-010, Vila Sinibaldi, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Izalco Nuremberg Penha Dos Santos
- Epidemiological Surveillance Departament of São José do Rio Preto, Avenida Romeu Strazzi, 199, CEP: 15084-010, Vila Sinibaldi, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Andréia Cristina Marascalchi Ferreira
- Epidemiological Surveillance Departament of São José do Rio Preto, Avenida Romeu Strazzi, 199, CEP: 15084-010, Vila Sinibaldi, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lilian Elisa Arão Antônio Cruz
- Epidemiological Surveillance Departament of São José do Rio Preto, Avenida Romeu Strazzi, 199, CEP: 15084-010, Vila Sinibaldi, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters, and Exact Sciences - São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto - (IBILCE/UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, CEP: 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Leila Ullmann
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute for Biotechnology, Alameda das Tecomarias, s/n, CEP: 18607-440, Chácara Capão Bonito, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Malossi
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute for Biotechnology, Alameda das Tecomarias, s/n, CEP: 18607-440, Chácara Capão Bonito, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - João Pessoa de Araújo
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute for Biotechnology, Alameda das Tecomarias, s/n, CEP: 18607-440, Chácara Capão Bonito, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Steven Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-0645, USA
| | - Izabela Maurício de Rezende
- Laboratório de Vírus - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Érica Mello
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Belo Horizonte Council, Rua Édna Quintel, 173, CEP: 31270-705, São Bernardo, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina Colombelli Pacca
- Faceres Medical School, Avenida Anísio Haddad, 6751, CEP: 15090-305, Jardim Francisco Fernandes, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Erna Geessien Kroon
- Laboratório de Vírus - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Giliane Trindade
- Laboratório de Vírus - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Betânia Drumond
- Laboratório de Vírus - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Francisco Chiaravalloti-Neto
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health of the University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 715, CEP: 01246-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology and Center of Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-0609, USA
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maurício Lacerda Nogueira
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, CEP: 15090-000, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
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16
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Borges MB, Marchevsky RS, Mendes YS, Mendes LG, Duarte AC, Cruz M, de Filippis AMB, Vasconcelos PFC, Freire M, Homma A, Mossman S, Lepine E, Vanloubbeeck Y, Lorin C, Malice MP, Caride E, Warter L. Characterization of recent and minimally passaged Brazilian dengue viruses inducing robust infection in rhesus macaques. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196311. [PMID: 29694440 PMCID: PMC5919018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The macaque is widely accepted as a suitable model for preclinical characterization of dengue vaccine candidates. However, the only vaccine for which both preclinical and clinical efficacy results were reported so far showed efficacy levels that were substantially different between macaques and humans. We hypothesized that this model’s predictive capacity may be improved using recent and minimally passaged dengue virus isolates, and by assessing vaccine efficacy by characterizing not only the post-dengue virus challenge viremia/RNAemia but also the associated-cytokine profile. Ten recent and minimally passaged Brazilian clinical isolates from the four dengue virus serotypes were tested for their infectivity in rhesus macaques. For the strains showing robust replication capacity, the associated-changes in soluble mediator levels, and the elicited dengue virus-neutralizing antibody responses, were also characterized. Three isolates from dengue virus serotypes 1, 2 and 4 induced viremia of high magnitude and longer duration relative to previously reported viremia kinetics in this model, and robust dengue virus-neutralizing antibody responses. Consistent with observations in humans, increased MCP-1, IFN-γ and VEGF-A levels, and transiently decreased IL-8 levels were detected after infection with the selected isolates. These results may contribute to establishing a dengue macaque model showing a higher predictability for vaccine efficacy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Cruz
- GSK, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Edith Lepine
- GSK, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
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17
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Azami NAM, Moi ML, Ami Y, Suzaki Y, Lim CK, Taniguchi S, Saijo M, Takasaki T, Kurane I. Genotype-specific and cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies induced by dengue virus infection: detection of antibodies with different levels of neutralizing activities against homologous and heterologous genotypes of dengue virus type 2 in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Virol J 2018; 15:51. [PMID: 29587780 PMCID: PMC5870686 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-0967-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A vaccine against all four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes includes the formulation of one genotype of each serotype. Although genetic similarities among genotypes within a serotype are higher as compared to those among serotypes, differences in the immunogenicity of the included genotypes would be a critical issue in maximizing successful dengue vaccine development. Thus, we determined the neutralizing antibody responses against three genotypes of dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2), namely Cosmopolitan, Asian I, and Asian/American, after primary and secondary inoculation with DENV-2 in a dengue animal model, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). METHODS A total of fifty-four plasma samples were obtained from thirty-four marmosets that were inoculated with clinically-isolated DENV strains or DENV candidate vaccines, were used in this study. Plasma samples were obtained from marmosets after primary inoculation with DENV-2 infection, secondary inoculation with homologous or heterologous genotypes, and tertiary inoculation with heterologous DENV. Neutralizing antibody titers against DENV-2 (Cosmopolitan, Asian I, and Asian/American genotypes) and DENV-1 were determined using a conventional plaque reduction neutralization assay. RESULTS In marmosets that were inoculated with the Cosmopolitan genotype in primary infection, neutralizing antibody neutralized 3 genotypes, and the titers to Asian I genotype were significantly higher than those to homologous Cosmopolitan genotype. After secondary DENV-2 infection with heterologous genotype (Asian I in primary and Asian/American in secondary), neutralizing antibody titers to Asian/American genotype was significantly higher than those against Cosmopolitan and Asian I genotypes. Following tertiary infection with DENV-1 following DENV-2 Asian I and Cosmopolitan genotypes, neutralizing antibody titers to Asian/American were also significantly higher than those against Cosmopolitan and Asian I genotypes. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that different levels of neutralizing antibodies were induced against variable DENV-2 genotypes after primary, secondary and tertiary infections, and that neutralizing antibody titers to some heterologous genotypes were higher than those to homologous genotypes within a serotype. The results indicate that heterogeneity and homogeneity of infecting genotypes influence the levels and cross-reactivity of neutralizing antibodies induced in following infections. The results also suggest that certain genotypes may possess advantage in terms of breakthrough infections against vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Azila Muhammad Azami
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Meng Ling Moi
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ami
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Suzaki
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chang-Kweng Lim
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Taniguchi
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ichiro Kurane
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8640 Japan
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18
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Experimental in vitro and in vivo systems for studying the innate immune response during dengue virus infections. Arch Virol 2018. [PMID: 29520688 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is the most prevalent arboviral disease in humans and leads to significant morbidity and socioeconomic burden in tropical and subtropical areas. Dengue is caused by infection with any of the four closely related serotypes of dengue virus (DENV1-4) and usually manifests as a mild febrile illness, but may develop into fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. There are no specific antiviral therapies against dengue because understanding of DENV biology is limited. A tetravalent chimeric dengue vaccine, Dengvaxia, has finally been licensed for use, but its efficacy was significantly lower against DENV-2 infections and in dengue-naïve individuals. The identification of mechanisms underlying the interactions between DENV and immune responses will help to determine efficient therapeutic and preventive options. It has been well established how the innate immune system responds to DENV infection and how DENV overcomes innate antiviral defenses, however further progress in this field remains hampered by the absence of appropriate experimental dengue models. Herein, we review the available in vitro and in vivo approaches to study the innate immune responses to DENV.
