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Bita‐Nicolae C, Florescu LI, Purice D, Kaya O. Riparian woody plant communities in the Romanian Carpathians: Species diversity and community structure of Salix and Hippophaë communities. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11361. [PMID: 38774135 PMCID: PMC11106592 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Riparian woody plant communities, including shrubs and trees, are essential for maintaining biodiversity, protecting against floods, reducing erosion, and transporting nutrients. However, these habitats are greatly threatened by human activities, particularly agricultural land acquisition, and the introduction of invasive species. This study examined species diversity and interspecific association in riparian woody plant communities along rivers in the Romanian Carpathians. The study focused on communities of Salix purpurea, S. alba, and Hippophaë rhamnoides in mountain regions, with varying sampling efforts at different sites for each species. A total of 174 plant species were found, predominantly herbaceous (77.9%), followed by trees (11.6%) and shrubs (10.5%). While S. alba and S. purpurea communities show high species richness and abundance, S. alba has slightly higher diversity (H' ≈ 2.23, SD = 0.28) than S. purpurea (H' ≈ 1.69, SD = 0.42). Contrarily, significant differences exist between H. rhamnoides and S. alba communities in species richness (p = .007) and Shannon diversity (p = .004). PCA analysis elaborated on distinct distribution patterns of plant associations within habitats S. purpurea community, H. rhamnoides community, and S. alba community. Four invasive species (Oenothera biennis L. and Oxalis stricta L. in S. alba communities, Reynoutria sachalinensis Nakai in both S. purpurea and H. rhamnoides communities, and Erigeron canadensis L. in H. rhamnoides communities) were identified, as requiring conservation efforts. Hemicryptophytes dominate species richness, while microphanerophytes and megaphanerophytes significantly contribute to plant abundance. H. rhamnoides formed Hippophaë rhamnoides dunes (2160) Natura 2000 habitat, while S. alba created galleries within the 92A0 Salix alba and Populus alba habitat. In conclusion, the findings from this study highlight the importance of preserving riparian habitats because their value goes beyond local or regional considerations and extends to the global scale due to their unique characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bita‐Nicolae
- Department of Ecology & Nature Conservation, Institute of Biology BucharestRomanian AcademyBucharestRomania
| | - Larisa I. Florescu
- Department of Ecology & Nature Conservation, Institute of Biology BucharestRomanian AcademyBucharestRomania
| | - Dorina Purice
- Department of Ecology & Nature Conservation, Institute of Biology BucharestRomanian AcademyBucharestRomania
| | - Ozkan Kaya
- Erzincan Horticultural Research InstituteRepublic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and ForestryErzincanTurkey
- Department of Plant SciencesNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNorth DakotaUSA
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Brito JS, Cottenie K, Brasil LS, Bastos RC, Ferreira VRS, Cruz GM, Lima DVM, Vieira LJS, Michelan TS, Juen L. Main drivers of dragonflies and damselflies (Insecta; Odonata) metacommunities in streams inside protected areas in the Brazilian Amazon. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:281. [PMID: 38368304 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The evaluation of environmental and spatial influence in freshwater systems is crucial for the conservation of aquatic diversity. So, we evaluated communities of Odonata in streams inside and outside sustainable use areas in the Brazilian western Amazon. We predicted that these streams would differ regarding habitat integrity and species α and β diversity. We also predict that environmental and spatial variables will be important for both suborders, but with more substantial effects on Zygoptera species, considering their nature of forest-specialist. The study was conducted in 35 streams, 19 inside and 16 outside sustainable use areas. The streams outside presented high species richness, abundance, and number of exclusive forest-specialist species from Zygoptera and higher scores of habitat integrity. In contrast, one sustainable use area presented the lowest values of these metrics. Besides, we found that environmental and spatial variables were significantly associated to Zygoptera species composition, but not with Anisoptera, which can be explained by their cosmopolitan nature. Our results indicated that an interplay between environmental and spatial processes determines the structure of the metacommunities of Zygoptera. The less effective dispersal rates and narrow ecological tolerance of Zygoptera species make them more influenced by local conditions and dispersal limitation, and more sensible to habitat modifications. We highlight the importance of improving the local management of the sustainable use areas by environmental agencies, mainly on areas that are losing their capacity to maintain the aquatic fauna, and implementation of social policies toward traditional people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joás Silva Brito
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Karl Cottenie
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Leandro Schlemmer Brasil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas E da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Pontal Do Araguaia, Mato Grosso, Brasil
| | - Rafael Costa Bastos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Martins Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Zoologia, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Diego Viana Melo Lima
- Laboratório de Ictiologia E Ecologia Aquática, Universidade Federal Do Acre, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
| | | | - Thaisa Sala Michelan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Leandro Juen
- Laboratório de Ecologia E Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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3
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Feio MJ, Hughes RM, Serra SRQ, Nichols SJ, Kefford BJ, Lintermans M, Robinson W, Odume ON, Callisto M, Macedo DR, Harding JS, Yates AG, Monk W, Nakamura K, Mori T, Sueyoshi M, Mercado‐Silva N, Chen K, Baek MJ, Bae YJ, Tachamo‐Shah RD, Shah DN, Campbell I, Moya N, Arimoro FO, Keke UN, Martins RT, Alves CBM, Pompeu PS, Sharma S. Fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages reveal extensive degradation of the world's rivers. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:355-374. [PMID: 36131677 PMCID: PMC10091732 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rivers suffer from multiple stressors acting simultaneously on their biota, but the consequences are poorly quantified at the global scale. We evaluated the biological condition of rivers globally, including the largest proportion of countries from the Global South published to date. We gathered macroinvertebrate- and fish-based assessments from 72,275 and 37,676 sites, respectively, from 64 study regions across six continents and 45 nations. Because assessments were based on differing methods, different systems were consolidated into a 3-class system: Good, Impaired, or Severely Impaired, following common guidelines. The proportion of sites in each class by study area was calculated and each region was assigned a Köppen-Geiger climate type, Human Footprint score (addressing landscape alterations), Human Development Index (HDI) score (addressing social welfare), % rivers with good ambient water quality, % protected freshwater key biodiversity areas; and % of forest area net change rate. We found that 50% of macroinvertebrate sites and 42% of fish sites were in Good condition, whereas 21% and 29% were Severely Impaired, respectively. The poorest biological conditions occurred in Arid and Equatorial climates and the best conditions occurred in Snow climates. Severely Impaired conditions were associated (Pearson correlation coefficient) with higher HDI scores, poorer physico-chemical water quality, and lower proportions of protected freshwater areas. Good biological conditions were associated with good water quality and increased forested areas. It is essential to implement statutory bioassessment programs in Asian, African, and South American countries, and continue them in Oceania, Europe, and North America. There is a need to invest in assessments based on fish, as there is less information globally and fish were strong indicators of degradation. Our study highlights a need to increase the extent and number of protected river catchments, preserve and restore natural forested areas in the catchments, treat wastewater discharges, and improve river connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Feio
