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Li YT, Liu DH, Luo Y, Abbas Khan M, Mahmood Alam S, Liu YZ. Transcriptome analysis reveals the key network of axillary bud outgrowth modulated by topping in citrus. Gene 2024; 926:148623. [PMID: 38821328 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Topping, an important tree shaping and pruning technique, can promote the outgrowth of citrus axillary buds. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, spring shoots of Citrus reticulata 'Huagan No.2' were topped and transcriptome was compared between axillary buds of topped and untopped shoots at 6 and 11 days after topping (DAT). 1944 and 2394 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found at 6 and 11 DAT, respectively. KEGG analysis revealed that many DEGs were related to starch and sucrose metabolism, signal transduction of auxin, cytokinin and abscisic acid. Specially, transcript levels of auxin synthesis, transport, and signaling-related genes (SAURs and ARF5), cytokinin signal transduction related genes (CRE1, AHP and Type-A ARRs), ABA signal responsive genes (PYL and ABF) were up-regulated by topping; while transcript levels of auxin receptor TIR1, auxin responsive genes AUX/IAAs, ABA signal transduction related gene PP2Cs and synthesis related genes NCED3 were down-regulated. On the other hand, the contents of sucrose and fructose in axillary buds of topped shoots were significantly higher than those in untopped shoots; transcript levels of 16 genes related to sucrose synthase, hexokinase, sucrose phosphate synthase, endoglucanase and glucosidase, were up-regulated in axillary buds after topping. In addition, transcript levels of genes related to trehalose 6-phosphate metabolism and glycolysis/tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, as well to some transcription factors including Pkinase, Pkinase_Tyr, Kinesin, AP2/ERF, P450, MYB, NAC and Cyclin_c, significantly responded to topping. Taken together, the present results suggested that topping promoted citrus axillary bud outgrowth through comprehensively regulating plant hormone and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as signal transduction. These results deepened our understanding of citrus axillary bud outgrowth by topping and laid a foundation for further research on the molecular mechanisms of citrus axillary bud outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ting Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops / College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Dong-Hai Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops / College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yin Luo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops / College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Abbas Khan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops / College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shariq Mahmood Alam
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops / College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yong-Zhong Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops / College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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2
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Etesami H, Glick BR. Bacterial indole-3-acetic acid: A key regulator for plant growth, plant-microbe interactions, and agricultural adaptive resilience. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127602. [PMID: 38228017 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a fundamental phytohormone categorized under auxins, not only influences plant growth and development but also plays a critical role in plant-microbe interactions. This study reviews the role of IAA in bacteria-plant communication, with a focus on its biosynthesis, regulation, and the subsequent effects on host plants. Bacteria synthesize IAA through multiple pathways, which include the indole-3-acetamide (IAM), indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPyA), and several other routes, whose full mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. The production of bacterial IAA affects root architecture, nutrient uptake, and resistance to various abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and heavy metal toxicity, enhancing plant resilience and thus offering promising routes to sustainable agriculture. Bacterial IAA synthesis is regulated through complex gene networks responsive to environmental cues, impacting plant hormonal balances and symbiotic relationships. Pathogenic bacteria have adapted mechanisms to manipulate the host's IAA dynamics, influencing disease outcomes. On the other hand, beneficial bacteria utilize IAA to promote plant growth and mitigate abiotic stresses, thereby enhancing nutrient use efficiency and reducing dependency on chemical fertilizers. Advancements in analytical methods, such as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, have improved the quantification of bacterial IAA, enabling accurate measurement and analysis. Future research focusing on molecular interactions between IAA-producing bacteria and host plants could facilitate the development of biotechnological applications that integrate beneficial bacteria to improve crop performance, which is essential for addressing the challenges posed by climate change and ensuring global food security. This integration of bacterial IAA producers into agricultural practice promises to revolutionize crop management strategies by enhancing growth, fostering resilience, and reducing environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Etesami
- Soil Science Department, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bernard R Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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3
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Wang H, Li X, Meng B, Fan Y, Khan SU, Qian M, Zhang M, Yang H, Lu K. Exploring silique number in Brassica napus L.: Genetic and molecular advances for improving yield. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024. [PMID: 38386569 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Silique number is a crucial yield-related trait for the genetic enhancement of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). The intricate molecular process governing the regulation of silique number involves various factors. Despite advancements in understanding the mechanisms regulating silique number in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa), the molecular processes involved in controlling silique number in rapeseed remain largely unexplored. In this review, we identify candidate genes and review the roles of genes and environmental factors in regulating rapeseed silique number. We use genetic regulatory networks for silique number in Arabidopsis and grain number in rice to uncover possible regulatory pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in regulating genes associated with rapeseed silique number. A better understanding of the genetic network regulating silique number in rapeseed will provide a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of this trait and genetic resources for the molecular breeding of high-yielding rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Boyu Meng
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yonghai Fan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Mingchao Qian
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Haikun Yang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Kun Lu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P.R. China
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4
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Takai T. Potential of rice tillering for sustainable food production. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:708-720. [PMID: 37933683 PMCID: PMC10837021 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Tillering, also known as shoot branching, is a fundamental trait for cereal crops such as rice to produce sufficient panicle numbers. Effective tillering that guarantees successful panicle production is essential for achieving high crop yields. Recent advances in molecular biology have revealed the mechanisms underlying rice tillering; however, in rice breeding and cultivation, there remain limited genes or alleles suitable for effective tillering and high yields. A recently identified quantitative trait locus (QTL) called MORE PANICLES 3 (MP3) has been cloned as a single gene and shown to promote tillering and to moderately increase panicle number. This gene is an ortholog of the maize domestication gene TB1, and it has the potential to increase grain yield under ongoing climate change and in nutrient-poor environments. This review reconsiders the potential and importance of tillering for sustainable food production. Thus, I provide an overview of rice tiller development and the currently understood molecular mechanisms that underly it, focusing primarily on the biosynthesis and signaling of strigolactones, effective QTLs, and the importance of MP3 (TB1). The possible future benefits in using promising QTLs such as MP3 to explore agronomic solutions under ongoing climate change and in nutrient-poor environments are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Takai
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 305-8686 Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Song X, Gu X, Chen S, Qi Z, Yu J, Zhou Y, Xia X. Far-red light inhibits lateral bud growth mainly through enhancing apical dominance independently of strigolactone synthesis in tomato. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:429-441. [PMID: 37916615 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The ratio of red light to far-red light (R:FR) is perceived by light receptors and consequently regulates plant architecture. Regulation of shoot branching by R:FR ratio involves plant hormones. However, the roles of strigolactone (SL), the key shoot branching hormone and the interplay of different hormones in the light regulation of shoot branching in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are elusive. Here, we found that defects in SL synthesis genes CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 7 (CCD7) and CCD8 in tomato resulted in more lateral bud growth but failed to reverse the FR inhibition of lateral bud growth, which was associated with increased auxin synthesis and decreased synthesis of cytokinin (CK) and brassinosteroid (BR). Treatment of auxin also inhibited shoot branching in ccd mutants. However, CK released the FR inhibition of lateral bud growth in ccd mutants, concomitant with the upregulation of BR synthesis genes. Furthermore, plants that overexpressed BR synthesis gene showed more lateral bud growth and the shoot branching was less sensitive to the low R:FR ratio. The results indicate that SL synthesis is dispensable for light regulation of shoot branching in tomato. Auxin mediates the response to R:FR ratio to regulate shoot branching by suppressing CK and BR synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Song
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Gu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangyu Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Qi
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, People's Republic of China
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, People's Republic of China
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Yang R, Sun Y, Zhu X, Jiao B, Sun S, Chen Y, Li L, Wang X, Zeng Q, Liang Q, Huang B. The tuber-specific StbHLH93 gene regulates proplastid-to-amyloplast development during stolon swelling in potato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1676-1689. [PMID: 38044709 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
In potato, stolon swelling is a complex and highly regulated process, and much more work is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms. We identified a novel tuber-specific basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, StbHLH93, based on the high-resolution transcriptome of potato tuber development. StbHLH93 is predominantly expressed in the subapical and perimedullary region of the stolon and developing tubers. Knockdown of StbHLH93 significantly decreased tuber number and size, resulting from suppression of stolon swelling. Furthermore, we found that StbHLH93 directly binds to the plastid protein import system gene TIC56 promoter, activates its expression, and is involved in proplastid-to-amyloplast development during the stolon-to-tuber transition. Knockdown of the target TIC56 gene resulted in similarly problematic amyloplast biogenesis and tuberization. Taken together, StbHLH93 functions in the differentiation of proplastids to regulate stolon swelling. This study highlights the critical role of proplastid-to-amyloplast interconversion during potato tuberization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Baozhen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Sifan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lizhu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qian Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qiqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Binquan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, 650500, China
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Tian H, Tang B, Fan W, Pan Z, Peng J, Wang Y, Liu F, Liu G. The role of strigolactone analog (GR24) in endogenous hormone metabolism and hormone-related gene expression in tobacco axillary buds. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 43:21. [PMID: 38150090 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Strigolactone has the potential to influence hormone metabolism, in addition to having a role in inhibiting axillary bud elongation, which could be regulated by the expression of phytohormones-related genes. The elongation of axillary buds affects the economic benefits of tobacco. In this study, it was investigated the effect of strigolactone (SL) on the elongation of tobacco axillary buds and its endogenous hormone metabolism and related gene expression by applying the artificial analog of SL, GR24, and an inhibitor of SL synthesis, TIS-108, to the axillary buds. The results showed that the elongation of axillary buds was significantly inhibited by GR24 on day 2 and day 9. Ultra-high-performance liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry results further showed that SL significantly affected the metabolism of endogenous plant hormones, altering both their levels and the ratios between each endogenous hormone. Particularly, the levels of auxin (IAA), trans-zeatin-riboside (tZR), N6-(∆2-isopentenyl) adenine (iP), gibberellin A4 (GA4), jasmonic acid (JA), and jasmonoyl isoleucine (JA-Ile) were decreased after GR24 treatment on day 9, but the levels of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and gibberellin A1 (GA1) were significantly increased. Further analysis of endogenous hormonal balance revealed that after the treatment with GR24 on day 9, the ratio of IAA to cytokinin (CTK) was markedly increased, but the ratios of IAA to abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), ACC, JAs, and, GAs were notably decreased. In addition, according to RNA-seq analysis, multiple differentially expressed genes were found, such as GH3.1, AUX/IAA, SUAR20, IPT, CKX1, GA2ox1, ACO3, ERF1, PR1, and HCT, which may play critical roles in the biosynthesis, deactivation, signaling pathway of phytohormones, and the biosynthesis of flavonoids to regulate the elongation of axillary buds in tobacco. This work lays the certain theoretical foundation for the application of SL in regulating the elongation of axillary buds of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Tian
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Boxi Tang
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuwei Fan
- Yimen County Branch of Yuxi Tobacco Company, Yimen, 651100, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyan Pan
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantao Peng
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxiu Wang
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Liu
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqin Liu
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University/Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao Y, Zha M, Xu C, Hou F, Wang Y. Proteomic Analysis Revealed the Antagonistic Effect of Decapitation and Strigolactones on the Tillering Control in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:91. [PMID: 38202400 PMCID: PMC10780617 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Removing the panicle encourages the growth of buds on the elongated node by getting rid of apical dominance. Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that suppress tillering in rice. The present study employed panicle removal (RP) and external application of synthesized strigolactones (GR) to modulate rice bud growth at node 2. We focused on the full-heading stage to investigate proteomic changes related to bud germination (RP-Co) and suppression (GR-RP). A total of 434 represented differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were detected, with 272 DAPs explicitly specified in the bud germination process, 106 in the bud suppression process, and 28 in both. DAPs in the germination process were most associated with protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and ribosome biogenesis. DAPs were most associated with metabolic pathways and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in the bud suppression process. Sucrose content and two enzymes of sucrose degradation in buds were also determined. Comparisons of DAPs between the two reversed processes revealed that sucrose metabolism might be a key to modulating rice bud growth. Moreover, sucrose or its metabolites should be a signal downstream of the SLs signal transduction that modulates rice bud outgrowth. Contemplating the result so far, it is possible to open new vistas of research to reveal the interaction between SLs and sucrose signaling in the control of tillering in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhao
- College of Biology Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (F.H.)