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19
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Kato F, Ishida Y, Kawakami A, Takasaki T, Saijo M, Miura T, Hishiki T. Evaluation of Macaca radiata as a non-human primate model of Dengue virus infection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3421. [PMID: 29467430 PMCID: PMC5821881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21582-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) causes a wide range of illnesses in humans, including dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever. Current animal models of DENV infection are limited for understanding infectious diseases in humans. Bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata), a type of Old World monkey, have been used to study experimental and natural infections by flaviviruses, but Old World monkeys have not yet been used as DENV infection models. In this study, the replication levels of several DENV strains were evaluated using peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Our findings indicated that DENV-4 09-48 strain, isolated from a traveller returning from India in 2009, was a highly replicative virus. Three bonnet monkeys were infected with 09-48 strain and antibody responses were assessed. DENV nonstructural protein 1 antigen was detected and high viraemia was observed. These results indicated that bonnet monkeys and 09-48 strain could be used as a reliable primate model for the study of DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Kato
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ishida
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kawakami
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Takasaki
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miura
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hishiki
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. .,Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
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20
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Abstract
Viruses have long been implicated as triggers of disease onset and progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) and similar neuroinflammatory disorders. Decades of epidemiological, molecular, and pathologic studies have most strongly linked the human herpesviruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) with MS. However, these viruses are ubiquitous in the general population and typically acquired decades before disease presentation, complicating the study of how they might contribute to disease. As experimental animal models may help elucidate mechanisms that have linked viruses with MS, we have been studying HHV-6 infections in a small nonhuman primate. We recently demonstrated that the subsequent induction of an MS-like experimental neuroinflammatory disease results in significantly accelerated disease in HHV-6 inoculated marmosets compared to controls. Ultimately, disease intervention in the form of clinical trials with an antiviral agent is the best way to concretely demonstrate a role for HHV-6 or any other virus in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven Jacobson
- Viral Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, NINDS/NIH, Bethesda, MD
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21
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Animal Models for Dengue and Zika Vaccine Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1062:215-239. [PMID: 29845536 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-8727-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current status of animal models in the study of dengue and Zika are covered in this review. Mouse models deficient in IFN signaling are used to overcome the natural resistance of mice to non-encephalitic flaviviruses. Conditional IFNAR mice and non-human primates (NHP) are useful immuno-competent models. Sterile immunity after dengue vaccination is not observed in NHPs. Placental and fetal development in NHPs is similar to humans, facilitating studies on infection-mediated fetal impairment.
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22
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Moi ML, Ami Y, Muhammad Azami NA, Shirai K, Yoksan S, Suzaki Y, Kitaura K, Lim CK, Saijo M, Suzuki R, Takasaki T, Kurane I. Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) as a non-human primate model for evaluation of candidate dengue vaccines: induction and maintenance of specific protective immunity against challenges with clinical isolates. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2955-2967. [PMID: 29160199 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is one of the major infectious diseases in tropical regions and approximately half of the world population is at risk of infection. Vaccines would offer an effective control measure against this disease. We previously reported on the utility of marmosets as an animal model for studying primary and secondary dengue infections. Infected marmosets consistently develop viraemia and antibody kinetics that reflect those of patients with dengue. Thus, it is important to determine the utility of marmosets as an animal model for demonstrating vaccine efficacy. In this study, marmosets were inoculated with candidate vaccine and parent strains and challenged with a clinical DENV strain. The viraemia and antibody kinetics in these marmosets were determined. Marmosets consistently develop lower viraemia with an attenuated vaccine strain. During secondary challenge, the IgM response was delayed, whereas the IgG levels rose rapidly, indicating a secondary antibody response. The neutralizing activities against the homotypic serotype were high; all marmosets were protected against viraemia following secondary inoculation. The viraemia markers and antibody responses were consistent with those of human DENV infection and vaccinees. These results demonstrate the utility of marmosets as an animal model for the study of vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ling Moi
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ami
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Shirai
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sutee Yoksan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Yuriko Suzaki
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kitaura
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chang-Kweng Lim
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuji Suzuki
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Ichiro Kurane
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Kato F, Ishida Y, Oishi S, Fujii N, Watanabe S, Vasudevan SG, Tajima S, Takasaki T, Suzuki Y, Ichiyama K, Yamamoto N, Yoshii K, Takashima I, Kobayashi T, Miura T, Igarashi T, Hishiki T. Novel antiviral activity of bromocriptine against dengue virus replication. Antiviral Res 2016; 131:141-7. [PMID: 27181378 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infectious disease is a major public health problem worldwide; however, licensed vaccines or specific antiviral drugs against this infection are not available. To identify novel anti-DENV compounds, we screened 1280 pharmacologically active compounds using focus reduction assay. Bromocriptine (BRC) was found to have potent anti-DENV activity and low cytotoxicity (half maximal effective concentration [EC50], 0.8-1.6 μM; and half maximal cytotoxicity concentration [CC50], 53.6 μM). Time-of-drug-addition and time-of-drug-elimination assays suggested that BRC inhibits translation and/or replication steps in the DENV life cycle. A subgenomic replicon system was used to verify that BRC restricts RNA replication step. Furthermore, a single amino acid substitution (N374H) was detected in the NS3 protein that conferred resistance to BRC. In summary, BRC was found to be a novel DENV inhibitor and a potential candidate for the treatment of DENV infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Kato
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Yuki Ishida
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Oishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Fujii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Watanabe
