1
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Luna-García V, Bernal Gallardo JJ, Rethoret-Pasty M, Pasha A, Provart NJ, de Folter S. A high-resolution gene expression map of the medial and lateral domains of the gynoecium of Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:410-429. [PMID: 38088205 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Angiosperms are characterized by the formation of flowers, and in their inner floral whorl, one or various gynoecia are produced. These female reproductive structures are responsible for fruit and seed production, thus ensuring the reproductive competence of angiosperms. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the gynoecium is composed of two fused carpels with different tissues that need to develop and differentiate to form a mature gynoecium and thus the reproductive competence of Arabidopsis. For these reasons, they have become the object of study for floral and fruit development. However, due to the complexity of the gynoecium, specific spatio-temporal tissue expression patterns are still scarce. In this study, we used precise laser-assisted microdissection and high-throughput RNA sequencing to describe the transcriptional profiles of the medial and lateral domain tissues of the Arabidopsis gynoecium. We provide evidence that the method used is reliable and that, in addition to corroborating gene expression patterns of previously reported regulators of these tissues, we found genes whose expression dynamics point to being involved in cytokinin and auxin homeostasis and in cell cycle progression. Furthermore, based on differential gene expression analyses, we functionally characterized several genes and found that they are involved in gynoecium development. This resource is available via the Arabidopsis eFP browser and will serve the community in future studies on developmental and reproductive biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentín Luna-García
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato CP 36824, Guanajuato, México
| | - Judith Jazmin Bernal Gallardo
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato CP 36824, Guanajuato, México
| | - Martin Rethoret-Pasty
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
- Polytech Nice Sophia, Université Côte d'Azur, 930 Rte des Colles, 06410 Biot, France
| | - Asher Pasha
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Provart
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Stefan de Folter
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato CP 36824, Guanajuato, México
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2
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Jiang Y, Curran-French S, Koh SWH, Jamil I, Gu B, Argirò L, Lopez SG, Martins C, Saalbach G, Moubayidin L. O-glycosylation of the transcription factor SPATULA promotes style development in Arabidopsis. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:283-299. [PMID: 38278950 PMCID: PMC10881398 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) and O-fucose are two sugar-based post-translational modifications whose mechanistic role in plant signalling and transcriptional regulation is still largely unknown. Here we investigated how two O-glycosyltransferase enzymes of Arabidopsis thaliana, SPINDLY (SPY) and SECRET AGENT (SEC), promote the activity of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor SPATULA (SPT) during morphogenesis of the plant female reproductive organ apex, the style. SPY and SEC modify amino-terminal residues of SPT in vivo and in vitro by attaching O-fucose and O-GlcNAc, respectively. This post-translational regulation does not impact SPT homo- and heterodimerization events, although it enhances the affinity of SPT for the kinase PINOID gene locus and its transcriptional repression. Our findings offer a mechanistic example of the effect of O-GlcNAc and O-fucose on the activity of a plant transcription factor and reveal previously unrecognized roles for SEC and SPY in orchestrating style elongation and shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Jiang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Samuel W H Koh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Iqra Jamil
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Benguo Gu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Luca Argirò
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Sergio G Lopez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Carlo Martins
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Gerhard Saalbach
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Laila Moubayidin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK.
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3
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Feng YY, Du H, Huang KY, Ran JH, Wang XQ. Reciprocal expression of MADS-box genes and DNA methylation reconfiguration initiate bisexual cones in spruce. Commun Biol 2024; 7:114. [PMID: 38242964 PMCID: PMC10799047 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05786-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The naturally occurring bisexual cone of gymnosperms has long been considered a possible intermediate stage in the origin of flowers, but the mechanisms governing bisexual cone formation remain largely elusive. Here, we employed transcriptomic and DNA methylomic analyses, together with hormone measurement, to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying bisexual cone development in the conifer Picea crassifolia. Our study reveals a "bisexual" expression profile in bisexual cones, especially in expression patterns of B-class, C-class and LEAFY genes, supporting the out of male model. GGM7 could be essential for initiating bisexual cones. DNA methylation reconfiguration in bisexual cones affects the expression of key genes in cone development, including PcDAL12, PcDAL10, PcNEEDLY, and PcHDG5. Auxin likely plays an important role in the development of female structures of bisexual cones. This study unveils the potential mechanisms responsible for bisexual cone formation in conifers and may shed light on the evolution of bisexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Kai-Yuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jin-Hua Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xiao-Quan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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4
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Herrera-Ubaldo H, Campos SE, López-Gómez P, Luna-García V, Zúñiga-Mayo VM, Armas-Caballero GE, González-Aguilera KL, DeLuna A, Marsch-Martínez N, Espinosa-Soto C, de Folter S. The protein-protein interaction landscape of transcription factors during gynoecium development in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:260-278. [PMID: 36088536 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flowers are composed of organs whose identity is defined by the combinatorial activity of transcription factors (TFs). The interactions between MADS-box TFs and protein complex formation have been schematized in the floral quartet model of flower development. The gynoecium is the flower's female reproductive part, crucial for fruit and seed production and, hence, for reproductive success. After the establishment of carpel identity, many tissues arise to form a mature gynoecium. TFs have been described as regulators of gynoecium development, and some interactions and complexes have been identified. However, broad knowledge about the interactions among these TFs and their participation during development remains scarce. In this study, we used a systems biology approach to understand the formation of a complex reproductive unit-as the gynoecium-by mapping binary interactions between well-characterized TFs. We analyzed almost 4500 combinations and detected more than 250 protein-protein interactions (PPIs), resulting in a process-specific interaction map. Topological analyses suggest hidden functions and novel roles for many TFs. In addition, we observed a close relationship between TFs involved in auxin and cytokinin-signaling pathways and other TFs. Furthermore, we analyzed the network by combining PPI data, expression, and genetic data, which helped us to dissect it into several dynamic spatio-temporal subnetworks related to gynoecium development processes. Finally, we generated an extended PPI network that predicts new players in gynoecium development. Taken together, all these results serve as a valuable resource for the plant community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Herrera-Ubaldo
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, México
| | - Sergio E Campos
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, México
| | - Pablo López-Gómez
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, México
| | - Valentín Luna-García
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, México
| | - Víctor M Zúñiga-Mayo
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, México
| | - Gerardo E Armas-Caballero
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, México
| | - Karla L González-Aguilera
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, México
| | - Alexander DeLuna
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, México
| | - Nayelli Marsch-Martínez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Unidad Irapuato, CINVESTAV-IPN, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, México
| | - Carlos Espinosa-Soto
- Instituto de Física, Universidad de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78290, México
| | - Stefan de Folter
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, México.
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5
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Zúñiga-Mayo VM, Durán-Medina Y, Marsch-Martínez N, de Folter S. Hormones and Flower Development in Arabidopsis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2686:111-127. [PMID: 37540356 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3299-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Sexual reproduction requires the participation of two gametes, female and male. In angiosperms, gametes develop in specialized organs, pollen (containing the male gametes) develops in the stamens, and the ovule (containing the female gamete) develops in the gynoecium. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the female and male sexual organs are found within the same structure called flower, surrounded by the perianth, which is composed of petals and sepals. During flower development, different organs emerge in an established order and throughout their development distinct tissues within each organ are differentiated. All this requires the coordination and synchronization of several biological processes. To achieve this, hormones and genes work together. These components can interact at different levels generating hormonal interplay and both positive and negative feedback loops, which in turn, gives robustness, stability, and flexibility to flower development. Here, we summarize the progress made on elucidating the role of different hormonal pathways during flower development in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Zúñiga-Mayo
- CONACyT - Postgrado en Fitosanidad-Fitopatología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Montecillo, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Durán-Medina
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Nayelli Marsch-Martínez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Stefan de Folter
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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6
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Liu J, Ghelli R, Cardarelli M, Geisler M. Arabidopsis TWISTED DWARF1 regulates stamen elongation by differential activation of ABCB1,19-mediated auxin transport. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4818-4831. [PMID: 35512423 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite clear evidence that a local accumulation of auxin is likewise critical for male fertility, much less is known about the components that regulate auxin-controlled stamen development. In this study, we analyzed physiological and morphological parameters in mutants of key players of ABCB-mediated auxin transport, and spatially and temporally dissected their expression on the protein level as well as auxin fluxes in the Arabidopsis stamens. Our analyses revealed that the FKBP42, TWISTED DWARF1 (TWD1), promotes stamen elongation and, to a lesser extent, anther dehiscence, as well as pollen maturation, and thus is required for seed development. Most of the described developmental defects in twd1 are shared with the abcb1 abcb19 mutant, which can be attributed to the fact that TWD1-as a described ABCB chaperone-is a positive regulator of ABCB1- and ABCB19-mediated auxin transport. However, reduced stamen number was dependent on TWD1 but not on investigated ABCBs, suggesting additional players downstream of TWD1. We predict an overall housekeeping function for ABCB1 during earlier stages, while ABCB19 seems to be responsible for the key event of rapid elongation at later stages of stamen development. Our data indicate that TWD1 controls stamen development by differential activation of ABCB1,19-mediated auxin transport in the stamen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- University of Fribourg, Department of Biology, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Ghelli
- IBPM-CNR, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Maura Cardarelli
- IBPM-CNR, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Markus Geisler
- University of Fribourg, Department of Biology, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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7
