1
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Zhang Y, Chen J, Zheng B, Teng J, Lou Z, Feng H, Zhao S, Xue L. Genome-wide identification, evolution of DNA methyltransferases and their expression under salinity stress in Larimichthys crocea. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130603. [PMID: 38447841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) are responsible for DNA methylation which influences patterns of gene expression and plays a crucial role in response to environmental changes. In this study, 7 LcDnmt genes were identified in the genome of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). The comprehensive analysis was conducted on gene structure, protein and location site of LcDnmts. LcDnmt proteins belonged to three groups (Dnmt1, Dnmt2, and Dnmt3) according to their conserved domains and phylogenetic analysis. Although Dnmt3 can be further divided into three sub groups (Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b, and Dnmt3l), there is no Dnmnt3l member in the large yellow croaker. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Dnmt family was highly conserved in teleosts. Expression patterns derived from the RNA-seq, qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that 2 LcDnmt genes (LcDnmt1 and LcDnmt3a2) significantly regulated under salinity stress in the liver, which was found to be dominantly expressed in the intestine and brain, respectively. These two genes may play an important role in the salinity stress of large yellow croaker and represent candidates for future functional analysis. Our results revealed the conservation of Dnmts during evolution and indicated a potential role of Dnmts in epigenetic regulation of response to salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China
| | - Jiaqian Chen
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China
| | - Baoxiao Zheng
- College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
| | - Jian Teng
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Zhengjia Lou
- College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
| | - Huijie Feng
- College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
| | - Shiqi Zhao
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China.
| | - Liangyi Xue
- College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China.
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2
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Clark MS, Hoffman JI, Peck LS, Bargelloni L, Gande D, Havermans C, Meyer B, Patarnello T, Phillips T, Stoof-Leichsenring KR, Vendrami DLJ, Beck A, Collins G, Friedrich MW, Halanych KM, Masello JF, Nagel R, Norén K, Printzen C, Ruiz MB, Wohlrab S, Becker B, Dumack K, Ghaderiardakani F, Glaser K, Heesch S, Held C, John U, Karsten U, Kempf S, Lucassen M, Paijmans A, Schimani K, Wallberg A, Wunder LC, Mock T. Multi-omics for studying and understanding polar life. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7451. [PMID: 37978186 PMCID: PMC10656552 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polar ecosystems are experiencing amongst the most rapid rates of regional warming on Earth. Here, we discuss 'omics' approaches to investigate polar biodiversity, including the current state of the art, future perspectives and recommendations. We propose a community road map to generate and more fully exploit multi-omics data from polar organisms. These data are needed for the comprehensive evaluation of polar biodiversity and to reveal how life evolved and adapted to permanently cold environments with extreme seasonality. We argue that concerted action is required to mitigate the impact of warming on polar ecosystems via conservation efforts, to sustainably manage these unique habitats and their ecosystem services, and for the sustainable bioprospecting of novel genes and compounds for societal gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, UKRI-NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK.
| | - J I Hoffman
- British Antarctic Survey, UKRI-NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK.
- Universität Bielefeld, VHF, Konsequenz 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - L S Peck
- British Antarctic Survey, UKRI-NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK.
| | - L Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, I-35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - D Gande
- Microbial Ecophysiology Group, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry & MARUM, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 3, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - C Havermans
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - B Meyer
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), 23129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - T Patarnello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, I-35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - T Phillips
- British Antarctic Survey, UKRI-NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - K R Stoof-Leichsenring
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - D L J Vendrami
- Universität Bielefeld, VHF, Konsequenz 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - A Beck
- Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns, Botanische Staatssammlung München (SNSB-BSM), Menzinger Str. 67, 80638, München, Germany
| | - G Collins
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre & Loewe-Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, 231 Morrin Road St Johns, Auckland, 1072, New Zealand
| | - M W Friedrich
- Microbial Ecophysiology Group, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry & MARUM, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 3, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - K M Halanych
- Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina, 5600 Marvin K. Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC, 28409, USA
| | - J F Masello
- Universität Bielefeld, VHF, Konsequenz 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - R Nagel
- Universität Bielefeld, VHF, Konsequenz 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TH, UK
| | - K Norén
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Printzen
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre & Loewe-Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M B Ruiz
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätstrasse 5, 45151, Essen, Germany
| | - S Wohlrab
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), 23129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - B Becker
- Universität zu Köln, Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 60674, Köln, Germany
| | - K Dumack
- Universität zu Köln, Terrestrische Ökologie, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 60674, Köln, Germany
| | - F Ghaderiardakani
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - K Glaser
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Applied Ecology and Phycology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - S Heesch
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Applied Ecology and Phycology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - C Held
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - U John
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - U Karsten
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Applied Ecology and Phycology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - S Kempf
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - M Lucassen
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - A Paijmans
- Universität Bielefeld, VHF, Konsequenz 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - K Schimani
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Wallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L C Wunder
- Microbial Ecophysiology Group, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry & MARUM, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 3, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - T Mock
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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3
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Gleason LU, Fekete FJ, Tanner RL, Dowd WW. Multi-omics reveals largely distinct transcript- and protein-level responses to the environment in an intertidal mussel. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245962. [PMID: 37902141 PMCID: PMC10690110 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Organismal responses to stressful environments are influenced by numerous transcript- and protein-level mechanisms, and the relationships between expression changes at these levels are not always straightforward. Here, we used paired transcriptomic and proteomic datasets from two previous studies from gill of the California mussel, Mytilus californianus, to explore how simultaneous transcript and protein abundance patterns may diverge under different environmental scenarios. Field-acclimatized mussels were sampled from two disparate intertidal sites; individuals from one site were subjected to three further treatments (common garden, low-intertidal or high-intertidal outplant) that vary in temperature and feeding time. Assessing 1519 genes shared between the two datasets revealed that both transcript and protein expression patterns differentiated the treatments at a global level, despite numerous underlying discrepancies. There were far more instances of differential expression between treatments in transcript only (1451) or protein only (226) than of the two levels shifting expression concordantly (68 instances). Upregulated expression of cilium-associated transcripts (likely related to feeding) was associated with relatively benign field treatments. In the most stressful treatment, transcripts, but not proteins, for several molecular chaperones (including heat shock proteins and endoplasmic reticulum chaperones) were more abundant, consistent with a threshold model for induction of translation of constitutively available mRNAs. Overall, these results suggest that the relative importance of transcript- and protein-level regulation (translation and/or turnover) differs among cellular functions and across specific microhabitats or environmental contexts. Furthermore, the degree of concordance between transcript and protein expression can vary across benign versus acutely stressful environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lani U. Gleason
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Sacramento, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Florian J. Fekete
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Sacramento, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Richelle L. Tanner
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | - W. Wesley Dowd
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
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4
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Dong YW. Roles of multi-level temperature-adaptive responses and microhabitat variation in establishing distributions of intertidal species. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245745. [PMID: 37909420 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
How intertidal species survive their harsh environment and how best to evaluate and forecast range shifts in species distribution are two important and closely related questions for intertidal ecologists and global change biologists. Adaptive variation in responses of organisms to environmental change across all levels of biological organization - from behavior to molecular systems - is of key importance in setting distribution patterns, yet studies often neglect the interactions of diverse types of biological variation (e.g. differences in thermal optima owing to genetic and acclimation-induced effects) with environmental variation, notably at the scale of microhabitats. Intertidal species have to cope with extreme and frequently changing thermal stress, and have shown high variation in thermal sensitivities and adaptive responses at different levels of biological organization. Here, I review the physiological and biochemical adaptations of intertidal species to environmental temperature on multiple spatial and temporal scales. With fine-scale datasets for the thermal limits of individuals and for environmental temperature variation at the microhabitat scale, we can map the thermal sensitivity for each individual in different microhabitats, and then scale up the thermal sensitivity analysis to the population level and, finally, to the species level by incorporating physiological traits into species distribution models. These more refined mechanistic models that include consideration of physiological variations have higher predictive power than models that neglect these variations, and they will be crucial to answering the questions posed above concerning adaptive mechanisms and the roles they play in governing distribution patterns in a rapidly changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Wei Dong
- Ministry Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266001, China
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5
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Dupoué A, Mello DF, Trevisan R, Dubreuil C, Queau I, Petton S, Huvet A, Guével B, Com E, Pernet F, Salin K, Fleury E, Corporeau C. Intertidal limits shape covariation between metabolic plasticity, oxidative stress and telomere dynamics in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 191:106149. [PMID: 37611374 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
In intertidal zones, species such as sessile shellfish exhibit extended phenotypic plasticity to face rapid environmental changes, but whether frequent exposure to intertidal limits of the distribution range impose physiological costs for the animal remains elusive. Here, we explored how phenotypic plasticity varied along foreshore range at multiple organization levels, from molecular to cellular and whole organism acclimatization, in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). We exposed 7-month-old individuals for up to 16 months to three foreshore levels covering the vertical range for this species, representing 20, 50 and 80% of the time spent submerged monthly. Individuals at the upper range limit produced energy more efficiently, as seen by steeper metabolic reactive norms and unaltered ATP levels despite reduced mitochondrial density. By spending most of their time emerged, oysters mounted an antioxidant shielding concomitant with lower levels of pro-oxidant proteins and postponed age-related telomere attrition. Instead, individuals exposed at the lower limit range near subtidal conditions showed lower energy efficiencies, greater oxidative stress and shorter telomere length. These results unraveled the extended acclimatization strategies and the physiological costs of living too fast in subtidal conditions for an intertidal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréaz Dupoué
- Ifremer, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, UMR 6539, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France.