| | - Manrong Zha
- College of Biology Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (F.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Hunan Province, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Congshan Xu
- Anhui Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Promotion Center, Anhui Provincial Institute of Science and Technology, Hefei 230002, China;
| | - Fangxu Hou
- College of Biology Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (F.H.)
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Biology Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Z.); (F.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Hunan Province, Jishou 416000, China
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9
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Boyno G, Rezaee Danesh Y, Demir S, Teniz N, Mulet JM, Porcel R. The Complex Interplay between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Strigolactone: Mechanisms, Sinergies, Applications and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16774. [PMID: 38069097 PMCID: PMC10706366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants, the cornerstone of life on Earth, are constantly struggling with a number of challenges arising from both biotic and abiotic stressors. To overcome these adverse factors, plants have evolved complex defense mechanisms involving both a number of cell signaling pathways and a complex network of interactions with microorganisms. Among these interactions, the relationship between symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and strigolactones (SLs) stands as an important interplay that has a significant impact on increased resistance to environmental stresses and improved nutrient uptake and the subsequent enhanced plant growth. AMF establishes mutualistic partnerships with plants by colonizing root systems, and offers a range of benefits, such as increased nutrient absorption, improved water uptake and increased resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. SLs play a fundamental role in shaping root architecture, promoting the growth of lateral roots and regulating plant defense responses. AMF can promote the production and release of SLs by plants, which in turn promote symbiotic interactions due to their role as signaling molecules with the ability to attract beneficial microbes. The complete knowledge of this synergy has the potential to develop applications to optimize agricultural practices, improve nutrient use efficiency and ultimately increase crop yields. This review explores the roles played by AMF and SLs in plant development and stress tolerance, highlighting their individual contributions and the synergistic nature of their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Boyno
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, Türkiye
| | - Younes Rezaee Danesh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, Türkiye
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Semra Demir
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, Türkiye
| | - Necmettin Teniz
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, Türkiye
| | - José M. Mulet
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Porcel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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10
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Li X, Lu J, Zhu X, Dong Y, Liu Y, Chu S, Xiong E, Zheng X, Jiao Y. AtMYBS1 negatively regulates heat tolerance by directly repressing the expression of MAX1 required for strigolactone biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100675. [PMID: 37608548 PMCID: PMC10721535 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress caused by global warming requires the development of thermotolerant crops to sustain yield. It is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie heat tolerance in plants. Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of carotenoid-derived phytohormones that regulate plant development and responses to abiotic or biotic stresses. Although SL biosynthesis and signaling processes are well established, genes that directly regulate SL biosynthesis have rarely been reported. Here, we report that the MYB-like transcription factor AtMYBS1/AtMYBL, whose gene expression is repressed by heat stress, functions as a negative regulator of heat tolerance by directly inhibiting SL biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of AtMYBS1 led to heat hypersensitivity, whereas atmybs1 mutants displayed increased heat tolerance. Expression of MAX1, a critical enzyme in SL biosynthesis, was induced by heat stress and downregulated in AtMYBS1-overexpression (OE) plants but upregulated in atmybs1 mutants. Overexpression of MAX1 in the AtMYBS1-OE background reversed the heat hypersensitivity of AtMYBS1-OE plants. Loss of MAX1 function in the atmyb1 background reversed the heat-tolerant phenotypes of atmyb1 mutants. Yeast one-hybrid assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation‒qPCR, and transgenic analyses demonstrated that AtMYBS1 directly represses MAX1 expression through the MYB binding site in the MAX1 promoter in vivo. The atmybs1d14 double mutant, like d14 mutants, exhibited hypersensitivity to heat stress, indicating the necessary role of SL signaling in AtMYBS1-regulated heat tolerance. Our findings provide new insights into the regulatory network of SL biosynthesis, facilitating the breeding of heat-tolerant crops to improve crop production in a warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Jianhua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xuling Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yanqi Dong
- Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Shanshan Chu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Erhui Xiong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Xu Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Yongqing Jiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
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11
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Yuan Y, Khourchi S, Li S, Du Y, Delaplace P. Unlocking the Multifaceted Mechanisms of Bud Outgrowth: Advances in Understanding Shoot Branching. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3628. [PMID: 37896091 PMCID: PMC10610460 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is a complex and tightly regulated developmental process that is essential for determining plant architecture and crop yields. The outgrowth of tiller buds is a crucial step in shoot branching, and it is influenced by a variety of internal and external cues. This review provides an extensive overview of the genetic, plant hormonal, and environmental factors that regulate shoot branching in several plant species, including rice, Arabidopsis, tomato, and wheat. We especially highlight the central role of TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1 (TB1), a key gene in orchestrating bud outgrowth. In addition, we discuss how the phytohormones cytokinins, strigolactones, and auxin interact to regulate tillering/branching. We also shed light on the involvement of sugar, an integral component of plant development, which can impact bud outgrowth in both trophic and signaling ways. Finally, we emphasize the substantial influence of environmental factors, such as light, temperature, water availability, biotic stresses, and nutrients, on shoot branching. In summary, this review offers a comprehensive evaluation of the multifaced regulatory mechanisms that underpin shoot branching and highlights the adaptable nature of plants to survive and persist in fluctuating environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundong Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Said Khourchi
- Plant Sciences, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Shujia Li
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanfang Du
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Pierre Delaplace
- Plant Sciences, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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12
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Chen GTE, Wang JY, Votta C, Braguy J, Jamil M, Kirschner GK, Fiorilli V, Berqdar L, Balakrishna A, Blilou I, Lanfranco L, Al-Babili S. Disruption of the rice 4-DEOXYOROBANCHOL HYDROXYLASE unravels specific functions of canonical strigolactones. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306263120. [PMID: 37819983 PMCID: PMC10589652 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306263120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) regulate many developmental processes, including shoot-branching/tillering, and mediate rhizospheric interactions. SLs originate from carlactone (CL) and are structurally diverse, divided into a canonical and a noncanonical subfamily. Rice contains two canonical SLs, 4-deoxyorobanchol (4DO) and orobanchol (Oro), which are common in different plant species. The cytochrome P450 OsMAX1-900 forms 4DO from CL through repeated oxygenation and ring closure, while the homologous enzyme OsMAX1-1400 hydroxylates 4DO into Oro. To better understand the biological function of 4DO and Oro, we generated CRISPR/Cas9 mutants disrupted in OsMAX1-1400 or in both OsMAX1-900 and OsMAX1-1400. The loss of OsMAX1-1400 activity led to a complete lack of Oro and an accumulation of its precursor 4DO. Moreover, Os1400 mutants showed shorter plant height, panicle and panicle base length, but no tillering phenotype. Hormone quantification and transcriptome analysis of Os1400 mutants revealed elevated auxin levels and changes in the expression of auxin-related, as well as of SL biosynthetic genes. Interestingly, the Os900/1400 double mutant lacking both Oro and 4DO did not show the observed Os1400 architectural phenotypes, indicating their being a result of 4DO accumulation. Treatment of wild-type plants with 4DO confirmed this assumption. A comparison of the Striga seed germinating activity and the mycorrhization of Os900, Os900/1400, and Os1400 loss-of-function mutants demonstrated that the germination activity positively correlates with 4DO content while disrupting OsMAX1-1400 has a negative impact on mycorrhizal symbiosis. Taken together, our paper deciphers the biological function of canonical SLs in rice and reveals their particular contributions to establishing architecture and rhizospheric communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Ting Erica Chen
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- The Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jian You Wang
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Cristina Votta
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino10125, Italy
| | - Justine Braguy
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gwendolyn K. Kirschner
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, Plant Cell and Developmental Biology, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Valentina Fiorilli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino10125, Italy
| | - Lamis Berqdar
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aparna Balakrishna
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikram Blilou
- The Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, Plant Cell and Developmental Biology, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino10125, Italy
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- The Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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13
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Kirschner GK. Pushing pea: fine-tuning of nodule development by strigolactones. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:5-6. [PMID: 37743704 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
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14
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Dun EA, Brewer PB, Gillam EMJ, Beveridge CA. Strigolactones and Shoot Branching: What Is the Real Hormone and How Does It Work? PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:967-983. [PMID: 37526426 PMCID: PMC10504579 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
There have been substantial advances in our understanding of many aspects of strigolactone regulation of branching since the discovery of strigolactones as phytohormones. These include further insights into the network of phytohormones and other signals that regulate branching, as well as deep insights into strigolactone biosynthesis, metabolism, transport, perception and downstream signaling. In this review, we provide an update on recent advances in our understanding of how the strigolactone pathway co-ordinately and dynamically regulates bud outgrowth and pose some important outstanding questions that are yet to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Dun
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Philip B Brewer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture Food & Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M J Gillam
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Christine A Beveridge
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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15