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Yu SX, Jiang YT, Lin WH. Ovule initiation: the essential step controlling offspring number in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1469-1486. [PMID: 35713236 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed is the offspring of angiosperms. Plants produce large numbers of seeds to ensure effective reproduction and survival in varying environments. Ovule is a fundamentally important organ and is the precursor of the seed. In Arabidopsis and other plants characterized by multi-ovulate ovaries, ovule initiation determines the maximal ovule number, thus greatly affecting seed number per fruit and seed yield. Investigating the regulatory mechanism of ovule initiation has both scientific and economic significance. However, the genetic and molecular basis underlying ovule initiation remains unclear due to technological limitations. Very recently, rules governing the multiple ovules initiation from one placenta have been identified, the individual functions and crosstalk of phytohormones in regulating ovule initiation have been further characterized, and new regulators of ovule boundary are reported, therefore expanding the understanding of this field. In this review, we present an overview of current knowledge in ovule initiation and summarize the significance of ovule initiation in regulating the number of plant offspring, as well as raise insights for the future study in this field that provide potential routes for the improvement of crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xia Yu
- The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yu-Tong Jiang
- The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wen-Hui Lin
- The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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8
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Hu LQ, Chang JH, Yu SX, Jiang YT, Li RH, Zheng JX, Zhang YJ, Xue HW, Lin WH. PIN3 positively regulates the late initiation of ovule primordia in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010077. [PMID: 35245283 PMCID: PMC8896676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovule initiation determines the maximum ovule number and has great impact on seed number and yield. However, the regulation of ovule initiation remains largely elusive. We previously reported that most of the ovule primordia initiate asynchronously at floral stage 9 and PINFORMED1 (PIN1) polarization and auxin distribution contributed to this process. Here, we further demonstrate that a small amount of ovule primordia initiate at floral stage 10 when the existing ovules initiated at floral stage 9 start to differentiate. Genetic analysis revealed that the absence of PIN3 function leads to the reduction in pistil size and the lack of late-initiated ovules, suggesting PIN3 promotes the late ovule initiation process and pistil growth. Physiological analysis illustrated that, unlike picloram, exogenous application of NAA can’t restore these defective phenotypes, implying that PIN3-mediated polar auxin transport is required for the late ovule initiation and pistil length. qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression of SEEDSTICK (STK) is up-regulated under auxin analogues treatment while is down-regulated in pin3 mutants. Meanwhile, overexpressing STK rescues pin3 phenotypes, suggesting STK participates in PIN3-mediated late ovule initiation possibly by promoting pistil growth. Furthermore, brassinosteroid influences the late ovule initiation through positively regulating PIN3 expression. Collectively, this study demonstrates that PIN3 promotes the late ovule initiation and contributes to the extra ovule number. Our results give important clues for increasing seed number and yield of cruciferous and leguminous crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qin Hu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Hui Chang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Xia Yu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Tong Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong-Han Li
- Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Xuan Zheng
- Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Jie Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Wei Xue
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Hui Lin
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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9
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Niu H, Wang H, Zhao B, He J, Yang L, Ma X, Cao J, Li Z, Shen J. Exogenous auxin-induced ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION 2 (ESR2) enhances femaleness of cucumber via activating CsACS2 gene. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab085. [PMID: 35048108 PMCID: PMC9039497 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a model for the study of sex differentiation in the last two decades. In cucumber, sex differentiation is mainly controlled by genetic material, but plant growth regulators can also influence or even change it. However, the effect of exogenous auxin application on cucumber sex differentiation is mostly limited in physiological level. In this study, we explored the effects of different exogenous auxin concentrations on the varieties with different mutant sex-controlling genotypes and found that there was a dosage effect of exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on the enhancement of cucumber femaleness. Several ACC synthetase (ACS) family members could directly respond to the induction of exogenous IAA to improve endogenous ethylene synthesis, and this process can be independent on the previously identified sex-related ACC oxidase CsACO2. We further demonstrated that ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION 2 (ESR2), responding to the induction of exogenous auxin, could directly activate CsACS2 expression by combining the ERE cis-acting element regions in the promoter, and then increase endogenous ethylene content, which may induce femaleness. These findings reveal that exogenous auxin improves cucumber femaleness via inducing sex-controlling gene and promoting ethylene synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Bosi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Luming Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiongfeng Ma
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiajian Cao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Nonda Road 1, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Junjun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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10
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Gonçalves B. Case not closed: the mystery of the origin of the carpel. EvoDevo 2021; 12:14. [PMID: 34911578 PMCID: PMC8672599 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-021-00184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The carpel is a fascinating structure that plays a critical role in flowering plant reproduction and contributed greatly to the evolutionary success and diversification of flowering plants. The remarkable feature of the carpel is that it is a closed structure that envelopes the ovules and after fertilization develops into the fruit which protects, helps disperse, and supports seed development into a new plant. Nearly all plant-based foods are either derived from a flowering plant or are a direct product of the carpel. Given its importance it's no surprise that plant and evolutionary biologists have been trying to explain the origin of the carpel for a long time. Before carpel evolution seeds were produced on open leaf-like structures that are exposed to the environment. When the carpel evolved in the stem lineage of flowering plants, seeds became protected within its closed structure. The evolutionary transition from that open precursor to the closed carpel remains one of the greatest mysteries of plant evolution. In recent years, we have begun to complete a picture of what the first carpels might have looked like. On the other hand, there are still many gaps in our understanding of what the precursor of the carpel looked like and what changes to its developmental mechanisms allowed for this evolutionary transition. This review aims to present an overview of existing theories of carpel evolution with a particular emphasis on those that account for the structures that preceded the carpel and/or present testable developmental hypotheses. In the second part insights from the development and evolution of diverse plant organs are gathered to build a developmental hypothesis for the evolutionary transition from a hypothesized laminar open structure to the closed structure of the carpel.
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Ding B, Li J, Gurung V, Lin Q, Sun X, Yuan YW. The leaf polarity factors SGS3 and YABBYs regulate style elongation through auxin signaling in Mimulus lewisii. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:2191-2206. [PMID: 34449905 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Style length is a major determinant of breeding strategies in flowering plants and can vary dramatically between and within species. However, little is known about the genetic and developmental control of style elongation. We characterized the role of two classes of leaf adaxial-abaxial polarity factors, SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING3 (SGS3) and the YABBY family transcription factors, in the regulation of style elongation in Mimulus lewisii. We also examined the spatiotemporal patterns of auxin response during style development. Loss of SGS3 function led to reduced style length via limiting cell division, and downregulation of YABBY genes by RNA interference resulted in shorter styles by decreasing both cell division and cell elongation. We discovered an auxin response minimum between the stigma and ovary during the early stages of pistil development that marks style differentiation. Subsequent redistribution of auxin response to this region was correlated with style elongation. Auxin response was substantially altered when both SGS3 and YABBY functions were disrupted. We suggest that auxin signaling plays a central role in style elongation and that the way in which auxin signaling controls the different cell division and elongation patterns underpinning natural style length variation is a major question for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqing Ding
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Jingjian Li
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Vandana Gurung
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Qiaoshan Lin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Xuemei Sun
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology of Vegetables, Qinghai University, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Yao-Wu Yuan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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12
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The Rab Geranylgeranyl Transferase Beta Subunit Is Essential for Embryo and Seed Development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157907. [PMID: 34360673 PMCID: PMC8347404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin is a key regulator of plant development affecting the formation and maturation of reproductive structures. The apoplastic route of auxin transport engages influx and efflux facilitators from the PIN, AUX and ABCB families. The polar localization of these proteins and constant recycling from the plasma membrane to endosomes is dependent on Rab-mediated vesicular traffic. Rab proteins are anchored to membranes via posttranslational addition of two geranylgeranyl moieties by the Rab Geranylgeranyl Transferase enzyme (RGT), which consists of RGTA, RGTB and REP subunits. Here, we present data showing that seed development in the rgtb1 mutant, with decreased vesicular transport capacity, is disturbed. Both pre- and post-fertilization events are affected, leading to a decrease in seed yield. Pollen tube recognition at the stigma and its guidance to the micropyle is compromised and the seed coat forms incorrectly. Excess auxin in the sporophytic tissues of the ovule in the rgtb1 plants leads to an increased tendency of autonomous endosperm formation in unfertilized ovules and influences embryo development in a maternal sporophytic manner. The results show the importance of vesicular traffic for sexual reproduction in flowering plants, and highlight RGTB1 as a key component of sporophytic-filial signaling.
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13
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Coordination of biradial-to-radial symmetry and tissue polarity by HD-ZIP II proteins. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4321. [PMID: 34262040 PMCID: PMC8280177 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24550-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Symmetry establishment is a critical process in the development of multicellular organs and requires careful coordination of polarity axes while cells actively divide within tissues. Formation of the apical style in the Arabidopsis gynoecium involves a bilateral-to-radial symmetry transition, a stepwise process underpinned by the dynamic distribution of the plant morphogen auxin. Here we show that SPATULA (SPT) and the HECATE (HEC) bHLH proteins mediate the final step in the style radialisation process and synergistically control the expression of adaxial-identity genes, HOMEOBOX ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA 3 (HAT3) and ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX 4 (ATHB4). HAT3/ATHB4 module drives radialisation of the apical style by promoting basal-to-apical auxin flow and via a negative feedback mechanism that finetune auxin distribution through repression of SPT expression and cytokinin sensitivity. Thus, this work reveals the molecular basis of axes-coordination and hormonal cross-talk during the sequential steps of symmetry transition in the Arabidopsis style. The apical style in Arabidopsis is formed following a bilateral-to-radial symmetry transition in the gynoecium. Here the authors show that the final step in style radialization is coordinated by the adaxial regulators HAT3 and ATHB4, which are induced by the SPT and HEC transcription factors.
