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Zhu J, Zhu X, Xu Y, Chen X, Ge X, Huang Y, Wang Z. The role of noncoding RNAs in beta cell biology and tissue engineering. Life Sci 2024; 348:122717. [PMID: 38744419 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The loss or dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells, which are responsible for insulin secretion, constitutes the foundation of all forms of diabetes, a widely prevalent disease worldwide. The replacement of damaged β-cells with regenerated or transplanted cells derived from stem cells is a promising therapeutic strategy. However, inducing the differentiation of stem cells into fully functional glucose-responsive β-cells in vitro has proven to be challenging. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulatory factors governing the differentiation, identity, and function of β-cells. Furthermore, engineered hydrogel systems, biomaterials, and organ-like structures possess engineering characteristics that can provide a three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment that supports stem cell differentiation. This review summarizes the roles and contributions of ncRNAs in maintaining the differentiation, identity, and function of β-cells. And it focuses on regulating the levels of ncRNAs in stem cells to activate β-cell genetic programs for generating alternative β-cells and discusses how to manipulate ncRNA expression by combining hydrogel systems and other tissue engineering materials. Elucidating the patterns of ncRNA-mediated regulation in β-cell biology and utilizing this knowledge to control stem cell differentiation may offer promising therapeutic strategies for generating functional insulin-producing cells in diabetes cell replacement therapy and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaoren Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xingyou Chen
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xinqi Ge
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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2
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Kioulaphides S, García AJ. Encapsulation and immune protection for type 1 diabetes cell therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115205. [PMID: 38360355 PMCID: PMC10948298 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) involves the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas. Exogenous insulin injections are the current therapy but are user-dependent and cannot fully recapitulate physiological insulin secretion dynamics. Since the emergence of allogeneic cell therapy for T1D, the Edmonton Protocol has been the most promising immunosuppression protocol for cadaveric islet transplantation, but the lack of donor islets, poor cell engraftment, and required chronic immunosuppression have limited its application as a therapy for T1D. Encapsulation in biomaterials on the nano-, micro-, and macro-scale offers the potential to integrate islets with the host and protect them from immune responses. This method can be applied to different cell types, including cadaveric, porcine, and stem cell-derived islets, mitigating the issue of a lack of donor cells. This review covers progress in the efforts to integrate insulin-producing cells from multiple sources to T1D patients as a form of cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Kioulaphides
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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3
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Wang Y, Liu Z, Li S, Su X, Lai KP, Li R. Biochemical pancreatic β-cell lineage reprogramming: Various cell fate shifts. Curr Res Transl Med 2024; 72:103412. [PMID: 38246021 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2023.103412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of pancreatic diseases has been continuously rising in recent years. Thus, research on pancreatic regeneration is becoming more popular. Chronic hyperglycemia is detrimental to pancreatic β-cells, leading to impairment of insulin secretion which is the main hallmark of pancreatic diseases. Obtaining plenty of functional pancreatic β-cells is the most crucial aspect when studying pancreatic biology and treating diabetes. According to the International Diabetes Federation, diabetes has become a global epidemic, with about 3 million people suffering from diabetes worldwide. Hyperglycemia can lead to many dangerous diseases, including amputation, blindness, neuropathy, stroke, and cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Insulin is widely used in the treatment of diabetes; however, innovative approaches are needed in the academic and preclinical stages. A new approach aims at synthesizing patient-specific functional pancreatic β-cells. The present article focuses on how cells from different tissues can be transformed into pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Zhuoqing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Shengren Li
- Lingui Clinical College of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xuejuan Su
- Lingui Clinical College of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin 541199, China.
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4
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Nguyen JP, Arthur TD, Fujita K, Salgado BM, Donovan MKR, Matsui H, Kim JH, D'Antonio-Chronowska A, D'Antonio M, Frazer KA. eQTL mapping in fetal-like pancreatic progenitor cells reveals early developmental insights into diabetes risk. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6928. [PMID: 37903777 PMCID: PMC10616100 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of genetic regulatory variation active in early pancreatic development on adult pancreatic disease and traits is not well understood. Here, we generate a panel of 107 fetal-like iPSC-derived pancreatic progenitor cells (iPSC-PPCs) from whole genome-sequenced individuals and identify 4065 genes and 4016 isoforms whose expression and/or alternative splicing are affected by regulatory variation. We integrate eQTLs identified in adult islets and whole pancreas samples, which reveal 1805 eQTL associations that are unique to the fetal-like iPSC-PPCs and 1043 eQTLs that exhibit regulatory plasticity across the fetal-like and adult pancreas tissues. Colocalization with GWAS risk loci for pancreatic diseases and traits show that some putative causal regulatory variants are active only in the fetal-like iPSC-PPCs and likely influence disease by modulating expression of disease-associated genes in early development, while others with regulatory plasticity likely exert their effects in both the fetal and adult pancreas by modulating expression of different disease genes in the two developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer P Nguyen
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Timothy D Arthur
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kyohei Fujita
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Bianca M Salgado
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Margaret K R Donovan
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hiroko Matsui
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | | | - Matteo D'Antonio
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kelly A Frazer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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5
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Sionov RV, Ahdut-HaCohen R. A Supportive Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Insulin-Producing Langerhans Islets with a Specific Emphasis on The Secretome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2558. [PMID: 37761001 PMCID: PMC10527322 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a gradual destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in the endocrine pancreas due to innate and specific immune responses, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. T1D patients usually require regular insulin injections after meals to maintain normal serum glucose levels. In severe cases, pancreas or Langerhans islet transplantation can assist in reaching a sufficient β-mass to normalize glucose homeostasis. The latter procedure is limited because of low donor availability, high islet loss, and immune rejection. There is still a need to develop new technologies to improve islet survival and implantation and to keep the islets functional. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent non-hematopoietic progenitor cells with high plasticity that can support human pancreatic islet function both in vitro and in vivo and islet co-transplantation with MSCs is more effective than islet transplantation alone in attenuating diabetes progression. The beneficial effect of MSCs on islet function is due to a combined effect on angiogenesis, suppression of immune responses, and secretion of growth factors essential for islet survival and function. In this review, various aspects of MSCs related to islet function and diabetes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Vogt Sionov
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Ronit Ahdut-HaCohen
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
- Department of Science, The David Yellin Academic College of Education, Jerusalem 9103501, Israel
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6
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Sasaki S, Miyatsuka T. Heterogeneity of Islet Cells during Embryogenesis and Differentiation. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:173-184. [PMID: 36631992 PMCID: PMC10040626 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is caused by insufficient insulin secretion due to β-cell dysfunction and/or β-cell loss. Therefore, the restoration of functional β-cells by the induction of β-cell differentiation from embryonic stem (ES) and induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, or from somatic non-β-cells, may be a promising curative therapy. To establish an efficient and feasible method for generating functional insulin-producing cells, comprehensive knowledge of pancreas development and β-cell differentiation, including the mechanisms driving cell fate decisions and endocrine cell maturation is crucial. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have opened a new era in pancreas development and diabetes research, leading to clarification of the detailed transcriptomes of individual insulin-producing cells. Such extensive high-resolution data enables the inference of developmental trajectories during cell transitions and gene regulatory networks. Additionally, advancements in stem cell research have not only enabled their immediate clinical application, but also has made it possible to observe the genetic dynamics of human cell development and maturation in a dish. In this review, we provide an overview of the heterogeneity of islet cells during embryogenesis and differentiation as demonstrated by scRNA-seq studies on the developing and adult pancreata, with implications for the future application of regenerative medicine for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Sasaki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyatsuka
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
- Corresponding author: Takeshi Miyatsuka https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2618-3450 Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan E-mail:
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7
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Reprogramming—Evolving Path to Functional Surrogate β-Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182813. [PMID: 36139388 PMCID: PMC9496933 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous cell sources are being explored to replenish functional β-cell mass since the proof-of -concept for cell therapy of diabetes was laid down by transplantation of islets. Many of these cell sources have been shown to possess a degree of plasticity permitting differentiation along new lineages into insulin-secreting β-cells. In this review, we explore emerging reprograming pathways that aim to generate bone fide insulin producing cells. We focus on small molecules and key transcriptional regulators that orchestrate phenotypic conversion and maintenance of engineered cells.
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Fehér A, Schnúr A, Muenthaisong S, Bellák T, Ayaydin F, Várady G, Kemter E, Wolf E, Dinnyés A. Establishment and characterization of a novel human induced pluripotent stem cell line stably expressing the iRFP720 reporter. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9874. [PMID: 35701501 PMCID: PMC9198085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12956-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has great potential for replacing beta-cell loss in diabetic patients. However, a key obstacle to cell therapy’s success is to preserve viability and function of the engrafted cells. While several strategies have been developed to improve engrafted beta-cell survival, tools to evaluate the efficacy within the body by imaging are limited. Traditional labeling tools, such as GFP-like fluorescent proteins, have limited penetration depths in vivo due to tissue scattering and absorption. To circumvent this limitation, a near-infrared fluorescent mutant version of the DrBphP bacteriophytochrome, iRFP720, has been developed for in vivo imaging and stem/progenitor cell tracking. Here, we present the generation and characterization of an iRFP720 expressing human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line, which can be used for real-time imaging in various biological applications. To generate the transgenic cells, the CRISPR/Cas9 technology was applied. A puromycin resistance gene was inserted into the AAVS1 locus, driven by the endogenous PPP1R12C promoter, along with the CAG-iRFP720 reporter cassette, which was flanked by insulator elements. Proper integration of the transgene into the targeted genomic region was assessed by comprehensive genetic analysis, verifying precise genome editing. Stable expression of iRFP720 in the cells was confirmed and imaged by their near-infrared fluorescence. We demonstrated that the reporter iPSCs exhibit normal stem cell characteristics and can be efficiently differentiated towards the pancreatic lineage. As the genetically modified reporter cells show retained pluripotency and multilineage differentiation potential, they hold great potential as a cellular model in a variety of biological and pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Fehér
- BioTalentum Ltd, Aulich Lajos Street 26, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
| | - Andrea Schnúr
- BioTalentum Ltd, Aulich Lajos Street 26, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
| | | | - Tamás Bellák
- BioTalentum Ltd, Aulich Lajos Street 26, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6724, Hungary
| | - Ferhan Ayaydin
- Functional Cell Biology and Immunology Advanced Core Facility, Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged (HCEMM-USZ), Szeged, 6720, Hungary.,Laboratory of Cellular Imaging, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - György Várady
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Elisabeth Kemter
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Centre and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Centre for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Centre and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Centre for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - András Dinnyés
- BioTalentum Ltd, Aulich Lajos Street 26, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary. .,HCEMM-USZ Stem Cell Research Group, Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine, Szeged, 6723, Hungary. .,Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary. .,Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary.
