1
|
Gao H, Li D, Hu H, Zhou F, Yu Y, Wei Q, Liu Q, Liu M, Hu P, Chen E, Song P, Su X, Guan Y, Qiao M, Ru Z, Li C. Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism during anther development in a thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile wheat line. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2410-2425. [PMID: 38517937 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Bainong sterility (BNS) is a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile wheat line, characterised by anther fertility transformation in response to low temperature (LT) stress during meiosis, the failure of vacuole decomposition and the absence of starch accumulation in sterile bicellular pollen. Our study demonstrates that the late microspore (LM) stage marks the transition from the anther growth to anther maturation phase, characterised by the changes in anther structure, carbohydrate metabolism and the main transport pathway of sucrose (Suc). Fructan is a main storage polysaccharide in wheat anther, and its synthesis and remobilisation are crucial for anther development. Moreover, the process of pollen amylogenesis and the fate of the large vacuole in pollen are closely intertwined with fructan synthesis and remobilisation. LT disrupts the normal physiological metabolism of BNS anthers during meiosis, particularly affecting carbohydrate metabolism, thus determining the fate of male gametophytes and pollen abortion. Disruption of fructan synthesis and remobilisation regulation serves as a decisive event that results in anther abortion. Sterile pollen exhibits common traits of pollen starvation and impaired starch accumulation due to the inhibition of apoplastic transport starting from the LM stage, which is regulated by cell wall invertase TaIVR1 and Suc transporter TaSUT1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanting Gao
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yongang Yu
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Qichao Wei
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Qili Liu
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Mingjiu Liu
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Eryong Chen
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Puwen Song
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaojia Su
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guan
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Mei Qiao
- College of Science and Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zhengang Ru
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Centre of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Chengwei Li
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ge S, Ding F, Daniel B, Wu C, Ran M, Ma C, Xue Y, Zhao D, Liu Y, Zhu Z, Fang Z, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Wang S. Carbohydrate metabolism and cytology of S-type cytoplasmic male sterility in wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1255670. [PMID: 37908830 PMCID: PMC10614052 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1255670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is an important tool for hybrid heterosis utilization. However, the underlying mechanisms still need to be discovered. An adequate supply of nutrients is necessary for anther development; pollen abortion would occur if the metabolism of carbohydrates were hampered. Methods In order to better understand the relationship between carbohydrate metabolism disorder and pollen abortion in S-CMS wheat, the submicroscopic structure of wheat anthers was observed using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy; chloroplast proteome changes were explored by comparative proteomic analysis; sugar measuring and enzyme assays were performed; and the expression patterns of carbohydrate metabolism-related genes were studied using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) method. Results These results indicated that the anther and microspore in S-CMS wheat underwent serious structural damage, including premature tapetum degeneration, nutritional shortage, pollen wall defects, and pollen grain malformations. Furthermore, the number of chloroplasts in the anthers of S-CMS lines decreased significantly, causing abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, and disintegration of osmiophilic granules and thylakoids. Meanwhile, some proteins participating in the Calvin cycle and carbohydrate metabolism were abnormally expressed in the chloroplasts of the S-CMS lines, which might lead to chloroplast dysfunction. Additionally, several key enzymes and genes related to carbohydrate metabolism were significantly inhibited in S-CMS. Discussion Based on these results, we proposed a carbohydrate metabolism pathway for anther abortion in S-type cytoplasmic male sterility, which would encourage further exploration of the pollen abortion mechanisms for CMS wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Ge
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fugong Ding
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Bimpong Daniel
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Cuicui Wu
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Mingyang Ran
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Chi Ma
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yuhang Xue
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Die Zhao
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yike Liu
- Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhanwang Zhu
- Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengwu Fang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Gaisheng Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Northwest Agricuture and Forestry (A&F) University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Shuping Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Zhou H, He Y, Shen X, Lin S, Huang L. MYB transcription factors and their roles in the male reproductive development of flowering plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 335:111811. [PMID: 37574139 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
As one of the largest transcription factor families with complex functional differentiation in plants, the MYB transcription factors (MYB TFs) play important roles in the physiological and biochemical processes of plant growth and development. Male reproductive development, an essential part of sexual reproduction in flowering plants, is undoubtedly regulated by MYB TFs. In this review, we summarize the roles of the MYB TFs involved in the three stages of male reproductive development: pollen grains formation and maturation, filament elongation and anther dehiscence, and fertilization. Also, the potential downstream target genes and upstream regulators of these MYB TFs are discussed. Furthermore, we propose the underlying regulatory mechanisms of these MYB TFs: (1) A complex network of MYB TFs regulates various aspects of male reproductive development; (2) MYB homologous genes in different species may be functionally conserved or differentiated; (3) MYB TFs often form regulatory complexes with bHLH TFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Wang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huiyan Zhou
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuanrong He
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Xiuping Shen
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sue Lin
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Huang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Du K, Zhao W, Lv Z, Liu L, Ali S, Chen B, Hu W, Zhou Z, Wang Y. Auxin and abscisic acid play important roles in promoting glucose metabolism of reactivated young kernels of maize (Zea mays L.). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14019. [PMID: 37882255 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
In maize, young kernels that are less competitive and have poor sink activity often abort. Studies have indicated that such poor competitiveness depends, in part, on the regulation by auxin (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA). However, the mechanisms for such effects remain unclear. We used pollination-blocking and hand-pollination treatments accompanied by multi-omics and physiological tests, to identify underlying mechanism by which IAA and ABA, along with sugar signaling affect kernel development. Results showed that preventing pollination of the primary ears reactivated kernels in the secondary ears and altered both sugar metabolism and hormone signaling pathways. This was accompanied by increased enzyme activities in carbon metabolism and concentrations of glucose and starch, as well as increased levels of IAA and decreased levels of ABA in the reactivated kernels. Positive and negative correlations were observed between IAA, ABA contents and cell wall invertase (CWIN) activity, and glucose contents, respectively. In vitro culture revealed that the expression of genes involved in glucose utilization was upregulated by IAA, but downregulated by ABA. IAA could promote the expression of ABA signaling genes ZmPP2C9 and ZmPP2C13 but downregulated the expression of Zmnced5, an ABA biosynthesis gene, and ZmSnRK2.10, which is involved in ABA signal transduction. However, these genes showed opposite trends when IAA transport was inhibited. To summarize, we suggest a regulatory model for how IAA inhibits ABA metabolism by promoting the smooth utilization of glucose in reactivated young kernels. Our findings highlight the importance of IAA in ABA signaling by regulating glucose production and transport in maize.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Du
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenqing Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Lv
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Saif Ali
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Binglin Chen
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Hu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Youhua Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guan X, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Asad MAU, Zhao Q, Pan G, Cheng F. Disruptions of sugar utilization and carbohydrate metabolism in rice developing anthers aggravated heat stress-induced pollen abortion. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107991. [PMID: 37660606 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
High temperature (HT) stress at reproductive stage is one of most important environment negatively affecting spikelet fertility and rice yield. In this study, the effect of HT exposure on the sugar composition and carbohydrate metabolism in developing anthers and its relation to floret fertility and pollen viability were investigated by different temperature regimes under well-controlled climatic condition. Result showed that HT exposure during microspore development significantly reduced the starch deposition in developing anther and evidently disrupted the spatial distribution of sugar and starch concentrations in different compartments of rice anther, with the higher ratio of sucrose to hexose concentrations in HT-stressed anthers relative to the control ones. Under HT exposure, the amount of starch deposition in the fraction of sporophytic tissues dropped evidently, while the concentrations of sucrose and starch in anther wall tissue enhanced significantly, suggesting that HT exposure impaired the translocation of sucrose from the anther wall tissue to the sporophytic tissues inside rice anther. Furthermore, we presented possible contribution of various genes and key enzymes involving in sugar conversion and carbohydrate metabolism in developing anther to the formation of HT-induced pollen abortion by disrupting the sugar utilization in HT-stressed anther. HT exposure suppressed the activities of cell wall and vacuolar invertase, hexokinase, and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in developing anther, while it was opposite for the effect of HT exposure on sucrose synthase and fructokinase. HT-induced suppression of OsCWIN3 in the anther walls might be strongly responsible for the HT-induced impairments of sugar utilization in HT-stressed anthers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianyue Guan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lujian Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Asad Ullah Asad
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Gang Pan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fangmin Cheng
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Somashekar H, Nonomura KI. Genetic Regulation of Mitosis-Meiosis Fate Decision in Plants: Is Callose an Oversighted Polysaccharide in These Processes? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1936. [PMID: 37653853 PMCID: PMC10223186 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Timely progression of the meiotic cell cycle and synchronized establishment of male meiosis in anthers are key to ascertaining plant fertility. With the discovery of novel regulators of the plant cell cycle, the mechanisms underlying meiosis initiation and progression appear to be more complex than previously thought, requiring the conjunctive action of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, transcription factors, protein-protein interactions, and several signaling components. Broadly, cell cycle regulators can be classified into two categories in plants based on the nature of their mutational effects: (1) those that completely arrest cell cycle progression; and (2) those that affect the timing (delay or accelerate) or synchrony of cell cycle progression but somehow complete the division process. Especially the latter effects reflect evasion or obstruction of major steps in the meiosis but have sometimes been overlooked due to their subtle phenotypes. In addition to meiotic regulators, very few signaling compounds have been discovered in plants to date. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge about genetic mechanisms to enter the meiotic processes, referred to as the mitosis-meiosis fate decision, as well as the importance of callose (β-1,3 glucan), which has been unsung for a long time in male meiosis in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Somashekar
- Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan;
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima 411-8540, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nonomura
- Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan;
