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Sánchez CA, Phelps KL, Frank HK, Geldenhuys M, Griffiths ME, Jones DN, Kettenburg G, Lunn TJ, Moreno KR, Mortlock M, Vicente-Santos A, Víquez-R LR, Kading RC, Markotter W, Reeder DM, Olival KJ. Advances in understanding bat infection dynamics across biological scales. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232823. [PMID: 38444339 PMCID: PMC10915549 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, research on bat-associated microbes such as viruses, bacteria and fungi has dramatically increased. Here, we synthesize themes from a conference symposium focused on advances in the research of bats and their microbes, including physiological, immunological, ecological and epidemiological research that has improved our understanding of bat infection dynamics at multiple biological scales. We first present metrics for measuring individual bat responses to infection and challenges associated with using these metrics. We next discuss infection dynamics within bat populations of the same species, before introducing complexities that arise in multi-species communities of bats, humans and/or livestock. Finally, we outline critical gaps and opportunities for future interdisciplinary work on topics involving bats and their microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hannah K. Frank
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Marike Geldenhuys
- Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Devin N. Jones
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | | | - Tamika J. Lunn
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kelsey R. Moreno
- Department of Psychology, Saint Xavier University, Chicago, IL 60655, USA
| | - Marinda Mortlock
- Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Luis R. Víquez-R
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Rebekah C. Kading
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Center for Vector-borne and Infectious Diseases, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Wanda Markotter
- Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - DeeAnn M. Reeder
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
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2
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Henley L, Jones O, Mathews F, Woolley TE. Bat Motion can be Described by Leap Frogging. Bull Math Biol 2024; 86:16. [PMID: 38197980 PMCID: PMC10781826 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-023-01233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
We present models of bat motion derived from radio-tracking data collected over 14 nights. The data presents an initial dispersal period and a return to roost period. Although a simple diffusion model fits the initial dispersal motion we show that simple convection cannot provide a description of the bats returning to their roost. By extending our model to include non-autonomous parameters, or a leap frogging form of motion, where bats on the exterior move back first, we find we are able to accurately capture the bat's motion. We discuss ways of distinguishing between the two movement descriptions and, finally, consider how the different motion descriptions would impact a bat's hunting strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Henley
- Cardiff School of Mathematics Cardiff University, Senghennydd Road, Cardiff, CF24 4AG, UK
| | - Owen Jones
- Cardiff School of Mathematics Cardiff University, Senghennydd Road, Cardiff, CF24 4AG, UK
| | - Fiona Mathews
- University of Sussex, John Maynard Smith Building, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RH, UK
| | - Thomas E Woolley
- Cardiff School of Mathematics Cardiff University, Senghennydd Road, Cardiff, CF24 4AG, UK.
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3
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Keicher L, Shipley JR, Schaeffer PJ, Dechmann DKN. Contrasting Torpor Use by Reproductive Male Common Noctule Bats in the Laboratory and in the Field. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:1087-1098. [PMID: 37237444 PMCID: PMC10714913 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic processes of animals are often studied in controlled laboratory settings. However, these laboratory settings often do not reflect the animals' natural environment. Thus, results of metabolic measurements from laboratory studies must be cautiously applied to free-ranging animals. Recent technological advances in animal tracking allow detailed eco-physiological studies that reveal when, where, and how physiological measurements from the field differ from those from the laboratory. We investigated the torpor behavior of male common noctule bats (Nyctalus noctula) across different life history stages using two approaches: in controlled laboratory experiments and in the field using calibrated heart rate telemetry. We predicted that non-reproductive males would extensively use torpor to conserve energy, whereas reproductive males would reduce torpor use to promote spermatogenesis. We did not expect differences in torpor use between captive and wild animals as we simulated natural temperature conditions in the laboratory. We found that during the non-reproductive phase, both captive and free-ranging bats used torpor extensively. During reproduction, bats in captivity unexpectedly also used torpor throughout the day, while only free-ranging bats showed the expected reduction in torpor use. Thus, depending on life history stage, torpor behavior in the laboratory was markedly different from the wild. By implementing both approaches and at different life history stages, we were able to better explore the limitations of eco-physiological laboratory studies and make recommendations for when they are an appropriate proxy for natural behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Keicher
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - J Ryan Shipley
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstraße 111, Birmensdorf 8903 CH, Switzerland
| | - Paul J Schaeffer
- Department of Biology, Miami University, 700 E. High St., Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Dina K N Dechmann
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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4
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Montoya-Aiona K, Gorresen PM, Courtot KN, Aguirre A, Calderon F, Casler S, Ciarrachi S, Hoeh J, Tupu JL, Zinn T. Multi-scale assessment of roost selection by 'ōpe'ape'a, the Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus semotus). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288280. [PMID: 37616252 PMCID: PMC10449229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus semotus; Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), commonly and locally known as 'ōpe'ape'a, is a solitary, insectivorous, and foliage-roosting species distributed across a wide range of habitats in lowland and montane environments. The species, as with many others in the Hawaiian archipelago, are facing a suite of challenges due to habitat loss and degradation, introduced predators and pests, and climate change. An understanding of the roost requirements of foliage-roosting tree bats is critical to their conservation as these habitats provide several important benefits to survival and reproduction. Because little is known about 'ōpe'ape'a roost ecology and considerable effort is needed to capture and track bats to roost locations, we examined resource selection at multiple spatial scales-perch location within a roost tree, roost tree, and forest stand. We used a discrete choice modeling approach to investigate day-roost selection and describe attributes of roost trees including those used as maternity roosts. 'Ōpe'ape'a were found roosting in 19 tree species and in an assortment of landcover types including native and non-native habitats. Our results are largely consistent with findings of other studies of foliage-roosting, insectivorous tree bats where bats selected roost locations that may offer protection and thermoregulatory benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Montoya-Aiona
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Kīlauea Field Station, Hawai‘i National Park, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - P. Marcos Gorresen
- Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, Hawai‘i National Park, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Karen N. Courtot
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Kīlauea Field Station, Hawai‘i National Park, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Aaron Aguirre
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Kīlauea Field Station, Hawai‘i National Park, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Flor Calderon
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Kīlauea Field Station, Hawai‘i National Park, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Sean Casler
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Kīlauea Field Station, Hawai‘i National Park, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Sarah Ciarrachi
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Kīlauea Field Station, Hawai‘i National Park, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Julia Hoeh
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Kīlauea Field Station, Hawai‘i National Park, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Josephine L. Tupu
- Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, Hawai‘i National Park, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Terry Zinn
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Kīlauea Field Station, Hawai‘i National Park, Hawaii, United States of America
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Stockmaier S. Bat behavioral immune responses in social contexts: current knowledge and future directions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1232556. [PMID: 37662931 PMCID: PMC10469833 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1232556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals often mount complex immune responses to infections. Aside from cellular and molecular defense mechanisms, animals can alter their behavior in response to infection by avoiding, resisting, or tolerating negative effects of pathogens. These behaviors are often connected to cellular and molecular immune responses. For instance, sickness behaviors are a set of behavioral changes triggered by the host inflammatory response (e.g., cytokines) and could aid in resisting or tolerating infection, as well as affect transmission dynamics if sick animals socially withdraw or are being avoided by others. To fully understand the group and population level transmission dynamics and consequences of pathogen infections in bats, it is not only important to consider cellular and molecular defense mechanisms, but also behavioral mechanisms, and how both interact. Although there has been increasing interest in bat immune responses due to their ability to successfully cope with viral infections, few studies have explored behavioral anti-pathogen defense mechanisms. My main objective is to explore the interaction of cellular and molecular defense mechanisms, and behavioral alterations that results from infection in bats, and to outline current knowledge and future research avenues in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stockmaier
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
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6
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Wood MR, de Vries JL, Epstein JH, Markotter W. Variations in small-scale movements of, Rousettus aegyptiacus, a Marburg virus reservoir across a seasonal gradient. Front Zool 2023; 20:23. [PMID: 37464371 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-023-00502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bats are increasingly being recognized as important hosts for viruses, some of which are zoonotic and carry the potential for spillover within human and livestock populations. Biosurveillance studies focused on assessing the risk of pathogen transmission, however, have largely focused on the virological component and have not always considered the ecological implications of different species as viral hosts. The movements of known viral hosts are an important component for disease risk assessments as they can potentially identify regions of higher risk of contact and spillover. As such, this study aimed to synthesize data from both virological and ecological fields to provide a more holistic assessment of the risk of pathogen transmission from bats to people. RESULTS Using radiotelemetry, we tracked the small-scale movements of Rousettus aegyptiacus, a species of bat known to host Marburg virus and other viruses with zoonotic potential, in a rural settlement in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The tracked bats exhibited seasonal variations in their movement patterns including variable usage of residential areas which could translate to contact between bats and humans and may facilitate spillover. We identified a trend for increased usage of residential areas during the winter months with July specifically experiencing the highest levels of bat activity within residential areas. July has previously been identified as a key period for increased spillover risk for viruses associated with R. aegyptiacus from this colony and paired with the increased activity levels, illustrates the risk for spillover to human populations. CONCLUSION This study emphasizes the importance of incorporating ecological data such as movement patterns with virological data to provide a better understanding of the risk of pathogen spillover and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Wood
- Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J Low de Vries
- Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jonathan H Epstein
- Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wanda Markotter
- Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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7
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Wang Z, Gong L, Huang Z, Geng Y, Zhang W, Si M, Wu H, Feng J, Jiang T. Linking changes in individual specialization and population niche of space use across seasons in the great evening bat (Ia io). MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2023; 11:32. [PMID: 37287053 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-023-00394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The niche breadth of an animal population comprises both within-individual and between-individual variation (individual specialization). Both components can be used to explain changes in population niche breadth, and this has been extensively investigated in dietary niche dimension studies. However, little is known about how changes in food resources or environmental factors across seasons affect changes in individual and population space use within the same population. METHODS In this study, we used micro-GPS loggers to capture the space use of individuals and of a population of the great evening bat (Ia io) in summer and autumn. We used I. io as a model to investigate how individual spatial niche breadth and spatial individual specialization affect changes in population niche breadth (home range and core area sizes) across seasons. Additionally, we explored the drivers of individual spatial specialization. RESULTS We found that the population home range and the core area of I. io did not increase in autumn when insect resources were reduced. Moreover, I. io showed different specialization strategies in the two seasons: higher spatial individual specialization in summer and lower individual specialization but broader individual niche breadth in autumn. This trade-off may maintain the dynamic stability of the population spatial niche breadth across seasons and facilitate the population response to changes in food resources and environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS Like diet, spatial niche breadth of a population also may be determined by a combination of individual niche breadth and individual specialization. Our work provides new insights into the evolution of niche breadth from the spatial dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Lixin Gong
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Zhenglanyi Huang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yang Geng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Man Si
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Hui Wu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jiang Feng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, China.
