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Yonesi A, Tomihara K, Takatsuka D, Tachinami H, Yamazaki M, Jadidi ARY, Takaichi M, Imaue S, Fujiwara K, Yamada SI, Tanuma JI, Noguchi M. Rapamycin Induces Phenotypic Alterations in Oral Cancer Cells That May Facilitate Antitumor T Cell Responses. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1078. [PMID: 38791040 PMCID: PMC11117524 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated the antitumor immunomodulatory effects of rapamycin in oral cancer. STUDY DESIGN We examined the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of cancer cells and investigated the cell surface expression levels of immune accessory molecules and T cell immune responses in vitro. We investigated the effect of in vivo administration of rapamycin on immune cell distribution and T cell immune responses in oral tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS Rapamycin treatment significantly inhibited OSCC cell proliferation and migration, increased apoptotic cell death, and upregulated cell surface expression of several immune accessory and adhesion molecules, including CD40, CD83, PD-L1, PD-L2, MHC class I, P-selectin, and VCAM-1. These cancer cells augmented T cell proliferation. In vivo rapamycin administration significantly attenuated mouse tumor growth with an increased proportion of immune cells, including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and dendritic cells (DCs); decreased the proportion of immune suppressive cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells; enhanced DC maturation and upregulated the surface expression of CD40, CD86, and ICAM-1. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the therapeutic effect of mTOR inhibition in oral cancer can cause direct antitumor and immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirmoezz Yonesi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan (A.R.Y.J.); (M.N.)
| | - Kei Tomihara
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Danki Takatsuka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan (A.R.Y.J.); (M.N.)
| | - Hidetake Tachinami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan (A.R.Y.J.); (M.N.)
| | - Manabu Yamazaki
- Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan (J.-I.T.)
| | - Amir Reza Younesi Jadidi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan (A.R.Y.J.); (M.N.)
| | - Mayu Takaichi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan (A.R.Y.J.); (M.N.)
| | - Shuichi Imaue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan (A.R.Y.J.); (M.N.)
| | - Kumiko Fujiwara
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan;
| | - Shin-Ichi Yamada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan (A.R.Y.J.); (M.N.)
| | - Jun-Ichi Tanuma
- Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan (J.-I.T.)
| | - Makoto Noguchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan (A.R.Y.J.); (M.N.)
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Pham HL, Hoang TX, Kim JY. Human Regulatory Macrophages Derived from THP-1 Cells Using Arginylglycylaspartic Acid and Vitamin D3. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1740. [PMID: 37371835 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory macrophages (Mregs) are unique in that they have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Thus, treating inflammatory diseases using Mregs is an area of active research. Human Mregs are usually generated by culturing peripheral blood monocytes stimulated using a macrophage colony-stimulating factor with interferon (IFN)-γ. Herein, we generated Mregs with an elongated cell morphology from THP-1 cells that were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and cultured with both arginylglycylaspartic acid and vitamin D3. These Mregs regulated macrophage function, and respectively downregulated and upregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive mediators. They also expressed Mregs-specific markers, such as dehydrogenase/reductase 9, even when exposed to such inflammatory stimulants as IFN-γ, lipopolysaccharide, purified xenogeneic antigen, and xenogeneic cells. The Mregs also exerted anti-inflammatory and anticoagulatory actions in response to xenogeneic cells, as well as exerting immunosuppressive effects on mitogen-induced Jurkat T-cell proliferation. Our method of generating functional Mregs in vitro without cytokines is simple and cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Lan Pham
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Xoan Hoang
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
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Sipka A, Weichhart T, Mann S. Pharmacological inhibition of the mTOR pathway alters phenotype and cytokine expression in bovine monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 249:110441. [PMID: 35597229 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have long demonstrated the association of nutrient status and immune dysfunction in dairy cows. Postpartum dairy cows experiencing a nutrient deficit show a propensity for increased inflammatory response, decreased pathogen clearance, and increased incidence of infectious disease. Studies in cows and other species show that the nutrient sensing mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway could be one potential causal pathway connecting the deficit in nutrient availability and the heightened inflammatory response. Our objective was to investigate the effects of pharmacological mTOR pathway inhibition on phenotype and cytokine expression of bovine monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDC). We differentiated CD14+ monocytes from dairy cows (n = 14) into moDC in the presence or absence of first- or second-generation mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and PP242 (both 100 nM), respectively. On day seven cells were matured with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 ng/mL) or left unstimulated to represent naïve moDC. Surface expression of CD14, CD40, CD80, and MHCII was measured via flow cytometry. We measured mRNA