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9
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Proprotein convertase PCSK9 affects expression of key surface proteins in human pancreatic beta cells via intra- and extracellular regulatory circuits. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102096. [PMID: 35660019 PMCID: PMC9251788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is involved in the degradation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor. PCSK9 also targets proteins involved in lipid metabolism (very low–density lipoprotein receptor), immunity (major histocompatibility complex I), and viral infection (cluster of differentiation 81). Recent studies have also indicated that PCSK9 loss-of-function mutations are associated with an increased incidence of diabetes; however, the expression and function of PCSK9 in insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells remain unclear. Here, we studied PCSK9 regulation and function by performing loss- and gain-of-function experiments in the human beta cell line EndoC-βH1. We demonstrate that PCSK9 is expressed and secreted by EndoC-βH1 cells. We also found that PCSK9 expression is regulated by cholesterol and sterol regulatory element–binding protein transcription factors, as previously demonstrated in other cell types such as hepatocytes. Importantly, we show that PCSK9 knockdown using siRNA results in deregulation of various elements of the transcriptome, proteome, and secretome, and increases insulin secretion. We also observed that PCSK9 decreases low-density lipoprotein receptor and very low–density lipoprotein receptor levels via an extracellular signaling mechanism involving exogenous PCSK9, as well as levels of cluster of differentiation 36, a fatty acid transporter, through an intracellular signaling mechanism. Finally, we found that PCSK9 regulates the cell surface expression of PDL1 and HLA-ABC, proteins involved in cell–lymphocyte interaction, also via an intracellular mechanism. Collectively, these results highlight PCSK9 as a regulator of multiple cell surface receptors in pancreatic beta cells.
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10
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Soltani S, Mansouri K, Emami Aleagha MS, Moasefi N, Yavari N, Shakouri SK, Notararigo S, Shojaeian A, Pociot F, Yarani R. Extracellular Vesicle Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865782. [PMID: 35464488 PMCID: PMC9024141 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic disorder characterized by immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing β-cells. The primary treatment for T1D is multiple daily insulin injections to control blood sugar levels. Cell-free delivery packets with therapeutic properties, extracellular vesicles (EVs), mainly from stem cells, have recently gained considerable attention for disease treatments. EVs provide a great potential to treat T1D ascribed to their regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Here, we summarize the latest EV applications for T1D treatment and highlight opportunities for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Soltani
- Clinical Research Development Center, Taleghani and Imam Ali Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sajad Emami Aleagha
- Medical Technology Research Center (MTRC), School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Narges Moasefi
- Medical Technology Research Center (MTRC), School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Niloofar Yavari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Seyed Kazem Shakouri
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sara Notararigo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ali Shojaeian
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical, Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Reza Yarani
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical, Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Reza Yarani, ;
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11
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Barth R, Ruoso C, Ferreira SM, de Ramos FC, Lima FB, Boschero AC, Santos GJD. Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4-α (HNF4α) controls the insulin resistance-induced pancreatic β-cell mass expansion. Life Sci 2022; 289:120213. [PMID: 34902439 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regardless of the etiology, any type of DM presents a reduction of insulin-secreting cell mass, so it is important to investigate pathways that induce the increase of this cell mass. AIM Based on the fact that (1) HNF4α is crucial for β-cell proliferation, (2) DEX-induced IR promotes β-cell mass expansion, and (3) the stimulation of β-cell mass expansion may be an important target for DM therapies, we aimed to investigate whether DEX-induced proliferation of β pancreatic cells is dependent on HNF4α. METHODS We used WildType (WT) and Knockout (KO) mice for HNF4-α, treated or not with 100 mg/Kg/day of DEX, for 5 consecutive days. One day after the last injection of DEX the IR was confirmed by ipITT and the mice were euthanized for pancreas removal. RESULTS In comparison to WT, KO mice presented increased glucose tolerance, lower fasting glucose and increased glucose-stimulates insulin secretion (GSIS). DEX induced IR in both KO and WT mice. In addition, DEX-induced β-cell mass expansion and an increase in the Ki67 immunostaining were observed only in WT mice, evidencing that IR-induced β-cell mass expansion is dependent on HNF4α. Also, we observed that DEX-treatment, in an HNF4α-dependent way, promoted an increase in PDX1, PAX4 and NGN3 gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results strongly suggest that DEX-induced IR promotes β-cell mass expansion through processes of proliferation and neogenesis that depend on the HNF4α activity, pointing to HNF4α as a possible therapeutic target in DM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Barth
- Islet Biology and Metabolism Lab - I.B.M. Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Carolina Ruoso
- Islet Biology and Metabolism Lab - I.B.M. Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Sandra Mara Ferreira
- Laboratory of endocrine pancreas and metabolism - LAPEM, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-862 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Francieli Caroline de Ramos
- Islet Biology and Metabolism Lab - I.B.M. Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Barbosa Lima
- Islet Biology and Metabolism Lab - I.B.M. Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos Boschero
- Laboratory of endocrine pancreas and metabolism - LAPEM, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-862 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Jorge Dos Santos
- Islet Biology and Metabolism Lab - I.B.M. Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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12
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Wong WKM, Thorat V, Joglekar MV, Dong CX, Lee H, Chew YV, Bhave A, Hawthorne WJ, Engin F, Pant A, Dalgaard LT, Bapat S, Hardikar AA. Analysis of Half a Billion Datapoints Across Ten Machine-Learning Algorithms Identifies Key Elements Associated With Insulin Transcription in Human Pancreatic Islet Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:853863. [PMID: 35399953 PMCID: PMC8986156 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.853863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Machine learning (ML)-workflows enable unprejudiced/robust evaluation of complex datasets. Here, we analyzed over 490,000,000 data points to compare 10 different ML-workflows in a large (N=11,652) training dataset of human pancreatic single-cell (sc-)transcriptomes to identify genes associated with the presence or absence of insulin transcript(s). Prediction accuracy/sensitivity of each ML-workflow was tested in a separate validation dataset (N=2,913). Ensemble ML-workflows, in particular Random Forest ML-algorithm delivered high predictive power (AUC=0.83) and sensitivity (0.98), compared to other algorithms. The transcripts identified through these analyses also demonstrated significant correlation with insulin in bulk RNA-seq data from human islets. The top-10 features, (including IAPP, ADCYAP1, LDHA and SST) common to the three Ensemble ML-workflows were significantly dysregulated in scRNA-seq datasets from Ire-1αβ-/- mice that demonstrate dedifferentiation of pancreatic β-cells in a model of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and in pancreatic single cells from individuals with type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Our findings provide direct comparison of ML-workflows in big data analyses, identify key elements associated with insulin transcription and provide workflows for future analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson K. M. Wong
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Vinod Thorat
- Healthcare Analytics, AlgoAnalytics, Pune, India
| | - Mugdha V. Joglekar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Charlotte X. Dong
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Hugo Lee
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Yi Vee Chew
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Adwait Bhave
- Healthcare Analytics, AlgoAnalytics, Pune, India
| | - Wayne J. Hawthorne
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Feyza Engin
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Louise T. Dalgaard
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Sharda Bapat
- Healthcare Analytics, AlgoAnalytics, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Sharda Bapat, ; Anandwardhan A. Hardikar,
| | - Anandwardhan A. Hardikar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Sharda Bapat, ; Anandwardhan A. Hardikar,
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13
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Benninger RKP, Kravets V. The physiological role of β-cell heterogeneity in pancreatic islet function. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:9-22. [PMID: 34667280 PMCID: PMC8915749 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00568-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine cells within the pancreatic islets of Langerhans are heterogeneous in terms of transcriptional profile, protein expression and the regulation of hormone release. Even though this heterogeneity has long been appreciated, only within the past 5 years have detailed molecular analyses led to an improved understanding of its basis. Although we are beginning to recognize why some subpopulations of endocrine cells are phenotypically different to others, arguably the most important consideration is how this heterogeneity affects the regulation of hormone release to control the homeostasis of glucose and other energy-rich nutrients. The focus of this Review is the description of how endocrine cell heterogeneity (and principally that of insulin-secreting β-cells) affects the regulation of hormone secretion within the islets of Langerhans. This discussion includes an overview of the functional characteristics of the different islet cell subpopulations and describes how they can communicate to influence islet function under basal and glucose-stimulated conditions. We further discuss how changes to the specific islet cell subpopulations or their numbers might underlie islet dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus. We conclude with a discussion of several key open questions regarding the physiological role of islet cell heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K P Benninger
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Vira Kravets
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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14
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Oppenländer L, Palit S, Stemmer K, Greisle T, Sterr M, Salinno C, Bastidas-Ponce A, Feuchtinger A, Böttcher A, Ansarullah, Theis FJ, Lickert H. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy triggers fast β-cell recovery upon overt diabetes. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101330. [PMID: 34500108 PMCID: PMC8487975 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effectiveness of bariatric surgery in restoring β-cell function has been described in type-2 diabetes (T2D) patients and animal models for years, whereas the mechanistic underpinnings are largely unknown. The possibility of vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) to rescue far-progressed, clinically-relevant T2D and to promote β-cell recovery has not been investigated on a single-cell level. Nevertheless, characterization of the heterogeneity and functional states of β-cells after VSG is a fundamental step to understand mechanisms of glycaemic recovery and to ultimately develop alternative, less-invasive therapies. METHODS We performed VSG in late-stage diabetic db/db mice and analyzed the islet transcriptome using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Immunohistochemical analyses and quantification of β-cell area and proliferation complement our findings from scRNA-seq. RESULTS We report that VSG was superior to calorie restriction in late-stage T2D and rapidly restored normoglycaemia in morbidly obese and overt diabetic db/db mice. Single-cell profiling of islets of Langerhans showed that VSG induced distinct, intrinsic changes in the β-cell transcriptome, but not in that of α-, δ-, and PP-cells. VSG triggered fast β-cell redifferentiation and functional improvement within only two weeks of intervention, which is not seen upon calorie restriction. Furthermore, VSG expanded β-cell area by means of redifferentiation and by creating a proliferation competent β-cell state. CONCLUSION Collectively, our study reveals the superiority of VSG in the remission of far-progressed T2D and presents paths of β-cell regeneration and molecular pathways underlying the glycaemic benefits of VSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Oppenländer