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima 411-8540, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wrońska-Pilarek D, Maciejewska-Rutkowska I, Lechowicz K, Bocianowski J, Hauke-Kowalska M, Baranowska M, Korzeniewicz R. The effect of herbicides on morphological features of pollen grains in Prunus serotina Ehrh. in the context of elimination of this invasive species from European forests. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4657. [PMID: 36949138 PMCID: PMC10033914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prunus serotina Ehrh. is an alien invasive neophyte widespread in European forests. So far, no effective methods of its elimination have been developed. For this reason, the aim of our study was to determine how herbicides affect the morphological characteristics of pollen grains. This knowledge may be crucial to control this invasive species. The current study was carried out in a research area of 2.7 ha located in the Zielonka Forest near Poznań, Poland (N 52°31'58.016″, E 17°05'55.588″). We tested morphological differences among ten features of P. serotina pollen, based on the samples collected from 15 control trees compared to the 50 trees treated with five different herbicides. In total 1950 pollen grains were measured. We confirmed the adopted hypotheses of long-term herbicide influence on P. serotina pollen. Pollen grains from the control trees had a longer equatorial axis, were more elongated in shape and had the largest range of exine thickness compared to the pollen from the herbicide-treated samples. Exine thickness in the control sample was on average 0.74 µm, ranging from 0.42 to 1.19 µm. The average values and the ranges of this trait in the samples treated with herbicides were larger (e.g. average exine thickness was from 0.90 to 0.95 µm). There were differences in the P/E ranges of variability between the control and herbicide-treated samples. In the control sample the P/E ratio was 1.32-2.04 and elongated forms of pollen shapes prevailed, while in the herbicide-treated samples it ranged from 1.03 to 1.47. The share of deformed pollen grains in the herbicide-treated samples was lower than expected, ranging from 8.7 to 25.3%, while in the control samples it was 6%. Logo and Mustang turned out to be the most effective among the herbicides used in the described research. The two used application methods were found to have an effect on pollen quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Wrońska-Pilarek
- Department of Botany and Forest Habitats, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71d, 60-625, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Irmina Maciejewska-Rutkowska
- Department of Botany and Forest Habitats, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71d, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kacper Lechowicz
- Department of Botany and Forest Habitats, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71d, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jan Bocianowski
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maria Hauke-Kowalska
- Department of Silviculture, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71a, 60-625, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Marlena Baranowska
- Department of Silviculture, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71a, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Robert Korzeniewicz
- Department of Silviculture, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71a, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Y, Hu W, Zou J, He J, Zhu H, Zhao W, Wang Y, Chen B, Meng Y, Wang S, Zhou Z. Effects of soil drought on cottonseed kernel carbohydrate metabolism and kernel biomass accumulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 195:170-181. [PMID: 36640684 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cottonseed is the main coproduct of cotton production. The carbohydrate metabolism provides carbon substrate for the accumulation of cottonseed kernel biomass which was the basis of cottonseed kernel development. However, the responses of drought stress on carbohydrate metabolism in kernels are still unclear. To address this, two cotton cultivars (Dexiamian 1 and Yuzaomian 9110) were cultivated under three water treatments including soil relative water content (SRWC) at (75 ± 5)% (control), (60 ± 5)% (mild drought) and (45 ± 5)% (severe drought) to investigate the effects of soil drought on cottonseed kernel carbohydrate metabolism and kernel biomass accumulation. Results suggested that drought restrained the accumulation of cottonseed kernel biomass which eventually decreased cottonseed kernel biomass at maturity. In detail, the down-regulation of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity led to the inhibition of sucrose synthesis, while the up-regulation of invertase (INV) promoted the sucrose decomposite, which reduced the sucrose content eventually under drought. Though hexose content was increased, phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) content was decreased under drought by downregulating 6-phosphofructokinase (PFK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) activities, which hindered the conversion of hexose to PEP. The large decrease of sucrose and PEP contents hindered the accumulation of kernel biomass. The related substances contents and enzyme activities in carbohydrate metabolism of Yuzaomian 9110 were more susceptible to drought stress than Dexiamian 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaqi He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Honghai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Binglin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yali Meng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Poudel S, Vennam RR, Shrestha A, Reddy KR, Wijewardane NK, Reddy KN, Bheemanahalli R. Resilience of soybean cultivars to drought stress during flowering and early-seed setting stages. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1277. [PMID: 36690693 PMCID: PMC9870866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28354-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought stress during the reproductive stage and declining soybean yield potential raise concerns about yield loss and economic return. In this study, ten cultivars were characterized for 20 traits to identify reproductive stage (R1-R6) drought-tolerant soybean. Drought stress resulted in a marked reduction (17%) in pollen germination. The reduced stomatal conductance coupled with high canopy temperature resulted in reduced seed number (45%) and seed weight (35%). Drought stress followed by rehydration increased the hundred seed weight at the compensation of seed number. Further, soybean oil decreased, protein increased, and cultivars responded differently under drought compared to control. In general, cultivars with high tolerance scores for yield displayed lower tolerance scores for quality content and vice versa. Among ten cultivars, LS5009XS and G4620RX showed maximum stress tolerance scores for seed number and seed weight. The observed variability in leaf reflectance properties and their relationship with physiological or yield components suggested that leaf-level sensing information can be used for differentiating drought-sensitive soybean cultivars from tolerant ones. The study led to the identification of drought-resilient cultivars/promising traits which can be exploited in breeding to develop multi-stress tolerant cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadikshya Poudel
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Ranadheer Reddy Vennam
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Amrit Shrestha
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - K Raja Reddy
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Nuwan K Wijewardane
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Krishna N Reddy
- Crop Production Systems Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - Raju Bheemanahalli
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu G, Liu F, Jiang H, Li J, Jing J, Jin Q, Wang Y, Qian P, Xu Y. Cytological and Molecular Mechanism of Low Pollen Grain Viability in a Germplasm Line of Double Lotus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:387. [PMID: 36679100 PMCID: PMC9867118 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Self-fertilization rate is an essential index of lotus reproductive system development, and pollen activity is a key factor affecting lotus seed setting rate. Based on cytology and molecular biology, this study addresses the main reasons for the low self-set rate of double lotus. It takes two different double lotus breeds into consideration, namely 'Sijingganshan' with a low self-crossing rate and 'Jinfurong' with a high self-crossing rate. Cytological analysis results showed that the pollen abortion caused by excessive degradation of tapetum during the single phase was the root cause for the low self-mating rate of double lotus. Subsequent transcriptome analysis revealed that the gene NnPTC1 related to programmed tapetum cell death was significantly differentially expressed during the critical period of abortion, which further verified the specific expression of NnPTC1 in anthers. It was found that the expression level of NnPTC1 in 'Sijingganshan' at the mononuclear stage of its microspore development was significantly higher than that of 'Jinfurong' at the same stage. The overexpression of NnPTC1 resulted in the premature degradation of the tapetum and significantly decreased seed setting rate. These results indicated that the NnPTC1 gene regulated the pollen abortion of double lotus. The mechanism causing a low seed setting rate for double lotus was preliminarily revealed, which provided a theoretical basis for cultivating lotus varieties with both flower and seed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fengjun Liu
- Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Huiyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jun Li
- Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Qijiang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ping Qian
- Hangzhou West Lake Scenic Area Management Committee, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dai M, Yang X, Chen Q, Bai Z. Comprehensive genomic identification of cotton starch synthase genes reveals that GhSS9 regulates drought tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1163041. [PMID: 37089638 PMCID: PMC10113511 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1163041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Starch metabolism is involved in the stress response. Starch synthase (SS) is the key enzyme in plant starch synthesis, which plays an indispensable role in the conversion of pyrophosphoric acid to starch. However, the SS gene family in cotton has not been comprehensively identified and systematically analyzed. Result In our study, a total of 76 SS genes were identified from four cotton genomes and divided into five subfamilies through phylogenetic analysis. Genetic structure analysis proved that SS genes from the same subfamily had similar genetic structure and conserved sequences. A cis-element analysis of the SS gene promoter showed that it mainly contains light response elements, plant hormone response elements, and abiotic stress elements, which indicated that the SS gene played key roles not only in starch synthesis but also in abiotic stress response. Furthermore, we also conducted a gene interaction network for SS proteins. Silencing GhSS9 expression decreased the resistance of cotton to drought stress. These findings suggested that SS genes could be related to drought stress in cotton, which provided theoretical support for further research on the regulation mechanism of SS genes on abiotic starch synthesis and sugar levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maohua Dai
- Dryland Farming Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Key Laboratory of Crops Drought Resistance, Hengshui, China
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- Dryland Farming Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Key Laboratory of Crops Drought Resistance, Hengshui, China
- Cash Crop Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Quanjia Chen
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- *Correspondence: Quanjia Chen, ; Zhigang Bai,
| | - Zhigang Bai
- Cash Crop Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Quanjia Chen, ; Zhigang Bai,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kamara N, Lu Z, Jiao Y, Zhu L, Wu J, Chen Z, Wang L, Liu X, Shahid MQ. An uncharacterized protein NY1 targets EAT1 to regulate anther tapetum development in polyploid rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:582. [PMID: 36514007 PMCID: PMC9746164 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03976-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autotetraploid rice is a useful germplasm for the breeding of polyploid rice; however, low fertility is a major hindrance for its utilization. Neo-tetraploid rice with high fertility was developed from the crossing of different autotetraploid rice lines. Our previous research showed that the mutant (ny1) of LOC_Os07g32406 (NY1), which was generated by CRISPR/Cas9 knock-out in neo-tetraploid rice, showed low pollen fertility, low seed set, and defective chromosome behavior during meiosis. However, the molecular genetic mechanism underlying the fertility remains largely unknown. RESULTS Here, cytological observations of the NY1 mutant (ny1) indicated that ny1 exhibited abnormal tapetum and middle layer development. RNA-seq analysis displayed a total of 5606 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ny1 compared to wild type (H1) during meiosis, of which 2977 were up-regulated and 2629 were down-regulated. Among the down-regulated genes, 16 important genes associated with tapetal development were detected, including EAT1, CYP703A3, CYP704B2, DPW, PTC1, OsABCG26, OsAGO2, SAW1, OsPKS1, OsPKS2, and OsTKPR1. The mutant of EAT1 was generated by CRISPR/Cas9 that showed abnormal tapetum and pollen wall formation, which was similar to ny1. Moreover, 478 meiosis-related genes displayed down-regulation at same stage, including 9 important meiosis-related genes, such as OsREC8, OsSHOC1, SMC1, SMC6a and DCM1, and their expression levels were validated by qRT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results will aid in identifying the key genes associated with pollen fertility, which offered insights into the molecular mechanism underlying pollen development in tetraploid rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabieu Kamara
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute (SLARI), Freetown, PMB 1313 Sierra Leone
| | - Zijun Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Yamin Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Lianjun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Jinwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Zhixiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Muhammad Qasim Shahid