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, China.
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Tinglei Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, China.
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, China.
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Erhardt S, Koch M, Kiefer A, Veith M, Weigel R, Koelpin A. Mobile-BAT-A Novel Ultra-Low Power Wildlife Tracking System. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23115236. [PMID: 37299963 DOI: 10.3390/s23115236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a novel ultra-low power system for tracking animal movements over long periods with an unprecedented high-temporal-resolution. The localization principle is based on the detection of cellular base stations using a miniaturized software-defined radio, weighing 2.0 g, including the battery, and having a size equivalent to two stacked 1-euro cent coins. Therefore, the system is small and lightweight enough to be deployed on small, wide-ranging, or migrating animals, such as European bats, for movement analysis with an unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. The position estimation relies on a post-processing probabilistic RF pattern-matching method based on the acquired base stations and power levels. In several field tests, the system has been successfully verified, and a run-time of close to one year has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Erhardt
- Institute of High Frequency Technology, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestraße 22, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Electronics Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 9, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Koch
- Department of Biogeography, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany
| | - Andreas Kiefer
- Department of Biogeography, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany
| | - Michael Veith
- Department of Biogeography, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany
| | - Robert Weigel
- Institute for Electronics Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 9, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Koelpin
- Institute of High Frequency Technology, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestraße 22, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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Murugavel B, Kandula S, Somanathan H, Kelber A. Home ranges, directionality and the influence of moon phases on the movement ecology of Indian flying fox males in southern India. Biol Open 2023; 12:286595. [PMID: 36648245 PMCID: PMC9922730 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Flying foxes of the genus Pteropus are amongst the largest fruit bats and potential long-range pollinators and seed dispersers in the paleotropics. Pteropus giganteus (currently P. medius) is the only flying fox that is distributed throughout the Indian mainland, including in urban and rural areas. Using GPS telemetry, we mapped the home ranges and examined flight patterns in P. giganteus males across moon phases in a semi-urban landscape in southern India. Home range differed between the tracked males (n=4), likely due to differences in their experience in the landscape. We found that nightly time spent outside the roost, distance commuted and the number of sites visited by tracked individuals did not differ significantly between moon phases. In 61% of total tracked nights across bats, the first foraging site was within 45˚ of the emergence direction. At the colony-level, scan-based observations showed emergence flights were mostly in the northeast (27%), west (22%) and southwest (19%) directions that could potentially be related to the distribution of foraging resources. The movement ecology of fruit bats in relation to the pollination and seed dispersal services they provide requires to be investigated in future studies. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baheerathan Murugavel
- IISER TVM Centre for Research and Education in Ecology and Evolution (ICREEE), School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P. O, Vithura, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Sripathi Kandula
- 74-6-51, Sravanthi Enclave, Prakash Nagar, Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh, 533103 India
| | - Hema Somanathan
- IISER TVM Centre for Research and Education in Ecology and Evolution (ICREEE), School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P. O, Vithura, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Almut Kelber
- Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden,Author for correspondence ()
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10
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Gregersen T, Wild TA, Havmøller LW, Møller PR, Lenau TA, Wikelski M, Havmøller RW. A novel kinetic energy harvesting system for lifetime deployments of wildlife trackers. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285930. [PMID: 37196042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Wildlife tracking devices are key in obtaining detailed insights on movement, animal migration, natal dispersal, home-ranges, resource use and group dynamics of free-roaming animals. Despite a wide use of such devices, tracking for entire lifetimes is still a considerable challenge for most animals, mainly due to technological limitations. Deploying battery powered wildlife tags on smaller animals is limited by the mass of the devices. Micro-sized devices with solar panels sometimes solve this challenge, however, nocturnal species or animals living under low light conditions render solar cells all but useless. For larger animals, where battery weight can be higher, battery longevity becomes the main challenge. Several studies have proposed solutions to these limitations, including harvesting thermal and kinetic energy on animals. However, these concepts are limited by size and weight. In this study, we used a small, lightweight kinetic energy harvesting unit as the power source for a custom wildlife tracking device to investigate its suitability for lifetime animal tracking. We integrated a Kinetron MSG32 microgenerator and a state-of-the-art lithium-ion capacitor (LIC) into a custom GPS-enabled tracking device that is capable of remotely transmitting data via the Sigfox 'Internet of Things' network. Prototypes were tested on domestic dog (n = 4), wild-roaming Exmoor pony (n = 1) and wisent (n = 1). One of the domestic dogs generated up to 10.04 joules of energy in a day, while the Exmoor pony and wisent generated on average 0.69 joules and 2.38 joules per day, respectively. Our results show a significant difference in energy generation between animal species and mounting method, but also highlight the potential for this technology to be a meaningful advancement in ecological research requiring lifetime tracking of animals. The design of the Kinefox is provided open source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troels Gregersen
- Section for Zoology, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Section for Engineering Design and Product Development, Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Timm A Wild
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Product Development Group Zurich (pd|z), ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Linnea Worsøe Havmøller
- Section for Zoology, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Rask Møller
- Section for Zoology, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Anker Lenau
- Section for Engineering Design and Product Development, Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rasmus Worsøe Havmøller
- Section for Zoology, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
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11
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Bolduc D, Fauteux D, Bharucha É, Trudeau JM, Legagneux P. Ultra-light photosensor collars to monitor Arctic lemming activity. ANIMAL BIOTELEMETRY 2022; 10:31. [PMID: 37521809 PMCID: PMC9552731 DOI: 10.1186/s40317-022-00302-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Studying the anti-predatory behavior of mammals represents an important challenge, especially for fossorial small mammals that hide in burrows. In the Arctic, such behaviors are critical to the survival of lemmings considering that predation risks are high every summer. Because detailed information about how lemmings use burrows as hideouts is still lacking, we developed a 1.59 g photosensitive collar to record any event of a small mammal moving between a dark area (e.g., burrow) and a bright area (e.g., outside the burrow). Tests of how collars affected lemming behavior were conducted in captivity in Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, Canada, in November 2019 and field tests were conducted on Bylot Island, Nunavut, Canada, in August 2021. Results The device was made of two chemical batteries and a printed circuit board (PCB) equipped with a photosensor and a real-time clock that recorded amplitude transient thresholds of light (lux) continuously. In accordance with ethical use of such devices, we verified that no abnormal loss of body mass was observed in captive or free-ranging lemmings, and no difference in recapture rates were observed between those with and without a collar, though we could not test this for periods longer than 108 h. Measurements of light intensities revealed consistent patterns with high lux levels at mid-day and lowest during the night. Lemmings showed clearly defined behavioral patterns alternating between periods outside and inside burrows. Despite 24-h daylight in the middle of the summer, August nighttime (i.e., 11 PM to 4 AM) lux levels were insufficient for amplitude transient thresholds to be reached. Conclusion By taking advantage of the long periods of daylight in the Arctic, such technology is very promising as it sets new bases for passive recording of behavioral parameters and builds on the prospect of further miniaturization of batteries and PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bolduc
- Centre d’Études Nordiques, Université Laval, 1045, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Dominique Fauteux
- Centre d’Études Nordiques, Université Laval, 1045, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
- Centre for Arctic Knowledge and Exploration, Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443 station D, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4 Canada
| | - Éric Bharucha
- Centre d’Études Nordiques, Université Laval, 1045, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
- Sentinel North Technological Instrument Development Platform, Université Laval, 2375 rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Jean-Marie Trudeau
- Centre d’Études Nordiques, Université Laval, 1045, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
- Sentinel North Technological Instrument Development Platform, Université Laval, 2375 rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Pierre Legagneux
- Centre d’Études Nordiques, Université Laval, 1045, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
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Behavioral innovation and genomic novelty are associated with the exploitation of a challenging dietary opportunity by an avivorous bat. iScience 2022; 25:104973. [PMID: 36093062 PMCID: PMC9459691 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Foraging on nocturnally migrating birds is one of the most challenging foraging tasks in the animal kingdom. Only three bat species (e.g., Ia io) known to date can prey on migratory birds. However, how these bats have exploited this challenging dietary niche remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that I. io hunts at the altitude of migrating birds during the bird migration season. The foraging I. io exhibited high flight altitudes (up to 4945 m above sea level) and high flight speeds (up to 143.7 km h−1). I. io in flight can actively prey on birds in the night sky via echolocation cues. Genes associated with DNA damage repair, hypoxia adaptation, biting and mastication, and digestion and metabolism have evolved to adapt to this species’ avivorous habits. Our results suggest that the evolution of behavioral innovation and genomic novelty are associated with the exploitation of challenging dietary opportunities. Predation on nocturnally migrating birds is rare and challenging in nature Bats exhibit high flight altitude and speed associated with foraging on migrating birds Bats can actively prey on birds in the night sky via echolocation cues The adaptive evolution of genes enables bats to adapt to the avivorous habits