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences CentreARNET, University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Robert M. Hughes
- Amnis Opes InstituteCorvallisOregonUSA
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Sónia R. Q. Serra
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences CentreARNET, University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Susan J. Nichols
- Centre for Applied Water ScienceInstitute for Applied Ecology, University of CanberraCanberraAustralia
| | - Ben J. Kefford
- Centre for Applied Water ScienceInstitute for Applied Ecology, University of CanberraCanberraAustralia
| | - Mark Lintermans
- Centre for Applied Water ScienceInstitute for Applied Ecology, University of CanberraCanberraAustralia
| | | | - Oghenekaro N. Odume
- Unilever Centre for Environmental Water QualityInstitute for Water Research, Rhodes UniversityMakhandaSouth Africa
| | - Marcos Callisto
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e EvoluçãoInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Diego R. Macedo
- Departamento de GeografiaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Jon S. Harding
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Adam G. Yates
- Department of BiologyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Wendy Monk
- Environment and Climate Change Canada and Canadian Rivers Institute, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental ManagementUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonCanada
| | | | - Terutaka Mori
- Aqua Restoration Research CenterPublic Works Research InstituteKakamigaharaGifuJapan
| | - Masanao Sueyoshi
- Aqua Restoration Research CenterPublic Works Research InstituteKakamigaharaGifuJapan
| | - Norman Mercado‐Silva
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y ConservaciónUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosCuernavacaMorelosMexico
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of EntomologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China SeaHainan UniversityHaikouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Min Jeong Baek
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Ministry of EnvironmentIncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Yeon Jae Bae
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Ram Devi Tachamo‐Shah
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, Aquatic Ecology CentreKathmandu UniversityDhulikhelNepal
| | - Deep Narayan Shah
- Central Department of Environmental ScienceTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal
| | | | - Nabor Moya
- Instituto Experimental de BiologiaUniversidad Mayor Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de ChuquisacaSucreBolivia
| | - Francis O. Arimoro
- Applied Hydrobiology Unit, Department of Animal BiologyFederal University of TechnologyMinnaNigeria
| | - Unique N. Keke
- Applied Hydrobiology Unit, Department of Animal BiologyFederal University of TechnologyMinnaNigeria
| | - Renato T. Martins
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Curso de pós‐graduação em EntomologiaInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrazil
| | - Carlos B. M. Alves
- Laboratório Nuvelhas, Projeto ManuelzãoUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Paulo S. Pompeu
- Departamento de Ecologia e ConservaçãoUniversidade Federal de LavrasLavrasBrazil
| | - Subodh Sharma
- Aquatic Ecology Centre, School of ScienceKathmandu UniversityDhulikhelNepal
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Liu X, Xu Q. Hydropeaking impacts on riverine plants downstream from the world's largest hydropower dam, the Three Gorges Dam. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157137. [PMID: 35803426 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydropeaking has become a global issue because of extensive hydropower dam construction worldwide. Yet, its ecological impacts on riverine ecosystems are not well studied. We explored the effects of hydropeaking on riverine plants, based on data from a ~300 km reach downstream of the world's largest hydropower dam, the Three Gorges Dam. We tested three hypotheses relating to hydropeaking impacts on species elevational distributions, assemblage structure and species-specific biomass patterns by generalized linear mixed modelling and joint species distribution modelling. We found that, first, hydropeaking greatly shaped species elevational ranges, leading to expansions of herbs to high elevations and shifting species dominance at low elevations. Secondly, we detected contrasting effects of hydropeaking on assemblage-level characteristics of herbs. The inundation induced by hydropeaking had strong effects on assemblage composition and biomass allocation, where more biomass was allocated to belowground part. Hydropeaking blurred the species richness-biomass relationship, although it had little effect on species richness or plot-level biomass. Thirdly, hydropeaking induced inundation was the most important covariate driving species biomass patterns of riverine plants, although complex species-specific effects were identified, and random effects were often large in fitted models. We concluded that hydropeaking likely acted as a major driver of plant community assembly in rivers with a hydropower dam. Conservation and restoration of riverine plants can benefit from the inclusion of water level management in operational schemes of hydropower dams, especially during the early life history stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Liu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China.
| | - Qiangqiang Xu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
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5
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Colares LF, de Assis Montag LF, Dunck B. Habitat loss predicts the functional extinction of fish from Amazonian streams during the Anthropocene. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156210. [PMID: 35618116 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of extinction risk has typically focused on individual species, although a shift to a focus on ecosystem functioning would appear to be an urgent priority for conservation planning, especially considering that a sixth mass extinction event has already begun. In the present study, we investigated how fish extinction driven by habitat loss may modify the functioning of freshwater Amazonian ecosystems. We sampled the fish and environmental conditions of 63 streams in the eastern Amazon and simulated extinction based on the vulnerability of the species to habitat loss, which is the principal threat to tropical biodiversity. The simulated extinction of vulnerable species led to a decrease in both the mean body size of the community and functional rarity and culminated in abrupt losses of ecosystem functions after 5% and 10% of extinction at local and regional scales. Our functional approach demonstrated the progressive loss of ecological functions in Amazon streams, which may collapse altogether following the extinction of functions related to protection against biological invasions, and associated alterations in nutrient cycling and water quality. We provide robust predictions on the modification of the ecosystem following the extinction of fish species, which is a major step toward the development of effective conservation measures that ensure the avoidance of the predicted processes, and help to prevent the loss of biodiversity and the potentially irreversible modifications to ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Ferreira Colares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Laboratório de Ecologia Teórica e Aplicada, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000 - Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Laboratório de Ecologia de Produtores, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral, 2651 - Terra Firme, Belém, PA, 66077-530, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral, 2651 - Terra Firme, Belém, PA 66077-530, Brazil.
