1
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Joe G, Chia C, Pingault B, Haas M, Chalupnik M, Cornell E, Kuruma K, Machielse B, Sinclair N, Meesala S, Lončar M. High Q-Factor Diamond Optomechanical Resonators with Silicon Vacancy Centers at Millikelvin Temperatures. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38815209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Phonons are envisioned as coherent intermediaries between different types of quantum systems. Engineered nanoscale devices, such as optomechanical crystals (OMCs), provide a platform to utilize phonons as quantum information carriers. Here we demonstrate OMCs in diamond designed for strong for interactions between phonons and a silicon vacancy (SiV) spin. Using optical measurements at millikelvin temperatures, we measure a line width of 13 kHz (Q-factor of ∼4.4 × 105) for a 6 GHz acoustic mode, a record for diamond in the GHz frequency range and within an order of magnitude of state-of-the-art line widths for OMCs in silicon. We investigate SiV optical and spin properties in these devices and outline a path toward a coherent spin-phonon interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Joe
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Cleaven Chia
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Benjamin Pingault
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Michael Haas
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Michelle Chalupnik
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Eliza Cornell
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Kazuhiro Kuruma
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Bartholomeus Machielse
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Neil Sinclair
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Srujan Meesala
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter and Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Marko Lončar
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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2
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Zakrzewski J, Liberka M, Wang J, Chorazy S, Ohkoshi SI. Optical Phenomena in Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5930-6050. [PMID: 38687182 PMCID: PMC11082909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Since the last century, we have witnessed the development of molecular magnetism which deals with magnetic materials based on molecular species, i.e., organic radicals and metal complexes. Among them, the broadest attention was devoted to molecule-based ferro-/ferrimagnets, spin transition materials, including those exploring electron transfer, molecular nanomagnets, such as single-molecule magnets (SMMs), molecular qubits, and stimuli-responsive magnetic materials. Their physical properties open the application horizons in sensors, data storage, spintronics, and quantum computation. It was found that various optical phenomena, such as thermochromism, photoswitching of magnetic and optical characteristics, luminescence, nonlinear optical and chiroptical effects, as well as optical responsivity to external stimuli, can be implemented into molecule-based magnetic materials. Moreover, the fruitful interactions of these optical effects with magnetism in molecule-based materials can provide new physical cross-effects and multifunctionality, enriching the applications in optical, electronic, and magnetic devices. This Review aims to show the scope of optical phenomena generated in molecule-based magnetic materials, including the recent advances in such areas as high-temperature photomagnetism, optical thermometry utilizing SMMs, optical addressability of molecular qubits, magneto-chiral dichroism, and opto-magneto-electric multifunctionality. These findings are discussed in the context of the types of optical phenomena accessible for various classes of molecule-based magnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub
J. Zakrzewski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral
School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian
University, Lojasiewicza
11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Liberka
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral
School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian
University, Lojasiewicza
11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Junhao Wang
- Department
of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tonnodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Szymon Chorazy
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Shin-ichi Ohkoshi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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3
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Thomas JC, Chen W, Xiong Y, Barker BA, Zhou J, Chen W, Rossi A, Kelly N, Yu Z, Zhou D, Kumari S, Barnard ES, Robinson JA, Terrones M, Schwartzberg A, Ogletree DF, Rotenberg E, Noack MM, Griffin S, Raja A, Strubbe DA, Rignanese GM, Weber-Bargioni A, Hautier G. A substitutional quantum defect in WS 2 discovered by high-throughput computational screening and fabricated by site-selective STM manipulation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3556. [PMID: 38670956 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Point defects in two-dimensional materials are of key interest for quantum information science. However, the parameter space of possible defects is immense, making the identification of high-performance quantum defects very challenging. Here, we perform high-throughput (HT) first-principles computational screening to search for promising quantum defects within WS2, which present localized levels in the band gap that can lead to bright optical transitions in the visible or telecom regime. Our computed database spans more than 700 charged defects formed through substitution on the tungsten or sulfur site. We found that sulfur substitutions enable the most promising quantum defects. We computationally identify the neutral cobalt substitution to sulfur (CoS 0 ) and fabricate it with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The CoS 0 electronic structure measured by STM agrees with first principles and showcases an attractive quantum defect. Our work shows how HT computational screening and nanoscale synthesis routes can be combined to design promising quantum defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Thomas
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscicence, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Yihuang Xiong
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Bradford A Barker
- Department of Physics, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Junze Zhou
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Weiru Chen
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Nolan Kelly
- Department of Physics, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Zhuohang Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16082, USA
- Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Da Zhou
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Shalini Kumari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16082, USA
- Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Edward S Barnard
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Joshua A Robinson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16082, USA
- Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16082, USA
- Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Adam Schwartzberg
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - D Frank Ogletree
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Eli Rotenberg
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Marcus M Noack
- Applied Mathematics and Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Sinéad Griffin
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Archana Raja
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David A Strubbe
- Department of Physics, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Gian-Marco Rignanese
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscicence, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Alexander Weber-Bargioni
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Geoffroy Hautier
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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4
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Boyce A, Li H, Wilson NC, Acil D, Shams-Ansari A, Chakravarthi S, Pederson C, Shen Q, Yama N, Fu KMC, Loncar M, Mikkelsen MH. Plasmonic Diamond Membranes for Ultrafast Silicon Vacancy Emission. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3575-3580. [PMID: 38478720 PMCID: PMC10979444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Silicon vacancy centers (SiVs) in diamond have emerged as a promising platform for quantum sciences due to their excellent photostability, minimal spectral diffusion, and substantial zero-phonon line emission. However, enhancing their slow nanosecond excited-state lifetime by coupling to optical cavities remains an outstanding challenge, as current demonstrations are limited to ∼10-fold. Here, we couple negatively charged SiVs to sub-diffraction-limited plasmonic cavities and achieve an instrument-limited ≤8 ps lifetime, corresponding to a 135-fold spontaneous emission rate enhancement and a 19-fold photoluminescence enhancement. Nanoparticles are printed on ultrathin diamond membranes on gold films which create arrays of plasmonic nanogap cavities with ultrasmall volumes. SiVs implanted at 5 and 10 nm depths are examined to elucidate surface effects on their lifetime and brightness. The interplay between cavity, implantation depth, and ultrathin diamond membranes provides insights into generating ultrafast, bright SiV emission for next-generation diamond devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew
M. Boyce
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Hengming Li
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Nathaniel C. Wilson
- Department
of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Deniz Acil
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Amirhassan Shams-Ansari
- John
A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Srivatsa Chakravarthi
- Department
of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Christian Pederson
- Department
of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Qixin Shen
- Department
of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Nicholas Yama
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Kai-Mei C. Fu
- Department
of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Marko Loncar
- John
A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Maiken H. Mikkelsen
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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5
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Bézard M, Babaze A, Mindarava Y, Blinder R, Davydov VA, Agafonov V, Esteban R, Tamarat P, Aizpurua J, Jelezko F, Lounis B. Giant Quantum Electrodynamic Effects on Single SiV Color Centers in Nanosized Diamonds. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6406-6412. [PMID: 38354307 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Understanding and mastering quantum electrodynamics phenomena is essential to the development of quantum nanophotonics applications. While tailoring of the local vacuum field has been widely used to tune the luminescence rate and directionality of a quantum emitter, its impact on their transition energies is barely investigated and exploited. Fluorescent defects in nanosized diamonds constitute an attractive nanophotonic platform to investigate the Lamb shift of an emitter embedded in a dielectric nanostructure with high refractive index. Using spectral and time-resolved optical spectroscopy of single SiV defects, we unveil blue shifts (up to 80 meV) of their emission lines, which are interpreted from model calculations as giant Lamb shifts. Moreover, evidence for a positive correlation between their fluorescence decay rates and emission line widths is observed, as a signature of modifications not only of the photonic local density of states but also of the phononic one, as the nanodiamond size is decreased. Correlative light-electron microscopy of single SiVs and their host nanodiamonds further supports these findings. These results make nanodiamond-SiVs promising as optically driven spin qubits and quantum light sources tunable through nanoscale tailoring of vacuum-field fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malo Bézard
- Université de Bordeaux, LP2N, 1 Rue François Mitterrand, Bordeaux 33405, France
- Institut d'Optique and CNRS, LP2N, 1 Rue François Mitterrand, Bordeaux 33405, France
| | - Antton Babaze
- Materials Physics Center CSIC-UPV/EHU and Donostia International Physics Center DIPC, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Yuliya Mindarava
- Institute for Quantum Optics and IQST, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Rémi Blinder
- Institute for Quantum Optics and IQST, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | | | | | - Ruben Esteban
- Materials Physics Center CSIC-UPV/EHU and Donostia International Physics Center DIPC, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Philippe Tamarat
- Université de Bordeaux, LP2N, 1 Rue François Mitterrand, Bordeaux 33405, France
- Institut d'Optique and CNRS, LP2N, 1 Rue François Mitterrand, Bordeaux 33405, France
| | - Javier Aizpurua
- Materials Physics Center CSIC-UPV/EHU and Donostia International Physics Center DIPC, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Electricity and Electronics, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute for Quantum Optics and IQST, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Brahim Lounis
- Université de Bordeaux, LP2N, 1 Rue François Mitterrand, Bordeaux 33405, France
- Institut d'Optique and CNRS, LP2N, 1 Rue François Mitterrand, Bordeaux 33405, France
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6
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Masuda T, Hadden JPE, Lake DP, Mitchell M, Flågan S, Barclay PE. Fiber-taper collected emission from NV centers in high-Q/V diamond microdisks. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:8172-8188. [PMID: 38439481 DOI: 10.1364/oe.507325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Fiber-coupled microdisks are a promising platform for enhancing the spontaneous emission from color centers in diamond. The measured cavity-enhanced emission from the microdisk is governed by the effective volume (V) of each cavity mode, the cavity quality factor (Q), and the coupling between the microdisk and the fiber. Here we observe room temperature photoluminescence from an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers into high Q/V microdisk modes, which when combined with coherent spectroscopy of the microdisk modes, allows us to elucidate the relative contributions of these factors. The broad emission spectrum acts as an internal light source facilitating mode identification over several cavity free spectral ranges. Analysis of the fiber taper collected microdisk emission reveals spectral filtering both by the cavity and the fiber taper, the latter of which we find preferentially couples to higher-order microdisk modes. Coherent mode spectroscopy is used to measure Q ∼ 1 × 105 - the highest reported values for diamond microcavities operating at visible wavelengths. With realistic optimization of the microdisk dimensions, we predict that Purcell factors of ∼50 are within reach.