| | | | - Rafael Trevisan
- Ifremer, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, UMR 6539, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France; Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Bretagne Occidentale (LER/BO), Ifremer, 29900, Concarneau, France
| | - Christine Dubreuil
- Ifremer, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, UMR 6539, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France
| | - Isabelle Queau
- Ifremer, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, UMR 6539, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France
| | - Sébastien Petton
- Ifremer, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, UMR 6539, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- Ifremer, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, UMR 6539, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France
| | - Blandine Guével
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CNRS, Inserm, Biosit UAR 3480 US_S 018, Protim Core Facility, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Emmanuelle Com
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CNRS, Inserm, Biosit UAR 3480 US_S 018, Protim Core Facility, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Fabrice Pernet
- Ifremer, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, UMR 6539, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France
| | - Karine Salin
- Ifremer, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, UMR 6539, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France
| | - Elodie Fleury
- Ifremer, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, UMR 6539, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France
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6
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Collins M, Clark MS, Truebano M. The environmental cellular stress response: the intertidal as a multistressor model. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:467-475. [PMID: 37129699 PMCID: PMC10469114 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The wild poses a multifaceted challenge to the maintenance of cellular function. Therefore, a multistressor approach is essential to predict the cellular mechanisms which promote homeostasis and underpin whole-organism tolerance. The intertidal zone is particularly dynamic, and thus, its inhabitants provide excellent models to assess mechanisms underpinning multistressor tolerance. Here, we critically review our current understanding of the regulation of the cellular stress response (CSR) under multiple abiotic stressors in intertidal organisms and consider to what extent a multistressor approach brings us closer to understanding responses in the wild. The function of the CSR has been well documented in laboratory and field exposures with a view to understanding single-stressor thermal effects. Multistressor studies still remain relatively limited in comparison but have applied three main approaches: (i) laboratory application of multiple stressors in isolation, (ii) multiple stressors applied in combination, and (iii) field-based correlation of multiple stressors against the CSR. The application of multiple stressors in isolation has allowed the identification of putative, shared stress pathways but overlooks non-additive stressor interactions on the CSR. Combined stressor studies are relatively limited in number but already highlight variable effects on the CSR dependent upon stressor type, timing, and magnitude. Field studies have allowed the identification of responsive components of the CSR to various stressors in situ but are correlative, not causative. A combined approach involving laboratory multistressor studies linking the CSR to whole-organism tolerance as well as field studies is required if we are to understand the role of the CSR in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Collins
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Melody S Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, UK
| | - Manuela Truebano
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
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7
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Bogan SN, Strader ME, Hofmann GE. Associations between DNA methylation and gene regulation depend on chromatin accessibility during transgenerational plasticity. BMC Biol 2023; 21:149. [PMID: 37365578 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic processes are proposed to be a mechanism regulating gene expression during phenotypic plasticity. However, environmentally induced changes in DNA methylation exhibit little-to-no association with differential gene expression in metazoans at a transcriptome-wide level. It remains unexplored whether associations between environmentally induced differential methylation and expression are contingent upon other epigenomic processes such as chromatin accessibility. We quantified methylation and gene expression in larvae of the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus exposed to different ecologically relevant conditions during gametogenesis (maternal conditioning) and modeled changes in gene expression and splicing resulting from maternal conditioning as functions of differential methylation, incorporating covariates for genomic features and chromatin accessibility. We detected significant interactions between differential methylation, chromatin accessibility, and genic feature type associated with differential expression and splicing. RESULTS Differential gene body methylation had significantly stronger effects on expression among genes with poorly accessible transcriptional start sites while baseline transcript abundance influenced the direction of this effect. Transcriptional responses to maternal conditioning were 4-13 × more likely when accounting for interactions between methylation and chromatin accessibility, demonstrating that the relationship between differential methylation and gene regulation is partially explained by chromatin state. CONCLUSIONS DNA methylation likely possesses multiple associations with gene regulation during transgenerational plasticity in S. purpuratus and potentially other metazoans, but its effects are dependent on chromatin accessibility and underlying genic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel N Bogan
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, USA.