| | - Luciano Fogaça de Assis Montag
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral, 2651 - Terra Firme, Belém, PA 66077-530, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Dunck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Laboratório de Ecologia de Produtores, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral, 2651 - Terra Firme, Belém, PA, 66077-530, Brazil; Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Instituto Socioambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Avenida Perimetral, 660778-30 Belém, PA, Brazil
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6
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Larentis C, Kotz Kliemann BC, Neves MP, Delariva RL. Effects of human disturbance on habitat and fish diversity in Neotropical streams. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274191. [PMID: 36084014 PMCID: PMC9462761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pressures have been intensely modifying freshwater ecosystems worldwide. We assessed the effects of human pressure on habitat diversity and primary productivity to understand the consequences on fish fauna in 25 tropical and subtropical streams of two globally important ecoregions: Iguassu and Upper Paraná. We hypothesized that the increased human pressure (urbanization and agriculture) on stream environments, both at the local and catchment scales, directly decreases habitat diversity. We also hypothesized that increased human pressure triggers changes in primary productivity and fish fauna composition and structure. We evaluated the human pressure intensity using the Integrated Disturbance Index and the Rapid Habitat Diversity Assessment protocol, which combines information about land use, land cover and environmental characteristics of the stream catchment and sampling sites. Streams with increased human disturbance had lower habitat diversity, higher primary productivity, and high non-native species abundance. Fish compositional turnover was associated with increased human disturbance. Native and degradation-sensitive fish species, especially endemic ones, were associated with streams with higher habitat diversity and forested cover. Degradation-resistant fishes, mostly non-native species, were associated with streams with higher human disturbance and urban land use. Although human pressure did not affect species richness, Shannon diversity, and Simpson dominance, there were significant effects on numerical abundance and fish species equitability. In this study, human pressure directly affected habitat structure, with indirect consequences for fish fauna, increasing the potential for local extirpation of rare species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crislei Larentis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Comparada, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Bruna Caroline Kotz Kliemann
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas/Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayara Pereira Neves
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rosilene Luciana Delariva
- Laboratório de Ictiologia, Ecologia e Biomonitoramentos (LIEB), Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná – UNIOESTE, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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7
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Veras DS, Pinto NS, Calvão L, Lustosa GS, de Azevêdo CAS, Juen L. Environmental thresholds of dragonflies and damselflies from a Cerrado-Caatinga ecotone. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:614. [PMID: 35895142 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10310-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems are affected by different land uses that modify gradients of environmental conditions. These impacts act directly on the community structure, especially the most sensitive ones, such as aquatic insects. Thus, dragonflies have been used as good models to assess these changes, since their suborders Anisoptera and Zygoptera have different ecophysiological and behavioral requirements. This study aimed to evaluate the following hypotheses: (1) dragonfly species composition differs along the environmental gradients of streams; therefore, we expect a higher proportion of species of the suborder Anisoptera in environments with a higher degree of disturbance, since these environmental conditions select heliothermic species with exophytic oviposition; (2) the reduction of habitat integrity and canopy cover will lead to a lower richness of the Zygoptera suborder, due to the restrictions of its thermoregulation and oviposition behavior in relation to Anisoptera, since the higher light input would favor heliothermic and exophytic species; (3) alterations in habitat integrity create ecological thresholds and points of change in the abundance and frequency of Odonata species, generating gradients in the environmental integrity conditions. Specimens were collected from 24 streams (first to third order), in a gradient of land uses. Canopy cover and stream width were predictors of taxonomic richness and abundance of the suborders Anisoptera and Zygoptera, with greater coverage and smaller width, positively affecting Zygoptera and negatively Anisoptera. The turning points were determined by a habitat integrity index, where below 0.38 there is an increase in generalist taxa and a decline in sensitive taxa. On the other hand, above 0.79, there was a sensitive taxa increase in detriment of generalists. Four individual taxa indicators were selected, two of which associated with a negative response (Perithemis tenera and Acanthagrion aepiolum) and two with positive responses (Epipleoneura metallica and Zenithoptera lanei) for habitat integrity. Our results are important to guide management strategies, recovery, and protection policies for areas of permanent protection, aiming to conserving biodiversity and natural resources essential to life quality maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Silas Veras
- Laboratório de Ecologia E Conservação, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia-PPGECO, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Comunidades, Instituto Federal Do Maranhão Campus Caxias, Caxias, Brazil.
| | - Nelson Silva Pinto
- Colégio Estadual Pedro Neca, Rede Amazônia Sustentável/SYNERGIZE, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Aparecida de Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lenize Calvão
- Laboratório de Ecologia E Conservação, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia-PPGECO, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Ambientais-PPGCA, Universidade Federal Do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Santana Lustosa
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Comunidades, Instituto Federal Do Maranhão Campus Caxias, Caxias, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade E Conservação-PPGBC Universidade Federal Do Piauí, Floriano, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Juen
- Laboratório de Ecologia E Conservação, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia-PPGECO, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Asad S, Vitalis V, Guharajan R, Abrams JF, Lagan P, Kissing J, Sikui J, Wilting A, Rödel MO. Variable species but similar amphibian community responses across habitats following reduced impact logging. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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9
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Witing F, Forio MAE, Burdon FJ, Mckie B, Goethals P, Strauch M, Volk M. Riparian reforestation on the landscape scale – Navigating trade‐offs among agricultural production, ecosystem functioning and biodiversity. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Witing
- Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH ‐ UFZ, 04318 Leipzig Germany
| | - Marie Anne Eurie Forio
- Aquatic Ecology Research Unit, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology Ghent University 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Francis J. Burdon
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 75007 Uppsala Sweden
- Te Aka Mātuatua ‐ School of Science University of Waikato Hamilton New Zealand
| | - Brendan Mckie
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 75007 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Peter Goethals
- Aquatic Ecology Research Unit, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology Ghent University 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Michael Strauch
- Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH ‐ UFZ, 04318 Leipzig Germany
| | - Martin Volk
- Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH ‐ UFZ, 04318 Leipzig Germany
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10
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Godoy BS, Valente‐Neto F, Queiroz LL, Holanda LFR, Roque FO, Lodi S, Oliveira LG. Structuring functional groups of aquatic insects along the resistance/resilience axis when facing water flow changes. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8749. [PMID: 35356588 PMCID: PMC8956860 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how differences in intensity and frequency of hydrological disturbances affect the resistance and resilience of aquatic organisms is key to manage aquatic systems in a fast‐changing world. Some aquatic insects have strategies that improve the permanence (resistance), while others use strategies that favor recolonization (resilience). Therefore, we carried out a manipulative experiment to understand the influence of functional characteristics of aquatic insects in their permanence and recolonization against hydrological disturbances in streams in the biodiversity hotspot of the Cerrado of Brazil. We placed 200 artificial substrates in five streams and submitted them to changing water flow regimes that differed both in frequency and intensity, and we observed the response of the aquatic community for 39 days. We used a hierarchical Bayesian approach to estimate the probabilities of permanence and recolonization of each life strategy group (nine groups). We observed that the most intense changes in the water flow tended to affect the permanence of almost all groups, but the intensity of this effect reduced over time. On the other hand, less frequent disturbances, regardless of intensity, tended to reduce the permanence of most groups of aquatic insects over time. The different effects of disturbance intensity may have been related to a greater recolonization capacity of some groups. The results we present are worrisome in a scenario of reduced riparian vegetation around streams and with the expectation of precipitation becoming more concentrated in shorter periods of time due to climate change in the Cerrado hotspot, reducing the occurrence of many groups of aquatic insects in their habitat, particularly those with traits associated with resistance against hydrological disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno S. Godoy
- Centre of Aquatic Ecology and Fishery Federal University of Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Fabio O. Roque
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande Brazil
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) James Cook University Cairns Queensland Australia
| | - Sara Lodi
- Program of Ecology and Evolution UFG Goiânia Brazil
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11
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Maia C, Salvador GN, Begot TO, Freitas PV, Nonato FAS, Torres NR, Juen L, Montag LFA. Fish functional responses to local habitat variation in streams within multiple land uses areas in the Amazon. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract In this study, we assessed the effects of multiple land uses and local habitat variables on the composition of fish functional trophic groups (FTG’s) and on the ecomorphological traits of fish in Amazonian streams. We evaluated land use types and local habitat variables in 26 streams distributed within a land use gradient. Land use and habitat variables affected the composition of FTG’s, as evidenced by the increased abundance of diurnal channel drift feeders in areas with high dissolved oxygen and deeper thalweg. At the same time, diurnal surface pickers, as well as diggers, and ambush and stalker predators were more abundant in streams with higher canopy density. Only habitat variables affected the ecomorphological characteristics of the species. Fish with higher values of relative caudal peduncle length were positively associated with high canopy density, while fish with greater relative mouth width were negatively associated with the variables impact in the riparian zone and cover of fish shelter. The stream fish functional structure was mainly affected by the impacts caused to the local habitat resulting from different land uses. Thus, preserving forest remnants, as well as recovering degraded areas, is essential for the maintenance of aquatic biodiversity in the region.