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Gómez-Felipe A, Kierzkowski D, de Folter S. The Relationship between AGAMOUS and Cytokinin Signaling in the Establishment of Carpeloid Features. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050827. [PMID: 33919177 PMCID: PMC8143136 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gynoecium development is dependent on gene regulation and hormonal pathway interactions. The phytohormones auxin and cytokinin are involved in many developmental programs, where cytokinin is normally important for cell division and meristem activity, while auxin induces cell differentiation and organ initiation in the shoot. The MADS-box transcription factor AGAMOUS (AG) is important for the development of the reproductive structures of the flower. Here, we focus on the relationship between AG and cytokinin in Arabidopsis thaliana, and use the weak ag-12 and the strong ag-1 allele. We found that cytokinin induces carpeloid features in an AG-dependent manner and the expression of the transcription factors CRC, SHP2, and SPT that are involved in carpel development. AG is important for gynoecium development, and contributes to regulating, or else directly regulates CRC, SHP2, and SPT. All four genes respond to either reduced or induced cytokinin signaling and have the potential to be regulated by cytokinin via the type-B ARR proteins. We generated a model of a gene regulatory network, where cytokinin signaling is mainly upstream and in parallel with AG activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gómez-Felipe
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-Langebio), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato CP 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Kierzkowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Biology Research Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada;
| | - Stefan de Folter
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-Langebio), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato CP 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-462-166-3000
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15
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Cucinotta M, Cavalleri A, Chandler JW, Colombo L. Auxin and Flower Development: A Blossoming Field. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a039974. [PMID: 33355218 PMCID: PMC7849340 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of the species-specific floral organ body plan involves many coordinated spatiotemporal processes, which include the perception of positional information that specifies floral meristem and floral organ founder cells, coordinated organ outgrowth coupled with the generation and maintenance of inter-organ and inter-whorl boundaries, and the termination of meristem activity. Auxin is integrated within the gene regulatory networks that control these processes and plays instructive roles at the level of tissue-specific biosynthesis and polar transport to generate local maxima, perception, and signaling. Key features of auxin function in several floral contexts include cell nonautonomy, interaction with cytokinin gradients, and the central role of MONOPTEROS and ETTIN to regulate canonical and noncanonical auxin response pathways, respectively. Arabidopsis flowers are not representative of the enormous angiosperm floral diversity; therefore, comparative studies are required to understand how auxin underlies these developmental differences. It will be of great interest to compare the conservation of auxin pathways among flowering plants and to discuss the evolutionary role of auxin in floral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Cucinotta
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alex Cavalleri
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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16
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Yu SX, Zhou LW, Hu LQ, Jiang YT, Zhang YJ, Feng SL, Jiao Y, Xu L, Lin WH. Asynchrony of ovule primordia initiation in Arabidopsis. Development 2020; 147:226107. [PMID: 33234714 PMCID: PMC7774900 DOI: 10.1242/dev.196618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Plant ovule initiation determines the maximum of ovule number and has a great impact on the seed number per fruit. The detailed processes of ovule initiation have not been accurately described, although two connected processes, gynoecium and ovule development, have been investigated. Here, we report that ovules initiate asynchronously. The first group of ovule primordia grows out, the placenta elongates, the boundaries of existing ovules enlarge and a new group of primordia initiates from the boundaries. The expression pattern of different marker genes during ovule development illustrates that this asynchronicity continues throughout whole ovule development. PIN-FORMED1 polar distribution and auxin response maxima correlate with ovule primordia asynchronous initiation. We have established computational modeling to show how auxin dynamics influence ovule primordia initiation. Brassinosteroid signaling positively regulates ovule number by promoting placentae size and ovule primordia initiation through strengthening auxin response. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrates numerous known regulators of ovule development and hormone signaling, and many new genes are identified that are involved in ovule development. Taken together, our results illustrate that the ovule primordia initiate asynchronously and the hormone signals are involved in the asynchrony. Summary: Ovule primordia initiation, which determines the maximum ovule number and subsequent seed number in Arabidopsis, is asynchronous and is regulated by PIN1 polar distribution and the auxin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xia Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lv-Wen Zhou
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Li-Qin Hu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yu-Tong Jiang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan-Jie Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shi-Liang Feng
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yuling Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Xu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen-Hui Lin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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17
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Liu J, Zhou R, Wang W, Wang H, Qiu Y, Raman R, Mei D, Raman H, Hu Q. A copia-like retrotransposon insertion in the upstream region of the SHATTERPROOF1 gene, BnSHP1.A9, is associated with quantitative variation in pod shattering resistance in oilseed rape. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5402-5413. [PMID: 32525990 PMCID: PMC7501816 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Seed loss resulting from pod shattering is a major constraint in production of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying pod shatter resistance are not well understood. Here, we show that the pod shatter resistance at quantitative trait locus qSRI.A9.1 is controlled by one of the B. napus SHATTERPROOF1 homologs, BnSHP1.A9, in a doubled haploid population generated from parents designated R1 and R2 as well as in a diverse panel of oilseed rape. The R1 maternal parental line of the doubled haploid population carried the allele for shattering at qSRI.A9.1, while the R2 parental line carried the allele for shattering resistance. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that BnSHP1.A9 was expressed specifically in flower buds, flowers, and developing siliques in R1, while it was not expressed in any tissue of R2. Transgenic plants constitutively expressing either of the BnSHP1.A9 alleles from the R1 and R2 parental lines showed that both alleles are responsible for pod shattering, via a mechanism that promotes lignification of the enb layer. These findings indicated that the allelic differences in the BnSHP1.A9 gene per se are not the causal factor for quantitative variation in shattering resistance at qSRI.A9.1. Instead, a highly methylated copia-like long terminal repeat retrotransposon insertion (4803 bp) in the promotor region of the R2 allele of BnSHP1.A9 repressed the expression of BnSHP1.A9, and thus contributed to pod shatter resistance. Finally, we showed a copia-like retrotransposon-based marker, BnSHP1.A9R2, can be used for marker-assisted breeding targeting the pod shatter resistance trait in oilseed rape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Rijin Zhou
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yu Qiu
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, PMB, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Rosy Raman
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, PMB, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Desheng Mei
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Harsh Raman
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, PMB, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Qiong Hu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan Hubei, P.R. China
- Correspondence:
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18
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Reyes-Olalde JI, de Folter S. Control of stem cell activity in the carpel margin meristem (CMM) in Arabidopsis. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2019; 32:123-136. [PMID: 30671644 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-018-00359-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Overview of the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate meristem activity in the CMM compared to the SAM. Meristems are undifferentiated cells responsible for post-embryonic plant development. The meristems are able to form new organs continuously by carefully balancing between stem cell proliferation and cell differentiation. The plant stem cell niche in each meristem harbors the stem cells that are important to maintain each meristem. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) produces all above-parts of a plant and the molecular mechanisms active in the SAM are actively studied since many years, and models are available. During the reproductive phase of the plant, the inflorescence meristem gives rise to floral meristems, which give rise to the flowers. During floral development, the gynoecium forms that contains a new meristem inside, called the carpel margin meristem (CMM). In Arabidopsis, the gynoecium consists out of two fused carpels, where the CMM forms along the fused carpel margins. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms taking place in the CMM, and we discuss similarities and differences found in the SAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Irepan Reyes-Olalde
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), CP 36824, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
- Universidad Politécnica del Valle de Toluca, CP 50904, Almoloya de Juárez, Estado de México, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, CP 50180, Toluca, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Stefan de Folter
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), CP 36824, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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19
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Wang Y, Clevenger JP, Illa-Berenguer E, Meulia T, van der Knaap E, Sun L. A Comparison of sun, ovate, fs8.1 and Auxin Application on Tomato Fruit Shape and Gene Expression. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1067-1081. [PMID: 30753610 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Elongated tomato fruit shape is the result of the action of the fruit shape genes possibly in coordination with the phytohormone auxin. To investigate the possible link between auxin and the fruit shape genes, a series of auxin (2,4-D) treatments were performed on the wild-type and the fruit shape near-isogenic lines (NILs) in Solanum pimpinellifolium accession LA1589 background. Morphological and histological analyses indicated that auxin application approximately 3 weeks before anthesis led to elongated pear-shaped ovaries and fruits, which was mainly attributed to the increase of ovary/fruit proximal end caused by the increase of both cell number and cell size. Fruit shape changes caused by SUN, OVATE and fs8.1 were primarily due to the alterations of cell number along different growth axes. Particularly, SUN caused elongation by extending cell number along the entire proximal-distal axis, whereas OVATE caused fruit elongation in the proximal area, which was most similar to the effect of auxin on ovary shape. Expression analysis of flower buds at different stages in fruit shape NILs indicated that SUN had a stronger impact on the transcriptome than OVATE and fs8.1. The sun NIL differentially expressed genes were enriched in several biological processes, such as lipid metabolism, ion transmembrane and actin cytoskeleton organization. Additionally, SUN also shifted the expression of the auxin-related genes, including those involved in auxin biosynthesis, homeostasis, signal transduction and polar transport, indicating that SUN may regulate ovary/fruit shape through modifying the expression of auxin-related genes very early during the formation of the ovary in the developing flower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH, USA
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Josh P Clevenger
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH, USA
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, Mars Wrigley Confectionery, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Tea Meulia
- Department of Plant Pathology, Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center, The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Esther van der Knaap
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH, USA
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Liang Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University/OARDC, Wooster, OH, USA
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Schubert R, Dobritzsch S, Gruber C, Hause G, Athmer B, Schreiber T, Marillonnet S, Okabe Y, Ezura H, Acosta IF, Tarkowska D, Hause B. Tomato MYB21 Acts in Ovules to Mediate Jasmonate-Regulated Fertility. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:1043-1062. [PMID: 30894458 PMCID: PMC6533027 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The function of the plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) in the development of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) flowers was analyzed with a mutant defective in JA perception (jasmonate-insensitive1-1, jai1-1). In contrast with Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) JA-insensitive plants, which are male sterile, the tomato jai1-1 mutant is female sterile, with major defects in female development. To identify putative JA-dependent regulatory components, we performed transcriptomics on ovules from flowers at three developmental stages from wild type and jai1-1 mutants. One of the strongly downregulated genes in jai1-1 encodes the MYB transcription factor SlMYB21. Its Arabidopsis ortholog plays a crucial role in JA-regulated stamen development. SlMYB21 was shown here to exhibit transcription factor activity in yeast, to interact with SlJAZ9 in yeast and in planta, and to complement Arabidopsis myb21-5 To analyze SlMYB21 function, we generated clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) mutants and identified a mutant by Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes (TILLING). These mutants showed female sterility, corroborating a function of MYB21 in tomato ovule development. Transcriptomics analysis of wild type, jai1-1, and myb21-2 carpels revealed processes that might be controlled by SlMYB21. The data suggest positive regulation of JA biosynthesis by SlMYB21, but negative regulation of auxin and gibberellins. The results demonstrate that SlMYB21 mediates at least partially the action of JA and might control the flower-to-fruit transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Schubert
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Susanne Dobritzsch
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Cornelia Gruber
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Gerd Hause
- Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Biocenter, Electron Microscopy, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Benedikt Athmer
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Tom Schreiber
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Sylvestre Marillonnet
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Yoshihiro Okabe
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ivan F Acosta
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Danuse Tarkowska
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacky University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bettina Hause
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle, Germany
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21
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Zúñiga-Mayo VM, Gómez-Felipe A, Herrera-Ubaldo H, de Folter S. Gynoecium development: networks in Arabidopsis and beyond. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1447-1460. [PMID: 30715461 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Life has always found a way to preserve itself. One strategy that has been developed for this purpose is sexual reproduction. In land plants, the gynoecium is considered to be at the top of evolutionary innovation, since it has been a key factor in the success of the angiosperms. The gynoecium is composed of carpels with different tissues that need to develop and differentiate in the correct way. In order to control and guide gynoecium development, plants have adapted elements of pre-existing gene regulatory networks (GRNs) but new ones have also evolved. The GRNs can interact with internal factors (e.g. hormones and other metabolites) and external factors (e.g. mechanical signals and temperature) at different levels, giving robustness and flexibility to gynoecium development. Here, we review recent findings regarding the role of cytokinin-auxin crosstalk and the genes that connect these hormonal pathways during early gynoecium development. We also discuss some examples of internal and external factors that can modify GRNs. Finally, we make a journey through the flowering plant lineage to determine how conserved are these GRNs that regulate gynoecium and fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Zúñiga-Mayo
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Guanajuato, México
| | - Andrea Gómez-Felipe
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Guanajuato, México
| | - Humberto Herrera-Ubaldo
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Guanajuato, México
| | - Stefan de Folter
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Guanajuato, México
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22
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Shirley NJ, Aubert MK, Wilkinson LG, Bird DC, Lora J, Yang X, Tucker MR. Translating auxin responses into ovules, seeds and yield: Insight from Arabidopsis and the cereals. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:310-336. [PMID: 30474296 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Grain production in cereal crops depends on the stable formation of male and female gametes in the flower. In most angiosperms, the female gamete is produced from a germline located deep within the ovary, protected by several layers of maternal tissue, including the ovary wall, ovule integuments and nucellus. In the field, germline formation and floret fertility are major determinants of yield potential, contributing to traits such as seed number, weight and size. As such, stimuli affecting the timing and duration of reproductive phases, as well as the viability, size and number of cells within reproductive organs can significantly impact yield. One key stimulant is the phytohormone auxin, which influences growth and morphogenesis of female tissues during gynoecium development, gametophyte formation, and endosperm cellularization. In this review we consider the role of the auxin signaling pathway during ovule and seed development, first in the context of Arabidopsis and then in the cereals. We summarize the gene families involved and highlight distinct expression patterns that suggest a range of roles in reproductive cell specification and fate. This is discussed in terms of seed production and how targeted modification of different tissues might facilitate improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Shirley
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Matthew K Aubert
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Laura G Wilkinson
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Dayton C Bird
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Jorge Lora
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Xiujuan Yang
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Matthew R Tucker
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
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23
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Abstract
Multicellular organisms, such as plants, fungi, and animals, develop organs with specialized functions. Major challenges in developing such structures include establishment of polarity along three axes (apical-basal, medio-lateral, and dorso-ventral/abaxial-adaxial), specification of tissue types and their coordinated growth, and maintenance of communication between the organ and the entire organism. The gynoecium of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana embodies the female reproductive organ and has proven an excellent model system for studying organ establishment and development, given its division into different regions with distinct symmetries and highly diverse tissue types. Upon pollination, the gynoecium undergoes dramatic changes in morphology and developmental programming to form the seed-containing fruit. In this review, we wish to provide a detailed overview of the molecular and genetic mechanisms that are known to guide gynoecium and fruit development in A. thaliana. We describe networks of key genetic regulators and their interactions with hormonal dynamics in driving these developmental processes. The discoveries made to date clearly demonstrate that conclusions drawn from studying gynoecium and fruit development in flowering plants can be used to further our general understanding of organ formation across the plant kingdom. Importantly, this acquired knowledge is increasingly being used to improve fruit and seed crops, facilitated by the recent profound advances in genomics, cloning, and gene-editing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Simonini
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Østergaard
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom.