| | - Marie E Strader
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, USA
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Gretchen E Hofmann
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, USA
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8
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Pham K, Ho L, D'Incal CP, De Cock A, Berghe WV, Goethals P. Epigenetic analytical approaches in ecotoxicological aquatic research. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 330:121737. [PMID: 37121302 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental epigenetics has become a key research focus in global climate change studies and environmental pollutant investigations impacting aquatic ecosystems. Specifically, triggered by environmental stress conditions, intergenerational DNA methylation changes contribute to biological adaptive responses and survival of organisms to increase their tolerance towards these conditions. To critically review epigenetic analytical approaches in ecotoxicological aquatic research, we evaluated 78 publications reported over the past five years (2016-2021) that applied these methods to investigate the responses of aquatic organisms to environmental changes and pollution. The results show that DNA methylation appears to be the most robust epigenetic regulatory mark studied in aquatic animals. As such, multiple DNA methylation analysis methods have been developed in aquatic organisms, including enzyme restriction digestion-based and methyl-specific immunoprecipitation methods, and bisulfite (in)dependent sequencing strategies. In contrast, only a handful of aquatic studies, i.e. about 15%, have been focusing on histone variants and post-translational modifications due to the lack of species-specific affinity based immunological reagents, such as specific antibodies for chromatin immunoprecipitation applications. Similarly, ncRNA regulation remains as the least popular method used in the field of environmental epigenetics. Insights into the opportunities and challenges of the DNA methylation and histone variant analysis methods as well as decreasing costs of next generation sequencing approaches suggest that large-scale epigenetic environmental studies in model and non-model organisms will soon become available in the near future. Moreover, antibody-dependent and independent methods, such as mass spectrometry-based methods, can be used as an alternative epigenetic approach to characterize global changes of chromatin histone modifications in future aquatic research. Finally, a systematic guide for DNA methylation and histone variant methods is offered for ecotoxicological aquatic researchers to select the most relevant epigenetic analytical approach in their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Pham
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Long Ho
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Claudio Peter D'Incal
- Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Andrée De Cock
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Peter Goethals
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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9
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Espel D, Coux C, Pertierra LR, Eymar-Dauphin P, Lembrechts JJ, Renault D. Functional Niche Partitioning Occurs over Body Size but Not Nutrient Reserves nor Melanism in a Polar Carabid Beetle along an Altitudinal Gradient. INSECTS 2023; 14:123. [PMID: 36835692 PMCID: PMC9967798 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity can favor the emergence of different morphotypes specialized in specific ranges of environmental conditions. The existence of intraspecific partitioning confers resilience at the species scale and can ultimately determine species survival in a context of global changes. Amblystogenium pacificum is a carabid beetle endemic to the sub-Antarctic Crozet Islands, and it has two distinctive morphotypes based on body coloration. For this study, A. pacificum specimens of functional niches were sampled along an altitudinal gradient (as a proxy for temperature), and some morphological and biochemical traits were measured. We used an FAMD multivariate analysis and linear mixed-effects models to test whether these traits were related to morphotype, altitude, and sexual dimorphism. We then calculated and compared the functional niches at different altitudes and tested for niche partitioning through a hypervolume approach. We found a positive hump-shaped correlation between altitude and body size as well as higher protein and sugar reserves in females than in males. Our functional hypervolume results suggest that the main driver of niche partitioning along the altitudinal gradient is body size rather than morphotype or sex, even though darker morphotypes tended to be more functionally constrained at higher altitudes and females showed limited trait variations at the highest altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Espel
- CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution), UMR 6553, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Camille Coux
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Luis R. Pertierra
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Pauline Eymar-Dauphin
- CNRS, LEHNA (Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés), UMR 5023, University of Lyon 1, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jonas J. Lembrechts
- Research Group Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - David Renault
- CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution), UMR 6553, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
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10
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Genome-wide sequencing identifies a thermal-tolerance related synonymous mutation in the mussel, Mytilisepta virgata. Commun Biol 2023; 6:5. [PMID: 36596992 PMCID: PMC9810668 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04407-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The roles of synonymous mutations for adapting to stressful thermal environments are of fundamental biological and ecological interests but poorly understood. To study whether synonymous mutations influence thermal adaptation at specific microhabitats, a genome-wide genotype-phenotype association analysis is carried out in the black mussels Mytilisepta virgata. A synonymous mutation of Ubiquitin-specific Peptidase 15 (MvUSP15) is significantly associated with the physiological upper thermal limit. The individuals carrying GG genotype (the G-type) at the mutant locus possess significantly lower heat tolerance compared to the individuals carrying GA and AA genotypes (the A-type). When heated to sublethal temperature, the G-type exhibit higher inter-individual variations in MvUSP15 expression, especially for the mussels on the sun-exposed microhabitats. Taken together, a synonymous mutation in MvUSP15 can affect the gene expression profile and interact with microhabitat heterogeneity to influence thermal resistance. This integrative study sheds light on the ecological importance of adaptive synonymous mutations as an underappreciated genetic buffer against heat stress and emphasizes the importance of integrative studies at a microhabitat scale for evaluating and predicting the impacts of climate change.
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11
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Gauff RPM, Davoult D, Greff S, Bohner O, Coudret J, Jacquet S, Loisel S, Rondeau S, Sevin L, Wafo E, Lejeusne C. Pollution gradient leads to local adaptation and small-scale spatial variability of communities and functions in an urban marine environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155911. [PMID: 35577087 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization of coastal habitats, of which harbors and marinas are the paragon, has led to various ecological paradigms about their functioning. Harbor infrastructures offer new hard substrata that are colonized by a wide variety of organisms (biofouling) including many introduced species. These structures also modify hydrodynamism and contaminant dispersal, leading to strong disturbance gradients within them. Differences in sessile community structure have previously been correlated to these gradients at small spatial scale (<100 m). Local adaptation might be involved to explain such results, but as correlation is not causation, the present study aims to understand the causal link between the environmental gradients and community structure through a reciprocal transplant experiment among three sites of a marina (inner, middle, entrance). Our results highlighted strong small-scale spatial variations of contaminants (trace metals, PCB, pesticides, and PAH) in sediments and animal samples which have been causally linked to changes in community composition after transplant. But historical contingency and colonization succession also play an important role. Our results provided strong evidence for local adaptation since community structure, respiration, and pollutant uptake in Bugula neritina, as well as the metabolomes of B. neritina and Ciona intestinalis were impacted by the transplant with a disadvantage for individuals transplanted from the entrance to the inner location. The here observed results may thus indicate that the disturbance gradient in marinas might constitute a staple for selecting pollutant-resistant species and populations, causing local adaptation. This highlights the importance of conducting further studies into small scale local adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin P M Gauff
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France.
| | - Dominique Davoult
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Stéphane Greff
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Univ, IMBE, UMR 7263, Station Marine d'Endoume, Rue de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Bohner
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Jérôme Coudret
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Stéphanie Jacquet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/INSU, Université Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Loisel
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Simon Rondeau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Laure Sevin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Emmanuel Wafo
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, SSA, MCT, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Lejeusne
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Univ, IMBE, UMR 7263, Station Marine d'Endoume, Rue de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France
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12
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Vulnerability in Antarctic limpets: ready for an invasion of shell-crushing predators? Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Lam EK, Abegaz M, Gunderson AR, Tsukimura B, Stillman JH. Interactions Between Temperature Variability and Reproductive Physiology Across Traits in an Intertidal Crab. Front Physiol 2022; 13:796125. [PMID: 35350692 PMCID: PMC8957995 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.796125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal extremes alter population processes, which can result in part from temperature-induced movement at different spatial and temporal scales. Thermal thresholds for animal movement likely change based on underlying thermal physiology and life-history stage, a topic that requires greater study. The intertidal porcelain crab Petrolisthes cinctipes currently experiences temperatures that can reach near-lethal levels in the high-intertidal zone at low tide. However, the thermal thresholds that trigger migration to cooler microhabitats, and the extent to which crabs move in response to temperature, remain unknown. Moreover, the influence of reproductive status on these thresholds is rarely investigated. We integrated demographic, molecular, behavioral, and physiological measurements to determine if behavioral thermal limits varied due to reproductive state. Demographic data showed a trend for gravid, egg bearing, crabs to appear more often under rocks in the cooler intertidal zone where crab density is highest. In situ expression of 31 genes related to stress, metabolism, and growth in the field differed significantly based on intertidal elevation, with mid-intertidal crabs expressing the gene for the reproductive yolk protein vitellogenin (vg) earlier in the season. Furthermore, VG protein levels were shown to increase with density for female hemolymph. Testing for temperatures that elicit movement revealed that gravid females engage in heat avoidance behavior at lower temperatures (i.e., have a lower voluntary thermal maximum, VTmax) than non-gravid females. VTmax was positively correlated with the temperature of peak firing rate for distal afferent nerve fibers in the walking leg, a physiological relationship that could correspond to the mechanistic underpinning for temperature dependent movement. The vulnerability of marine organisms to global change is predicated by their ability to utilize and integrate physiological and behavioral strategies in response to temperature to maximize survival and reproduction. Interactions between fine-scale temperature variation and reproductive biology can have important consequences for the ecology of species, and is likely to influence how populations respond to ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. Lam