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13
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King SRB, Schoenecker KA. Application of tail transmitters for tracking feral horses as an alternative to radio collars. WILDLIFE SOC B 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. B. King
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University Campus Delivery 1499 Fort Collins CO 80523 USA, In cooperation with USGS Fort Collins Science Center
| | - Kathryn A. Schoenecker
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center 2150 Centre Avenue, Building C Fort Collins CO 80524 USA
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Flexible energy-saving strategies in female temperate-zone bats. J Comp Physiol B 2022; 192:805-814. [PMID: 35939092 PMCID: PMC9550788 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-022-01452-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Torpor is characterized by an extreme reduction in metabolism and a common energy-saving strategy of heterothermic animals. Torpor is often associated with cold temperatures, but in the last decades, more diverse and flexible forms of torpor have been described. For example, tropical bat species maintain a low metabolism and heart rate at high ambient and body temperatures. We investigated whether bats (Nyctalus noctula) from the cooler temperate European regions also show this form of torpor with metabolic inhibition at high body temperatures, and whether this would be as pronounced in reproductive as in non-reproductive bats. We simultaneously measured metabolic rate, heart rate, and skin temperature in non-reproductive and pregnant females at a range of ambient temperatures. We found that they can decouple metabolic rate and heart rate from body temperature: they maintained an extremely low metabolism and heart rate when exposed to ambient temperatures changing from 0 to 32.5 °C, irrespective of reproductive status. When we simulated natural temperature conditions, all non-reproductive bats used torpor throughout the experiment. Pregnant bats used variable strategies from torpor, to maintaining normothermy, or a combination of both. Even a short torpor bout during the day saved up to 33% of the bats' total energy expenditure. Especially at higher temperatures, heart rate was a much better predictor of metabolic rate than skin temperature. We suggest that the capability to flexibly save energy across a range of ambient temperatures within and between reproductive states may be an important ability of these bats and possibly other temperate-zone heterotherms.
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Kerth G. Long-term field studies in bat research: importance for basic and applied research questions in animal behavior. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2022; 76:75. [PMID: 35669868 PMCID: PMC9135593 DOI: 10.1007/s00265-022-03180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAnimal species differ considerably in longevity. Among mammals, short-lived species such as shrews have a maximum lifespan of about a year, whereas long-lived species such as whales can live for more than two centuries. Because of their slow pace of life, long-lived species are typically of high conservation concern and of special scientific interest. This applies not only to large mammals such as whales, but also to small-sized bats and mole-rats. To understand the typically complex social behavior of long-lived mammals and protect their threatened populations, field studies that cover substantial parts of a species’ maximum lifespan are required. However, long-term field studies on mammals are an exception because the collection of individualized data requires considerable resources over long time periods in species where individuals can live for decades. Field studies that span decades do not fit well in the current career and funding regime in science. This is unfortunate, as the existing long-term studies on mammals yielded exciting insights into animal behavior and contributed data important for protecting their populations. Here, I present results of long-term field studies on the behavior, demography, and life history of bats, with a particular focus on my long-term studies on wild Bechstein’s bats. I show that long-term studies on individually marked populations are invaluable to understand the social system of bats, investigate the causes and consequences of their extraordinary longevity, and assess their responses to changing environments with the aim to efficiently protect these unique mammals in the face of anthropogenic global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Kerth
- Zoological Institute and Museum, Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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16
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Movements of three mormoopid bat species (Chiroptera, Mormoopidae) among three underground roosts in southeastern Mexico. MAMMALIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2021-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The movement of individuals between roosts allows gene flow and influences the spatial distribution, dynamics, and genetic structure of populations. The objectives of this study were to describe the patterns of movement of the bats Mormoops megalophylla, Pteronotus fulvus, and Pteronotus mesoamericanus, between a mine (La Mina) and two caves (El Apanguito and Cerro Huatulco) and explore some drivers for the movements in Oaxaca, México using capture-recapture methods. From July 2016 to June 2017, we captured 5082 individuals (2369 P. fulvus, 1868 P. mesoamericanus, and 845 M. megalophylla). We obtained 292 recaptures, including 57 recaptures represented inter-roost movements (34 by P. fulvus, 18 by P. mesoamericanus, and 5 by M. megalophylla). Brownie’s Multistate model showed that the movements among roosts were species-specific and were determined only by the roost occupied before capture for P. mesoamericanus, by the roosts used before and after capture for P. fulvus, or only by seasonality for M. megalophylla. The results showed that the reproductive condition could have influenced the movements between roosts in the three mormoopids, mainly due to the formation of maternity colonies of P. mesoamericanus and P. fulvus in the El Apanguito cave and exclusive colonies of M. megalophylla males in Cerro Huatulco. Due to the importance of the reproductive events that occur in the roosts studied, we suggest that the three roosts should be considered as part of the group of Important Sites for the Conservation of Bats in the state of Oaxaca.
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Rolfes JW, Encarnação JA, Becker NI. Going Bald — The Hairy Affair of Timing in Telemetry Studies: Moulting Activity in European Bat Species. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2021.23.2.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon W. Rolfes
- Mammalian Ecology Group, Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jorge A. Encarnação
- Mammalian Ecology Group, Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Nina I. Becker
- Institute for Applied Animal Ecology and Ecoinformatics, Im Brühl 2, 35457 Lollar, Germany
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Hooper SE, Amelon SK, Lin CH. Development of an LC-MS/MS Method for Non-Invasive Biomonitoring of Neonicotinoid and Systemic Herbicide Pesticide Residues in Bat Hair. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10020073. [PMID: 35202259 PMCID: PMC8878529 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
With over a quarter of the world’s bats species facing extinction, there is a need for ecotoxicological studies to assess if acute and sublethal exposure to newer pesticides such as neonicotinoids and carbonates contribute to population declines. Pesticide exposure studies in bats have been limited to terminal sampling methods, therefore we developed a non-invasive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method utilizing hair trimmings. The hair of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) was collected and pooled by county to assess the best extraction solvent and solid-phase-extraction (SPE) clean-up cartridges. Using the best performing extraction solvent, methanol, and the best performing SPE cartridge, Chromabond HR-X, we developed an optimized multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of 3 neonicotinoids, clothianidin, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam; 1 carbonate, carbaryl; and 4 systemic herbicides, 2,4-D, atrazine, dicamba, and glyphosate. The optimized protocol yielded the detection of 3–8 of the compounds in the county-level bat hair pools. 2,4-D, glyphosate, and imidacloprid were found in all samples with two of the county-level hair samples having glyphosate concentrations of over 3500 pg/mg of hair. This approach has great potential to facilitate non-terminal ecotoxicological studies assessing the effects of subacute (chronic) pesticide exposure in threatened and endangered bat species and other species experiencing population declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Hooper
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts KN0101, West Indies
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 201 Connaway Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Correspondence: , or
| | - Sybill K. Amelon
- USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, 202 ABNR Building, 1111 Rollins St., Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Chung-Ho Lin
- Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, 302 ABNR Building, 1111 Rollins St., Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
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Cornelsen KA, Arkinstall CM, van Weenen J, Ross AK, Lawes JC, Moseby KE, Elphinstone A, Jordan NR. Telemetry tails: a practical method for attaching animal-borne devices to small vertebrates in the field. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/wr21107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Brewer CT, Rauch-Davis WA, Fraser EE. The Use of Intrinsic Markers for Studying the Migratory Movements of Bats. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3477. [PMID: 34944252 PMCID: PMC8698158 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortality of migratory bat species at wind energy facilities is a well-documented phenomenon, and mitigation and management are partially constrained by the current limited knowledge of bat migratory movements. Analyses of biochemical signatures in bat tissues ("intrinsic markers") can provide information about the migratory origins of individual bats. Many tissue samples for intrinsic marker analysis may be collected from living and dead bats, including carcasses collected at wind energy facilities. In this paper, we review the full suite of available intrinsic marker analysis techniques that may be used to study bat migration, with the goal of summarizing the current literature and highlighting knowledge gaps and opportunities. We discuss applications of the stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, sulfur; radiogenic strontium isotopes; trace elements and contaminants; and the combination of these markers with each other and with other extrinsic markers. We further discuss the tissue types that may be analyzed for each and provide a synthesis of the generalized workflow required to link bats to origins using intrinsic markers. While stable hydrogen isotope techniques have clearly been the leading approach to infer migratory bat movement patterns across the landscape, here we emphasize a variety of lesser used intrinsic markers (i.e., strontium, trace elements, contaminants) that may address new study areas or answer novel research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erin E. Fraser
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 20 University Drive, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada; (C.T.B.); (W.A.R.-D.)
