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Safdar M, Ullah M, Hamayun S, Wahab A, Khan SU, Abdikakhorovich SA, Haq ZU, Mehreen A, Naeem M, Mustopa AZ, Hasan N. Microbiome Miracles and their Pioneering Advances and Future Frontiers in Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024:102686. [PMID: 38830479 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a significant global health challenge, underscoring the need for innovative approaches to prevention and treatment. Recent years have seen a surge in interest in unraveling the complex relationship between the gut microbiome and cardiovascular health. This article delves into current research on the composition, diversity, and impact of the gut microbiome on CVD development. Recent advancements have elucidated the profound influence of the gut microbiome on disease progression, particularly through key mediators like Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and other microbial metabolites. Understanding these mechanisms reveals promising therapeutic targets, including interventions aimed at modulating the gut microbiome's interaction with the immune system and its contribution to endothelial dysfunction. Harnessing this understanding, personalized medicine strategies tailored to individuals' gut microbiome profiles offer innovative avenues for reducing cardiovascular risk. As research in this field continues to evolve, there is vast potential for transformative advancements in cardiovascular medicine, paving the way for precision prevention and treatment strategies to address this global health challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mishal Safdar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muneeb Ullah
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shah Hamayun
- Department of Cardiology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, 04485 Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahab
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Women Medical and Dental College, Khyber Medical University, Abbottabad, 22080, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Zia Ul Haq
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Public Health Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Mehreen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Apon Zaenal Mustopa
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research, and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Nurhasni Hasan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km 10, Makassar 90245, Republic of Indonesia.
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Doggwiler V, Lanz M, Lipps G, Imanidis G. Mechanistic investigation of enzyme triggered release from a xyloglucan matrix tablet for controlled colonic drug delivery. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00194-1. [PMID: 38796155 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying drug release from a controlled colonic release (CCR) tablet formulation based on a xyloglucan polysaccharide matrix and identify the factors that control the rate of release for the purpose of fundamentally substantiating the concept and demonstrating its robustness for colonic drug delivery. Previous work demonstrated in vitro limited release of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and caffeine from these tablets in small intestinal environment and significant acceleration of release by xyloglucanase, an enzyme of the colonic microbiome. Targeted colonic drug delivery was verified in an animal study in vivo. In the present work, interaction of the xyloglucan matrix tablets with aqueous dissolution media containing xyloglucanase was found to lead to the spontaneous formation of a hydrated highly viscous gummy layer at the surface of the matrix which had a reduced drug content compared to the underlying regions and persisted with a nearly constant thickness that was inversely correlated to the enzyme concentration throughout the duration of the release process. Enzymatic hydrolysis of xyloglucan was determined to take place at the surface of the matrix leading to matrix erosion and a relation for the rate of enzymatic reaction as a function of bulk enzyme concentration and the concentration of dissolved xyloglucan in the gummy layer was derived. A mathematical model was developed encompassing aqueous medium ingress, matrix metamorphosis due to xyloglucan dissolution and matrix swelling, enzymatic hydrolysis of the polysaccharide and concomitant drug release due to matrix erosion and simultaneous drug diffusion. The model was fitted to data of reducing sugar equivalents in the medium reflecting matrix erosion and released drug amount. Enzymatic reaction parameters and reasonable values of medium ingress velocity, xyloglucan dissolution rate constant and drug diffusion coefficient were deduced that provided an adequate approximation of the data. Erosion was shown to be the overwhelmingly dominant drug release mechanism while the role of diffusion marginally increased at low enzyme concentration and high drug solubility. Changing enzyme concentration had a rather weak effect on matrix erosion and drug release rate as demonstrated by model simulations supported by experimental data, while xyloglucan dissolution was slow and had a stronger effect on the rate of the process. Therefore, reproducible colonic drug delivery not critically influenced by inter- and intraindividual variation of microbial enzyme activity may be projected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Doggwiler
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwest Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Lanz
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwest Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Georg Lipps
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwest Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Imanidis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwest Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Zhao L, Cunningham CM, Andruska AM, Schimmel K, Ali MK, Kim D, Gu S, Chang JL, Spiekerkoetter E, Nicolls MR. Rat microbial biogeography and age-dependent lactic acid bacteria in healthy lungs. Lab Anim (NY) 2024; 53:43-55. [PMID: 38297075 PMCID: PMC10834367 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-023-01322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The laboratory rat emerges as a useful tool for studying the interaction between the host and its microbiome. To advance principles relevant to the human microbiome, we systematically investigated and defined the multitissue microbial biogeography of healthy Fischer 344 rats across their lifespan. Microbial community profiling data were extracted and integrated with host transcriptomic data from the Sequencing Quality Control consortium. Unsupervised machine learning, correlation, taxonomic diversity and abundance analyses were performed to determine and characterize the rat microbial biogeography and identify four intertissue microbial heterogeneity patterns (P1-P4). We found that the 11 body habitats harbored a greater diversity of microbes than previously suspected. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) abundance progressively declined in lungs from breastfed newborn to adolescence/adult, and was below detectable levels in elderly rats. Bioinformatics analyses indicate that the abundance of LAB may be modulated by the lung-immune axis. The presence and levels of LAB in lungs were further evaluated by PCR in two validation datasets. The lung, testes, thymus, kidney, adrenal and muscle niches were found to have age-dependent alterations in microbial abundance. The 357 microbial signatures were positively correlated with host genes in cell proliferation (P1), DNA damage repair (P2) and DNA transcription (P3). Our study established a link between the metabolic properties of LAB with lung microbiota maturation and development. Breastfeeding and environmental exposure influence microbiome composition and host health and longevity. The inferred rat microbial biogeography and pattern-specific microbial signatures could be useful for microbiome therapeutic approaches to human health and life quality enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Christine M Cunningham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adam M Andruska
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katharina Schimmel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Md Khadem Ali
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dongeon Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shenbiao Gu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jason L Chang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edda Spiekerkoetter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Bourragat A, Escoula Q, Bellenger S, Zemb O, Beaumont M, Chaumonnot K, Farine JP, Jacotot E, Bonnotte A, Avoscan L, Lherminier J, Luo K, Narce M, Bellenger J. The transplantation of the gut microbiome of fat-1 mice protects against colonic mucus layer disruption and endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by high fat diet. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2356270. [PMID: 38797998 PMCID: PMC11135845 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2356270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
High-fat diets alter gut barrier integrity, leading to endotoxemia by impacting epithelial functions and inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in intestinal secretory goblet cells. Indeed, ER stress, which is an important contributor to many chronic diseases such as obesity and obesity-related disorders, leads to altered synthesis and secretion of mucins that form the protective mucus barrier. In the present study, we investigated the relative contribution of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs)-modified microbiota to alleviating alterations in intestinal mucus layer thickness and preserving gut barrier integrity. Male fat-1 transgenic mice (exhibiting endogenous omega-3 PUFAs tissue enrichment) and wild-type (WT) littermates were fed either an obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) or a control diet. Unlike WT mice, HFD-fed fat-1 mice were protected against mucus layer alterations as well as an ER stress-mediated decrease in mucin expression. Moreover, cecal microbiota transferred from fat-1 to WT mice prevented changes in the colonic mucus layer mainly through colonic ER stress downregulation. These findings highlight a novel feature of the preventive effects of omega-3 fatty acids against intestinal permeability in obesity-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Bourragat
- CTM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- CTM UMR1231, INSERM, Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Quentin Escoula
- CTM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- CTM UMR1231, INSERM, Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
- Valorex, La Messayais, Combourtillé, France
| | - Sandrine Bellenger
- CTM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- CTM UMR1231, INSERM, Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Zemb
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Martin Beaumont
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Killian Chaumonnot
- CTM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- CTM UMR1231, INSERM, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Farine
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, UMR6265 CNRS, UMR1324 INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Emmanuel Jacotot
- L’Institut Agro Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Aline Bonnotte
- Agroécologie, L’Institut Agro Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Plateforme DimaCell, Dijon, France
| | - Laure Avoscan
- Agroécologie, L’Institut Agro Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Plateforme DimaCell, Dijon, France
| | - Jeanine Lherminier
- Agroécologie, L’Institut Agro Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Plateforme DimaCell, Dijon, France
| | - Kangjia Luo
- CTM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- CTM UMR1231, INSERM, Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Michel Narce
- CTM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- CTM UMR1231, INSERM, Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jérôme Bellenger
- CTM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- CTM UMR1231, INSERM, Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
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Jung HJ, Park JH, Oh J, Lee SM, Jang IY, Hong JY, Lee YY, Choi HJ. Adverse Effect of the Duration of Antibiotic Use Prior to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors on the Overall Survival of Patients with Recurrent Gynecologic Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5745. [PMID: 38136291 PMCID: PMC10742258 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Antibiotic use preceding immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment has been associated with a decreased efficacy of ICI in solid tumors. In this study, we evaluated the effect of antibiotic use before ICI therapy on oncological outcomes. METHODS We examined patients with recurrent gynecologic malignancies at two academic institutions. The clinical data, including antibiotic use within 60 days of ICI initiation, type of antibiotics, reasons for antibiotic use, body mass index, tumor site, chemotherapy-free interval, prior history of radiotherapy, disease control rate (DCR), and overall survival (OS), were assessed. RESULTS Of 215 patients, 22.9% (n = 47) received antibiotics before ICI treatment. The most common cancer was ovarian (52.1%, n = 112), followed by cervical (24.7%, n = 53) and endometrial (16.7%, n = 36). When we divided the cohort based on antibiotic use before ICIs, there were no significant differences in the DCR and baseline characteristics between the two groups. On multivariate analyses, the variables associated with poor OS were previous use of antibiotics for a cumulative duration of >14 days (HR 2.286, 95% CI 1.210-4.318; p = 0.011); Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 2 or 3 (HR 4.677, 95% CI 2.497-8.762; p < 0.001); and chemotherapy-free interval of <6 months (HR 2.007, 95% CI 1.055-3.819; p = 0.034). CONCLUSION Prior use of antibiotics for a cumulative duration of >14 days was associated with reduced survival in recurrent gynecologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ji Jung
- Gynecologic Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.J.); (S.-M.L.); (I.-Y.J.)
| | - Jong-Ho Park
- Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jina Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sae-Mi Lee
- Gynecologic Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.J.); (S.-M.L.); (I.-Y.J.)
| | - Il-Yeo Jang
- Gynecologic Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.J.); (S.-M.L.); (I.-Y.J.)
| | - Jung-Yong Hong
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yoo-Young Lee
- Gynecologic Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.J.); (S.-M.L.); (I.-Y.J.)