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Barbier F, Fichtner F, Beveridge C. The strigolactone pathway plays a crucial role in integrating metabolic and nutritional signals in plants. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1191-1200. [PMID: 37488268 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are rhizosphere signals and phytohormones that play crucial roles in plant development. They are also well known for their role in integrating nitrate and phosphate signals to regulate shoot and root development. More recently, sugars and citrate (an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle) were reported to inhibit the strigolactone response, with dramatic effects on shoot architecture. This Review summarizes the discoveries recently made concerning the mechanisms through which the strigolactone pathway integrates sugar, metabolite and nutrient signals. We highlight here that strigolactones and MAX2-dependent signalling play crucial roles in mediating the impacts of nutritional and metabolic cues on plant development and metabolism. We also discuss and speculate concerning the role of these interactions in plant evolution and adaptation to their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Barbier
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Franziska Fichtner
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christine Beveridge
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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16
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Wang Q, Xue N, Sun C, Tao J, Mi C, Yuan Y, Pan X, Gui M, Long R, Ding R, Li S, Lin L. Transcriptomic Profiling of Shoot Apical Meristem Aberrations in the Multi-Main-Stem Mutant ( ms) of Brassica napus L. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1396. [PMID: 37510301 PMCID: PMC10378962 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a globally important oilseed crop with various uses, including the consumption of its succulent stems as a seasonal vegetable, but its uniaxial branching habit limits the stem yield. Therefore, developing a multi-stem rapeseed variety has become increasingly crucial. In this study, a natural mutant of the wild type (ZY511, Zhongyou511) with stable inheritance of the multi-stem trait (ms) was obtained, and it showed abnormal shoot apical meristem (SAM) development and an increased main stem number compared to the WT. Histological and scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed multiple SAMs in the ms mutant, whereas only a single SAM was found in the WT. Transcriptome analyses showed significant alterations in the expression of genes involved in cytokinin (CK) biosynthesis and metabolism pathways in the ms mutant. These findings provide insight into the mechanism of multi-main-stem formation in Brassica napus L. and lay a theoretical foundation for breeding multi-main-stem rapeseed vegetable varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Support Production Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Na Xue
- Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Support Production Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650221, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Support Production Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Chao Mi
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Support Production Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Xiangwei Pan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Min Gui
- Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Support Production Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Ronghua Long
- Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Support Production Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Renzhan Ding
- Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Shikai Li
- Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Support Production Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Liangbin Lin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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17
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Li J, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Ye F, Hou Z, Zhang Y, Hao L, Li G, Shao J, Tan M. Genome-wide analysis of MdPLATZ genes and their expression during axillary bud outgrowth in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:329. [PMID: 37322464 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Branching is a plastic character that affects plant architecture and spatial structure. The trait is controlled by a variety of plant hormones through coordination with environmental signals. Plant AT-rich sequence and zinc-binding protein (PLATZ) is a transcription factor that plays an important role in plant growth and development. However, systematic research on the role of the PLATZ family in apple branching has not been conducted previously. RESULTS In this study, a total of 17 PLATZ genes were identified and characterized from the apple genome. The 83 PLATZ proteins from apple, tomato, Arabidopsis, rice, and maize were classified into three groups based on the topological structure of the phylogenetic tree. The phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, gene structure, regulatory cis-acting elements, and microRNAs of the MdPLATZ family members were predicted. Expression analysis revealed that MdPLATZ genes exhibited distinct expression patterns in different tissues. The expression patterns of the MdPLATZ genes were systematically investigated in response to treatments that impact apple branching [thidazuron (TDZ) and decapitation]. The expression of MdPLATZ1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15, and 16 was regulated during axillary bud outgrowth based on RNA-sequencing data obtained from apple axillary buds treated by decapitation or exogenous TDZ application. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that MdPLATZ6 was strongly downregulated in response to the TDZ and decapitation treatments, however, MdPLATZ15 was significantly upregulated in response to TDZ, but exhibited little response to decapitation. Furthermore, the co-expression network showed that PLATZ might be involved in shoot branching by regulating branching-related genes or mediating cytokinin or auxin pathway. CONCLUSION The results provide valuable information for further functional investigation of MdPLATZ genes in the control of axillary bud outgrowth in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyang Li
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Yongliang Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Yaohui Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Feng Ye
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Zhengcun Hou
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Longjie Hao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Guofang Li
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Jianzhu Shao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, 071000, China.
| | - Ming Tan
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, 071000, China.
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18
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Veerabagu M, van der Schoot C, Turečková V, Tarkowská D, Strnad M, Rinne PLH. Light on perenniality: Para-dormancy is based on ABA-GA antagonism and endo-dormancy on the shutdown of GA biosynthesis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1785-1804. [PMID: 36760106 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Perennial para- and endo-dormancy are seasonally separate phenomena. Whereas para-dormancy is the suppression of axillary buds (AXBs) by a growing shoot, endo-dormancy is the short-day elicited arrest of terminal and AXBs. In hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x P. tremuloides) compromising the apex releases para-dormancy, whereas endo-dormancy requires chilling. ABA and GA are implicated in both phenomena. To untangle their roles, we blocked ABA biosynthesis with fluridone (FD), which significantly reduced ABA levels, downregulated GA-deactivation genes, upregulated the major GA3ox-biosynthetic genes, and initiated branching. Comprehensive GA-metabolite analyses suggested that FD treatment shifted GA production to the non-13-hydroxylation pathway, enhancing GA4 function. Applied ABA counteracted FD effects on GA metabolism and downregulated several GA3/4 -inducible α- and γ-clade 1,3-β-glucanases that hydrolyze callose at plasmodesmata (PD), thereby enhancing PD-callose accumulation. Remarkably, ABA-deficient plants repressed GA4 biosynthesis and established endo-dormancy like controls but showed increased stress sensitivity. Repression of GA4 biosynthesis involved short-day induced DNA methylation events within the GA3ox2 promoter. In conclusion, the results cast new light on the roles of ABA and GA in dormancy cycling. In para-dormancy, PD-callose turnover is antagonized by ABA, whereas in short-day conditions, lack of GA4 biosynthesis promotes callose deposition that is structurally persistent throughout endo-dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Veronika Turečková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Sciences, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Sciences, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Sciences, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Päivi L H Rinne
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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19
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Cao D, Chabikwa T, Barbier F, Dun EA, Fichtner F, Dong L, Kerr SC, Beveridge CA. Auxin-independent effects of apical dominance induce changes in phytohormones correlated with bud outgrowth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1420-1434. [PMID: 36690819 PMCID: PMC10231355 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of shoot branching by the growing shoot tip of plants, termed apical dominance, was originally thought to be mediated by auxin. Recently, the importance of the shoot tip sink strength during apical dominance has re-emerged with recent studies highlighting roles for sugars in promoting branching. This raises many unanswered questions on the relative roles of auxin and sugars in apical dominance. Here we show that auxin depletion after decapitation is not always the initial trigger of rapid cytokinin (CK) increases in buds that are instead correlated with enhanced sugars. Auxin may also act through strigolactones (SLs) which have been shown to suppress branching after decapitation, but here we show that SLs do not have a significant effect on initial bud outgrowth after decapitation. We report here that when sucrose or CK is abundant, SLs are less inhibitory during the bud release stage compared to during later stages and that SL treatment rapidly inhibits CK accumulation in pea (Pisum sativum) axillary buds of intact plants. After initial bud release, we find an important role of gibberellin (GA) in promoting sustained bud growth downstream of auxin. We are, therefore, able to suggest a model of apical dominance that integrates auxin, sucrose, SLs, CKs, and GAs and describes differences in signalling across stages of bud release to sustained growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Cao
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tinashe Chabikwa
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Francois Barbier
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Dun
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Franziska Fichtner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lili Dong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stephanie C Kerr
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Christine A Beveridge
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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20
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Chen T, Xiao W, Huang C, Zhou D, Liu Y, Guo T, Chen Z, Wang H. Fine Mapping of the Affecting Tillering and Plant Height Gene CHA-1 in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1507. [PMID: 37050133 PMCID: PMC10096525 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The plant architecture of rice is an important factor affecting yield. Strigolactones (SLs) are newly discovered carotenoid-derived plant hormones that play an important role in rice plant architecture. In this study, a high-tillering dwarf mutant, CHA-1, was identified by spatial mutagenesis. CHA-1 was located in the region of 31.52-31.55 MB on chromosome 1 by map-based cloning. Compared with the wild-type THZ, the CHA-1 mutant showed that ACCAC replaced TGGT in the coding region of the candidate gene LOC_Os01g54810, leading to premature termination of expression. Genetic complementation experiments proved that LOC_Os01g54810 was CHA-1, which encodes a putative member of Class III lipase. Expression analysis showed that CHA-1 was constitutively expressed in various organs of rice. Compared with those in THZ, the expression levels of the D17 and D10 genes were significantly downregulated in the CHA-1 mutant. In addition, the concentrations of ent-2'-epi-5-deoxystrigol (epi-5DS) in the root exudates of the CHA-1 mutant was significantly reduced compared with that of THZ, and exogenous application of GR24 inhibited the tillering of the CHA-1 mutant. These results suggest that CHA-1 influences rice architecture by affecting SL biosynthesis.