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7
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Rieger M, Villafañe V, Todenhagen LM, Matthies S, Appel S, Brandt MS, Müller K, Finley JJ. Fast optoelectronic charge state conversion of silicon vacancies in diamond. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl4265. [PMID: 38381816 PMCID: PMC10881026 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl4265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Group IV vacancy color centers in diamond are promising spin-photon interfaces with strong potential for applications in photonic quantum technologies. Reliable methods for controlling and stabilizing their charge state are urgently needed for scaling to multiqubit devices. Here, we manipulate the charge state of silicon vacancy (SiV) ensembles by combining luminescence and photocurrent spectroscopy. We controllably convert the charge state between the optically active SiV- and dark SiV2- with megahertz rates and >90% contrast by judiciously choosing the local potential applied to in-plane surface electrodes and the laser excitation wavelength. We observe intense SiV- photoluminescence under hole capture, measure the intrinsic conversion time from the dark SiV2- to the bright SiV- to be 36.4(67) ms, and demonstrate how it can be enhanced by a factor of 105 via optical pumping. Moreover, we obtain previously unknown information on the defects that contribute to photoconductivity, indicating the presence of substitutional nitrogen and divacancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rieger
- Walter Schottky Institute, School of Natural Sciences and MCQST, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Viviana Villafañe
- Walter Schottky Institute, School of Natural Sciences and MCQST, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Walter Schottky Institute, School of Computation, Information and Technology and MCQST, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Lina M. Todenhagen
- Walter Schottky Institute, School of Natural Sciences and MCQST, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stephan Matthies
- Walter Schottky Institute, School of Computation, Information and Technology and MCQST, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stefan Appel
- Walter Schottky Institute, School of Computation, Information and Technology and MCQST, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin S. Brandt
- Walter Schottky Institute, School of Natural Sciences and MCQST, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kai Müller
- Walter Schottky Institute, School of Computation, Information and Technology and MCQST, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jonathan J. Finley
- Walter Schottky Institute, School of Natural Sciences and MCQST, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
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8
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Wang P, Kazak L, Senkalla K, Siyushev P, Abe R, Taniguchi T, Onoda S, Kato H, Makino T, Hatano M, Jelezko F, Iwasaki T. Transform-Limited Photon Emission from a Lead-Vacancy Center in Diamond above 10 K. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:073601. [PMID: 38427893 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.073601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Transform-limited photon emission from quantum emitters is essential for high-fidelity entanglement generation. In this Letter, we report the coherent optical property of a single negatively charged lead-vacancy (PbV) center in diamond. Photoluminescence excitation measurements reveal stable fluorescence with a linewidth of 39 MHz at 6 K, close to the transform limit estimated from the lifetime measurement. We observe 4 orders of magnitude different linewidths of the two zero-phonon lines, and find that the phonon-induced relaxation in the ground state contributes to this huge difference in the linewidth. Because of the suppressed phonon absorption in the PbV center, we observe nearly transform-limited photon emission up to 16 K, demonstrating its high temperature robustness compared to other color centers in diamond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, 152-8552 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lev Kazak
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Katharina Senkalla
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Petr Siyushev
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
- 3rd Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ryotaro Abe
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, 152-8552 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 305-0044 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shinobu Onoda
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, 370-1292 Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Kato
- Advanced Power Electronics Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, 305-8568 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Makino
- Advanced Power Electronics Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, 305-8568 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mutsuko Hatano
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, 152-8552 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Takayuki Iwasaki
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, 152-8552 Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Adambukulam C, Johnson BC, Morello A, Laucht A. Hyperfine Spectroscopy and Fast, All-Optical Arbitrary State Initialization and Readout of a Single, Ten-Level ^{73}Ge Vacancy Nuclear Spin Qudit in Diamond. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:060603. [PMID: 38394595 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.060603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
A high-spin nucleus coupled to a color center can act as a long-lived memory qudit in a spin-photon interface. The germanium vacancy (GeV) in diamond has attracted recent attention due to its excellent spectral properties and provides access to the ten-dimensional Hilbert space of the I=9/2 ^{73}Ge nucleus. Here, we observe the ^{73}GeV hyperfine structure, perform nuclear spin readout, and optically initialize the ^{73}Ge spin into any eigenstate on a μs timescale and with a fidelity of up to ∼84%. Our results establish ^{73}GeV as an optically addressable high-spin quantum platform for a high-efficiency spin-photon interface as well as for foundational quantum physics and metrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Adambukulam
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - B C Johnson
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - A Morello
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - A Laucht
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
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10
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Clark G, Raniwala H, Koppa M, Chen K, Leenheer A, Zimmermann M, Dong M, Li L, Wen YH, Dominguez D, Trusheim M, Gilbert G, Eichenfield M, Englund D. Nanoelectromechanical Control of Spin-Photon Interfaces in a Hybrid Quantum System on Chip. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1316-1323. [PMID: 38227973 PMCID: PMC10835722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Color centers (CCs) in nanostructured diamond are promising for optically linked quantum technologies. Scaling to useful applications motivates architectures meeting the following criteria: C1 individual optical addressing of spin qubits; C2 frequency tuning of spin-dependent optical transitions; C3 coherent spin control; C4 active photon routing; C5 scalable manufacturability; and C6 low on-chip power dissipation for cryogenic operations. Here, we introduce an architecture that simultaneously achieves C1-C6. We realize piezoelectric strain control of diamond waveguide-coupled tin vacancy centers with ultralow power dissipation necessary. The DC response of our device allows emitter transition tuning by over 20 GHz, combined with low-power AC control. We show acoustic spin resonance of integrated tin vacancy spins and estimate single-phonon coupling rates over 1 kHz in the resolved sideband regime. Combined with high-speed optical routing, our work opens a path to scalable single-qubit control with optically mediated entangling gates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Clark
- The
MITRE Corporation, 202 Burlington Road, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730, United States
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hamza Raniwala
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew Koppa
- Sandia
National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Kevin Chen
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrew Leenheer
- Sandia
National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Matthew Zimmermann
- The
MITRE Corporation, 202 Burlington Road, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730, United States
| | - Mark Dong
- The
MITRE Corporation, 202 Burlington Road, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730, United States
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Linsen Li
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Y. Henry Wen
- The
MITRE Corporation, 202 Burlington Road, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730, United States
| | - Daniel Dominguez
- Sandia
National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Matthew Trusheim
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- DEVCOM,
Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Gerald Gilbert
- The
MITRE Corporation, 200
Forrestal Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Matt Eichenfield
- College of
Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719, United States
| | - Dirk Englund
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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11
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Ren ZQ, Lu XL, Xiang ZL. Heisenberg-limited spin squeezing in a hybrid system with silicon-vacancy centers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:4013-4026. [PMID: 38297610 DOI: 10.1364/oe.499299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the spin squeezing in a hybrid quantum system consisting of a Silicon-Vacancy (SiV) center ensemble coupled to a diamond acoustic waveguide via the strain interaction. Two sets of non-overlapping driving fields, each contains two time-dependent microwave fields, are applied to this hybrid system. By modulating these fields, the one-axis twist (OAT) interaction and two-axis two-spin (TATS) interaction can be independently realized. In the latter case the squeezing parameter scales to spin number as ξ R2∼1.61N -0.64 with the consideration of dissipation, which is very close to the Heisenberg limit. Furthermore, this hybrid system allows for the study of spin squeezing generated by the simultaneous presence of OAT and TATS interactions, which reveals sensitivity to the parity of the number of spins Ntot, whether it is even or odd. Our scheme enriches the approach for generating Heisenberg-limited spin squeezing in spin-phonon hybrid systems and offers the possibility for future applications in quantum information processing.