expression of IL10, IL12A, IL12B, and TNFα by rt-qPCR, and protein concentrations of IL-10 and TFN-α in cell culture supernatants with a bead-based multiplex assay. Cultures from ten cows successfully developed the moDC phenotype in culture without inhibitors, defined as increased surface expression of CD40, CD80, and MHCII compared with naïve moDC. Only data from these cows were considered for the results on effects of mTOR inhibitors. In naïve and mature moDC mTOR inhibition increased MHCII expression compared to controls. In mature moDC, in addition to MHCII, CD80 expression was increased compared with untreated LPS-stimulated controls. Expression of IL12A mRNA was upregulated in mature, mTOR inhibited moDC compared with untreated controls. In cell culture supernatants mTOR inhibition reduced IL-10 and increased TNF-α concentrations in naïve and mature moDCs compared with untreated controls. Overall rapamycin had a more consistent effect on altering phenotype and cytokine expression of moDC than PP242. In summary we observed an increased expression of co-stimulatory molecules and antigen presentation potential in mature moDC differentiated under mTOR inhibition, and a cytokine pattern that would potentially favor a Th1 type response. This study provides novel data indicating a role for mTOR signaling in bovine moDC phenotype and mediator profile. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the role of the mTOR pathway in shaping the bovine immune response and may help to provide mechanistic insight and opportunities for modulation of the immune response during the nutrient deficit of early lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Sipka
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Mann
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Machcińska M, Kotur M, Jankowska A, Maruszewska-Cheruiyot M, Łaski A, Kotkowska Z, Bocian K, Korczak-Kowalska G. Cyclosporine A, in Contrast to Rapamycin, Affects the Ability of Dendritic Cells to Induce Immune Tolerance Mechanisms. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69:27. [PMID: 34632525 PMCID: PMC8502748 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Following organ transplantation, it is essential that immune tolerance is induced in the graft recipient to reduce the risk of rejection and avoid complications associated with the long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs. Immature dendritic cells (DCs) are considered to promote transplant tolerance and may minimize the risk of graft rejection. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of immunosuppressive agents: rapamycin (Rapa) and cyclosporine A (CsA) on generation of human tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) and also to evaluate the ability of these cells to induce mechanisms of immune tolerance. tolDCs were generated in the environment of Rapa or CsA. Next, we evaluated the effects of these agents on surface phenotypes (CD11c, MHC II, CD40, CD80, CD83, CD86, CCR7, TLR2, TLR4), cytokine production (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, TGF-β), phagocytic capacity and resistant to lipopolysaccharide activation of these DCs. Moreover, we assessed ability of such tolDCs to induce T cell activation and apoptosis, Treg differentiation and production of Th1- and Th2-characteristic cytokine profile. Data obtained in this study demonstrate that rapamycin is effective at generating maturation-resistant tolDCs, however, does not change the ability of these cells to induce mechanisms of immune tolerance. In contrast, CsA affects the ability of these cells to induce mechanisms of immune tolerance, but is not efficient at generating maturation-resistant tolDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Machcińska
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. .,Present address: Laboratory of Parasitology, General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Kotur
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Jankowska
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Maruszewska-Cheruiyot
- Laboratory of Parasitology, General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Łaski
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Kotkowska
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bocian
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Korczak-Kowalska
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Modulation of the mTOR pathway plays a central role in dendritic cell functions after Echinococcus granulosus antigen recognition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17238. [PMID: 34446757 PMCID: PMC8390662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96435-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune evasion is a hallmark of persistent echinococcal infection, comprising modulation of innate immune cells and antigen-specific T cell responses. However, recognition of Echinococcus granulosus by dendritic cells (DCs) is a key determinant of the host's response to this parasite. Given that mTOR signaling pathway has been described as a regulator linking metabolism and immune function in DCs, we reported for the first time in these cells, global translation levels, antigen uptake, phenotype, cytokine transcriptional levels, and splenocyte priming activity upon recognition of the hydatid fluid (HF) and the highly glycosylated laminar layer (LL). We found that LL induced a slight up-regulation of CD86 and MHC II in DCs and also stimulated the production of IL-6 and TNF-α. By contrast, HF did not increase the expression of any co-stimulatory molecules, but also down-modulated CD40 and stimulated the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Both parasitic antigens promoted protein synthesis through mTOR activation. The use of rapamycin decreased the expression of the cytokines tested, empowered the down-modulation of CD40 and also reduced splenocyte proliferation. Finally, we showed that E. granulosus antigens increase the amounts of LC3-positive structures in DCs which play critical roles in the presentation of these antigens to T cells.