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24
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Ojangu EL, Ilau B, Tanner K, Talts K, Ihoma E, Dolja VV, Paves H, Truve E. Class XI Myosins Contribute to Auxin Response and Senescence-Induced Cell Death in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1570. [PMID: 30538710 PMCID: PMC6277483 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The integrity and dynamics of actin cytoskeleton is necessary not only for plant cell architecture but also for membrane trafficking-mediated processes such as polar auxin transport, senescence, and cell death. In Arabidopsis, the inactivation of actin-based molecular motors, class XI myosins, affects the membrane trafficking and integrity of actin cytoskeleton, and thus causes defective plant growth and morphology, altered lifespan and reduced fertility. To evaluate the potential contribution of class XI myosins to the auxin response, senescence and cell death, we followed the flower and leaf development in the triple gene knockout mutant xi1 xi2 xik (3KO) and in rescued line stably expressing myosin XI-K:YFP (3KOR). Assessing the development of primary inflorescence shoots we found that the 3KO plants produced more axillary branches. Exploiting the auxin-dependent reporters DR5::GUS and IAA2::GUS, a significant reduction in auxin responsiveness was found throughout the development of the 3KO plants. Examination of the flower development of the plants stably expressing the auxin transporter PIN1::PIN1-GFP revealed partial loss of PIN1 polarization in developing 3KO pistils. Surprisingly, the stable expression of PIN1::PIN1-GFP significantly enhanced the semi-sterile phenotype of the 3KO plants. Further we investigated the localization of myosin XI-K:YFP in the 3KOR floral organs and revealed its expression pattern in floral primordia, developing pistils, and anther filaments. Interestingly, the XI-K:YFP and PIN1::PIN1-GFP shared partially overlapping but distinct expression patterns throughout floral development. Assessing the foliar development of the 3KO plants revealed increased rosette leaf production with signs of premature yellowing. Symptoms of the premature senescence correlated with massive loss of chlorophyll, increased cell death, early plasmolysis of epidermal cells, and strong up-regulation of the stress-inducible senescence-associated gene SAG13 in 3KO plants. Simultaneously, the reduced auxin responsiveness and premature leaf senescence were accompanied by significant anthocyanin accumulation in 3KO tissues. Collectively, our results provide genetic evidences that Arabidopsis class XI myosins arrange the flower morphogenesis and leaf longevity via contributing to auxin responses, leaf senescence, and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve-Ly Ojangu
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Birger Ilau
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Krista Tanner
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kristiina Talts
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Eliis Ihoma
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Valerian V. Dolja
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Heiti Paves
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Erkki Truve
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
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25
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Takeda S, Ochiai K, Kagaya Y, Egusa W, Morimoto H, Sakazono S, Osaka M, Nabemoto M, Suzuki G, Watanabe M, Suwabe K. Abscisic acid-mediated developmental flexibility of stigmatic papillae in response to ambient humidity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genes Genet Syst 2018; 93:209-220. [PMID: 30473573 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.18-00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stigmatic papillae develop at the apex of the gynoecium and play an important role as a site of pollination. The papillae in Brassicaceae are of the dry and unicellular type, and more than 15,000 genes are expressed in the papillae; however, the molecular and physiological mechanisms of their development remain unknown. We found that the papillae in Arabidopsis thaliana change their length in response to altered ambient humidity: papillae of flowers incubated under high humidity elongated more than those under normal humidity conditions. Genetic analysis and transcriptome data suggest that an abscisic acid-mediated abiotic stress response mechanism regulates papilla length. Our data suggest a flexible regulation of papilla elongation at the post-anthesis stage, in response to abiotic stress, as an adaptation to environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Takeda
- Laboratory of Cell and Genome Biology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University.,Laboratory of Cell and Genome Biology, Biotechnology Research Department, Kyoto Prefectural Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries Technology Center
| | - Kohki Ochiai
- Laboratory of Cell and Genome Biology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University
| | - Yasuaki Kagaya
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics, Life Science Research Center, Mie University.,Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics, Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University
| | - Wataru Egusa
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Breeding, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University
| | - Hiroaki Morimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Breeding, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University
| | - Satomi Sakazono
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Masaaki Osaka
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Moe Nabemoto
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Go Suzuki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Division of Natural Science, Osaka Kyoiku University
| | - Masao Watanabe
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Keita Suwabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Breeding, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University
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26
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Andres-Robin A, Reymond MC, Dupire A, Battu V, Dubrulle N, Mouille G, Lefebvre V, Pelloux J, Boudaoud A, Traas J, Scutt CP, Monéger F. Evidence for the Regulation of Gynoecium Morphogenesis by ETTIN via Cell Wall Dynamics. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:1222-1232. [PMID: 30237208 PMCID: PMC6236608 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ETTIN (ETT) is an atypical member of the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR family of transcription factors that plays a crucial role in tissue patterning in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) gynoecium. Though recent insights have provided valuable information on ETT's interactions with other components of auxin signaling, the biophysical mechanisms linking ETT to its ultimate effects on gynoecium morphology were until now unknown. Here, using techniques to assess cell-wall dynamics during gynoecium growth and development, we provide a coherent body of evidence to support a model in which ETT controls the elongation of the valve tissues of the gynoecium through the positive regulation of pectin methylesterase (PME) activity in the cell wall. This increase in PME activity results in an increase in the level of demethylesterified pectins and a consequent reduction in cell wall stiffness, leading to elongation of the valves. Though similar biophysical mechanisms have been shown to act in the stem apical meristem, leading to the expansion of organ primordia, our findings demonstrate that regulation of cell wall stiffness through the covalent modification of pectin also contributes to tissue patterning within a developing plant organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Andres-Robin
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INRA, CNRS, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
| | - Mathieu C Reymond
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INRA, CNRS, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
| | - Antoine Dupire
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INRA, CNRS, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
| | - Virginie Battu
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INRA, CNRS, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
| | - Nelly Dubrulle
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INRA, CNRS, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
| | - Grégory Mouille
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, ERL3559 CNRS Bâtiment 1, INRA Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Route de St Cyr (RD 10), 78026 Versailles cedex, France
| | - Valérie Lefebvre
- EA3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- EA3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Arezki Boudaoud
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INRA, CNRS, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
| | - Jan Traas
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INRA, CNRS, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
| | - Charles P Scutt
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INRA, CNRS, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
| | - Françoise Monéger
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INRA, CNRS, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
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27
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Poulios S, Vlachonasios KE. Synergistic action of GCN5 and CLAVATA1 in the regulation of gynoecium development in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:593-608. [PMID: 30027613 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana the CLAVATA1 (CLV1) receptor and GENERAL CONTROL NON DEREPRESSIBLE 5 (GCN5) histone acetyltransferase both regulate inflorescence meristem size and affect the expression of the meristem-promoting transcription factor WUSCHEL (WUS). Single and multiple mutants of GCN5 and CLAVATA members, were analysed for their gynoecium development, using morphological, physiological, genetic and molecular approaches. The clv1-1gcn5-1 double mutants exhibited novel phenotypes including elongated gynoecia with reduced valves and enlarged stigma and style, indicating a synergistic action of CLAVATA signaling and GCN5 action in the development of the gynoecium. Reporter line and gene expression analysis showed that clv1-1gcn5-1 plants have altered auxin and cytokinin response, distribution and ectopic overexpression of WUS. WUS expression was found in the style of wild-type gynoecia stage 10-13, suggesting a possible novel role for WUS in the development of the style. CLV1 and GCN5 are regulators of apical-basal and mediolateral polarity of the Arabidopsis gynoecium. They affect gynoecium morphogenesis through the negative regulation of auxin biosynthesis and promotion of polar auxin transport. They also promote cytokinin signaling in the carpel margin meristem and negatively regulate it at the stigma. Finally, they synergistically suppress WUS at the centre of the gynoecium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Poulios
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Konstantinos E Vlachonasios
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
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28