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675, Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Subarna Palit
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Kerstin Stemmer
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Rudolf Buchheim Institute of Pharmacology, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tobias Greisle
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675, Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Sterr
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ciro Salinno
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675, Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675, Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Core Facility Pathology and Tissue Analytics, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anika Böttcher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ansarullah
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany; Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675, Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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15
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MicroRNA-7a inhibits Isl1 expression to regulate insulin secretion by targeting Raf1 and Mapkap1 in NIT-1 cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:817-824. [PMID: 34713362 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Both microRNA-7a (miR-7a) and LIM-homeodomain transcription factor ISL1 are important factors regulating insulin transcription and secretion, but the functional relationship and the interacting mechanisms between miR-7a and ISL1 in pancreatic islet β-cells remain unknown. The aims of this study were thus to identify the potential interactions and signaling communication between miR-7a and ISL1 in regulating insulin transcription and secretion in the cultured NIT-1 cells. The results show that miR-7a inhibitor upregulates Isl-1 and insulin gene expressions, and the insulin secretion. Whereas miR-7a mimics inhibit ISL1 and insulin gene expressions, and decreases the insulin secretion. Furthermore, we identified the target gene of miR-7a using dual-luciferase reporter assay, and the results demonstrate that Raf1 and Mapkap1 is a direct target gene of miR-7a, modeling RAF1/MEK/ERK1/2 and mTORC2/AKT signaling pathway to regulate Isl1 expression, and thus influencing insulin expression and secretion. Our results indicate that therapeutic inhibition of miR-7a function could be of relevance for preserving the function of pancreatic β-cells during the course of diabetes development, implicating miR-7, ISL1, and/or the connecting molecules may act as novel targets for pharmacological or gene therapy in diabetes and related metabolic disease, although much detailed studies are required in the further study.
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16
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Mutations and variants of ONECUT1 in diabetes. Nat Med 2021; 27:1928-1940. [PMID: 34663987 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genes involved in distinct diabetes types suggest shared disease mechanisms. Here we show that One Cut Homeobox 1 (ONECUT1) mutations cause monogenic recessive syndromic diabetes in two unrelated patients, characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, pancreas hypoplasia and gallbladder agenesis/hypoplasia, and early-onset diabetes in heterozygous relatives. Heterozygous carriers of rare coding variants of ONECUT1 define a distinctive subgroup of diabetic patients with early-onset, nonautoimmune diabetes, who respond well to diabetes treatment. In addition, common regulatory ONECUT1 variants are associated with multifactorial type 2 diabetes. Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells revealed that loss of ONECUT1 impairs pancreatic progenitor formation and a subsequent endocrine program. Loss of ONECUT1 altered transcription factor binding and enhancer activity and NKX2.2/NKX6.1 expression in pancreatic progenitor cells. Collectively, we demonstrate that ONECUT1 controls a transcriptional and epigenetic machinery regulating endocrine development, involved in a spectrum of diabetes, encompassing monogenic (recessive and dominant) as well as multifactorial inheritance. Our findings highlight the broad contribution of ONECUT1 in diabetes pathogenesis, marking an important step toward precision diabetes medicine.
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17
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Brown ML, Lopez A, Meyer N, Richter A, Thompson TB. FSTL3-Neutralizing Antibodies Enhance Glucose-Responsive Insulin Secretion in Dysfunctional Male Mouse and Human Islets. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6128796. [PMID: 33539535 PMCID: PMC8384134 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is caused by insufficient insulin production from pancreatic beta cells or insufficient insulin action, leading to an inability to control blood glucose. While a wide range of treatments exist to alleviate the symptoms of diabetes, therapies addressing the root cause of diabetes through replacing lost beta cells with functional cells remain an object of active pursuit. We previously demonstrated that genetic deletion of Fstl3, a critical regulator of activin activity, enhanced beta cell number and glucose-responsive insulin production. These observations suggested the hypothesis that FSTL3 neutralization could be used to therapeutically enhance beta cell number and function in humans. To pursue this possibility, we developed an FSTL3-neutralizing antibody, FP-101, and characterized its ability to prevent or disrupt FSTL3 from complexing with activin or related ligands. This antibody was selective for FSTL3 relative to the closely related follistatin, thereby reducing the chance for off-target effects. In vitro assays with FP-101 and activin revealed that FP-101-mediated neutralization of FSTL3 can enhance both insulin secretion and glucose responsiveness to nonfunctional mouse and human islets under conditions that model diabetes. Thus, FSTL3 neutralization may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for treating diabetes through repairing dysfunctional beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Brown
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, University of Saint Joseph, West Hartford, CT 06117, USA
- Correspondence: Melissa Brown, PhD, RD, CSSD, LD, University of Saint Joseph, 1678 Asylum Ave, West Hartford, CT 06117, USA. E-mail:
| | - Alexa Lopez
- Fairbanks Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Concord, MA 01742, USA
| | - Nolan Meyer
- Fairbanks Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Concord, MA 01742, USA
| | - Alden Richter
- Fairbanks Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Concord, MA 01742, USA
| | - Thomas B Thompson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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18
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Choi H, Shinohara M, Ibuki M, Nishikawa M, Sakai Y. Differentiation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endocrine Progenitors to Islet-like Cells Using a Dialysis Suspension Culture System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082017. [PMID: 34440786 PMCID: PMC8392085 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of functional islet-like cells from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is a promising strategy for the therapeutic use and disease modeling for type 1 diabetes. However, the production cost of islet-like cells is extremely high due to the use of expensive growth factors for differentiation. In a conventional culture method, growth factors and beneficial autocrine factors remaining in the culture medium are removed along with toxic metabolites during the medium change, and it limits the efficient utilization of those factors. In this study, we demonstrated that the dialysis suspension culture system is possible to reduce the usage of growth factors to one-third in the differentiation of hiPSC-derived endocrine progenitor cells to islet-like cells by reducing the medium change frequency with the refinement of the culture medium. Furthermore, the expression levels of hormone-secretion-related genes and the efficiency of differentiation were improved with the dialysis suspension culture system, possibly due to the retaining of autocrine factors. In addition, we confirmed several improvements required for the further study of the dialysis culture system. These findings showed the promising possibility of the dialysis suspension culture system for the low-cost production of islet-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Marie Shinohara
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; (M.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Masato Ibuki
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; (M.S.); (M.I.)
- Kaneka Corporation, Osaka 530-0005, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishikawa
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (M.N.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (M.N.); (Y.S.)
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19
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Burgos JI, Vallier L, Rodríguez-Seguí SA. Monogenic Diabetes Modeling: In Vitro Pancreatic Differentiation From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Gains Momentum. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:692596. [PMID: 34295307 PMCID: PMC8290520 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.692596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of diabetes mellitus is characterized by pancreatic β cell loss and chronic hyperglycemia. While Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are the most common types, rarer forms involve mutations affecting a single gene. This characteristic has made monogenic diabetes an interesting disease group to model in vitro using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). By altering the genotype of the original hPSCs or by deriving human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from patients with monogenic diabetes, changes in the outcome of the in vitro differentiation protocol can be analyzed in detail to infer the regulatory mechanisms affected by the disease-associated genes. This approach has been so far applied to a diversity of genes/diseases and uncovered new mechanisms. The focus of the present review is to discuss the latest findings obtained by modeling monogenic diabetes using hPSC-derived pancreatic cells generated in vitro. We will specifically focus on the interpretation of these studies, the advantages and limitations of the models used, and the future perspectives for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Burgos
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Santiago A. Rodríguez-Seguí
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Zhang X, Ma Z, Song E, Xu T. Islet organoid as a promising model for diabetes. Protein Cell 2021; 13:239-257. [PMID: 33751396 PMCID: PMC7943334 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on diabetes have long been hampered by a lack of authentic disease models that, ideally, should be unlimited and able to recapitulate the abnormalities involved in the development, structure, and function of human pancreatic islets under pathological conditions. Stem cell-based islet organoids faithfully recapitulate islet development in vitro and provide large amounts of three-dimensional functional islet biomimetic materials with a morphological structure and cellular composition similar to those of native islets. Thus, islet organoids hold great promise for modeling islet development and function, deciphering the mechanisms underlying the onset of diabetes, providing an in vitro human organ model for infection of viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, and contributing to drug screening and autologous islet transplantation. However, the currently established islet organoids are generally immature compared with native islets, and further efforts should be made to improve the heterogeneity and functionality of islet organoids, making it an authentic and informative disease model for diabetes. Here, we review the advances and challenges in the generation of islet organoids, focusing on human pluripotent stem cell-derived islet organoids, and the potential applications of islet organoids as disease models and regenerative therapies for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhuo Ma
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Eli Song
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Tao Xu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (Bioland Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, China.