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Subhash G Vasudevan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Shigeru Tajima
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Takasaki
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Youichi Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Koji Ichiyama
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kentaro Yoshii
- Laboratry of Public Health, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ikuo Takashima
- Laboratry of Public Health, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miura
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Igarashi
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hishiki
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Viral Infectious Diseases Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
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24
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Uehara S, Uno Y, Inoue T, Okamoto E, Sasaki E, Yamazaki H. Marmoset cytochrome P450 2J2 mainly expressed in small intestines and livers effectively metabolizes human P450 2J2 probe substrates, astemizole and terfenadine. Xenobiotica 2016; 46:977-85. [PMID: 26899760 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2016.1146366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
1. Common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a New World Monkey, has potential to be a useful animal model in preclinical studies. However, drug metabolizing properties have not been fully understood due to insufficient information on cytochrome P450 (P450), major drug metabolizing enzymes. 2. Marmoset P450 2J2 cDNA was isolated from marmoset livers. The deduced amino acid sequence showed a high-sequence identity (91%) with cynomolgus monkey and human P450 2J2 enzymes. A phylogenetic tree revealed that marmoset P450 2J2 was evolutionarily closer to cynomolgus monkey and human P450 2J2 enzymes, than P450 2J forms in pigs, rabbits, rats or mice. 3. Marmoset P450 2J2 mRNA was abundantly expressed in the small intestine and liver, and to a lesser extent in the brain, lung and kidney. Immunoblot analysis also showed expression of marmoset P450 2J2 protein in the small intestine and liver. 4. Enzyme assays using marmoset P450 2J2 protein heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli indicated that marmoset P450 2J2 effectively catalyzed astemizole O-demethylation and terfenadine t-butyl hydroxylation, similar to human and cynomolgus monkey P450 2J2 enzymes. 5. These results suggest the functional characteristics of P450 2J2 enzymes are similar among marmosets, cynomolgus monkeys and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Uehara
- a Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Uno
- b Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd , Kainan , Wakayama , Japan
| | - Takashi Inoue
- c Department of Applied Developmental Biology , Central Institute for Experimental Animals , Kawasaki , Japan , and
| | - Eriko Okamoto
- a Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Erika Sasaki
- c Department of Applied Developmental Biology , Central Institute for Experimental Animals , Kawasaki , Japan , and.,d Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University , Minato-Ku, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- a Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida , Tokyo , Japan
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25
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Could an experimental dengue virus infection fail to induce solid immunity against homologous viral challenge in non-human primates? Arch Virol 2015; 161:465-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Vasconcelos BCB, Vieira JA, Silva GO, Fernandes TN, Rocha LC, Viana AP, Serique CDS, Filho CS, Bringel RAR, Teixeira FFDL, Ferreira MS, Casseb SMM, Carvalho VL, de Melo KFL, de Castro PHG, Araújo SC, Diniz JAP, Demachki S, Anaissi AKM, Sosthenes MCK, Vasconcelos PFDC, Anthony DC, Diniz CWP, Diniz DG. Antibody-enhanced dengue disease generates a marked CNS inflammatory response in the black-tufted marmoset Callithrix penicillata. Neuropathology 2015; 36:3-16. [PMID: 26303046 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Severe dengue disease is often associated with long-term neurological impairments, but it is unclear what mechanisms are associated with neurological sequelae. Previously, we demonstrated antibody-enhanced dengue disease (ADE) dengue in an immunocompetent mouse model with a dengue virus 2 (DENV2) antibody injection followed by DENV3 virus infection. Here we migrated this ADE model to Callithrix penicillata. To mimic human multiple infections of endemic zones where abundant vectors and multiple serotypes co-exist, three animals received weekly subcutaneous injections of DENV3 (genotype III)-infected supernatant of C6/36 cell cultures, followed 24 h later by anti-DENV2 antibody for 12 weeks. There were six control animals, two of which received weekly anti-DENV2 antibodies, and four further animals received no injections. After multiple infections, brain, liver, and spleen samples were collected and tissue was immunolabeled for DENV3 antigens, ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1, Ki-67, TNFα. There were marked morphological changes in the microglial population of ADE monkeys characterized by more highly ramified microglial processes, higher numbers of trees and larger surface areas. These changes were associated with intense TNFα-positive immunolabeling. It is unclear why ADE should generate such microglial activation given that IgG does not cross the blood-brain barrier, but this study reveals that in ADE dengue therapy targeting the CNS host response is likely to be important.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana Almeida Vieira
- Universidade Federal do Pará, UFPA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto
| | - Geane Oliveira Silva
- Universidade Federal do Pará, UFPA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto
| | | | - Luciano Chaves Rocha
- Universidade Federal do Pará, UFPA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto
| | - André Pereira Viana
- Universidade Federal do Pará, UFPA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto
| | - Cássio Diego Sá Serique
- Universidade Federal do Pará, UFPA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto
| | - Carlos Santos Filho
- Universidade Federal do Pará, UFPA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto
| | - Raissa Aires Ribeiro Bringel
- Universidade Federal do Pará, UFPA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto
| | - Francisco Fernando Dacier Lobato Teixeira
- Universidade Federal do Pará, UFPA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Samia Demachki
- Universidade Federal do Pará, UFPA, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Ana Karyssa Mendes Anaissi
- Universidade Federal do Pará, UFPA, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Marcia Consentino Kronka Sosthenes
- Universidade Federal do Pará, UFPA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto
| | | | - Daniel Clive Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cristovam Wanderley Picanço Diniz
- Universidade Federal do Pará, UFPA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto
| | - Daniel Guerreiro Diniz
- Universidade Federal do Pará, UFPA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto
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27
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Animal models for studying dengue pathogenesis and therapy. Antiviral Res 2015; 123:5-14. [PMID: 26304704 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Development of a suitable animal model for dengue virus disease is critical for understanding pathogenesis and for preclinical testing of antiviral drugs and vaccines. Many laboratory animal models of dengue virus infection have been investigated, but the challenges of recapitulating the complete disease still remain. In this review, we provide a comprehensive coverage of existing models, from man to mouse, with a specific focus on recent advances in mouse models for addressing the mechanistic aspects of severe dengue in humans. This article forms part of a symposium in Antiviral Research on flavivirus drug discovery.