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12
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Senkalla K, Genov G, Metsch MH, Siyushev P, Jelezko F. Germanium Vacancy in Diamond Quantum Memory Exceeding 20 ms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:026901. [PMID: 38277597 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.026901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Negatively charged group-IV defects in diamond show great potential as quantum network nodes due to their efficient spin-photon interface. However, reaching sufficiently long coherence times remains a challenge. In this work, we demonstrate coherent control of germanium vacancy center (GeV) at millikelvin temperatures and extend its coherence time by several orders of magnitude to more than 20 ms. We model the magnetic and amplitude noise as an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, reproducing the experimental results well. The utilized method paves the way to optimized coherence times of group-IV defects in various experimental conditions and their successful applications in quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Senkalla
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Genko Genov
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Mathias H Metsch
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Petr Siyushev
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- 3rd Institute of Physics, Center for Applied Quantum Technologies University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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13
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Zuber JA, Li M, Grimau Puigibert M, Happacher J, Reiser P, Shields BJ, Maletinsky P. Shallow Silicon Vacancy Centers with Lifetime-Limited Optical Linewidths in Diamond Nanostructures. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10901-10907. [PMID: 37989272 PMCID: PMC10722541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The negatively charged silicon vacancy center (SiV-) in diamond is a promising, yet underexplored candidate for single-spin quantum sensing at sub-kelvin temperatures and tesla-range magnetic fields. A key ingredient for such applications is the ability to perform all-optical, coherent addressing of the electronic spin of near-surface SiV- centers. We present a robust and scalable approach for creating individual, ∼50 nm deep SiV- with lifetime-limited optical linewidths in diamond nanopillars through an easy-to-realize and persistent optical charge-stabilization scheme. The latter is based on single, prolonged 445 nm laser illumination that enables continuous photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy without the need for any further charge stabilization or repumping. Our results constitute a key step toward the use of near-surface, optically coherent SiV- for sensing under extreme conditions, and offer a powerful approach for stabilizing the charge-environment of diamond color centers for quantum technology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh A. Zuber
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss
Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Minghao Li
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jodok Happacher
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Reiser
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Patrick Maletinsky
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss
Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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14
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Sutula M, Christen I, Bersin E, Walsh MP, Chen KC, Mallek J, Melville A, Titze M, Bielejec ES, Hamilton S, Braje D, Dixon PB, Englund DR. Large-scale optical characterization of solid-state quantum emitters. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:1338-1344. [PMID: 37604910 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01644-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state quantum emitters have emerged as a leading quantum memory for quantum networking applications. However, standard optical characterization techniques are neither efficient nor repeatable at scale. Here we introduce and demonstrate spectroscopic techniques that enable large-scale, automated characterization of colour centres. We first demonstrate the ability to track colour centres by registering them to a fabricated machine-readable global coordinate system, enabling a systematic comparison of the same colour centre sites over many experiments. We then implement resonant photoluminescence excitation in a widefield cryogenic microscope to parallelize resonant spectroscopy, achieving two orders of magnitude speed-up over confocal microscopy. Finally, we demonstrate automated chip-scale characterization of colour centres and devices at room temperature, imaging thousands of microscope fields of view. These tools will enable the accelerated identification of useful quantum emitters at chip scale, enabling advances in scaling up colour centre platforms for quantum information applications, materials science and device design and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Sutula
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Ian Christen
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric Bersin
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Michael P Walsh
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevin C Chen
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Justin Mallek
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Melville
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Scott Hamilton
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Danielle Braje
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - P Benjamin Dixon
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Dirk R Englund
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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15
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Xiong Y, Bourgois C, Sheremetyeva N, Chen W, Dahliah D, Song H, Zheng J, Griffin SM, Sipahigil A, Hautier G. High-throughput identification of spin-photon interfaces in silicon. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh8617. [PMID: 37792930 PMCID: PMC10550234 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh8617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Color centers in host semiconductors are prime candidates as spin-photon interfaces for quantum applications. Finding an optimal spin-photon interface in silicon would move quantum information technologies toward a mature semiconducting host. However, the space of possible charged defects is vast, making the identification of candidates from experiments alone extremely challenging. Here, we use high-throughput first-principles computational screening to identify spin-photon interfaces among more than 1000 charged defects in silicon. The use of a single-shot hybrid functional approach is critical in enabling the screening of many quantum defects with a reasonable accuracy. We identify three promising spin-photon interfaces as potential bright emitters in the telecom band: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. These candidates are excited through defect-bound excitons, stressing the importance of such defects in silicon for telecom band operations. Our work paves the way to further large-scale computational screening for quantum defects in semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihuang Xiong
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Céline Bourgois
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université Catholique de Louvain, Chemin des Étoiles 8, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | | | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université Catholique de Louvain, Chemin des Étoiles 8, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Diana Dahliah
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université Catholique de Louvain, Chemin des Étoiles 8, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
- Department of Physics, Ah-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Hanbin Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jiongzhi Zheng
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Sinéad M. Griffin
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Molecular Foundry Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alp Sipahigil
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Geoffroy Hautier
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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16
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Golter DA, Clark G, El Dandachi T, Krastanov S, Leenheer AJ, Wan NH, Raniwala H, Zimmermann M, Dong M, Chen KC, Li L, Eichenfield M, Gilbert G, Englund D. Selective and Scalable Control of Spin Quantum Memories in a Photonic Circuit. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7852-7858. [PMID: 37643457 PMCID: PMC10510697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
A central goal in many quantum information processing applications is a network of quantum memories that can be entangled with each other while being individually controlled and measured with high fidelity. This goal has motivated the development of programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) with integrated spin quantum memories using diamond color center spin-photon interfaces. However, this approach introduces a challenge into the microwave control of individual spins within closely packed registers. Here, we present a quantum memory-integrated photonics platform capable of (i) the integration of multiple diamond color center spins into a cryogenically compatible, high-speed programmable PIC platform, (ii) selective manipulation of individual spin qubits addressed via tunable magnetic field gradients, and (iii) simultaneous control of qubits using numerically optimized microwave pulse shaping. The combination of localized optical control, enabled by the PIC platform, together with selective spin manipulation opens the path to scalable quantum networks on intrachip and interchip platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Andrew Golter
- The
MITRE Corporation, 202 Burlington Road, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730, United States
| | - Genevieve Clark
- The
MITRE Corporation, 202 Burlington Road, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730, United States
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tareq El Dandachi
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stefan Krastanov
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrew J. Leenheer
- Sandia
National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Noel H. Wan
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hamza Raniwala
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew Zimmermann
- The
MITRE Corporation, 202 Burlington Road, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730, United States
| | - Mark Dong
- The
MITRE Corporation, 202 Burlington Road, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730, United States
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kevin C. Chen
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Linsen Li
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matt Eichenfield
- Sandia
National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- College
of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719, United States
| | - Gerald Gilbert
- The
MITRE Corporation, 200
Forrestal Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Dirk Englund