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21
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Molecular mechanisms of transcription factor mediated cell reprogramming: conversion of liver to pancreas. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:579-590. [PMID: 33666218 PMCID: PMC8106502 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transdifferentiation is a type of cellular reprogramming involving the conversion of one differentiated cell type to another. This remarkable phenomenon holds enormous promise for the field of regenerative medicine. Over the last 20 years techniques used to reprogram cells to alternative identities have advanced dramatically. Cellular identity is determined by the transcriptional profile which comprises the subset of mRNAs, and therefore proteins, being expressed by a cell at a given point in time. A better understanding of the levers governing transcription factor activity benefits our ability to generate therapeutic cell types at will. One well-established example of transdifferentiation is the conversion of hepatocytes to pancreatic β-cells. This cell type conversion potentially represents a novel therapy in T1D treatment. The identification of key master regulator transcription factors (which distinguish one body part from another) during embryonic development has been central in developing transdifferentiation protocols. Pdx1 is one such example of a master regulator. Ectopic expression of vector-delivered transcription factors (particularly the triumvirate of Pdx1, Ngn3 and MafA) induces reprogramming through broad transcriptional remodelling. Increasingly, complimentary cell culture techniques, which recapitulate the developmental microenvironment, are employed to coax cells to adopt new identities by indirectly regulating transcription factor activity via intracellular signalling pathways. Both transcription factor-based reprogramming and directed differentiation approaches ultimately exploit transcription factors to influence cellular identity. Here, we explore the evolution of reprogramming and directed differentiation approaches within the context of hepatocyte to β-cell transdifferentiation focussing on how the introduction of new techniques has improved our ability to generate β-cells.
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22
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Huijbregts L, Aiello V, Soggia A, Ravassard P, Rachdi L, Scharfmann R, Albagli O. Culture, differentiation, and transduction of mouse E12.5 pancreatic spheres: an in vitro model for the secondary transition of pancreas development. Islets 2021; 13:10-23. [PMID: 33641620 PMCID: PMC8018339 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2020.1863723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During the secondary transition of rodent pancreatic development, mainly between E12.5 and E15.5 in mice, exocrine and endocrine populations differentiate from pancreatic progenitors. Here we describe an experimental system for its study in vitro. First, we show that spheres derived from dissociated E12.5 mouse pancreases differentiate within 7 days into most pancreatic exocrine and endocrine cell types, including beta cells. The proportion and spatial repartition of the different endocrine populations mirror those observed during normal development. Thus, dissociation and culture do not impair the developmental events affecting pancreatic progenitors during the secondary transition. Moreover, dissociated cells from mouse E12.5 pancreas were transduced with ecotropic MLV-based retroviral vectors or, though less efficiently, with a mixture of ALV(A)-based retroviral vectors and gesicles containing the TVA (Tumor Virus A) receptor. As an additional improvement, we also created a transgenic mouse line expressing TVA under the control of the 4.5 kB pdx1 promoter (pdx1-TVA). We demonstrate that pancreatic progenitors from dissociated pdx1-TVA pancreas can be specifically transduced by ALV(A)-based retroviral vectors. Using this model, we expressed an activated mutant of the YAP transcriptional co-activator in pancreatic progenitors. These experiments indicate that deregulated YAP activity reduces endocrine and exocrine differentiation in the resulting spheres, confirming and extending previously published data. Thus, our experimental model recapitulates in vitro the crucial developmental decisions arising at the secondary transition and provides a convenient tool to study their genetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Huijbregts
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Aiello
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Soggia
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ravassard
- Institut du Cerveau et de La Moelle Épinière (ICM), INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Latif Rachdi
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Albagli
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- CONTACT Olivier Albagli Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, 123 Bd Du Port-Royal, Paris75014, France
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23
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Huang R, Bai X, Li X, Wang X, Zhao L. Retinol-Binding Protein 4 Activates STRA6, Provoking Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2021; 70:449-463. [PMID: 33199363 DOI: 10.2337/db19-1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction plays a decisive role in the progression of type 2 diabetes. Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a prominent adipokine in type 2 diabetes, although its effect on β-cell function remains elusive, and the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we found that elevated circulating RBP4 levels were inversely correlated with pancreatic β-cell function in db/db mice across different glycemic stages. RBP4 directly suppressed glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in primary isolated islets and INS-1E cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. RBP4 transgenic (RBP4-Tg) overexpressing mice showed a dynamic decrease of GSIS, which appeared as early as 8 weeks old, preceding the impairment of insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Islets isolated from RBP4-Tg mice showed a significant decrease of GSIS. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that the stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6), RBP4's only known specific membrane receptor, is expressed in β-cells and mediates the inhibitory effect of RBP4 on insulin synthesis through the Janus kinase 2/STAT1/ISL-1 pathway. Moreover, decreasing circulating RBP4 level could effectively restore β-cell dysfunction and ameliorate hyperglycemia in db/db mice. These observations revealed a role of RBP4 in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, which provides new insight into the diabetogenic effect of RBP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxiu Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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24
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Brown ML, Schneyer A. A Decade Later: Revisiting the TGFβ Family's Role in Diabetes. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:36-47. [PMID: 33261990 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In 2010, we published a review summarizing the role of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) family of proteins in diabetes. At that time there were still many outstanding questions that needed to be answered. In this updated review, we revisit the topic and provide new evidence that supports findings from previous studies included in the 2010 review and adds to the knowledge base with new findings and information. The most substantial contributions in the past 10 years have been in the areas of human data, the investigation of TGFβ family members other than activin [e.g., bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), growth and differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), nodal], and the expansion of β-cell number through various mechanisms including transdifferentiation, which was previously believed to not be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Schneyer
- Fairbanks Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Springfield, MA 01199, USA
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25
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Aigha II, Abdelalim EM. NKX6.1 transcription factor: a crucial regulator of pancreatic β cell development, identity, and proliferation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:459. [PMID: 33121533 PMCID: PMC7597038 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biology underlying the mechanisms and pathways regulating pancreatic β cell development is necessary to understand the pathology of diabetes mellitus (DM), which is characterized by the progressive reduction in insulin-producing β cell mass. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can potentially offer an unlimited supply of functional β cells for cellular therapy and disease modeling of DM. Homeobox protein NKX6.1 is a transcription factor (TF) that plays a critical role in pancreatic β cell function and proliferation. In human pancreatic islet, NKX6.1 expression is exclusive to β cells and is undetectable in other islet cells. Several reports showed that activation of NKX6.1 in PSC-derived pancreatic progenitors (MPCs), expressing PDX1 (PDX1+/NKX6.1+), warrants their future commitment to monohormonal β cells. However, further differentiation of MPCs lacking NKX6.1 expression (PDX1+/NKX6.1−) results in an undesirable generation of non-functional polyhormonal β cells. The importance of NKX6.1 as a crucial regulator in MPC specification into functional β cells directs attentions to further investigating its mechanism and enhancing NKX6.1 expression as a means to increase β cell function and mass. Here, we shed light on the role of NKX6.1 during pancreatic β cell development and in directing the MPCs to functional monohormonal lineage. Furthermore, we address the transcriptional mechanisms and targets of NKX6.1 as well as its association with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idil I Aigha
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar.,Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Essam M Abdelalim
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar. .,Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
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26
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Yang XF, Zhou SY, Wang C, Huang W, Li N, He F, Li FR. Inhibition of LSD1 promotes the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into insulin-producing cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:185. [PMID: 32430053 PMCID: PMC7238565 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represent a potentially unlimited source of pancreatic endocrine lineage cells. Although insulin-producing β cells derived from hiPSCs have been successfully induced, much work remains to be done to achieve mature β cells. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) plays an important role in the regulation of hiPSC self-renewal and differentiation. We propose a new strategy to acquire insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from hiPSCs by knocking down LSD1. METHODS Knockdown of LSD1 in hiPSCs with five shRNA. Assessment of the effects of shRNA on hiPSC proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Using knockdown hiPSCs with 31.33% LSD1 activity, we achieved a four-step differentiation into IPCs and test its differentiation efficiency, morphology, and marker genes and proteins. We implanted the IPCs into the renal subcapsular of SCID-Beige diabetic mice to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect in vivo. We tested LSD1 and HDAC1 whether they are present in the CoREST complex through IP-WB, and analyzed LSD1, CoREST, HDAC1, H3K4me2/me3, and H3K27me3 protein expression before and after knockdown of LSD1. RESULTS Differentiated hiPSCs were 38.32% ± 3.54% insulin-positive cells and released insulin/C-peptide in response to glucose stimulus in a manner comparable to adult human islets. Most of the IPCs co-expressed mature β cell-specific markers. When transplanted under the left renal capsule of SCID-Beige diabetic mice, these IPCs reversed hyperglycemia, leading to a significant increase in the definitive endoderm cells. IP-WB results showed that LSD1, HDAC1, and CoREST formed a complex in hiPSCs. Chip-PCR results showed that LSD1, HDAC1, and CoREST were enriched in the same district during the SOX17 and FOXA2 promoter region. Inhibition of LSD1 would not affect the level of CoREST but decreased the HDAC1 expressions. The H3K4me2/me3 and H3K9act level of SOX17 and FOXA2 promoter region increased after inhibited of LSD1, and promoted transcriptional activation. The H3K4me2/me3 and H3K9act level of OCT4 and SOX2 promoter region decreased with the transcriptional repressed. CONCLUSIONS LSD1 regulated histone methylation and acetylation in promoter regions of pluripotent or endodermal genes. Our results suggest a highly efficient approach to producing IPCs from hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Yang
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Ji'nan University, 1017 Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Stem Cell and Cell therapy, Shenzhen, 518020, China.,Shenzhen Cell Therapy Public Service Platform, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Shu-Yan Zhou
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Ji'nan University, 1017 Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Stem Cell and Cell therapy, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Ce Wang