| | - Hyun Jin Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong-si 14353, Republic of Korea
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Liu F, Hu L, Sheng J, Sun Y, Xia Q, Tang Y, Jiang P, Wei S, Hu J, Lin H, Xu Z, Guo W, Gu Y, Feng N. Can antibiotics for enteritis or for urinary tract infection disrupt the urinary microbiota in rats? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1169909. [PMID: 37448775 PMCID: PMC10338079 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1169909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To establish antibiotic preregimes and administration routes for studies on urinary microbiota. Methods and materials Antibiotics for enteritis (Abx-enteritis) and UTIs (Abx-UTI) were administered via gavage and/or urinary catheterisation (UC) for 1 and/or 2 weeks. The effects of these Abx on the urinary microbiota of rats were examined via 16S rRNA sequencing and urine culture, including anaerobic and aerobic culture. Additionally, the safety of the Abx was examined. Results Abx-enteritis/Abx-UTI (0.5 g/L and 1 g/L) administered via gavage did not alter the microbial community and bacterial diversity in the urine of rats (FDR > 0.05); however, Abx-UTI (1 g/L) administered via UC for 1 and 2 weeks altered the urinary microbial community (FDR < 0.05). Rats administered Abx-UTI (1 g/L) via UC for 1 week demonstrated a distinct urinary microbiota in culture. Abx-enteritis/Abx-UTI administered via gavage disrupted the microbial community and reduced bacterial diversity in the faeces of rats (FDR < 0.05), and Abx-UTI administered via UC for 2 weeks (FDR < 0.05) altered the fecal microbiota. Abx-UTI (1 g/L) administered via UC did not alter safety considerations. In addition, we noticed that UC did not induce infections and injuries to the bladder and kidney tissues. Conclusions Administration of Abx-UTI via UC for 1 week can be considered a pre-treatment option while investigating the urinary microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengping Liu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayi Sheng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifan Sun
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Urology, Wuxi 9 People’s Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifan Tang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shichao Wei
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jialin Hu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenyi Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifeng Gu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Chen Q, Ma X, Xing Z, Zhao X, Zu H, Guo Z, Li B. Antibiotic Conditioning Shapes Pseudosterile Mouse Models by Deleting Colonic Microbes Rather than Small Intestinal Microbes. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0081423. [PMID: 37074200 PMCID: PMC10269458 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00814-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple model of alternative microbiota in the developing intestinal environment has been highly desirable for the study of health and disease in the gut. The pattern of antibiotic depletion of natural gut microbes is necessary for this model. However, the effects and loci of antibiotic deletion of gut microbes remain unclear. In this study, a mixture of three proven broad-spectrum antibiotics was selected to study their effects on microbial deletions in the jejunum, ileum, and colon of mice. The 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that antibiotics significantly reduced colonic microbial diversity, with limited effects on the jejunum and ileum. At the level of microbial genera, only 93.38% of Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia and 5.89% of Enterorhabdus were present in the colon after antibiotic treatment. However, such changes were not observed in the microbial composition of the jejunum and ileum. Our results suggest that the antibiotics depleted intestinal microorganisms by acting primarily in the colon and not in the small intestine (jejunum and ileum). IMPORTANCE Many studies have applied antibiotics to delete intestinal microbes to shape pseudosterile mouse models and further used for fecal microbial transplantation. However, few studies have explored the spatial location of antibiotic action in the intestine. This study shows that the selected antibiotics effectively deleted microbiota in the colon of mice, with limited effects on microbes in the jejunum and ileum. Our study provides guidance for the application of a mouse model of antibiotic deletion of intestinal microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhishuang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- CABIO Biotech (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Zu
- Heilongjiang Ubayt Dairy Group Co., Ltd., Qiqihaer, China
| | - Zengwang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Bailiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Niu LN, Zhang GN, Xuan DD, Lin C, Lu Z, Cao PP, Chen SW, Zhang Y, Cui XJ, Hu SK. Comparative analysis of the gut microbiota of wild adult rats from nine district areas in Hainan, China. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:3469-3481. [PMID: 37389235 PMCID: PMC10303509 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i22.3469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wild rats have the potential to hold zoonotic infectious agents that can spread to humans and cause disease.
AIM To better understand the composition of gut bacterial communities in rats is essential for preventing and treating such diseases. As a tropical island located in the south of China, Hainan province has abundant rat species. Here, we examined the gut bacterial composition in wild adult rats from Hainan province.
METHODS Fresh fecal samples were collected from 162 wild adult rats, including three species (Rattus norvegicus, Leopoldamys edwardsi, and Rattus losea), from nine regions of Hainan province between 2017-2018.
RESULTS We analyzed the composition of gut microbiota using the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We identified 4903 bacterial operational taxonomic units (30 phyla, 175 families, and 498 genera), which vary between samples of different rat species in various habitats at various times of the year. In general, Firmicutes were the most abundant phyla, followed by Bacteroidetes (15.55%), Proteobacteria (6.13%), and Actinobacteria (4.02%). The genus Lactobacillus (20.08%), unidentified_Clostridiales (5.16%), Romboutsia (4.33%), unidentified_Ruminococcaceae (3.83%), Bacteroides (3.66%), Helicobacter (2.40%) and Streptococcus (2.37%) were dominant.
CONCLUSION The composition and abundance of the gut microbial communities varied between rat species and locations. This work provides fundamental information to identify microbial communities useful for disease control in Hainan province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Niu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
- The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
| | - Guan-Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
- The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
| | - Duan-Duan Xuan
- Department of Laboratory, Xinxiang First People's Hospital, Xinxiang 453000, Henan Province, China
| | - Chong Lin
- Department of Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Zi Lu
- Department of Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Pei-Pei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
- The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
| | - Shao-Wen Chen
- Department of Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
- The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
| | - Xiu-Ji Cui
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
- The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
| | - Shou-Kui Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100144, China
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9
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Su S, Chen M, Wu Y, Lin Q, Wang D, Sun J, Hai J. Fecal microbiota transplantation and short-chain fatty acids protected against cognitive dysfunction in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29 Suppl 1:98-114. [PMID: 36627762 PMCID: PMC10314111 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Clear roles and mechanisms in explaining gut microbial dysbiosis and microbial metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) alterations in chronic cerebral ischemic pathogenesis have yet to be explored. In this study, we investigated chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)-induced gut microbiota and metabolic profiles of SCFAs as well as the effects and mechanisms of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and SCFAs treatment on CCH-induced hippocampal neuronal injury. METHODS Bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo) was used to establish the CCH model. Gut microbiota and SCFAs profiles in feces and hippocampus were evaluated by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RNA sequencing analysis was performed in hippocampal tissues. The potential molecular pathways and differential genes were verified through western blot, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and ELISA. Cognitive function was assessed via the Morris water maze test. Ultrastructures of mitochondria and synapses were tested through a transmission electron microscope. RESULTS Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induced decreased fecal acetic and propionic acid and reduced hippocampal acetic acid, which were reversed after FMT and SCFAs administration by changing fecal microbial community structure and compositions. Furthermore, in the hippocampus, FMT and SCFAs replenishment exerted anti-neuroinflammatory effects through inhibiting microglial and astrocytic activation as well as switching microglial phenotype from M1 toward M2. Moreover, FMT and SCFAs treatment alleviated neuronal loss and microglia-mediated synaptic loss and maintained the normal process of synaptic vesicle fusion and release, resulting in the improvement of synaptic plasticity. In addition, FMT and SCFAs supplement prevented oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction via mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming. The above effects of FMT and SCFAs treatment led to the inhibition of CCH-induced cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight FMT and SCFAs replenishment would be the feasible gut microbiota-based strategy to mitigate chronic cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao‐Hua Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yi‐Fang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qi Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Institutes of Medical Sciences, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Da‐Peng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jian Hai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
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10
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Zhao L, Cunningham CM, Andruska AM, Schimmel K, Ali MK, Kim D, Gu S, Chang JL, Spiekerkoetter E, Nicolls MR. Rat microbial biogeography and age-dependent lactic acid bacteria in healthy lungs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.19.541527. [PMID: 37293045 PMCID: PMC10245737 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.19.541527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The laboratory rat emerges as a useful tool for studying the interaction between the host and its microbiome. To advance principles relevant to the human microbiome, we systematically investigated and defined a multi-tissue full lifespan microbial biogeography for healthy Fischer 344 rats. Microbial community profiling data was extracted and integrated with host transcriptomic data from the Sequencing Quality Control (SEQC) consortium. Unsupervised machine learning, Spearman's correlation, taxonomic diversity, and abundance analyses were performed to determine and characterize the rat microbial biogeography and the identification of four inter-tissue microbial heterogeneity patterns (P1-P4). The 11 body habitats harbor a greater diversity of microbes than previously suspected. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) abundances progressively declined in lungs from breastfeed newborn to adolescence/adult and was below detectable levels in elderly rats. LAB's presence and levels in lungs were further evaluated by PCR in the two validation datasets. The lung, testes, thymus, kidney, adrenal, and muscle niches were found to have age-dependent alterations in microbial abundance. P1 is dominated by lung samples. P2 contains the largest sample size and is enriched for environmental species. Liver and muscle samples were mostly classified into P3. Archaea species were exclusively enriched in P4. The 357 pattern-specific microbial signatures were positively correlated with host genes in cell migration and proliferation (P1), DNA damage repair and synaptic transmissions (P2), as well as DNA transcription and cell cycle in P3. Our study established a link between metabolic properties of LAB with lung microbiota maturation and development. Breastfeeding and environmental exposure influence microbiome composition and host health and longevity. The inferred rat microbial biogeography and pattern-specific microbial signatures would be useful for microbiome therapeutic approaches to human health and good quality of life.