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Merkley SD, Goodfellow SM, Guo Y, Wilton ZER, Byrum JR, Schwalm KC, Dinwiddie DL, Gullapalli RR, Deretic V, Jimenez Hernandez A, Bradfute SB, In JG, Castillo EF. Non-autophagy Role of Atg5 and NBR1 in Unconventional Secretion of IL-12 Prevents Gut Dysbiosis and Inflammation. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 16:259-274. [PMID: 34374750 PMCID: PMC8864635 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal myeloid cells play a critical role in balancing intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. Here, we report that expression of the autophagy-related 5 [Atg5] protein in myeloid cells prevents dysbiosis and excessive intestinal inflammation by limiting IL-12 production. Mice with a selective genetic deletion of Atg5 in myeloid cells [Atg5ΔMye] showed signs of dysbiosis preceding colitis, and exhibited severe intestinal inflammation upon colitis induction that was characterised by increased IFNγ production. The exacerbated colitis was linked to excess IL-12 secretion from Atg5-deficient myeloid cells and gut dysbiosis. Restoration of the intestinal microbiota or genetic deletion of IL-12 in Atg5ΔMye mice attenuated the intestinal inflammation in Atg5ΔMye mice. Additionally, Atg5 functions to limit IL-12 secretion through modulation of late endosome [LE] acidity. Last, the autophagy cargo receptor NBR1, which accumulates in Atg5-deficient cells, played a role by delivering IL-12 to LE. In summary, Atg5 expression in intestinal myeloid cells acts as an anti-inflammatory brake to regulate IL-12, thus preventing dysbiosis and uncontrolled IFNγ-driven intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D Merkley
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Samuel M Goodfellow
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Zoe E R Wilton
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Janie R Byrum
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kurt C Schwalm
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Darrell L Dinwiddie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA,Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rama R Gullapalli
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Vojo Deretic
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA,Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Anthony Jimenez Hernandez
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Steven B Bradfute
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Julie G In
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eliseo F Castillo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA,Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA,Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA,Corresponding author: Eliseo F. Castillo, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, MSC 10 550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
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Rapamycin Alternatively Modifies Mitochondrial Dynamics in Dendritic Cells to Reduce Kidney Ischemic Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105386. [PMID: 34065421 PMCID: PMC8160749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are unique immune cells that can link innate and adaptive immune responses and Immunometabolism greatly impacts their phenotype. Rapamycin is a macrolide compound that has immunosuppressant functions and is used to prevent graft loss in kidney transplantation. The current study evaluated the therapeutic potential of ex-vivo rapamycin treated DCs to protect kidneys in a mouse model of acute kidney injury (AKI). For the rapamycin single (S) treatment (Rapa-S-DC), Veh-DCs were treated with rapamycin (10 ng/mL) for 1 h before LPS. In contrast, rapamycin multiple (M) treatment (Rapa-M-DC) were exposed to 3 treatments over 7 days. Only multiple ex-vivo rapamycin treatments of DCs induced a persistent reprogramming of mitochondrial metabolism. These DCs had 18-fold more mitochondria, had almost 4-fold higher oxygen consumption rates, and produced more ATP compared to Veh-DCs (Veh treated control DCs). Pathway analysis showed IL10 signaling as a major contributing pathway to the altered immunophenotype after Rapamycin treatment compared to vehicle with significantly lower cytokines Tnfa, Il1b, and Il6, while regulators of mitochondrial content Pgc1a, Tfam, and Ho1 remained elevated. Critically, adoptive transfer of rapamycin-treated DCs to WT recipients 24 h before bilateral kidney ischemia significantly protected the kidneys from injury with a significant 3-fold improvement in kidney function. Last, the infusion of DCs containing higher mitochondria numbers (treated ex-vivo with healthy isolated mitochondria (10 µg/mL) one day before) also partially protected the kidneys from IRI. These studies demonstrate that pre-emptive infusion of ex-vivo reprogrammed DCs that have higher mitochondria content has therapeutic capacity to induce an anti-inflammatory regulatory phenotype to protect kidneys from injury.