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma D, Lai Z, Ding Q, Zhang K, Chang K, Li S, Zhao Z, Zhong F. Identification, Characterization and Function of Orphan Genes Among the Current Cucurbitaceae Genomes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:872137. [PMID: 35599909 PMCID: PMC9114813 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.872137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Orphan genes (OGs) that are missing identifiable homologs in other lineages may potentially make contributions to a variety of biological functions. The Cucurbitaceae family consists of a wide range of fruit crops of worldwide or local economic significance. To date, very few functional mechanisms of OGs in Cucurbitaceae are known. In this study, we systematically identified the OGs of eight Cucurbitaceae species using a comparative genomics approach. The content of OGs varied widely among the eight Cucurbitaceae species, ranging from 1.63% in chayote to 16.55% in wax gourd. Genetic structure analysis showed that OGs have significantly shorter protein lengths and fewer exons in Cucurbitaceae. The subcellular localizations of OGs were basically the same, with only subtle differences. Except for aggregation in some chromosomal regions, the distribution density of OGs was higher near the telomeres and relatively evenly distributed on the chromosomes. Gene expression analysis revealed that OGs had less abundantly and highly tissue-specific expression. Interestingly, the largest proportion of these OGs was significantly more tissue-specific expressed in the flower than in other tissues, and more detectable expression was found in the male flower. Functional prediction of OGs showed that (1) 18 OGs associated with male sterility in watermelon; (2) 182 OGs associated with flower development in cucumber; (3) 51 OGs associated with environmental adaptation in watermelon; (4) 520 OGs may help with the large fruit size in wax gourd. Our results provide the molecular basis and research direction for some important mechanisms in Cucurbitaceae species and domesticated crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongna Ma
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Zhengfeng Lai
- Subtropical Agricultural Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fujian, China
| | - Qiansu Ding
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Kaizhen Chang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Shuhao Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Zhizhu Zhao
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Fenglin Zhong
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wen J, Zeng Y, Chen Y, Fan F, Li S. Genic male sterility increases rice drought tolerance. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 312:111057. [PMID: 34620451 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant fertility and resistance to stress environments are antagonistic to each other. At booting stage, fertility is often sacrificed for survive in rice under abiotic stress. However, the relationship between fertility and resistance at molecular level remains elusive. Here, we identified a transcription factor, OsAlfin like 5, which regulates the OsTMS5 and links both the drought stress response and thermosensitive genic male sterility. The OsAL5 overexpression plants (OE-OsAL5) became sensitive to temperature owning to the OsTMS5 that the OE-OsAL5 plants were fertile under low temperature (23 °C) and sterile under high temperature (28 °C). Significantly, the survival rate of OE-OsAL5 lines was higher than that of the wide-type (WT) under drought stress. Further experiments confirmed that the OsAL5 regulated both of the OsTMS5 and the down-stream drought-related genes by binding to the 'GTGGAG' element in vivo, revealing that the OsAL5 participated both in the drought stress response and thermosensitive genic male sterility in rice. These findings open up the possibility of breeding elite TGMS lines with strong drought tolerance by manipulating the expression of OsAL5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hongshan Laboratory of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yafei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hongshan Laboratory of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yunping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hongshan Laboratory of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Fengfeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hongshan Laboratory of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shaoqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hongshan Laboratory of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Vijayaraghavareddy P, Akula NN, Vemanna RS, Math RGH, Shinde DD, Yin X, Struik PC, Makarla U, Sreeman S. Metabolome profiling reveals impact of water limitation on grain filling in contrasting rice genotypes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:690-698. [PMID: 33780742 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought significantly decreases crop productivity, especially in high water consuming crops like rice. Grain filling is one of the important critical growth phases in rice and drought during this phase leads to significant reduction in yield. In this study, a comparison was made between IR64 (drought susceptible) and Apo (drought tolerant) rice genotypes to capture the response to water limitation (50% field capacity (FC)) compared with the control (100%FC) during grain filling. Plants were grown in a high-throughput phenomics facility for precise imposition of moisture stress during grain filling. Apo performed better in water limited conditions with lower reduction of photosynthetic rate and maintenance of lower leaf temperature than IR64. Days from sowing to maturity, spikelet fertility and seed weight were more impeded by water limitation in IR64 than in Apo. Unlike Apo, IR64 did not show any decrease in transpiration rate at 50%FC compared with 100%FC. Metabolomic profiling of spikelets at grain filling showed distinct effects of water limitation on accumulation of metabolites, especially in Apo. Secondary metabolism, mainly the phenylpropanoid pathway involved in scavenging mechanisms, was upregulated in Apo. Accumulation of most amino acids was significantly higher in IR64 than in Apo. Due to higher rates of photosynthesis under stress, most carbohydrates accumulated more in Apo than in IR64 at 50%FC. Sucrose transporters were significantly upregulated in water limited conditions especially in Apo. Overall, thanks to higher source capacity, more source to sink transport and better scavenging, Apo showed a lower reduction in yield than IR64.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Vijayaraghavareddy
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India; Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nagashree N Akula
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ramu S Vemanna
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | | | - Dhananjay D Shinde
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul C Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Udayakumar Makarla
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sheshshayee Sreeman
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Transcriptome and MiRNAomics Analyses Identify Genes Associated with Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094684. [PMID: 33925234 PMCID: PMC8124215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is important for large-scale hybrid seed production. Rearrangements in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) for the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) CMS line J4A were responsible for pollen abortion. However, the expression patterns of nuclear genes associated with pollen abortion and the molecular basis of CMS for J4A are unknown, and were the objectives of this study by comparing J4A with the J4B maintainer line. Cytological evaluation of J4A anthers showed that microspore abortion occurs during meiosis preventing pollen development. Changes in enzyme activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex V and the content of ribosomal protein and ATP during anther abortion were observed for J4A suggesting insufficient synthesis of ATP hindered pollen production. Additionally, levels of sucrose, starch, soluble sugar, and fructose were significantly altered in J4A during the meiosis stage, suggesting reduced sugar metabolism contributed to sterility. Transcriptome and miRNAomics analyses identified 4461 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs) and 26 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMIs). Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the DEMIs were associated with starch and sugar metabolism. Six deduced target gene regulatory pairs that may participate in CMS were identified, ghi-MIR7484-10/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 (MAPKK6), ghi-undef-156/agamous-like MADS-box protein AGL19 (AGL19), ghi-MIR171-1-22/SNF1-related protein kinase regulatory subunit gamma-1 and protein trichome birefringence-like 38, and ghi-MIR156-(8/36)/WRKY transcription factor 28 (WRKY28). Overall, a putative CMS mechanism involving mitochondrial dysfunction, the ghi-MIR7484-10/MAPKK6 network, and reduced glucose metabolism was suggested, and ghi-MIR7484-10/MAPKK6 may be related to abnormal microspore meiosis and induction of excessive sucrose accumulation in anthers.
Collapse
|
17
|
Vijayakumar A, Shaji S, Beena R, Sarada S, Sajitha Rani T, Stephen R, Manju RV, Viji MM. High temperature induced changes in quality and yield parameters of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) and similarity coefficients among genotypes using SSR markers. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05988. [PMID: 33644434 PMCID: PMC7889828 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High temperature induced by climatic fluctuations are an important threat for plant growth, development and quality of agricultural produces. Adaptableness to environmental changes generally derives from a large set of genetic traits affecting physio-morphological, biochemical and agronomic parameters. Therefore, the identification of genotypes with higher yield and good quality parameters at high temperatures is becoming increasingly necessary for future breeding programs. Here, we analyzed the performance of different tomato genotypes grown under elevated temperatures in terms of yield and nutritional quality of the fruit. High temperature stress was induced from flower initiation to maturity stage by keeping the pots in a temperature controlled green house facility for 45 days. The quality and yield parameters were taken at the harvesting stage. Starch and soluble sugar concentration in the leaves of tomato genotypes showed significant reduction in its amount under heat stress. Titrable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS) and ascorbic acid content of tomato fruits were highest under high temperature conditions compared to ambient condition but lycopene content decreased with rise in temperature. The yield attributes viz., number of fruits/plant, fruit set %, average fruit weight (g), yield per plant (g/plant) were significantly lower for Arka Saurabh, Arka Rakshak and Pusa Rohini when compared to other genotypes under study. Molecular characterization of selected 22 tomato genotypes were assessed using 25 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Phylogenetic tree was constructed by the unweighted neighbour-joining method (UPGMA) using NTSYSpc cluster analysis software. The Jaccard's similarity matrix was constructed using the SIMQUAL method using UPGMA algorithm in NTSYSpc. Jaccard's similarity matrix among these tomato genotypes ranged from a minimum of 0.22 to a maximum of 1 with an average genetic similarity of 0.67. Hence this study has importance in identifying genotypes that could maintain good quality and higher yield under high temperature condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha Vijayakumar
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Shanija Shaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - R Beena
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - S Sarada
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - T Sajitha Rani
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Roy Stephen
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - R V Manju
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - M M Viji
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang L, Ma M, Cui L, Liu L. Deciphering the dynamic gene expression patterns of pollen abortion in a male sterile line of Avena sativa through transcriptome analysis at different developmental stages. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:101. [PMID: 33602130 PMCID: PMC7893748 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02881-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male sterility (MS) has important applications in hybrid seed production, and the abortion of anthers has been observed in many plant species. While most studies have focused on the genetic factors affecting male sterility, the dynamic gene expression patterns of pollen abortion in male sterile lines have not been fully elucidated. In addition, there is still no hybrid oat that is commercially planted due to the lack of a suitable system of male sterility for hybrid breeding. RESULTS In this study, we cultivated a male sterile oat line and a near-isogenic line by crossbreeding to elucidate the expression patterns of genes that may be involved in sterility. The first reported CA male sterile (CAMS) oat line was used for cross-testing and hybridization experiments and was confirmed to exhibit a type of nuclear sterility controlled by recessive genes. Oat stamens of two lines were sampled at four different developmental stages separately. Paired-end RNA sequencing was performed for each sample and generated 252.84 Gb sequences. There were 295,462 unigenes annotated in public databases in all samples, and we compared the histological characteristics and transcriptomes of oat stamens from the two oat lines at different developmental stages. Our results demonstrate that the sterility of the male sterile oat line occurs in the early stage of stamen development and is primarily attributable to abnormal meiosis and the excessive accumulation of superoxide. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to decipher the dynamic expression profiles of pollen abortion CAMS and CA male fertile (CAMF) oat lines, which may represent a valuable resource for further studies attempting to understand pollen abortion and anther development in oats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- Crop Germplasms Resources Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Mingchuan Ma
- Crop Germplasms Resources Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lin Cui