- Estuary and Ocean Science Center, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Emily K. Lam,
| | - Metadel Abegaz
- Estuary and Ocean Science Center, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA, United States
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Alex R. Gunderson
- Estuary and Ocean Science Center, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Brian Tsukimura
- Department of Biology, California State University, Fresno, CA, United States
| | - Jonathon H. Stillman
- Estuary and Ocean Science Center, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
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14
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Yusof NA, Masnoddin M, Charles J, Thien YQ, Nasib FN, Wong CMVL, Abdul Murad AM, Mahadi NM, Bharudin I. Can heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) serve as biomarkers in Antarctica for future ocean acidification, warming and salinity stress? Polar Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-022-03006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Antarctic Peninsula is one of the fastest-warming places on Earth. Elevated sea water temperatures cause glacier and sea ice melting. When icebergs melt into the ocean, it “freshens” the saltwater around them, reducing its salinity. The oceans absorb excess anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) causing decline in ocean pH, a process known as ocean acidification. Many marine organisms are specifically affected by ocean warming, freshening and acidification. Due to the sensitivity of Antarctica to global warming, using biomarkers is the best way for scientists to predict more accurately future climate change and provide useful information or ecological risk assessments. The 70-kilodalton (kDa) heat shock protein (HSP70) chaperones have been used as biomarkers of stress in temperate and tropical environments. The induction of the HSP70 genes (Hsp70) that alter intracellular proteins in living organisms is a signal triggered by environmental temperature changes. Induction of Hsp70 has been observed both in eukaryotes and in prokaryotes as response to environmental stressors including increased and decreased temperature, salinity, pH and the combined effects of changes in temperature, acidification and salinity stress. Generally, HSP70s play critical roles in numerous complex processes of metabolism; their synthesis can usually be increased or decreased during stressful conditions. However, there is a question as to whether HSP70s may serve as excellent biomarkers in the Antarctic considering the long residence time of Antarctic organisms in a cold polar environment which appears to have greatly modified the response of heat responding transcriptional systems. This review provides insight into the vital roles of HSP70 that make them ideal candidates as biomarkers for identifying resistance and resilience in response to abiotic stressors associated with climate change, which are the effects of ocean warming, freshening and acidification in Antarctic organisms.
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15
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Johnson KM, Sirovy KA, Kelly MW. Differential DNA methylation across environments has no effect on gene expression in the eastern oyster. J Anim Ecol 2021; 91:1135-1147. [PMID: 34882793 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that environmentally induced changes to gene body methylation could facilitate adaptive transgenerational responses to changing environments. We compared patterns of global gene expression (Tag-seq) and gene body methylation (reduced representation bisulfite sequencing) in 80 eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica from six full-sib families, common gardened for 14 months at two sites in the northern Gulf of Mexico that differed in mean salinity. At the time of sampling, oysters from the two sites differed in mass by 60% and in parasite loads by nearly two orders of magnitude. They also differentially expressed 35% of measured transcripts. However, we observed differential methylation at only 1.4% of potentially methylated loci in comparisons between individuals from these different environments, and little correspondence between differential methylation and differential gene expression. Instead, methylation patterns were largely driven by genetic differences among families, with a PERMANOVA analysis indicating nearly a two orders of magnitude greater number of genes differentially methylated between families than between environments. An analysis of CpG observed/expected values (CpG O/E) across the C. virginica genome showed a distinct bimodal distribution, with genes from the first cluster showing the lower CpG O/E values, greater methylation and higher and more stable gene expression, while genes from the second cluster showed lower methylation, and lower and more variable gene expression. Taken together, the differential methylation results suggest that only a small portion of the C. virginica genome is affected by environmentally induced changes in methylation. At this point, there is little evidence to suggest that environmentally induced methylation states would play a leading role in regulating gene expression responses to new environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Johnson
- Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA.,California Sea Grant, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kyle A Sirovy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Morgan W Kelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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16
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de Aranzamendi MC, Martínez JJ, Held C, Sahade R. Parallel shape divergence between ecotypes of the limpet Nacella concinna along the Antarctic Peninsula: a new model species for parallel evolution? ZOOLOGY 2021; 150:125983. [PMID: 34915245 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2021.125983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Parallel phenotypic divergence is the independent differentiation between phenotypes of the same lineage or species occupying ecologically similar environments in different populations. We tested in the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna the extent of parallel morphological divergence in littoral and sublittoral ecotypes throughout its distribution range. These ecotypes differ in morphological, behavioural and physiological characteristics. We studied the lateral and dorsal outlines of shells and the genetic variation of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I from both ecotypes in 17 sample sites along more than 2,000 km. The genetic data indicate that both ecotypes belong to a single evolutionary lineage. The magnitude and direction of phenotypic variation differ between ecotypes across sample sites; completely parallel ecotype-pairs (i.e., they diverge in the same magnitude and in the same direction) were detected in 84.85% of lateral and 65.15% in dorsal view comparisons. Besides, specific traits (relative shell height, position of shell apex, and elliptical/pear-shape outline variation) showed high parallelism. We observed weak morphological covariation between the two shape shell views, indicating that distinct evolutionary forces and environmental pressures could be acting on this limpet shell shape. Our results demonstrate there is a strong parallel morphological divergence pattern in N. concinna along its distribution, making this Antarctic species a suitable model for the study of different evolutionary forces shaping the shell evolution of this limpet.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carla de Aranzamendi
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Cátedra de Ecología Marina, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Ecosistemas Marinos y Polares (ECOMARES), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Juan José Martínez
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biogeografía, Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA), CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, C. Gorriti 237, San Salvador de Jujuy, 4600, Argentina.
| | - Christoph Held
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Ricardo Sahade
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Cátedra de Ecología Marina, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Ecosistemas Marinos y Polares (ECOMARES), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC, Córdoba, Argentina.
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17
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Collins M, Peck LS, Clark MS. Large within, and between, species differences in marine cellular responses: Unpredictability in a changing environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148594. [PMID: 34225140 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the impacts of altered environments on future biodiversity requires a detailed understanding of organism responses to change. To date, studies evaluating mechanisms underlying marine organism stress responses have largely concentrated on oxygen limitation and the use of heat shock proteins as biomarkers. However, whether these biomarkers represent responses that are consistent across species and different environmental stressors remains open to question. Here we show that responses to four different thermal stresses (three rates of thermal ramping (1 °C h-1, 1 °C day-1 or 1 °C 3 day-1) and a three-month acclimation to warming of 2 °C) applied to three species of Antarctic marine invertebrate produced highly individual responses in gene expression profiles, both within and between species. Mapping the gene expression profiles from each treatment for each of the three species, identified considerable difference in numbers of differentially regulated transcripts ranging from 10 to 3011. When these data were correlated across the different temperature treatments, there was no evidence for a common response with only 0-2 transcripts shared between all four treatments within any one species. There were also no shared differentially expressed genes across species, even at the same thermal ramping rates. The classical cellular stress response (CSR) i.e. up-regulation of heat shock proteins, was only strongly present in two species at the fastest ramping rate of 1 °C h-1, albeit with different sets of stress genes expressed in each species. These data demonstrate the wide variability in response to warming at the molecular level in marine species. Therefore, identification of biodiversity stress responses engendered by changing conditions will require evaluation at the species level using targeted key members of the ecosystem, strongly correlated to the local biotic and abiotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Collins
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK; Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Lloyd S Peck
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
| | - Melody S Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK.