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Lymperopoulos P, Msanne J, Rabara R. Phytochrome and Phytohormones: Working in Tandem for Plant Growth and Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1037. [PMID: 30100912 PMCID: PMC6072860 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Being sessile organisms, plants need to continually adapt and modulate their rate of growth and development in accordance with the changing environmental conditions, a phenomenon referred to as plasticity. Plasticity in plants is a highly complex process that involves a well-coordinated interaction between different signaling pathways, the spatiotemporal involvement of phytohormones and cues from the environment. Though research studies are being carried out over the years to understand how plants perceive the signals from changing environmental conditions and activate plasticity, such remain a mystery to be resolved. Among all environmental cues, the light seems to be the stand out factor influencing plant growth and development. During the course of evolution, plants have developed well-equipped signaling system that enables regulation of both quantitative and qualitative differences in the amount of perceived light. Light influences essential developmental switches in plants ranging from germination or transition to flowering, photomorphogenesis, as well as switches in response to shade avoidances and architectural changes occurring during phototropism. Abscisic acid (ABA) is controlling seed germination and is regulated by light. Furthermore, circadian clock adds another level of regulation to plant growth by integrating light signals with different hormonal pathways. MYB96 has been identified as a regulator of circadian gating of ABA-mediated responses in plants by binding to the TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1(TOC1) promoter. This review will present a representative regulatory model, highlight the successes achieved in employing novel strategies to dissect the levels of interaction and provide perspective for future research on phytochrome-phytohormones relationships toward facilitating plant growth, development, and function under abiotic-biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Msanne
- New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Roel Rabara
- New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, United States
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29
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Cheng Y, Zhang Y, Liu C, Ai P, Liu J. Identification of genes regulating ovary differentiation after pollination in hazel by comparative transcriptome analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:84. [PMID: 29739322 PMCID: PMC5941469 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hazel (Corylus spp.) exhibits ovary differentiation and development that is initiated from the ovary primordium after pollination, conferring the plant with a unique delayed fertilization. Failure of development of the ovary and ovule after pollination can lead to ovary abortion and blank fruit formation, respectively, with consequent yield loss. However, the genes involved in ovary and ovule differentiation and development are largely unknown. RESULTS In unpollinated pistillate inflorescences (stage F), the stigma shows an extension growth pattern. After pollination, a rudimentary ovary begins to form (stage S), followed by ovule differentiation (stage T) and growth (stage FO). Total RNA was obtained from pistillate inflorescences or young ovaries at stage F, S, T and FO, and sequencing was carried out on a HiSeq 4000 system. De novo assembly of sequencing data yielded 62.58 Gb of nucleotides and 90,726 unigenes; 5524, 3468, and 8714 differentially expressed transcripts were identified in F-vs-S, S-vs-T, and T-vs-FO paired comparisons, respectively. An analysis of F-vs-S, S-vs-T, and T-vs-FO paired comparisons based on annotations in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes revealed six pathways that were significantly enriched during ovary differentiation, including ko04075 (Plant hormone signal transduction). Auxin level increased after pollination, and an immunohistochemical analysis indicated that auxin was enriched at the growth center of pistillate inflorescences and young ovaries. These results indicate that genes related to auxin biosynthesis, transport, signaling, the floral quartet model, and flower development may regulate ovary and ovule differentiation and development in hazel. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of ovary differentiation and development after pollination in this economically valuable plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Cheng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yuchu Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Pengfei Ai
- College of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050080, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, Jilin Province, China.
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30
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Holloway DM, Rozada I, Bray JJH. Two-stage patterning dynamics in conifer cotyledon whorl morphogenesis. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 121:525-534. [PMID: 29309524 PMCID: PMC5838814 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Conifer embryos, unlike those of monocots or dicots, have variable numbers of cotyledons, even within the same species. Cotyledons form in a single whorl on a dome-shaped embryo. The closely spaced cotyledons are not found outside this ring, indicating a radial control on where they can form. Polar transport of the hormone auxin affects outgrowth of distinct cotyledons, but not the radial aspect of the whorl or the within-whorl spacing between cotyledons. A quantitative model of plant growth regulator patterning is needed to understand the dynamics of this complex morphogenetic process. Methods A two-stage reaction-diffusion model is developed for the spatial patterning of growth regulators on the embryo surface, with a radial pattern (P1) constraining the shorter-wavelength cotyledon pattern (P2) to a whorl. These patterns drive three-dimensional (3-D) morphogenesis by catalysing local surface growth. Key Results Growth driven by P2 generates single whorls across the experimentally observed range of two to 11 cotyledons, as well as the circularly symmetric response to auxin transport interference. These computations are the first corroboration of earlier theoretical proposals for hierarchical control of whorl formation. The model generates the linear relationship between cotyledon number and embryo diameter observed experimentally. This accounts for normal integer cotyledon number selection, as well as the less common cotyledon fusings and splittings observed experimentally. Flattening of the embryo during development may affect the upward outgrowth angle of the cotyledons. Conclusions Cotyledon morphogenesis is more complex geometrically in conifers than in angiosperms, involving 2-D patterning which deforms a surface in three dimensions. This work develops a quantitative framework for understanding the growth and patterning dynamics involved in conifer cotyledon development, and applies more generally to the morphogenesis of whorls with many primordia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Holloway
- Mathematics Department, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, B.C., Canada
- Biology Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C., Canada
| | - Ignacio Rozada
- Mathematics Department, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, B.C., Canada
| | - Joshua J H Bray
- Biotechnology Program, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, B.C., Canada
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Simonini S, Stephenson P, Østergaard L. A molecular framework controlling style morphology in Brassicaceae. Development 2018; 145:dev.158105. [PMID: 29440299 PMCID: PMC5868994 DOI: 10.1242/dev.158105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Organ formation in multicellular organisms depends on the coordinated activities of regulatory components that integrate developmental and hormonal cues to control gene expression and mediate cell-type specification. For example, development of the Arabidopsis gynoecium is tightly controlled by distribution and synthesis of the plant hormone auxin. The functions of several transcription factors (TFs) have been linked with auxin dynamics during gynoecium development; yet how their activities are coordinated is not known. Here, we show that five such TFs function together to ensure polarity establishment at the gynoecium apex. The auxin response factor ETTIN (ARF3; herein, ETT) is a central component of this framework. Interaction of ETT with TF partners is sensitive to the presence of auxin and our results suggest that ETT forms part of a repressive gene-regulatory complex. We show that this function is conserved between members of the Brassicaceae family and that variation in an ETT subdomain affects interaction strengths and gynoecium morphology. These results suggest that variation in affinities between conserved TFs can lead to morphological differences and thus contribute to the evolution of diverse organ shapes. Summary: Variation in interaction affinity between transcription factors of an ETTIN-containing complex underlies diversity of gynoecium style structure among members of the Brassicacea family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Simonini
- Crop Genetics Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - Lars Østergaard
- Crop Genetics Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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Deb J, Bland HM, Østergaard L. Developmental cartography: coordination via hormonal and genetic interactions during gynoecium formation. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 41:54-60. [PMID: 28961459 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Development in multicellular organisms requires the establishment of tissue identity through polarity cues. The Arabidopsis gynoecium presents an excellent model to study this coordination, as it comprises a complex tissue structure which is established through multiple polarity systems. The gynoecium is derived from the fusion of two carpels and forms in the centre of the flower. Many regulators of carpel development also have roles in leaf development, emphasizing the evolutionary origin of carpels as modified leaves. The gynoecium can therefore be considered as having evolved from a simple setup followed by adjustment in tissue polarity to facilitate efficient reproduction. Here, we discuss concepts to understand how hormonal and genetic systems interact to pattern the gynoecium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyita Deb
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Heather M Bland
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Østergaard
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.
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Estornell LH, Landberg K, Cierlik I, Sundberg E. SHI/ STY Genes Affect Pre- and Post-meiotic Anther Processes in Auxin Sensing Domains in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:150. [PMID: 29491878 PMCID: PMC5817092 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, mature sperm cells are enclosed in pollen grains formed in structures called anthers. Several cell layers surrounding the central sporogenous cells of the anther are essential for directing the developmental processes that lead to meiosis, pollen formation, and the subsequent pollen release. The specification and function of these tissues are regulated by a large number of genetic factors. Additionally, the plant hormone auxin has previously been shown to play important roles in the later phases of anther development. Using the R2D2 auxin sensor system we here show that auxin is sensed also in the early phases of anther cell layer development, suggesting that spatiotemporal regulation of auxin levels is important for early anther morphogenesis. Members of the SHI/STY transcription factor family acting as direct regulators of YUC auxin biosynthesis genes have previously been demonstrated to affect early anther patterning. Using reporter constructs we show that SHI/STY genes are dynamically active throughout anther development and their expression overlaps with those of three additional downstream targets, PAO5, EOD3 and PGL1. Characterization of anthers carrying mutations in five SHI/STY genes clearly suggests that SHI/STY transcription factors affect anther organ identity. In addition, their activity is important to repress periclinal cell divisions as well as premature entrance into programmed cell death and cell wall lignification, which directly influences the timing of anther dehiscence and the pollen viability. The SHI/STY proteins also prevent premature pollen germination suggesting that they may play a role in the induction or maintenance of pollen dormancy.