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11
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Guo C, Che X, Briese T, Ranjan A, Allicock O, Yates RA, Cheng A, March D, Hornig M, Komaroff AL, Levine S, Bateman L, Vernon SD, Klimas NG, Montoya JG, Peterson DL, Lipkin WI, Williams BL. Deficient butyrate-producing capacity in the gut microbiome is associated with bacterial network disturbances and fatigue symptoms in ME/CFS. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:288-304.e8. [PMID: 36758522 PMCID: PMC10183837 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is characterized by unexplained debilitating fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, gastrointestinal disturbances, and orthostatic intolerance. Here, we report a multi-omic analysis of a geographically diverse cohort of 106 cases and 91 healthy controls that revealed differences in gut microbiome diversity, abundances, functional pathways, and interactions. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Eubacterium rectale, which are both recognized as abundant, health-promoting butyrate producers in the human gut, were reduced in ME/CFS. Functional metagenomics, qPCR, and metabolomics of fecal short-chain fatty acids confirmed a deficient microbial capacity for butyrate synthesis. Microbiome-based machine learning classifier models were robust to geographic variation and generalizable in a validation cohort. The abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was inversely associated with fatigue severity. These findings demonstrate the functional nature of gut dysbiosis and the underlying microbial network disturbance in ME/CFS, providing possible targets for disease classification and therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Guo
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Che
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Thomas Briese
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Amit Ranjan
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Orchid Allicock
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rachel A Yates
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aaron Cheng
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dana March
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mady Hornig
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anthony L Komaroff
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nancy G Klimas
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; Miami VA Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125, USA
| | - Jose G Montoya
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Jack S. Remington Laboratory for Specialty Diagnostics of Toxoplasmosis, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA
| | - Daniel L Peterson
- Sierra Internal Medicine at Incline Village, Incline Village, NV 89451, USA
| | - W Ian Lipkin
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Brent L Williams
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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12
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Doggwiler V, Lanz M, Paredes V, Lipps G, Imanidis G. Tablet formulation with dual control concept for efficient colonic drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2023; 631:122499. [PMID: 36529358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aim of this study was to develop a tablet formulation for targeted colonic drug release by implementing two control mechanisms: A pH-sensitive coating layer based on Eudragit® FS 30 D to prevent drug release in the upper gastrointestinal tract, combined with a matrix based on plant-derived polysaccharide xyloglucan to inhibit drug release after coating removal in the small intestine and to allow microbiome triggered drug release in the colon. In vitro dissolution tests simulated the passage through the entire gastrointestinal tract with a four-stage protocol, including microbial xyloglucanase addition in physiologically relevant concentrations as microbiome surrogate to the colonic dissolution medium. Matrix erosion was monitored in parallel to drug release by measurement of reducing sugar equivalents resulting from xyloglucan hydrolysis. Limited drug release in gastric and small intestinal test stages and predominant release in the colonic stage was achieved. The xyloglucan matrix controlled drug release after dissolution of the enteric coating through the formation of a gummy polysaccharide layer at the tablet surface. Matrix degradation was dependent on enzyme concentration in the colonic medium and significantly accelerated drug release resulting in erosion-controlled release process. Drug release at physiologically relevant enzyme concentration was completed within the bounds of colonic transit time. The dual control concept was applicable to two drug substances with different solubility, providing similar release rates in colonic environment containing xyloglucanase. Drug solubility mechanistically affected release, with diffusion of caffeine, but not of 5-ASA, contributing to the overall release rate out of the matrix tablet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Doggwiler
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Lanz
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Paredes
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Georg Lipps
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Imanidis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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13
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Aburahma A, Stewart EL, Rana S, Larsen R, Ward CS, Sprague JE. Influence of fecal microbial transplant (FMT) between male and female rats on methamphetamine-induced hyperthermia. Int J Hyperthermia 2023; 40:2159072. [PMID: 36581324 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2022.2159072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of bidirectional fecal microbial transplant (FMT) between male and female rats on methamphetamine (MA)-induced hyperthermia. METHODS FMT was performed between male and female rats prior to MA (10 mg/kg, sc) treatment. Core body temperature, plasma drug and norepinephrine (NE) levels were measured and compared between treatment groups. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of bacterial communities between male and female rats was performed. RESULTS MA treatment resulted in significantly higher core body temperatures in male groups (control and FMT-treated) compared to MA-treated female groups (control and FMT-treated). Plasma concentrations of MA and amphetamine were higher in females than males. Whereas, plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels were not different between male and female rats 90 minutes after MA treatment. At the phyla level, the microbiome of male and female control rats were dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Males had a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes and lower relative abundances of Bacteroidetes than females. The FMT procedure changed the recipient group towards their donor with males getting closer to their donors than females. In the control groups following MA treatment, Firmicutes increased and Bacteroides decreased in females and males. Conversely, in the FMT treatment groups following MA treatment, Firmicutes decreased while Bacteroidetes increased in females and males. CONCLUSIONS Although definite differences in the structure and diversity of the gut microbiome were observed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of bacterial communities between male and female rats, these differences do not seem to contribute to the sex-based differences in MA-induced hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Aburahma
- The Ohio Attorney General's Center for the Future of Forensic Science, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Emma L Stewart
- The Ohio Attorney General's Center for the Future of Forensic Science, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Srishti Rana
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Ray Larsen
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Christopher S Ward
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Jon E Sprague
- The Ohio Attorney General's Center for the Future of Forensic Science, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
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14
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Yu J, Cheon JH. Microbial Modulation in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Immune Netw 2022; 22:e44. [PMID: 36627937 PMCID: PMC9807960 DOI: 10.4110/in.2022.22.e44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis is one of prominent features in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) which are of an unknown etiology. Although the cause-and-effect relationship between IBD and gut dysbiosis remains to be elucidated, one area of research has focused on the management of IBD by modulating and correcting gut dysbiosis. The use of antibiotics, probiotics either with or without prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation from healthy donors are representative methods for modulating the intestinal microbiota ecosystem. The gut microbiota is not a simple assembly of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, but a complex organ-like community system composed of numerous kinds of microorganisms. Thus, studies on specific changes in the gut microbiota depending on which treatment option is applied are very limited. Here, we review previous studies on microbial modulation as a therapeutic option for IBD and its significance in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongwook Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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15
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Medel-Matus JS, Simpson CA, Ahdoot AI, Shin D, Sankar R, Jacobs JP, Mazarati AM. Modification of post-traumatic epilepsy by fecal microbiota transfer. Epilepsy Behav 2022; 134:108860. [PMID: 35914438 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been well established that traumatic brain injury (TBI) modifies the composition of gut microbiome. Epilepsy, which represents one of the common sequelae of TBI, has been associated with dysbiosis. Earlier study showed that the risk of post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) after lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI) in rats can be stratified based on pre-existing (i.e., pre-TBI) gut microbiome profile. In the present study, we examined whether fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) from naïve rats with different prospective histories of PTE would affect the trajectory of PTE in recipients. Fecal samples were collected from naïve adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, followed by LFPI. Seven months later, upon four weeks of vide-EEG monitoring (vEEG), the rats were categorized as those with and without PTE. Recipients were subjected to LFPI, followed by FMT from donors with and without impending PTE. Control groups included auto-FMT and no-FMT subjects. Seven month after LFPI, recipients underwent four-week vEEG to detect spontaneous seizures. After completing vEEG, rats of all groups underwent kindling of basolateral amygdala. Fecal microbiota transfer from donors with impending PTE exerted mild-to-moderate pro-epileptic effects in recipients, evident as marginal increase in multiple spontaneous seizure incidence, and facilitation of kindling. Analysis of fecal samples in selected recipients and their respective donors confirmed that FMT modified microbiota in recipients along the donors' lines, albeit without full microbiome conversion. The findings provide further evidence that gut microbiome may actively modulate the susceptibility to epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus-Servando Medel-Matus
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (DGSOM UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carra A Simpson
- Department of Medicine, DGSOM UCLA, USA; Microbiome Center, DGSOM UCLA, USA
| | - Aaron I Ahdoot
- Department of Medicine, DGSOM UCLA, USA; Microbiome Center, DGSOM UCLA, USA
| | - Don Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (DGSOM UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raman Sankar
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (DGSOM UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (DGSOM UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, DGSOM UCLA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Jacobs
- Department of Medicine, DGSOM UCLA, USA; Microbiome Center, DGSOM UCLA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrey M Mazarati
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (DGSOM UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Microbiome Center, DGSOM UCLA, USA; Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, DGSOM UCLA, USA.
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16
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Arreaza-Gil V, Escobar-Martínez I, Muguerza B, Aragonès G, Suárez M, Torres-Fuentes C, Arola-Arnal A. The effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins in cafeteria diet-induced obese Fischer 344 rats are influenced by faecal microbiota in a photoperiod dependent manner. Food Funct 2022; 13:8363-8374. [PMID: 35916585 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01206e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are of high interest due to their beneficial health effects, including anti-obesity properties. The gut microbiota may play an important role in polyphenol-mediated effects as these bacteria are significantly involved in the metabolism of polyphenols. Moreover, seasonal rhythms have been demonstrated to influence both the gut microbiota composition and polyphenol bioavailability. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of photoperiods and microbiota on polyphenol functionality in an obesogenic context. Towards this aim, cafeteria diet-fed Fischer 344 rats were housed under three different photoperiod conditions (L6: 6 h of light, L12: 12 h of light and L18: 18 h of light) for 9 weeks. During the last 4 weeks of the experiment, rats were daily administered with an oral dose of a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) (25 mg per kg body weight). Additionally, rats treated with GSPE and an antibiotic cocktail (ABX) in their drinking water were included for a better understanding of the gut microbiota role in GSPE functionality. Vehicle and non-ABX treated rats were included as controls. GSPE decreased body weight gain and fat depots only under L18 conditions. Interestingly, the gut microbiota composition was strongly altered in this photoperiod. GSPE + ABX-treated rats gained significantly less body weight compared to the rats of the rest of the treatments under L18 conditions. These results suggest that GSPE functionality is modulated by the gut microbiota in a photoperiod dependent manner. These novel findings corroborate seasonal rhythms as key factors that must be taken into account when investigating the effects of polyphenols in the treatment or prevention of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Arreaza-Gil
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Iván Escobar-Martínez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Torres-Fuentes
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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Utilizing the Gastrointestinal Microbiota to Modulate Cattle Health through the Microbiome-Gut-Organ Axes. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071391. [PMID: 35889109 PMCID: PMC9324549 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of ruminants have a mutualistic relationship with the host that influences the efficiency and health of the ruminants. The GIT microbiota interacts with the host immune system to influence not only the GIT, but other organs in the body as well. The objective of this review is to highlight the importance of the role the gastrointestinal microbiota plays in modulating the health of a host through communication with different organs in the body through the microbiome-gut-organ axes. Among other things, the GIT microbiota produces metabolites for the host and prevents the colonization of pathogens. In order to prevent dysbiosis of the GIT microbiota, gut microbial therapies can be utilized to re-introduce beneficial bacteria and regain homeostasis within the rumen environment and promote gastrointestinal health. Additionally, controlling GIT dysbiosis can aid the immune system in preventing disfunction in other organ systems in the body through the microbiome-gut-brain axis, the microbiome-gut-lung axis, the microbiome-gut-mammary axis, and the microbiome-gut-reproductive axis.