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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17
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Cao X, Yang J, Fandrich T, Zhang Y, Rugeramigabo EP, Brechtken B, Haug RJ, Zopf M, Ding F. A Solid-State Source of Single and Entangled Photons at Diamond SiV-Center Transitions Operating at 80K. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37378494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale quantum networks require the implementation of long-lived quantum memories as stationary nodes interacting with qubits of light. Epitaxially grown quantum dots hold great potential for the on-demand generation of single and entangled photons with high purity and indistinguishability. Coupling these emitters to memories with long coherence times enables the development of hybrid nanophotonic devices that incorporate the advantages of both systems. Here we report the first GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dots grown by the droplet etching and nanohole infilling method, emitting single photons with a narrow wavelength distribution (736.2 ± 1.7 nm) close to the zero-phonon line of silicon-vacancy centers. Polarization entangled photons are generated via the biexciton-exciton cascade with a fidelity of (0.73 ± 0.09). High single photon purity is maintained from 4 K (g(2)(0) = 0.07 ± 0.02) up to 80 K (g(2)(0) = 0.11 ± 0.01), therefore making this hybrid system technologically attractive for real-world quantum photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cao
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jingzhong Yang
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tom Fandrich
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yiteng Zhang
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eddy P Rugeramigabo
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brechtken
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rolf J Haug
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Laboratorium für Nano- und Quantenengineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Zopf
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fei Ding
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Laboratorium für Nano- und Quantenengineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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18
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Gong R, He G, Gao X, Ju P, Liu Z, Ye B, Henriksen EA, Li T, Zu C. Coherent dynamics of strongly interacting electronic spin defects in hexagonal boron nitride. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3299. [PMID: 37280252 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Optically active spin defects in van der Waals materials are promising platforms for modern quantum technologies. Here we investigate the coherent dynamics of strongly interacting ensembles of negatively charged boron-vacancy ([Formula: see text]) centers in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) with varying defect density. By employing advanced dynamical decoupling sequences to selectively isolate different dephasing sources, we observe more than 5-fold improvement in the measured coherence times across all hBN samples. Crucially, we identify that the many-body interaction within the [Formula: see text] ensemble plays a substantial role in the coherent dynamics, which is then used to directly estimate the concentration of [Formula: see text]. We find that at high ion implantation dosage, only a small portion of the created boron vacancy defects are in the desired negatively charged state. Finally, we investigate the spin response of [Formula: see text] to the local charged defects induced electric field signals, and estimate its ground state transverse electric field susceptibility. Our results provide new insights on the spin and charge properties of [Formula: see text], which are important for future use of defects in hBN as quantum sensors and simulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruotian Gong
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Guanghui He
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Xingyu Gao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Peng Ju
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Bingtian Ye
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Erik A Henriksen
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Tongcang Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chong Zu
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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19
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Zhang ZH, Zuber JA, Rodgers LVH, Gui X, Stevenson P, Li M, Batzer M, Grimau Puigibert ML, Shields BJ, Edmonds AM, Palmer N, Markham ML, Cava RJ, Maletinsky P, de Leon NP. Neutral Silicon Vacancy Centers in Undoped Diamond via Surface Control. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:166902. [PMID: 37154648 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.166902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Neutral silicon vacancy centers (SiV^{0}) in diamond are promising candidates for quantum applications; however, stabilizing SiV^{0} requires high-purity, boron-doped diamond, which is not a readily available material. Here, we demonstrate an alternative approach via chemical control of the diamond surface. We use low-damage chemical processing and annealing in a hydrogen environment to realize reversible and highly stable charge state tuning in undoped diamond. The resulting SiV^{0} centers display optically detected magnetic resonance and bulklike optical properties. Controlling the charge state tuning via surface termination offers a route for scalable technologies based on SiV^{0} centers, as well as charge state engineering of other defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Huai Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Josh A Zuber
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lila V H Rodgers
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Xin Gui
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Paul Stevenson
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Minghao Li
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marietta Batzer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Li Grimau Puigibert
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brendan J Shields
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Robert J Cava
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Patrick Maletinsky
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie P de Leon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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20
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Koppenhöfer M, Padgett C, Cady JV, Dharod V, Oh H, Bleszynski Jayich AC, Clerk AA. Single-Spin Readout and Quantum Sensing Using Optomechanically Induced Transparency. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:093603. [PMID: 36930901 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.093603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state spin defects are promising quantum sensors for a large variety of sensing targets. Some of these defects couple appreciably to strain in the host material. We propose to use this strain coupling for mechanically mediated dispersive single-shot spin readout by an optomechanically induced transparency measurement. Surprisingly, the estimated measurement times for negatively charged silicon-vacancy defects in diamond are an order of magnitude shorter than those for single-shot optical fluorescence readout. Our scheme can also be used for general parameter-estimation metrology and offers a higher sensitivity than conventional schemes using continuous position detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Koppenhöfer
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Carl Padgett
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Jeffrey V Cady
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Systems and Processes Engineering Corporation, Austin, Texas 78737, USA
| | - Viraj Dharod
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Hyunseok Oh
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Ania C Bleszynski Jayich
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A A Clerk
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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21
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Wood A, Lozovoi A, Zhang ZH, Sharma S, López-Morales GI, Jayakumar H, de Leon NP, Meriles CA. Room-Temperature Photochromism of Silicon Vacancy Centers in CVD Diamond. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1017-1022. [PMID: 36668997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The silicon vacancy (SiV) center in diamond is typically found in three stable charge states, SiV0, SiV-, and SiV2-, but studying the processes leading to their formation is challenging, especially at room temperature, due to their starkly different photoluminescence rates. Here, we use confocal fluorescence microscopy to activate and probe charge interconversion between all three charge states under ambient conditions. In particular, we witness the formation of SiV0 via the two-step capture of diffusing, photogenerated holes, a process we expose both through direct SiV0 fluorescence measurements at low temperatures and confocal microscopy observations in the presence of externally applied electric fields. In addition, we show that continuous red illumination induces the converse process, first transforming SiV0 into SiV- and then into SiV2-. Our results shed light on the charge dynamics of SiV and promise opportunities for nanoscale sensing and quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wood
- Department. of Physics, CUNY-City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Artur Lozovoi
- Department. of Physics, CUNY-City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Zi-Huai Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Sachin Sharma
- Department. of Physics, CUNY-City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Gabriel I López-Morales
- Department. of Physics, CUNY-City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Harishankar Jayakumar
- Department. of Physics, CUNY-City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Nathalie P de Leon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Carlos A Meriles
- Department. of Physics, CUNY-City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- CUNY-Graduate Center, New York, New York 10016, United States
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22
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Ren ZQ, Feng CR, Xiang ZL. Deterministic generation of entanglement states between Silicon-Vacancy centers via acoustic modes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:41685-41697. [PMID: 36366639 DOI: 10.1364/oe.468293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme to entangle Silicon-Vacancy (SiV) centers embedded in a diamond acoustic waveguide. These SiV centers interact with acoustic modes of the waveguide via strain-induced coupling. Through Morris-Shore transformation, the Hilbert space of this hybrid quantum system can be factorized into a closed subspace in which we can deterministically realize the symmetrical Dicke states between distant SiV centers with high fidelity. In addition, the generation of entangled Dicke states can be controlled by manipulating the strength and frequency of the driving field applied on SiV centers. This protocol provides a promising way to prepare multipartite entanglement in spin-phonon hybrid systems and could have broad applications for future quantum technologies.