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21
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Hellens AM, Chabikwa TG, Fichtner F, Brewer PB, Beveridge CA. Identification of new potential downstream transcriptional targets of the strigolactone pathway including glucosinolate biosynthesis. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e486. [PMID: 36945724 PMCID: PMC10024969 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones regulate shoot branching and many aspects of plant growth, development, and allelopathy. Strigolactones are often discussed alongside auxin because they work together to inhibit shoot branching. However, the roles and mechanisms of strigolactones and how they act independently of auxin are still elusive. Additionally, there is still much in general to be discovered about the network of molecular regulators and their interactions in response to strigolactones. Here, we conducted an experiment in Arabidopsis with physiological treatments and strigolactone mutants to determine transcriptional pathways associated with strigolactones. The three physiological treatments included shoot tip removal with and without auxin treatment and treatment of intact plants with the auxin transport inhibitor, N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). We identified the glucosinolate biosynthesis pathway as being upregulated across strigolactone mutants indicating strigolactone-glucosinolate crosstalk. Additionally, strigolactone application cannot restore the highly branched phenotype observed in glucosinolate biosynthesis mutants, placing glucosinolate biosynthesis downstream of strigolactone biosynthesis. Oxidative stress genes were enriched across the experiment suggesting that this process is mediated through multiple hormones. Here, we also provide evidence supporting non-auxin-mediated, negative feedback on strigolactone biosynthesis. Increases in strigolactone biosynthesis gene expression seen in strigolactone mutants could not be fully restored by auxin. By contrast, auxin could fully restore auxin-responsive gene expression increases, but not sugar signaling-related gene expression. Our data also point to alternative roles of the strigolactone biosynthesis genes and potential new signaling functions of strigolactone precursors. In this study, we identify a strigolactone-specific regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes indicating that the two are linked and may work together in regulating stress and shoot ranching responses in Arabidopsis. Additionally, we provide evidence for non-auxinmediated feedback on strigolactone biosynthesis and discuss this in the context of sugar signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M. Hellens
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature and AgricultureThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Tinashe G. Chabikwa
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Franziska Fichtner
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature and AgricultureThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- Institute for Plant BiochemistryHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Philip B. Brewer
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature and AgricultureThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineThe University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Christine A. Beveridge
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature and AgricultureThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
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22
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Rani V, Sengar RS, Garg SK, Mishra P, Shukla PK. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Physiological and Molecular Role of Strigolactones as Plant Growth Regulators: A Review. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00694-2. [PMID: 36802323 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Rani
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, 250110, India.
| | - R S Sengar
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, 250110, India.
| | - Sanjay Kumar Garg
- M. J. P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243006, India
| | - Pragati Mishra
- Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211007, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Shukla
- Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211007, India
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23
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Wang L, Li B, Dai C, Ding A, Wang W, Shi H, Cui M, Sun Y, Lv J. Genome-wide identification of MAXs genes for strigolactones synthesis/signaling in solanaceous plants and analysis of their potential functions in tobacco. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14669. [PMID: 36650839 PMCID: PMC9840856 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The more axillary growth (MAX) gene family is a group of key genes involved in the synthesis and signal transduction of strigolactones (SLs) in plants. Although MAX genes play vital roles in plant growth and development, characterization of the MAX gene family has been limited in solanaceous crops, especially in tobacco. In this study, 74 members of the MAX family were identified in representative Solanaceae crops and classified into four groups. The physicochemical properties, gene structure, conserved protein structural domains, cis-acting elements, and expression patterns could be clearly distinguished between the biosynthetic and signal transduction subfamilies; furthermore, MAX genes in tobacco were found to be actively involved in the regulation of meristem development by responding to hormones. MAX genes involved in SL biosynthesis were more responsive to abiotic stresses than genes involved in SL signaling. Tobacco MAX genes may play an active role in stress resistance. The results of this study provide a basis for future in-depth analysis of the molecular mechanisms of MAX genes in tobacco meristem development and stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixianqiu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China,Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Bingjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China,Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Changbo Dai
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Anming Ding
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Haoqi Shi
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China,Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Cui
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuhe Sun
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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24
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Soliman S, Wang Y, Han Z, Pervaiz T, El-kereamy A. Strigolactones in Plants and Their Interaction with the Ecological Microbiome in Response to Abiotic Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3499. [PMID: 36559612 PMCID: PMC9781102 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones play an essential role in enhancing plant tolerance by responding to abiotic stresses, such as nutrient deficiency, drought, high temperature, and light stress. Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid derivatives that occur naturally in plants and are defined as novel phytohormones that regulate plant metabolism, growth, and development. Strigolactone assists plants in the acquisition of defensive characteristics against drought stress by initiating physiological responses and mediating the interaction with soil microorganisms. Nutrient deficiency is an important abiotic stress factor, hence, plants perform many strategies to survive against nutrient deficiency, such as enhancing the efficiency of nutrient uptake and forming beneficial relationships with microorganisms. Strigolactone attracts various microorganisms and provides the roots with essential elements, including nitrogen and phosphorus. Among these advantageous microorganisms are arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF), which regulate plant metabolic activities through phosphorus providing in roots. Bacterial nodulations are also nitrogen-fixing microorganisms found in plant roots. This symbiotic relationship is maintained as the plant provides organic molecules, produced in the leaves, that the bacteria could otherwise not independently generate. Related stresses, such as light stress and high-temperature stress, could be affected directly or indirectly by strigolactone. However, the messengers of these processes are unknown. The most prominent connector messengers have been identified upon the discovery of SLs and the understanding of their hormonal effect. In addition to attracting microorganisms, these groups of phytohormones affect photosynthesis, bridge other phytohormones, induce metabolic compounds. In this article, we highlighted the brief information available on SLs as a phytohormone group regarding their common related effects. In addition, we reviewed the status and described the application of SLs and plant response to abiotic stresses. This allowed us to comprehend plants' communication with the ecological microbiome as well as the strategies plants use to survive under various stresses. Furthermore, we identify and classify the SLs that play a role in stress resistance since many ecological microbiomes are unexplained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabry Soliman
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tariq Pervaiz
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Ashraf El-kereamy
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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25
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Zhang X, Lai C, Liu M, Xue X, Zhang S, Chen Y, Xiao X, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Lai Z, Lin Y. Whole Genome Analysis of SLs Pathway Genes and Functional Characterization of DlSMXL6 in Longan Early Somatic Embryo Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214047. [PMID: 36430536 PMCID: PMC9695034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs), a new class of plant hormones, are implicated in the regulation of various biological processes. However, the related family members and functions are not identified in longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.). In this study, 23 genes in the CCD, D27, and SMXL family were identified in the longan genome. The phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, conserved motifs, promoter elements, and transcription factor-binding site predictions were comprehensively analysed. The expression profiles indicated that these genes may play important roles in longan organ development and abiotic stress responses, especially during early somatic embryogenesis (SE). Furthermore, GR24 (synthetic SL analogue) and Tis108 (SL biosynthesis inhibitor) could affect longan early SE by regulating the levels of endogenous IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), JA (jasmonic acid), GA (gibberellin), and ABA (abscisic acid). Overexpression of SMXL6 resulted in inhibition of longan SE by regulating the synthesis of SLs, carotenoids, and IAA levels. This study establishes a foundation for further investigation of SL genes and provides novel insights into their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-0591-83789484 (Y.L.); Fax: +86-0591-83789484 (Y.L.)
| | - Yuling Lin
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-0591-83789484 (Y.L.); Fax: +86-0591-83789484 (Y.L.)