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Ji'nan University, 1017 Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China.,Shenzhen Cell Therapy Public Service Platform, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ning Li
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Ji'nan University, 1017 Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Stem Cell and Cell therapy, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Fei He
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Stem Cell and Cell therapy, Shenzhen, 518020, China.,Shenzhen Cell Therapy Public Service Platform, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Fu-Rong Li
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Ji'nan University, 1017 Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China. .,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Stem Cell and Cell therapy, Shenzhen, 518020, China. .,Shenzhen Cell Therapy Public Service Platform, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
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27
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Xu B, Fan D, Zhao Y, Li J, Wang Z, Wang J, Wang X, Guan Z, Niu B. Three-Dimensional Culture Promotes the Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells Into Insulin-Producing Cells for Improving the Diabetes Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1576. [PMID: 32038250 PMCID: PMC6993085 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetes is a metabolic disease with a high incidence and serious harm to human health. Islet β-cell function defects can occur in the late stage of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Studies have shown that stem cell is a promising new approach in bioengineering regenerative medicine. In the study of stem cell differentiation, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture is more capable of mimicking the microenvironment of cell growth in vivo than two-dimensional (2D) cell culture. The natural contact between cells and cells, and cells and extracellular matrix can regulate the development process and promote the formation of the artificial regenerative organs and organization. Type IV, VI collagen and laminin are the most abundant extracellular matrix components in islets. Matrigel, a basement membrane matrix biomaterial rich in laminin and collagen IV. Materials and Methods We used Matrigel biomaterial to physically embed human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) to provide vector and 3D culture conditions for cells, and we explored and compared the preparation methods and preliminary mechanisms of differentiation of hDPSCs into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) under 2D or 3D culture conditions.We first designed and screened the strategy by mimicking the critical events of pancreatogenesis in vivo, and succeeded in establishing a new method for obtaining IPCs from hDPSCs. Activin A, Noggin, and small molecule compounds were used to synergistically induce hDPSCs to differentiate into definitive endoderm-like cells, pancreatic progenitor like cells and IPCs step by step under 2D culture conditions. Then, we used Matrigel to simulate the microenvironment in vivo, induced hDPSCs to differentiate into IPCs in Matrigel, evaluated and compared the efficiency between 2D and 3D culture conditions. Results The results showed that the synergistic combination of growth factors and small molecule compounds and 3D culture promoted the differentiation of hDPSCs into IPCs, significantly enhancing the release of insulin and C-peptide from IPCs. Discussion Significant support is provided for obtaining a large number of functional IPCs for disease modeling and final cell therapy in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Xu
- Department of Translational Medicine, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Daoyang Fan
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunshan Zhao
- Institute of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Translational Medicine, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuwei Wang
- Department of Translational Medicine, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Guan
- Department of Translational Medicine, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Niu
- Department of Translational Medicine, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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28
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Loo LSW, Vethe H, Soetedjo AAP, Paulo JA, Jasmen J, Jackson N, Bjørlykke Y, Valdez IA, Vaudel M, Barsnes H, Gygi SP, Raeder H, Teo AKK, Kulkarni RN. Dynamic proteome profiling of human pluripotent stem cell-derived pancreatic progenitors. Stem Cells 2020; 38:542-555. [PMID: 31828876 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive characterization of the molecular processes controlling cell fate decisions is essential to derive stable progenitors and terminally differentiated cells that are functional from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Here, we report the use of quantitative proteomics to describe early proteome adaptations during hPSC differentiation toward pancreatic progenitors. We report that the use of unbiased quantitative proteomics allows the simultaneous profiling of numerous proteins at multiple time points, and is a valuable tool to guide the discovery of signaling events and molecular signatures underlying cellular differentiation. We also monitored the activity level of pathways whose roles are pivotal in the early pancreas differentiation, including the Hippo signaling pathway. The quantitative proteomics data set provides insights into the dynamics of the global proteome during the transition of hPSCs from a pluripotent state toward pancreatic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Sai Weng Loo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
| | - Heidrun Vethe
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joanita Jasmen
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Jackson
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yngvild Bjørlykke
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ivan A Valdez
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marc Vaudel
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Harald Barsnes
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Helge Raeder
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore.,Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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29
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Alvarez-Dominguez JR, Donaghey J, Rasouli N, Kenty JHR, Helman A, Charlton J, Straubhaar JR, Meissner A, Melton DA. Circadian Entrainment Triggers Maturation of Human In Vitro Islets. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 26:108-122.e10. [PMID: 31839570 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Stem-cell-derived tissues could transform disease research and therapy, yet most methods generate functionally immature products. We investigate how human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) differentiate into pancreatic islets in vitro by profiling DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, and histone modification changes. We find that enhancer potential is reset upon lineage commitment and show how pervasive epigenetic priming steers endocrine cell fates. Modeling islet differentiation and maturation regulatory circuits reveals genes critical for generating endocrine cells and identifies circadian control as limiting for in vitro islet function. Entrainment to circadian feeding/fasting cycles triggers islet metabolic maturation by inducing cyclic synthesis of energy metabolism and insulin secretion effectors, including antiphasic insulin and glucagon pulses. Following entrainment, hPSC-derived islets gain persistent chromatin changes and rhythmic insulin responses with a raised glucose threshold, a hallmark of functional maturity, and function within days of transplantation. Thus, hPSC-derived tissues are amenable to functional improvement by circadian modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Alvarez-Dominguez
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Julie Donaghey
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Niloofar Rasouli
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jennifer H R Kenty
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Aharon Helman
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jocelyn Charlton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Juerg R Straubhaar
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alexander Meissner
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Douglas A Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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30
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Villani V, Thornton ME, Zook HN, Crook CJ, Grubbs BH, Orlando G, De Filippo R, Ku HT, Perin L. SOX9+/PTF1A+ Cells Define the Tip Progenitor Cells of the Human Fetal Pancreas of the Second Trimester. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:1249-1264. [PMID: 31631582 PMCID: PMC6877773 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in recent years in characterizing human multipotent progenitor cells (hMPCs) of the early pancreas; however, the identity and persistence of these cells during the second trimester, after the initiation of branching morphogenesis, remain elusive. Additionally, studies on hMPCs have been hindered by few isolation methods that allow for the recovery of live cells. Here, we investigated the tip progenitor domain in the branched epithelium of human fetal pancreas between 13.5 and 17.5 gestational weeks by immunohistological staining. We also used a novel RNA-based technology to isolate live cells followed by gene expression analyses. We identified cells co-expressing SOX9 and PTF1A, two transcription factors known to be important for pancreatic MPCs, within the tips of the epithelium and observed a decrease in their proportions over time. Pancreatic SOX9+/PTF1A+ cells were enriched for MPC markers, including MYC and GATA6. These cells were proliferative and appeared active in branching morphogenesis and matrix remodeling, as evidenced by gene set enrichment analysis. We identified a hub of genes pertaining to the expanding tip progenitor niche, such as FOXF1, GLI3, TBX3, FGFR1, TGFBR2, ITGAV, ITGA2, and ITGB3. YAP1 of the Hippo pathway emerged as a highly enriched component within the SOX9+/PTF1A+ cells. Single-cell RNA-sequencing further corroborated the findings by identifying a cluster of SOX9+/PTF1A+ cells with multipotent characteristics. Based on these results, we propose that the SOX9+/PTF1A+ cells in the human pancreas are uncommitted MPC-like cells that reside at the tips of the expanding pancreatic epithelium, directing self-renewal and inducing pancreatic organogenesis. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:1249&1264.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Villani
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Matthew E Thornton
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Heather N Zook
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Christiana J Crook
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Brendan H Grubbs
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Giuseppe Orlando
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Roger De Filippo
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hsun Teresa Ku
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Laura Perin
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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31
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Lee K, Kim H, Lee J, Oh CM, Song H, Kim H, Koo SH, Lee J, Lim A, Kim H. Essential Role of Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1 in Pancreas Development by Regulating Protein Stability of Neurogenin 3. Diabetes Metab J 2019; 43:649-658. [PMID: 30968621 PMCID: PMC6834834 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2018.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is a major enzyme responsible for the formation of methylarginine in mammalian cells. Recent studies have revealed that PRMT1 plays important roles in the development of various tissues. However, its role in pancreas development has not yet been elucidated. METHODS Pancreatic progenitor cell-specific Prmt1 knock-out (Prmt1 PKO) mice were generated and characterized for their metabolic and histological phenotypes and their levels of Neurog3 gene expression and neurogenin 3 (NGN3) protein expression. Protein degradation assays were performed in mPAC cells. RESULTS Prmt1 PKO mice showed growth retardation and a severely diabetic phenotype. The pancreatic size and β-cell mass were significantly reduced in Prmt1 PKO mice. Proliferation of progenitor cells during the secondary transition was decreased and endocrine cell differentiation was impaired. These defects in pancreas development could be attributed to the sustained expression of NGN3 in progenitor cells. Protein degradation assays in mPAC cells revealed that PRMT1 was required for the rapid degradation of NGN3. CONCLUSION PRMT1 critically contributes to pancreas development by destabilizing the NGN3 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanghoon Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyunki Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Joonyub Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang Myung Oh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Heein Song
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyeongseok Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung Hoi Koo
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junguee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ajin Lim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hail Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.