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Modulatory effect of rapamycin and tacrolimus on monocyte-derived dendritic cells phenotype and function. Immunobiology 2020; 226:152031. [PMID: 33278711 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.152031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosuppressive-drugs are needed after solid organ transplantation to prevent allograft rejection but induce severe side effects. Understanding the alloimmune response is critical to modulate it and to achieve graft operational tolerance. The role of regulatory T cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells (Tol-DCs) is undoubtedly essential in tolerance induction. Tacrolimus is considered as the cornerstone of immunosuppression in solid organ transplantation. mTOR inhibitor such as rapamycin are thought to induce tolerance and are used as anticancer drugs in several cancers. The aim of this study was to better understand the effect of these immunosuppressive drugs on the differentiation, maturation and function of human monocyte derived dendritic cells (DCs). MATERIAL AND METHODS DCs were differentiated from monocytes of healthy donors with either rapamycin (Rapa-DCs) or tacrolimus (Tac-DCs). The phenotype was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. The production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines was assessed by ELISA. The mRNA expression level of IDO and PD-L1 was assessed by RTqPCR. Mixed leukocytes reactions were performed to analyse suppressive activity of DCs. RESULTS Rapa-DC were characterised by a lower expression of the co-stimulatory molecules and CD83 than control-DCs (CTR-DC) (p < 0.05). In contrast, tacrolimus had no effect on the expression of surface markers compared to CTR-DCs. Rapamycin reduced both IL-12 and IL-10 secretions (p < 0.05). Rapa-DCs had a suppressive effect on CD4+ allogenic T cells compared to CTR-DCs (p < 0.05). However, neither Rapa-DCs nor Tac-DCs favoured the emergence of a CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ population compared to CTR-DCs. Surprisingly, Rapa-DCs had a reduced expression of IDO and PD-L1 compared to Tac-DCs and CTR-DCs. CONCLUSION Rapa-DCs exhibit an incomplete phenotypic tolerogenic profile. To our knowledge this is the first paper showing a reduction of expression of pro-tolerogenic enzyme IDO in DCs. Tacrolimus does not change the phenotypical or functional characteristics of moDCs.
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Zaza G, Leventhal J, Signorini L, Gambaro G, Cravedi P. Effects of Antirejection Drugs on Innate Immune Cells After Kidney Transplantation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2978. [PMID: 31921213 PMCID: PMC6930910 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, our understanding of adaptive immune responses to solid organ transplantation increased considerably and allowed development of immunosuppressive drugs targeting key alloreactive T cells mechanism. As a result, rates of acute rejection dropped and short-term graft survival improved significantly. However, long-term outcomes are still disappointing. Recently, increasing evidence supports that innate immune responses plays roles in allograft rejection and represents a valuable target to further improve long-term allograft survival. Innate immune cells are activated by molecules with stereotypical motifs produced during injury (i.e., damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMPS) or infection (i.e., pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs). Activated innate immune cells can exert direct pro- and anti-inflammatory effects, while also priming adaptive immune responses. These cells are activated after transplantation by multiple stimuli, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, rejection, and infections. Data from animal models of graft rejection, show that inhibition of innate immunity promotes development of tolerance. Therefore, understanding mechanisms of innate immunity is important to improve graft outcomes. This review discusses effects of currently used immunosuppressive agents on innate immune responses in kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Zaza
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jeremy Leventhal
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lorenzo Signorini
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gambaro
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Pontrelli P, Rascio F, Zaza G, Accetturo M, Simone S, Infante B, Furian L, Castellano G, Ditonno P, Battaglia M, Cormio L, Carrieri G, Lupo A, Rigotti P, Gesualdo L, Stallone G, Grandaliano G. Interleukin-27 is a potential marker for the onset of post-transplant malignancies. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 34:157-166. [PMID: 30059989 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignancies represent the third leading cause of post-transplant mortality worldwide. The main challenge for transplant physicians is a timely diagnosis of this condition. The aim of the study was to identify a soluble diagnostic marker for monitoring the development of post-transplant malignancies. Methods This is a multicentre, observational, perspective, case-control study. We enrolled 47 patients with post-transplant solid neoplasia. As a control group we employed 106 transplant recipients without a history of neoplasia and matched them with cases for the main demographic and clinical features. We investigated the transcriptomic profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from kidney graft recipients with and without post-transplant malignancies enrolled in two of the participating centres, randomly selected from the whole study population. Microarray results were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the