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26
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Wheeldon CD, Hamon-Josse M, Lund H, Yoneyama K, Bennett T. Environmental strigolactone drives early growth responses to neighboring plants and soil volume in pea. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3593-3600.e3. [PMID: 35839764 PMCID: PMC9616727 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There has been a dramatic recent increase in the understanding of the mechanisms by which plants detect their neighbors,1 including by touch,2 reflected light,3 volatile organic chemicals, and root exudates.4,5 The importance of root exudates remains ill-defined because of confounding experimental variables6,7 and difficulties disentangling neighbor detection in shoot and roots.8-10 There is evidence that root exudates allow distinction between kin and non-kin neighbors,11-13 but identification of specific exudates that function in neighbor detection and/or kin recognition remain elusive.1 Strigolactones (SLs), which are exuded into the soil in significant quantities in flowering plants to promote recruitment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF),14 seem intuitive candidates to act as plant-plant signals, since they also act as hormones in plants,15-17 with dramatic effects on shoot growth18,19 and milder effects on root development.20 Here, using pea, we test whether SLs act as either cues or signals for neighbor detection. We show that peas detect neighbors early in the life cycle through their root systems, resulting in strong changes in shoot biomass and branching, and that this requires SL biosynthesis. We demonstrate that uptake and detection of SLs exuded by neighboring plants are needed for this early neighbor detection, and that plants that cannot exude SLs are outcompeted by neighboring plants and fail to adjust growth to their soil volume. We conclude that plants both exude SLs as signals to modulate neighbor growth and detect environmental SLs as a cue for neighbor presence; collectively, this allows plants to proactively adjust their shoot growth according to neighbor density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara D Wheeldon
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Maxime Hamon-Josse
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hannah Lund
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Kaori Yoneyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Japan Science and Technology, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Tom Bennett
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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27
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Li Y, He Y, Liu Z, Qin T, Wang L, Chen Z, Zhang B, Zhang H, Li H, Liu L, Zhang J, Yuan W. OsSPL14 acts upstream of OsPIN1b and PILS6b to modulate axillary bud outgrowth by fine-tuning auxin transport in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:1167-1182. [PMID: 35765202 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a multigenic trait, rice tillering can optimize plant architecture for the maximum agronomic yield. SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE14 (OsSPL14) has been demonstrated to be necessary and sufficient to inhibit rice branching, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we demonstrated that OsSPL14, which is cleaved by miR529 and miR156, inhibits tillering by fine-tuning auxin transport in rice. RNA interference of OsSPL14 or miR529 and miR156 overexpression significantly increased the tiller number, whereas OsSPL14 overexpression decreased the tiller number. Histological analysis revealed that the OsSPL14-overexpressing line had normal initiation of axillary buds but inhibited outgrowth of tillers. Moreover, OsSPL14 was found to be responsive to indole-acetic acid and 1-naphthylphthalamic acid, and RNA interference of OsSPL14 reduced polar auxin transport and increased 1-naphthylphthalamic acid sensitivity of rice plants. Further analysis revealed that OsSPL14 directly binds to the promoter of PIN-FORMED 1b (OsPIN1b) and PIN-LIKE6b (PILS6b) to regulate their expression positively. OsPIN1b and PILS6b were highly expressed in axillary buds and proved involved in bud outgrowth. Loss of function of OsPIN1b or PILS6b increased the tiller number of rice. Taken together, our findings suggested that OsSPL14 could control axillary bud outgrowth and tiller number by activating the expression of OsPIN1b and PILS6b to fine-tune auxin transport in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yizhou He
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Tian Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Biaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Haitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Wenya Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
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28
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Yoneyama K, Xie X, Nomura T, Yoneyama K, Bennett T. Supra-organismal regulation of strigolactone exudation and plant development in response to rhizospheric cues in rice. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3601-3608.e3. [PMID: 35839765 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved elaborate mechanisms to detect neighboring plants, which typically involve the perception of "cues" inadvertently produced by the neighbor.1 Strigolactones are hormonal signaling molecules2,3 that are also exuded into the rhizosphere by most flowering plant species to promote arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses.4 Since flowering plants have an endogenous perception system for strigolactones,5 strigolactones are obvious candidates to act as a cue for neighbor presence, but have not been shown to act as such. To test this hypothesis in rice plants, we quantified two major strigolactones of rice plants, orobanchol and 4-deoxyorobanchol, in root exudates by using LC-MS/MS (MRM) and examined feedback regulation of strigolactone biosynthesis and changes in shoot branching phenotypes in rice plants grown at different densities in hydroponics and soil culture. We show that the presence of neighboring plants, or greater root volume, results in rapidly induced changes in strigolactone biosynthesis, sensitivity, and exudation and the subsequent longer-term changes in shoot architecture. These changes require intact strigolactone biosynthesis in neighboring plants and intact strigolactone signaling in focal plants. These results suggest that strigolactone biosynthesis and exudation in rice plants are driven by supra-organismal environmental strigolactone levels. Strigolactones thus act as a cue for neighbor presence in rice plants, but also seem to act as a more general root density-sensing mechanism in flowering plants that integrates soil volume and neighbor density and allows plants to adapt to the limitations of the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Yoneyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; Japan Science and Technology, PRESTO, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Xiaonan Xie
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Japan
| | - Takahito Nomura
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Japan
| | - Koichi Yoneyama
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Japan
| | - Tom Bennett
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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29
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Yang L, Zhu S, Xu J. Roles of auxin in the inhibition of shoot branching in 'Dugan' fir. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1411-1431. [PMID: 35088089 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching substantially impacts vegetative and reproductive growth as well as wood characteristics in perennial woody species by shaping the shoot system architecture. Although plant hormones have been shown to play a fundamental role in shoot branching in annual species, their corresponding actions in perennial woody plants are largely unknown, in part due to the lack of branching mutants. Here, we demonstrated the role of plant hormones in bud dormancy transition toward activation and outgrowth in woody plants by comparing the physiological and molecular changes in the apical shoot stems of 'Yangkou' 020 fir and 'Dugan' fir, two Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) clones with normal and completely abolished branching phenotypes, respectively. Our studies showed that the defect in bud outgrowth was the cause of failed shoot branching in 'Dugan' fir whereas apically derived signals acted as triggers of this ectopic bud activity. Further studies indicated that auxin played a key role in inhibiting bud outgrowth in 'Dugan' fir. During bud dormancy release, the differential auxin resistant 1/Like AUX1 (AUX1/LAX) and PIN-formed (PIN) activity resulted in an ectopic auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) accumulation in the apical shoot stem of 'Dugan' fir, which could inhibit the cell cycle in the axillary meristem by decreasing cytokinin (CK) biosynthesis but increasing abscisic acid (ABA) production and response through the signaling pathway. In contrast, during bud activation and outgrowth, the striking increase in auxin biosynthesis and PIN activity in the shoot tip of 'Dugan' fir may trigger the correlative inhibition of axillary buds by modulating the polar auxin transport stream (PATS) and connective auxin transport (CAT) in shoots, and by influencing the biosynthesis of secondary messengers, including CK, gibberellin (GA) and ABA, thereby inducing the paradormancy of axillary buds in 'Dugan' fir by apical dominance under favorable conditions. The findings of this study provide important insights into the roles of plant hormones in bud outgrowth control in perennial woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Yang
- Department of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Sheng Zhu
- Department of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
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30
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Zha M, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Chen B, Tan Z. Strigolactones and Cytokinin Interaction in Buds in the Control of Rice Tillering. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:837136. [PMID: 35845690 PMCID: PMC9286680 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.837136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is among the most crucial morphological traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and is physiologically modulated by auxins, cytokinins (CKs), and strigolactones (SLs) cumulatively in rice. A number of studies focused on the interplay of these three hormones in regulating rice tiller extension. The present study primarily aimed at determining the impact of different treatments, which were used to regulate rice tiller and axillary bud development on node 2 at the tillering stage and full heading stage, respectively. Transcription levels of several genes were quantified through qRT-PCR analysis, and an endogenous auxin and four types of CKs were determined through LC-MS/MS. Both nutrient deficiency and exogenous SL supply were found to inhibit rice tiller outgrowth by reducing the CK content in the tiller buds. Furthermore, supplying the inhibitor of both exogenous SLs and endogenous SL synthesis could also affect the expression level of OsCKX genes but not the OsIPT genes. Comparison of OsCKX gene expression pattern under exogenous SL and CK supply suggested that the induction of OsCKX expression was most likely via a CK-induced independent pathway. These results combined with the expression of CK type-A RR genes in bud support a role for SLs in regulating bud outgrowth through the regulation of local CK levels. SL functioned antagonistically with CK in regulating the outgrowth of buds on node 2, by promoting the OsCKX gene expression in buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manrong Zha
- College of Biology Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Hunan Province, Jishou, China
| | - Yanhui Zhao
- College of Biology Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Hunan Province, Jishou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Biology Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Hunan Province, Jishou, China
| | - Bingxian Chen
- Guangdong Key Lab for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zecheng Tan
- College of Biology Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Hunan Province, Jishou, China
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Asghar S, Xiong Y, Che M, Fan X, Li H, Wang Y, Xu X, Li W, Han Z. Transcriptome analysis reveals the effects of strigolactone on shoot regeneration of apple. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1613-1626. [PMID: 35680714 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that strigolactone inhibitor, Tis108, could be used to improve shoot regeneration of apple, and provided insights into the molecular mechanism of strigolactone-mediated inhibition of adventitious shoot formation. Lack of an efficient transformation system largely stagnated the application of transgenic and CRISPR technology in apple rootstock. High shoot regeneration ability is an important basis for establishing an effective transformation system. In this study, we first demonstrated the inhibitory effects of strigolactones on the adventitious shoot formation of apple rootstock M26. Next, we successfully verified that strigolactone-biosynthesis inhibitor, Tis108, could be used to improve the shoot regeneration of woody plants. Our results also suggest strigolactone-biosynthesis gene, MdCCD7, can be a target gene for biotechnological improvements of shoot regeneration capacity. Furthermore, we have employed transcriptome analysis to reveal the molecular mechanism of strigolactone-mediated inhibition of adventitious shoot formation. Differentially expressed genes associated with photosynthesis, secondary growth, and organ development were identified. WGCNA suggests SLs might affect shoot regeneration through interaction with other hormones, especially, auxin, cytokinin, and ethylene. We were able to identify important candidate genes mediating the cross-talk between strigolactone and other hormones during the process of adventitious shoot formation. Overall, our findings not only propose a useful chemical for improving shoot regeneration in practice but also provide insights into the molecular mechanism of strigolactone-mediated inhibition of adventitious shoot formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeera Asghar
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xingqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Zhenhai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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BIG Modulates Stem Cell Niche and Meristem Development via SCR/SHR Pathway in Arabidopsis Roots. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126784. [PMID: 35743225 PMCID: PMC9224481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BIG, a regulator of polar auxin transport, is necessary to regulate the growth and development of Arabidopsis. Although mutations in the BIG gene cause severe root developmental defects, the exact mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report that disruption of the BIG gene resulted in decreased quiescent center (QC) activity and columella cell numbers, which was accompanied by the downregulation of WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX5 (WOX5) gene expression. BIG affected auxin distribution by regulating the expression of PIN-FORMED proteins (PINs), but the root morphological defects of big mutants could not be rescued solely by increasing auxin transport. Although the loss of BIG gene function resulted in decreased expression of the PLT1 and PLT2 genes, genetic interaction assays indicate that this is not the main reason for the root morphological defects of big mutants. Furthermore, genetic interaction assays suggest that BIG affects the stem cell niche (SCN) activity through the SCRSCARECROW (SCR)/SHORT ROOT (SHR) pathway and BIG disruption reduces the expression of SCR and SHR genes. In conclusion, our findings reveal that the BIG gene maintains root meristem activity and SCN integrity mainly through the SCR/SHR pathway.