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21
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Kline E, Ripperger SP, Carter GG. Habituation of common vampire bats to biologgers. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:211249. [PMID: 34966554 PMCID: PMC8633775 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Rapid advancements in biologging technology have led to unprecedented insights into animal behaviour, but testing the effects of biologgers on tagged animals is necessary for both scientific and ethical reasons. Here, we measured how quickly 13 wild-caught and captively isolated common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) habituated to mock proximity sensors glued to their dorsal fur. To assess habituation, we scored video-recorded behaviours every minute from 18.00 to 06.00 for 3 days, then compared the rates of grooming directed to the sensor tag versus to their own body. During the first hour, the mean tag-grooming rate declined dramatically from 53% of sampled time (95% CI = 36-65%, n = 6) to 16% (8-24%, n = 9), and down to 4% by hour 5 (1-6%, n = 13), while grooming of the bat's own body did not decline. When tags are firmly attached, isolated individual vampire bats mostly habituate within an hour of tag attachment. In two cases, however, tags became loose before falling off causing the bats to dishabituate. For tags glued to fur, behavioural data are likely to be impacted immediately after the tag is attached and when it is loose before it falls off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Kline
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Aronoff Laboratory, 318 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Simon P. Ripperger
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Aronoff Laboratory, 318 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Museum für Naturkunde–Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - Gerald G. Carter
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Aronoff Laboratory, 318 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Republic of Panama
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22
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Leal ESB, Bernard E. Mobility of bats between caves: ecological aspects and implications for conservation and environmental licensing activities in Brazil. STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01650521.2021.1964910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edson Silva Barbosa Leal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ciência Aplicada à Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Enrico Bernard
- Laboratório de Ciência Aplicada à Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Williams HJ, Shipley JR, Rutz C, Wikelski M, Wilkes M, Hawkes LA. Future trends in measuring physiology in free-living animals. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200230. [PMID: 34176330 PMCID: PMC8237165 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thus far, ecophysiology research has predominantly been conducted within controlled laboratory-based environments, owing to a mismatch between the recording technologies available for physiological monitoring in wild animals and the suite of behaviours and environments they need to withstand, without unduly affecting subjects. While it is possible to record some physiological variables for free-living animals using animal-attached logging devices, including inertial-measurement, heart-rate and temperature loggers, the field is still in its infancy. In this opinion piece, we review the most important future research directions for advancing the field of 'physiologging' in wild animals, including the technological development that we anticipate will be required, and the fiscal and ethical challenges that must be overcome. Non-invasive, multi-sensor miniature devices are ubiquitous in the world of human health and fitness monitoring, creating invaluable opportunities for animal and human physiologging to drive synergistic advances. We argue that by capitalizing on the research efforts and advancements made in the development of human wearables, it will be possible to design the non-invasive loggers needed by ecophysiologists to collect accurate physiological data from free-ranging animals ethically and with an absolute minimum of impact. In turn, findings have the capacity to foster transformative advances in human health monitoring. Thus, we invite biomedical engineers and researchers to collaborate with the animal-tagging community to drive forward the advancements necessary to realize the full potential of both fields. This article is part of the theme issue 'Measuring physiology in free-living animals (Part II)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. J. Williams
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
| | - J. Ryan Shipley
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
| | - C. Rutz
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
| | - M. Wikelski
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - M. Wilkes
- Extreme Environments Research Group, University of Portsmouth, Spinnaker Building, Cambridge Road, Portsmouth PO1 2EF, UK
| | - L. A. Hawkes
- Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK
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Bista D, Lama ST, Weerman J, Sherpa AP, Pandey P, Thapa MK, Acharya H, Hudson NJ, Baxter GS, Murray PJ. Improved Trapping and Handling of an Arboreal, Montane Mammal: Red Panda Ailurus fulgens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11040921. [PMID: 33805041 PMCID: PMC8064068 DOI: 10.3390/ani11040921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Capture and handling is essential to study some biological and ecological properties of free-ranging animals. However, capturing an arboreal and cryptic species such as the red panda is challenging due to the difficult terrain, their elusive nature, and potential risks to human and animal safety. We developed and successfully tested a protocol for tracking, capture, immobilization, and handling of red pandas. This method could also be used, with some modifications, for other arboreal species. This study extends the known range of body weight and length of free-ranging red pandas. We also report some new morphometric data that could serve as a guide for field identification. Abstract It is sometimes essential to have an animal in the hand to study some of their ecological and biological characteristics. However, capturing a solitary, cryptic, elusive arboreal species such as the red panda in the wild is challenging. We developed and successfully tested a protocol for tracking, trapping, immobilization, and handling of red pandas in the wild in eastern Nepal. We established a red panda sighting rate of 0.89 panda/day with a capture success rate of 0.6. We trapped and collared one animal in 3.7 days. On average, we took nearly 136 (range 50–317) min to capture an animal after spotting it. Further processing was completed in 38.5 (21–70) min. Before capture, we found it difficult to recognize the sex of the red panda and to differentiate sub-adults above six months from adults. However, body weight, body length, tail length, shoulder height, and chest girth can be used for diagnosis, as these attributes are smaller in sub-adults. Our method is a welfare-friendly way of trapping and handling wild red pandas. We report new morphometric data that could serve as a guide for field identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damber Bista
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; (N.J.H.); (G.S.B.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Sonam Tashi Lama
- Red Panda Network, Baluwatar, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal; (S.T.L.); (A.P.S.)
| | - Janno Weerman
- Rotterdam Zoo, Blijdorplaan 8, 3041 JG Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Ang Phuri Sherpa
- Red Panda Network, Baluwatar, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal; (S.T.L.); (A.P.S.)
| | - Purushotam Pandey
- Directorate of Livestock and Fisheries Development, Province no.1, Biratnagar 56613, Nepal;
| | - Madhuri Karki Thapa
- Department of Forest and Soil Conservation, Babarmahal, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal;
| | - Haribhadra Acharya
- Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Babarmahal, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal;
| | - Nicholas J. Hudson
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; (N.J.H.); (G.S.B.)
| | - Greg S. Baxter
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; (N.J.H.); (G.S.B.)