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23
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Stas PJ, Huan YQ, Machielse B, Knall EN, Suleymanzade A, Pingault B, Sutula M, Ding SW, Knaut CM, Assumpcao DR, Wei YC, Bhaskar MK, Riedinger R, Sukachev DD, Park H, Lončar M, Levonian DS, Lukin MD. Robust multi-qubit quantum network node with integrated error detection. Science 2022; 378:557-560. [DOI: 10.1126/science.add9771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Long-distance quantum communication and networking require quantum memory nodes with efficient optical interfaces and long memory times. We report the realization of an integrated two-qubit network node based on silicon-vacancy centers (SiVs) in diamond nanophotonic cavities. Our qubit register consists of the SiV electron spin acting as a communication qubit and the strongly coupled silicon-29 nuclear spin acting as a memory qubit with a quantum memory time exceeding 2 seconds. By using a highly strained SiV, we realize electron-photon entangling gates at temperatures up to 1.5 kelvin and nucleus-photon entangling gates up to 4.3 kelvin. We also demonstrate efficient error detection in nuclear spin–photon gates by using the electron spin as a flag qubit, making this platform a promising candidate for scalable quantum repeaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.-J. Stas
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Y. Q. Huan
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - B. Machielse
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- AWS Center for Quantum Networking, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - E. N. Knall
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - A. Suleymanzade
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - B. Pingault
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - M. Sutula
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - S. W. Ding
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - C. M. Knaut
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - D. R. Assumpcao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Y.-C. Wei
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - M. K. Bhaskar
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- AWS Center for Quantum Networking, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - R. Riedinger
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Institut für Laserphysik und Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D. D. Sukachev
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- AWS Center for Quantum Networking, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - H. Park
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - M. Lončar
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - D. S. Levonian
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- AWS Center for Quantum Networking, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - M. D. Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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24
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Arjona Martínez J, Parker RA, Chen KC, Purser CM, Li L, Michaels CP, Stramma AM, Debroux R, Harris IB, Hayhurst Appel M, Nichols EC, Trusheim ME, Gangloff DA, Englund D, Atatüre M. Photonic Indistinguishability of the Tin-Vacancy Center in Nanostructured Diamond. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:173603. [PMID: 36332262 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.173603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tin-vacancy centers in diamond are promising spin-photon interfaces owing to their high quantum efficiency, large Debye-Waller factor, and compatibility with photonic nanostructuring. Benchmarking their single-photon indistinguishability is a key challenge for future applications. Here, we report the generation of single photons with 99.7_{-2.5}^{+0.3}% purity and 63(9)% indistinguishability from a resonantly excited tin-vacancy center in a single-mode waveguide. We obtain quantum control of the optical transition with 1.71(1)-ns-long π pulses of 77.1(8)% fidelity and show it is spectrally stable over 100 ms. A modest Purcell enhancement factor of 12 would enhance the indistinguishability to 95%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Arjona Martínez
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan A Parker
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin C Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Carola M Purser
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Linsen Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Cathryn P Michaels
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander M Stramma
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Romain Debroux
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Isaac B Harris
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Martin Hayhurst Appel
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor C Nichols
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew E Trusheim
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Dorian A Gangloff
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Englund
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Mete Atatüre
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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25
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Dix S, Gutsche J, Waller E, von Freymann G, Widera A. Fiber-tip endoscope for optical and microwave control. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:095104. [PMID: 36182466 DOI: 10.1063/5.0100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a robust, fiber-based endoscope with a silver direct-laser-written structure for radio frequency (RF) emission next to the optical fiber facet. Thereby, we are able to excite and probe a sample, such as nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, with RF and optical signals simultaneously and specifically measure the fluorescence of the sample fully through the fiber. At our targeted frequency range of around 2.9 GHz, the facet of the fiber core is in the near-field of the RF-guiding silver structure, which comes with the advantage of an optimal RF intensity decreasing rapidly with the distance. By creating a silver structure on the cladding of the optical fiber, we achieve the minimal possible distance between an optically excited and detected sample and an antenna structure without affecting the optical performance of the fiber. This allows us to realize a high RF amplitude at the sample's position when considering an endoscope solution with integrated optical and RF access. The capabilities of the endoscope are quantified by optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) measurements of an NV-doped microdiamond that we probe as a practical use case. We demonstrate a magnetic sensitivity of our device of 17.8 nT/Hz when measuring the ODMR exclusively through our fiber and compare the sensitivity to a measurement using a confocal microscope. Moreover, the application of our device is not limited to NV centers in diamonds. Similar endoscope-like devices combining optical excitation and detection with radio frequency or microwave antenna could be used as a powerful tool for measuring a variety of fluorescent particles that have so far only been investigated with bulky and large optical setups. Furthermore, our endoscope points toward precise distance measurements based on Rabi oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dix
- Department of Physics and State Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Str. 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jonas Gutsche
- Department of Physics and State Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Str. 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Erik Waller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics ITWM, Fraunhofer-Platz 1, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Georg von Freymann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics ITWM, Fraunhofer-Platz 1, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Artur Widera
- Department of Physics and State Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Str. 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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26
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Knall EN, Knaut CM, Bekenstein R, Assumpcao DR, Stroganov PL, Gong W, Huan YQ, Stas PJ, Machielse B, Chalupnik M, Levonian D, Suleymanzade A, Riedinger R, Park H, Lončar M, Bhaskar MK, Lukin MD. Efficient Source of Shaped Single Photons Based on an Integrated Diamond Nanophotonic System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:053603. [PMID: 35960557 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.053603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An efficient, scalable source of shaped single photons that can be directly integrated with optical fiber networks and quantum memories is at the heart of many protocols in quantum information science. We demonstrate a deterministic source of arbitrarily temporally shaped single-photon pulses with high efficiency [detection efficiency=14.9%] and purity [g^{(2)}(0)=0.0168] and streams of up to 11 consecutively detected single photons using a silicon-vacancy center in a highly directional fiber-integrated diamond nanophotonic cavity. Combined with previously demonstrated spin-photon entangling gates, this system enables on-demand generation of streams of correlated photons such as cluster states and could be used as a resource for robust transmission and processing of quantum information.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Knall
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - C M Knaut
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - R Bekenstein
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - D R Assumpcao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - P L Stroganov
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - W Gong
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Y Q Huan
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - P-J Stas
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - B Machielse
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- AWS Center for Quantum Computing, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Chalupnik
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D Levonian
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- AWS Center for Quantum Computing, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Suleymanzade
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - R Riedinger
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Institut für Laserphysik und Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H Park
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M Lončar
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M K Bhaskar
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- AWS Center for Quantum Computing, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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27
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Müller MM, Said RS, Jelezko F, Calarco T, Montangero S. One decade of quantum optimal control in the chopped random basis. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:076001. [PMID: 35605567 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac723c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The chopped random basis (CRAB) ansatz for quantum optimal control has been proven to be a versatile tool to enable quantum technology applications such as quantum computing, quantum simulation, quantum sensing, and quantum communication. Its capability to encompass experimental constraints-while maintaining an access to the usually trap-free control landscape-and to switch from open-loop to closed-loop optimization (including with remote access-or RedCRAB) is contributing to the development of quantum technology on many different physical platforms. In this review article we present the development, the theoretical basis and the toolbox for this optimization algorithm, as well as an overview of the broad range of different theoretical and experimental applications that exploit this powerful technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias M Müller
- Peter Grünberg Institute-Quantum Control (PGI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Germany
| | - Ressa S Said
- Institute for Quantum Optics & Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Ulm, D-89081 Germany
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute for Quantum Optics & Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Ulm, D-89081 Germany
| | - Tommaso Calarco
- Peter Grünberg Institute-Quantum Control (PGI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, D-50937 Germany
| | - Simone Montangero
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'G. Galilei', Università degli Studi di Padova & INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Italy
- Padua Quantum Technology Center, Università degli Studi di Padova, I-35131 Italy
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28
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Levonian DS, Riedinger R, Machielse B, Knall EN, Bhaskar MK, Knaut CM, Bekenstein R, Park H, Lončar M, Lukin MD. Optical Entanglement of Distinguishable Quantum Emitters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:213602. [PMID: 35687460 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.213602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state quantum emitters are promising candidates for the realization of quantum networks, owing to their long-lived spin memories, high-fidelity local operations, and optical connectivity for long-range entanglement. However, due to differences in local environment, solid-state emitters typically feature a range of distinct transition frequencies, which makes it challenging to create optically mediated entanglement between arbitrary emitter pairs. We propose and demonstrate an efficient method for entangling emitters with optical transitions separated by many linewidths. In our approach, electro-optic modulators enable a single photon to herald a parity measurement on a pair of spin qubits. We experimentally demonstrate the protocol using two silicon-vacancy centers in a diamond nanophotonic cavity, with optical transitions separated by 7.4 GHz. Working with distinguishable emitters allows for individual qubit addressing and readout, enabling parallel control and entanglement of both colocated and spatially separated emitters, a key step toward scaling up quantum information processing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Levonian
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- AWS Center for Quantum Computing, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Riedinger
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Institut für Laserphysik und Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Machielse