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Liu S, Li X, Tan L, Fornacca D, Fang Y, Zhu L, Rao C, Cao Y, Huang J, Ren G, Cai Q, Xiao W. The ecological niche and terrestrial environment jointly influence the altitudinal pattern of aquatic biodiversity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149404. [PMID: 34399334 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The altitudinal distribution of biodiversity in alpine ecosystems has captured academic attention, especially in streams because of their sensitivity to climate change. In the past years, research mainly focused on understanding the role played by alpine streams' internal factors such as aquatic environmental variables, as well as physical and hydrological conditions, on the shaping of benthic macroinvertebrate communities. More recently, external factors such as terrestrial environments were included in analyses worldwide. In particular, the inherent properties constituting the ecological niche of specific species were considered as factors regulating dispersal and influencing community construction. The objective of this study was to reveal the distribution pattern and the driving factors regulating aquatic biodiversity in alpine streams. We hypothesized that the altitudinal distribution of aquatic macroinvertebrates could be explained by the interaction of the aquatic environment with both species' ecological niche and the terrestrial environment surrounding their habitat, and that rare species display a more pronounced pattern than widespread dominant species. To test these hypotheses, samples were collected from two alpine streams situated on opposite slopes of Biluo Snow Mountain in Yunnan Province, China. Results of statistical analyses showed poor explanatory power from aquatic environmental factors, while the differences in vegetation type and the ecological niche of the species played an important role in determining the distribution pattern of aquatic biodiversity. Furthermore, we found that the altitudinal distribution pattern of aquatic biodiversity exhibits a bimodal type, with rare species fitting the bimodal peaks. These findings call for a better inclusion and further investigation on the effects of the terrestrial environment on aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoran Liu
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali 671003, China
| | - Xianfu Li
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali 671003, China
| | - Lu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Davide Fornacca
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali 671003, China
| | - Yihao Fang
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali 671003, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Fu-gong Administration Bureau, Gao-li-gong Mountain National Nature Reserve, Nujiang 673400, China
| | - Caihong Rao
- Fu-gong Administration Bureau, Gao-li-gong Mountain National Nature Reserve, Nujiang 673400, China
| | - Yindi Cao
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali 671003, China
| | - Jimin Huang
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali 671003, China
| | - Guopeng Ren
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali 671003, China
| | - Qinghua Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Wen Xiao
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali 671003, China.
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Rivers-Moore NA, Ramulifho PA, Foord SH. Baetid abundances are a rapid indicator of thermal stress and riparian zone intactness. J Therm Biol 2021; 102:103125. [PMID: 34863488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Riparian zone vegetation plays an integral role in freshwater ecology, notably by buffering water temperatures, and in providing habitat for the adult stages of many aquatic species. We measured the contribution that riparian vegetation makes to temperature buffering, and how this affects the freshwater fauna, specifically using changes in abundances of baetid may flies for the Luvuvhu River catchment in South Africa. Water temperatures were compared for shaded versus un-shaded sites, and thermal stress between seasons was estimated using a cumulative probability model for the most widespread mayfly species, Dabulamanzia media. It is concluded that thermal stress due to losses in riparian shading could be detected using mayfly abundances in a regular monitoring programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Rivers-Moore
- Centre for Water Resources Research, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa.
| | - P A Ramulifho
- SARChI-Chair in Biodiversity Value and Change, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Department of Zoology and Centre for Invasion Biology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - S H Foord
- SARChI-Chair in Biodiversity Value and Change, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Department of Zoology and Centre for Invasion Biology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
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Terui A, Kim S, Dolph CL, Kadoya T, Miyazaki Y. Emergent dual scaling of riverine biodiversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2105574118. [PMID: 34795054 PMCID: PMC8617499 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105574118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A prevailing paradigm suggests that species richness increases with area in a decelerating way. This ubiquitous power law scaling, the species-area relationship, has formed the foundation of many conservation strategies. In spatially complex ecosystems, however, the area may not be the sole dimension to scale biodiversity patterns because the scale-invariant complexity of fractal ecosystem structure may drive ecological dynamics in space. Here, we use theory and analysis of extensive fish community data from two distinct geographic regions to show that riverine biodiversity follows a robust scaling law along the two orthogonal dimensions of ecosystem size and complexity (i.e., the dual scaling law). In river networks, the recurrent merging of various tributaries forms fractal branching systems, where the prevalence of branching (ecosystem complexity) represents a macroscale control of the ecosystem's habitat heterogeneity. In the meantime, ecosystem size dictates metacommunity size and total habitat diversity, two factors regulating biodiversity in nature. Our theory predicted that, regardless of simulated species' traits, larger and more branched "complex" networks support greater species richness due to increased space and environmental heterogeneity. The relationships were linear on logarithmic axes, indicating power law scaling by ecosystem size and complexity. In support of this theoretical prediction, the power laws have consistently emerged in riverine fish communities across the study regions (Hokkaido Island in Japan and the midwestern United States) despite hosting different fauna with distinct evolutionary histories. The emergence of dual scaling law may be a pervasive property of branching networks with important implications for biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Terui
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412;
| | - Seoghyun Kim
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412
| | - Christine L Dolph
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Taku Kadoya
- Biodiversity Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miyazaki
- Department of Child Education and Welfare, Shiraume Gakuen College, Tokyo 187-8570, Japan
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Le Gall M, Palt M, Kail J, Hering D, Piffady J. Woody riparian buffers have indirect effects on macroinvertebrate assemblages of French rivers, but land use effects are much stronger. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Palt
- Department of Aquatic Ecology University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Jochem Kail
- Department of Aquatic Ecology University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Daniel Hering
- Department of Aquatic Ecology University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
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Faria APJ, Paiva CKS, Calvão LB, Cruz GM, Juen L. Response of aquatic insects to an environmental gradient in Amazonian streams. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:763. [PMID: 34729664 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing land use in the Amazon region has resulted in the widespread substitution of forest areas with pasture and bauxite mining. These land uses reduce the forest cover of streams and modify their characteristics, reducing the diversity of aquatic insect assemblages. In the present study, we aimed to identify the threshold of the assemblages of the larvae of insects of the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (collectively known as EPT), and adults of the order Odonata, along an environmental gradient of land use and land cover (LULC). We sampled 30 streams along an environmental gradient determined by the proportion of forest, pasture, and bauxite mining observed within the catchment of each stream. We identified 12 taxa associated with forest (nine positively and three negatively) and four negatively associated with pasture. However, no taxa were associated explicitly with the bauxite mining gradient. As forest is converted to pasture, the abundance and frequency of occurrence of the taxa sensitive to pasture are reduced, reflecting their environmental sensitivity and their potential as sentinels of preserved streams. The identification of the thresholds of the EPT and odonates taxa allowed us to determine which of these organisms are positively or negatively associated with the environmental gradient of LULC in Amazonian streams. We hope that the results of the present study can be applied in future biomonitoring programs, particularly for monitoring the response of aquatic insects to the degradation of streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Justino Faria
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, Rua Augusto Corrêa, nº.1, Bairro Guamá, Belém, Pará, CEP 66.075-110, Brazil.