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18
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Aguanno D, Metwaly A, Coleman OI, Haller D. Modeling microbiota-associated human diseases: from minimal models to complex systems. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2022; 1:17. [PMID: 38046357 PMCID: PMC10688821 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2022.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the intestinal microbiota are associated with various human diseases of the digestive system, including obesity and its associated metabolic diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and colorectal cancer (CRC). All three diseases are characterized by modifications of the richness, composition, and metabolic functions of the human intestinal microbiota. Despite being multi-factorial diseases, studies in germ-free animal models have unarguably identified the intestinal microbiota as a causal driver of disease pathogenesis. However, for an increased mechanistic understanding of microbial signatures in human diseases, models require detailed refinement to closely mimic the human microbiota and reflect the complexity and range of dysbiosis observed in patients. The transplantation of human fecal microbiota into animal models represents a powerful tool for studying the causal and functional role of the dysbiotic human microbiome in a pathological context. While human microbiota-associated models were initially employed to study obesity, an increasing number of studies have applied this approach in the context of IBD and CRC over the past decade. In this review, we discuss different approaches that allow the functional validation of the bacterial contribution to human diseases, with emphasis on obesity and its associated metabolic diseases, IBD, and CRC. We discuss the utility of simple models, such as in vitro fermentation systems of the human microbiota and ex vivo intestinal organoids, as well as more complex whole organism models. Our focus here lies on human microbiota-associated mouse models in the context of all three diseases, as well as highlighting the advantages and limitations of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriane Aguanno
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Amira Metwaly
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Olivia I. Coleman
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
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19
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Abdul Razak S, Bauman JM, Marsh TL, Scribner KT. Changes in Lake Sturgeon Gut Microbiomes Relative to Founding Origin and in Response to Chemotherapeutant Treatments. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10051005. [PMID: 35630448 PMCID: PMC9144364 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10051005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics, drugs, and chemicals (collectively referred to as chemotherapeutants) are widely embraced in fish aquaculture as important tools to control or prevent disease outbreaks. Potential negative effects include changes in microbial community composition and diversity during early life stages, which can reverse the beneficial roles of gut microbiota for the maintenance of host physiological processes and homeostatic regulation. We characterized the gut microbial community composition and diversity of an ecologically and economically important fish species, the lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), during the early larval period in response to weekly treatments using chemotherapeutants commonly used in aquaculture (chloramine-T, hydrogen peroxide, and NaCl2 followed by hydrogen peroxide) relative to untreated controls. The effects of founding microbial community origin (wild stream vs. hatchery water) were also evaluated. Gut communities were quantified using massively parallel next generation sequencing based on the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Members of the phylum Firmicutes (principally unclassified Clostridiales and Clostridium_sensu_stricto) and Proteobacteria were the dominant taxa in all gut samples regardless of treatment. The egg incubation environment (origin) and its interaction with chemotherapeutant treatment were significantly associated with indices of microbial taxonomic diversity. We observed large variation in the beta diversity of lake sturgeon gut microbiota between larvae from eggs incubated in hatchery and wild (stream) origins based on nonmetric dimensional scaling (NMDS). Permutational ANOVA indicated the effects of chemotherapeutic treatments on gut microbial community composition were dependent on the initial source of the founding microbial community. Influences of microbiota colonization during early ontogenetic stages and the resilience of gut microbiota to topical chemotherapeutic treatments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shairah Abdul Razak
- Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - John M. Bauman
- Michigan Department of Natural Resources Fisheries Division, Escanaba Customer Service Center, Gladstone, MI 49837, USA;
| | - Terence L. Marsh
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Kim T. Scribner
- Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence:
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20
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Li W, Zhang L, Xu Q, Yang W, Zhao J, Ren Y, Yu Z, Ma L. Taxifolin Alleviates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Acting on Gut Microbiome to Produce Butyric Acid. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051069. [PMID: 35268045 PMCID: PMC8912346 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Taxifolin is a bioflavonoid which has been used to treat Inflammatory Bowel Disease. However, taxifolin on DSS-induced colitis and gut health is still unclear. Here, we studied the effect of taxifolin on DSS-induced intestinal mucositis in mice. We measured the degree of intestinal mucosal injury and inflammatory response in DSS treated mice with or without taxifolin administration and studied the changes of fecal metabolites and intestinal microflora using 16S rRNA. The mechanism was further explored by fecal microbiota transplantation. The results showed that the weight loss and diarrhea score of the mice treated with taxifolin decreased in DSS-induced mice and longer colon length was displayed after taxifolin supplementation. Meanwhile, the expression of GPR41 and GPR43 in the colon was significantly increased by taxifolin treatment. Moreover, the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in colon tissue was inhibited by taxifolin treatment. The fecal metabolism pattern changed significantly after DSS treatment, which was reversed by taxifolin treatment. Importantly, taxifolin significantly increased the levels of butyric acid and isobutyric acid in the feces of DSS-treated mice. In terms of gut flora, taxifolin reversed the changes of Akkermansia, and further decreased uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae. Fecal transplantation from taxifolin-treated mice showed a lower diarrhea score, reduced inflammatory response in the colon, and reduced intestinal mucosal damage, which may be related to the increased level of butyric acid in fecal metabolites. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that taxifolin can ameliorate DSS-induced colitis by altering gut microbiota to increase the production of SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Libao Ma
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13317192322
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21
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Metagenomic analysis of intestinal microbiota in wild rats living in urban and rural habitats. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:469-477. [PMID: 35102501 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00951-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mammals have a symbiotic relationship with various microorganisms called microbiota throughout their lives. These microorganisms are known to affect the host's physiology, health, and even mental balance. The development of the gut microbiota is regulated by a complex interaction between host and environmental factors, including diet and lifestyle. Herein, it is aimed to elucidate the differences in the gut microbiota of rats living in urban and rural habitats. The taxonomic changes in the gut microbiota of wild rats belonging to Rattus rattus species caught from urban and rural areas of Western Anatolian (Bilecik province) were examined comparatively by 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing technique. Laboratory rats were used as reference animals. The alpha diversities were found lower in the rural rats with respect to the urban rats, whereas the highest alpha diversity was calculated for laboratory rats. The lower Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratios (F/B ratio) were accounted for both rural and laboratory rats compared with urban rats. The Proteobacteria to Actinobacteria ratio (P/A ratio) was lower for rural rats, but higher for laboratory rats, compared with urban rats. The heatmap analyses of taxonomic units in the microbiota of each group demonstrated distinct patterns at the species and genus levels. The study provided metagenomic data on the gut microbiota of rats residing in urban and rural habitats, offering a different perspective on future environmental biomonitoring studies.
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22
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OUP accepted manuscript. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6515943. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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23
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Minaya DM, Weinstein NL, Czaja K. Development of a 3D-Printed High Temperature Resin Cecal Fistula Implant for Long-Term and Minimally Invasive Access to the Gut Microbiome. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124515. [PMID: 34960067 PMCID: PMC8704934 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota dysbiosis has been associated with chronic diseases ranging from gastrointestinal inflammatory and metabolic conditions to neurological changes affecting the gut-brain neural axis, mental health, and general well-being. However, current animal studies using oral gavage and gnotobiotic animals do not allow for non-invasive long-term access to gut microbiome. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of 3D-printed fistula implants through the body wall and into the cecum of rats to obtain long-term access to gut microbiome. Cecal fistulas were designed and 3D-printed using a high temperature resin (Formlabs; acrylic and methacrylic mixture). Nine male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent the fistula implantation. Food intake, body weight, and body fat were measured to determine the impact of fistula manipulation. Gut microbiome, vagal afferents in the hindbrain, and microglia activation were analyzed to determine if fistula implantation disrupted the gut-brain neural axis. We found that the procedure induced a transient decrease in microbial diversity in the gut that resolved within a few weeks. Fistula implantation had no impact on food intake, body weight, fat mass, or microglia activation. Our study shows that 3D-printed cecal fistula implantation is an effective procedure that allows long-term and minimally invasive access to gut microbiome.
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24
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Ishiya K, Aburatani S. Multivariate statistical monitoring system for microbial population dynamics. Phys Biol 2021; 19. [PMID: 34788744 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ac3ad6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Microbiomes in their natural environments vary dynamically with changing environmental conditions. The detection of these dynamic changes in microbial populations is critical for understanding the impact of environmental changes on the microbial community. Here, we propose a novel method to detect time-series changes in the microbiome, based on multivariate statistical process control. By focusing on the interspecies structures, this approach enables the robust detection of time-series changes in a microbiome composed of a large number of microbial species. Applying this approach to empirical human gut microbiome data, we accurately traced time-series changes in microbiota composition induced by a dietary intervention trial. This method was also excellent for tracking the recovery process after the intervention. Our approach can be useful for monitoring dynamic changes in complex microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ishiya
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advance Industrial Science and Technology, 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-8517, JAPAN
| | - Sachiyo Aburatani
- Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku,, Tokyo, Tokyo, 135-0064, JAPAN
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25