| | - Peter John Murray
- School of Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West St, Darling Heights, QLD 4350, Australia;
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O'Mara MT, Amorim F, Scacco M, McCracken GF, Safi K, Mata V, Tomé R, Swartz S, Wikelski M, Beja P, Rebelo H, Dechmann DKN. Bats use topography and nocturnal updrafts to fly high and fast. Curr Biol 2021; 31:1311-1316.e4. [PMID: 33545045 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
During the day, flying animals exploit the environmental energy landscape by seeking out thermal or orographic uplift, or extracting energy from wind gradients.1-6 However, most of these energy sources are not thought to be available at night because of the lower thermal potential in the nocturnal atmosphere, as well as the difficulty of locating features that generate uplift. Despite this, several bat species have been observed hundreds to thousands of meters above the ground.7-9 Individuals make repeated, energetically costly high-altitude ascents,10-13 and others fly at some of the fastest speeds observed for powered vertebrate flight.14 We hypothesized that bats use orographic uplift to reach high altitudes,9,15-17 and that both this uplift and bat high-altitude ascents would be highly predictable.18 By superimposing detailed three-dimensional GPS tracking of European free-tailed bats (Tadarida teniotis) on high-resolution regional wind data, we show that bats do indeed use the energy of orographic uplift to climb to over 1,600 m, and also that they reach maximum sustained self-powered airspeeds of 135 km h-1. We show that wind and topography can predict areas of the landscape able to support high-altitude ascents, and that bats use these locations to reach high altitudes while reducing airspeeds. Bats then integrate wind conditions to guide high-altitude ascents, deftly exploiting vertical wind energy in the nocturnal landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teague O'Mara
- Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA, USA; Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell Germany; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Francisco Amorim
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Martina Scacco
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell Germany; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Gary F McCracken
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Kamran Safi
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell Germany; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Vanessa Mata
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Tomé
- Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sharon Swartz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell Germany; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Pedro Beja
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal; CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hugo Rebelo
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal; CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dina K N Dechmann
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell Germany; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Costa TD, Santos CD, Rainho A, Abedi-Lartey M, Fahr J, Wikelski M, Dechmann DKN. Assessing roost disturbance of straw-coloured fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) through tri-axial acceleration. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242662. [PMID: 33226991 PMCID: PMC7682868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The disturbance of wildlife by humans is a worldwide phenomenon that contributes to the loss of biodiversity. It can impact animals' behaviour and physiology, and this can lead to changes in species distribution and richness. Wildlife disturbance has mostly been assessed through direct observation. However, advances in bio-logging provide a new range of sensors that may allow measuring disturbance of animals with high precision and remotely, and reducing the effects of human observers. We used tri-axial accelerometers to identify daytime flights of roosting straw-coloured fruit bats (Eidolon helvum), which were used as a proxy for roost disturbance. This bat species roosts on trees in large numbers (often reaching hundreds of thousands of animals), making them highly vulnerable to disturbance. We captured and tagged 46 straw-coloured fruit bats with dataloggers, containing a global positioning system (GPS) and an accelerometer, in five roosts in Ghana, Burkina Faso and Zambia. Daytime roost flights were identified from accelerometer signatures and modelled against our activity in the roosts during the days of trapping, as a predictor of roost disturbance, and natural stressors (solar irradiance, precipitation and wind speed). We found that daytime roost flight probability increased during days of trapping and with increasing solar irradiance (which may reflect the search for shade to prevent overheating). Our results validate the use of accelerometers to measure roost disturbance of straw-coloured fruit bats and suggest that these devices may be very useful in conservation monitoring programs for large fruit bat species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Domingues Costa
- cE3c –Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos D. Santos
- Núcleo de Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Correa 1, Guamá, Belém, Brazil
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Ana Rainho
- cE3c –Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Michael Abedi-Lartey
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jakob Fahr
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Braunschweig University of Technology, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dina K. N. Dechmann
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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27
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Ripperger SP, Stockmaier S, Carter GG. Tracking sickness effects on social encounters via continuous proximity sensing in wild vampire bats. Behav Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Sickness behaviors can slow the spread of pathogens across a social network. We conducted a field experiment to investigate how sickness behavior affects individual connectedness over time using a dynamic social network created from high-resolution proximity data. After capturing adult female vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) from a roost, we created “sick” bats by injecting a random half of bats with the immune-challenging substance, lipopolysaccharide, while the control group received saline injections. Over the next 3 days, we used proximity sensors to continuously track dyadic associations between 16 “sick” bats and 15 control bats under natural conditions. Compared to control bats, “sick” bats associated with fewer bats, spent less time near others, and were less socially connected to more well-connected individuals (sick bats had on average a lower degree, strength, and eigenvector centrality). High-resolution proximity data allow researchers to flexibly define network connections (association rates) based on how a particular pathogen is transmitted (e.g., contact duration of >1 vs. >60 min, contact proximity of <1 vs. <10 m). Therefore, we inspected how different ways of measuring association rates changed the observed effect of LPS. How researchers define association rates influences the magnitude and detectability of sickness effects on network centrality. When animals are sick, they often encounter fewer individuals. We tracked this unintentional “social distancing” effect hour-by-hour in a wild colony of vampire bats. Using bat-borne proximity sensors, we compared changes in the social network connectedness of immune-challenged “sick” bats versus “control” bats over time. “Sick” bats had fewer encounters with others and spent less time near others. Associations changed dramatically by time of day, and different measures of association influenced the sickness effect estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Ripperger
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Stockmaier
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Gerald G Carter
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
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Mendes P, Srbek‐Araujo AC. Effects of land‐use changes on Brazilian bats: a review of current knowledge. Mamm Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Poliana Mendes
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia de Ecossistemas Universidade Vila Velha Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, nº 21, Boa Vista Vila Velha Espírito SantoCEP 29102‐920 Brazil
- Département de Phytologie Université Laval nº 2425, Rue de l’Agriculture Ville de Québec QCG1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Ana Carolina Srbek‐Araujo
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia de Ecossistemas Universidade Vila Velha Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, nº 21, Boa Vista Vila Velha Espírito SantoCEP 29102‐920 Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciência Animal Universidade Vila Velha Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, nº 21, Boa Vista Vila Velha Espírito SantoCEP 29102‐920 Brazil
- Instituto SerraDiCal de Pesquisa e Conservação Rua José Hemetério Andrade, nº 570, Bloco 06, apto 201, Bairro Buritis, Belo Horizonte Vila Velha Minas GeraisCEP 30493‐180 Brazil
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29
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Soulsbury CD, Gray HE, Smith LM, Braithwaite V, Cotter SC, Elwood RW, Wilkinson A, Collins LM. The welfare and ethics of research involving wild animals: A primer. Methods Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen E. Gray
- Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | | | | | | | - Robert W. Elwood
- School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast UK
| | - Anna Wilkinson
- School of Life Sciences University of Lincoln Lincoln UK
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30
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Randhawa N, Bird BH, VanWormer E, Sijali Z, Kilonzo C, Msigwa A, Ekiri AB, Samson A, Epstein JH, Wolking DJ, Smith WA, Martínez-López B, Kazwala R, Mazet JAK. Fruit bats in flight: a look into the movements of the ecologically important Eidolon helvum in Tanzania. ONE HEALTH OUTLOOK 2020; 2:16. [PMID: 32835170 PMCID: PMC7402849 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-020-00020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many ecologically important plants are pollinated or have their seeds dispersed by fruit bats, including the widely distributed African straw-colored fruit bats (Eidolon helvum). Their ability to fly long distances makes them essential for connecting plant populations across fragmented landscapes. While bats have been implicated as a reservoir of infectious diseases, their role in disease transmission to humans is not well understood. In this pilot study, we tracked E. helvum to shed light on their movement patterns in Tanzania and possible contact with other species. METHODS Tracking devices were deployed on 25 bats captured in the Morogoro Municipal and Kilombero District area near the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania. Nightly flight patterns, areas corresponding to foraging bouts and feeding roosts, and new day roosts were determined from bat movement data and characterized according to their proximity to urban built-up and protected areas. Sites for additional environmental surveillance using camera traps were identified via tracking data to determine species coming in contact with fruits discarded by bats. RESULTS Tracking data revealed variability between individual bat movements and a fidelity to foraging areas. Bats were tracked from one to six nights, with a mean cumulative nightly flight distance of 26.14 km (min: 0.33, max: 97.57) based on data from high-resolution GPS tags. While the majority of their foraging locations were in or near urban areas, bats also foraged in protected areas, of which the Udzungwa Mountains National Park was the most frequented. Camera traps in fruit orchards frequented by tracked bats showed the presence of multiple species of wildlife, with vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) observed as directly handling and eating fruit discarded by bats. CONCLUSIONS Because we observed multiple interactions of animals with fruits discarded by bats, specifically with vervet monkeys, the possibility of disease spillover risk exists via this indirect pathway. With flight distances of up to 97 km, however, the role of E. helvum in the seed dispersal of plants across both protected and urban built-up areas in Tanzania may be even more important, especially by helping connect increasingly fragmented landscapes during this Anthropocene epoch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nistara Randhawa
- Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1089 Veterinary Drive, Davis, CA USA
| | - Brian H. Bird
- Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1089 Veterinary Drive, Davis, CA USA
| | - Elizabeth VanWormer
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Zikankuba Sijali
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Christopher Kilonzo
- Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1089 Veterinary Drive, Davis, CA USA
| | - Alphonce Msigwa
- Tanzania National Park, Burigi-Chato National Park, Karagwe-Kagera, Tanzania
| | - Abel B. Ekiri
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Aziza Samson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | | | - David J. Wolking
- Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1089 Veterinary Drive, Davis, CA USA
| | - Woutrina A. Smith
- Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1089 Veterinary Drive, Davis, CA USA
| | - Beatriz Martínez-López
- Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | - Rudovick Kazwala
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Jonna A. K. Mazet
- Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1089 Veterinary Drive, Davis, CA USA
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31
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Ripperger SP, Carter GG, Page RA, Duda N, Koelpin A, Weigel R, Hartmann M, Nowak T, Thielecke J, Schadhauser M, Robert J, Herbst S, Meyer-Wegener K, Wägemann P, Schröder-Preikschat W, Cassens B, Kapitza R, Dressler F, Mayer F. Thinking small: Next-generation sensor networks close the size gap in vertebrate biologging. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000655. [PMID: 32240158 PMCID: PMC7117662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in animal tracking technology have ushered in a new era in biologging. However, the considerable size of many sophisticated biologging devices restricts their application to larger animals, whereas older techniques often still represent the state-of-the-art for studying small vertebrates. In industrial applications, low-power wireless sensor networks (WSNs) fulfill requirements similar to those needed to monitor animal behavior at high resolution and at low tag mass. We developed a wireless biologging network (WBN), which enables simultaneous direct proximity sensing, high-resolution tracking, and long-range remote data download at tag masses of 1 to 2 g. Deployments to study wild bats created social networks and flight trajectories of unprecedented quality. Our developments highlight the vast capabilities of WBNs and their potential to close an important gap in biologging: fully automated tracking and proximity sensing of small animals, even in closed habitats, at high spatial and temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P. Ripperger
- Museum für Naturkunde–Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Republic of Panama
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gerald G. Carter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Republic of Panama
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rachel A. Page
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - Niklas Duda
- Institute for Electronics Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Koelpin
- Chair for Electronics and Sensor Systems, Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Robert Weigel
- Institute for Electronics Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Hartmann
- Institute of Information Technology (Communication Electronics) LIKE, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen-Tennenlohe, Germany
| | - Thorsten Nowak
- Institute of Information Technology (Communication Electronics) LIKE, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen-Tennenlohe, Germany
| | - Jörn Thielecke
- Institute of Information Technology (Communication Electronics) LIKE, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen-Tennenlohe, Germany
| | - Michael Schadhauser
- Institute of Information Technology (Communication Electronics) LIKE, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen-Tennenlohe, Germany
| | - Jörg Robert
- Institute of Information Technology (Communication Electronics) LIKE, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen-Tennenlohe, Germany
| | - Sebastian Herbst
- Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus Meyer-Wegener
- Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Wägemann
- Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Björn Cassens
- Carl-Friedrich-Gauß-Fakultät, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Kapitza
- Carl-Friedrich-Gauß-Fakultät, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Falko Dressler
- Heinz Nixdorf Institute and Dept. of Computer Science, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Frieder Mayer
- Museum für Naturkunde–Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, Berlin, Germany
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Batsleer F, Bonte D, Dekeukeleire D, Goossens S, Poelmans W, Van der Cruyssen E, Maes D, Vandegehuchte ML. The neglected impact of tracking devices on terrestrial arthropods. Methods Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Femke Batsleer
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit Department of Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit Department of Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Daan Dekeukeleire
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit Department of Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit Department of Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Ward Poelmans
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit Department of Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | | | - Dirk Maes
- Species Diversity Group Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO) Brussels Belgium
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Decision making in foraging bats. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 60:169-175. [PMID: 31927435 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Foraging is a complex and cognitively demanding behavior. Although it is often regarded as a mundane task, foraging requires the continuous weighting and integration of many sources of information with varying levels of credence. Bats are extremely diverse in their ecology and behavior, and thus demonstrate a wide variety of foraging strategies. In this review, we examine the different factors influencing the decision process of bats during foraging. Technological developments of recent years will soon enable real-time tracking of environmental conditions, of the position and quality of food items, the location of conspecifics, and the bat's movement history. Monitoring these variables alongside the continuous movement of the bat will facilitate the testing of different decision-making theories such as the use of reinforcement learning in wild free ranging bats and other animals.
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van Harten E, Reardon T, Holz PH, Lawrence R, Prowse TAA, Lumsden LF. Recovery of southern bent-winged bats (Miniopterus orianae bassanii) after PIT-tagging and the use of surgical adhesive. AUSTRALIAN MAMMALOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/am19024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Surgical adhesive is widely used to prevent shedding of injected PIT-tags, but the effect of this adhesive on individuals has not been documented. We recaptured 52 southern bent-winged bats up to 741 days after PIT-tagging. All recaptured individuals were in good body condition, with no signs of infection or skin irritation; however, temporary fur loss occurred at the injection site. We advocate that researchers consider the impact this may have on study species, particularly when PIT-tagging small mammals during cooler months.
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van Harten E, Reardon T, Lumsden LF, Meyers N, Prowse TAA, Weyland J, Lawrence R. High detectability with low impact: Optimizing large PIT tracking systems for cave-dwelling bats. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:10916-10928. [PMID: 31641445 PMCID: PMC6802374 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag technology permits the "resighting" of animals tagged for ecological research without the need for physical re-trapping. Whilst this is effective if animals pass within centimeters of tag readers, short-distance detection capabilities have prevented the use of this technology with many species. To address this problem, we optimized a large (15 m long) flexible antenna system to provide a c. 8 m2 vertical detection plane for detecting animals in flight. We installed antennas at two roosting caves, including the primary maternity cave, of the critically endangered southern bent-winged bat (Miniopterus orianae bassanii) in south-eastern Australia. Testing of these systems indicated PIT-tags could be detected up to 105 cm either side of the antenna plane. Over the course of a three-year study, we subcutaneously PIT-tagged 2,966 bats and logged over 1.4 million unique detections, with 97% of tagged bats detected at least once. The probability of encountering a tagged bat decreased with increasing environmental "noise" (unwanted signal) perceived by the system. During the study, we mitigated initial high noise levels by earthing both systems, which contributed to an increase in daily detection probability (based on the proportion of individuals known to be alive that were detected each day) from <0.2 (noise level ≥30%) to 0.7-0.8 (noise level 5%-15%). Conditional on a low (5%) noise level, model-based estimates of daily encounter probability were highest (>0.8) during peak breeding season when both female and male southern bent-winged bats congregate at the maternity cave. In this paper, we detail the methods employed and make methodological recommendations for future wildlife research using large antennas, including earthing systems as standard protocol and quantifying noise metrics as a covariate influencing the probability of detection in subsequent analyses. Our results demonstrate that large PIT antennas can be used successfully to detect small volant species, extending the scope of PIT technology and enabling a much broader range of wildlife species to be studied using this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmi van Harten
- Department of Ecology, Environment and EvolutionLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVic.Australia
| | | | - Lindy F. Lumsden
- Department of Environment, Land, Water and PlanningArthur Rylah Institute for Environmental ResearchHeidelbergVic.Australia
| | | | - Thomas A. A. Prowse
- School of Mathematical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - John Weyland
- School of Natural and Built EnvironmentsUniversity of South AustraliaMawson LakesSAAustralia
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Shafer MW, Vega G, Rothfus K, Flikkema P. UAV wildlife radiotelemetry: System and methods of localization. Methods Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Shafer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona
| | - Gabriel Vega
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona
| | - Kellan Rothfus
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona
| | - Paul Flikkema
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona
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Olson SH, Bounga G, Ondzie A, Bushmaker T, Seifert SN, Kuisma E, Taylor DW, Munster VJ, Walzer C. Lek-associated movement of a putative Ebolavirus reservoir, the hammer-headed fruit bat (Hypsignathus monstrosus), in northern Republic of Congo. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223139. [PMID: 31574111 PMCID: PMC6772046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The biology and ecology of Africa's largest fruit bat remains largely understudied and enigmatic despite at least two highly unusual attributes. The acoustic lek mating behavior of the hammer-headed bat (Hypsignathus monstrosus) in the Congo basin was first described in the 1970s. More recently molecular testing implicated this species and other African bats as potential reservoir hosts for Ebola virus and it was one of only two fruit bat species epidemiologically linked to the 2008 Luebo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ebola outbreak. Here we share findings from the first pilot study of hammer-headed bat movement using GPS tracking and accelerometry units and a small preceding radio-tracking trial at an apparent lekking site. The radio-tracking revealed adult males had high rates of nightly visitation to the site compared to females (only one visit) and that two of six females day-roosted ~100 m west of Libonga, the nearest village that is ~1.6 km southwest. Four months later, in mid-April 2018, five individual bats, comprised of four males and one female, were tracked from two to 306 days, collecting from 67 to 1022 GPS locations. As measured by mean distance to the site and proportion of nightly GPS locations within 1 km of the site (percent visitation), the males were much more closely associated with the site (mean distance 1.4 km; 51% visitation), than the female (mean 5.5 km; 2.2% visitation). Despite the small sample size, our tracking evidence supports our original characterization of the site as a lek, and the lek itself is much more central to male than female movement. Moreover, our pilot demonstrates the technical feasibility of executing future studies on hammer-headed bats that will help fill problematic knowledge gaps about zoonotic spillover risks and the conservation needs of fruit bats across the continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H. Olson
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gerard Bounga
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Alain Ondzie
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Trent Bushmaker
- Virus Ecology Section, Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Stephanie N. Seifert
- Virus Ecology Section, Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Eeva Kuisma
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Dylan W. Taylor
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Vincent J. Munster
- Virus Ecology Section, Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Chris Walzer