- Crop Germplasms Resources Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Longlong Liu
- Crop Germplasms Resources Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tang M, Li Z, Luo D, Wei F, Kashif MH, Lu H, Hu Y, Yue J, Huang Z, Tan W, Li R, Chen P. A comprehensive integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses to reveal key genes and essential metabolic pathways involved in CMS in kenaf. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:223-236. [PMID: 33128088 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Numbers of critical genes and pathways were found from the levels of transcriptome and metabolome, which were useful information for understanding of kenaf CMS mechanism. Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited trait in higher plants that leads to the inability to produce or release functional pollen. However, there is lack of comprehensive studies to reveal the molecular basis of CMS occurrence in kenaf. Herein, we performed transcriptome and UPLC-MS-based metabolome analyses in the anthers of a CMS (UG93A) and its maintainer (UG93B) to sort out essential genes and metabolites responding to CMS in kenaf. Transcriptome characterized 7769 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between these two materials, and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that these DEGs were involved mainly in pentose and glucuronate interconversions, starch and sucrose metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. In the metabolome assay, a total of 116 significantly different metabolites (SDMs) were identified between the CMS and its maintainer line, and these SDMs were involved in eight KEGG pathways, including flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesi. Integrated analyses of transcriptome and metabolome showed that 50 genes had strong correlation coefficient values (R2 > 0.9) with ten metabolites enriched in six pathways; notably, most genes and metabolites of flavonoid biosynthesis pathways and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathways involved in flavonoids biosynthetic pathways were downregulated in CMS compared to those in maintainer. Taken together, the decreased accumulation of flavonoids resulted from the compromised biosynthesis pathways coupled with energy deficiency in the anthers may contribute largely to CMS in UG93A of kenaf.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiqiong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Guangxi Key Laboratory Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
| | - Zengqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Dengjie Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Fan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Guangxi Key Laboratory Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Nanning, China
| | - Muhammad Haneef Kashif
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yali Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiao Yue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenye Tan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ru Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
21-nt phasiRNAs direct target mRNA cleavage in rice male germ cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5191. [PMID: 33060587 PMCID: PMC7562718 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In grasses, phased small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs), 21- or 24-nucleotide (nt) in length, are predominantly expressed in anthers and play a role in regulating male fertility. However, their targets and mode of action on the targets remain unknown. Here we profile phasiRNA expression in premeiotic and meiotic spikelets as well as in purified male meiocytes at early prophase I, tetrads and microspores in rice. We show that 21-nt phasiRNAs are most abundant in meiocytes at early prophase I while 24-nt phasiRNAs are more abundant in tetrads and microspores. By performing highly sensitive degradome sequencing, we find that 21-nt phasiRNAs direct target mRNA cleavage in male germ cells, especially in meiocytes at early prophase I. These targets include 435 protein-coding genes and 71 transposons that show an enrichment for carbohydrate biosynthetic and metabolic pathways. Our study provides strong evidence that 21-nt phasiRNAs act in a target-cleavage mode and may facilitate the progression of meiosis by fine-tuning carbohydrate biosynthesis and metabolism in male germ cells. Phased small interfering RNA (phasiRNAs) are abundantly expressed in the anthers of grasses. Here, the authors profile 21-nt and 24-nt phasiRNA expression at different stages of meiocyte development in rice and provide evidence that 21-nt phasiRNAs direct cleavage of hundreds of target mRNAs.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ober ES, Howell P, Thomelin P, Kouidri A. The importance of accurate developmental staging. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3375-3379. [PMID: 32569381 PMCID: PMC7307853 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on: Fernández-Gómez J, Talle B, Tidy A, Wilson ZA. 2020. Accurate staging of reproduction development in Cadenza wheat by non-destructive spike analysis. Journal of Experimental Botany71, 3475–3484.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Ober
- NIAB, The John Bingham Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Phil Howell
- NIAB, The John Bingham Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hu W, Huang Y, Bai H, Liu Y, Wang S, Zhou Z. Influence of drought stress on pistil physiology and reproductive success of two Gossypium hirsutum cultivars differing in drought tolerance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:909-920. [PMID: 31587275 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The causes of reproductive failure under drought stress (DS) are poorly understood. We hypothesized that reproductive failure was related to drought-induced changes in pistil biochemistry. To address this hypothesis, a water deficit-induced experiment was conducted with two cotton cultivars (Dexiamian 1, drought tolerant; Yuzaomian 9110, drought sensitive). Results showed that DS decreased the photosynthesis of subtending leaf and downregulated sucrose transporter gene (GhSUT-1) expression in pistil for both cultivars, resulting in lower pistil carbon accumulation which was reflected in the decreased starch accumulation. Lower starch, as potential energy, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), as direct energy, in droughted pistils suggested less energy for pollen tube entrance into ovules, reducing the fertilized ovule number and fertilization efficiency. Further, although pistil peroxidase activity increased under DS, a higher hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) level still was measured in droughted pistils than well-watered pistils, damaging reproductive activities. Moreover, larger decreases in photosynthesis, pistil GhSUT-1 expression, carbon accumulation, starch and ATP contents caused by DS for Yuzaomian 9110 than Dexiamian 1, and different responses of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and ascorbic acid and H2 O2 contents to DS between the two cultivars might be the reasons causing a greater decrease in fertilization efficiency for Yuzaomian 9110 than Dexiamian 1 under DS. Thus, we suggest that decreased ovule fertilization under DS was related to the disorganized carbohydrate metabolism and inefficient antioxidant defense in droughted pistils, and the effects of DS on pistil carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidant defense were more significant for drought-sensitive cultivars than drought-tolerant cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Yanjun Huang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Hua Bai
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, MO, 64468, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hu W, Huang Y, Loka DA, Bai H, Liu Y, Wang S, Zhou Z. Drought-induced disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism in anthers and male abortion of two Gossypium hirsutum cultivars differing in drought tolerance. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:195-206. [PMID: 31680208 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02483-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cotton pollen abortion, under drought stress, was closely associated with changes in anther carbohydrate metabolism, and pollen abortion rate due to drought was higher in drought-sensitive cultivars than drought-tolerant cultivars. Cotton reproductive failure under drought stress is intrinsically connected with altered male fertility, however, studies investigating the effect of drought stress on cotton male fertility are nonexistent. Thus, a drought stress experiment was conducted with two cotton cultivars, differing in drought tolerance, to study pollen fertility and anthers' physiology. Results indicated that drought stress reduced pollen fertility of both cultivars due to decreases in anther starch and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. Lower assimilate supply capacity in conjunction with impaired activities of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and soluble starch synthase were the main reasons for the decreased starch levels in drought-stressed anthers. The decreased activities of sucrose synthetase and acid invertase were responsible for the higher sucrose level in drought-stressed anthers than well-watered anthers and the changing trend of sucrose was intensified by the decreased expressions of sucrose synthase genes (GhSusA, GhSusB, GhSusD) and acid invertase genes (GhINV1, GhINV2). However, despite sucrose degradation being limited in drought-stressed anthers, glucose level was higher in droughted anthers than well-watered ones, and that might be attributed to the down-regulated respiration since decreased anther ATP levels were detected in drought-stressed plants. Furthermore, compared to the drought-tolerant cultivar, pollen fertility was more suppressed by drought stress for the drought-sensitive cultivar, and that was attributed to the larger decrease in starch and ATP contents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Huang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dimitra A Loka
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization, 41335, Larissa, Greece
| | - Hua Bai
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, MO, 64468, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Arnaoudova Y, Arnaoudov B. SCREENING CAPSICUM GENOTYPES FOR INCREASED DROUGHT TOLERANCE BY IN VITRO POLLEN GERMINATION AND
POLLEN TUBE LENGTH. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.15547/tjs.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Yield realizing in vegetable crops depends on several reproductive processes that include pollen fertility as well as pollen tubes germination and growth. The study was conducted as the pollen characteristics fertility and viability were used, as well as the productivity for evaluation of drought tolerance in four pepper genotypes Capsicum annuum L. From the conducted cytological analyses was found that decreasing the water standard with 50% exert negative influence over the male gametophyte and the pollen fertility decreases with up to 37.4% average. More sensitive to drought showed to be the plants from both cultivars Pazardzhishka kapia and Albena, in which lower productivity and lower restorable potential were found in comparison with those found in the mutant lines No.1936 and No.1917. Increased tolerance showed the male gametophyte of line No.1936. After a drought in it were found the highest values for pollen viability – 33.4% average pollen germination and 438.7µm pollen tubes length which was with proven mathematical difference compared with the rest of the genotypes. These results showed that pollen fertility analyses and pollen viability analyses in drought plants could be used for evaluation of the drought tolerance.
Collapse
|
25
|
Li J, Zhang J, Li H, Niu H, Xu Q, Jiao Z, An J, Jiang Y, Li Q, Niu J. The Major Factors Causing the Microspore Abortion of Genic Male Sterile Mutant NWMS1 in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246252. [PMID: 31835796 PMCID: PMC6940770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Male sterility is a valuable trait for genetic research and production application of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). NWMS1, a novel typical genic male sterility mutant, was obtained from Shengnong 1, mutagenized with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). Microstructure and ultrastructure observations of the anthers and microspores indicated that the pollen abortion of NWMS1 started at the early uninucleate microspore stage. Pollen grain collapse, plasmolysis, and absent starch grains were the three typical characteristics of the abnormal microspores. The anther transcriptomes of NWMS1 and its wild type Shengnong 1 were compared at the early anther development stage, pollen mother cell meiotic stage, and binucleate microspore stage. Several biological pathways clearly involved in abnormal anther development were identified, including protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, starch and sucrose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction. There were 20 key genes involved in the abnormal anther development, screened out by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), including SKP1B, BIP5, KCS11, ADH3, BGLU6, and TIFY10B. The results indicated that the defect in starch and sucrose metabolism was the most important factor causing male sterility in NWMS1. Based on the experimental data, a primary molecular regulation model of abnormal anther and pollen developments in mutant NWMS1 was established. These results laid a solid foundation for further research on the molecular mechanism of wheat male sterility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junchang Li
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.L.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.); (Z.J.); (J.A.); (Y.J.); (Q.L.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.L.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.); (Z.J.); (J.A.); (Y.J.); (Q.L.)
| | - Huijuan Li
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.L.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.); (Z.J.); (J.A.); (Y.J.); (Q.L.)
| | - Hao Niu
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China;
| | - Qiaoqiao Xu
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.L.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.); (Z.J.); (J.A.); (Y.J.); (Q.L.)
| | - Zhixin Jiao
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.L.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.); (Z.J.); (J.A.); (Y.J.); (Q.L.)