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Aburahma A, Pachhain S, Choudhury SR, Rana S, Phuntumart V, Larsen R, Sprague JE. Potential Contribution of the Intestinal Microbiome to Phenethylamine-Induced Hyperthermia. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2021; 95:256-271. [PMID: 33472193 DOI: 10.1159/000512098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Phenethylamines (e.g., methamphetamine) are a common source of drug toxicity. Phenethylamine-induced hyperthermia (PIH) can activate a cascade of events that may result in rhabdomyolysis, coagulopathy, and even death. Here, we review recent evidence that suggests a potential link between the gut-brain axis and PIH. Within the preoptic area of the hypothalamus, phenethylamines lead to changes in catecholamine levels, that activate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and increase the peripheral levels of norepinephrine (NE), resulting in: (1) the loss of heat dissipation through α1 adrenergic receptor (α1-AR)-mediated vasoconstriction, (2) heat generation through β-AR activation and subsequent free fatty acid (FFA) activation of uncoupling proteins (UCPs) in brown and white adipose tissue, and (3) alteration of the gut microbiome and its link to the gut-brain axis. Recent studies have shown that phenethylamine derivatives can influence the composition of the gut microbiome and thus its metabolic potential. Phenethylamines increase the relative level of Proteuswhich has been linked to enhanced NE turnover. Bidirectional fecal microbial transplants (FMT) between PIH-tolerant and PIH-naïve rats demonstrated that the transplantation of gut microbiome can confer phenotypic hyperthermic and tolerant responses to phenethylamines. These phenethylamine-mediated changes in the gut microbiome were also associated with epigenetic changes in the mediators of thermogenesis. Given the significant role that the microbiome has been shown to play in the maintenance of body temperature, we outline current studies demonstrating the effects of phenethylamines on the gut microbiome and how these microbiome changes may mechanistically contribute to alterations in body temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Aburahma
- The Ohio Attorney General's Center for the Future of Forensic Science, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Sudhan Pachhain
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Sayantan Roy Choudhury
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Srishti Rana
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Vipa Phuntumart
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Ray Larsen
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Jon E Sprague
- The Ohio Attorney General's Center for the Future of Forensic Science, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA,
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26
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Chavez IN, Brown TM, Assié A, Bryant AS, Samuel BS, Hallem EA. Skin-penetrating nematodes exhibit life-stage-specific interactions with host-associated and environmental bacteria. BMC Biol 2021; 19:221. [PMID: 34620172 PMCID: PMC8499433 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skin-penetrating nematodes of the genus Strongyloides infect over 600 million people, posing a major global health burden. Their life cycle includes both a parasitic and free-living generation. During the parasitic generation, infective third-stage larvae (iL3s) actively engage in host seeking. During the free-living generation, the nematodes develop and reproduce on host feces. At different points during their life cycle, Strongyloides species encounter a wide variety of host-associated and environmental bacteria. However, the microbiome associated with Strongyloides species, and the behavioral and physiological interactions between Strongyloides species and bacteria, remain unclear. Results We first investigated the microbiome of the human parasite Strongyloides stercoralis using 16S-based amplicon sequencing. We found that S. stercoralis free-living adults have an associated microbiome consisting of specific fecal bacteria. We then investigated the behavioral responses of S. stercoralis and the closely related rat parasite Strongyloides ratti to an ecologically diverse panel of bacteria. We found that S. stercoralis and S. ratti showed similar responses to bacteria. The responses of both nematodes to bacteria varied dramatically across life stages: free-living adults were strongly attracted to most of the bacteria tested, while iL3s were attracted specifically to a narrow range of environmental bacteria. The behavioral responses to bacteria were dynamic, consisting of distinct short- and long-term behaviors. Finally, a comparison of the growth and reproduction of S. stercoralis free-living adults on different bacteria revealed that the bacterium Proteus mirabilis inhibits S. stercoralis egg hatching, and thereby greatly decreases parasite viability. Conclusions Skin-penetrating nematodes encounter bacteria from various ecological niches throughout their life cycle. Our results demonstrate that bacteria function as key chemosensory cues for directing parasite movement in a life-stage-specific manner. Some bacterial genera may form essential associations with the nematodes, while others are detrimental and serve as a potential source of novel nematicides. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01153-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan N Chavez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Taylor M Brown
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Adrien Assié
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Astra S Bryant
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Buck S Samuel
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Elissa A Hallem
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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27
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Roberto M, Carconi C, Cerreti M, Schipilliti FM, Botticelli A, Mazzuca F, Marchetti P. The Challenge of ICIs Resistance in Solid Tumours: Could Microbiota and Its Diversity Be Our Secret Weapon? Front Immunol 2021; 12:704942. [PMID: 34489956 PMCID: PMC8417795 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.704942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota and its functional interaction with the human body were recently returned to the spotlight of the scientific community. In light of the extensive implementation of newer and increasingly precise genome sequencing technologies, bioinformatics, and culturomic, we now have an extraordinary ability to study the microorganisms that live within the human body. Most of the recent studies only focused on the interaction between the intestinal microbiota and one other factor. Considering the complexity of gut microbiota and its role in the pathogenesis of numerous cancers, our aim was to investigate how microbiota is affected by intestinal microenvironment and how microenvironment alterations may influence the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In this context, we show how diet is emerging as a fundamental determinant of microbiota’s community structure and function. Particularly, we describe the role of certain dietary factors, as well as the use of probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and antibiotics in modifying the human microbiota. The modulation of gut microbiota may be a secret weapon to potentiate the efficacy of immunotherapies. In addition, this review sheds new light on the possibility of administering fecal microbiota transplantation to modulate the gut microbiota in cancer treatment. These concepts and how these findings can be translated into the therapeutic response to cancer immunotherapies will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Roberto
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Catia Carconi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Micaela Cerreti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Matilde Schipilliti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Botticelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Mazzuca
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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28
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Velasco C, Dunn C, Sturdy C, Izda V, Martin J, Rivas A, McNaughton J, Jeffries MA. Ear wound healing in MRL/MpJ mice is associated with gut microbiome composition and is transferable to non-healer mice via microbiome transplantation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248322. [PMID: 34283837 PMCID: PMC8291702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Adult elastic cartilage has limited repair capacity. MRL/MpJ (MRL) mice, by contrast, are capable of spontaneously healing ear punctures. This study was undertaken to characterize microbiome differences between healer and non-healer mice and to evaluate whether this healing phenotype can be transferred via gut microbiome transplantation. Methods We orally transplanted C57BL/6J (B6) mice with MRL/MpJ cecal contents at weaning and as adults (n = 57) and measured ear hole closure 4 weeks after a 2.0mm punch and compared to vehicle-transplanted MRL and B6 (n = 25) and B6-transplanted MRL (n = 20) mice. Sex effects, timing of transplant relative to earpunch, and transgenerational heritability were evaluated. In a subset (n = 58), cecal microbiomes were profiled by 16S sequencing and compared to ear hole closure. Microbial metagenomes were imputed using PICRUSt. Results Transplantation of B6 mice with MRL microbiota, either in weanlings or adults, improved ear hole closure. B6-vehicle mice healed ear hole punches poorly (0.25±0.03mm, mm ear hole healing 4 weeks after a 2mm ear hole punch [2.0mm—final ear hole size], mean±SEM), whereas MRL-vehicle mice healed well (1.4±0.1mm). MRL-transplanted B6 mice healed roughly three times as well as B6-vehicle mice, and half as well as MRL-vehicle mice (0.74±0.05mm, P = 6.9E-10 vs. B6-vehicle, P = 5.2E-12 vs. MRL-vehicle). Transplantation of MRL mice with B6 cecal material did not reduce MRL healing (B6-transplanted MRL 1.3±0.1 vs. MRL-vehicle 1.4±0.1, p = 0.36). Transplantation prior to ear punch was associated with the greatest ear hole closure. Offspring of transplanted mice healed significantly better than non-transplanted control mice (offspring:0.63±0.03mm, mean±SEM vs. B6-vehicle control:0.25±0.03mm, n = 39 offspring, P = 4.6E-11). Several microbiome clades were correlated with healing, including Firmicutes (R = 0.84, P = 8.0E-7), Lactobacillales (R = 0.65, P = 1.1E-3), and Verrucomicrobia (R = -0.80, P = 9.2E-6). Females of all groups tended to heal better than males (B6-vehicle P = 0.059, MRL-transplanted B6 P = 0.096, offspring of MRL-transplanted B6 P = 0.0038, B6-transplanted MRL P = 1.6E-6, MRL-vehicle P = 0.0031). Many clades characteristic of female mouse cecal microbiota vs. males were the same as clades characteristic of MRL and MRL-transplanted B6 mice vs. B6 controls, including including increases in Clostridia and reductions in Verrucomicrobia in female mice. Conclusion In this study, we found an association between the microbiome and tissue regeneration in MRL mice and demonstrate that this trait can be transferred to non-healer mice via microbiome transplantation. We identified several microbiome clades associated with healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Velasco
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Christopher Dunn
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Cassandra Sturdy
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Vladislav Izda
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Jake Martin
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Alexander Rivas
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey McNaughton
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Matlock A. Jeffries
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Lee KA, Luong MK, Shaw H, Nathan P, Bataille V, Spector TD. The gut microbiome: what the oncologist ought to know. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1197-1209. [PMID: 34262150 PMCID: PMC8548300 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome (GM) has been implicated in a vast number of human pathologies and has become a focus of oncology research over the past 5 years. The normal gut microbiota imparts specific function in host nutrient metabolism, xenobiotic and drug metabolism, maintenance of structural integrity of the gut mucosal barrier, immunomodulation and protection against pathogens. Strong evidence is emerging to support the effects of the GM on the development of some malignancies but also on responses to cancer therapies, most notably, immune checkpoint inhibition. Tools for manipulating the GM including dietary modification, probiotics and faecal microbiota transfer (FMT) are in development. Current understandings of the many complex interrelationships between the GM, cancer, the immune system, nutrition and medication are ultimately based on a combination of short‐term clinical trials and observational studies, paired with an ever-evolving understanding of cancer biology. The next generation of personalised cancer therapies focusses on molecular and phenotypic heterogeneity, tumour evolution and immune status; it is distinctly possible that the GM will become an increasingly central focus amongst them. The aim of this review is to provide clinicians with an overview of microbiome science and our current understanding of the role the GM plays in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Lee
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK. .,Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Marsden, London, UK.