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Mucker EM, Chapman J, Huzella LM, Huggins JW, Shamblin J, Robinson CG, Hensley LE. Susceptibility of Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) to Monkeypox Virus: A Low Dose Prospective Model for Monkeypox and Smallpox Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131742. [PMID: 26147658 PMCID: PMC4492619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although current nonhuman primate models of monkeypox and smallpox diseases provide some insight into disease pathogenesis, they require a high titer inoculum, use an unnatural route of infection, and/or do not accurately represent the entire disease course. This is a concern when developing smallpox and/or monkeypox countermeasures or trying to understand host pathogen relationships. In our studies, we altered half of the test system by using a New World nonhuman primate host, the common marmoset. Based on dose finding studies, we found that marmosets are susceptible to monkeypox virus infection, produce a high viremia, and have pathological features consistent with smallpox and monkeypox in humans. The low dose (48 plaque forming units) required to elicit a uniformly lethal disease and the extended incubation (preclinical signs) are unique features among nonhuman primate models utilizing monkeypox virus. The uniform lethality, hemorrhagic rash, high viremia, decrease in platelets, pathology, and abbreviated acute phase are reflective of early-type hemorrhagic smallpox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. Mucker
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisianna, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Chapman
- Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Louis M. Huzella
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John W. Huggins
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua Shamblin
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Camenzind G. Robinson
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lisa E. Hensley
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
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29
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Kutteyil SS, Pathak BR, Dighe RR, Mahale SD. Expression of Bioactive Callithrix jacchus Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in Pichia pastoris. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:399-411. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Ye L, Yang C. Development of vaccines for prevention of Ebola virus infection. Microbes Infect 2015; 17:98-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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31
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Moi ML, Ami Y, Shirai K, Lim CK, Suzaki Y, Saito Y, Kitaura K, Saijo M, Suzuki R, Kurane I, Takasaki T. Formation of infectious dengue virus-antibody immune complex in vivo in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) after passive transfer of anti-dengue virus monoclonal antibodies and infection with dengue virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 92:370-6. [PMID: 25548383 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with a dengue virus (DENV) serotype induces cross-reactive, weakly neutralizing antibodies to different dengue serotypes. It has been postulated that cross-reactive antibodies form a virus-antibody immune complex and enhance DENV infection of Fc gamma receptor (FcγR)-bearing cells. We determined whether infectious DENV-antibody immune complex is formed in vivo in marmosets after passive transfer of DENV-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) and DENV inoculation and whether infectious DENV-antibody immune complex is detectable using FcγR-expressing cells. Marmosets showed that DENV-antibody immune complex was exclusively infectious to FcγR-expressing cells on days 2, 4, and 7 after passive transfer of each of the mAbs (mAb 4G2 and mAb 6B6C) and DENV inoculation. Although DENV-antibody immune complex was detected, contribution of the passively transferred antibody to overall viremia levels was limited in this study. The results indicate that DENV cross-reactive antibodies form DENV-antibody immune complex in vivo, which is infectious to FcγR-bearing cells but not FcγR-negative cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ling Moi
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Experimental Animal Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Kanagawa, Japan; College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ami
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Experimental Animal Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Kanagawa, Japan; College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Shirai
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Experimental Animal Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Kanagawa, Japan; College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chang-Kweng Lim
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Experimental Animal Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Kanagawa, Japan; College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Suzaki
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Experimental Animal Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Kanagawa, Japan; College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Saito
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Experimental Animal Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Kanagawa, Japan; College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kitaura
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Experimental Animal Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Kanagawa, Japan; College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Experimental Animal Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Kanagawa, Japan; College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuji Suzuki
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Experimental Animal Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Kanagawa, Japan; College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kurane
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Experimental Animal Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Kanagawa, Japan; College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Takasaki
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Experimental Animal Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Kanagawa, Japan; College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Beasley DWC, McAuley AJ, Bente DA. Yellow fever virus: genetic and phenotypic diversity and implications for detection, prevention and therapy. Antiviral Res 2014; 115:48-70. [PMID: 25545072 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is the prototypical hemorrhagic fever virus, yet our understanding of its phenotypic diversity and any molecular basis for observed differences in disease severity and epidemiology is lacking, when compared to other arthropod-borne and haemorrhagic fever viruses. This is, in part, due to the availability of safe and effective vaccines resulting in basic YFV research taking a back seat to those viruses for which no effective vaccine occurs. However, regular outbreaks occur in endemic areas, and the spread of the virus to new, previously unaffected, areas is possible. Analysis of isolates from endemic areas reveals a strong geographic association for major genotypes, and recent epidemics have demonstrated the emergence of novel sequence variants. This review aims to outline the current understanding of YFV genetic and phenotypic diversity and its sources, as well as the available animal models for characterizing these differences in vivo. The consequences of genetic diversity for detection and diagnosis of yellow fever and development of new vaccines and therapeutics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W C Beasley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States.
| | - Alexander J McAuley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Dennis A Bente
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States
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33
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Nelson M, Salguero FJ, Dean RE, Ngugi SA, Smither SJ, Atkins TP, Lever MS. Comparative experimental subcutaneous glanders and melioidosis in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Int J Exp Pathol 2014; 95:378-91. [PMID: 25477002 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glanders and melioidosis are caused by two distinct Burkholderia species and have generally been considered to have similar disease progression. While both of these pathogens are HHS/CDC Tier 1 agents, natural infection with both these pathogens is primarily through skin inoculation. The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) was used to compare disease following experimental subcutaneous challenge. Acute, lethal disease was observed in marmosets following challenge with between 26 and 1.2 × 10(8) cfu Burkholderia pseudomallei within 22-85 h. The reproducibility and progression of the disease were assessed following a challenge of 1 × 10(2) cfu of B. pseudomallei. Melioidosis was characterised by high levels of bacteraemia, focal microgranuloma progressing to non-necrotic multifocal solid lesions in the livers and spleens and multi-organ failure. Lethal disease was observed in 93% of animals challenged with Burkholderia mallei, occurring between 5 and 10.6 days. Following challenge with 1 × 10(2) cfu of B. mallei, glanders was characterised with lymphatic spread of the bacteria and non-necrotic, multifocal solid lesions progressing to a multifocal lesion with severe necrosis and pneumonia. The experimental results confirmed that the disease pathology and presentation is strikingly different between the two pathogens. The marmoset provides a model of the human syndrome for both diseases facilitating the development of medical countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Nelson
- Biomedical Sciences, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
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Abstract
Dengue is the most common arboviral disease of humans. There is an unmet need for a therapeutic intervention that reduces the duration and severity of dengue symptoms and diminishes the likelihood of severe complications. To this end, there are active discovery efforts in industry and academia to develop interventions, with a focus on small molecule inhibitors of dengue virus replication that are suitable for therapy or chemoprophylaxis. Advancements in animal models of dengue virus infection together with the possibility of a dengue human infection model have further enhanced the platform for dengue drug discovery. Whilst drug discovery efforts gestate, there are ongoing clinical research designed to benefit today's patients, including trials of supportive care interventions, and descriptive studies that should improve the ability of clinicians to make an accurate diagnosis early in the illness course and to identify patients most at risk of progression to severe disease. This review provides a state of the art summary of dengue drug discovery, clinical trials, and supportive allied research and reflects discussions at the 2nd International Dengue Therapeutics Workshop held in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, in December 2013.