| | - Junhang An
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.L.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.); (Z.J.); (J.A.); (Y.J.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yumei Jiang
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.L.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.); (Z.J.); (J.A.); (Y.J.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qiaoyun Li
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.L.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.); (Z.J.); (J.A.); (Y.J.); (Q.L.)
| | - Jishan Niu
- National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.L.); (J.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.); (Z.J.); (J.A.); (Y.J.); (Q.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0371-56990186
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Han Y, Gao Y, Zhao Y, Zhang D, Zhao C, Xin F, Zhu T, Jian M, Ding Q, Ma L. Energy metabolism involved in fertility of the wheat TCMS line YS3038. PLANTA 2019; 250:2159-2171. [PMID: 31628536 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the wheat TCMS line YS3038, the anther development is inhibited from late uninucleate stage to the binucleate stage. The disruption of energy metabolism pathways by aberrant transcriptional regulation causes the male sterility under low temperatures. The utilization of thermosensitive male sterile (TMS) lines provides a basis for two-line breeding. Previous work, including morphological and cytological observations, has shown that the development process of the TMS line YS3038 is inhibited from the late uninucleate stage to the binucleate stage. Transcriptomics studies could now help to elucidate the overall expression of related genes in a specific reproductive process, revealing the metabolic network and its regulatory mechanism of the reproductive process from the transcription level. Considering the fertility characteristics of YS3038, three important stages for transcriptome analysis were determined to be the early uninucleate, late uninucleate and binucleate stages. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was found to be highest in the binucleate stage, and most were related to energy metabolism. Quantitative PCR analysis of selected genes related to energy metabolism revealed that their expression patterns were consistent with the sequencing results. Analysis of the fertility mechanism of YS3038 showed that although the tapetum of anthers was degraded in advance of the tetrad stage, the development of microspores did not result in obvious abnormalities until the binucleate stage, because the genes involved in energy metabolism pathways, including starch and sucrose metabolism (SSM), glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and respiration electron transport chain are differentially expressed under sterile and fertile conditions. Therefore, the pollen in YS3038 was sterile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yucui Han
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Yujie Gao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Dazhong Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Fang Xin
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Mingyang Jian
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Qin Ding
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China.
| | - Lingjian Ma
- College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hu W, Liu Y, Loka DA, Zahoor R, Wang S, Zhou Z. Drought limits pollen tube growth rate by altering carbohydrate metabolism in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) pistils. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 286:108-117. [PMID: 31300136 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that drought stress (DS) reduces cotton yield by negatively affecting reproductive activities. Some studies have investigated the effects of DS on pollen physiology and biochemistry, but studies exploring the impact of drought on pistil biochemistry and its relationship with pollen tube growth rates in vivo are scarce. In order to investigate these objectives, a greenhouse study was conducted with a drought sensitive cotton cultivar, Yuzaomian 9110. Two water treatments were imposed at flowering stage, 1. control, where plants were irrigated with optimum quantity of water and 2. DS treatment, where plants were irrigated with 50% of the optimum quantity of water. Results indicated that stored starch content at the early stage of pollen tube growth (12:00 h) was 31.6% lower in drought-stressed pistils than control pistils, and it was highly correlated with pollen tube growth rate. The decline in starch accumulation of drought-stressed pistils could be attributed to the impeded transport of photosynthetic carbon assimilates. Moreover, decreased ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and soluble starch synthase activities also resulted in curtailing starch accumulation in drought-stressed pistils. Furthermore, pistil sucrose concentration was significantly higher in droughted plants relative to control plants at 12:00 and 18:00 h (during the rapid growth period), which was due to lower activities of sucrose synthase and acid invertase, and the down-regulated expressions of sucrose synthase genes, GhSusA, GhSusB and GhSusD, and acid invertase genes, GhINV1 and GhINV2, in drought-stressed pistils, limiting as a result the hydrolysis of sucrose into hexose. Drought-stressed pistils sampled at 18:00 h had lower α-amylase activity compared to control pistils, resulting in decreased starch decomposition, which, in conjunction with the decreased hydrolysis of sucrose, led to lower glucose and fructose contents in drought-stressed pistils at 18:00 h. Finally, lower pyruvate level in drought-stressed pistils could not produce enough acetyl-CoA in the tricarboxylic acid cycle to yield sufficient energy (ATP) for pollen tube growth. We conclude that DS disrupts the carbohydrate balance of pistil, reducing as a consequence carbon and energy supply for pollen tube elongation in the style, which will ultimately result in reproductive failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China
| | - Dimitra A Loka
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization, Larisa 41335, Greece
| | - Rizwan Zahoor
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub-Campus Depalpur, Okara 38040, Pakistan
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sun L, Sui X, Lucas WJ, Li Y, Feng S, Ma S, Fan J, Gao L, Zhang Z. Down-regulation of the Sucrose Transporter CsSUT1 Causes Male Sterility by Altering Carbohydrate Supply. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:986-997. [PMID: 30967482 PMCID: PMC6548282 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In plants, male sterility is an important agronomic trait, especially in hybrid crop production. Many factors are known to affect crop male sterility, but it remains unclear whether Suc transporters (SUTs) participate directly in this process. Here, we identified and functionally characterized the cucumber (Cucumis sativus) CsSUT1, a typical plasma membrane-localized energy-dependent high-affinity Suc-H+ symporter. CsSUT1 is expressed in male flowers and encodes a protein that is localized primarily in the tapetum, pollen, and companion cells of the phloem of sepals, petals, filaments, and pedicel. The male flowers of CsSUT1-RNA interference (RNAi) lines exhibited a decrease in Suc, hexose, and starch content, relative to those of the wild type, during the later stages of male flower development, a finding that was highly associated with male sterility. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that numerous genes associated with sugar metabolism, transport, and signaling, as well as with auxin signaling, were down-regulated, whereas most myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factor genes were up-regulated in these CsSUT1-RNAi lines relative to wild type. Our findings demonstrate that male sterility can be induced by RNAi-mediated down-regulation of CsSUT1 expression, through the resultant perturbation in carbohydrate delivery and subsequent alteration in sugar and hormone signaling and up-regulation of specific MYB transcription factors. This knowledge provides a new approach for bioengineering male sterility in crop plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaolei Sui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - William J Lucas
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Yaxin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sheng Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Si Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingwei Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lihong Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenxian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shen S, Ma S, Liu Y, Liao S, Li J, Wu L, Kartika D, Mock HP, Ruan YL. Cell Wall Invertase and Sugar Transporters Are Differentially Activated in Tomato Styles and Ovaries During Pollination and Fertilization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:506. [PMID: 31057596 PMCID: PMC6482350 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Flowering plants depend on pollination and fertilization to activate the transition from ovule to seed and ovary to fruit, namely seed and fruit set, which are key for completing the plant life cycle and realizing crop yield potential. These processes are highly energy consuming and rely on the efficient use of sucrose as the major nutrient and energy source. However, it remains elusive as how sucrose imported into and utilizated within the female reproductive organ is regulated in response to pollination and fertilization. Here, we explored this issue in tomato by focusing on genes encoding cell wall invertase (CWIN) and sugar transporters, which are major players in sucrose phloem unloading, and sink development. The transcript level of a major CWIN gene, LIN5, and CWIN activity were significantly increased in style at 4 h after pollination (HAP) in comparison with that in the non-pollination control, and this was sustained at 2 days after pollination (DAP). In the ovaries, however, CWIN activity and LIN5 expression did not increase until 2 DAP when fertilization occurred. Interestingly, a CWIN inhibitor gene INVINH1 was repressed in the pollinated style at 2 DAP. In response to pollination, the style exhibited increased expressions of genes encoding hexose transporters, SlHT1, 2, SlSWEET5b, and sucrose transporters SlSUT1, 2, and 4 from 4 HAP to 2 DAP. Upon fertilization, SlSUT1 and SlHT1 and 2, but not SlSWEETs, were also stimulated in fruitlets at 2 DAP. Together, the findings reveal that styles respond promptly and more broadly to pollination for activation of CWIN and sugar transporters to fuel pollen tube elongation, whereas the ovaries do not exhibit activation for some of these genes until fertilization occurs. HIGHLIGHTS Expression of genes encoding cell wall invertases and sugar transporters was stimulated in pollinated style and fertilized ovaries in tomato.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Shen
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Si Ma
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghua Liu
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shengjin Liao
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Jun Li
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Limin Wu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Dewi Kartika
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yu J, Jiang M, Guo C. Crop Pollen Development under Drought: From the Phenotype to the Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1550. [PMID: 30925673 PMCID: PMC6479728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought stress induced pollen sterility is a harmful factor that reduces crop yield worldwide. During the reproductive process, the meiotic stage and the mitotic stage in anthers are both highly vulnerable to water deficiency. Drought at these stages causes pollen sterility by affecting the nature and structure of the anthers, including the degeneration of some meiocytes, disorientated microspores, an expanded middle layer and abnormal vacuolizated tapeta. The homeostasis of the internal environment is imbalanced in drought-treated anthers, involving the decreases of gibberellic acid (GA) and auxin, and the increases of abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Changes in carbohydrate availability, metabolism and distribution may be involved in the effects of drought stress at the reproductive stages. Here, we summarize the molecular regulatory mechanism of crop pollen development under drought stresses. The meiosis-related genes, sugar transporter genes, GA and ABA pathway genes and ROS-related genes may be altered in their expression in anthers to repair the drought-induced injures. It could also be that some drought-responsive genes, mainly expressed in the anther, regulate the expression of anther-related genes to improve both drought tolerance and anther development. A deepened understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanism of pollen development under stress will be beneficial for breeding drought-tolerant crops with high and stable yield under drought conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Mengyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Changkui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Metabolic Alterations in Male-Sterile Potato as Compared to Male-Fertile. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9020024. [PMID: 30717245 PMCID: PMC6409681 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The common potato, Solanum tuberosum L., is the fourth most important agricultural crop worldwide. Until recently, vegetative propagation by tubers has been the main method of potato cultivation. A shift of interest to sexual potato reproduction by true botanical seeds is due to the appearance of a new hybrid seed breeding strategy whose successful application for many crop species has been supported by male sterility. This investigation was focused on the study of differences in the metabolite profiles of anthers at the mature pollen stage from male-fertile and male-sterile genotypes of S. tuberosum. Application of gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometry method allowed detection of metabolic profiles for 192 compounds. Further data analysis with several libraries fully identified 75 metabolites; a similar amount was defined up to the classes. Metabolic profiles in the anthers of fertile genotypes were significantly distinguished from male-sterile ones by the accumulation of carbohydrates, while the anthers of sterile genotypes contained a higher amount of amino acids. In comparison with male-fertile plants, male-sterile genotypes had undeveloped pollen grain characters; i.e., smaller grain size, a thicker exine, “permanent tetrads” that failed to disintegrate into microspores, and the absence of pollen apertures that might be due to a disorder in the metabolism of carbohydrates and fatty acids.