| | - M K Luong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's & St Thomas Hospital, London, UK
| | - H Shaw
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK.,Early Phase Trial Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - P Nathan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK
| | - V Bataille
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Dermatology, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK
| | - T D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
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30
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Ghanem S, Kim CJ, Dutta D, Salifu M, Lim SH. Antimicrobial therapy during cancer treatment: Beyond antibacterial effects. J Intern Med 2021; 290:40-56. [PMID: 33372309 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment options have evolved to include immunotherapy and targeted therapy, in addition to traditional chemoradiation. Chemoradiation places the patient at a higher risk of infection through a myelosuppressive effect. High clinical suspicion and early use of antimicrobials play a major role in decreasing any associated morbidity and mortality. This has led to a widespread use of antimicrobials in cancer patients. Antimicrobial use, however, does not come without its perils. Dysbiosis caused by antimicrobial use affects responses to chemotherapeutic agents and is prognostic in the development and severity of certain cancer treatment-related complications such as graft-versus-host disease and Clostridioides difficile infections. Studies have also demonstrated that an intact gut microbiota is essential in the anticancer immune response. Antimicrobial use can therefore modulate responses and outcomes with immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints. In this review, we highlight the perils associated with antimicrobial use during cancer therapy and the importance of a more judicious approach. We discuss the nature of the pathologic changes in the gut microbiota resulting from antimicrobial use. We explore the effect these changes have on responses and outcomes to different cancer treatment modalities including chemotherapy and immunotherapy, as well as potential adverse clinical consequences in the setting of stem cell transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghanem
- From the, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - C J Kim
- From the, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - D Dutta
- From the, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - M Salifu
- From the, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - S H Lim
- From the, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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31
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Chen R, Song J, Lin L, Liu J, Yang C, Wang W. Visualizing the Growth and Division of Rat Gut Bacteria by D-Amino Acid-Based in vivo Labeling and FISH Staining. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:681938. [PMID: 34124162 PMCID: PMC8193097 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.681938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rat is a widely used mammalian model for gut microbiota research. However, due to the difficulties of individual in vitro culture of many of the gut bacteria, much information about the microbial behaviors in the rat gut remains largely unknown. Here, to characterize the in situ growth and division of rat gut bacteria, we apply a chemical strategy that integrates the use of sequential tagging with D-amino acid-based metabolic probes (STAMP) with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to rat gut microbiota. Following sequential gavages of two different fluorescent D-amino acid probes to rats, the resulting dually labeled gut bacteria provides chronological information of their in situ cell wall synthesis. After taxonomical labeling with FISH probes, most of which are newly designed in this study, we successfully identify the growth patterns of 15 bacterial species, including two that have not been cultured separately in the laboratory. Furthermore, using our labeling protocol, we record Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens cells growing at different growth stages of a complete cell division cycle, which offers a new scope for understanding basic microbial activities in the gut of mammalian hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Chen
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Song
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyuan Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Balakrishnan B, Luckey D, Bodhke R, Chen J, Marietta E, Jeraldo P, Murray J, Taneja V. Prevotella histicola Protects From Arthritis by Expansion of Allobaculum and Augmenting Butyrate Production in Humanized Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:609644. [PMID: 34017324 PMCID: PMC8130672 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.609644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial therapeutics are the emergent alternatives in treating autoimmune diseases such as Rheumatoid Arthritis [RA]. P. histicola MCI 001 is one such therapeutic bacterium that has been proven to treat autoimmune diseases such as RA and multiple sclerosis [MS] in animal models. The present study characterized P. histicola MCI 001 isolated from a human duodenal biopsy, and evaluated its impact on the gut microbial and metabolic profile in a longitudinal study using the collagen-induced arthritis model in HLA-DQ8.AEo transgenic mice. P. histicola MCI 001 though closely related to the type strain of P. histicola, DSM 19854, differed in utilizing glycerol. In culture, P. histicola MCI 001 produced vitamins such as biotin and folate, and was involved in digesting complex carbohydrates and production of acetate. Colonization study showed that duodenum was the predominant niche for the gavaged MCI 001. A longitudinal follow-up of gut microbial profile in arthritic mice treated with MCI 001 suggested that dysbiosis caused due to arthritis was partially restored to the profile of naïve mice after treatment. A taxon-level analysis suggested an expansion of intestinal genus Allobaculum in MCI001 treated arthritic mice. Eubiosis achieved post treatment with P. histicola MCI 001 was also reflected in the increased production of short-chain fatty acids [SCFAs]. Present study suggests that the treatment with P. histicola MCI 001 leads to an expansion of Allobaculum by increasing the availability of simple carbohydrates and acetate. Restoration of microbial profile and metabolites like butyrate induce immune and gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Luckey
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Rahul Bodhke
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,National Center for Microbial Resource, National Center for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Eric Marietta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Patricio Jeraldo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Joseph Murray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Veena Taneja
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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33
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Zhang M, Li A, Yang Q, Li J, Wang L, Liu X, Huang Y, Liu L. Beneficial Effect of Alkaloids From Sophora alopecuroides L. on CUMS-Induced Depression Model Mice via Modulating Gut Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:665159. [PMID: 33954123 PMCID: PMC8089385 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.665159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It was recently shown that the gut microbiota of both depression patients and depression model animals is significantly altered, suggesting that gut microbes are closely related to depression. Here, we investigated the effects of Sophora alopecuroides L.-derived alkaloids on the gut microbiota of mice with depression-like behaviors. We first established a mouse model of depression via chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and detected changes in depression-like behaviors and depression-related indicators. Simultaneously, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to investigate gut microbiota changes. Sophora alopecuroides L.-derived alkaloids improved depression-like behaviors and depression-related indicators in mice. The alkaloids decreased the gut microbiota diversity of CUMS mice and depleted intestinal differentially abundant "harmful" microbiota genera. Spearman analysis showed that there is a certain correlation between the differential microbiota (Lactobacillus, Helicobacter, Oscillospira, Odoribacter, Mucispirillum, Ruminococcus), depression-like behaviors, and depression-related indicators. Combined with the predictive analysis of gut microbiota function, these results indicate that alkaloids improve depression in mice through modulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Aoqiang Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Qifang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiuxian Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxin Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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34
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Gao Y, Zhang J, Xiao X, Ren Y, Yan X, Yue J, Wang T, Wu Z, Lv Y, Wu R. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Surgery-Induced Improvement of Hepatic Steatosis in HFD-Fed Rats. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:640448. [PMID: 33869077 PMCID: PMC8050338 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.640448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery including duodenal-jejunal bypass surgery (DJB) improves insulin sensitivity and reduces obesity-associated inflammation. However, the underlying mechanism for such an improvement is still incompletely understood. Our objective was to investigate the role of the gut microbiota in DJB-associated improvement of hepatic steatosis in high fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. To study this, hepatic steatosis was induced in male adult Sprague-Dawley rats by feeding them with a 60% HFD. At 8 weeks after HFD feeding, the rats were subjected to either DJB or sham operation. HFD was resumed 1 week after the surgery for 3 more weeks. In additional groups of animals, feces were collected from HFD-DJB rats at 2 weeks after DJB. These feces were then transplanted to HFD-fed rats without DJB at 8 weeks after HFD feeding. Hepatic steatosis and fecal microbiota were analyzed at 4 weeks after surgery or fecal transplantation. Our results showed that DJB alleviated hepatic steatosis in HFD-fed rats. Fecal microbiota analysis showed that HFD-fed and standard diet-fed rats clustered differently. DJB induced substantial compositional changes in the gut microbiota. The fecal microbiota of HFD-fed rats received fecal transplant from DJB rats overlapped with that of HFD-DJB rats. Treatment of rats with HFD-induced liver lesions by fecal transplant from DJB-operated HFD-fed rats also attenuated hepatic steatosis. Thus, alterations in the gut microbiota after DJB surgery are sufficient to attenuate hepatic steatosis in HFD-fed rats. Targeting the gut microbiota could be a promising approach for preventing or treating human NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gao
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yifan Ren
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Yue
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Tieyan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Lv
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rongqian Wu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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35
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Zhang Y, Zhang S, Li B, Luo Y, Gong Y, Jin X, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Zhuo X, Wang Z, Zhao X, Han X, Gao Y, Yu H, Liang D, Zhao S, Sun D, Wang D, Xu W, Qu G, Bo W, Li D, Wu Y, Li Y. Gut microbiota dysbiosis promotes age-related atrial fibrillation by lipopolysaccharide and glucose-induced activation of NLRP3-inflammasome. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:785-797. [PMID: 33757127 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Aging is the most significant contributor to the increasing prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF). The gut microbiota dysbiosis is involved in age-related diseases. However, whether the aged-associated dysbiosis contributes to age-related AF is still unknown. Direct demonstration that the aged gut microbiota is sufficient to transmit the enhanced AF susceptibility in a young host via microbiota-intestinal barrier-atria axis has not yet been reported. This study aimed to determine whether gut microbiota dysbiosis affects age-related AF. METHODS AND RESULTS Herein, by using a fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) rat model, we demonstrated that the high AF susceptibility of aged rats could be transmitted to a young host. Specially, we found the dramatically increased levels of circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and glucose led to the up-regulated expression of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)-inflammasome, promoting the development of AF which depended on the enhanced atrial fibrosis in recipient host. Inhibition of inflammasome by a potent and selective inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome, MCC950, resulted in a lower atrial fibrosis and AF susceptibility. Then we conducted cross-sectional clinical studies to explore the effect of aging on the altering trends with glucose levels and circulating LPS among clinical individuals in two China hospitals. We found that both of serum LPS and glucose levels were progressively increased in elderly patients as compared with those young. Furthermore, the aging phenotype of circulating LPS and glucose levels, intestinal structure and atrial NLRP3-inflammasome of rats were also confirmed in clinical AF patients. Finally, aged rats colonized with youthful microbiota restored intestinal structure and atrial NLRP3-inflammasome activity, which suppressed the development of aged-related AF. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these studies described a novel causal role of aberrant gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of age-related AF, which indicates that the microbiota-intestinal barrier-atrial NLRP3 inflammasome axis may be a rational molecular target for the treatment of aged-related arrhythmia disease. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE The current study demonstrates that aged-associated microbiota dysbiosis promotes AF in part through a microbiota-gut-atria axis. Increased AF susceptibility due to enhanced atrial NLRP3-inflammasome activity by LPS and high glucose was found in an aged FMT rat model, and also confirmed within elderly clinical individuals. In a long-term FMT rat study, the AF susceptibility was ameliorated by treatment with youthful microbiota. The present findings can further increase our understanding of aged-related AF and address a promising therapeutic strategy that involves modulation of gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bolin Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingchun Luo
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongtai Gong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuexin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhuo
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zixi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinbo Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuejie Han
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunlong Gao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Desen Liang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Shiqi Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Danghui Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dingyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangjin Qu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wanlan Bo
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Cell Transplantation Key Laboratory of National Health Commission, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart Failure, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, China
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36
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Ávila-Román J, Arreaza-Gil V, Cortés-Espinar AJ, Soliz-Rueda JR, Mulero M, Muguerza B, Arola-Arnal A, Arola L, Torres-Fuentes C. Impact of gut microbiota on plasma oxylipins profile under healthy and obesogenic conditions. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:1475-1486. [PMID: 33743282 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Oxylipins (OXLs) are bioactive lipid metabolites derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) which act as signaling molecules and are involved in inflammatory processes such as those that occur in obesity. On the other hand, gut microbiota plays an essential role in regulating inflammatory responses. However, little is known about the potential impact of gut bacteria on OXLs metabolism. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of gut microbiota dysbiosis on plasma oxylipins profile in healthy and diet-induced obese animals. METHODS Eight-week-old male Wistar rats were fed with either a standard or cafeteria diet (CAF) for 5 weeks and administered an antibiotic cocktail (ABX) in the drinking water (Ampicillin: 1 g/ml, Vancomycin: 0.5 g/ml, Imipenem: 0.25 g/ml) for the last 2 weeks in order to induce gut microbiota dysbiosis. Metabolomics analysis of OXLs in plasma was performed by HPLC-MS analysis. No antibiotic treated animals were included as controls. RESULTS Plasma OXLs profile was significantly altered due to both CAF feeding and ABX administration. ABX effect was more pronounced under obesogenic conditions. Several significant correlations between different bacteria taxa and these lipid mediators were observed. Among these, the positive correlation of Proteobacteria with LTB4, a proinflammatory OXL involved in obesity-related disorders, was especially remarkable. CONCLUSIONS Gut microbiota plays a key role in regulating these lipid metabolites and, therefore, affecting oxylipins-mediated inflammatory processes. These results are the first evidence to our knowledge of gut microbiota impact on OXLs metabolism. Moreover, this can set the basis for developing new obesity markers based on OXLs and gut microbiota profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ávila-Román