| | - Carina Kaory Sasahara Paiva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Pará e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, Rua Augusto Corrêa, nº.1, Bairro Guamá, Belém, Pará, CEP 66.075-110, Brazil
| | - Lenize Batista Calvão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, Rua Augusto Corrêa, nº.1, Bairro Guamá, Belém, Pará, CEP 66.075-110, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Martins Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Pará e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, Rua Augusto Corrêa, nº.1, Bairro Guamá, Belém, Pará, CEP 66.075-110, Brazil
| | - Leandro Juen
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, Rua Augusto Corrêa, nº.1, Bairro Guamá, Belém, Pará, CEP 66.075-110, Brazil
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Changes of Phylogenetic and Taxonomic Diversity of Odonata (Insecta) in Response to Land Use in Amazonia. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12081061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Changes in natural habitats for human use can alter the distribution of biodiversity, favoring species that are more tolerant to environmental disturbance. Usually, these species comprise clades of habitat generalists, which have biological mechanisms to colonize environments with different environmental conditions. However, such effects are still poorly understood for most biological groups, such as the Amazon odonates. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effects of land use along an environmental gradient on the phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity of Odonata in the Amazon. We tested the following hypotheses: In deforested areas (e.g., pasture for cattle, palm plantation, and logging), the Odonata community will be more taxonomically and phylogenetically impoverished than in forested areas. We assume that the modification of the natural habitat causes loss of specialist forest species and favors specialist species of open areas and/or habitat generalists. Data sampling was performed in 195 streams under different land-use types: livestock areas, palm monoculture, timber exploitation, and forest areas taken as reference sites. Our results showed that anthropogenic impacts affected the phylogenetic diversity of odonates and the increase in shrub vegetation was related to the increase in the phylogenetic diversity of communities. On the other hand, shrub vegetation is indicative of disturbed areas, where secondary vegetation predominates, with less canopy cover due to the absence or discontinuity of the native tree cover in these habitats. Nonetheless, species richness and abundance were not related to the effects of anthropogenic land use. Finally, our results suggest that the phylogenetic diversity of Amazonian odonates is related to riparian vegetation structure.
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How to Improve the Biological Quality of Urban Streams? Reviewing the Effect of Hydromorphological Alterations and Rehabilitation Measures on Benthic Invertebrates. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13152087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Urbanisation alters the natural hydromorphology of streams, affecting aquatic communities and ecological quality. Increasing efforts have been put into the rehabilitation of urban streams due to their importance for urban sustainability. Despite these efforts, many projects fail to achieve the improvement of aquatic communities. This study aims to provide specific recommendations to enhance the biological rehabilitation of urban streams by reviewing: (i) the impacts of urbanisation and climate change on urban stream hydrology, (ii) the responses of invertebrate assemblages to alterations in the hydrology and morphology of streams, and (iii) the hydromorphological rehabilitation measures applied to streams and their effect on invertebrate communities. This review found that commonly employed measures of habitat heterogeneity enhancement (such as the addition of meanders, boulders, and artificial riffles) are not enough to improve invertebrate communities. On the other hand, the most effective measures are those leading to the re-establishment of natural hydrological patterns and good water quality. Ultimately, an integrated ecohydrological approach that considers the entire watershed and its interactions between ecosystems and anthropological activities is the key to managing and rehabilitating urban streams.
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Abstract
Globally, croplands and rangelands are major land uses and they have altered lands and waters for millennia. This continues to be the case throughout the USA, despite substantial improvements in treating wastewaters from point sources—versus non-point (diffuse) sources. Poor macroinvertebrate assemblage condition occurs in 30% of conterminous USA streams and rivers; poor fish assemblage condition occurs in 26%. The risk of poor fish assemblage condition was most strongly associated with excess nutrients, salinity and sedimentation and impaired riparian woody vegetation. Although the Clean Water Act was passed to restore and maintain the integrity of USA waters, that will be impossible without controlling agricultural pollution. Likewise, the Federal Land Policy and Management Act was enacted to protect the natural condition of public lands and waters, including fish habitat, but it has failed to curtail the sacred cows of livestock grazing. Although progress has been slow and spotty, promising results have been obtained from basin and watershed planning and riparian zone protections.