Collapse
|
32
|
Hatzig SV, Nuppenau JN, Snowdon RJ, Schießl SV. Drought stress has transgenerational effects on seeds and seedlings in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:297. [PMID: 30470194 PMCID: PMC6251133 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress has a negative effect on both seed yield and seed quality in Brassica napus (oilseed rape, canola). Here we show that while drought impairs the maternal plant performance, it also increases the vigour of progeny of stressed maternal plants. We investigated the transgenerational influence of abiotic stress by detailed analysis of yield, seed quality, and seedling performance on a growth-related and metabolic level. Seeds of eight diverse winter oilseed rape genotypes were generated under well-watered and drought stress conditions under controlled-environment conditions in large plant containers. RESULTS We found a decrease in seed quality in seeds derived from mother plants that were exposed to drought stress. At the same time, the seeds that developed under stress conditions showed higher seedling vigour compared to non-stressed controls.This effect on seed quality and seedling vigour was found to be independent of maternal plant yield performance. CONCLUSIONS Drought stress has a positive transgenerational effect on seedling vigour. Three potential causes for stress-induced improvement of seedling vigour are discussed: (1) Heterotic effects caused by a tendency towards a higher outcrossing rate in response to stress; (2) an altered reservoir of seed storage metabolites to which the seedling resorts during early growth, and (3) inter-generational stress memory, formed by stress-induced changes in the epigenome of the seedling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V. Hatzig
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jan-Niklas Nuppenau
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rod J. Snowdon
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sarah V. Schießl
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tiedge K, Lohaus G. Nectar Sugar Modulation and Cell Wall Invertases in the Nectaries of Day- and Night- Flowering Nicotiana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:622. [PMID: 29868078 PMCID: PMC5954170 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nectar composition varies between species, depending on flowering time and pollinator type, among others. Various models of the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying nectar production and secretion have been proposed. To gain insights into these mechanisms, day- and night-flowering tobacco (Nicotiana) species with high or low proportions of hexoses in the nectar were analyzed. Nectar and nectaries were simultaneously collected, throughout the day and night. Soluble sugars and starch were determined and the activity and expression level of cell wall invertase (CW-INVs) were measured in nectaries. Nectaries and nectar of the five Nicotiana species contained different amounts of sucrose, glucose, and fructose. CW-INV activity was detected in the nectaries of all Nicotiana species and is probably involved in the hydrolysis of sucrose in the nectary tissue and during nectar secretion. The larger differences in the sucrose-to-hexose-ratio between nectaries and nectar in diurnal species compared to nocturnal species can be explained by higher sucrose cleavage within the nectaries in night-flowering species, and during secretion in day-flowering species. However, cell wall invertase alone cannot be responsible for the differences in sugar concentrations. Within the nectaries of the Nicotiana species, a portion of the sugars is transiently stored as starch. In general, night-flowering species showed higher starch contents in the nectaries compared to day-flowering species. Moreover, in night flowering species, the starch content decreased during the first half of the dark period, when nectar production peaks. The sucrose concentrations in the cytoplasm of nectarial cells were extrapolated from nectary sucrose contents. In day-flowering species, the sucrose concentration in the nectary cytoplasm was about twice as high as in nectar, whereas in night-flowering species the situation was the opposite, which implies different secretion mechanisms. The secreted nectar sugars remained stable for the complete flower opening period, which indicates that post-secretory modification is unlikely. On the basis of these results, we present an adapted model of the mechanisms underlying the secretion of nectar sugars in day- and night-flowering Nicotiana.
Collapse
|
34
|
Kovaleva LV, Voronkov AS, Zakharova EV, Andreev IM. ABA and IAA control microsporogenesis in Petunia hybrida L. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:751-759. [PMID: 29134282 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The formation of fertile male gametophyte is known to require timely degeneration of polyfunctional tapetum tissue. The last process caused by the programmed cell death (PCD) is a part of the anther program maturation which leads to sequential anther tissue destruction coordinated with pollen differentiation. In the present work, distribution of abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in developing anthers of male-fertile and male-sterile lines of petunia (Petunia hybrida L.) was analyzed by using the immunohistochemical method. It was established that the development of fertile male gametophyte was accompanied by monotonous elevation of ABA and IAA levels in reproductive cells and, in contrast, their monotonous lowering in tapetum cells and the middle layers. Abortion of microsporocytes in the meiosis prophase in the sterile line caused by premature tapetum degeneration along with complete maintenance of the middle layers was accompanied by dramatic, twofold elevation in the levels of both the phytohormones in reproductive cells. The data obtained allowed us to conclude that at the meiosis stage ABA and IAA are involved in the PCD of microsporocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L V Kovaleva
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - A S Voronkov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
- State Humanitarian-Technological University, Zelenaya St. 22, Orekhovo-Zuyevo, 142611, Russia
| | - E V Zakharova
- Russian State Agrarian University-Agricultural Academy named by Timiryazev, Timiryazevskaya St. 49, Moscow, 127550, Russia
| | - I M Andreev
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen P, Li R, Zhou R. Comparative phosphoproteomic analysis reveals differentially phosphorylated proteins regulate anther and pollen development in kenaf cytoplasmic male sterility line. Amino Acids 2018; 50:841-862. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2564-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
36
|
Browne RG, Iacuone S, Li SF, Dolferus R, Parish RW. Anther Morphological Development and Stage Determination in Triticum aestivum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:228. [PMID: 29527219 PMCID: PMC5829449 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Anther development progresses through 15 distinct developmental stages in wheat, and accurate determination of anther developmental stages is essential in anther and pollen studies. A detailed outline of the development of the wheat anther through its entire developmental program, including the 15 distinct morphological stages, is presented. In bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), anther developmental stages were correlated with five measurements, namely auricle distance, spike length, spikelet length, anther length and anther width. Spike length and auricle distance were shown to be suitable for rapid anther staging within cultivars. Anther length is an accurate measurement in determining anther stages and may be applicable for use between cultivars. Tapetal Programmed Cell Death (PCD) in wheat begins between late tetrad stage (stage 8) and the early young microspore stage (stage 9) of anther development. Tapetal PCD continues until the vacuolate pollen stage (stage 11), at which point the tapetum fully degrades. The timing of tapetal PCD initiation is slightly delayed compared to that in rice, but is two stages earlier than in the model dicot Arabidopsis. The MYB80 gene, which encodes a transcription factor regulating the timing of tapetal PCD, reaches its peak expression at the onset of tapetal PCD in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard G. Browne
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, Centre for Agribioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Sylvana Iacuone
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, Centre for Agribioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Polytechnic, Epping, VIC, Australia
| | - Song F. Li
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, Centre for Agribioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Rudy Dolferus
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Roger W. Parish
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, Centre for Agribioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yang K, Zhou X, Wang Y, Feng H, Ren X, Liu H, Liu W. Carbohydrate metabolism and gene regulation during anther development in an androdioecious tree, Tapiscia sinensis. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 120:967-977. [PMID: 28961748 PMCID: PMC5710524 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Tapiscia sinensis (Tapisciaceae) is a functional androdioecious species with both male and hermaphroditic individuals, and fruit ripening overlaps with flowering in the hermaphroditic individuals. Pollen vitality was lower in the hermaphrodites than in the males. Anther development requires nutrients, and carbohydrates are the basic nutrients; abnormal carbohydrate metabolism will result in pollen abortion. The aim of this research was to gain insight into the relationship between carbohydrate metabolism and the weakening of the male function of hermaphroditic flowers in T. sinensis. METHODS Observation of morphology and microscopic and sub-microscopic structures was carried out. Sugar measurements and quantitative real-time PCR analysis were performed for the genes related to sugar metabolism and transport in the development of anthers in both males and hermaphrodites. The expression pattern of Cell wall invertase 2 (CWI2) and Sucrose transporter 2 (ST2) was explored by in situ hybridization. KEY RESULTS At the vacuolate microspore (VM) stage, polysaccharides accumulated in the connective tissue of the hermaphroditic anthers, and the levels of total soluble sugar, sucrose and starch in the hermaphroditic anthers were significantly lower than in the male anthers. Most of the hermaphroditic pollen grains were empty, with degradation of the cytoplasm, absence of an intine layer and defective exines. There was a significant differential expression between male and hermaphroditic flowers of several key genes that are involved in sugar metabolism, transport and intine development. CWI2 and ST2 were expressed in the tapetum and microspores. The expression of CWI2 was significantly lower in hermaphrodites than in the males. CONCLUSIONS Fruit ripening overlaps with flowering, leading to a severe reproductive burden on the hermaphroditic individuals. The hermaphroditic flowers regulating carbohydrate metabolism and transport to affect resources are biased towards the female function to ensure reproduction, causing a deficiency in resources for the development of pollen; thus, the pollen viability is lower. This makes it easier for males to invade the hermaphroditic population and form a functional androdioecious breeding system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- School of Life Sciences, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China
| | - Yueyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hualing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaolong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huidong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenzhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- For correspondence. E-mail