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- AWS Center for Quantum Computing, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E N Knall
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M K Bhaskar
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- AWS Center for Quantum Computing, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C M Knaut
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - R Bekenstein
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - H Park
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M Lončar
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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29
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Klotz M, Fehler KG, Waltrich R, Steiger ES, Häußler S, Reddy P, Kulikova LF, Davydov VA, Agafonov VN, Doherty MW, Kubanek A. Prolonged Orbital Relaxation by Locally Modified Phonon Density of States for the SiV^{-} Center in Nanodiamonds. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:153602. [PMID: 35499869 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.153602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coherent quantum systems are a key resource for emerging quantum technology. Solid-state spin systems are of particular importance for compact and scalable devices. However, interaction with the solid-state host degrades the coherence properties. The negatively charged silicon vacancy center in diamond is such an example. While spectral properties are outstanding, with optical coherence protected by the defects symmetry, the spin coherence is susceptible to rapid orbital relaxation limiting the spin dephasing time. A prolongation of the orbital relaxation time is therefore of utmost urgency and has been tackled by operating at very low temperatures or by introducing large strain. However, both methods have significant drawbacks: the former requires use of dilution refrigerators and the latter affects intrinsic symmetries. Here, a novel method is presented to prolong the orbital relaxation with a locally modified phonon density of states in the relevant frequency range, by restricting the diamond host to below 100 nm. Subsequently measured coherent population trapping shows an extended spin dephasing time compared to the phonon-limited time in a pure bulk diamond. The method works at liquid helium temperatures of few Kelvin and in the low-strain regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Klotz
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - K G Fehler
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - R Waltrich
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - E S Steiger
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - S Häußler
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - P Reddy
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - L F Kulikova
- L.F. Vereshchagin Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow 142190, Russia
| | - V A Davydov
- L.F. Vereshchagin Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow 142190, Russia
| | - V N Agafonov
- GREMAN, UMR 7347 CNRS, INSA-CVL, Tours University, 37200 Tours, France
| | - M W Doherty
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - A Kubanek
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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30
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Cujia KS, Herb K, Zopes J, Abendroth JM, Degen CL. Parallel detection and spatial mapping of large nuclear spin clusters. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1260. [PMID: 35273190 PMCID: PMC8913684 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28935-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the atomic scale offers exciting prospects for determining the structure and function of individual molecules and proteins. Quantum defects in diamond have recently emerged as a promising platform towards reaching this goal, and allowed for the detection and localization of single nuclear spins under ambient conditions. Here, we present an efficient strategy for extending imaging to large nuclear spin clusters, fulfilling an important requirement towards a single-molecule MRI technique. Our method combines the concepts of weak quantum measurements, phase encoding and simulated annealing to detect three-dimensional positions from many nuclei in parallel. Detection is spatially selective, allowing us to probe nuclei at a chosen target radius while avoiding interference from strongly-coupled proximal nuclei. We demonstrate our strategy by imaging clusters containing more than 20 carbon-13 nuclear spins within a radius of 2.4 nm from single, near-surface nitrogen-vacancy centers at room temperature. The radius extrapolates to 5-6 nm for 1H. Beside taking an important step in nanoscale MRI, our experiment also provides an efficient tool for the characterization of large nuclear spin registers in the context of quantum simulators and quantum network nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Cujia
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland. .,IT'IS Foundation, Zeughausstrasse 43, 8004, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - K Herb
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - J Zopes
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Ansys Switzerland GmbH, Technoparkstrasse 1, 8005, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - J M Abendroth
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - C L Degen
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Quantum Center, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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31
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Alfieri A, Anantharaman SB, Zhang H, Jariwala D. Nanomaterials for Quantum Information Science and Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022:e2109621. [PMID: 35139247 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantum information science and engineering (QISE)-which entails the use of quantum mechanical states for information processing, communications, and sensing-and the area of nanoscience and nanotechnology have dominated condensed matter physics and materials science research in the 21st century. Solid-state devices for QISE have, to this point, predominantly been designed with bulk materials as their constituents. This review considers how nanomaterials (i.e., materials with intrinsic quantum confinement) may offer inherent advantages over conventional materials for QISE. The materials challenges for specific types of qubits, along with how emerging nanomaterials may overcome these challenges, are identified. Challenges for and progress toward nanomaterials-based quantum devices are condidered. The overall aim of the review is to help close the gap between the nanotechnology and quantum information communities and inspire research that will lead to next-generation quantum devices for scalable and practical quantum applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Alfieri
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Surendra B Anantharaman
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Huiqin Zhang
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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32
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Room-temperature optically detected magnetic resonance of single defects in hexagonal boron nitride. Nat Commun 2022; 13:618. [PMID: 35105864 PMCID: PMC8807746 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Optically addressable solid-state spins are important platforms for quantum technologies, such as repeaters and sensors. Spins in two-dimensional materials offer an advantage, as the reduced dimensionality enables feasible on-chip integration into devices. Here, we report room-temperature optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) from single carbon-related defects in hexagonal boron nitride with up to 100 times stronger contrast than the ensemble average. We identify two distinct bunching timescales in the second-order intensity-correlation measurements for ODMR-active defects, but only one for those without an ODMR response. We also observe either positive or negative ODMR signal for each defect. Based on kinematic models, we relate this bipolarity to highly tuneable internal optical rates. Finally, we resolve an ODMR fine structure in the form of an angle-dependent doublet resonance, indicative of weak but finite zero-field splitting. Our results offer a promising route towards realising a room-temperature spin-photon quantum interface in hexagonal boron nitride.
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Guo X, Delegan N, Karsch JC, Li Z, Liu T, Shreiner R, Butcher A, Awschalom DD, Heremans FJ, High AA. Tunable and Transferable Diamond Membranes for Integrated Quantum Technologies. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:10392-10399. [PMID: 34894697 PMCID: PMC8704172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Color centers in diamond are widely explored as qubits in quantum technologies. However, challenges remain in the effective and efficient integration of these diamond-hosted qubits in device heterostructures. Here, nanoscale-thick uniform diamond membranes are synthesized via "smart-cut" and isotopically (12C) purified overgrowth. These membranes have tunable thicknesses (demonstrated 50 to 250 nm), are deterministically transferable, have bilaterally atomically flat surfaces (Rq ≤ 0.3 nm), and bulk-diamond-like crystallinity. Color centers are synthesized via both implantation and in situ overgrowth incorporation. Within 110-nm-thick membranes, individual germanium-vacancy (GeV-) centers exhibit stable photoluminescence at 5.4 K and average optical transition line widths as low as 125 MHz. The room temperature spin coherence of individual nitrogen-vacancy (NV-) centers shows Ramsey spin dephasing times (T2*) and Hahn echo times (T2) as long as 150 and 400 μs, respectively. This platform enables the straightforward integration of diamond membranes that host coherent color centers into quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghan Guo
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60615, United States
| | - Nazar Delegan
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60615, United States
- Center
for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jonathan C. Karsch
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60615, United States
| | - Zixi Li
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60615, United States
| | - Tianle Liu
- Department
of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60615, United States
| | - Robert Shreiner
- Department
of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60615, United States
| | - Amy Butcher
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60615, United States
| | - David D. Awschalom
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60615, United States
- Center
for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department
of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60615, United States
| | - F. Joseph Heremans
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60615, United States
- Center
for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Alexander A. High
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60615, United States
- Center
for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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34
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Babin HG, Ritzmann J, Bart N, Schmidt M, Kruck T, Zhai L, Löbl MC, Nguyen GN, Spinnler C, Ranasinghe L, Warburton RJ, Heyn C, Wieck AD, Ludwig A. Charge Tunable GaAs Quantum Dots in a Photonic n-i-p Diode. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2703. [PMID: 34685139 PMCID: PMC8537184 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this submission, we discuss the growth of charge-controllable GaAs quantum dots embedded in an n-i-p diode structure, from the perspective of a molecular beam epitaxy grower. The QDs show no blinking and narrow linewidths. We show that the parameters used led to a bimodal growth mode of QDs resulting from low arsenic surface coverage. We identify one of the modes as that showing good properties found in previous work. As the morphology of the fabricated QDs does not hint at outstanding properties, we attribute the good performance of this sample to the low impurity levels in the matrix material and the ability of n- and p-doped contact regions to stabilize the charge state. We present the challenges met in characterizing the sample with ensemble photoluminescence spectroscopy caused by the photonic structure used. We show two straightforward methods to overcome this hurdle and gain insight into QD emission properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Georg Babin
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, DE-44801 Bochum, Germany; (J.R.); (N.B.); (M.S.); (T.K.); (A.D.W.); (A.L.)
| | - Julian Ritzmann
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, DE-44801 Bochum, Germany; (J.R.); (N.B.); (M.S.); (T.K.); (A.D.W.); (A.L.)
| | - Nikolai Bart
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, DE-44801 Bochum, Germany; (J.R.); (N.B.); (M.S.); (T.K.); (A.D.W.); (A.L.)
| | - Marcel Schmidt
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, DE-44801 Bochum, Germany; (J.R.); (N.B.); (M.S.); (T.K.); (A.D.W.); (A.L.)
| | - Timo Kruck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, DE-44801 Bochum, Germany; (J.R.); (N.B.); (M.S.); (T.K.); (A.D.W.); (A.L.)
| | - Liang Zhai
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; (L.Z.); (M.C.L.); (G.N.N.); (C.S.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Matthias C. Löbl
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; (L.Z.); (M.C.L.); (G.N.N.); (C.S.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Giang N. Nguyen
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; (L.Z.); (M.C.L.); (G.N.N.); (C.S.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Clemens Spinnler
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; (L.Z.); (M.C.L.); (G.N.N.); (C.S.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Leonardo Ranasinghe
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), University of Hamburg, DE-22761 Hamburg, Germany; (L.R.); (C.H.)
| | - Richard J. Warburton
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; (L.Z.); (M.C.L.); (G.N.N.); (C.S.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Christian Heyn
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), University of Hamburg, DE-22761 Hamburg, Germany; (L.R.); (C.H.)
| | - Andreas D. Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, DE-44801 Bochum, Germany; (J.R.); (N.B.); (M.S.); (T.K.); (A.D.W.); (A.L.)
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, DE-44801 Bochum, Germany; (J.R.); (N.B.); (M.S.); (T.K.); (A.D.W.); (A.L.)