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32
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Lodh S. Primary Cilium, An Unsung Hero in Maintaining Functional β-cell Population. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 92:471-480. [PMID: 31543709 PMCID: PMC6747938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
A primary challenge in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the preservation of a functional population of β-cells, which play a central role in regulating blood glucose levels. Two congenital disorders, Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) and Alström syndrome (ALMS), can serve as useful models to understand how β-cells are normally produced and regenerated. Both are characterized by obesity, loss of β-cells, and defects in primary cilia - the sensory center of cells. Primary cilia are cellular protrusions present in almost every vertebrate cell. This antenna-like organelle plays a crucial role in regulating several signaling pathways that direct proper development, proliferation, and homeostasis. Mutations in genes expressing ciliary proteins or proteins present at or near the base of the cilium lead to disorders, collectively called ciliopathies. BBS and Alström syndrome are such disorders. Though both BBS and Alström patients are obese, their childhood diabetes rates are vastly different, suggesting distinct pathogenesis underlying these two ciliopathies. Clinical studies suggest that BBS patients are protected against early onset diabetes by sustained or enhanced β-cell function. In contrast, Alström patients are more prone to develop diabetes. They have hyperinsulinemia, yet their β-cells fail to sense glucose and to regulate insulin secretion accordingly. These data suggest a potential role for primary cilia in maintaining a functional β-cell population and that defects in cilia or in ciliary proteins impair development and function of β-cells. Identifying the respective roles of primary cilia and ciliary proteins, such as BBS and ALMS1 may shed light on β-cell biology and uncover potentially novel targets for diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Lodh
- To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Sukanya Lodh, Department of Biological sciences, Marquette University, 1428 W. Clybourn St., Milwaukee, WI 53233; Tel: 802-881-6221, Email address:
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Sahebi L, Niknafs N, Dalili H, Amini E, Esmaeilnia T, Amoli M, Farrokhzad N. Iranian neonatal diabetes mellitus due to mutation in PDX1 gene: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2019; 13:258. [PMID: 31366392 PMCID: PMC6670147 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-019-2149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neonatal diabetes mellitus with hyperglycemia during the first 6 months of life is a rare disorder that can occur in all races and societies. Case presentation In this study, we introduced an Iranian (Persian) 65-day-old patient with neonatal diabetes mellitus with novel homozygous mutation in the pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1, PDX1, gene, which is also known as IPF1 gene, located in exon 2. This case was a newborn boy born in Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran; he was diagnosed as having hyperglycemia on 28th day. Genetic analysis detected a homozygous mutation on PDX1 gene on chromosome 13. It is a novel homozygous mutation in the PDX1 gene (NM_000209.3), p.Phe167Val. This mutation was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. There was no evidence of agenesis of the pancreas. Conclusions We reported a case of neonatal diabetes mellitus due to novel homozygous mutation in the PDX1 gene without exocrine pancreas manifestations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13256-019-2149-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Sahebi
- Institute of Family Health , Breastfeeding Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Niknafs
- Institute of Family Health , Breastfeeding Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosein Dalili
- Institute of Family Health , Breastfeeding Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Amini
- Institute of Family Health, Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Esmaeilnia
- Institute of Family Health, Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Amoli
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Farrokhzad
- Institute of Family Health, Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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Wade AK, Liu Y, Bethea MM, Toren E, Tse HM, Hunter CS. LIM-domain transcription complexes interact with ring-finger ubiquitin ligases and thereby impact islet β-cell function. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:11728-11740. [PMID: 31186351 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by a loss of β-cell mass, and a greater understanding of the transcriptional mechanisms governing β-cell function is required for future therapies. Previously, we reported that a complex of the Islet-1 (Isl1) transcription factor and the co-regulator single-stranded DNA-binding protein 3 (SSBP3) regulates the genes necessary for β-cell function, but few proteins are known to interact with this complex in β-cells. To identify additional components, here we performed SSBP3 reverse-cross-linked immunoprecipitation (ReCLIP)- and MS-based experiments with mouse β-cell extracts and compared the results with those from our previous Isl1 ReCLIP study. Our analysis identified the E3 ubiquitin ligases ring finger protein 20 (RNF20) and RNF40, factors that in nonpancreatic cells regulate transcription through imparting monoubiquitin marks on histone H2B (H2Bub1), a precursor to histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3). We hypothesized that RNF20 and RNF40 regulate similar genes as those regulated by Isl1 and SSBP3 and are important for β-cell function. We observed that Rnf20 and Rnf40 depletion reduces β-cell H2Bub1 marks and uncovered several target genes, including glucose transporter 2 (Glut2), MAF BZIP transcription factor A (MafA), and uncoupling protein 2 (Ucp2). Strikingly, we also observed that Isl1 and SSBP3 depletion reduces H2Bub1 and H3K4me3 marks, suggesting that they have epigenetic roles. We noted that the RNF complex is required for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and normal mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels. These findings indicate that RNF20 and RNF40 regulate β-cell gene expression and insulin secretion and establish a link between Isl1 complexes and global cellular epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa K Wade
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294.,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Yanping Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294.,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Maigen M Bethea
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294.,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Eliana Toren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294.,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Hubert M Tse
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Chad S Hunter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294 .,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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Luan C, Ye Y, Singh T, Barghouth M, Eliasson L, Artner I, Zhang E, Renström E. The calcium channel subunit gamma-4 is regulated by MafA and necessary for pancreatic beta-cell specification. Commun Biol 2019; 2:106. [PMID: 30911681 PMCID: PMC6420573 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV) channels trigger glucose-induced insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cell and their dysfunction increases diabetes risk. These heteromeric complexes include the main subunit alpha1, and the accessory ones, including subunit gamma that remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that CaV gamma subunit 4 (CaVγ4) is downregulated in islets from human donors with diabetes, diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, as well as under conditions of gluco-/lipotoxic stress. Reduction of CaVγ4 expression results in decreased expression of L-type CaV1.2 and CaV1.3, thereby suppressing voltage-gated Ca2+ entry and glucose stimulated insulin exocytosis. The most important finding is that CaVγ4 expression is controlled by the transcription factor responsible for beta-cell specification, MafA, as verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation and experiments in beta-cell specific MafA knockout mice (MafA Δβcell ). Taken together, these findings suggest that CaVγ4 is necessary for maintaining a functional differentiated beta-cell phenotype. Treatment aiming at restoring CaVγ4 may help to restore beta-cell function in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Luan
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yingying Ye
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tania Singh
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Barghouth
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Isabella Artner
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Enming Zhang
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Renström
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
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Bethea M, Liu Y, Wade AK, Mullen R, Gupta R, Gelfanov V, DiMarchi R, Bhatnagar S, Behringer R, Habegger KM, Hunter CS. The islet-expressed Lhx1 transcription factor interacts with Islet-1 and contributes to glucose homeostasis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E397-E409. [PMID: 30620636 PMCID: PMC6415717 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00235.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The LIM-homeodomain (LIM-HD) transcription factor Islet-1 (Isl1) interacts with the LIM domain-binding protein 1 (Ldb1) coregulator to control expression of key pancreatic β-cell genes. However, Ldb1 also has Isl1-independent effects, supporting that another LIM-HD factor interacts with Ldb1 to impact β-cell development and/or function. LIM homeobox 1 (Lhx1) is an Isl1-related LIM-HD transcription factor that appears to be expressed in the developing mouse pancreas and in adult islets. However, roles for this factor in the pancreas are unknown. This study aimed to determine Lhx1 interactions and elucidate gene regulatory and physiological roles in the pancreas. Co-immunoprecipitation using β-cell extracts demonstrated an interaction between Lhx1 and Isl1, and thus we hypothesized that Lhx1 and Isl1 regulate similar target genes. To test this, we employed siRNA-mediated Lhx1 knockdown in β-cell lines and discovered reduced Glp1R mRNA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed Lhx1 occupancy at a domain also known to be occupied by Isl1 and Ldb1. Through development of a pancreas-wide knockout mouse model ( Lhx1∆Panc), we demonstrate that aged Lhx1∆Panc mice have elevated fasting blood glucose levels, altered intraperitoneal and oral glucose tolerance, and significantly upregulated glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, MafB, and Arx islet mRNAs. Additionally, Lhx1∆Panc mice exhibit significantly reduced Glp1R, an mRNA encoding the insulinotropic receptor for glucagon-like peptide 1 along with a concomitant dampened Glp1 response and mild glucose intolerance in mice challenged with oral glucose. These data are the first to reveal that the Lhx1 transcription factor contributes to normal glucose homeostasis and Glp1 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maigen Bethea
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Yanping Liu
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Alexa K Wade
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rachel Mullen
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Vasily Gelfanov
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Richard DiMarchi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Sushant Bhatnagar
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Richard Behringer
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Kirk M Habegger
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chad S Hunter
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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Cyphert HA, Walker EM, Hang Y, Dhawan S, Haliyur R, Bonatakis L, Avrahami D, Brissova M, Kaestner KH, Bhushan A, Powers AC, Stein R. Examining How the MAFB Transcription Factor Affects Islet β-Cell Function Postnatally. Diabetes 2019; 68:337-348. [PMID: 30425060 PMCID: PMC6341297 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The sustained expression of the MAFB transcription factor in human islet β-cells represents a distinct difference in mice. Moreover, mRNA expression of closely related and islet β-cell-enriched MAFA does not peak in humans until after 9 years of age. We show that the MAFA protein also is weakly produced within the juvenile human islet β-cell population and that MafB expression is postnatally restricted in mouse β-cells by de novo DNA methylation. To gain insight into how MAFB affects human β-cells, we developed a mouse model to ectopically express MafB in adult mouse β-cells using MafA transcriptional control sequences. Coexpression of MafB with MafA had no overt impact on mouse β-cells, suggesting that the human adult β-cell MAFA/MAFB heterodimer is functionally equivalent to the mouse MafA homodimer. However, MafB alone was unable to rescue the islet β-cell defects in a mouse mutant lacking MafA in β-cells. Of note, transgenic production of MafB in β-cells elevated tryptophan hydroxylase 1 mRNA production during pregnancy, which drives the serotonin biosynthesis critical for adaptive maternal β-cell responses. Together, these studies provide novel insight into the role of MAFB in human islet β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Cyphert