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sun W, Hui Xu X, Lu X, Xie L, Bai B, Zheng C, Sun H, He Y, Xie XZ. The Rice Phytochrome Genes, PHYA and PHYB, Have Synergistic Effects on Anther Development and Pollen Viability. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6439. [PMID: 28743949 PMCID: PMC5527001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06909-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochromes are the main plant photoreceptors regulating multiple developmental processes. However, the regulatory network of phytochrome-mediated plant reproduction has remained largely unexplored. There are three phytochromes in rice, phyA, phyB and phyC. No changes in fertility are observed in the single mutants, whereas the seed-setting rate of the phyA phyB double mutant is significantly reduced. Histological and cytological analyses showed that the reduced fertility of the phyA phyB mutant was due to defects in both anther and pollen development. The four anther lobes in the phyA phyB mutant were developed at different stages with fewer pollen grains, most of which were aborted. At the mature stage, more than one lobe in the double mutant was just consisted of several cell layers. To identify genes involved in phytochrome-mediated anther development, anther transcriptomes of phyA, phyB and phyA phyB mutants were compared to that of wild-type rice respectively. Analysis of 2,241 double-mutant-specific differentially expressed transcripts revealed that the metabolic profiles, especially carbohydrate metabolism, were altered greatly, and heat-shock responses were activated in the double mutant. This study firstly provides valuable insight into the complex regulatory networks underlying phytochrome-mediated anther and pollen development in plants, and offers novel clues for hybrid rice breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Shandong Rice Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, 250100, China
| | - Xiao Hui Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Ji'nan, 250100, China
| | - Xingbo Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Ji'nan, 250100, China
| | - Lixia Xie
- Shandong Rice Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, 250100, China
| | - Bo Bai
- Shandong Rice Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, 250100, China
| | - Chongke Zheng
- Shandong Rice Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, 250100, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Ji'nan, 250100, China
| | - Yanan He
- Shandong Rice Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, 250100, China
| | - Xian-Zhi Xie
- Shandong Rice Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, 250100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dong B, Zheng X, Liu H, Able JA, Yang H, Zhao H, Zhang M, Qiao Y, Wang Y, Liu M. Effects of Drought Stress on Pollen Sterility, Grain Yield, Abscisic Acid and Protective Enzymes in Two Winter Wheat Cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1008. [PMID: 28676806 PMCID: PMC5476748 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress induced pollen sterility is a detrimental factor reducing grain number in wheat. Exploring the mechanisms underlying pollen fertility under drought conditions could assist breeding high-yielding wheat cultivars with stress tolerance. Here, by using two Chinese wheat cultivars subjected to different levels of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced drought stress, possible links between pollen fertility and stress tolerance were analyzed under different levels of drought stress at the young microspore stage. In both cultivars, higher grain number reduction was observed under condition of lower water availability. Overall, the drought tolerant cultivar (Jinmai47) exhibited less grain number reduction than the drought sensitive cultivar (Shiluan02-1) under all stress conditions. Compared with Shiluan02-1, Jinmai47 exhibited superior physiological performance in terms of leaf photosynthetic rate, ear carbohydrate accumulation, pollen sink strength, pollen development and fertility under stress. Moreover, Jinmai47 showed a lower increase in endogenous abscisic acid in ears than Shiluan02-1. Furthermore, higher levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities were also found in the drought tolerant cultivar Jinmai47 under PEG stress, compared with the drought sensitive cultivar Shiluan02-1. Changes in these physiological traits could contribute to better pollen development and male fertility, ultimately leading to the maintenance of grain number under drought stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baodi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hebei Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hebei Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang, China
| | - Haipei Liu
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, AdelaideSA, Australia
| | - Jason A. Able
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, AdelaideSA, Australia
| | - Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hebei Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hebei Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hebei Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunzhou Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hebei Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang, China
| | - Yakai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hebei Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hebei Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhou X, Liu Z, Ji R, Feng H. Comparative transcript profiling of fertile and sterile flower buds from multiple-allele-inherited male sterility in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis). Mol Genet Genomics 2017; 292:967-990. [PMID: 28492984 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-017-1324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We studied the underlying causes of multiple-allele-inherited male sterility in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis) by identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to pollen sterility between fertile and sterile flower buds. In this work, we verified the stages of sterility microscopically and then performed transcriptome analysis of mRNA isolated from fertile and sterile buds using Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform sequencing. Approximately 80% of ~229 million high-quality paired-end reads were uniquely mapped to the reference genome. In sterile buds, 699 genes were significantly up-regulated and 4096 genes were down-regulated. Among the DEGs, 28 pollen cell wall-related genes, 54 transcription factor genes, 45 phytohormone-related genes, 20 anther and pollen-related genes, 212 specifically expressed transcripts, and 417 DEGs located on linkage group A07 were identified. Six transcription factor genes BrAMS, BrMS1, BrbHLH089, BrbHLH091, BrAtMYB103, and BrANAC025 were identified as putative sterility-related genes. The weak auxin signal that is regulated by BrABP1 may be one of the key factors causing pollen sterility observed here. Moreover, several significantly enriched GO terms such as "cell wall organization or biogenesis" (GO:0071554), "intrinsic to membrane" (GO:0031224), "integral to membrane" (GO:0016021), "hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds" (GO:0016788), and one significantly enriched pathway "starch and sucrose metabolism" (ath00500) were identified in this work. qRT-PCR, PCR, and in situ hybridization experiments validated our RNA-seq transcriptome analysis as accurate and reliable. This study will lay the foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanism(s) that underly sterility and provide valuable information for studying multiple-allele-inherited male sterility in the Chinese cabbage line 'AB01'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqin Ji
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ma J, Li R, Wang H, Li D, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhen W, Duan H, Yan G, Li Y. Transcriptomics Analyses Reveal Wheat Responses to Drought Stress during Reproductive Stages under Field Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:592. [PMID: 28484474 PMCID: PMC5399029 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major abiotic stress that limits wheat production worldwide. To ensure food security for the rapidly increasing world population, improving wheat yield under drought stress is urgent and relevant. In this study, an RNA-seq analysis was conducted to study the effect of drought on wheat transcriptome changes during reproductive stages under field conditions. Our results indicated that drought stress during early reproductive periods had a more severe impact on wheat development, gene expression and yield than drought stress during flowering. In total, 115,656 wheat genes were detected, including 309 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) which responded to drought at various developmental stages. These DEGs were involved in many critical processes including floral development, photosynthetic activity and stomatal movement. At early developmental stages, the proteins of drought-responsive DEGs were mainly located in the nucleus, peroxisome, mitochondria, plasma membrane and chloroplast, indicating that these organelles play critical roles in drought tolerance in wheat. Furthermore, the validation of five DEGs confirmed their responsiveness to drought under different genetic backgrounds. Functional verification of DEGs of interest will occur in our subsequent research. Collectively, the results of this study not only advanced our understanding of wheat transcriptome changes under drought stress during early reproductive stages but also provided useful targets to manipulate drought tolerance in wheat at different development stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Faculty of Science, School of Plant Biology, The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia
| | - Ruiqi Li
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding, China
| | - Hongguang Wang
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding, China
| | - Xingyi Wang
- Faculty of Science, School of Plant Biology, The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia
| | - Yuechen Zhang
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding, China
| | - Wenchao Zhen
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding, China
| | - Huijun Duan
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding, China
| | - Guijun Yan
- Faculty of Science, School of Plant Biology, The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia
| | - Yanming Li
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gol L, Tomé F, von Korff M. Floral transitions in wheat and barley: interactions between photoperiod, abiotic stresses, and nutrient status. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1399-1410. [PMID: 28431134 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The timing of plant reproduction has a large impact on yield in crop plants. Reproductive development in temperate cereals comprises two major developmental transitions. During spikelet initiation, the identity of the shoot meristem switches from the vegetative to the reproductive stage and spikelet primordia are formed on the apex. Subsequently, floral morphogenesis is initiated, a process strongly affected by environmental variation. Recent studies in cereal grasses have suggested that this later phase of inflorescence development controls floret survival and abortion, and is therefore crucial for yield. Here, we provide a synthesis of the early morphological and the more recent genetic studies on shoot development in wheat and barley. The review explores how photoperiod, abiotic stress, and nutrient signalling interact with shoot development, and pinpoints genetic factors that mediate development in response to these environmental cues. We anticipate that research in these areas will be important in understanding adaptation of cereal grasses to changing climate conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Gol
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Filipa Tomé
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences 'From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules', D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria von Korff
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences 'From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules', D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Overview of Methods for Assessing Salinity and Drought Tolerance of Transgenic Wheat Lines. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1679:83-95. [PMID: 28913795 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7337-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Salinity and drought are interconnected, causing phenotypic, physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes in a cell. These stresses are the major factors adversely affecting growth and productivity in cereals. Genetic engineering methods have advanced to enable development of genotypes with improved salinity and drought tolerance. The resulting transgenic plant produces a group of progenies which includes moderate to high-stress tolerant transgenic lines. Development of reproducible screening methods to identify high-stress tolerant germplasm under laboratory, greenhouse, or field conditions is must. Further, field level demonstration of improved phenotypes and yield under salinity and drought stress conditions is both challenging and expensive. Fast and efficient screening techniques that could be used to screen transgenic lines under greenhouse conditions, for salt and drought stress tolerance, may contribute toward the identification of promising lines for field conditions. This chapter provides information on various approaches which can be developed during different stages of plant development for selecting salinity and drought tolerant plants in cereals, especially wheat.