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Pancerasa M, Sangiorgio M, Ambrosini R, Saino N, Winkler DW, Casagrandi R. Reconstruction of long-distance bird migration routes using advanced machine learning techniques on geolocator data. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20190031. [PMID: 31213173 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Geolocators are a well-established technology to reconstruct migration routes of animals that are too small to carry satellite tags (e.g. passerine birds). These devices record environmental light-level data that enable the reconstruction of daily positions from the time of twilight. However, all current methods for analysing geolocator data require manual pre-processing of raw records to eliminate twilight events showing unnatural variation in light levels, a step that is time-consuming and must be accomplished by a trained expert. Here, we propose and implement advanced machine learning techniques to automate this procedure and we apply them to 108 migration tracks of barn swallows ( Hirundo rustica). We show that routes reconstructed from the automated pre-processing are comparable to those obtained from manual selection accomplished by a human expert. This raises the possibility of fully automating light-level geolocator data analysis and possibly analysing the large amount of data already collected on several species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pancerasa
- 1 Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano , Via Giuseppe Ponzio, 34, Milano 20133 , Italy
| | - Matteo Sangiorgio
- 1 Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano , Via Giuseppe Ponzio, 34, Milano 20133 , Italy
| | - Roberto Ambrosini
- 2 Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 26, Milano 20133 , Italy
| | - Nicola Saino
- 2 Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 26, Milano 20133 , Italy
| | - David W Winkler
- 3 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University , Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 , USA
| | - Renato Casagrandi
- 1 Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano , Via Giuseppe Ponzio, 34, Milano 20133 , Italy
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Hurme E, Gurarie E, Greif S, Herrera M. LG, Flores-Martínez JJ, Wilkinson GS, Yovel Y. Acoustic evaluation of behavioral states predicted from GPS tracking: a case study of a marine fishing bat. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2019; 7:21. [PMID: 31223482 PMCID: PMC6567457 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-019-0163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple methods have been developed to infer behavioral states from animal movement data, but rarely has their accuracy been assessed from independent evidence, especially for location data sampled with high temporal resolution. Here we evaluate the performance of behavioral segmentation methods using acoustic recordings that monitor prey capture attempts. METHODS We recorded GPS locations and ultrasonic audio during the foraging trips of 11 Mexican fish-eating bats, Myotis vivesi, using miniature bio-loggers. We then applied five different segmentation algorithms (k-means clustering, expectation-maximization and binary clustering, first-passage time, hidden Markov models, and correlated velocity change point analysis) to infer two behavioral states, foraging and commuting, from the GPS data. To evaluate the inference, we independently identified characteristic patterns of biosonar calls ("feeding buzzes") that occur during foraging in the audio recordings. We then compared segmentation methods on how well they correctly identified the two behaviors and if their estimates of foraging movement parameters matched those for locations with buzzes. RESULTS While the five methods differed in the median percentage of buzzes occurring during predicted foraging events, or true positive rate (44-75%), a two-state hidden Markov model had the highest median balanced accuracy (67%). Hidden Markov models and first-passage time predicted foraging flight speeds and turn angles similar to those measured at locations with feeding buzzes and did not differ in the number or duration of predicted foraging events. CONCLUSION The hidden Markov model method performed best at identifying fish-eating bat foraging segments; however, first-passage time was not significantly different and gave similar parameter estimates. This is the first attempt to evaluate segmentation methodologies in echolocating bats and provides an evaluation framework that can be used on other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Hurme
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Eliezer Gurarie
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Stefan Greif
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801 Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801 Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - L. Gerardo Herrera M.
- Estación de Biología de Chamela, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 48980 San Patricio, Mexico
| | - José Juan Flores-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Sistemas de Información Geográfica, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Yossi Yovel
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801 Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801 Tel-Aviv, Israel
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O'Mara MT, Scharf AK, Fahr J, Abedi-Lartey M, Wikelski M, Dechmann DKN, Safi K. Overall Dynamic Body Acceleration in Straw-Colored Fruit Bats Increases in Headwinds but Not With Airspeed. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Teague O'Mara M, Wikelski M, Kranstauber B, Dechmann DKN. First three-dimensional tracks of bat migration reveal large amounts of individual behavioral flexibility. Ecology 2019; 100:e02762. [PMID: 31127630 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Teague O'Mara
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, Radolfzell, 78315, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätstr. 10, Konstanz, 78457, Germany.,Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Universitätstr. 10, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, Radolfzell, 78315, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätstr. 10, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
| | - Bart Kranstauber
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, Radolfzell, 78315, Germany.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurstr. 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Dina K N Dechmann
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, Radolfzell, 78315, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätstr. 10, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
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Greif S, Yovel Y. Using on-board sound recordings to infer behaviour of free-moving wild animals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:222/Suppl_1/jeb184689. [PMID: 30728226 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.184689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Technological advances in the last 20 years have enabled researchers to develop increasingly sophisticated miniature devices (tags) that record an animal's behaviour not from an observational, external viewpoint, but directly on the animals themselves. So far, behavioural research with these tags has mostly been conducted using movement or acceleration data. But on-board audio recordings have become more and more common following pioneering work in marine mammal research. The first questions that come to mind when recording sound on-board animals concern their vocal behaviour. When are they calling? How do they adjust their behaviour? What acoustic parameters do they change and how? However, other topics like foraging behaviour, social interactions or environmental acoustics can now be addressed as well and offer detailed insight into the animals' daily life. In this Review, we discuss the possibilities, advantages and limitations of on-board acoustic recordings. We focus primarily on bats as their active-sensing, echolocating lifestyle allows many approaches to a multi-faceted acoustic assessment of their behaviour. The general ideas and concepts, however, are applicable to many animals and hopefully will demonstrate the versatility of on-board acoustic recordings and stimulate new research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Greif
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yossi Yovel
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel .,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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O'Mara MT, Wikelski M, Kranstauber B, Dechmann DKN. Common noctules exploit low levels of the aerosphere. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:181942. [PMID: 30891300 PMCID: PMC6408413 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aerial habitats present a challenge to find food across a large potential search volume, particularly for insectivorous bats that rely on echolocation calls with limited detection range and may forage at heights over 1000 m. To understand how bats use vertical space, we tracked one to five foraging flights of eight common noctules (Nyctalus noctula). Bats were tracked for their full foraging session (87.27 ± 24 min) using high-resolution atmospheric pressure radio transmitters that allowed us to calculate height and wingbeat frequency. Bats used diverse flight strategies, but generally flew lower than 40 m, with scouting flights to 100 m and a maximum of 300 m. We found no influence of weather on height, and high-altitude ascents were not preceded by an increase in foraging effort. Wingbeat frequency was independent from climbing or descending flight, and bats skipped wingbeats or glided in 10% of all observations. Wingbeat frequency was positively related to capture mass, and wingbeat frequency was positively related to time of night, indicating an effect of load increase over a foraging bout. Overall, individuals used a wide range of airspace including altitudes that put them at increased risk from human-made structures. Further work is needed to test the context of these flight decisions, particularly as individuals migrate throughout Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Teague O'Mara
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Bart Kranstauber
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Dina K. N. Dechmann
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
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44
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Sánchez-Román A, Gómez-Navarro L, Fablet R, Oro D, Mason E, Arcos JM, Ruiz S, Pascual A. Rafting behaviour of seabirds as a proxy to describe surface ocean currents in the Balearic Sea. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17775. [PMID: 30635588 PMCID: PMC7052213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatio-temporal variability of surface geostrophic mesoscale currents in the Balearic Sea (western Mediterranean) is characterized from satellite altimetry in combination with in-situ velocity measurements collected, among others, by drifting buoys, gliders and high-frequency radar. Here, we explore the use of tracking data from living organisms in the Balearic Sea as an alternative way to acquire in-situ velocity measurements. Specifically, we use GPS-tracks of resting Scopoli’s shearwaters Calonectris diomedea, that act as passive drifters, and compare them with satellite-derived velocity patterns. Results suggest that animal-borne GPS data can be used to identify rafting behaviour outside of the breeding colonies and, furthermore, as a proxy to describe local sea surface currents. Four rafting patterns were identified according to the prevailing driving forces responsible for the observed trajectories. We find that 76% of the bird trajectories are associated with the combined effects of slippage and Ekman drift and/or surface drag; 59% are directly driven by the sea surface currents. Shearwaters are therefore likely to be passively transported by these driving forces while resting. The tracks are generally consistent with the mesoscale features observed in satellite data and identified with eddy-tracking software.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sánchez-Román
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21, Esporles, 07190, Illes Balears, Spain.
| | - L Gómez-Navarro
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21, Esporles, 07190, Illes Balears, Spain.,University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, IGE, Grenoble, 38400, France
| | - R Fablet
- labSTICC, TOMS, Brest, 29238, France
| | - D Oro
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21, Esporles, 07190, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - E Mason
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21, Esporles, 07190, Illes Balears, Spain.,Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - J M Arcos
- SEO/BirdLife, Marine Programme, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Ruiz
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21, Esporles, 07190, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - A Pascual
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21, Esporles, 07190, Illes Balears, Spain
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Abstract
This article summarizes current knowledge about the migratory behavior of temperate and tropical bats. A close association between migration and hibernation exists in temperate, but not in tropical, bats. Compared with birds, bats are relatively short-distance migrators, with maximum migration distances being <2000 km; intercontinental migration is likely to be uncommon in bats. Migratory bats have lower levels of population subdivision and larger genetically effective population sizes than nonmigratory bats. A variety of methods, including banding, genetic analyses, stable isotope analyses, and tracking with radio or satellite transmitters, are currently being used to study bat migration. The conservation of migratory bats poses special challenges that require national and international efforts. Migratory bats sometimes harbor pathogens that can be transmitted to humans. Overall, the beneficial aspects of migratory bats, including control of insect populations and dispersal of pollen and seeds over broad areas, far outweigh their negative aspects.