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Nelson M, Loveday M. Exploring the innate immunological response of an alternative nonhuman primate model of infectious disease; the common marmoset. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:913632. [PMID: 25170519 PMCID: PMC4129158 DOI: 10.1155/2014/913632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is increasingly being utilised as a nonhuman primate model for human disease, ranging from autoimmune to infectious disease. In order to fully exploit these models, meaningful comparison to the human host response is necessary. Commercially available reagents, primarily targeted to human cells, were utilised to assess the phenotype and activation status of key immune cell types and cytokines in naive and infected animals. Single cell suspensions of blood, spleen, and lung were examined. Generally, the phenotype of cells was comparable between humans and marmosets, with approximately 63% of all lymphocytes in the blood of marmosets being T cells, 25% B-cells, and 12% NK cells. The percentage of neutrophils in marmoset blood were more similar to human values than mouse values. Comparison of the activation status of cells following experimental systemic or inhalational infection exhibited different trends in different tissues, most obvious in cell types active in the innate immune response. This work significantly enhances the ability to understand the immune response in these animals and fortifies their use as models of infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nelson
- Biomedical Science Department, DSTL, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - M. Loveday
- Biomedical Science Department, DSTL, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
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Watanabe M, Kudo Y, Kawano M, Nakayama M, Nakamura K, Kameda M, Ebara M, Sato T, Nakamura M, Omine K, Kametani Y, Suzuki R, Ogasawara K. NKG2D functions as an activating receptor on natural killer cells in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Int Immunol 2014; 26:597-606. [PMID: 24860119 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxu053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural killer group 2 membrane D (NKG2D) receptor is an NK-activating receptor that plays an important role in host defense against tumors and viral infections. Although the marmoset is an important and reliable animal model, especially for the study of human-specific viral infections, functional characterization of NKG2D on marmoset NK cells has not previously been conducted. In the present study, we investigated a subpopulation of marmoset NK cells that express NKG2D and exhibit cytolytic potential. On the basis of their CD16 and CD56 expression patterns, marmoset NK cells can be classified into three subpopulations: CD16(+) CD56(-), CD16(-) CD56(+) and CD16(-) CD56(-) cells. NKG2D expression on marmoset CD16(+) CD56(-) and CD16(-) CD56(+) splenocytes was confirmed using an NKG2D ligand composed of an MHC class I chain-related molecule A (MICA)-Fc fusion protein. When marmoset splenocytes were cultured with IL-2 for 4 days, NKG2D expression was retained on CD16(+) CD56(-) and CD16(-) CD56(+). In addition, CD16(+) CD56(+) cells within the marmoset NK population appeared which expressed NKG2D after IL-2 stimulation. IL-2-activated marmoset NK cells showed strong cytolytic activity against K562 target cells and target cells stably expressing MICA. Further, the cytolytic activity of marmoset splenocytes was significantly reduced after addition of MICA-Fc fusion protein. Thus, NKG2D functions as an activating receptor on marmoset NK cells that possesses cytotoxic potential, and phenotypic profiles of marmoset NK cell subpopulations are similar to those seen in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Watanabe
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yohei Kudo
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Kawano
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakayama
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kyohei Nakamura
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mai Kameda
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masamune Ebara
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takeki Sato
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Marina Nakamura
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kaito Omine
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshie Kametani
- Department of Immunology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Ryuji Suzuki
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara 252-0315, Japan
| | - Kouetsu Ogasawara
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Verstrepen BE, Fagrouch Z, van Heteren M, Buitendijk H, Haaksma T, Beenhakker N, Palù G, Richner JM, Diamond MS, Bogers WM, Barzon L, Chabierski S, Ulbert S, Kondova I, Verschoor EJ. Experimental infection of rhesus macaques and common marmosets with a European strain of West Nile virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2797. [PMID: 24743302 PMCID: PMC3990483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that infects humans and other mammals. In some cases WNV causes severe neurological disease. During recent years, outbreaks of WNV are increasing in worldwide distribution and novel genetic variants of the virus have been detected. Although a substantial amount of data exists on WNV infections in rodent models, little is known about early events during WNV infection in primates, including humans. To gain a deeper understanding of this process, we performed experimental infections of rhesus macaques and common marmosets with a virulent European WNV strain (WNV-Ita09) and monitored virological, hematological, and biochemical parameters. WNV-Ita09 productively infected both monkey species, with higher replication and wider tissue distribution in common marmosets compared to rhesus macaques. The animals in this study however, did not develop clinical signs of WNV disease, nor showed substantial deviations in clinical laboratory parameters. In both species, the virus induced a rapid CD56dimCD16bright natural killer response, followed by IgM and IgG antibody responses. The results of this study show that healthy rhesus macaques and common marmosets are promising animal models to study WNV-Ita09 infection. Both models may be particularly of use to evaluate potential vaccine candidates or to investigate WNV pathogenesis. West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne virus that can infect mammals, including humans. Most infected humans do not develop disease, but in about 20% of cases humans develop WNV-related disease symptoms, varying in severity from fever to a sometimes life-threatening neuro-invasive disease. The number of WNV infections in Europe has increased in recent years and is caused by viruses that are genetically different from the viruses that caused the WNV epidemic in North America. In this study, we have experimentally infected two different monkey species, rhesus macaques and common marmosets, with the European WNV isolate Ita09 to evaluate the early events after infection and the onset of the disease. Both species were equally susceptible to infection with WNV-Ita09, but differences between species were observed. Compared to rhesus macaques, common marmosets had higher virus loads in blood, and presented a wider distribution of the virus in various organs. Based on the analysis of virological, immunological, biochemical and hematological parameters, we conclude that rhesus macaques as well as common marmosets are potentially useful animal models to evaluate vaccine candidates or to investigate WNV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babs E. Verstrepen
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Zahra Fagrouch
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie van Heteren
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Hester Buitendijk
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Haaksma
- Animal Science Department, Division of Pathology and Microbiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Beenhakker
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Justin M. Richner
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Willy M. Bogers
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Luisa Barzon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefan Chabierski