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Del Rosario Cárdenas-Aquino M, Sarria-Guzmán Y, Martínez-Antonio A. Review: Isoprenoid and aromatic cytokinins in shoot branching. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 319:111240. [PMID: 35487650 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is an important event of plant development that defines growth and reproduction. The BRANCHED1 gene (BRC1/TB1/FC1) is crucial for this process. Within the phytohormones, cytokinins directly activate axillary buds to promote shoot branching. In addition, strigolactones and auxins inhibit bud outgrowth. This review addresses the involvement of aromatic and isoprenoid cytokinins in shoot branching. And how auxins and strigolactones contribute to regulating this process also. The results obtained by others and our working group with lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) show that cytokinins affect both shoot and root apical meristem development, consistent with other plant species. However, many questions remain about how cytokinins and strigolactones antagonistically regulate BRC1 gene expression. Additionally, many details of the interaction among cytokinins, auxins, and strigolactones need to be clarified. We will gain a more comprehensive scheme of bud outgrowth with these details.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yohanna Sarria-Guzmán
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Básicas, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Transv 22 Bis #4-105, Valledupar 200005, Cesar, Colombia
| | - Agustino Martínez-Antonio
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Cinvestav Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Gto, México.
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34
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Cantabella D, Dolcet-Sanjuan R, Teixidó N. Using plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) to improve plant development under in vitro culture conditions. PLANTA 2022; 255:117. [PMID: 35513731 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03897-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of beneficial microorganisms improves the performance of in vitro - cultured plants through the improvement of plant nutrition, the biological control of microbial pathogens or the production of phytohormones that promote plant growth and development. Plant in vitro culture techniques are highly useful to obtain significant amounts of true-to-type and disease-free plant materials. One of these techniques is clonal micropropagation which consists on the establishment of shoot tip cultures, shoot multiplication, in vitro rooting and acclimatization to ex vitro conditions. However, in some cases, the existence of recalcitrant genotypes, with a compromised multiplication and rooting ability, or the difficulties to overcome the overgrowth of endophytic contaminations might seriously limit its efficiency. In this sense, the establishment of beneficial interactions between plants and plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) under in vitro culture conditions might represent a valuable approach to efficiently solve those restrictions. During the last years, significant evidence reporting the use of beneficial microorganisms to improve the yield of in vitro multiplication or rooting as well as their acclimatization to greenhouse or soil conditions have been provided. Most of these positive effects are strongly linked to the ability of these microorganisms to provide in vitro plants with nutrients such as nitrogen or phosphorous, to produce plant growth regulators, to control the growth of pathogens or to mitigate stress conditions. The culture of A. thaliana under aseptic conditions has provided high-quality knowledge on the root development signaling pathways, involving hormones, triggered in the presence of PGPMs. Overall, the present article offers a brief overview of the use of microorganisms to improve in vitro plant performance during the in vitro micropropagation stages, as well as the main mechanisms of plant growth promotion associated with these microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cantabella
- IRTA Plant In Vitro Culture Laboratory, Fruticulture Programme, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
- Postharvest Programme, IRTA Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic I Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ramon Dolcet-Sanjuan
- IRTA Plant In Vitro Culture Laboratory, Fruticulture Programme, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Neus Teixidó
- Postharvest Programme, IRTA Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic I Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
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Yi M, Yang H, Yang S, Wang J. Overexpression of SHORT-ROOT2 transcription factor enhances the outgrowth of mature axillary buds in poplar trees. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2469-2486. [PMID: 35107566 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
SHORT-ROOT (SHR) transcription factors play important roles in asymmetric cell division and radial patterning of Arabidopsis roots. In hybrid poplar (P. tremula × P. alba clone INRA 717-1B4), PtaSHR2 was preferentially expressed in axillary buds (AXBs) and transcriptionally up-regulated during AXB maturation and activation. Overexpression of SHR2 (PtSHR2OE) induced an enhanced outgrowth of AXBs below the bud maturation point, with a simultaneous transition of an active shoot apex into an arrested terminal bud. The larger and more mature AXBs of PtSHR2OE trees revealed altered expression of genes involved in axillary meristem initiation and bud activation, as well as a higher ratio of cytokinin to auxin. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of PtSHR2OE-induced high branching, subsequent molecular and biochemical studies showed that compared with wild-type trees, decapitation induced a quicker bud outburst in PtSHR2OE trees, which could be fully inhibited by exogenous application of auxin or cytokinin biosynthesis inhibitor, but not by N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid. Our results indicated that overexpression of PtSHR2B disturbed the internal hormonal balance in AXBs by interfering with the basipetal transport of auxin, rather than causing auxin biosynthesis deficiency or auxin insensitivity, thereby releasing mature AXBs from apical dominance and promoting their outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Yi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Heyu Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaohui Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiehua Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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36
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Patil SB, Barbier FF, Zhao J, Zafar SA, Uzair M, Sun Y, Fang J, Perez-Garcia MD, Bertheloot J, Sakr S, Fichtner F, Chabikwa TG, Yuan S, Beveridge CA, Li X. Sucrose promotes D53 accumulation and tillering in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:122-136. [PMID: 34716593 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is regulated by multiple signals. Previous studies have indicated that sucrose may promote shoot branching through suppressing the inhibitory effect of the hormone strigolactone (SL). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are unknown. Here, we used molecular and genetic tools to identify the molecular targets underlying the antagonistic interaction between sucrose and SL. We showed that sucrose antagonizes the suppressive action of SL on tillering in rice and on the degradation of D53, a major target of SL signalling. Sucrose inhibits the gene expression of D3, the orthologue of the Arabidopsis F-box MAX2 required for SL signalling. Overexpression of D3 antagonizes sucrose inhibition of D53 degradation and enables the SL inhibition of tillering under high sucrose. Sucrose prevents SL-induced degradation of D14, the SL receptor involved in D53 degradation. In contrast to D3, D14 overexpression enhances D53 protein levels and sucrose-induced tillering, even in the presence of SL. Our results show that sucrose inhibits SL response by affecting key components of SL signalling and, together with previous studies reporting the inhibition of SL synthesis by nitrate and phosphate, demonstrate the central role played by SLs in the regulation of plant architecture by nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyash B Patil
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing,, 100081, China
| | - Francois F Barbier
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing,, 100081, China
| | - Syed A Zafar
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing,, 100081, China
| | - Muhammad Uzair
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing,, 100081, China
| | - Yinglu Sun
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing,, 100081, China
| | - Jingjing Fang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing,, 100081, China
| | | | - Jessica Bertheloot
- INRAE, IRHS, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Institut Agro, Université d'Angers, Angers, 49000, France
| | - Soulaiman Sakr
- INRAE, IRHS, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Institut Agro, Université d'Angers, Angers, 49000, France
| | - Franziska Fichtner
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Tinashe G Chabikwa
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Christine A Beveridge
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Xueyong Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing,, 100081, China
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37
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Qian J, Wang N, Ren W, Zhang R, Hong X, Chen L, Zhang K, Shu Y, Hu N, Yang Y. Molecular Dissection Unveiling Dwarfing Effects of Plant Growth Retardants on Pomegranate. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:866193. [PMID: 35360308 PMCID: PMC8961278 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.866193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Dwarfed stature is a desired trait for modern orchard production systems. One effective strategy for dwarfing cultivation is exogenously applying plant growth retardants (PGRs) to plants. However, for many economic fruit trees, the current knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms underlying the dwarfing effect of PGRs is limited, which largely restricts the agricultural application of PGRs. In this study, we exogenously applied three kinds of PGRs [paclobutrazol, daminozide (B9), and mannitol] to the seedlings of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and performed comparative transcriptome analysis to elucidate the molecular features of PGR-induced dwarfing in pomegranates. Our results showed that all the three PGRs could significantly suppress plant growth of pomegranate. The inhibition of auxin biosynthetic processes, as well as auxin-mediated shoot development, may be considered as the main reason for the dwarfing. Besides that, different PGRs were also found to induce dwarfing via specific mechanisms, for example, cellular response to strigolactone was particularly suppressed by the application of paclobutrazol, while the level of carbohydrate homeostasis and metabolism were downregulated in conditions of either B9 or mannitol treatments. Furthermore, exogenous PGR application was supposed to cause adverse impacts on the normal physiological process of pomegranate seedlings, which may bring extra burden to pomegranate plants. These novel findings unveiled the genetic basis underlying the dwarfing in pomegranates, which provides deeper insights into PGR-mediated dwarfing cultivation of pomegranates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qian
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Wenxu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rufan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiyao Hong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaijing Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Yingjie Shu
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Nengbing Hu
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Yuchen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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38
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Vanderstraeten L, Sanchez-Muñoz R, Depaepe T, Auwelaert F, Van Der Straeten D. Mix-and-match: an improved, fast and accessible protocol for hypocotyl micrografting of Arabidopsis seedlings with systemic ACC responses as a case study. PLANT METHODS 2022; 18:24. [PMID: 35246176 PMCID: PMC8896378 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grafting is a technique widely used in horticulture that also has been applied in agriculture. In plant physiology, grafting facilitates the elucidation of mechanisms underlying growth and developmental processes, through the construction of chimeric plants with organs of different genotypes. Despite its small size, the model species Arabidopsis thaliana is very amenable for grafting, which can be useful to investigate transport of nutrients, amino acids or secondary metabolites between different tissues, or to investigate developmental processes depending on root-to-shoot communication, such as shoot branching, root and shoot plasticity upon shade avoidance, or disease resistance. Nevertheless, grafting protocols are usually technically challenging and training is required to achieve a reasonable success rate. Additionally, specialized tools and equipment are often needed, such as chips to accommodate the grafted plantlets or collars to maintain the contact between root and shoot. RESULTS In this methodology paper, we provide a fast, easy, accessible, and specialized equipment-free protocol that enables high success ratios. Critical steps and notes are detailed, easing the implementation of the procedure for non-trained researchers. An example of the protocol application by three independent non-trained researchers shows that this method allows to achieve a 90-100% of grafting efficiency after 6 days post-grafting recovery. In addition, the grafting of Col-0 with the acs8x mutant, depleted in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the biosynthetic precursor of the phytohormone ethylene, provides an example of the application of this optimized protocol, showing the suitability of the process to study long-distance transport processes. CONCLUSIONS We present an optimized protocol for hypocotyl grafting of 4-day-old Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. The combination of conditions yields a grafting success of 90-100% and provides an easy and accessible methodology, reducing the time frame, and without the necessity of acquiring specialized equipment. The presented protocol is simple, fast and highly efficient, easing the inclusion of hypocotyl grafting assays in any research project. In addition, the description of the protocol is detailed to a level ensuring that even non-trained researchers, are sufficiently prepared to adopt the grafting methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vanderstraeten
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Sanchez-Muñoz
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, Belgium
| | - T Depaepe
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, Belgium
| | - F Auwelaert
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, Belgium
| | - D Van Der Straeten
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, Belgium.