remaining patients from the same transplant centres and validated in a further independent group enrolled in two different transplant centres. Results We identified 535 differentially expressed genes comparing patients with and without post-transplant malignancies (fold change ≥2.5; false discovery rate <5%). The cancer pathway was closely related to gene expression data, and one of the most down-regulated genes in this pathway was interleukin-27 (IL-27), a cytokine regulating anti-tumour immunity. Quantitative PCR and ELISA confirmed the microarray data. Interestingly, IL-27 plasma levels were able to discriminate patients with post-transplant neoplasia with a specificity of 80% and a sensitivity of 81%. This observation was confirmed in an independent set of patients from two different transplant centres. Conclusions Our data suggest that IL-27 may represent a potential immunological marker for the timely identification of post-transplant neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pontrelli
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Rascio
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zaza
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Accetturo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Simone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Barbara Infante
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Furian
- Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ditonno
- Andrology, Urology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Battaglia
- Andrology, Urology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Cormio
- Urology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrieri
- Urology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Lupo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Rigotti
- Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grandaliano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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11
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Marin E, Bouchet-Delbos L, Renoult O, Louvet C, Nerriere-Daguin V, Managh AJ, Even A, Giraud M, Vu Manh TP, Aguesse A, Bériou G, Chiffoleau E, Alliot-Licht B, Prieur X, Croyal M, Hutchinson JA, Obermajer N, Geissler EK, Vanhove B, Blancho G, Dalod M, Josien R, Pecqueur C, Cuturi MC, Moreau A. Human Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Regulate Immune Responses through Lactate Synthesis. Cell Metab 2019; 30:1075-1090.e8. [PMID: 31801055 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy is a promising strategy for treating patients suffering from autoimmune or inflammatory diseases or receiving a transplant. Based on our preclinical studies, we have generated human autologous tolerogenic dendritic cells (ATDCs), which are being tested in a first-in-man clinical trial in kidney transplant recipients. Here, we report that ATDCs represent a unique subset of monocyte-derived cells based on phenotypic, transcriptomic, and metabolic analyses. ATDCs are characterized by their suppression of T cell proliferation and their expansion of Tregs through secreted factors. ATDCs produce high levels of lactate that shape T cell responses toward tolerance. Indeed, T cells take up ATDC-secreted lactate, leading to a decrease of their glycolysis. In vivo, ATDCs promote elevated levels of circulating lactate and delay graft-versus-host disease by reducing T cell proliferative capacity. The suppression of T cell immunity through lactate production by ATDCs is a novel mechanism that distinguishes ATDCs from other cell-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eros Marin
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Laurence Bouchet-Delbos
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Ophélie Renoult
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers UMR1232, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Cédric Louvet
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Véronique Nerriere-Daguin
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Amy J Managh
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Amandine Even
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Matthieu Giraud
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Thien Phong Vu Manh
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Audrey Aguesse
- UMR 1280 PhAN, Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, INRA, CRNHO, West Human Nutrition Research Center, Nantes, France
| | - Gaelle Bériou
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Elise Chiffoleau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Brigitte Alliot-Licht
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France; Faculté d'Odontologie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Xavier Prieur
- Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Mikael Croyal
- UMR 1280 PhAN, Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, INRA, CRNHO, West Human Nutrition Research Center, Nantes, France
| | - James A Hutchinson
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Natasa Obermajer
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edward K Geissler
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernard Vanhove
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Gilles Blancho
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Marc Dalod
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Régis Josien
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France; Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Claire Pecqueur
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers UMR1232, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Maria-Cristina Cuturi
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Aurélie Moreau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France.