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ulbert
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivanela Kondova
- Animal Science Department, Division of Pathology and Microbiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J. Verschoor
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Zellweger RM, Shresta S. Mouse models to study dengue virus immunology and pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2014; 5:151. [PMID: 24782859 PMCID: PMC3989707 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a compelling murine model of dengue virus (DENV) infection has been challenging, because DENV clinical isolates do not readily replicate or cause pathology in immunocompetent mice. However, research using immunocompromised mice and/or mouse-adapted viruses allows investigation of questions that may be impossible to address in human studies. In this review, we discuss the potential strengths and limitations of existing mouse models of dengue disease. Human studies are descriptive by nature; moreover, the strain, time, and sequence of infection are often unknown. In contrast, in mice, the conditions of infection are well defined and a large number of experimental parameters can be varied at will. Therefore, mouse models offer an opportunity to experimentally test hypotheses that are based on epidemiological observations. In particular, gain-of-function or loss-of-function models can be established to assess how different components of the immune system (either alone or in combination) contribute to protection or pathogenesis during secondary infections or after vaccination. In addition, mouse models have been used for pre-clinical testing of anti-viral drugs or for vaccine development studies. Conclusions based on mouse experiments must be extrapolated to DENV-infection in humans with caution due to the inherent limitations of animal models. However, research in mouse models is a useful complement to in vitro and epidemiological data, and may delineate new areas that deserve attention during future human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël M Zellweger
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Sujan Shresta
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology , La Jolla, CA , USA
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Runtuwene LR, Konishi E, Yamanaka A, Makino Y, Suzuki Y, Takasaki T, Kurane I, Kobayashi T, Eshita Y. Dengue transmission model by means of viremic adult immuno-competent mouse. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:143. [PMID: 24685121 PMCID: PMC3976050 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus infection manifests in three distinct forms in humans: dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome. Infection with the virus is a fatal disease; no vaccine is available and prevention depends on interruption of the chain of transmission. The study of dengue viral transmission by mosquitoes is hindered due to the lack of an affordable animal model. In general, immuno-competent mice are used as a simple and inexpensive animal model, but mice are not susceptible to dengue virus infection and therefore viremia will not occur following the inoculation of the virus in such mice. Here, we report a method for creating artificial viremia in immuno-competent mice, and further demonstrate the use of viremic mice to simultaneously infect a large number of Aedes aegypti. METHODS We infected K562 cells with DENV-2 in the presence of an antibody against DENV-4. We then incubated the cells for 2 d before injecting the infected cells into C3H mice. After 5 h incubation, we allowed 100-150 female Aedes aegypti to feed on blood from the mice directly. We collected blood samples from the mice and from randomly selected Ae. aegypti at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h post-blood meal and screened the samples for DENV-2 genome as well as for virus concentration. RESULTS Our procedure provided high virus concentrations in the mice for at least 7 h after viral inoculation. We found that 13 out of 14 randomly picked mosquitoes were infected with DENV-2. High concentrations of virus were detected in the mosquitoes until at least 12 h post-infection. CONCLUSIONS Using the viremic immuno-competent mouse, we show that mass infection of Ae. aegypti is achievable. Compared to other infection techniques using direct inoculation, membrane-feeding, or immuno-deficient/humanized mice, we are confident that this method will provide a simpler and more efficient infection technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucky Ronald Runtuwene
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
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40
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Powell DS, Walker RC, Heflin DT, Fisher D, Kosky JB, Homer LC, Reed DS, Stefano-Cole K, Trichel AM, Hartman AL. Development of novel mechanisms for housing, handling, and remote monitoring of common marmosets at animal biosafety level 3. Pathog Dis 2014; 71:219-26. [PMID: 24453160 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of common marmosets as an alternative non-human primate model for infectious disease research using BSL-3 viruses such as Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) presents unique challenges with respect to housing, handling, and safety. Subject matter experts from veterinary care, animal husbandry, biosafety, engineering, and research were consulted to design a pilot experiment using marmosets infected with RVFV. This paper reviews the caging, handling, and safety-related adaptations and modifications that were required to humanely utilize marmosets as a model for high-hazard BSL-3 viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana S Powell
- Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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41
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Althouse BM, Durbin AP, Hanley KA, Halstead SB, Weaver SC, Cummings DAT. Viral kinetics of primary dengue virus infection in non-human primates: a systematic review and individual pooled analysis. Virology 2014; 452-453:237-46. [PMID: 24606701 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Viremia kinetics directly influence the clinical course and transmission dynamics of DENV, but many aspects of viral dynamics remain unknown. Non-human primates (NHP) have been used as a model system for DENV infection for decades. Here, we identify papers with experimentally-infected NHP and estimate the time to- and duration of viremia as well as estimate associations between these and serotype, inoculating dose, viremia assay, and species of NHP. We estimate the time to viremia in rhesus macaques to range from 2.63 to 3.32 days for DENV-2 and -1 and the duration to range from 3.13 to 5.13 days for DENV-4 and -2. We find no differences between non-human primates for time to viremia or duration, and a significant negative relationship between inoculating dose and duration of viremia. These results aid in understanding the transmission dynamics of sylvatic DENV non-human primates, an issue of growing importance as dengue vaccines become available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna P Durbin
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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A review of successful flavivirus vaccines and the problems with those flaviviruses for which vaccines are not yet available. Vaccine 2014; 32:1326-37. [PMID: 24486372 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genus flavivirus comprises many important human pathogens causing public health problems worldwide. Some flavivirus infections are characterized by a relatively high mortality rate and/or high sequelae rate in survivors. Because most flavivirus life cycles are maintained between arthropod vectors and amplifying/reservoir hosts in the absence of humans, eradication of flaviviruses might be extremely difficult. Flavivirus vaccine development is considered a reasonable method to prevent flavivirus infections. Some vaccines have been successfully developed, but others have not, regardless of much effort. This review article describes currently available flavivirus vaccines against yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and tick-borne encephalitis. In addition, the current status of dengue and West Nile virus vaccine development is reviewed and problems regarding their development are discussed.