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A novel approach to quantifying trophic interaction strengths and impact of invasive species in food webs. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02490-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMeasuring ecological and economic impacts of invasive species is necessary for managing invaded food webs. Based on abundance, biomass and diet data of autochthonous and allochthonous fish species, we proposed a novel approach to quantifying trophic interaction strengths in terms of number of individuals and biomass that each species subtract to the others in the food web. This allowed to estimate the economic loss associated to the impact of an invasive species on commercial fish stocks, as well as the resilience of invaded food webs to further perturbations. As case study, we measured the impact of the invasive bass Micropterus salmoides in two lake communities differing in food web complexity and species richness, as well as the biotic resistance of autochthonous and allochthonous fish species against the invader. Resistance to the invader was higher, while its ecological and economic impact was lower, in the more complex and species-rich food web. The percid Perca fluviatilis and the whitefish Coregonus lavaretus were the two species that most limited the invader, representing meaningful targets for conservation biological control strategies. In both food webs, the limiting effect of allochthonous species against M. salmoides was higher than the effect of autochthonous ones. Simulations predicted that the eradication of the invader would increase food web resilience, while that an increase in fish diversity would preserve resilience also at high abundances of M. salmoides. Our results support the conservation of biodiverse food webs as a way to mitigate the impact of bass invasion in lake ecosystems. Notably, the proposed approach could be applied to any habitat and animal species whenever biomass and diet data can be obtained.
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Callisto M, Linares MS, Kiffer WP, Hughes RM, Moretti MS, Macedo DR, Solar R. Beta diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with leaf patches in neotropical montane streams. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:2551-2560. [PMID: 33815762 PMCID: PMC8009175 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 70% of the total channel length in all river basins is formed by low order streams, many of which originate on mountaintops. Headwater streams play fundamental roles in processing and transporting terrestrial and aquatic organic matter, often harboring high biodiversity in bottom leaf patches deposited from riparian vegetation. The objective of this study was to assess the variation in taxonomic composition (measured by beta diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrates) among stream sites located in the Espinhaço Meridional Mountain Range, part of a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in eastern Brazil. We tested two hypotheses. (a) Taxa turnover is the main reason for differences in aquatic insect assemblages within stream sites; we predicted that turnover would be higher than nestedness in all stream sites. (b) Stream site altitude and catchment elevation range are the main explanatory variables for the differences in beta diversity; we predicted that local stream site variables would account for only minor amounts of variation. In both dry and wet seasons, we sampled twice in two habitat types (five leaf patches in pools and five in riffles) in each of nine stream sites distributed in three different river basins. We computed average pairwise beta diversity among sampling stations and seasons in each stream site by using Jaccard and Bray-Curtis indices, and calculated the percentages of diversity resulting from turnover and nestedness. Finally, we tested the degree that local- or catchment-level predictor variables explained beta diversity. We found that turnover was the main component of beta diversity and that both dissolved oxygen and elevation range best explained Bray-Curtis beta diversity. These results reinforce the importance of leaf patches in montane (sky islands) Neotropical savanna streams as biodiversity hotbeds for macroinvertebrates, and that both local and landscape variables explained beta diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Callisto
- Laboratório de Ecologia de BentosDepartamento de Genética, Ecologia e EvoluçãoInstituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Marden S. Linares
- Laboratório de Ecologia de BentosDepartamento de Genética, Ecologia e EvoluçãoInstituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Walace P. Kiffer
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos AquáticosUniversidade Vila VelhaVila VelhaBrazil
| | - Robert M. Hughes
- Amnis Opes InstituteCorvallisORUSA
- Department of Fisheries & WildlifeCorvallisORUSA
| | - Marcelo S. Moretti
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos AquáticosUniversidade Vila VelhaVila VelhaBrazil
| | - Diego R. Macedo
- Laboratório de Geomorfologia e Recursos HídricosDepartamento de GeografiaInstituto de GeociênciasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Ricardo Solar
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e EvoluçãoCentro de Síntese Ecológica e ConservaçãoInstituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
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Hughes RM, Herlihy AT, Peck DV. Sampling Efforts for Estimating Fish Species Richness in Western USA River Sites. LIMNOLOGICA (ONLINE) 2021; 87:125859. [PMID: 34017150 PMCID: PMC8128690 DOI: 10.1016/j.limno.2021.125859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Fish species richness is an indicator of river ecological condition but it is particularly difficult to estimate in large unwadeable rapidly flowing rivers. Intensive multi-gear sampling is time consuming, logistically complex and expensive. However, insufficient sampling effort underestimates species richness and yields inaccurate data about the ecological condition of river sites. We raft-electrofished 10 river sites in 10 different ecoregions and six western USA states for distances equal to 300 times their mean wetted channel widths (MCWs) to estimate the effort needed to approach asymptotes in fish species richness. To collect 90% of the observed fish species at the sites, we found that an average of 150 MCWs (ranging 80-210 MCWs) were needed, with the number of MCWs increasing in rivers with a higher proportion of spatially rare species. Frequently, the second or third additional 100 MCWs produced only one or two additional singletons or doubletons (species occurring only once or twice at a site). Before initiating sampling programs for adequately estimating species richness, we recommend assessing sampling effort, particularly if rare or uncommon species are expected or desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Hughes
- Amnis Opes Institute, 2895 SE Glenn Street, Corvallis, Oregon, 97333, USA
- Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Alan T Herlihy
- Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - David V Peck
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35 Street, Corvallis, Oregon 97333, USA
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Espinoza-Toledo A, Mendoza-Carranza M, Castillo MM, Barba-Macías E, Capps KA. Taxonomic and functional responses of macroinvertebrates to riparian forest conversion in tropical streams. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143972. [PMID: 33321337 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Land use change threatens the ecological integrity of tropical rivers and streams; however, few studies have simultaneously analyzed the taxonomic and functional responses of tropical macroinvertebrates to riparian forest conversion. Here, we used community structure, functional diversity, and stable isotope analyses to assess the impacts of riparian deforestation on macroinvertebrate communities of streams in southern Mexico. Monthly sampling during the dry season was conducted in streams with riparian forest (forest streams), and in streams with pasture dominating the riparian vegetation (pasture streams). Samples were collected for water quality (physical-chemical variables, nutrient concentrations, and total suspended solids), organic matter (leaf litter abundance and algal biomass), and macroinvertebrate abundance and diversity. Higher temperature, conductivity, suspended solids, and chlorophyll a were detected in pasture streams, while nitrate concentrations and leaf litter biomass were greater in forest streams. Macroinvertebrate density was higher in pasture sites, while no differences in taxonomic diversity and richness were found between land uses. Functional evenness was greater in forest streams, while richness and divergence were similar between land uses, despite differences in taxonomic composition. Environmental variables were associated with taxa distribution but not with functional traits, suggesting current conditions still promote redundancy in ecological function. Isotopic analyses indicated consumers in pasture streams were enriched in 13C and 15N relative to forest streams, potentially reflecting the higher algal biomass documented in pasture systems. Isotopic niches were broader and more overlapped in pasture streams, indicating more generalist feeding habits. No significant losses of taxonomic or functional diversity were detected in pasture streams. However, changes in trophic ecology suggest landscape-level processes are altering macroinvertebrate feeding habits in streams. The changes we observed in habitat, water quality, and macroinvertebrate community were related to the removal of the riparian vegetation, suggesting the structure and function of the focal systems would benefit from riparian restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Espinoza-Toledo
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Villahermosa, Carretera Villahermosa-Reforma Km 15.5, Ranchería Guineo, 2da. Sección, CP 86280 Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Manuel Mendoza-Carranza
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Villahermosa, Carretera Villahermosa-Reforma Km 15.5, Ranchería Guineo, 2da. Sección, CP 86280 Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - María M Castillo
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Villahermosa, Carretera Villahermosa-Reforma Km 15.5, Ranchería Guineo, 2da. Sección, CP 86280 Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico.