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Emily M Walker
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Yan Hang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Sangeeta Dhawan
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Rachana Haliyur
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Lauren Bonatakis
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Dana Avrahami
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anil Bhushan
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - Roland Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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Harnessing CXCL12 signaling to protect and preserve functional β-cell mass and for cell replacement in type 1 diabetes. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 193:63-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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39
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Wong WKM, Sørensen AE, Joglekar MV, Hardikar AA, Dalgaard LT. Non-Coding RNA in Pancreas and β-Cell Development. Noncoding RNA 2018; 4:E41. [PMID: 30551650 PMCID: PMC6315983 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna4040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the role of different classes of non-coding RNAs for islet and β-cell development, maturation and function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a prominent class of small RNAs, have been investigated for more than two decades and patterns of the roles of different miRNAs in pancreatic fetal development, islet and β-cell maturation and function are now emerging. Specific miRNAs are dynamically regulated throughout the period of pancreas development, during islet and β-cell differentiation as well as in the perinatal period, where a burst of β-cell replication takes place. The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) in islet and β-cells is less investigated than for miRNAs, but knowledge is increasing rapidly. The advent of ultra-deep RNA sequencing has enabled the identification of highly islet- or β-cell-selective lncRNA transcripts expressed at low levels. Their roles in islet cells are currently only characterized for a few of these lncRNAs, and these are often associated with β-cell super-enhancers and regulate neighboring gene activity. Moreover, ncRNAs present in imprinted regions are involved in pancreas development and β-cell function. Altogether, these observations support significant and important actions of ncRNAs in β-cell development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson K M Wong
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Center, University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2050, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Anja E Sørensen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Mugdha V Joglekar
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Center, University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2050, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Anand A Hardikar
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Center, University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2050, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Louise T Dalgaard
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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Perillo M, Paganos P, Mattiello T, Cocurullo M, Oliveri P, Arnone MI. New Neuronal Subtypes With a "Pre-Pancreatic" Signature in the Sea Urchin Stongylocentrotus purpuratus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:650. [PMID: 30450080 PMCID: PMC6224346 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons and pancreatic endocrine cells have a common physiology and express a similar toolkit of transcription factors during development. To explain these common features, it has been hypothesized that pancreatic cells most likely co-opted a pre-existing gene regulatory program from ancestral neurons. To test this idea, we looked for neurons with a "pre-pancreatic" program in an early-branched deuterostome, the sea urchin. Only vertebrates have a proper pancreas, however, our lab previously found that cells with a pancreatic-like signature are localized within the sea urchin embryonic gut. We also found that the pancreatic transcription factors Xlox/Pdx1 and Brn1/2/4 co-localize in a sub-population of ectodermal cells. Here, we find that the ectodermal SpLox+ SpBrn1/2/4 cells are specified as SpSoxC and SpPtf1a neuronal precursors that become the lateral ganglion and the apical organ neurons. Two of the SpLox+ SpBrn1/2/4 cells also express another pancreatic transcription factor, the LIM-homeodomain gene islet-1. Moreover, we find that SpLox neurons produce the neuropeptide SpANP2, and that SpLox regulates SpANP2 expression. Taken together, our data reveal that there is a subset of sea urchin larval neurons with a gene program that predated pancreatic cells. These findings suggest that pancreatic endocrine cells co-opted a regulatory signature from an ancestral neuron that was already present in an early-branched deuterostome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Teresa Mattiello
- Centre For Life's Origins and Evolution, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paola Oliveri
- Centre For Life's Origins and Evolution, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Jetten AM. GLIS1-3 transcription factors: critical roles in the regulation of multiple physiological processes and diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3473-3494. [PMID: 29779043 PMCID: PMC6123274 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2841-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like zinc finger proteins form one of the largest families of transcription factors. They function as key regulators of embryonic development and a wide range of other physiological processes, and are implicated in a variety of pathologies. GLI-similar 1-3 (GLIS1-3) constitute a subfamily of Krüppel-like zinc finger proteins that act either as activators or repressors of gene transcription. GLIS3 plays a critical role in the regulation of multiple biological processes and is a key regulator of pancreatic β cell generation and maturation, insulin gene expression, thyroid hormone biosynthesis, spermatogenesis, and the maintenance of normal kidney functions. Loss of GLIS3 function in humans and mice leads to the development of several pathologies, including neonatal diabetes and congenital hypothyroidism, polycystic kidney disease, and infertility. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in GLIS3 genes have been associated with increased risk of several diseases, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes, glaucoma, and neurological disorders. GLIS2 plays a critical role in the kidney and GLIS2 dysfunction leads to nephronophthisis, an end-stage, cystic renal disease. In addition, GLIS1-3 have regulatory functions in several stem/progenitor cell populations. GLIS1 and GLIS3 greatly enhance reprogramming efficiency of somatic cells into induced embryonic stem cells, while GLIS2 inhibits reprogramming. Recent studies have obtained substantial mechanistic insights into several physiological processes regulated by GLIS2 and GLIS3, while a little is still known about the physiological functions of GLIS1. The localization of some GLIS proteins to the primary cilium suggests that their activity may be regulated by a downstream primary cilium-associated signaling pathway. Insights into the upstream GLIS signaling pathway may provide opportunities for the development of new therapeutic strategies for diabetes, hypothyroidism, and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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Li LC, Yu XX, Zhang YW, Feng Y, Qiu WL, Xu CR. Single-cell Transcriptomic Analyses of Mouse Pancreatic Endocrine Cells. J Vis Exp 2018:58000. [PMID: 30320740 PMCID: PMC6235374 DOI: 10.3791/58000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic endocrine cells, which are clustered in islets, regulate blood glucose stability and energy metabolism. The distinct cell types in islets, including insulin-secreting β cells, are differentiated from common endocrine progenitors during the embryonic stage. Immature endocrine cells expand via cell proliferation and mature during a long postnatal developmental period. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes are not clearly defined. Single-cell RNA-sequencing is a promising approach for the characterization of distinct cell populations and tracing cell lineage differentiation pathways. Here, we describe a method for the single-cell RNA-sequencing of isolated pancreatic β cells from embryonic, neonatal and postnatal pancreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Chen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University
| | - Xin-Xin Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University
| | - Yu-Wei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University
| | - Ye Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University; PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Peking University
| | - Wei-Lin Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University; PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Peking University
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University;
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43
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Matsuda H. Zebrafish as a model for studying functional pancreatic β cells development and regeneration. Dev Growth Differ 2018; 60:393-399. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Matsuda
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences; Graduate School of Life Sciences; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu Japan
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Subbarao RB, Shivakumar SB, Choe YH, Son YB, Lee HJ, Ullah I, Jang SJ, Ock SA, Lee SL, Rho GJ. CD105 + Porcine Endometrial Stromal Mesenchymal Stem Cells Possess Differentiation Potential Toward Cardiomyocyte-Like Cells and Insulin-Producing β Cell-Like Cells In Vitro. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:669-682. [PMID: 29986624 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118786461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Porcine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are similar to human MSCs, hence considered a valuable model for assessing potential for cell therapy. Porcine adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) and endometrial stromal MSCs (EMSCs) displayed fibroblast-like morphology and were positive for MSC markers CD73, CD90, and CD105 and negative for hematopoietic markers CD34 and CD45. The EMSCs had similar or slightly higher growth rate compared to AD-MSCs, and similar percentage of cells of both EMSCs and AD-MSCs were at G0/G1 and G2/M phases; however, EMSCs had significantly ( P < .05) higher percentage of cells at S phase of cell cycle than AD-MSCs. Transdifferentiation ability to cardiomyocyte-like cells was confirmed in differentiated cells by the expression of lineage-specific marker genes such as DES, ACTA2, cTnT, and ACTC1 by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, cardiomyocyte-specific protein markers cTnT and ACTC1 were expressed in completely differentiated cells. Endodermal differentiation capacity of EMSCs to pancreatic β cell-like cells was evident with the changes in morphology and the expression of β-cell-specific marker genes such as PDX1, GLUT2, SST, NKX6.1, PAX4, and NGN3 as analyzed by RT-qPCR. The differentiated cells secreted insulin and C-peptide upon glucose challenge and also they expressed insulin, PDX1, PAX4, NGN3, and GLUT2 at protein level as assessed by immunostaining confirming the successful differentiation to β cell-like cells. Porcine EMSCs possess all the characteristics of MSCs and are suitable model for studying molecular mechanisms of cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Baregundi Subbarao
- 1 Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sharath Belame Shivakumar
- 1 Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Choe
- 1 Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bum Son
- 1 Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jeong Lee
- 1 Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Imran Ullah
- 1 Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Jung Jang
- 1 Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-A Ock
- 2 Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Lim Lee