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Lee SJ, Lee BH, Jung JH, Park SK, Song JT, Kim JH. GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR and GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR Specify Meristematic Cells of Gynoecia and Anthers. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:717-729. [PMID: 29114079 PMCID: PMC5761776 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the biological roles of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR (GRF) and GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR (GIF) transcriptional complex in the development of gynoecia and anthers. There are nine GRFs and three GIFs in Arabidopsis, and seven GRFs are posttranscriptionally silenced by microRNA396 (miR396). We found that overexpression of MIR396 in the gif1 gif2 double mutant background (gif1 gif2 35S:MIR396) resulted in neither ovary nor pollen. Histological and molecular marker-based analyses revealed that the mutant gynoecial primordia failed to develop carpel margin meristems and mature flowers lacked the ovary, consisting only of the stigma, style, and replum-like tissues. The mutant anther primordia were not able to form the pluripotent archesporial cells that produce pollen mother cells and microsporangia. Multiple combinations of GRF mutations also displayed the same phenotypes, indicating that the GRF-GIF duo is required for the formation of those meristematic and pluripotent cells. Most GRF proteins are localized and abundant in those cells. We also found that the weak gynoecial defects of pinoid-3 (pid-3) mutants were remarkably exacerbated by gif1 gif2 double mutations and 35S:MIR396, so that none of the gynoecia produced by gif1 gif2 pid-3 and 35S:MIR396 pid-3 developed ovaries at all. Moreover, gif1 gif2 double mutations and 35S:MIR396 also acted synergistically with 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid in forming aberrant gynoecia. The results altogether suggest that the GRF-GIF duo regulates the meristematic and pluripotent competence of carpel margin meristems and the archesporial cell lineage and that this regulation is implemented in association with auxin action, ultimately conferring reproductive competence on Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Joo Lee
- Department of Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Byung Ha Lee
- Department of Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Jae-Hak Jung
- Department of Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Soon Ki Park
- School of Applied Bioscience, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Jong Tae Song
- School of Applied Bioscience, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Jeong Hoe Kim
- Department of Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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Müller CJ, Larsson E, Spíchal L, Sundberg E. Cytokinin-Auxin Crosstalk in the Gynoecial Primordium Ensures Correct Domain Patterning. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:1144-1157. [PMID: 28894023 PMCID: PMC5664465 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) gynoecium consists of two congenitally fused carpels made up of two lateral valve domains and two medial domains, which retain meristematic properties and later fuse to produce the female reproductive structures vital for fertilization. Polar auxin transport (PAT) is important for setting up distinct apical auxin signaling domains in the early floral meristem remnants allowing for lateral domain identity and outgrowth. Crosstalk between auxin and cytokinin plays an important role in the development of other meristematic tissues, but hormone interaction studies to date have focused on more accessible later-stage gynoecia and the spatiotemporal interactions pivotal for patterning of early gynoecium primordia remain unknown. Focusing on the earliest stages, we propose a cytokinin-auxin feedback model during early gynoecium patterning and hormone homeostasis. Our results suggest that cytokinin positively regulates auxin signaling in the incipient gynoecial primordium and strengthen the concept that cytokinin regulates auxin homeostasis during gynoecium development. Specifically, medial cytokinin promotes auxin biosynthesis components [YUCCA1/4 (YUC1/4)] in, and PINFORMED7 (PIN7)-mediated auxin efflux from, the medial domain. The resulting laterally focused auxin signaling triggers ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFER PROTEIN6 (AHP6), which then represses cytokinin signaling in a PAT-dependent feedback. Cytokinin also down-regulates PIN3, promoting auxin accumulation in the apex. The yuc1, yuc4, and ahp6 mutants are hypersensitive to exogenous cytokinin and 1-napthylphthalamic acid (NPA), highlighting their role in mediolateral gynoecium patterning. In summary, these mechanisms self-regulate cytokinin and auxin signaling domains, ensuring correct domain specification and gynoecium development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Joy Müller
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter and Linnean Centre for Plant Biology in Uppsala, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Larsson
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter and Linnean Centre for Plant Biology in Uppsala, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Sundberg
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter and Linnean Centre for Plant Biology in Uppsala, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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Durán-Medina Y, Serwatowska J, Reyes-Olalde JI, de Folter S, Marsch-Martínez N. The AP2/ERF Transcription Factor DRNL Modulates Gynoecium Development and Affects Its Response to Cytokinin. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1841. [PMID: 29123539 PMCID: PMC5662920 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The gynoecium is the female reproductive system in flowering plants. It is a complex structure formed by different tissues, some that are essential for reproduction and others that facilitate the fertilization process and nurture and protect the developing seeds. The coordinated development of these different tissues during the formation of the gynoecium is important for reproductive success. Both hormones and genetic regulators guide the development of the different tissues. Auxin and cytokinin in particular have been found to play important roles in this process. On the other hand, the AP2/ERF2 transcription factor BOL/DRNL/ESR2/SOB is expressed at very early stages of aerial organ formation and has been proposed to be a marker for organ founder cells. In this work, we found that this gene is also expressed at later stages during gynoecium development, particularly at the lateral regions (the region related to the valves of the ovary). The loss of DRNL function affects gynoecium development. Some of the mutant phenotypes present similarities to those observed in plants treated with exogenous cytokinins, and AHP6 has been previously proposed to be a target of DRNL. Therefore, we explored the response of drnl-2 developing gynoecia to cytokinins, and found that the loss of DRNL function affects the response of the gynoecium to exogenously applied cytokinins in a developmental-stage-dependent manner. In summary, this gene participates during gynoecium development, possibly through the dynamic modulation of cytokinin homeostasis and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Durán-Medina
- Laboratorio de Identidad Celular de Plantas, Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Joanna Serwatowska
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - J. Irepan Reyes-Olalde
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Stefan de Folter
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Nayelli Marsch-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Identidad Celular de Plantas, Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Mexico
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37
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Yamaguchi N, Huang J, Xu Y, Tanoi K, Ito T. Fine-tuning of auxin homeostasis governs the transition from floral stem cell maintenance to gynoecium formation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1125. [PMID: 29066759 PMCID: PMC5654772 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To ensure successful plant reproduction and crop production, the spatial and temporal control of the termination of the floral meristem must be coordinated. In Arabidopsis, the timing of this termination is determined by AGAMOUS (AG). Following its termination, the floral meristem underdoes gynoecium formation. A direct target of AG, CRABS CLAW (CRC), is involved in both floral meristem determinacy and gynoecium development. However, how floral meristem termination is coordinated with gynoecium formation is not understood. Here, we identify a mechanistic link between floral meristem termination and gynoecium development through fine-tuning of auxin homeostasis by CRC. CRC controls auxin homeostasis in the medial region of the developing gynoecium to generate proper auxin maxima. This regulation partially occurs via direct transcriptional repression of TORNADO2 (TRN2) by CRC. Plasma membrane-localized TRN2 modulates auxin homeostasis. We propose a model describing how regulation of auxin homeostasis mediates the transition from floral meristem termination to gynoecium development. In Arabidopsis, the timing of floral meristem termination is determined by AGAMOUS. Here, the authors show that the CRC transcription factor, itself a direct target of AGAMOUS, coordinates meristem termination with subsequent gynoecium formation partly by repressing TRN2 expression and regulating auxin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutoshi Yamaguchi
- Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Jiangbo Huang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yifeng Xu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Keitaro Tanoi
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.,Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Toshiro Ito
- Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan. .,Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore. .,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Sehra B, Franks RG. Redundant CArG Box Cis-motif Activity Mediates SHATTERPROOF2 Transcriptional Regulation during Arabidopsis thaliana Gynoecium Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1712. [PMID: 29085379 PMCID: PMC5650620 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In the Arabidopsis thaliana seed pod, pod shatter and seed dispersal properties are in part determined by the development of a longitudinally orientated dehiscence zone (DZ) that derives from cells of the gynoecial valve margin (VM). Transcriptional regulation of the MADS protein encoding transcription factors genes SHATTERPROOF1 (SHP1) and SHATTERPROOF2 (SHP2) are critical for proper VM identity specification and later on for DZ development. Current models of SHP1 and SHP2 regulation indicate that the transcription factors FRUITFULL (FUL) and REPLUMLESS (RPL) repress these SHP genes in the developing valve and replum domains, respectively. Thus the expression of the SHP genes is restricted to the VM. FUL encodes a MADS-box containing transcription factor that is predicted to act through CArG-box containing cis-regulatory motifs. Here we delimit functional modules within the SHP2 cis-regulatory region and examine the functional importance of CArG box motifs within these regulatory regions. We have characterized a 2.2kb region upstream of the SHP2 translation start site that drives early and late medial domain expression in the gynoecium, as well as expression within the VM and DZ. We identified two separable, independent cis-regulatory modules, a 1kb promoter region and a 700bp enhancer region, that are capable of giving VM and DZ expression. Our results argue for multiple independent cis-regulatory modules that support SHP2 expression during VM development and may contribute to the robustness of SHP2 expression in this tissue. Additionally, three closely positioned CArG box motifs located in the SHP2 upstream regulatory region were mutated in the context of the 2.2kb reporter construct. Mutating simultaneously all three CArG boxes caused a moderate de-repression of the SHP2 reporter that was detected within the valve domain, suggesting that these CArG boxes are involved in SHP2 repression in the valve.