| | - Everardo Barba-Macías
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Villahermosa, Carretera Villahermosa-Reforma Km 15.5, Ranchería Guineo, 2da. Sección, CP 86280 Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Krista A Capps
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, USA
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Feio MJ, Hughes RM, Callisto M, Nichols SJ, Odume ON, Quintella BR, Kuemmerlen M, Aguiar FC, Almeida SF, Alonso-EguíaLis P, Arimoro FO, Dyer FJ, Harding JS, Jang S, Kaufmann PR, Lee S, Li J, Macedo DR, Mendes A, Mercado-Silva N, Monk W, Nakamura K, Ndiritu GG, Ogden R, Peat M, Reynoldson TB, Rios-Touma B, Segurado P, Yates AG. The Biological Assessment and Rehabilitation of the World's Rivers: An Overview. WATER 2021; 13:371. [PMID: 33868721 PMCID: PMC8048141 DOI: 10.3390/w13030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The biological assessment of rivers i.e., their assessment through use of aquatic assemblages, integrates the effects of multiple-stressors on these systems over time and is essential to evaluate ecosystem condition and establish recovery measures. It has been undertaken in many countries since the 1990s, but not globally. And where national or multi-national monitoring networks have gathered large amounts of data, the poor water body classifications have not necessarily resulted in the rehabilitation of rivers. Thus, here we aimed to identify major gaps in the biological assessment and rehabilitation of rivers worldwide by focusing on the best examples in Asia, Europe, Oceania, and North, Central, and South America. Our study showed that it is not possible so far to draw a world map of the ecological quality of rivers. Biological assessment of rivers and streams is only implemented officially nation-wide and regularly in the European Union, Japan, Republic of Korea, South Africa, and the USA. In Australia, Canada, China, New Zealand, and Singapore it has been implemented officially at the state/province level (in some cases using common protocols) or in major catchments or even only once at the national level to define reference conditions (Australia). In other cases, biological monitoring is driven by a specific problem, impact assessments, water licenses, or the need to rehabilitate a river or a river section (as in Brazil, South Korea, China, Canada, Japan, Australia). In some countries monitoring programs have only been explored by research teams mostly at the catchment or local level (e.g., Brazil, Mexico, Chile, China, India, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam) or implemented by citizen science groups (e.g., Southern Africa, Gambia, East Africa, Australia, Brazil, Canada). The existing large-extent assessments show a striking loss of biodiversity in the last 2-3 decades in Japanese and New Zealand rivers (e.g., 42% and 70% of fish species threatened or endangered, respectively). A poor condition (below Good condition) exists in 25% of South Korean rivers, half of the European water bodies, and 44% of USA rivers, while in Australia 30% of the reaches sampled were significantly impaired in 2006. Regarding river rehabilitation, the greatest implementation has occurred in North America, Australia, Northern Europe, Japan, Singapore, and the Republic of Korea. Most rehabilitation measures have been related to improving water quality and river connectivity for fish or the improvement of riparian vegetation. The limited extent of most rehabilitation measures (i.e., not considering the entire catchment) often constrains the improvement of biological condition. Yet, many rehabilitation projects also lack pre-and/or post-monitoring of ecological condition, which prevents assessing the success and shortcomings of the recovery measures. Economic constraints are the most cited limitation for implementing monitoring programs and rehabilitation actions, followed by technical limitations, limited knowledge of the fauna and flora and their life-history traits (especially in Africa, South America and Mexico), and poor awareness by decision-makers. On the other hand, citizen involvement is recognized as key to the success and sustainability of rehabilitation projects. Thus, establishing rehabilitation needs, defining clear goals, tracking progress towards achieving them, and involving local populations and stakeholders are key recommendations for rehabilitation projects (Table 1). Large-extent and long-term monitoring programs are also essential to provide a realistic overview of the condition of rivers worldwide. Soon, the use of DNA biological samples and eDNA to investigate aquatic diversity could contribute to reducing costs and thus increase monitoring efforts and a more complete assessment of biodiversity. Finally, we propose developing transcontinental teams to elaborate and improve technical guidelines for implementing biological monitoring programs and river rehabilitation and establishing common financial and technical frameworks for managing international catchments. We also recommend providing such expert teams through the United Nations Environment Program to aid the extension of biomonitoring, bioassessment, and river rehabilitation knowledge globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Feio
- Department of Life Sciences, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Robert M. Hughes
- Amnis Opes Institute, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
- Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Marcos Callisto
- Laboratory of Ecology of Benthos, Department of Genetic, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Susan J. Nichols
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, 2601 Canberra, Australia
| | - Oghenekaro N. Odume
- Unilever Centre for Environmental Water Quality, Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Bernardo R. Quintella
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Évora, 7000-812 Évora, Portugal
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mathias Kuemmerlen
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity Centre for the Environment, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Francisca C. Aguiar
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Salomé F.P. Almeida
- Department of Biology and GeoBioTec—GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering Research Centre, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Perla Alonso-EguíaLis
- Mexican Institute of Water Technology, Bioindicators Laboratory, Jiutepec Morelos 62550, Mexico
| | - Francis O. Arimoro
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology (Applied Hydrobiology Unit), Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65 Minna, Nigeria
| | - Fiona J. Dyer
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, 2601 Canberra, Australia
| | - Jon S. Harding
- School of Biologcal Sciences, University of Canterbury, 8140 Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sukhwan Jang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Daejin University, Hoguk-ro, Pocheon-si 1007, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Philip R. Kaufmann
- Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Samhee Lee
- Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), 283 Goyangdaero, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si 10223, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jianhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Diego R. Macedo
- Department of Geography, Geomorphology and Water Resources Laboratory, Institute of Geosciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Mendes
- MED—Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, LabOr—Laboratório de Ornitologia, Universidade de Évora, Polo da Mitra, 7002-774 Évora, Portugal
| | - Norman Mercado-Silva
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservacíon, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, 62209 Morelos, Mexico
| | - Wendy Monk
- Environment and Climate Change Canada and, Canadian Rivers Institute, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Keigo Nakamura
- Water Environment Research Group, Public Works Research Institute, 1-6 Minamihara, Tsukuba 305-8516, Japan
| | - George G. Ndiritu
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Karatina University, P.O. Box 1957, 10101 Karatina, Kenya
| | - Ralph Ogden
- Environment, Planning and Sustainable Development Directorate, 2601 Canberra, Australia
| | - Michael Peat
- Wetlands, Policy and Northern Water Use Branch, Commonwealth Environmental Water Office, 2601 Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Blanca Rios-Touma
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad de Las Américas, Vía Nayón S/N, 170503 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Pedro Segurado
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Adam G. Yates
- Department of Geography, Western University and Canadian Rivers Institute, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada
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Pelicice FM, Bialetzki A, Camelier P, Carvalho FR, García-Berthou E, Pompeu PS, Mello FTD, Pavanelli CS. Human impacts and the loss of Neotropical freshwater fish diversity. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Neotropical Ichthyology promotes the Special Issue (SI) “Human impacts and the loss of Neotropical freshwater fish diversity” with the purpose of publishing relevant scientific articles on the current biodiversity crisis and the loss of Neotropical freshwater fishes in the Anthropocene. The SI is composed of 22 publications, being two review articles and 20 original articles. A total of 107 researchers contributed to these papers, involving 44 institutions based in Brazil and six other countries. Published articles investigated main anthropic activities and their impacts on fish diversity, with special focus on river regulation, mining, land use changes, aquaculture, and fisheries. Studies provided evidence about the loss of fish diversity in the Neotropics, including fish kill events, demographic changes, contamination, changes in assemblage structure, loss of taxonomic and functional diversity, besides the degradation of ecosystem functions and services, and the lack of effective protection and conservation. Studies were conducted in rivers, streams, lakes, and reservoirs from different Neotropical systems. The studies published in this SI represent a relevant sample of the current worrisome situation of freshwater fishes in the Neotropical region and call for urgent revision in environmental policies, management and conservation initiatives, and socioeconomic priorities.