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18
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Dong YW, Liao ML, Han GD, Somero GN. An integrated, multi-level analysis of thermal effects on intertidal molluscs for understanding species distribution patterns. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:554-581. [PMID: 34713568 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the physiological mechanisms that underlie thermal stress and discovering how species differ in capacities for phenotypic acclimatization and evolutionary adaptation to this stress is critical for understanding current latitudinal and vertical distribution patterns of species and for predicting their future state in a warming world. Such mechanistic analyses require careful choice of study systems (species and temperature-sensitive traits) and design of laboratory experiments that reflect the complexities of in situ conditions. Here, we critically review a wide range of studies of intertidal molluscs that provide mechanistic accounts of thermal effects across all levels of biological organization - behavioural, organismal, organ level, cellular, molecular, and genomic - and show how temperature-sensitive traits govern distribution patterns and capacities for coping with thermal stress. Comparisons of congeners from different thermal habitats are especially effective means for identifying adaptive variation. We employ these mechanistic analyses to illustrate how species differ in the severity of threats posed by rising temperature. Counterintuitively, we show that some of the most heat-tolerant species may be most threatened by increases in temperatures because of their small thermal safety margins and minimal abilities to acclimatize to higher temperatures. We discuss recent molecular biological and genomic studies that provide critical foundations for understanding the types of evolutionary changes in protein structure, RNA secondary structure, genome content, and gene expression capacities that underlie adaptation to temperature. Duplication of stress-related genes, as found in heat-tolerant molluscs, may provide enhanced capacity for coping with higher temperatures. We propose that the anatomical, behavioural, physiological, and genomic diversity found among intertidal molluscs, which commonly are of critical importance and high abundance in these ecosystems, makes this group of animals a highly appropriate study system for addressing questions about the mechanistic determinants of current and future distribution patterns of intertidal organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Wei Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China
| | - Ming-Ling Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Guo-Dong Han
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - George N Somero
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California, 93950, U.S.A
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19
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Clark MS, Peck LS, Thyrring J. Resilience in Greenland intertidal Mytilus: The hidden stress defense. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144366. [PMID: 33434840 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic is experiencing particularly rapid rates of warming, consequently invasive boreal species are now able to survive the less extreme Arctic winter temperatures. Whilst persistence of intertidal and terrestrial species in the Arctic is primarily determined by their ability to tolerate the freezing winters, air temperatures in the Arctic summer can reach 36 °C in the intertidal, which is beyond the upper thermal limits of many marine species. This is normally lethal for the conspicuous ecosystem engineer Mytilus edulis. Transcriptomic analyses were undertaken on both in situ collected and experimentally warmed animals to understand whether M. edulis is able to tolerate these very high summer temperatures. Surprisingly there was no significant enrichment for Gene Ontology terms (GO) when comparing the inner and outer fjord intertidal animals with outer fjord subtidal (control) animals, representing animals collected at 27 °C, 19 °C and 3 °C respectively. This lack of differentiation indicated a wide acclimation ability in this species. Conversely, significant enrichment for processes such as signal transduction, cytoskeleton and cellular protein modification was identified in the expression profiles of the 22 °C and 32 °C experimentally heated animals. This difference in gene expression between in situ collected and experimentally warmed animals was almost certainly due to the former being acclimated to a fluctuating, but predictable, temperature regime, which has increased their thermal tolerances. Interestingly, there was no evidence for enrichment of the classical cellular stress response in any of the animals sampled. Identification of a massive expansion of the HSPA12 heat shock protein 70 kDa gene family presented the possibility of these genes acting as intertidal regulators underpinning thermal resilience. This expansion has resulted in a modified cellular stress response, as an evolutionary adaptation to the rigour of the invasive intertidal life style. Thus, M. edulis appear to have considerable capacity to withstand the current rates of Arctic warming, and the very large attendant thermal variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody S Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK.
| | - Lloyd S Peck
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Jakob Thyrring
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 4200 - 6270 University Blvd., V6T 1Z4 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Bioscience - Marine Ecology, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, Silkeborg 8600, Denmark
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20
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de Aranzamendi MC, Servetto N, Movilla J, Bettencourt R, Sahade R. Ocean acidification effects on the stress response in a calcifying antarctic coastal organism: The case of Nacella concinna ecotypes. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 166:112218. [PMID: 33721687 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) could become a serious threat for the Antarctic marine ecosystem over coming years, as the solubility of atmospheric CO2 and CaCO3 minerals increases at lower temperatures. We evaluated the effect of OA on the stress response of the limpet Nacella concinna by measuring gene expression levels. The experiment was performed with the two ecotypes (Littoral and Sublittoral) of the species during 54 days (IPCC, 2019 scenario RCP8.5; control, ~375 ppm; low-pH treatment, ~923 ppm). Exposure to low-pH treatment during 15 days triggered the down-regulation of two heat-shock protein genes (HSP70A, HSP70B) only in sublittoral individuals. Little variation in the relative expression values of all genes in both ecotypes was observed probably, due to a historical exposure to the substantial daily natural pH fluctuations recorded in the study area during the experiment. This study provides relevant baseline data for future OA experiments on coastal species in Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C de Aranzamendi
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299 (X5000JJC), Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Ecosistemas Marinos Polares, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - N Servetto
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299 (X5000JJC), Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Ecosistemas Marinos Polares, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J Movilla
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Estación de Investigación Jaume Ferrer, La Mola s/n 07720 Menorca, Spain
| | - R Bettencourt
- OKEANOS Marine Research Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9900-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - R Sahade
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299 (X5000JJC), Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Ecosistemas Marinos Polares, Córdoba, Argentina.