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Serivichyaswat PT, Bartusch K, Leso M, Musseau C, Iwase A, Chen Y, Sugimoto K, Quint M, Melnyk CW. High temperature perception in leaves promotes vascular regeneration and graft formation in distant tissues. Development 2022; 149:274539. [PMID: 35217857 PMCID: PMC8959136 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Cellular regeneration in response to wounding is fundamental to maintain tissue integrity. Various internal factors including hormones and transcription factors mediate healing, but little is known about the role of external factors. To understand how the environment affects regeneration, we investigated the effects of temperature upon the horticulturally relevant process of plant grafting. We found that elevated temperatures accelerated vascular regeneration in Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato grafts. Leaves were crucial for this effect, as blocking auxin transport or mutating PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) or YUCCA2/5/8/9 in the cotyledons abolished the temperature enhancement. However, these perturbations did not affect grafting at ambient temperatures, and temperature enhancement of callus formation and tissue adhesion did not require PIF4, suggesting leaf-derived auxin specifically enhanced vascular regeneration in response to elevated temperatures. We also found that elevated temperatures accelerated the formation of inter-plant vascular connections between the parasitic plant Phtheirospermum japonicum and host Arabidopsis, and this effect required shoot-derived auxin from the parasite. Taken together, our results identify a pathway whereby local temperature perception mediates long distance auxin signaling to modify regeneration, grafting and parasitism.
This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phanu T. Serivichyaswat
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls gränd 1, 765 51 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kai Bartusch
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls gränd 1, 765 51 Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 5, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martina Leso
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls gränd 1, 765 51 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Constance Musseau
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls gränd 1, 765 51 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Akira Iwase
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yu Chen
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Marcel Quint
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 5, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Charles W. Melnyk
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls gränd 1, 765 51 Uppsala, Sweden
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40
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The Genetic and Hormonal Inducers of Continuous Flowering in Orchids: An Emerging View. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040657. [PMID: 35203310 PMCID: PMC8870070 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Orchids are the flowers of magnetic beauty. Vivid and attractive flowers with magnificent shapes make them the king of the floriculture industry. However, the long-awaited flowering is a drawback to their market success, and therefore, flowering time regulation is the key to studies about orchid flower development. Although there are some rare orchids with a continuous flowering pattern, the molecular regulatory mechanisms are yet to be elucidated to find applicable solutions to other orchid species. Multiple regulatory pathways, such as photoperiod, vernalization, circadian clock, temperature and hormonal pathways are thought to signalize flower timing using a group of floral integrators. This mini review, thus, organizes the current knowledge of floral time regulators to suggest future perspectives on the continuous flowering mechanism that may help to plan functional studies to induce flowering revolution in precious orchid species.
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41
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Jinnan W, Ruyue W, Jihong L, Yanting T, Haoping G, Lili H, Dongyue W, Xueling W. Construction of a high-density genetic map using specific-length amplified fragment markers and identification of QTLs for branching angle in poplar. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:345-356. [PMID: 35015131 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-021-01850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Branching angle is a critical factor that determines the morphological establishment and is a typical quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. In this study, we used SLAF-seq to construct a high-density genetic map, to investigate the genetic architecture of branching angle in poplar (Populus leucopyramidalis). A total of 240,672 SLAF tags were obtained, including 103,691 polymorphic SLAF tags. After filtering, 53,407 polymorphic markers were sorted into eight segregation types, and 11,162 of them were used to construct the genetic map. 8447 were on the female parent map, 8532 were on the male parent map, and 11,162 were on the integrated map. The marker coverage was 4820.84 and 5044.80 cM for the female and male maps, and 3142.61 cM for the integrated map. The average intervals between two adjacent mapped markers were 0.55, 0.59, and 0.28 cM for the three maps, respectively. Two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected. Seven markers that exceeded the threshold in these two regions were considered as being associated with branching angle and the phenotypic variance explained by each of these marker was 10.64-11.66%. After functional annotation, we identified 15 candidate genes and analyzed the expression of candidate genes in narrow and wide crown progenies by qRT-PCR. These results show that the combination of QTL and SLAF-seq will contribute to future breeding plans in poplar breeding, especially in narrow crown poplar breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Jinnan
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China.,Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China.,State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China
| | - Wang Ruyue
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China.,Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China.,State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China
| | - Li Jihong
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China. .,Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China. .,State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China.
| | - Tian Yanting
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China.,Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China.,State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China
| | - Guo Haoping
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China.,Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China.,State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China
| | - Hou Lili
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China.,Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China.,State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China
| | - Wang Dongyue
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China.,Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China.,State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China
| | - Wang Xueling
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China.,Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China.,State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Taian, 271018, Shangdong, China
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Dou J, Yang H, Sun D, Yang S, Sun S, Zhao S, Lu X, Zhu H, Liu D, Ma C, Liu W, Yang L. The branchless gene Clbl in watermelon encoding a TERMINAL FLOWER 1 protein regulates the number of lateral branches. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:65-79. [PMID: 34562124 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03952-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A SNP mutation in Clbl gene encoding TERMINAL FLOWER 1 protein is responsible for watermelon branchless. Lateral branching is one of the most important traits, which directly determines plant architecture and crop productivity. Commercial watermelon has the characteristics of multiple lateral branches, and it is time-consuming and labor-costing to manually remove the lateral branches in traditional watermelon cultivation. In our present study, a lateral branchless trait was identified in watermelon material WCZ, and genetic analysis revealed that it was controlled by a single recessive gene, which named as Clbl (Citrullus lanatus branchless). A bulked segregant sequencing (BSA-seq) and linkage analysis was conducted to primarily map Clbl on watermelon chromosome 4. Next-generation sequencing-aided marker discovery and a large mapping population consisting of 1406 F2 plants were used to further map Clbl locus into a 9011-bp candidate region, which harbored only one candidate gene Cla018392 encoding a TERMINAL FLOWER 1 protein. Sequence comparison of Cla018392 between two parental lines revealed that there was a SNP detected from C to A in the coding region in the branchless inbred line WCZ, which resulted in a mutation from alanine (GCA) to glutamate (GAA) at the fourth exon. A dCAPS marker was developed from the SNP locus, which was co-segregated with the branchless phenotype in both BC1 and F2 population, and it was further validated in 152 natural watermelon accessions. qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization showed that the expression level of Cla018392 was significantly reduced in the axillary bud and apical bud in branchless line WCZ. Ectopic expression of ClTFL1 in Arabidopsis showed an increased number of lateral branches. The results of this study will be helpful for better understanding the molecular mechanism of lateral branch development in watermelon and for the development of marker-assisted selection (MAS) for new branchless watermelon cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Dou
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Huihui Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dongling Sun
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Sen Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shouru Sun
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shengjie Zhao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Xuqiang Lu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Huayu Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dongming Liu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Changsheng Ma
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wenge Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Luming Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Ren Y, Che X, Liang J, Wang S, Han L, Liu Z, Chen H, Tang M. Brassinosteroids Benefit Plants Performance by Augmenting Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0164521. [PMID: 34908500 PMCID: PMC8672874 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01645-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) play an important role in improving plant growth and development. The interaction between phytohormones and AM symbiosis is gradually revealed. Here we examined the effect of Brassinosteroids (BR) on AM symbiosis and discussed the synergistic promotion of plant growth by BR and AM symbiosis. The xylophyta Eucalyptus grandis Hill (E. grandis) was inoculated with AM fungi Rhizoglomus irregularis R197198 (R. irregularis) and treated with different concentrations (0, 1, 10, and 100 nM) of 24-epibrassinolide (24-epiBL) for 6 weeks. With the increase of 24-epiBL concentration, E. grandis growth was firstly promoted and then inhibited, but inoculation with AM fungi alleviated this inhibition. 24-epiBL and R. irregularis colonization significantly improved E. grandis growth and antioxidant system response, and the synergistic effect was the best. Compared with the control group, 24-epiBL treatment significantly increased the mycorrhizal colonization and arbuscular abundance of AM fungi R. irregular in E. grandis roots. The expression of AM symbiosis maker genes was significantly increased by 24-epiBL treatment. Both 24-epiBL treatment and AM colonization upregulated gibberellins (GA) synthesis genes, but no inhibition caused by GA levels was found. 24-epiBL is a kind of synthetic highly active BR. Based on the results of 24-epiBL treatment, we hypothesized that BR actively regulates AM symbiosis regulates AM symbiosis without affecting GA-INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1)-DELLA expression. The synergistic treatment of BR and AM symbiosis can significantly promote the growth and development of plants. IMPORTANCE Brassinosteroids (BR) and Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) symbiosis play an important role in improving plant growth and development. Previous studies have shown that there is a complex regulatory network between phytohormones and AM symbiosis. However, the interactions of BR-signaling and AM symbiosis are still poorly understood. Our results suggest that BR actively regulates the colonization and development of AM fungi, and AM fungal colonization can alleviate the inhibition of plant growth caused by excessive BR. In addition, BR actively regulates AM symbiosis, but does not primarily mediate gibberellins-DELLA interaction. The synergistic treatment of BR and AM symbiosis can significantly promote the growth and development of plants. The conclusions of this study provide a reference for phytohormones-AM symbiosis interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianrong Che
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Han