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Verónica Arreaza-Gil
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Antonio J Cortés-Espinar
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Jorge R Soliz-Rueda
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Lluís Arola
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Torres-Fuentes
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
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37
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Chalifour B, Li J. A Review of the Molluscan Microbiome: Ecology, Methodology and Future. MALACOLOGIA 2021. [DOI: 10.4002/040.063.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Chalifour
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, 334 UCB, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, U.S.A
| | - Jingchun Li
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, 334 UCB, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, U.S.A
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38
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Yu Y, Zheng P, Gao L, Li H, Tao P, Wang D, Ding F, Shi Q, Chen H. Effects of Antibiotic Use on Outcomes in Cancer Patients Treated Using Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Immunother 2021; 44:76-85. [PMID: 33208635 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic (ATB) use seems to negatively affect the outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The aim of this review is to clarify whether ATB use influences the efficacy of ICI treatment in cancer patients. Databases of MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for reports published in English between January 2007 and December 2019. We included studies that compared the outcomes of ATB use and no-ATB use in cancer patients using ICIs. Two reviewers independently selected eligible studies and extracted the data. Meta-analysis was performed with pooling of unadjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), and with pooling of odds ratios (ORs) for objective response rate (ORR). Thirty-eight studies involving 8409 patients were finally included for qualitative or quantitative analyses. Cancer types included renal cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, urothelial carcinoma, melanoma, gastrointestinal cancer, and others. Meta-analyses revealed that ATB use was associated with poor OS [HR: 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.44-2.26, P<0.001], PFS (HR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.26-1.91, P<0.001) and ORR (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.42-0.95, P=0.03). Subgroup analysis found that these relationships were not influenced by cancer type or ICI regimens, but were dependent on the timing of ATB use. Narrative results of multivariable analyses further confirmed the negative effects of ATB use on OS and PFS. In cancer patients using ICIs, pre-ATB use close to the start of ICI treatment (within 60 d) was detrimental to outcomes in terms of OS, PFS, and ORR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital
- Second Clinical Medical College
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital
- Second Clinical Medical College
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital
- Second Clinical Medical College
| | - Haiyuan Li
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital
- Second Clinical Medical College
| | - Pengxian Tao
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital
- Second Clinical Medical College
| | - Dengfeng Wang
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital
- Second Clinical Medical College
| | - Fanghui Ding
- First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University
- General Surgery Department Ward 5, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qianling Shi
- First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital
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39
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Chambers LM, Michener CM, Rose PG, Reizes O, Yao M, Vargas R. Impact of antibiotic treatment on immunotherapy response in women with recurrent gynecologic cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2021; 161:211-220. [PMID: 33504455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) To identify whether antibiotics (ABX) impact immunotherapy (ICI) response rate (RR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) in women with recurrent endometrial (EC), cervical (CC) and ovarian cancer (OC). METHODS This retrospective cohort study included women with recurrent EC, CC, and OC treated with ICIs from 1/1/17-9/1/2020. ABX were defined as 30 days before (pABX) or concurrently (cABX) with ICI. The impact of ABX upon PFS and OS was assessed by univariate analysis and multivariable Cox regression. RESULTS Of 101 women, 52.5% (n = 53) had recurrent EC, 21.4% (n = 22) CC and 25.7% (n = 26) OC. 56.9% (n = 58) received ABX, with 22.8% (n = 23) pABX and 46.5% (n = 47) cABX. While no difference was observed in ICI RR for any ABX vs. none (p = 0.89) and cABX vs. none (p = 0.33), pABX (n = 23) were associated with decreased RR vs. none (n = 78) (Partial Response - 8.7% vs. 30.8%; Complete Response - 4.3% vs. 9.0%; p = 0.002). On univariate analysis, pABX were associated with worsened PFS (2.9 vs. 8.9 months; HR 2.53, 95% CI 1.48-4.31, p < 0.001) and OS (9.3 vs. 19.9 months; HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.22-4.32, p = 0.01). No PFS or OS difference was noted for cABX (PFS - 9.3 vs. 6.0 months; HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.43-1.12; p = 0.14; OS - 13.4 vs. 16.3 months; HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.51-1.54; p = 0.68). On multivariable analysis, pABX were associated with significantly decreased PFS (HR 3.10, 95% CI 1.75-5.49, p < 0.001) and OS (HR 3.03, 95% CI 1.50-6.10, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS In women with recurrent EC, OC, and CC receiving ICI, pABX, but not cABX, are associated with decreased RR, PFS, and OS. Further investigation is warranted to understand predictors of ICI response in women with gynecologic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Chambers
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Desk A81, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States of America.
| | - Chad M Michener
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Desk A81, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States of America
| | - Peter G Rose
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Desk A81, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States of America
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Science, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States of America
| | - Meng Yao
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States of America
| | - Roberto Vargas
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Desk A81, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States of America
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Jirků M, Lhotská Z, Frgelecová L, Kadlecová O, Petrželková KJ, Morien E, Jirků-Pomajbíková K. Helminth Interactions with Bacteria in the Host Gut Are Essential for Its Immunomodulatory Effect. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020226. [PMID: 33499240 PMCID: PMC7910914 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonization by the benign tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, has been associated with a reduction in intestinal inflammation and changes in bacterial microbiota. However, the role of microbiota in the tapeworm anti-inflammatory effect is not yet clear, and the aim of this study was to determine whether disruption of the microflora during worm colonization can affect the course of intestinal inflammation. We added a phase for disrupting the intestinal microbiota using antibiotics to the experimental design for which we previously demonstrated the protective effect of H. diminuta. We monitored the immunological markers, clinical parameters, bacterial microbiota, and histological changes in the colon of rats. After a combination of colonization, antibiotics, and colitis induction, we had four differently affected experimental groups. We observed a different course of the immune response in each group, but no protective effect was found. Rats treated with colonization and antibiotics showed a strong induction of the Th2 response as well as a significant change in microbial diversity. The microbial results also revealed differences in the richness and abundance of some bacterial taxa, influenced by various factors. Our data suggest that interactions between the tapeworm and bacteria may have a major impact on its protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Jirků
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (Z.L.); (O.K.); (K.J.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (K.J.-P.); Tel.: +420-38-777-5470 (M.J.); +420-38-777-5470 (K.J.P.)
| | - Zuzana Lhotská
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (Z.L.); (O.K.); (K.J.P.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Frgelecová
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Oldřiška Kadlecová
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (Z.L.); (O.K.); (K.J.P.)
| | - Klára Judita Petrželková
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (Z.L.); (O.K.); (K.J.P.)
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná, 8603 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Evan Morien
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 3156-6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Kateřina Jirků-Pomajbíková
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (Z.L.); (O.K.); (K.J.P.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (K.J.-P.); Tel.: +420-38-777-5470 (M.J.); +420-38-777-5470 (K.J.P.)
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Čoklo M, Maslov DR, Kraljević Pavelić S. Modulation of gut microbiota in healthy rats after exposure to nutritional supplements. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1-28. [PMID: 32845788 PMCID: PMC7524141 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1779002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rats are experimental animals, frequently used as model organisms in the biomedical studies, and increasingly used to study the gut microbiota. Specifically, the aim of latter studies is either the elucidation of relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and diseases or the determination of nutrients or pharmaceutical agents which can cause the modulation in the presence or abundance of gut microbiota. AIM Herein, the research studies conducted on the gut microbiota of healthy rats are presented in a summarized and concise overview. The focus is on studies aimed to reveal the shifts in microbial composition and functional changes after exposure to various types of nutritional supplements. METHODS We performed the search of PubMed database using the term "rat gut microbiome microbiota" and examined studies aimed to assess the composition of gut microbiota in physiological homeostasis as well as the effect of various nutritional supplements on the gut microbiota of healthy rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Čoklo
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for High-throughput Technologies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Dina Rešetar Maslov
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for High-throughput Technologies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Sandra Kraljević Pavelić
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for High-throughput Technologies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia,CONTACT Sandra Kraljević Pavelić University of Rijeka, trg braće Mažuranića 10, Rijeka 51000 and University of Rijeka Faculty of Health Studies, Viktora Cara Emina 5, 51000Rijeka, Croatia
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Patil R, Arvindekar A. Glycation of gut proteins initiates microbial dysbiosis and can promote establishment of diabetes in experimental animals. Microb Pathog 2020; 152:104589. [PMID: 33171259 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and obesity is associated with change in the gut microbiota, however, the reason for such transition is still unknown. The secondary complications in diabetes mainly stem from protein glycation, oxidative stress and inflammatory response. It is intended to study the correlation between gut proteins glycation and microbial dysbiosis and thereby progression to diabetes. The study was carried out through feeding high fructose to male Wistar rats and evaluating their gut microbiota. The rate of gut flora excretion via faecal matter was found to decrease on fructose feed for 7 days. Intestinal flora was drastically reduced and pathogenic succession observed. Intestinal fluorescence studies confirmed that there is heavy glycation of gut proteins. Microbes obtained from fructose fed animals could grow on glycated BSA. There was significant increase in level of TNF-α and IFN-γ providing evidence of inflammation. Though microbial dysbiosis was observed in diabetes, the cause for this remained elusive. In the present study we prove that high fructose feed and glycation of the gut proteins probably prevent adherence/survival of the gut microflora in control animals and promotes transition to a changed microflora which is capable of adhering/utilizing glycated proteins as well as high fructose. The changed microbiota, enhanced protein glycation and inflammation help in establishing insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Patil
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416 004, M.S, India
| | - Akalpita Arvindekar
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416 004, M.S, India.
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Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has rapidly grown in notoriety and popularity worldwide as a treatment for both recurrent and refractory C. difficile infection (CDI), as well as for a myriad of other indications, with varying levels of evidence to justify its use. At present, FMT use in the U.S. has not received marketing approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), but is permitted under "enforcement discretion" for CDI not responding to standard therapy. Meanwhile, the rising interest in the gut microbiome throughout mainstream media has paved the way for "do-it-yourself" (DIY) adaptations of the procedure. This access and unregulated use, often outside any clinical supervision, has quickly outpaced the medical community's research and regulatory efforts. While some studies have been able to demonstrate the success of FMT in treating conditions other than CDI-studies on ulcerative colitis have been particularly promising-little is still known about the treatmen's mechanism of action or long-term side effects. Likewise, screening of donor stool is in its early stages in terms of protocol standardization. In this paper, we explore the regulatory and ethical concerns that arise from the need to balance access to a nascent but promising innovative treatment with the need for research into its efficacy, risk profile, and long-term impact.
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Gurevich Y, Lewin-Epstein O, Hadany L. The evolution of paternal care: a role for microbes? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190599. [PMID: 32772664 PMCID: PMC7435155 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Paternal care, particularly in cases of uncertain paternity, carries significant costs. Extensive research, both theoretical and experimental, has explored the conditions in which paternal care behaviour would be favoured. Common explanations include an adjustment of care with uncertainty in paternity and limited accuracy in parentage assessment. Here, we propose a new explanation that microbes may play a role in the evolution of paternal care among their hosts. Using computational models, we demonstrate that microbes associated with increased paternal care could be favoured by natural selection. We find that microbe-induced paternal care could evolve under wider conditions than suggested by genetic models. Moreover, we show that microbe-induced paternal care is more likely to evolve when considering paternal care interactions that increase microbial transmission, such as feeding and grooming. Our results imply that factors affecting the composition of host microbiome may also alter paternal behaviour. This article is part of the theme issue 'The role of the microbiome in host evolution'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lilach Hadany
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Feng W, Liu J, Ao H, Yue S, Peng C. Targeting gut microbiota for precision medicine: Focusing on the efficacy and toxicity of drugs. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:11278-11301. [PMID: 33042283 PMCID: PMC7532689 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intra- and interindividual variation in drug responses is one major reason for the failure of drug therapy, drug toxicity, and even the death of patients. Precision medicine, or personalized medicine, is a field of medicine that customizes an individual's medical diagnosis and treatment based on his/her genes, microbiomes, environments, etc. Over the past decade, a large number of studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota can modify the efficacy and toxicity of drugs, and the extent of the modification varies greatly from person to person because of the variability of the gut microbiota. Personalized manipulation of gut microbiota is an important approach to rectify the abnormal drug response. In this review, we aim to improve drug efficacy and reduce drug toxicity by combining precision medicine and gut microbiota. After describing the interactions between gut microbiota and xenobiotics, we discuss (1) the effects of gut microbiota on drug efficacy and toxicity and the corresponding mechanisms, (2) the variability of gut microbiota, which leads to variation in drug responses, (3) the biomarkers used for the patient stratification and treatment decisions before the use of drugs, and (4) the methods used for the personalized manipulation of gut microbiota to improve drug outcomes. Overall, we hope to improve the drug response by incorporating the knowledge of gut microbiota into clinical practice.