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35
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Fujiwara M, Shikano Y. Diamond quantum thermometry: from foundations to applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:482002. [PMID: 34416739 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1fb1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diamond quantum thermometry exploits the optical and electrical spin properties of colour defect centres in diamonds and, acts as a quantum sensing method exhibiting ultrahigh precision and robustness. Compared to the existing luminescent nanothermometry techniques, a diamond quantum thermometer can be operated over a wide temperature range and a sensor spatial scale ranging from nanometres to micrometres. Further, diamond quantum thermometry is employed in several applications, including electronics and biology, to explore these fields with nanoscale temperature measurements. This review covers the operational principles of diamond quantum thermometry for spin-based and all-optical methods, material development of diamonds with a focus on thermometry, and examples of applications in electrical and biological systems with demand-based technological requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masazumi Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shikano
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 4-2 Aramaki, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
- Quantum Computing Center, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Studies, Chapman University, 1 University Dr, Orange, CA 92866, United States of America
- JST PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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36
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Entanglement of dark electron-nuclear spin defects in diamond. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3470. [PMID: 34108455 PMCID: PMC8190113 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A promising approach for multi-qubit quantum registers is to use optically addressable spins to control multiple dark electron-spin defects in the environment. While recent experiments have observed signatures of coherent interactions with such dark spins, it is an open challenge to realize the individual control required for quantum information processing. Here, we demonstrate the heralded initialisation, control and entanglement of individual dark spins associated to multiple P1 centers, which are part of a spin bath surrounding a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. We realize projective measurements to prepare the multiple degrees of freedom of P1 centers-their Jahn-Teller axis, nuclear spin and charge state-and exploit these to selectively access multiple P1s in the bath. We develop control and single-shot readout of the nuclear and electron spin, and use this to demonstrate an entangled state of two P1 centers. These results provide a proof-of-principle towards using dark electron-nuclear spin defects as qubits for quantum sensing, computation and networks.
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37
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Smallwood CL, Ulbricht R, Day MW, Schröder T, Bates KM, Autry TM, Diederich G, Bielejec E, Siemens ME, Cundiff ST. Hidden Silicon-Vacancy Centers in Diamond. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:213601. [PMID: 34114873 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.213601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We characterize a high-density sample of negatively charged silicon-vacancy (SiV^{-}) centers in diamond using collinear optical multidimensional coherent spectroscopy. By comparing the results of complementary signal detection schemes, we identify a hidden population of SiV^{-} centers that is not typically observed in photoluminescence and which exhibits significant spectral inhomogeneity and extended electronic T_{2} times. The phenomenon is likely caused by strain, indicating a potential mechanism for controlling electric coherence in color-center-based quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Smallwood
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San José State University, San Jose, California 95192, USA
| | - Ronald Ulbricht
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthew W Day
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Tim Schröder
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kelsey M Bates
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Travis M Autry
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Geoffrey Diederich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, USA
| | - Edward Bielejec
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Mark E Siemens
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, USA
| | - Steven T Cundiff
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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38
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Dong XL, Li PB, Liu T, Nori F. Unconventional Quantum Sound-Matter Interactions in Spin-Optomechanical-Crystal Hybrid Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:203601. [PMID: 34110200 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.203601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We predict a set of unusual quantum acoustic phenomena resulting from sound-matter interactions in a fully tunable solid-state platform in which an array of solid-state spins in diamond are coupled to quantized acoustic waves in a one-dimensional optomechanical crystal. We find that, by using a spatially varying laser drive that introduces a position-dependent phase in the optomechanical interaction, the mechanical band structure can be tuned in situ, consequently leading to unconventional quantum sound-matter interactions. We show that quasichiral sound-matter interactions can occur, with tunable ranges from bidirectional to quasiunidirectional, when the spins are resonant with the bands. When the solid-state spin frequency lies within the acoustic band gap, we demonstrate the emergence of an exotic polariton bound state that can mediate long-range tunable, odd-neighbor, and complex spin-spin interactions. This work expands the present exploration of quantum phononics and can have wide applications in quantum simulations and quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Liang Dong
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Peng-Bo Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tao Liu
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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39
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Alberton O, Buchhold M, Diehl S. Entanglement Transition in a Monitored Free-Fermion Chain: From Extended Criticality to Area Law. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:170602. [PMID: 33988451 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.170602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the quantum trajectory dynamics of free fermions subject to continuous monitoring. For weak monitoring, we identify a novel dynamical regime of subextensive entanglement growth, reminiscent of a critical phase with an emergent conformal invariance. For strong monitoring, however, the dynamics favors a transition into a quantum Zeno-like area-law regime. Close to the critical point, we observe logarithmic finite size corrections, indicating a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless mechanism underlying the transition. This uncovers an unconventional entanglement transition in an elementary, physically realistic model for weak continuous measurements. In addition, we demonstrate that the measurement aspect in the dynamics is crucial for whether or not a phase transition takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Alberton
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - M Buchhold
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - S Diehl
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
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40
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Palyanov YN, Borzdov YM, Kupriyanov IN, Khohkhryakov AF, Nechaev DV. Rare-earth metal catalysts for high-pressure synthesis of rare diamonds. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8421. [PMID: 33875767 PMCID: PMC8055970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88038-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of the unique properties of diamond and the prospects for its high-technology applications urges the search for new solvents–catalysts for the synthesis of diamonds with rare and unusual properties. Here we report the synthesis of diamond from melts of 15 rare-earth metals (REM) at 7.8 GPa and 1800–2100 °C. The boundary conditions for diamond crystallization and the optimal parameters for single crystal diamond synthesis are determined. Depending on the REM catalyst, diamond crystallizes in the form of cube–octahedrons, octahedrons and specific crystals bound by tetragon–trioctahedron and trigon–trioctahedron faces. The synthesized diamonds are nitrogen-free and belong to the rare type II, indicating that the rare-earth metals act as both solvent–catalysts and nitrogen getters. It is found that the REM catalysts enable synthesis of diamond doped with group IV elements with formation of impurity–vacancy color centers, promising for the emerging quantum technologies. Our study demonstrates a new field of application of rare-earth metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri N Palyanov
- V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academican Koptyug Ave., 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation. .,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str., 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation.
| | - Yuri M Borzdov
- V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academican Koptyug Ave., 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Igor N Kupriyanov
- V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academican Koptyug Ave., 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander F Khohkhryakov
- V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academican Koptyug Ave., 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str., 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Denis V Nechaev
- V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academican Koptyug Ave., 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
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41
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Yan PS, Zhou L, Zhong W, Sheng YB. Feasible measurement-based entanglement purification in linear optics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:9363-9384. [PMID: 33820366 DOI: 10.1364/oe.420348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Entanglement purification is used to distill high quality entangled states from several noisy low quality entangled states, and it plays a key role in quantum repeater. The measurement-based entanglement purification protocol (MB-EPP) does not require local two-qubit gates or single-particle measurements on the noisy pairs and may offer significant advantages compared with the gate-based EPPs. We present an alternative MB-EPP in linear optics. Subsequently, we provide a detailed analysis on the realization of this MB-EPP using spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) sources. By delicately designing the optical circuits, the double-pair emission noise caused by SPDC sources can be eliminated automatically. Combined with suitable quantum memory and entanglement swapping, this MB-EPP may have application potential in the implementation of a practical measurement-based quantum repeater.
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42
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Huang D, Abulnaga A, Welinski S, Raha M, Thompson JD, de Leon NP. Hybrid III-V diamond photonic platform for quantum nodes based on neutral silicon vacancy centers in diamond. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:9174-9189. [PMID: 33820350 DOI: 10.1364/oe.418081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Integrating atomic quantum memories based on color centers in diamond with on-chip photonic devices would enable entanglement distribution over long distances. However, efforts towards integration have been challenging because color centers can be highly sensitive to their environment, and their properties degrade in nanofabricated structures. Here, we describe a heterogeneously integrated, on-chip, III-V diamond platform designed for neutral silicon vacancy (SiV0) centers in diamond that circumvents the need for etching the diamond substrate. Through evanescent coupling to SiV0 centers near the surface of diamond, the platform will enable Purcell enhancement of SiV0 emission and efficient frequency conversion to the telecommunication C-band. The proposed structures can be realized with readily available fabrication techniques.