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21
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Andrade M, Rivera-Ingraham G, Soares AMVM, Miranda Rocha RJ, Pereira E, Solé M, Freitas R. How do life-history traits influence the fate of intertidal and subtidal Mytilus galloprovincialis in a changing climate? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110381. [PMID: 33130173 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coastal organisms (i.e. intertidal or upper subtidal species) live in between the terrestrial and aquatic realms, making them particularly vulnerable to climate change. In this context, intertidal organisms may suffer from the predicted sea level rise (increasing their submerged time) while subtidal organisms may suffer from anthropically-induced hypoxia and its consequences. Although there is some knowledge on how coastal organisms adapt to environmental changes, the biochemical and physiological consequences of prolonged submergence periods have not yet been well characterized. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the biochemical alterations experienced by intertidal organisms maintained always under tidal exposure (IT); intertidal organisms maintained submersed (IS); subtidal organisms maintained always submersed (SS); subtidal organisms under tidal exposure (ST). For this, Mytilus galloprovincialis specimens from contiguous intertidal and subtidal populations were exposed to the above mentioned conditions for twenty-eight days. Results indicated that both intertidal and subtidal mussels are adapted to the oxidative stress pressure caused by tidal and submerged conditions tested. Intertidal mussels did not seem to be negatively affected by submergence while ST specimens were energetically challenged by tidal exposure. Both IT and ST mussels consumed glycogen to fuel up mechanisms aiming to maintain redox homeostasis. Overall, both intertidal and subtidal populations were capable of coping with tidal exposure, although the strategies employed differed between them. These findings indicate that although IT mussels may not significantly suffer from the longer-term submergence, hypoxic events occurring in the context of global warming and other anthropogenic impacts may have consequences on both IT and ST populations. Altogether, it is important to highlight that tides may act as a confounding factor in experiments concerning coastal organisms, as it causes additional physiological and biochemical perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Andrade
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Georgina Rivera-Ingraham
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética Marina (FIGEMA), Departamento de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Eduarda Pereira
- Departamento de Química & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Montserrat Solé
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar ICM-CSIC, E-08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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22
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Madeira D, Fernandes JF, Jerónimo D, Ricardo F, Santos A, Domingues MR, Calado R. Calcium homeostasis and stable fatty acid composition underpin heatwave tolerance of the keystone polychaete Hediste diversicolor. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110885. [PMID: 33609552 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extreme weather events, such as heatwaves, are becoming increasingly frequent, long-lasting and severe as global climate change continues, shaping marine biodiversity patterns worldwide. Increased risk of overheating and mortality across major taxa have been recurrently observed, jeopardizing the sustainability of ecosystem services. Molecular responses of species, which scale up to physiological and population responses, are determinant processes that modulate species sensitivity or tolerance to extreme weather events. Here, by integrating proteomic, fatty acid profiling and physiological approaches, we show that the tolerance of the intertidal ragworm Hediste diversicolor, a keystone species in estuarine ecosystems and an emergent blue bio-resource, to long-lasting heatwaves (24 vs 30 °C for 30 days) is shaped by calcium homeostasis, immune function and stability of fatty acid profiles. These features potentially enabled H. diversicolor to increase its thermal tolerance limit by 0.81 °C under the heatwave scenario and maintain survival. No growth trade-offs were detected, as wet weight remained stable across conditions. Biological variation of physiological parameters was lower when compared to molecular measures. Proteins showed an overall elevated coefficient of variation, although decreasing molecular variance under the heatwave scenario was observed for both proteins and fatty acids. This finding is consistent with the phenomenon of physiological canalization in extreme environments and contradicts the theory that novel conditions increase trait variation. Our results show that keystone highly valued marine polychaetes are tolerant to heatwaves, confirming the potential of H. diversicolor as a blue bio-resource and opening new avenues for sustainable marine aquaculture development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Madeira
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Estrada Do Porto de Pesca Costeira, 3830-565, Gafanha da Nazaré, Portugal; UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; University of Quebec in Rimouski (UQAR), Department of Biology, Chemistry and Geography, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada.
| | - Joana Filipa Fernandes
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Estrada Do Porto de Pesca Costeira, 3830-565, Gafanha da Nazaré, Portugal
| | - Daniel Jerónimo
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Estrada Do Porto de Pesca Costeira, 3830-565, Gafanha da Nazaré, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ricardo
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Estrada Do Porto de Pesca Costeira, 3830-565, Gafanha da Nazaré, Portugal
| | - Andreia Santos
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Estrada Do Porto de Pesca Costeira, 3830-565, Gafanha da Nazaré, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Calado
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Estrada Do Porto de Pesca Costeira, 3830-565, Gafanha da Nazaré, Portugal.
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23
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Collins M, Clark MS, Spicer JI, Truebano M. Transcriptional frontloading contributes to cross-tolerance between stressors. Evol Appl 2021; 14:577-587. [PMID: 33664796 PMCID: PMC7896706 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptive value of phenotypic plasticity for performance under single stressors is well documented. However, plasticity may only truly be adaptive in the natural multifactorial environment if it confers resilience to stressors of a different nature, a phenomenon known as cross-tolerance. An understanding of the mechanistic basis of cross-tolerance is essential to aid prediction of species resilience to future environmental change. Here, we identified mechanisms underpinning cross-tolerance between two stressors predicted to increasingly challenge aquatic ecosystems under climate change, chronic warming and hypoxia, in an ecologically-important aquatic invertebrate. Warm acclimation improved hypoxic performance through an adaptive hypometabolic strategy and changes in the expression of hundreds of genes that are important in the response to hypoxia. These 'frontloaded' genes showed a reduced reaction to hypoxia in the warm acclimated compared to the cold acclimated group. Frontloaded genes included stress indicators, immune response and protein synthesis genes that are protective at the cellular level. We conclude that increased constitutive gene expression as a result of warm acclimation reduced the requirement for inducible stress responses to hypoxia. We propose that transcriptional frontloading contributes to cross-tolerance between stressors and may promote fitness of organisms in environments increasingly challenged by multiple anthropogenic threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Collins
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine SciencesUniversity of PlymouthPlymouthUK
- British Antarctic SurveyNatural Environment Research CouncilCambridgeUK
| | - Melody S. Clark
- British Antarctic SurveyNatural Environment Research CouncilCambridgeUK
| | - John I. Spicer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine SciencesUniversity of PlymouthPlymouthUK
| | - Manuela Truebano
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine SciencesUniversity of PlymouthPlymouthUK
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24
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Green Etxabe A, Pini JM, Short S, Cunha L, Kille P, Watson GJ. Identifying conserved polychaete molecular markers of metal exposure: Comparative analyses using the Alitta virens (Annelida, Lophotrochozoa) transcriptome. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 240:108913. [PMID: 33164845 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polychaetes are vital for evaluating the effects of toxic metals in marine systems, and sensitive molecular biomarkers should be integral to monitoring efforts. However, the few polychaete markers that exist are inconsistent, even within the same species, failing to identify gene expression changes in metal-exposed animals incurring clear metabolic costs. Comparing previously characterised polychaete metal-responsive genes with those of another carefully selected species could identify biomarkers applicable across polychaetes. The ragworm Alitta virens (Sars, 1835) is particularly suited for such comparisons due to its dominance of fully saline coastal areas, widespread distribution, large biomass, and its phylogenetic position relative to other polychaete 'omic' resources. A transcriptome atlas for A. virens was generated and an RNASeq-qPCR screening approach was used to characterise the response to chronic exposures of environmentally relevant concentrations of copper and zinc in controlled mesocosms. Genes presenting dramatic expression changes in A. virens were compared with known metal-responsive genes in other polychaetes to identify new possible biomarkers and assess those currently used. This revealed some current markers should probably be abandoned (e.g. Atox1), while others, such as GST-Omega, should be used with caution, as different polychaete species appear to upregulate distinct GST-Omega orthologues. In addition, the comparisons give some indication of genes that are induced by metal exposure across phylogenetically divergent polychaetes, including a suite of haemoglobin subunits and linker chains that could play conserved roles in metal-stress response. Although such newly identified markers need further characterisation, they offer alternatives to current markers that are plainly insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Green Etxabe
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Jennifer M Pini
- CP-Texinfine (France), 60 Rue Duguesclin, 69006 Lyon, France
| | - Stephen Short
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Luis Cunha
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Wales CF37 4BD, UK
| | - Peter Kille
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Gordon J Watson
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth PO4 9LY, UK
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25