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Alvarenga LRP, Pompeu PS, Leal CG, Hughes RM, Fagundes DC, Leitão RP. Land-use changes affect the functional structure of stream fish assemblages in the Brazilian Savanna. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract We investigated the mechanisms involved in the relationship between land-use changes and aquatic biodiversity, using stream fish assemblages of the Brazilian Savanna (i.e., Cerrado) as a study model. We tested the prediction that landscape degradation would decrease environmental heterogeneity and change predominant physical-habitat types, which in turn would decrease the functional diversity and alter the functional identity of fish assemblages. We sampled fish from 40 streams in the Upper Paraná River basin, and assessed catchment and instream conditions. We then conducted an ecomorphological analysis to functionally characterize all species (36) and quantify different facets of the functional structure of assemblages. We detected multiple pathways of the impacts from landscape changes on the fish assemblages. Catchment degradation reduced the stream-bed complexity and the heterogeneity of canopy shading, decreasing assemblage functional specialization and divergence. Landscape changes also reduced the water volume and the amount of large rocks in streams, resulting in decreased abundances of species with large bodies and with morphological traits that favor swimming in the water column. We conclude that land-use intensification caused significant changes in aquatic biodiversity in the Cerrado, reinforcing the need to pay special attention to this global hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmilla R. P. Alvarenga
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Miiller NOR, Cunico AM, Gubiani ÉA, Piana PA. Functional responses of stream fish communities to rural and urban land uses. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract We tested the effects of ruralization and urbanization on the functional diversity indices and the composition of functional traits of Neotropical stream fish communities. The study was carried out in 24 streams of the Pirapó, Piquiri, Paraná III and Iguassu river basins. Land use in the watershed was categorized as percentages of native vegetation, rural occupation and urban occupation. Statistical tests revealed negative bivariate correlations between functional dispersion and the proportion of native vegetation in the watershed. The results indicate that a higher percentage of rural or urban occupation is associated with increased functional dispersion. In the analyzes of trait composition, significant alterations were observed in response to urbanization while only the increase in herbivory responded to ruralization. As the area of native vegetation is reduced by urbanization, the trait composition changes, with reduced proportions of species with intolerance to hypoxia, migratory reproductive behavior, external fertilization, and subterminal mouth, and increased proportions of species with parental care, detritivory, internal fertilization, and an upper mouth. Therefore, fish species that have these specific characteristics are more likely to disappear from streams as urbanization progresses. In summary, urbanization was related to a greater change in the composition of functional traits than ruralization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Almir Manoel Cunico
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Brazil
| | - Éder André Gubiani
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Brazil
| | - Pitágoras Augusto Piana
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Brazil
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Luiza-Andrade A, Brasil LS, Torres NR, Brito J, Silva RR, Maioli LU, Barbirato MF, Rolim SG, Juen L. Effects of Local Environmental and Landscape Variables on the Taxonomic and Trophic Composition of Aquatic Insects in a Rare Forest Formation of the Brazilian Amazon. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:821-831. [PMID: 32946024 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-020-00814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we analyzed a unique phytophysiognomy in the Amazon region, which is formed by savanna-like vegetation on iron-rich soil (known locally as canga) located within an iron-ore mining region. We used the habitat template theory to test the hypothesis that changes in the physical-chemical properties of streams and the physical structure of their habitats at in-stream and micro-basin (landscape) levels affect the taxonomic and trophic composition of immature aquatic insects. For this, we used a local environmental matrix composed of nine physical-chemical and structural habitat variables, together with the Habitat Integrity Index. We also calculated landscape metrics based on the area of the micro-basin, such as relief, slope, mean current flow, and vegetation cover. We divided the aquatic insects into five functional feeding groups based on their diet and food sources. Our results indicate that changes in the trophic level of the insects of the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera are more easily observed than the taxonomic structure of communities. The loss of environmental integrity and vegetation cover were responsible for 84% of the variation observed in the composition of functional feeding groups (FFGs). Our study shows that aquatic insect communities in the canga and in the Amazon regions dominated by forest require specific in-stream and landscape conditions. These findings reinforce the need for the preservation of areas of canga vegetation, which not only have a unique levels of biological diversity, but are also targeted for the exploitation of their economically valuable natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Luiza-Andrade
- Graduate Program in Zoology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Federal do Pará/Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brasil.
| | - L S Brasil
- Graduate Program in Zoology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Federal do Pará/Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - N R Torres
- Graduate Program in Aquatic Ecology and Fisheries, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - J Brito
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - R R Silva
- Graduate Program in Zoology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Federal do Pará/Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - L U Maioli
- Environmental Management, Vale S.A. Canaã dos Carajás, Carajás, Pará, Brasil
| | - M F Barbirato
- Environmental Management, Vale S.A. Canaã dos Carajás, Carajás, Pará, Brasil
| | - S G Rolim
- Project Coordination, Amplo Engenharia e Gestão de Projetos Ltd., Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - L Juen
- Graduate Program in Zoology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Federal do Pará/Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brasil
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
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