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46
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Conenna I, López-Baucells A, Rocha R, Ripperger S, Cabeza M. Movement seasonality in a desert-dwelling bat revealed by miniature GPS loggers. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2019; 7:27. [PMID: 31428429 PMCID: PMC6696681 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-019-0170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bats are among the most successful desert mammals. Yet, our understanding of their spatio-temporal dynamics in habitat use associated with the seasonal oscillation of resources is still limited. In this study, we have employed state-of-the-art lightweight GPS loggers to track the yellow-winged bat Lavia frons in a desert in northern Kenya to investigate how seasonality in a desert affects the a) spatial and b) temporal dimensions of movements in a low-mobility bat. METHODS Bats were tracked during April-May 2017 (rainy season) and January-February 2018 (dry season) using 1-g GPS loggers. Spatial and temporal dimensions of movements were quantified, respectively, as the home range and nightly activity patterns. We tested for differences between seasons to assess responses to seasonal drought. In addition, we quantified home range overlap between neighbouring individuals to investigate whether tracking data will be in accordance with previous reports on territoriality and social monogamy in L. frons. RESULTS We obtained data for 22 bats, 13 during the rainy and 9 during the dry season. Home ranges averaged 5.46 ± 11.04 ha and bats travelled a minimum distance of 99.69 ± 123.42 m/hour. During the dry season, home ranges were larger than in the rainy season, and bats exhibited high activity during most of the night. No apparent association with free water was identified during the dry season. The observed spatial organisation of home ranges supports previous observations that L. frons partitions the space into territories throughout the year. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that, in low-mobility bats, a potential way to cope with seasonally harsh conditions and resource scarcity in deserts is to cover larger areas and increase time active, suggesting lower cost-efficiency of the foraging activity. Climate change may pose additional pressures on L. frons and other low-mobility species by further reducing food abundances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Conenna
- Global Change and Conservation Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, Viikinkaari 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Adrià López-Baucells
- Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Granollers Museum of Natural Sciences, 08402 Granollers, Catalonia Spain
| | - Ricardo Rocha
- Global Change and Conservation Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, Viikinkaari 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Conservation Science Group Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EJ Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon Ripperger
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón Panama
| | - Mar Cabeza
- Global Change and Conservation Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, Viikinkaari 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Stidsholt L, Johnson M, Beedholm K, Jakobsen L, Kugler K, Brinkløv S, Salles A, Moss CF, Madsen PT. A 2.6‐g sound and movement tag for studying the acoustic scene and kinematics of echolocating bats. Methods Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Stidsholt
- ZoophysiologyDepartment of BioscienceAarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Mark Johnson
- ZoophysiologyDepartment of BioscienceAarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Scottish Oceans InstituteUniversity of St Andrews St Andrews Scotland
| | - Kristian Beedholm
- ZoophysiologyDepartment of BioscienceAarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Lasse Jakobsen
- Sound and Behaviour GroupInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Kathrin Kugler
- Division of NeurobiologyDepartment of Biologie IILudwig Maximilians University Martinsried Germany
| | - Signe Brinkløv
- ZoophysiologyDepartment of BioscienceAarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Sound and Behaviour GroupInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Angeles Salles
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesJohns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland
| | - Cynthia F. Moss
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesJohns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland
| | - Peter Teglberg Madsen
- ZoophysiologyDepartment of BioscienceAarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies Aarhus C Denmark
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48
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O'Mara MT, Rikker S, Wikelski M, Ter Maat A, Pollock HS, Dechmann DKN. Heart rate reveals torpor at high body temperatures in lowland tropical free-tailed bats. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:171359. [PMID: 29308259 PMCID: PMC5750026 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Reduction in metabolic rate and body temperature is a common strategy for small endotherms to save energy. The daily reduction in metabolic rate and heterothermy, or torpor, is particularly pronounced in regions with a large variation in daily ambient temperature. This applies most strongly in temperate bat species (order Chiroptera), but it is less clear how tropical bats save energy if ambient temperatures remain high. However, many subtropical and tropical species use some daily heterothermy on cool days. We recorded the heart rate and the body temperature of free-ranging Pallas' mastiff bats (Molossus molossus) in Gamboa, Panamá, and showed that these individuals have low field metabolic rates across a wide range of body temperatures that conform to high ambient temperature. Importantly, low metabolic rates in controlled respirometry trials were best predicted by heart rate, and not body temperature. Molossus molossus enter torpor-like states characterized by low metabolic rate and heart rates at body temperatures of 32°C, and thermoconform across a range of temperatures. Flexible metabolic strategies may be far more common in tropical endotherms than currently known.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Teague O'Mara
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama City, Panamá
- Author for correspondence: M. Teague O'Mara e-mail:
| | - Sebastian Rikker
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama City, Panamá
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Andries Ter Maat
- Department of Behavioural Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Henry S. Pollock
- Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Dina K. N. Dechmann
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama City, Panamá
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Jones PL, Hämsch F, Page RA, Kalko EKV, O'Mara MT. Foraging and Roosting Behaviour of the Fringe-Lipped Bat, Trachops cirrhosus, on Barro Colorado Island, Panamá. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2017. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2017.19.2.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L. Jones
- Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, 6500 College Station, Brunswick ME 04011-8465, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, República de Panamá
| | - Frank Hämsch
- Department of Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rachel A Page
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, República de Panamá
| | - Elisabeth K. V. Kalko
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, República de Panamá
- Institute of Experimental Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - M. Teague O'Mara
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, República de Panamá
- Department of Migration & Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
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Wakefield ED, Owen E, Baer J, Carroll MJ, Daunt F, Dodd SG, Green JA, Guilford T, Mavor RA, Miller PI, Newell MA, Newton SF, Robertson GS, Shoji A, Soanes LM, Votier SC, Wanless S, Bolton M. Breeding density, fine-scale tracking, and large-scale modeling reveal the regional distribution of four seabird species. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 27:2074-2091. [PMID: 28653410 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Population-level estimates of species' distributions can reveal fundamental ecological processes and facilitate conservation. However, these may be difficult to obtain for mobile species, especially colonial central-place foragers (CCPFs; e.g., bats, corvids, social insects), because it is often impractical to determine the provenance of individuals observed beyond breeding sites. Moreover, some CCPFs, especially in the marine realm (e.g., pinnipeds, turtles, and seabirds) are difficult to observe because they range tens to ten thousands of kilometers from their colonies. It is hypothesized that the distribution of CCPFs depends largely on habitat availability and intraspecific competition. Modeling these effects may therefore allow distributions to be estimated from samples of individual spatial usage. Such data can be obtained for an increasing number of species using tracking technology. However, techniques for estimating population-level distributions using the telemetry data are poorly developed. This is of concern because many marine CCPFs, such as seabirds, are threatened by anthropogenic activities. Here, we aim to estimate the distribution at sea of four seabird species, foraging from approximately 5,500 breeding sites in Britain and Ireland. To do so, we GPS-tracked a sample of 230 European Shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis, 464 Black-legged Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla, 178 Common Murres Uria aalge, and 281 Razorbills Alca torda from 13, 20, 12, and 14 colonies, respectively. Using Poisson point process habitat use models, we show that distribution at sea is dependent on (1) density-dependent competition among sympatric conspecifics (all species) and parapatric conspecifics (Kittiwakes and Murres); (2) habitat accessibility and coastal geometry, such that birds travel further from colonies with limited access to the sea; and (3) regional habitat availability. Using these models, we predict space use by birds from unobserved colonies and thereby map the distribution at sea of each species at both the colony and regional level. Space use by all four species' British breeding populations is concentrated in the coastal waters of Scotland, highlighting the need for robust conservation measures in this area. The techniques we present are applicable to any CCPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan D Wakefield
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, SG19 2DL, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ellie Owen
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, RSPB Scotland, Etive House, Beechwood Park, Inverness, IV2 3BW, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Baer
- BirdWatch Ireland, 20D Bullford Business Campus, Kilcoole, County Wicklow, Ireland
| | - Matthew J Carroll
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, SG19 2DL, United Kingdom
| | - Francis Daunt
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen G Dodd
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, SG19 2DL, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan A Green
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Nicholson Building, Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GP, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Guilford
- Oxford Navigation Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, United Kingdom
| | - Roddy A Mavor
- Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Inverdee House, Baxter Street, Aberdeen, AB11 9QA, United Kingdom
| | - Peter I Miller
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Newell
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen F Newton
- BirdWatch Ireland, 20D Bullford Business Campus, Kilcoole, County Wicklow, Ireland
| | - Gail S Robertson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Akiko Shoji
- Oxford Navigation Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, United Kingdom
| | - Louise M Soanes
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Nicholson Building, Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GP, United Kingdom
- Life Sciences Department, University of Roehampton, Whitelands College, London, SW15 4JD, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen C Votier
- Environment & Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Falmouth, TR10 9EZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Wanless
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Bolton
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, SG19 2DL, United Kingdom
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