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Navarro JM, Détrée C, Morley SA, Cárdenas L, Ortiz A, Vargas-Chacoff L, Paschke K, Gallardo P, Guillemin ML, Gonzalez-Wevar C. Evaluating the effects of ocean warming and freshening on the physiological energetics and transcriptomic response of the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:142448. [PMID: 33113697 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the Southern Ocean, warming and freshening are expected to be prominent signals of climate change and the reduced ability of Antarctic marine organisms to cope with changing environmental conditions could challenge their future survival. The Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna is a macroinvertebrate of rocky ecosystems, which occurs in high densities in the shallow subtidal zone. Subtidal individuals were exposed to a combination of temperatures (1, 4, 8, 11, 14 °C) and salinities (20 and 30 psu) for a 60-day period. A drastic increment in mortality was observed with seawater warming, showing that N. concinna is highly stenothermal, with limited ability to survive at temperatures warmer than 4 °C, although there was some degree of acclimation at 4 °C and ambient salinity (30 psu). This study confirmed the stenohaline characteristic of this species, with mortality reaching 50% and lower scope for growth at low salinity (20 psu) even at the control temperature (1 °C). At the sub-cellular level, limpets' low tolerance to out-of range salinity is illustrated by the activation of cell remodelling processes whereas the down-regulation of chaperones proteins and plasma membrane ATPase suggest that under the combination of warming and freshening N. concinna experiences a severe level of stress and devote much of its energy to somatic maintenance and survival. The drastic effect observed can be explained by its subtidal origin, an environment with more stable conditions. The surviving individuals at 1 °C and lowered salinity (20 psu) were either more tolerant or showing signs of acclimation after 60 days, but the combination of warming and freshening have a greater combined stress. Projections of climate change for end of the century for this part of the Antarctic can, therefore, result in a significant diminution of the subtidal population of N. concinna, affecting ecological interactions and diversity of the food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M Navarro
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Camille Détrée
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Simon A Morley
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Leyla Cárdenas
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile; Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alejandro Ortiz
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Luis Vargas-Chacoff
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Kurt Paschke
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile; Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Pablo Gallardo
- Centro de Cultivos Marinos Bahía Laredo, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Marie-Laure Guillemin
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile; Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMI 3614 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Universidad Austral de Chile, Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Claudio Gonzalez-Wevar
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
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26
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Clark MS, Peck LS, Arivalagan J, Backeljau T, Berland S, Cardoso JCR, Caurcel C, Chapelle G, De Noia M, Dupont S, Gharbi K, Hoffman JI, Last KS, Marie A, Melzner F, Michalek K, Morris J, Power DM, Ramesh K, Sanders T, Sillanpää K, Sleight VA, Stewart-Sinclair PJ, Sundell K, Telesca L, Vendrami DLJ, Ventura A, Wilding TA, Yarra T, Harper EM. Deciphering mollusc shell production: the roles of genetic mechanisms through to ecology, aquaculture and biomimetics. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1812-1837. [PMID: 32737956 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Most molluscs possess shells, constructed from a vast array of microstructures and architectures. The fully formed shell is composed of calcite or aragonite. These CaCO3 crystals form complex biocomposites with proteins, which although typically less than 5% of total shell mass, play significant roles in determining shell microstructure. Despite much research effort, large knowledge gaps remain in how molluscs construct and maintain their shells, and how they produce such a great diversity of forms. Here we synthesize results on how shell shape, microstructure, composition and organic content vary among, and within, species in response to numerous biotic and abiotic factors. At the local level, temperature, food supply and predation cues significantly affect shell morphology, whilst salinity has a much stronger influence across latitudes. Moreover, we emphasize how advances in genomic technologies [e.g. restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) and epigenetics] allow detailed examinations of whether morphological changes result from phenotypic plasticity or genetic adaptation, or a combination of these. RAD-Seq has already identified single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with temperature and aquaculture practices, whilst epigenetic processes have been shown significantly to modify shell construction to local conditions in, for example, Antarctica and New Zealand. We also synthesize results on the costs of shell construction and explore how these affect energetic trade-offs in animal metabolism. The cellular costs are still debated, with CaCO3 precipitation estimates ranging from 1-2 J/mg to 17-55 J/mg depending on experimental and environmental conditions. However, organic components are more expensive (~29 J/mg) and recent data indicate transmembrane calcium ion transporters can involve considerable costs. This review emphasizes the role that molecular analyses have played in demonstrating multiple evolutionary origins of biomineralization genes. Although these are characterized by lineage-specific proteins and unique combinations of co-opted genes, a small set of protein domains have been identified as a conserved biomineralization tool box. We further highlight the use of sequence data sets in providing candidate genes for in situ localization and protein function studies. The former has elucidated gene expression modularity in mantle tissue, improving understanding of the diversity of shell morphology synthesis. RNA interference (RNAi) and clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats - CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) experiments have provided proof of concept for use in the functional investigation of mollusc gene sequences, showing for example that Pif (aragonite-binding) protein plays a significant role in structured nacre crystal growth and that the Lsdia1 gene sets shell chirality in Lymnaea stagnalis. Much research has focused on the impacts of ocean acidification on molluscs. Initial studies were predominantly pessimistic for future molluscan biodiversity. However, more sophisticated experiments incorporating selective breeding and multiple generations are identifying subtle effects and that variability within mollusc genomes has potential for adaption to future conditions. Furthermore, we highlight recent historical studies based on museum collections that demonstrate a greater resilience of molluscs to climate change compared with experimental data. The future of mollusc research lies not solely with ecological investigations into biodiversity, and this review synthesizes knowledge across disciplines to understand biomineralization. It spans research ranging from evolution and development, through predictions of biodiversity prospects and future-proofing of aquaculture to identifying new biomimetic opportunities and societal benefits from recycling shell products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody S Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, U.K
| | - Lloyd S Peck
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, U.K
| | - Jaison Arivalagan
- UMR 7245 CNRS/MNHN Molécules de Communications et Adaptations des Micro-organismes, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.,Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, 710 N Fairbanks Ct, Chicago, IL, U.S.A
| | - Thierry Backeljau
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, Brussels, B-1000, Belgium.,Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, B-2610, Belgium
| | - Sophie Berland
- UMR 7208 CNRS/MNHN/UPMC/IRD Biologie des Organismes Aquatiques et Ecosystèmes, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Joao C R Cardoso
- Centro de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Carlos Caurcel
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, U.K
| | - Gauthier Chapelle
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, Brussels, B-1000, Belgium
| | - Michele De Noia
- Department of Animal Behavior, University of Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Sam Dupont
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Göteburg, Box 463, Göteburg, SE405 30, Sweden
| | - Karim Gharbi
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, U.K
| | - Joseph I Hoffman
- Department of Animal Behavior, University of Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Kim S Last
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, U.K
| | - Arul Marie
- UMR 7245 CNRS/MNHN Molécules de Communications et Adaptations des Micro-organismes, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Frank Melzner
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - Kati Michalek
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, U.K
| | - James Morris
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, Brussels, B-1000, Belgium
| | - Deborah M Power
- Centro de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Kirti Ramesh
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - Trystan Sanders
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - Kirsikka Sillanpää
- Swemarc, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, Gothenburg, SE405 30, Sweden
| | - Victoria A Sleight
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, U.K
| | | | - Kristina Sundell
- Swemarc, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, Gothenburg, SE405 30, Sweden
| | - Luca Telesca
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, U.K
| | - David L J Vendrami
- Department of Animal Behavior, University of Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Alexander Ventura
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Göteburg, Box 463, Göteburg, SE405 30, Sweden
| | - Thomas A Wilding
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, U.K
| | - Tejaswi Yarra
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, U.K.,Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, U.K
| | - Elizabeth M Harper
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, U.K
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27
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Abstract