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Reyes-Olalde JI, Zúñiga-Mayo VM, Marsch-Martínez N, de Folter S. Synergistic relationship between auxin and cytokinin in the ovary and the participation of the transcription factor SPATULA. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1376158. [PMID: 28880725 PMCID: PMC5647943 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1376158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormones auxin and cytokinin are key regulators of plant development, and both regulate almost all aspects of plant growth and development. Communication between auxin-cytokinin signaling pathways has been the subject of intense research. However, few studies have focused specifically on the development of the early gynoecium. We have recently discovered that cytokinin signaling plays a role in the regulation of auxin biosynthesis and transport in the ovary region of the gynoecium, and that the transcription factor SPATULA (SPT) is necessary. Here, we provide evidence that indicates that cytokinin and auxin have a synergistic relationship at the medial domain during gynoecium development, and that SPT is important for this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Irepan Reyes-Olalde
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Víctor M. Zúñiga-Mayo
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Nayelli Marsch-Martínez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Unidad Irapuato, CINVESTAV-IPN, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Stefan de Folter
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
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40
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Goldental-Cohen S, Israeli A, Ori N, Yasuor H. Auxin Response Dynamics During Wild-Type and entire Flower Development in Tomato. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1661-1672. [PMID: 29016944 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin is a major regulator of plant development and response to environmental cues. Auxin plays a particularly central role in flower development, but the knowledge of its role of flower development in crop plants with fleshy fruits, such as tomato, is still scarce. Mutations in the Aux/IAA gene ENTIRE/Indole Acetic Acid 9 (E/IAA9) lead to the precocious development of young gynoecia into parthenocarpic fruits. Here, we compared the distribution of the auxin response sensor DR5::VENUS and the auxin efflux transporter PIN1 between the wild type and entire during successive stages of flower and fruit development. Up-regulation of the DR5::VENUS signal in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) was observed upon the transition to flowering, implicating a possible role for auxin in the transition from a vegetative SAM into an inflorescence meristem. DR5::VENUS was expressed in all initiating floral organs. Additionally, DR5::VENUS was highly expressed during gametogenesis, in both male and female organs, and in the developing seeds during embryogenesis. DR5::VENUS is expressed in functional cell layers such as the anther stomium and tapetum, suggesting that auxin plays a role in flower organ development and function. The entire mutation affected DR5::VENUS expression patterns during inflorescence formation and flower organ development, which correlated with phenotypic alterations. We also show dynamic distribution and localization of the auxin transporter PIN1 during flower and fruit organ development. These results emphasize the dynamic auxin response in inflorescence and flower development and suggest multiple roles of auxin in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiri Goldental-Cohen
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crop Research, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rural Delivery Negev, 85280, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alon Israeli
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Naomi Ori
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Hagai Yasuor
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crop Research, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rural Delivery Negev, 85280, Israel
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41
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Moubayidin L, Østergaard L. Gynoecium formation: an intimate and complicated relationship. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2017; 45:15-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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42
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Bhattacharyya D, Lee YH. A cocktail of volatile compounds emitted from Alcaligenes faecalis JBCS1294 induces salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana by modulating hormonal pathways and ion transporters. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 214:64-73. [PMID: 28448840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study we showed that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from Alcaligenes faecalis JBCS1294 (JBCS1294) induced tolerance to salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana by influencing the auxin and gibberellin pathways and upregulating the expression of key ion transporters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of each VOC and blends of the VOCs on the induction of salt tolerance and signaling pathways. The key VOCs emitted from JBCS1294 were dissolved in lanolin and applied to one side of bipartite I-plates that contained Arabidopsis seeds on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with NaCl on the other side. Changes in plant growth were investigated using Arabidopsis mutant lines and hormone inhibitors, and gene expression was assessed by real-time PCR (qPCR). Among the VOCs, butyric acid conferred salt tolerance over a concentration range of 5.6μM (10ng)-56mM (100μg), whereas propionic and benzoic acid were effective at micromolar doses. Intriguingly, the optimized cocktail of the three VOCs increased fresh weight of Arabidopsis under salt stress compared to that achieved with each single compound. However, Arabidopsis growth was not promoted by the VOCs without salt stress. Exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) application arrested salt tolerance or growth promotion of Arabidopsis induced by volatiles from propionic acid, but not from butyric acid and an optimized volatile mixture of butyric acid, propionic acid, and benzoic acid (1PBB). High and intense auxin-responsive DR5:GUS activity was observed in the roots of Arabidopsis grown on media without salt via 1PBB, butyric acid, and benzoic acid. Growth promotion by the cocktail was inhibited in the eir1 mutant and in Col-0 plants treated with inhibitors of auxin and gibberellin. The present study clearly demonstrated the effects of individual VOCs and blends of VOCs from a rhizobacterial strain on the induction of salt stress. The results with the blend of VOCs, which mimics bacterial emissions in nature, may lead to a deeper understanding of the interaction between rhizobacteria and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipto Bhattacharyya
- Division of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hoon Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, Plant Medical Research Center, and Institute of Bio-industry, Chonbuk National University, Republic of Korea.
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43
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Reyes-Olalde JI, Zúñiga-Mayo VM, Serwatowska J, Chavez Montes RA, Lozano-Sotomayor P, Herrera-Ubaldo H, Gonzalez-Aguilera KL, Ballester P, Ripoll JJ, Ezquer I, Paolo D, Heyl A, Colombo L, Yanofsky MF, Ferrandiz C, Marsch-Martínez N, de Folter S. The bHLH transcription factor SPATULA enables cytokinin signaling, and both activate auxin biosynthesis and transport genes at the medial domain of the gynoecium. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006726. [PMID: 28388635 PMCID: PMC5400277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruits and seeds are the major food source on earth. Both derive from the gynoecium and, therefore, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms that guide the development of this organ of angiosperm species. In Arabidopsis, the gynoecium is composed of two congenitally fused carpels, where two domains: medial and lateral, can be distinguished. The medial domain includes the carpel margin meristem (CMM) that is key for the production of the internal tissues involved in fertilization, such as septum, ovules, and transmitting tract. Interestingly, the medial domain shows a high cytokinin signaling output, in contrast to the lateral domain, where it is hardly detected. While it is known that cytokinin provides meristematic properties, understanding on the mechanisms that underlie the cytokinin signaling pattern in the young gynoecium is lacking. Moreover, in other tissues, the cytokinin pathway is often connected to the auxin pathway, but we also lack knowledge about these connections in the young gynoecium. Our results reveal that cytokinin signaling, that can provide meristematic properties required for CMM activity and growth, is enabled by the transcription factor SPATULA (SPT) in the medial domain. Meanwhile, cytokinin signaling is confined to the medial domain by the cytokinin response repressor ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE 6 (AHP6), and perhaps by ARR16 (a type-A ARR) as well, both present in the lateral domains (presumptive valves) of the developing gynoecia. Moreover, SPT and cytokinin, probably together, promote the expression of the auxin biosynthetic gene TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS 1 (TAA1) and the gene encoding the auxin efflux transporter PIN-FORMED 3 (PIN3), likely creating auxin drainage important for gynoecium growth. This study provides novel insights in the spatiotemporal determination of the cytokinin signaling pattern and its connection to the auxin pathway in the young gynoecium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Irepan Reyes-Olalde
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Víctor M. Zúñiga-Mayo
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Joanna Serwatowska
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Ricardo A. Chavez Montes
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Paulina Lozano-Sotomayor
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Humberto Herrera-Ubaldo
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Karla L. Gonzalez-Aguilera
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Patricia Ballester
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan José Ripoll
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ignacio Ezquer
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Paolo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexander Heyl
- Biology Department, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, United States of America
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Martin F. Yanofsky
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Cristina Ferrandiz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Stefan de Folter
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
- * E-mail:
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Genome-wide analysis of auxin transport genes identifies the hormone responsive patterns associated with leafy head formation in Chinese cabbage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42229. [PMID: 28169368 PMCID: PMC5294403 DOI: 10.1038/srep42229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin resistant 1/like aux1 (AUX/LAX), pin-formed (PIN) and ATP binding cassette subfamily B (ABCB/MDR/PGP) are three families of auxin transport genes. The development-related functions of the influx and efflux carriers have been well studied and characterized in model plants. However, there is scant information regarding the functions of auxin genes in Chinese cabbage and the responses of exogenous polar auxin transport inhibitors (PATIs). We conducted a whole-genome annotation and a bioinformatics analysis of BrAUX/LAX, BrPIN, and BrPGP genes in Chinese cabbage. By analyzing the expression patterns at several developmental stages in the formation of heading leaves, we found that most auxin-associate genes were expressed throughout the entire process of leafy head formation, suggesting that these genes played important roles in the development of heads. UPLC was used to detect the distinct and uneven distribution of auxin in various segments of the leafy head and in response to PATI treatment, indicated that the formation of the leafy head depends on polar auxin transport and the uneven distribution of auxin in leaves. This study provides new insight into auxin polar transporters and the possible roles of the BrLAX, BrPIN and BrPGP genes in leafy head formation in Chinese cabbage.
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Ballester P, Ferrándiz C. Shattering fruits: variations on a dehiscent theme. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 35:68-75. [PMID: 27888713 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fruits are seed dispersal units, and for that they have evolved different strategies to facilitate separation and dispersal of the progeny from the mother plant. A great proportion of fruits from different clades are dry and dehiscent, opening upon maturity to disperse the seeds. In the last two decades, intense research mainly in Arabidopsis has uncovered the basic network that controls the differentiation of the Arabidopsis fruit dehiscence zone. This review focuses on recent discoveries that have helped to complete the picture, as well as the insights from evo-devo and crop domestication studies that show how the conservation/variation of the elements of this network across species accounts for its evolutionary plasticity and the origin of evolutionary innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ballester
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Cristina Ferrándiz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia 46022, Spain.
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46
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Larsson E, Vivian-Smith A, Offringa R, Sundberg E. Auxin Homeostasis in Arabidopsis Ovules Is Anther-Dependent at Maturation and Changes Dynamically upon Fertilization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1735. [PMID: 29067034 PMCID: PMC5641375 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin is a vital component for plant reproduction as it regulates the development of both male and female reproductive organs, including ovules and gynoecia. Furthermore, auxin plays important roles in the development and growth of seeds and fruits. Auxin responses can be detected in ovules shortly after fertilization, and it has been suggested that this accumulation is a prerequisite for the developmental reprogramming of the ovules to seeds, and of the gynoecium to a fruit. However, the roles of auxin at the final stages of ovule development, and the sources of auxin leading to the observed responses in ovules after fertilization have remained elusive. Here we have characterized the auxin readout in Arabidopsis ovules, at the pre-anthesis, anthesis and in the immediate post-fertilization stages, using the R2D2 auxin sensor. In addition we have mapped the expression of auxin biosynthesis and conjugation genes, as well as that of auxin transporting proteins, during the same developmental stages. These analyses reveal specific spatiotemporal patterns of the different auxin homeostasis regulators. Auxin biosynthesis genes and auxin transport proteins define a pre-patterning of vascular cell identity in the pre-anthesis funiculus. Furthermore, our data suggests that auxin efflux from the ovule is restricted in an anther-dependent manner, presumably to synchronize reproductive organ development and thereby optimizing the chances of successful fertilization. Finally, de novo auxin biosynthesis together with reduced auxin conjugation and transport result in an enhanced auxin readout throughout the sporophytic tissues of the ovules soon after fertilization. Together, our results suggest a sophisticated set of regulatory cascades that allow successful fertilization and the subsequent transition of the female reproductive structures into seeds and fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Larsson
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Plant Developmental Genetics, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Plant Biology, BioCentre and Linnean Centre for Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Emma Larsson, Eva Sundberg,
| | - Adam Vivian-Smith
- Forest Genetics and Biodiversity, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Remko Offringa
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Plant Developmental Genetics, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eva Sundberg
- Department of Plant Biology, BioCentre and Linnean Centre for Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Emma Larsson, Eva Sundberg,
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Gomariz-Fernández A, Sánchez-Gerschon V, Fourquin C, Ferrándiz C. The Role of SHI/STY/SRS Genes in Organ Growth and Carpel Development Is Conserved in the Distant Eudicot Species Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:814. [PMID: 28588595 PMCID: PMC5440560 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Carpels are a distinctive feature of angiosperms, the ovule-bearing female reproductive organs that endow them with multiple selective advantages likely linked to the evolutionary success of flowering plants. Gene regulatory networks directing the development of carpel specialized tissues and patterning have been proposed based on genetic and molecular studies carried out in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, studies on the conservation/diversification of the elements and the topology of this network are still scarce. In this work, we have studied the functional conservation of transcription factors belonging to the SHI/STY/SRS family in two distant species within the eudicots, Eschscholzia californica and Nicotiana benthamiana. We have found that the expression patterns of EcSRS-L and NbSRS-L genes during flower development are similar to each other and to those reported for Arabidopsis SHI/STY/SRS genes. We have also characterized the phenotypic effects of NbSRS-L gene inactivation and overexpression in Nicotiana. Our results support the widely conserved role of SHI/STY/SRS genes at the top of the regulatory network directing style and stigma development, specialized tissues specific to the angiosperm carpels, at least within core eudicots, providing new insights on the possible evolutionary origin of the carpels.