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Tominaga T, Miura C, Sumigawa Y, Hirose Y, Yamaguchi K, Shigenobu S, Mine A, Kaminaka H. Conservation and Diversity in Gibberellin-Mediated Transcriptional Responses Among Host Plants Forming Distinct Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Morphotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:795695. [PMID: 34975984 PMCID: PMC8718060 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.795695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Morphotypes of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, Arum, Paris, and Intermediate types, are mainly determined by host plant lineages. It was reported that the phytohormone gibberellin (GA) inhibits the establishment of Arum-type AM symbiosis in legume plants. In contrast, we previously reported that GA promotes the establishment of Paris-type AM symbiosis in Eustoma grandiflorum, while suppressing Arum-type AM symbiosis in a legume model plant, Lotus japonicus. This raises a hitherto unexplored possibility that GA-mediated transcriptional reprogramming during AM symbiosis is different among plant lineages as the AM morphotypes are distinct. Here, our comparative transcriptomics revealed that several symbiosis-related genes were commonly upregulated upon AM fungal colonization in L. japonicus (Arum-type), Daucus carota (Intermediate-type), and E. grandiflorum (Paris-type). Despite of the similarities, the fungal colonization levels and the expression of symbiosis-related genes were suppressed in L. japonicus and D. carota but were promoted in E. grandiflorum in the presence of GA. Moreover, exogenous GA inhibited the expression of genes involved in biosynthetic process of the pre-symbiotic signal component, strigolactone, which resulted in the reduction of its endogenous accumulation in L. japonicus and E. grandiflorum. Additionally, differential regulation of genes involved in sugar metabolism suggested that disaccharides metabolized in AM roots would be different between L. japonicus and D. carota/E. grandiflorum. Therefore, this study uncovered the conserved transcriptional responses during mycorrhization regardless of the distinct AM morphotype. Meanwhile, we also found diverse responses to GA among phylogenetically distant AM host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Tominaga
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yuuka Sumigawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yukine Hirose
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yamaguchi
- Functional Genomics Facility, NIBB Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- Functional Genomics Facility, NIBB Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Akira Mine
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan
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Ahmad S, Lu C, Gao J, Ren R, Wei Y, Wu J, Jin J, Zheng C, Zhu G, Yang F. Genetic insights into the regulatory pathways for continuous flowering in a unique orchid Arundina graminifolia. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:587. [PMID: 34893019 PMCID: PMC8662845 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manipulation of flowering time and frequency of blooming is key to enhancing the ornamental value of orchids. Arundina graminifolia is a unique orchid that flowers year round, although the molecular basis of this flowering pattern remains poorly understood. RESULTS We compared the A. graminifolia transcriptome across tissue types and floral developmental stages to elucidate important genetic regulators of flowering and hormones. Clustering analyses identified modules specific to floral transition and floral morphogenesis, providing a set of candidate regulators for the floral initiation and timing. Among candidate floral homeotic genes, the expression of two FT genes was positively correlated with flower development. Assessment of the endogenous hormone levels and qRT-PCR analysis of 32 pathway-responsive genes supported a role for the regulatory networks in floral bud control in A. graminifolia. Moreover, WGCNA showed that flowering control can be delineated by modules of coexpressed genes; especially, MEgreen presented group of genes specific to flowering. CONCLUSIONS Candidate gene selection coupled with hormonal regulators brings a robust source to understand the intricate molecular regulation of flowering in precious orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagheer Ahmad
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuqiao Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Ren
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonglu Wei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jieqiu Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianpeng Jin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanyuan Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
| | - Genfa Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengxi Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
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Luo Z, Janssen BJ, Snowden KC. The molecular and genetic regulation of shoot branching. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1033-1044. [PMID: 33616657 PMCID: PMC8566252 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The architecture of flowering plants exhibits both phenotypic diversity and plasticity, determined, in part, by the number and activity of axillary meristems and, in part, by the growth characteristics of the branches that develop from the axillary buds. The plasticity of shoot branching results from a combination of various intrinsic and genetic elements, such as number and position of nodes and type of growth phase, as well as environmental signals such as nutrient availability, light characteristics, and temperature (Napoli et al., 1998; Bennett and Leyser, 2006; Janssen et al., 2014; Teichmann and Muhr, 2015; Ueda and Yanagisawa, 2019). Axillary meristem initiation and axillary bud outgrowth are controlled by a complex and interconnected regulatory network. Although many of the genes and hormones that modulate branching patterns have been discovered and characterized through genetic and biochemical studies, there are still many gaps in our understanding of the control mechanisms at play. In this review, we will summarize our current knowledge of the control of axillary meristem initiation and outgrowth into a branch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Luo
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Bart J Janssen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
| | - Kimberley C Snowden
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
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Sikder MM, Vestergård M, Kyndt T, Kudjordjie EN, Nicolaisen M. Phytohormones selectively affect plant parasitic nematodes associated with Arabidopsis roots. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1272-1285. [PMID: 34115415 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones may affect plant-nematode interactions directly as chemo-attractants or -repellents, or indirectly through the root-associated microbiome or through host defense mechanisms. However, the exact roles of phytohormones in these complex plant-soil-nematode interactions are not well understood. We used Arabidopsis thaliana mutants impaired in phytohormone synthesis or sensitivity to elucidate their role in root-nematode interactions. As root-associated microorganisms may modulate these interactions, we explored correlations between the relative abundances of root-associated nematodes, and bacteria and fungi using amplicon sequencing. We found distinct shifts in relative abundances of a range of nematode taxa in the A. thaliana phytohormone mutants. The root knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla, a sedentary endoparasitic species that is in intimate contact with the host, was highly enriched in JA-, SA- and SL-impaired lines, and in an ET-insensitive line. Positive or negative correlations between specific microbial and nematode taxa were observed, but, as the inference of causal relationships between microbiome responses and effects on nematode communities is premature, this should be studied in detail in future studies. In conclusion, genetic derailment of hormonal balances generally rendered plants vulnerable to endoparasitic nematode attack. Furthermore, preliminary data suggest that this effect may be partially modulated by the associated microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Maniruzzaman Sikder
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Mette Vestergård
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Enoch Narh Kudjordjie
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
| | - Mogens Nicolaisen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
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Rehman NU, Li X, Zeng P, Guo S, Jan S, Liu Y, Huang Y, Xie Q. Harmony but Not Uniformity: Role of Strigolactone in Plants. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1616. [PMID: 34827614 PMCID: PMC8615677 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) represent an important new plant hormone class marked by their multifunctional roles in plants and rhizosphere interactions, which stimulate hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and seed germination of root parasitic plants. SLs have been broadly implicated in regulating root growth, shoot architecture, leaf senescence, nodulation, and legume-symbionts interaction, as well as a response to various external stimuli, such as abiotic and biotic stresses. These functional properties of SLs enable the genetic engineering of crop plants to improve crop yield and productivity. In this review, the conservation and divergence of SL pathways and its biological processes in multiple plant species have been extensively discussed with a particular emphasis on its interactions with other different phytohormones. These interactions may shed further light on the regulatory networks underlying plant growth, development, and stress responses, ultimately providing certain strategies for promoting crop yield and productivity with the challenges of global climate and environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Peichun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaoying Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Saad Jan
- Agriculture Department, Entomology Section Bacha Khan University, Charsadda 24420, Pakistan;
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Yifeng Huang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310001, China
| | - Qingjun Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Xu E, Chai L, Zhang S, Yu R, Zhang X, Xu C, Hu Y. Catabolism of strigolactones by a carboxylesterase. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:1495-1504. [PMID: 34764442 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-01011-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived plant hormones that control shoot branching and communications between host plants and symbiotic fungi or root parasitic plants. Extensive studies have identified the key components participating in SL biosynthesis and signalling, whereas the catabolism or deactivation of endogenous SLs in planta remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis carboxylesterase 15 (AtCXE15) and its orthologues function as efficient hydrolases of SLs. We show that overexpression of AtCXE15 promotes shoot branching by dampening SL-inhibited axillary bud outgrowth. We further demonstrate that AtCXE15 could bind and efficiently hydrolyse SLs both in vitro and in planta. We also provide evidence that AtCXE15 is capable of catalysing hydrolysis of diverse SL analogues and that such CXE15-dependent catabolism of SLs is evolutionarily conserved in seed plants. These results disclose a catalytic mechanism underlying homoeostatic regulation of SLs in plants, which also provides a rational approach to spatial-temporally manipulate the endogenous SLs and thus architecture of crops and ornamental plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xixi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Chongyi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China.
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Ahmad S, Lu C, Wei Y, Gao J, Jin J, Zheng C, Zhu G, Yang F. Stage Specificity, the Dynamic Regulators and the Unique Orchid Arundina graminifolia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010935. [PMID: 34681593 PMCID: PMC8535972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Orchids take years to reach flowering, but the unique bamboo orchid (Arundina graminifolia) achieves reproductive maturity in six months and then keeps on year round flowering. Therefore, studying different aspects of its growth, development and flowering is key to boost breeding programs for orchids. This study uses transcriptome tools to discuss genetic regulation in five stages of flower development and four tissue types. Stage specificity was focused to distinguish genes specifically expressed in different stages of flower development and tissue types. The top 10 highly expressed genes suggested unique regulatory patterns for each stage or tissue. The A. graminifolia sequences were blasted in Arabidopsis genome to validate stage specific genes and to predict important hormonal and cell regulators. Moreover, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) modules were ascertained to suggest highly influential hubs for early and late stages of flower development, leaf and root. Hormonal regulators were abundant in all data sets, such as auxin (LAX2, GH3.1 and SAUR41), cytokinin (LOG1), gibberellin (GASA3 and YAB4), abscisic acid (DPBF3) and sucrose (SWEET4 and SWEET13). Findings of this study, thus, give a fine sketch of genetic variability in Orchidaceae and broaden our understanding of orchid flower development and the involvement of multiple pathways.
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