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Callithrix penicillata: a feasible experimental model for dengue virus infection. Immunol Lett 2013; 158:126-33. [PMID: 24361035 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the murine models have the feasibility to reproduce some signs of dengue Virus (DENV) infection, the use of isogenic hosts with polarized immune response patterns does not reproduce the particularities of human disease. Our goal was to investigate the kinetics of peripheral blood biomarkers in immunocompetent Callithrix penicillata non-human primates subcutaneously infected with DENV-3. The viral load of infected animals was determinated by quantitative real time PCR. Measurements of DENV-3/IgM were performed, and several parameters were assessed by hemogram: red blood cells count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cells count, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets count. The coagulogram was performed by prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) assays. The renal function was monitored by urea and creatinine, and the liver function by the aspartate (AST), and alanine (ALT) aminotransferases. Also, the level of the cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-5 was quantified during the experimental study. Data analysis was performed considering relevant differences when baseline fold changes were found outside from 0.75 to 1.5 range. Our data demonstrated that infected animals presented relevant signs of dengue disease, including peaks of viremia at 5 days-post-infection (dpi), peaks of anti-DENV-3 IgM at 15 dpi and hemaglutination inhibition assay (HIA) from 15 to at 60 dpi. Despite early monocytosis, slight neutrophilia and lymphocytosis, animals developed persistent leucopenia starting at 4 dpi. Anemia episodes were steady at 3-4 dpi. Patent thrombocytopenia was observed from 1 to 15 dpi with sporadic decrease of APTT. A substantial increase of ALT and AST was observed with higher peak at 4 dpi. Moreover, early increases of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma besides late increase of IFN-gamma were observed. The analysis of biomarkers network pointed out two relevant strong axes during early stages of dengue fever, a protective axes TNF-alpha/Lymphocytes/Platelets, and a pathological IL-2/IL-6/Viremia/Monocyte/PT bond. Later on, the biomarker network highlighted the interaction IFN-gamma/PLT/DENV-3(IgM;HAI)/PT, and the involvement of type-2 cytokines (IL-4; IL-5). Our findings demonstrated that C. penicillata is a feasible experimental model for dengue virus infection, which could be useful to pathogenesis studies, discovery of novel antiviral drugs as well as to evaluate vaccine candidates against DENV.
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Moi ML, Takasaki T, Omatsu T, Nakamura S, Katakai Y, Ami Y, Suzaki Y, Saijo M, Akari H, Kurane I. Demonstration of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) as a non-human primate model for secondary dengue virus infection: high levels of viraemia and serotype cross-reactive antibody responses consistent with secondary infection of humans. J Gen Virol 2013; 95:591-600. [PMID: 24323638 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.060384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There are four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes. Primary infection with one does not confer protective immunity against the others. We have reported previously that the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a useful primary DENV infection model. It has been reported that secondary DENV infection with a heterotypic serotype induces viraemia kinetics and antibody responses that differ from those in primary infection. Thus, it is important to determine the utility of the marmoset as a model for secondary DENV infection. Marmosets were infected with heterologous DENV by secondary inoculation, and viraemia kinetics and antibody responses were analysed. The marmosets consistently developed high levels of viraemia after the secondary inoculation with heterologous DENV serotypes. IgM responses were lower compared with primary inoculation responses, whilst IgG responses were rapid and high. Neutralizing activities, which possessed serotype cross-reactive activities, were detected as early as 4 days after inoculation. In addition, infectious viraemia titres were higher when assayed with Fcγ receptor-expressing baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells than when assayed with conventional BHK cells, suggesting the presence of infectious virus-antibody immune complexes. After secondary infection with heterotypic DENV, the marmosets demonstrated viraemia kinetics, IgM and IgG responses, and high levels of serotype cross-reactive neutralizing antibody responses, all of which were consistent with secondary DENV infection in humans. The results indicate the marmoset as a useful animal for studying secondary, as well as primary, DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ling Moi
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Takasaki
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakamura
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yuko Katakai
- Laboratory of Disease Control, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ami
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Suzaki
- Division of Experimental Animal Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Section of Comparative Immunology and Microbiology, Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kurane
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Moncla LH, Ross TM, Dinis JM, Weinfurter JT, Mortimer TD, Schultz-Darken N, Brunner K, Capuano SV, Boettcher C, Post J, Johnson M, Bloom CE, Weiler AM, Friedrich TC. A novel nonhuman primate model for influenza transmission. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78750. [PMID: 24244352 PMCID: PMC3828296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of influenza transmission are necessary to predict the pandemic potential of emerging influenza viruses. Currently, both ferrets and guinea pigs are used in such studies, but these species are distantly related to humans. Nonhuman primates (NHP) share a close phylogenetic relationship with humans and may provide an enhanced means to model the virological and immunological events in influenza virus transmission. Here, for the first time, it was demonstrated that a human influenza virus isolate can productively infect and be transmitted between common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), a New World monkey species. We inoculated four marmosets with the 2009 pandemic virus A/California/07/2009 (H1N1pdm) and housed each together with a naïve cage mate. We collected bronchoalveolar lavage and nasal wash samples from all animals at regular intervals for three weeks post-inoculation to track virus replication and sequence evolution. The unadapted 2009 H1N1pdm virus replicated to high titers in all four index animals by 1 day post-infection. Infected animals seroconverted and presented human-like symptoms including sneezing, nasal discharge, labored breathing, and lung damage. Transmission occurred in one cohabitating pair. Deep sequencing detected relatively few genetic changes in H1N1pdm viruses replicating in any infected animal. Together our data suggest that human H1N1pdm viruses require little adaptation to replicate and cause disease in marmosets, and that these viruses can be transmitted between animals. Marmosets may therefore be a viable model for studying influenza virus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise H. Moncla
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- University of Wisconsin Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccine Research, Dept. of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jorge M. Dinis
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- University of Wisconsin Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jason T. Weinfurter
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Tatum D. Mortimer
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- University of Wisconsin Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nancy Schultz-Darken
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kevin Brunner
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Saverio V. Capuano
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Carissa Boettcher
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Post
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Michael Johnson
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Chalise E. Bloom
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, United States of America