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48
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Wang Y, Wang D, Gan T, Liu L, Long W, Wang Y, Niu M, Li X, Zheng M, Jiang L, Wan J. CRL6, a member of the CHD protein family, is required for crown root development in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 105:185-194. [PMID: 27108205 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The root system in monocotyledonous plants is largely composed of postembryonic shoot-borne roots named crown roots, which are important for nutrients and water uptake. The molecular mechanism underlying regulation of crown root development is not fully explored. In this study, we characterized a rice (Oryza sativa) mutant defective in crown root formation, designated as crown rootless6 (crl6). Histological analysis showed that CRL6 influences crown root formation by regulating primordial initiation and development. Map-based cloning and subsequent complementation tests verified that the CRL6 gene encodes a member of the large chromodomain, helicase/ATPase, and DNA-binding domain (CHD) family protein. Realtime RT-PCR analysis showed that CRL6 was most highly expressed in the stem base region where crown roots initiated. In addition, auxin-action inhibited phenotype was observed during crl6 development. The expressions of OsIAA genes were down-regulated in crl6. Our results provide evidence that CRL6 plays an important role in crown root development in rice via auxin-related signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ting Gan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Linglong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wuhua Long
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mei Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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49
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Damodharan S, Zhao D, Arazi T. A common miRNA160-based mechanism regulates ovary patterning, floral organ abscission and lamina outgrowth in tomato. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 86:458-71. [PMID: 26800988 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant microRNAs play vital roles in auxin signaling via the negative regulation of auxin response factors (ARFs). Studies have shown that targeting of ARF10/16/17 by miR160 is indispensable for various aspects of development, but its functions in the model crop tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are unknown. Here we knocked down miR160 (sly-miR160) using a short tandem target mimic (STTM160), and investigated its roles in tomato development. Northern blot analysis showed that miR160 is abundant in developing ovaries. In line with this, its down-regulation perturbed ovary patterning as indicated by the excessive elongation of the proximal ends of mutant ovaries and thinning of the placenta. Following fertilization, these morphological changes led to formation of elongated, pear-shaped fruits reminiscent of those of the tomato ovate mutant. In addition, STTM160-expressing plants displayed abnormal floral organ abscission, and produced leaves, sepals and petals with diminished blades, indicating a requirement for sly-miR160 for these auxin-mediated processes. We found that sly-miR160 depletion was always associated with the up-regulation of SlARF10A, SlARF10B and SlARF17, of which the expression of SlARF10A increased the most. Despite the sly-miR160 legitimate site of SlARF16A, its mRNA levels did not change in response to sly-miR160 down-regulation, suggesting that it may be regulated by a mechanism other than mRNA cleavage. SlARF10A and SlARF17 were previously suggested to function as inhibiting ARFs. We propose that by adjusting the expression of a group of ARF repressors, of which SlARF10A is a primary target, sly-miR160 regulates auxin-mediated ovary patterning as well as floral organ abscission and lateral organ lamina outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Damodharan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, PO Box 6, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Dazhong Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Lapham Hall S181, 3209 N. Maryland Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-0413, USA
| | - Tzahi Arazi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, PO Box 6, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
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50
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Villarino GH, Hu Q, Manrique S, Flores-Vergara M, Sehra B, Robles L, Brumos J, Stepanova AN, Colombo L, Sundberg E, Heber S, Franks RG. Transcriptomic Signature of the SHATTERPROOF2 Expression Domain Reveals the Meristematic Nature of Arabidopsis Gynoecial Medial Domain. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:42-61. [PMID: 26983993 PMCID: PMC4854683 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant meristems, like animal stem cell niches, maintain a pool of multipotent, undifferentiated cells that divide and differentiate to give rise to organs. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the carpel margin meristem is a vital meristematic structure that generates ovules from the medial domain of the gynoecium, the female floral reproductive structure. The molecular mechanisms that specify this meristematic region and regulate its organogenic potential are poorly understood. Here, we present a novel approach to analyze the transcriptional signature of the medial domain of the Arabidopsis gynoecium, highlighting the developmental stages that immediately proceed ovule initiation, the earliest stages of seed development. Using a floral synchronization system and a SHATTERPROOF2 (SHP2) domain-specific reporter, paired with FACS and RNA sequencing, we assayed the transcriptome of the gynoecial medial domain with temporal and spatial precision. This analysis reveals a set of genes that are differentially expressed within the SHP2 expression domain, including genes that have been shown previously to function during the development of medial domain-derived structures, including the ovules, thus validating our approach. Global analyses of the transcriptomic data set indicate a similarity of the pSHP2-expressing cell population to previously characterized meristematic domains, further supporting the meristematic nature of this gynoecial tissue. Our method identifies additional genes including novel isoforms, cis-natural antisense transcripts, and a previously unrecognized member of the REPRODUCTIVE MERISTEM family of transcriptional regulators that are potential novel regulators of medial domain development. This data set provides genome-wide transcriptional insight into the development of the carpel margin meristem in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo H Villarino
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (G.H.V., M.F.-V., B.S., L.R., J.B., A.N.S., R.G.F.) and Department of Computer Science and Bioinformatics Research Center (Q.H., S.H.), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606;Università degli Studi di Milano Dip. di BioScienze, Sezione di Botanica Generale, Milan, Italy 20133 (S.M., L.C.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden 750 07 (E.S.)
| | - Qiwen Hu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (G.H.V., M.F.-V., B.S., L.R., J.B., A.N.S., R.G.F.) and Department of Computer Science and Bioinformatics Research Center (Q.H., S.H.), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606;Università degli Studi di Milano Dip. di BioScienze, Sezione di Botanica Generale, Milan, Italy 20133 (S.M., L.C.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden 750 07 (E.S.)
| | - Silvia Manrique
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (G.H.V., M.F.-V., B.S., L.R., J.B., A.N.S., R.G.F.) and Department of Computer Science and Bioinformatics Research Center (Q.H., S.H.), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606;Università degli Studi di Milano Dip. di BioScienze, Sezione di Botanica Generale, Milan, Italy 20133 (S.M., L.C.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden 750 07 (E.S.)
| | - Miguel Flores-Vergara
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (G.H.V., M.F.-V., B.S., L.R., J.B., A.N.S., R.G.F.) and Department of Computer Science and Bioinformatics Research Center (Q.H., S.H.), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606;Università degli Studi di Milano Dip. di BioScienze, Sezione di Botanica Generale, Milan, Italy 20133 (S.M., L.C.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden 750 07 (E.S.)
| | - Bhupinder Sehra
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (G.H.V., M.F.-V., B.S., L.R., J.B., A.N.S., R.G.F.) and Department of Computer Science and Bioinformatics Research Center (Q.H., S.H.), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606;Università degli Studi di Milano Dip. di BioScienze, Sezione di Botanica Generale, Milan, Italy 20133 (S.M., L.C.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden 750 07 (E.S.)
| | - Linda Robles
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (G.H.V., M.F.-V., B.S., L.R., J.B., A.N.S., R.G.F.) and Department of Computer Science and Bioinformatics Research Center (Q.H., S.H.), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606;Università degli Studi di Milano Dip. di BioScienze, Sezione di Botanica Generale, Milan, Italy 20133 (S.M., L.C.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden 750 07 (E.S.)
| | - Javier Brumos
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (G.H.V., M.F.-V., B.S., L.R., J.B., A.N.S., R.G.F.) and Department of Computer Science and Bioinformatics Research Center (Q.H., S.H.), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606;Università degli Studi di Milano Dip. di BioScienze, Sezione di Botanica Generale, Milan, Italy 20133 (S.M., L.C.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden 750 07 (E.S.)
| | - Anna N Stepanova
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (G.H.V., M.F.-V., B.S., L.R., J.B., A.N.S., R.G.F.) and Department of Computer Science and Bioinformatics Research Center (Q.H., S.H.), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606;Università degli Studi di Milano Dip. di BioScienze, Sezione di Botanica Generale, Milan, Italy 20133 (S.M., L.C.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden 750 07 (E.S.)
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (G.H.V., M.F.-V., B.S., L.R., J.B., A.N.S., R.G.F.) and Department of Computer Science and Bioinformatics Research Center (Q.H., S.H.), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606;Università degli Studi di Milano Dip. di BioScienze, Sezione di Botanica Generale, Milan, Italy 20133 (S.M., L.C.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden 750 07 (E.S.)
| | - Eva Sundberg
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (G.H.V., M.F.-V., B.S., L.R., J.B., A.N.S., R.G.F.) and Department of Computer Science and Bioinformatics Research Center (Q.H., S.H.), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606;Università degli Studi di Milano Dip. di BioScienze, Sezione di Botanica Generale, Milan, Italy 20133 (S.M., L.C.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden 750 07 (E.S.)
| | - Steffen Heber
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (G.H.V., M.F.-V., B.S., L.R., J.B., A.N.S., R.G.F.) and Department of Computer Science and Bioinformatics Research Center (Q.H., S.H.), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606;Università degli Studi di Milano Dip. di BioScienze, Sezione di Botanica Generale, Milan, Italy 20133 (S.M., L.C.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden 750 07 (E.S.)
| | - Robert G Franks
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (G.H.V., M.F.-V., B.S., L.R., J.B., A.N.S., R.G.F.) and Department of Computer Science and Bioinformatics Research Center (Q.H., S.H.), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606;Università degli Studi di Milano Dip. di BioScienze, Sezione di Botanica Generale, Milan, Italy 20133 (S.M., L.C.); andDepartment of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden 750 07 (E.S.)
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