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang S, Zhang Y, Song Q, Fang Z, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhang L, Niu N, Ma S, Wang J, Yao Y, Hu Z, Zhang G. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Causes Oxidative Stress and Tapetal Apoptosis in Chemical Hybridization Reagent-Induced Male Sterility in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2217. [PMID: 29367855 PMCID: PMC5767846 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Male sterility in plants has been strongly linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Chemical hybridization agent (CHA)-induced male sterility is an important tool in crop heterosis. Therefore, it is important to better understand the relationship between mitochondria and CHA-induced male sterility in wheat. This study reports on the impairment of mitochondrial function duo to CHA-SQ-1, which occurs by decreasing cytochrome oxidase and adenosine triphosphate synthase protein levels and theirs activities, respiratory rate, and in turn results in the inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disruption of the alternative oxidase pathway. Subsequently, excessive ROS combined with MnSOD defects results in damage to the mitochondrial membrane, followed by ROS release into the cytoplasm. The microspores underwent severe oxidative stress during pollen development. Furthermore, chronic oxidative stress, together with the overexpression of type II metacaspase, triggered premature tapetal apoptosis, which resulted in pollen abortion. Accordingly, we propose a metabolic pathway for mitochondrial-mediated male sterility in wheat, which provides information on the molecular events underlying CHA-SQ-1-induced abortion of anthers and may serve as an additional guide to the practical application of hybrid breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology and Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Agronomy, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Gaisheng Zhang, Shuping Wang,
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qilu Song
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology and Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
| | - Zhengwu Fang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Agronomy, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology and Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
| | - Yamin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology and Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology and Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Na Niu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology and Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
| | - Shoucai Ma
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology and Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology and Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
| | - Yaqin Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zanmin Hu
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gaisheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology and Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Gaisheng Zhang, Shuping Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Smith AR, Zhao D. Sterility Caused by Floral Organ Degeneration and Abiotic Stresses in Arabidopsis and Cereal Grains. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1503. [PMID: 27790226 PMCID: PMC5064672 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural floral organ degeneration or abortion results in unisexual or fully sterile flowers, while abiotic stresses lead to sterility after initiation of floral reproductive organs. Since normal flower development is essential for plant sexual reproduction and crop yield, it is imperative to have a better understanding of plant sterility under regular and stress conditions. Here, we review the functions of ABC genes together with their downstream genes in floral organ degeneration and the formation of unisexual flowers in Arabidopsis and several agriculturally significant cereal grains. We further explore the roles of hormones, including auxin, brassinosteroids, jasmonic acid, gibberellic acid, and ethylene, in floral organ formation and fertility. We show that alterations in genes affecting hormone biosynthesis, hormone transport and perception cause loss of stamens/carpels, abnormal floral organ development, poor pollen production, which consequently result in unisexual flowers and male/female sterility. Moreover, abiotic stresses, such as heat, cold, and drought, commonly affect floral organ development and fertility. Sterility is induced by abiotic stresses mostly in male floral organ development, particularly during meiosis, tapetum development, anthesis, dehiscence, and fertilization. A variety of genes including those involved in heat shock, hormone signaling, cold tolerance, metabolisms of starch and sucrose, meiosis, and tapetum development are essential for plants to maintain normal fertility under abiotic stress conditions. Further elucidation of cellular, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms about regulation of fertility will improve yield and quality for many agriculturally valuable crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dazhong Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, MilwaukeeWI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Visscher AM, Belfield EJ, Vlad D, Irani N, Moore I, Harberd NP. Overexpressing the Multiple-Stress Responsive Gene At1g74450 Reduces Plant Height and Male Fertility in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140368. [PMID: 26485022 PMCID: PMC4619001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A subset of genes in Arabidopsis thaliana is known to be up-regulated in response to a wide range of different environmental stress factors. However, not all of these genes are characterized as yet with respect to their functions. In this study, we used transgenic knockout, overexpression and reporter gene approaches to try to elucidate the biological roles of five unknown multiple-stress responsive genes in Arabidopsis. The selected genes have the following locus identifiers: At1g18740, At1g74450, At4g27652, At4g29780 and At5g12010. Firstly, T-DNA insertion knockout lines were identified for each locus and screened for altered phenotypes. None of the lines were found to be visually different from wildtype Col-0. Secondly, 35S-driven overexpression lines were generated for each open reading frame. Analysis of these transgenic lines showed altered phenotypes for lines overexpressing the At1g74450 ORF. Plants overexpressing the multiple-stress responsive gene At1g74450 are stunted in height and have reduced male fertility. Alexander staining of anthers from flowers at developmental stage 12-13 showed either an absence or a reduction in viable pollen compared to wildtype Col-0 and At1g74450 knockout lines. Interestingly, the effects of stress on crop productivity are most severe at developmental stages such as male gametophyte development. However, the molecular factors and regulatory networks underlying environmental stress-induced male gametophytic alterations are still largely unknown. Our results indicate that the At1g74450 gene provides a potential link between multiple environmental stresses, plant height and pollen development. In addition, ruthenium red staining analysis showed that At1g74450 may affect the composition of the inner seed coat mucilage layer. Finally, C-terminal GFP fusion proteins for At1g74450 were shown to localise to the cytosol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Visscher
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Eric J Belfield
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Vlad
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Niloufer Irani
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Moore
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas P Harberd
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bac-Molenaar JA, Fradin EF, Becker FFM, Rienstra JA, van der Schoot J, Vreugdenhil D, Keurentjes JJB. Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Fertility Reduction upon Heat Stress Reveals Developmental Stage-Specific QTLs in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:1857-74. [PMID: 26163573 PMCID: PMC4531356 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
For crops that are grown for their fruits or seeds, elevated temperatures that occur during flowering and seed or fruit set have a stronger effect on yield than high temperatures during the vegetative stage. Even short-term exposure to heat can have a large impact on yield. In this study, we used Arabidopsis thaliana to study the effect of short-term heat exposure on flower and seed development. The impact of a single hot day (35°C) was determined in more than 250 natural accessions by measuring the lengths of the siliques along the main inflorescence. Two sensitive developmental stages were identified, one before anthesis, during male and female meiosis, and one after anthesis, during fertilization and early embryo development. In addition, we observed a correlation between flowering time and heat tolerance. Genome-wide association mapping revealed four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) strongly associated with the heat response. These QTLs were developmental stage specific, as different QTLs were detected before and after anthesis. For a number of QTLs, T-DNA insertion knockout lines could validate assigned candidate genes. Our findings show that the regulation of complex traits can be highly dependent on the developmental timing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna A Bac-Molenaar
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emilie F Fradin
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank F M Becker
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Juriaan A Rienstra
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J van der Schoot
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Vreugdenhil
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost J B Keurentjes
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Guo Z, Chen D, Schnurbusch T. Variance components, heritability and correlation analysis of anther and ovary size during the floral development of bread wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:3099-111. [PMID: 25821074 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Anther and ovary development play an important role in grain setting, a crucial factor determining wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield. One aim of this study was to determine the heritability of anther and ovary size at different positions within a spikelet at seven floral developmental stages and conduct a variance components analysis. Relationships between anther and ovary size and other traits were also assessed. The thirty central European winter wheat genotypes used in this study were based on reduced height (Rht) and photoperiod sensitivity (Ppd) genes with variable genetic backgrounds. Identical experimental designs were conducted in a greenhouse and field simultaneously. Heritability of anther and ovary size indicated strong genetic control. Variance components analysis revealed that anther and ovary sizes of floret 3 (i.e. F3, the third floret from the spikelet base) and floret 4 (F4) were more sensitive to the environment compared with those in floret 1 (F1). Good correlations were found between spike dry weight and anther and ovary size in both greenhouse and field, suggesting that anther and ovary size are good predictors of each other, as well as spike dry weight in both conditions. Relationships between spike dry weight and anther and ovary size at F3/4 positions were stronger than at F1, suggesting that F3/4 anther and ovary size are better predictors of spike dry weight. Generally, ovary size showed a closer relationship with spike dry weight than anther size, suggesting that ovary size is a more reliable predictor of spike dry weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Guo
- DFG-HEISENBERG Research Group Plant Architecture, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Dijun Chen
- Research Group Image Analysis, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schnurbusch
- DFG-HEISENBERG Research Group Plant Architecture, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Li J, Han S, Ding X, He T, Dai J, Yang S, Gai J. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis between the Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line NJCMS1A and Its Maintainer NJCMS1B in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126771. [PMID: 25985300 PMCID: PMC4436259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utilization of soybean heterosis is probably one of the potential approaches in future yield breakthrough as was the situation in rice breeding in China. Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) plays an important role in the production of hybrid seeds. However, the molecular mechanism of CMS in soybean remains unclear. RESULTS The comparative transcriptome analysis between cytoplasmic male sterile line NJCMS1A and its near-isogenic maintainer NJCMS1B in soybean was conducted using Illumina sequencing technology. A total of 88,643 transcripts were produced in Illumina sequencing. Then 56,044 genes were obtained matching soybean reference genome. Three hundred and sixty five differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between NJCMS1A and NJCMS1B were screened by threshold, among which, 339 down-regulated and 26 up-regulated in NJCMS1A compared to in NJCMS1B. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation showed that 242 DEGs were annotated to 19 functional categories. Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) annotation showed that 265 DEGs were classified into 19 categories. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that 46 DEGs were assigned to 33 metabolic pathways. According to functional and metabolic pathway analysis combined with reported literatures, the relations between some key DEGs and the male sterility of NJCMS1A were discussed. qRT-PCR analysis validated that the gene expression pattern in RNA-Seq was reliable. Finally, enzyme activity assay showed that energy supply was decreased in NJCMS1A compared to in NJCMS1B. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that the male sterility of NJCMS1A might be related to the disturbed functions and metabolism pathways of some key DEGs, such as DEGs involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolism, transcription factors, regulation of pollen development, elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cellular signal transduction, and programmed cell death (PCD) etc. Future research will focus on cloning and transgenic function validation of possible candidate genes associated with soybean CMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaohuai Han
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianlong Ding
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting He
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinying Dai
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shouping Yang
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junyi Gai
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General), National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Shemesh-Mayer E, Ben-Michael T, Rotem N, Rabinowitch HD, Doron-Faigenboim A, Kosmala A, Perlikowski D, Sherman A, Kamenetsky R. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) fertility: transcriptome and proteome analyses provide insight into flower and pollen development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:271. [PMID: 25972879 PMCID: PMC4411974 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Commercial cultivars of garlic, a popular condiment, are sterile, making genetic studies and breeding of this plant challenging. However, recent fertility restoration has enabled advanced physiological and genetic research and hybridization in this important crop. Morphophysiological studies, combined with transcriptome and proteome analyses and quantitative PCR validation, enabled the identification of genes and specific processes involved in gametogenesis in fertile and male-sterile garlic genotypes. Both genotypes exhibit normal meiosis at early stages of anther development, but in the male-sterile plants, tapetal hypertrophy after microspore release leads to pollen degeneration. Transcriptome analysis and global gene-expression profiling showed that >16,000 genes are differentially expressed in the fertile vs. male-sterile developing flowers. Proteome analysis and quantitative comparison of 2D-gel protein maps revealed 36 significantly different protein spots, 9 of which were present only in the male-sterile genotype. Bioinformatic and quantitative PCR validation of 10 candidate genes exhibited significant expression differences between male-sterile and fertile flowers. A comparison of morphophysiological and molecular traits of fertile and male-sterile garlic flowers suggests that respiratory restrictions and/or non-regulated programmed cell death of the tapetum can lead to energy deficiency and consequent pollen abortion. Potential molecular markers for male fertility and sterility in garlic are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Einat Shemesh-Mayer
- Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Institute of Plant ScienceBet Dagan, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot, Israel
| | - Tomer Ben-Michael
- Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Institute of Plant ScienceBet Dagan, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot, Israel
| | - Neta Rotem
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot, Israel
| | - Haim D. Rabinowitch
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Institute of Plant ScienceBet Dagan, Israel
| | - Arkadiusz Kosmala
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of SciencesPoznan, Poland
| | - Dawid Perlikowski
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of SciencesPoznan, Poland
| | - Amir Sherman
- Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Institute of Plant ScienceBet Dagan, Israel
| | - Rina Kamenetsky
- Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Institute of Plant ScienceBet Dagan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|