- 1 Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- 1 Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,3 Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Burke SJ, Batdorf HM, Burk DH, Martin TM, Mendoza T, Stadler K, Alami W, Karlstad MD, Robson MJ, Blakely RD, Mynatt RL, Collier JJ. Pancreatic deletion of the interleukin-1 receptor disrupts whole body glucose homeostasis and promotes islet β-cell de-differentiation. Mol Metab 2018; 14:95-107. [PMID: 29914854 PMCID: PMC6034063 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Pancreatic tissue, and islets in particular, are enriched in expression of the interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL-1R). Because of this enrichment, islet β-cells are exquisitely sensitive to the IL-1R ligands IL-1α and IL-1β, suggesting that signaling through this pathway regulates health and function of islet β-cells. Methods Herein, we report a targeted deletion of IL-1R in pancreatic tissue (IL-1RPdx1−/−) in C57BL/6J mice and in db/db mice on the C57 genetic background. Islet morphology, β-cell transcription factor abundance, and expression of the de-differentiation marker Aldh1a3 were analyzed by immunofluorescent staining. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were used to examine metabolic status of these genetic manipulations. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was evaluated in vivo and in isolated islets ex vivo by perifusion. Results Pancreatic deletion of IL-1R leads to impaired glucose tolerance, a phenotype that is exacerbated by age. Crossing the IL-1RPdx1−/− with db/db mice worsened glucose tolerance without altering body weight. There were no detectable alterations in insulin tolerance between IL-1RPdx1−/− mice and littermate controls. However, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was reduced in islets isolated from IL-1RPdx1−/− relative to control islets. Insulin output in vivo after a glucose challenge was also markedly reduced in IL-1RPdx1−/− mice when compared with littermate controls. Pancreatic islets from IL-1RPdx1−/− mice displayed elevations in Aldh1a3, a marker of de-differentiation, and reduction in nuclear abundance of the β-cell transcription factor MafA. Nkx6.1 abundance was unaltered. Conclusions There is an important physiological role for pancreatic IL-1R to promote glucose homeostasis by suppressing expression of Aldh1a3, sustaining MafA abundance, and supporting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo. Pancreatic deletion of IL-1R impairs glucose tolerance in young and old male mice. Pancreatic deletion of IL-1R worsens glucose tolerance in obese db/db mice. Deletion of IL-1R triggers expression of the de-differentiation marker Aldh1a3. IL-1 signaling in pancreatic tissue influences islet health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Burke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Heidi M Batdorf
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - David H Burk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Thomas M Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Tamra Mendoza
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | | | - Wateen Alami
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - Michael D Karlstad
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - Matthew J Robson
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Randy D Blakely
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter FL, 33458, USA
| | - Randall L Mynatt
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - J Jason Collier
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
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The Polycomb-Dependent Epigenome Controls β Cell Dysfunction, Dedifferentiation, and Diabetes. Cell Metab 2018; 27:1294-1308.e7. [PMID: 29754954 PMCID: PMC5989056 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To date, it remains largely unclear to what extent chromatin machinery contributes to the susceptibility and progression of complex diseases. Here, we combine deep epigenome mapping with single-cell transcriptomics to mine for evidence of chromatin dysregulation in type 2 diabetes. We find two chromatin-state signatures that track β cell dysfunction in mice and humans: ectopic activation of bivalent Polycomb-silenced domains and loss of expression at an epigenomically unique class of lineage-defining genes. β cell-specific Polycomb (Eed/PRC2) loss of function in mice triggers diabetes-mimicking transcriptional signatures and highly penetrant, hyperglycemia-independent dedifferentiation, indicating that PRC2 dysregulation contributes to disease. The work provides novel resources for exploring β cell transcriptional regulation and identifies PRC2 as necessary for long-term maintenance of β cell identity. Importantly, the data suggest a two-hit (chromatin and hyperglycemia) model for loss of β cell identity in diabetes.
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Huang Y, Wan J, Guo Y, Zhu S, Wang Y, Wang L, Guo Q, Lu Y, Wang Z. Transcriptome Analysis of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC)-derived Pancreatic β-like Cell Differentiation. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1380-1391. [PMID: 28901190 PMCID: PMC5680972 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717720281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes affects millions of people worldwide, and β-cell replacement is one of the promising new strategies for treatment. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can differentiate into any cell type, including pancreatic β cells, providing a potential treatment for diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the differentiation of iPSC-derived β cells have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we generated pancreatic β-like cells from mouse iPSCs using a 3-step protocol and performed deep RNA sequencing to get a transcriptional landscape of iPSC-derived pancreatic β-like cells during the selective differentiation period. We then focused on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during the time course of the differentiation period, and these genes underwent Gene Ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. In addition, gene-act networks were constructed for these DEGs, and the expression of pivotal genes detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was well correlated with RNA sequence (RNA-seq). Overall, our study provides valuable information regarding the transcriptome changes in β cells derived from iPSCs during differentiation, elucidates the biological process and pathways underlying β-cell differentiation, and promotes the identification and functional analysis of potential genes that could be used for improving functional β-cell generation from iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Wan
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yibing Guo
- 2 Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shajun Zhu
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yao Wang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Wang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qingsong Guo
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuhua Lu
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Aigha II, Memon B, Elsayed AK, Abdelalim EM. Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into two distinct NKX6.1 populations of pancreatic progenitors. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:83. [PMID: 29615106 PMCID: PMC5883581 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0834-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of a specific combination of transcription factors (TFs) in the multipotent progenitor cells (MPCs) is critical for determining pancreatic cell fate. NKX6.1 expression in PDX1+ MPCs is required for functional β cell generation. We have recently demonstrated the generation of a novel population of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived MPCs that exclusively express NKX6.1, independently of PDX1 (PDX1-/NKX6.1+). Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize this novel population to elucidate its role in pancreatic development. METHODS The hPSCs were exposed to two differentiation protocols to generate MPCs that were analyzed using different techniques. RESULTS Based on the expression of PDX1 and NKX6.1, we generated three different populations of MPCs, two of them were NKX6.1+. One of these NKX6.1 populations coexpressed PDX1 (PDX1+/NKX6.1+) which is known to mature into functional β cells, and an additional novel population did not express PDX1 (PDX1-/NKX6.1+) with an undefined role in pancreatic cell fate. This novel population was enriched using our recently established protocol, allowing their reorganization in three-dimensional (3D) structures. Since NKX6.1 induction in MPCs can direct them to endocrine and/or ductal cells in humans, we examined the coexpression of endocrine and ductal markers. We found that the expression of the pancreatic endocrine progenitor markers chromogranin A (CHGA) and neurogenin 3 (NGN3) was not detected in the NKX6.1+ 3D structures, while few structures were positive for NKX2.2, another endocrine progenitor marker, thereby shedding light on the origin of this novel population and its role in pancreatic endocrine development. Furthermore, SOX9 was highly expressed in the 3D structures, but cytokeratin 19, a main ductal marker, was not detected in these structures. CONCLUSIONS These data support the existence of two independent NKX6.1+ MPC populations during human pancreatic development and the novel PDX1-/NKX6.1+ population may be involved in a unique trajectory to generate β cells in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idil I Aigha
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bushra Memon
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed K Elsayed
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Essam M Abdelalim
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
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Hashemi Tabar M, Tabandeh MR, Moghimipour E, Dayer D, Ghadiri AA, Allah Bakhshi E, Orazizadeh M, Ghafari MA. The combined effect of Pdx1 overexpression and Shh manipulation on the function of insulin-producing cells derived from adipose-tissue stem cells. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:372-382. [PMID: 29511614 PMCID: PMC5832980 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) are the key regulators of beta-cell function. In vitro experiments have shown that there is significant cooperation between Pdx1 and Shh with regard to the production and maintenance of insulin-producing cells (IPCs). In this study, the combined effect of Pdx1 overexpression and Shh manipulation on the function of adipose tissue-derived IPCs was determined. A eukaryotic expression vector (Pdx1- pCDNA3.1(+)) was constructed and transfected into a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) obtained from rats were assigned to two groups [control (C) and manipulated (M)] and differentiated into IPCs. Manipulated cells were treated with a mixture of FGF-β and cyclopamine and recombinant Shh protein at days 3 and 11, respectively, and transfected with Pdx1- pCDNA3.1(+) at day 10. The expression of multiple genes related to function of beta cells was analyzed using real-time PCR. The functionality of IPCs in vitro was analyzed through dithizone (DTZ) staining and ELISA. IPCs were injected into the tail vein of diabetic rats, and blood glucose and insulin concentrations were measured. CHO cells transfected with Pdx1- pCDNA3.1(+) showed a significantly higher expression of Pdx1 compared with nontransfected cells. Manipulated IPCs exhibited a significantly higher expression of MafA, Nkx2.2, Nkx6.1, Ngn3, insulin, and Isl1 and a higher insulin secretion in response to glucose challenge in relation to control cells. Rats that received manipulated IPCs exhibited a higher ability to normalize blood glucose and insulin secretion when compared to controls. Our protocol might be used for more efficient cell therapy of patients with diabetes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Hashemi Tabar
- Cellular and Molecular Research center Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Iran.,Department of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Iran.,Stem Cells and Transgenic Technology Research Center Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Iran
| | - Eskandar Moghimipour
- Cellular and Molecular Research center Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Iran.,Department of pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Iran
| | - Dian Dayer
- Cellular and Molecular Research center Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Iran
| | - Ata A Ghadiri
- Cellular and Molecular Research center Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Iran.,Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Iran
| | - Elham Allah Bakhshi
- Cellular and Molecular Research center Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Iran
| | - Mahmoud Orazizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research center Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Iran.,Department of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ghafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research center Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Iran.,Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Iran
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The etiology of diabetes is mainly attributed to insulin deficiency due to the lack of β cells (type 1), or to insulin resistance that eventually results in β cell dysfunction (type 2). Therefore, an ultimate cure for diabetes requires the ability to replace the lost insulin-secreting β cells. Strategies for regenerating β cells are under extensive investigation. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors first summarize the mechanisms underlying embryonic β cell development and spontaneous adult β cell regeneration, which forms the basis for developing β cell regeneration strategies. Then the rationale and progress of each β cell regeneration strategy is reviewed. Current β cell regeneration strategies can be classified into two main categories: in vitro β cell regeneration using pluripotent stem cells and in vivo reprogramming of non-β cells into β cells. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. EXPERT OPINION Regenerating β cells has shown its potential as a cure for the treatment of insulin-deficient diabetes. Much progress has been made, and β cell regeneration therapy is getting closer to a clinical reality. Nevertheless, more hurdles need to be overcome before any of the strategies suggested can be fully translated from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Dong
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Hongju Wu
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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