| | - Andrea M. Weiler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- University of Wisconsin Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Clark KB, Onlamoon N, Hsiao HM, Perng GC, Villinger F. Can non-human primates serve as models for investigating dengue disease pathogenesis? Front Microbiol 2013; 4:305. [PMID: 24130557 PMCID: PMC3795305 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue Virus (DV) infects between 50 and 100 million people globally, with public health costs totaling in the billions. It is the causative agent of dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS), vector-borne diseases that initially predominated in the tropics. Due to the expansion of its mosquito vector, Aedes spp., DV is increasingly becoming a global problem. Infected individuals may present with a wide spectrum of symptoms, spanning from a mild febrile to a life-threatening illness, which may include thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, hepatomegaly, hemorrhaging, plasma leakage and shock. Deciphering the underlining mechanisms responsible for these symptoms has been hindered by the limited availability of animal models that can induce classic human pathology. Currently, several permissive non-human primate (NHP) species and mouse breeds susceptible to adapted DV strains are available. Though virus replication occurs in these animals, none of them recapitulate the cardinal features of human symptomatology, with disease only occasionally observed in NHPs. Recently our group established a DV serotype 2 intravenous infection model with the Indian rhesus macaque, which reliably produced cutaneous hemorrhages after primary virus exposure. Further manipulation of experimental parameters (virus strain, immune cell expansion, depletion, etc.) can refine this model and expand its relevance to human DF. Future goals include applying this model to elucidate the role of pre-existing immunity upon secondary infection and immunopathogenesis. Of note, virus titers in primates in vivo and in vitro, even with our model, have been consistently 1000-fold lower than those found in humans. We submit that an improved model, capable of demonstrating severe pathogenesis may only be achieved with higher virus loads. Nonetheless, our DV coagulopathy disease model is valuable for the study of select pathomechanisms and testing DV drug and vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina B Clark
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA
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Hanley KA, Monath TP, Weaver SC, Rossi SL, Richman RL, Vasilakis N. Fever versus fever: the role of host and vector susceptibility and interspecific competition in shaping the current and future distributions of the sylvatic cycles of dengue virus and yellow fever virus. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2013; 19:292-311. [PMID: 23523817 PMCID: PMC3749261 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two different species of flaviviruses, dengue virus (DENV) and yellow fever virus (YFV), that originated in sylvatic cycles maintained in non-human primates and forest-dwelling mosquitoes have emerged repeatedly into sustained human-to-human transmission by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Sylvatic cycles of both viruses remain active, and where the two viruses overlap in West Africa they utilize similar suites of monkeys and Aedes mosquitoes. These extensive similarities render the differences in the biogeography and epidemiology of the two viruses all the more striking. First, the sylvatic cycle of YFV originated in Africa and was introduced into the New World, probably as a result of the slave trade, but is absent in Asia; in contrast, sylvatic DENV likely originated in Asia and has spread to Africa but not to the New World. Second, while sylvatic YFV can emerge into extensive urban outbreaks in humans, these invariably die out, whereas four different types of DENV have established human transmission cycles that are ecologically and evolutionarily distinct from their sylvatic ancestors. Finally, transmission of YFV among humans has been documented only in Africa and the Americas, whereas DENV is transmitted among humans across most of the range of competent Aedes vectors, which in the last decade has included every continent save Antarctica. This review summarizes current understanding of sylvatic transmission cycles of YFV and DENV, considers possible explanations for their disjunct distributions, and speculates on the potential consequences of future establishment of a sylvatic cycle of DENV in the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Hanley
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003
| | | | - Scott C. Weaver
- Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0610
| | - Shannan L. Rossi
- Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0610
| | - Rebecca L. Richman
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003
- Department of Geography, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0610
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48
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Efficient in vivo depletion of CD8+ T lymphocytes in common marmosets by novel CD8 monoclonal antibody administration. Immunol Lett 2013; 154:12-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lukashevich IS. The search for animal models for Lassa fever vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2013; 12:71-86. [PMID: 23256740 DOI: 10.1586/erv.12.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) is the most prevalent arenavirus in West Africa and is responsible for several hundred thousand infections and thousands of deaths annually. The sizeable disease burden, numerous imported cases of Lassa fever (LF) and the possibility that LASV can be used as an agent of biological warfare make a strong case for vaccine development. Currently there is no licensed LF vaccine and research and devlopment is hampered by the high cost of nonhuman primate animal models and by biocontainment requirements (BSL-4). In addition, a successful LF vaccine has to induce a strong cell-mediated cross-protective immunity against different LASV lineages. All of these challenges will be addressed in this review in the context of available and novel animal models recently described for evaluation of LF vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor S Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Moi ML, Omatsu T, Hirayama T, Nakamura S, Katakai Y, Yoshida T, Saito A, Tajima S, Ito M, Takasaki T, Akari H, Kurane I. Presence of Viral Genome in Urine and Development of Hematuria and Pathological Changes in Kidneys in Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) after Inoculation with Dengue Virus. Pathogens 2013; 2:357-63. [PMID: 25437039 PMCID: PMC4235723 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens2020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) developed high levels of viremia, clinical signs including fever, weight loss, a decrease in activity and hematuria upon inoculation with dengue virus (DENV). Presence of DENV genome in urine samples and pathological changes in kidneys were examined in the present study. Levels of DENV genome were determined in 228 urine samples from 20 primary DENV-inoculated marmosets and in 56 urine samples from four secondary DENV-inoculated marmosets. DENV genome was detected in 75% (15/20) of marmosets after primary DENV infection. No DENV genome was detected in urine samples from the marmosets with secondary infection with homologous DENV (0%, 0/4). Two marmosets demonstrated hematuria. Pathological analysis of the kidneys demonstrated non-suppressive interstitial nephritis with renal tubular regeneration. DENV antigen-positive cells were detected in kidneys. In human dengue virus infections, some patients present renal symptoms. The results indicate that marmosets recapitulate some aspects of the involvement of kidneys in human DENV infection, and suggest that marmosets are potentially useful for the studies of the pathogenesis of DENV infection, including kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ling Moi
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Takanori Hirayama
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Shinichiro Nakamura
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Yuko Katakai
- National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0843, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Yoshida
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan.
| | - Akatsuki Saito
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Tajima
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Mikako Ito
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Tomohiko Takasaki
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Kurane
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
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