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43
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Kagan CR, Bassett LC, Murray CB, Thompson SM. Colloidal Quantum Dots as Platforms for Quantum Information Science. Chem Rev 2020; 121:3186-3233. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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44
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Head-Marsden K, Flick J, Ciccarino CJ, Narang P. Quantum Information and Algorithms for Correlated Quantum Matter. Chem Rev 2020; 121:3061-3120. [PMID: 33326218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Discoveries in quantum materials, which are characterized by the strongly quantum-mechanical nature of electrons and atoms, have revealed exotic properties that arise from correlations. It is the promise of quantum materials for quantum information science superimposed with the potential of new computational quantum algorithms to discover new quantum materials that inspires this Review. We anticipate that quantum materials to be discovered and developed in the next years will transform the areas of quantum information processing including communication, storage, and computing. Simultaneously, efforts toward developing new quantum algorithmic approaches for quantum simulation and advanced calculation methods for many-body quantum systems enable major advances toward functional quantum materials and their deployment. The advent of quantum computing brings new possibilities for eliminating the exponential complexity that has stymied simulation of correlated quantum systems on high-performance classical computers. Here, we review new algorithms and computational approaches to predict and understand the behavior of correlated quantum matter. The strongly interdisciplinary nature of the topics covered necessitates a common language to integrate ideas from these fields. We aim to provide this common language while weaving together fields across electronic structure theory, quantum electrodynamics, algorithm design, and open quantum systems. Our Review is timely in presenting the state-of-the-art in the field toward algorithms with nonexponential complexity for correlated quantum matter with applications in grand-challenge problems. Looking to the future, at the intersection of quantum information science and algorithms for correlated quantum matter, we envision seminal advances in predicting many-body quantum states and describing excitonic quantum matter and large-scale entangled states, a better understanding of high-temperature superconductivity, and quantifying open quantum system dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kade Head-Marsden
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Johannes Flick
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Christopher J Ciccarino
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Prineha Narang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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45
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Zhan Y, Sun S. Deterministic Generation of Loss-Tolerant Photonic Cluster States with a Single Quantum Emitter. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:223601. [PMID: 33315435 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.223601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A photonic cluster state with a tree-type entanglement structure constitutes an efficient resource for quantum error correction of photon loss. But the generation of a tree cluster state with an arbitrary size is notoriously difficult. Here, we propose a protocol to deterministically generate photonic tree states of arbitrary size by using only a single quantum emitter. Photonic entanglement is established through both emission and rescattering from the same emitter, enabling fast and resource-efficient entanglement generation. The same protocol can also be extended to generate more general tree-type entangled states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhan
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Shuo Sun
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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46
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Fataftah MS, Bayliss SL, Laorenza DW, Wang X, Phelan BT, Wilson CB, Mintun PJ, Kovos BD, Wasielewski MR, Han S, Sherwin MS, Awschalom DD, Freedman DE. Trigonal Bipyramidal V 3+ Complex as an Optically Addressable Molecular Qubit Candidate. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20400-20408. [PMID: 33210910 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic chemistry enables a bottom-up approach to quantum information science, where atoms can be deterministically positioned in a quantum bit or qubit. Two key requirements to realize quantum technologies are qubit initialization and read-out. By imbuing molecular spins with optical initialization and readout mechanisms, analogous to solid-state defects, molecules could be integrated into existing quantum infrastructure. To mimic the electronic structure of optically addressable defect sites, we designed the spin-triplet, V3+ complex, (C6F5)3trenVCNtBu (1). We measured the static spin properties as well as the spin coherence time of 1 demonstrating coherent control of this spin qubit with a 240 GHz electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer powered by a free electron laser. We found that 1 exhibited narrow, near-infrared photoluminescence (PL) from a spin-singlet excited state. Using variable magnetic field PL spectroscopy, we resolved emission into each of the ground-state spin sublevels, a crucial component for spin-selective optical initialization and readout. This work demonstrates that trigonally symmetric, heteroleptic V3+ complexes are candidates for optical spin addressability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed S Fataftah
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sam L Bayliss
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Daniel W Laorenza
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Institute for Terahertz Science and Technology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Brian T Phelan
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- The Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - C Blake Wilson
- Institute for Terahertz Science and Technology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Peter J Mintun
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Berk D Kovos
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- The Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Songi Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Institute for Terahertz Science and Technology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Mark S Sherwin
- Institute for Terahertz Science and Technology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - David D Awschalom
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Danna E Freedman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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47
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Wahl U, Correia JG, Villarreal R, Bourgeois E, Gulka M, Nesládek M, Vantomme A, Pereira LMC. Direct Structural Identification and Quantification of the Split-Vacancy Configuration for Implanted Sn in Diamond. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:045301. [PMID: 32794782 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.045301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate formation of the ideal split-vacancy configuration of the Sn-vacancy center upon implantation into natural diamond. Using β^{-} emission channeling following low fluence ^{121}Sn implantation (2×10^{12} atoms/cm^{2}, 60 keV) at the ISOLDE facility at CERN, we directly identified and quantified the atomic configurations of the Sn-related centers. Our data show that the split-vacancy configuration is formed immediately upon implantation with a surprisingly high efficiency of ≈40%. Upon thermal annealing at 920 °C ≈30% of Sn is found in the ideal bond-center position. Photoluminescence revealed the characteristic SnV^{-} line at 621 nm, with an extraordinarily narrow ensemble linewidth (2.3 nm) of near-perfect Lorentzian shape. These findings further establish the SnV^{-} center as a promising candidate for single photon emission applications, since, in addition to exceptional optical properties, it also shows a remarkably simple structural formation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Wahl
- KU Leuven, Quantum Solid-State Physics, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - J G Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - R Villarreal
- KU Leuven, Quantum Solid-State Physics, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Bourgeois
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMOMEC division, IMEC, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - M Gulka
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - M Nesládek
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMOMEC division, IMEC, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - A Vantomme
- KU Leuven, Quantum Solid-State Physics, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - L M C Pereira
- KU Leuven, Quantum Solid-State Physics, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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48
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Wan NH, Lu TJ, Chen KC, Walsh MP, Trusheim ME, De Santis L, Bersin EA, Harris IB, Mouradian SL, Christen IR, Bielejec ES, Englund D. Large-scale integration of artificial atoms in hybrid photonic circuits. Nature 2020; 583:226-231. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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49
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Mahoney EJD, Lalji AKSK, Allden JWR, Truscott BS, Ashfold MNR, Mankelevich YA. Optical Emission Imaging and Modeling Investigations of Microwave-Activated SiH 4/H 2 and SiH 4/CH 4/H 2 Plasmas. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5109-5128. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c03396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. D. Mahoney
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
- Centre for Doctoral Training in Diamond Science and Technology, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuri A. Mankelevich
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
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50
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Morioka N, Babin C, Nagy R, Gediz I, Hesselmeier E, Liu D, Joliffe M, Niethammer M, Dasari D, Vorobyov V, Kolesov R, Stöhr R, Ul-Hassan J, Son NT, Ohshima T, Udvarhelyi P, Thiering G, Gali A, Wrachtrup J, Kaiser F. Spin-controlled generation of indistinguishable and distinguishable photons from silicon vacancy centres in silicon carbide. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2516. [PMID: 32433556 PMCID: PMC7239935 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum systems combining indistinguishable photon generation and spin-based quantum information processing are essential for remote quantum applications and networking. However, identification of suitable systems in scalable platforms remains a challenge. Here, we investigate the silicon vacancy centre in silicon carbide and demonstrate controlled emission of indistinguishable and distinguishable photons via coherent spin manipulation. Using strong off-resonant excitation and collecting zero-phonon line photons, we show a two-photon interference contrast close to 90% in Hong-Ou-Mandel type experiments. Further, we exploit the system’s intimate spin-photon relation to spin-control the colour and indistinguishability of consecutively emitted photons. Our results provide a deep insight into the system’s spin-phonon-photon physics and underline the potential of the industrially compatible silicon carbide platform for measurement-based entanglement distribution and photonic cluster state generation. Additional coupling to quantum registers based on individual nuclear spins would further allow for high-level network-relevant quantum information processing, such as error correction and entanglement purification. Defects in silicon carbide can act as single photon sources that also have the benefit of a host material that is already used in electronic devices. Here the authors demonstrate that they can control the distinguishability of the emitted photons by changing the defect spin state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Morioka
- 3rd Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology IQST, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany. .,Advanced Research and Innovation Center, DENSO CORPORATION, Nisshin, 470-0111, Japan.
| | - Charles Babin
- 3rd Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology IQST, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roland Nagy
- 3rd Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology IQST, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Izel Gediz
- 3rd Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology IQST, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Erik Hesselmeier
- 3rd Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology IQST, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Di Liu
- 3rd Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology IQST, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Matthew Joliffe
- 3rd Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology IQST, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Matthias Niethammer
- 3rd Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology IQST, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Durga Dasari
- 3rd Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology IQST, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Vadim Vorobyov
- 3rd Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology IQST, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roman Kolesov
- 3rd Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology IQST, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rainer Stöhr
- 3rd Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology IQST, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jawad Ul-Hassan
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nguyen Tien Son
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Takeshi Ohshima
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Takasaki, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Péter Udvarhelyi
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box 49, 1525, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Atomic Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 8., 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergő Thiering
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box 49, 1525, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adam Gali
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box 49, 1525, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Atomic Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 8., 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jörg Wrachtrup
- 3rd Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology IQST, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Florian Kaiser
- 3rd Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology IQST, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
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