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Modulation of the Gut Microbiota Alters the Tumour-Suppressive Efficacy of Tim-3 Pathway Blockade in a Bacterial Species- and Host Factor-Dependent Manner. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091395. [PMID: 32932843 PMCID: PMC7564046 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein-3 (Tim-3) is an immune checkpoint molecule and a target for anti-cancer therapy. In this study, we examined whether gut microbiota manipulation altered the anti-tumour efficacy of Tim-3 blockade. The gut microbiota of mice was manipulated through the administration of antibiotics and oral gavage of bacteria. Alterations in the gut microbiome were analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Gut dysbiosis triggered by antibiotics attenuated the anti-tumour efficacy of Tim-3 blockade in both C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Anti-tumour efficacy was restored following oral gavage of faecal bacteria even as antibiotic administration continued. In the case of oral gavage of Enterococcus hirae or Lactobacillus johnsonii, transferred bacterial species and host mouse strain were critical determinants of the anti-tumour efficacy of Tim-3 blockade. Bacterial gavage did not increase the alpha diversity of gut microbiota in antibiotic-treated mice but did alter the microbiome composition, which was associated with the restoration of the anti-tumour efficacy of Tim-3 blockade. Conclusively, our results indicate that gut microbiota modulation may improve the therapeutic efficacy of Tim-3 blockade during concomitant antibiotic treatment. The administered bacterial species and host factors should be considered in order to achieve therapeutically beneficial modulation of the microbiota.
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Lee KA, Shaw HM, Bataille V, Nathan P, Spector TD. Role of the gut microbiome for cancer patients receiving immunotherapy: Dietary and treatment implications. Eur J Cancer 2020; 138:149-155. [PMID: 32889369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised the therapeutic landscape for multiple malignancies and the health of the gut microbiome (GM) is strongly linked with therapeutic responses to ICI. This review explores the implications of diet and medication on the GM for patients receiving ICI. Clinical trials are underway to explore the impact of factors such as faecal microbiota transfer, probiotics, prebiotics, bacteria consortia and a number of dietary interventions on patients receiving ICI. Randomised controlled trials are lacking, and inferences are currently based on short-term clinical and observational studies. Antibiotics should be avoided before ICI initiation, and depending on prospective data, future consideration may be given to temporary delay of initiation of non-urgent ICI if patient has had broad spectrum antibiotics within 1 month of planned treatment initiation. Proton pump inhibitor use should be discontinued when not clearly indicated and potential switch to a histamine H2-receptor antagonist considered. Patients should be advised to minimise animal meat intake and maximise plants, aiming to consume ≥30 plant types weekly. A high fibre intake (>30 g/day) has been seen to be beneficial in increasing the chance of ICI response. Fermented foods may have a beneficial effect on the GM and should be introduced where possible. Ideally, all patients should be referred to a nutritionist or dietician with knowledge of GM before commencing ICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla A Lee
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK; Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Marsden, London, UK.
| | - Heather M Shaw
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK; Early Phase Trial Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Veronique Bataille
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Dermatology, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK
| | - Paul Nathan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
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Frerejacques M, Rousselle C, Gauthier L, Cottet-Emard S, Derobert L, Roynette A, Lerch TZ, Changey F. Human Skin Bacterial Community Response to Probiotic ( Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938) Introduction. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081223. [PMID: 32796763 PMCID: PMC7465198 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of a strain or consortium has often been considered as a potential solution to restore microbial ecosystems. Extensive research on the skin microbiota has led to the development of probiotic products (with live bacterial strains) that are likely to treat dysbiosis. However, the effects of such introductions on the indigenous microbiota have not yet been investigated. Here, through a daily application of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 on volunteers’ forearm skin, we studied in vivo the impact of a probiotic on the indigenous skin bacterial community diversity using Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) for 3 weeks. The results demonstrate that Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 inoculum had a transient effect on the indigenous community, as the resilience phenomenon was observed within the skin microbiota. Moreover, Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 monitoring showed that, despite a high level of detection after 2 weeks of application, thereafter the colonization rate drops drastically. The probiotic colonization rate was correlated significantly to the effect on the indigenous microbial community structure. These preliminary results suggest that the success of probiotic use and the potential health benefits resides in the interactions with the human microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Frerejacques
- EBInnov, School of Industrial Biology—EBI, 49 Avenue des Genottes, 95800 Cergy, France; (M.F.); (C.R.); (L.G.); (S.C.-E.); (L.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Camille Rousselle
- EBInnov, School of Industrial Biology—EBI, 49 Avenue des Genottes, 95800 Cergy, France; (M.F.); (C.R.); (L.G.); (S.C.-E.); (L.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Loüen Gauthier
- EBInnov, School of Industrial Biology—EBI, 49 Avenue des Genottes, 95800 Cergy, France; (M.F.); (C.R.); (L.G.); (S.C.-E.); (L.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Salomé Cottet-Emard
- EBInnov, School of Industrial Biology—EBI, 49 Avenue des Genottes, 95800 Cergy, France; (M.F.); (C.R.); (L.G.); (S.C.-E.); (L.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Léa Derobert
- EBInnov, School of Industrial Biology—EBI, 49 Avenue des Genottes, 95800 Cergy, France; (M.F.); (C.R.); (L.G.); (S.C.-E.); (L.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Anne Roynette
- EBInnov, School of Industrial Biology—EBI, 49 Avenue des Genottes, 95800 Cergy, France; (M.F.); (C.R.); (L.G.); (S.C.-E.); (L.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Thomas Z. Lerch
- IEES-Paris, UMR 7618 (Sorbonne Université, IRD, CNRS, INRA, UPEC, Université de Paris), 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil, France;
| | - Frédérique Changey
- EBInnov, School of Industrial Biology—EBI, 49 Avenue des Genottes, 95800 Cergy, France; (M.F.); (C.R.); (L.G.); (S.C.-E.); (L.D.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-01-85-76-66-90
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Antibiotic-induced alterations and repopulation dynamics of yellowtail kingfish microbiota. Anim Microbiome 2020; 2:26. [PMID: 33499964 PMCID: PMC7807502 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-020-00046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of antibiotics in aquaculture is a common infection treatment and is increasing in some sectors and jurisdictions. While antibiotic treatment can negatively shift gut bacterial communities, recovery and examination of these communities in fish of commercial importance is not well documented. Examining the impacts of antibiotics on farmed fish microbiota is fundamental for improving our understanding and management of healthy farmed fish. This work assessed yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) skin and gut bacterial communities after an oral antibiotic combination therapy in poor performing fish that displayed signs of enteritis over an 18-day period. In an attempt to promote improved bacterial re-establishment after antibiotic treatment, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was also administered via gavage or in the surrounding seawater, and its affect was evaluated over 15 days post-delivery. RESULTS Antibiotic treatment greatly perturbed the global gut bacterial communities of poor-performing fish - an effect that lasted for up to 18 days post treatment. This perturbation was marked by a significant decrease in species diversity and evenness, as well as a concomitant increase in particular taxa like an uncultured Mycoplasmataceae sp., which persisted and dominated antibiotic-treated fish for the entire 18-day period. The skin-associated bacterial communities were also perturbed by the antibiotic treatment, notably within the first 3 days; however, this was unlike the gut, as skin microbiota appeared to shift towards a more 'normal' (though disparate) state after 5 days post antibiotic treatment. FMT was only able to modulate the impacts of antibiotics in some individuals for a short time period, as the magnitude of change varied substantially between individuals. Some fish maintained certain transplanted gut taxa (i.e. present in the FMT inoculum; namely various Aliivibrio related ASVs) at Day 2 post FMT, although these were lost by Day 8 post FMT. CONCLUSION As we observed notable, prolonged perturbations induced by antibiotics on the gut bacterial assemblages, further work is required to better understand the processes/dynamics of their re-establishment following antibiotic exposure. In this regard, procedures like FMT represent a novel approach for promoting improved microbial recovery, although their efficacy and the factors that support their success requires further investigation.
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Choi SH, Oh JW, Ryu JS, Kim HM, Im SH, Kim KP, Kim MK. IRT5 Probiotics Changes Immune Modulatory Protein Expression in the Extraorbital Lacrimal Glands of an Autoimmune Dry Eye Mouse Model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:42. [PMID: 32232342 PMCID: PMC7401425 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.3.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose While the association between the gut microbiome and the immune system has been studied in autoimmune disorders, little is known about ocular disease. Previously we reported that IRT5, a mixture of five probiotic strains, could suppress autoimmune dry eye. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which IRT5 performs its immunomodulatory function in a mouse model of autoimmune dry eye. Methods NOD.B10.H2b mice were used as an autoimmune dry eye model. Either IRT5 or PBS was gavaged orally for 3 weeks, with or without 5 days of antibiotic pretreatment. The effects on clinical features, extraorbital lacrimal gland and spleen proteins, and fecal microbiota were analyzed. Results The ocular staining score was lower, and tear secretion was higher, in the IRT5-treated groups than in the PBS-treated groups. After IRT5 treatment, the downregulated lacrimal gland proteins were enriched in the biological processes of defense response and immune system process. The relative abundances of 33 operational taxonomic units were higher, and 53 were lower, in the feces of the IRT5-treated groups than in those of the PBS-treated groups. IRT5 administration without antibiotic pretreatment also showed immunomodulatory functions with increases in the Lactobacillus helveticus group and Lactobacillus hamsteri. Additional proteomic assays revealed a decrease of proteins related to antigen-presenting processes in the CD11b+ and CD11c+ cells of spleen in the IRT5-treated groups. Conclusions Changes in the gut microbiome after IRT5 treatment improved clinical manifestations in the autoimmune dry eye model via the downregulation of antigen-presenting processes in immune networks.
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