Much recent marine research has been directed towards understanding the effects of anthropogenic-induced environmental change on marine biodiversity, particularly for those animals with heavily calcified exoskeletons, such as corals, molluscs and urchins. This is because life in our oceans is becoming more challenging for these animals with changes in temperature, pH and salinity. In the future, it will be more energetically expensive to make marine skeletons and the increasingly corrosive conditions in seawater are expected to result in the dissolution of these external skeletons. However, initial predictions of wide-scale sensitivity are changing as we understand more about the mechanisms underpinning skeletal production (biomineralization). These studies demonstrate the complexity of calcification pathways and the cellular responses of animals to these altered conditions. Factors including parental conditioning, phenotypic plasticity and epigenetics can significantly impact the production of skeletons and thus future population success. This understanding is paralleled by an increase in our knowledge of the genes and proteins involved in biomineralization, particularly in some phyla, such as urchins, molluscs and corals. This Review will provide a broad overview of our current understanding of the factors affecting skeletal production in marine invertebrates. It will focus on the molecular mechanisms underpinning biomineralization and how knowledge of these processes affects experimental design and our ability to predict responses to climate change. Understanding marine biomineralization has many tangible benefits in our changing world, including improvements in conservation and aquaculture and exploitation of natural calcified structure design using biomimicry approaches that are aimed at producing novel biocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody S Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
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28
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Johnson KM, Hofmann GE. Combined stress of ocean acidification and warming influence survival and drives differential gene expression patterns in the Antarctic pteropod, Limacina helicina antarctica. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 8:coaa013. [PMID: 32257214 PMCID: PMC7098371 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ecologically important thecosome pteropods in the Limacina spp. complex have recently been the focus of studies examining the impacts global change factors - e.g., ocean acidification (OA) and ocean warming (OW) - on their performance and physiology. This focus is driven by conservation concerns where the health of pteropod populations is threatened by the high susceptibility of their shells to dissolution in low aragonite saturation states associated with OA and how coupling of these stressors may push pteropods past the limits of physiological plasticity. In this manipulation experiment, we describe changes in the transcriptome of the Antarctic pteropod, Limacina helicina antarctica, to these combined stressors. The conditions used in the laboratory treatments met or exceeded those projected for the Southern Ocean by the year 2100. We made two general observations regarding the outcome of the data: (1) Temperature was more influential than pH in terms of changing patterns of gene expression, and (2) these Antarctic pteropods appeared to have a significant degree of transcriptomic plasticity to respond to acute abiotic stress in the laboratory. In general, differential gene expression was observed amongst the treatments; here, for example, transcripts associated with maintaining protein structure and cell proliferation were up-regulated. To disentangle the effects of OA and OW, we used a weighted gene co-expression network analysis to explore patterns of change in the transcriptome. This approach identified gene networks associated with OW that were enriched for transcripts proposed to be involved in increasing membrane fluidity at warmer temperatures. Together these data provide evidence that L.h.antarctica has a limited capacity to acclimate to the combined conditions of OA and OW used in this study. This reduced scope of acclimation argues for continued study of how adaptation to polar aquatic environments may limit the plasticity of present-day populations in responding to future environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Gretchen E Hofmann
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9620 USA
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Convey P, Peck LS. Antarctic environmental change and biological responses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaz0888. [PMID: 31807713 PMCID: PMC6881164 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz0888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Antarctica and the surrounding Southern Ocean are facing complex environmental change. Their native biota has adapted to the region's extreme conditions over many millions of years. This unique biota is now challenged by environmental change and the direct impacts of human activity. The terrestrial biota is characterized by considerable physiological and ecological flexibility and is expected to show increases in productivity, population sizes and ranges of individual species, and community complexity. However, the establishment of non-native organisms in both terrestrial and marine ecosystems may present an even greater threat than climate change itself. In the marine environment, much more limited response flexibility means that even small levels of warming are threatening. Changing sea ice has large impacts on ecosystem processes, while ocean acidification and coastal freshening are expected to have major impacts.
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Madeira D, Mendonça V, Madeira C, Gaiteiro C, Vinagre C, Diniz MS. Molecular assessment of wild populations in the marine realm: Importance of taxonomic, seasonal and habitat patterns in environmental monitoring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 654:250-263. [PMID: 30447573 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Scientists are currently faced with the challenge of assessing the effects of anthropogenic stressors on aquatic ecosystems. Cellular stress response (CSR) biomarkers are ubiquitous and phylogenetically conserved among metazoans and have been successfully applied in environmental monitoring but they can also vary according to natural biotic and abiotic factors. The reported variability may thus limit the wide application of biomarkers in monitoring, imposing the need to identify variability levels in the field. Our aim was to carry out a comprehensive in situ assessment of the CSR (heat shock protein 70 kDa, ubiquitin, antioxidant enzymes) and oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation) in wild populations across marine taxa by collecting fish, crustaceans, mollusks and cnidarians during two different seasons (spring and summer) and two habitat types (coast and estuary). CSR end-point patterns were different between taxa with mollusks having higher biomarker levels, followed by the cnidarians, while fish and crustaceans showed lower biomarker levels. The PCA showed clear clusters related to mobility/sessile traits with sessile organisms showing greater levels (>2-fold) of CSR proteins and oxidative damage. Mean intraspecific variability in the CSR measured by the coefficient of variation (% CV) (including data from all seasons and sites) was elevated (35-94%). Overall, there was a seasonal differentiation in biomarker patterns across taxonomic groups, especially evident in fish and cnidarians. A differentiation in biomarker patterns between habitat types was also observed and associated with phenotypic plasticity or local adaptation. Overall, specimens collected in the estuary had lower biomarker levels when compared to specimens collected in the coast. This work highlights the importance of assessing baseline biomarker levels across taxa, seasons and habitats prior to applying biomarker analyses in environmental monitoring. Selecting bioindicator species, defining sampling strategies, and identifying confounding factors are crucial preliminary steps that ensure the success of biomarkers as powerful tools in biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Madeira
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Vanessa Mendonça
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carolina Madeira
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Gaiteiro
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Vinagre
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mário S Diniz
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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Watson GJ, Pini JM, Richir J. Chronic exposure to copper and zinc induces DNA damage in the polychaete Alitta virens and the implications for future toxicity of coastal sites. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:1498-1508. [PMID: 30293035 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Copper and zinc are metals that have been traditionally thought of as past contamination legacies. However, their industrial use is still extensive and current applications (e.g. nanoparticles and antifouling paints) have become additional marine environment delivery routes. Determining a pollutant's genotoxicity is an ecotoxicological priority, but in marine benthic systems putative substances responsible for sediment genotoxicity have rarely been identified. Studies that use sediment as the delivery matrix combined with exposures over life-history relevant timescales are also missing for metals. Here we assess copper and zinc's genotoxicity by exposing the ecologically important polychaete Alitta virens to sediment spiked with environmentally relevant concentrations for 9 months. Target bioavailable sediment and subsequent porewater concentrations reflect the global contamination range for coasts, whilst tissue concentrations, although elevated, were comparable with other polychaetes. Survival generally reduced as concentrations increased, but monthly analyses show that growth was not significantly different between treatments. The differential treatment mortality may have enabled the surviving worms in the high concentration treatments to capture more food thus removing any concentration treatment effects for biomass. Using the alkaline comet assay we confirm that both metals via the sediment are genotoxic at concentrations routinely found in coastal regions and this is supported by elevated DNA damage in worms from field sites. However, combined with the growth data it also highlights the tolerance of A. virens to DNA damage. Finally, using long term (decadal) monitoring data we show stable or increasing sediment concentrations of these metals for many areas. This will potentially mean coastal sediment is a significant mutagenic hazard to the benthic community for decades to come. An urgent reappraisal of the current input sources for these 'old pollutants' is, therefore, required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon J Watson
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, UK.
| | - Jennifer M Pini
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Jonathan Richir
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, UK; Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Biological Oceanography Faculty of Sciences, FOCUS University of Liege, Quartier Agora, allée du six Août 19, Bât B5A 4000, Sart Tilman, Belgium
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Watson GJ. “Winners” and “losers” in the Anthropocene: Understanding adaptation through phenotypic plasticity. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon J. Watson
- Institute of Marine SciencesSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of Portsmouth Portsmouth UK
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