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12
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Yao G, Qi J, Liang J, Shi B, Chen W, Li W, Tang X, Wang D, Lu L, Chen W, Shi S, Hou Y, Sun L. Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation alleviates experimental Sjögren's syndrome through IFN-β/IL-27 signaling axis. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:8253-8265. [PMID: 31754394 PMCID: PMC6857067 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Although mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has been proved to be an effective therapeutic approach to treat experimental Sjögren's syndrome (SS), the detailed underlying mechanisms remains unknown. IL-27 has diverse influences on the regulation of T cell differentiation and was involved in SS through modulating immune response. Here we aimed to explore whether IL-27-mediated regulation of immune cells was responsible for the beneficial effects of MSC transplantation on SS. Methods: The SS-like symptoms were evaluated in IL-27 deficient and recombinant IL-27-treated NOD mice. The MSCs were infused into NOD mice via the tail vein. The histological features of submandibular glands, saliva flow rate and serum IL-27 were examined. The effects of MSCs on the IL-27 production and Th17/Treg cell in SS patients and mice in vitro and in vivo were determined for the mechanistic study. Results: This study showed that SS patients had decreased IL-27 level and increased ratio of Th17/Treg cells. Consistently, exacerbated SS-like symptoms were observed in IL-27 deficient NOD mice, along with increased ratio of Th17/Treg cells. Importantly, MSC transplantation alleviated SS-like symptoms by elevating the level of IL-27 to restore Th17/Treg balance in NOD mice. Mechanistically, MSC-secreted interferon-β (IFN-β) promote dendritic cells to produce IL-27. Conclusions: Thus, we have revealed a previously unrecognized function of MSC-mediated IL-27 production by DCs in suppressing SS-like syndrome, which provided evidences for clinical application of MSC in patients with SS.
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Patente TA, Pelgrom LR, Everts B. Dendritic cells are what they eat: how their metabolism shapes T helper cell polarization. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 58:16-23. [PMID: 30875606 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that play a crucial role in the priming and differentiation of CD4+ T cells into several distinct subsets including effector T helper (Th) 1, Th17 and Th2 cells, as well as regulatory T cells (Tregs). It is becoming increasingly clear that cellular metabolism shapes the functional properties of DCs. Specifically, the ability of DCs to drive polarization of different Th cell subsets may be orchestrated by the engagement of distinct metabolic pathways. In this review, we will discuss the recent advances in the DC metabolism field, by focusing on how cellular metabolism of DCs shapes their priming and polarization of distinct Th cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago A Patente
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonard R Pelgrom
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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14
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Mann S, Sipka A, Leal Yepes F, Nydam D, Overton T, Wakshlag J. Nutrient-sensing kinase signaling in bovine immune cells is altered during the postpartum nutrient deficit: A possible role in transition cow inflammatory response. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:9360-9370. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Zhou WJ, Chang KK, Wu K, Yang HL, Mei J, Xie F, Li DJ, Li MQ. Rapamycin Synergizes with Cisplatin in Antiendometrial Cancer Activation by Improving IL-27-Stimulated Cytotoxicity of NK Cells. Neoplasia 2017; 20:69-79. [PMID: 29195127 PMCID: PMC5724748 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell function is critical for controlling initial tumor growth and determining chemosensitivity of the tumor. A synergistic relationship between rapamycin and cisplatin in uterine endometrial cancer (UEC) in vitro has been reported, but the mechanism and the combined therapeutic strategy for endometrial cancer (EC) are still unknown. We found a positive correlation between the level of IL-27 and the differentiated stage of UEC. The increase of IL-27 in uterine endometrial cancer cell (UECC) lines (Ishikawa, RL95-2 and KLE) led to a high cytotoxic activity of NK cells to UECC in the co-culture system. Exposure with rapamycin enhanced the cytotoxicity of NK cells by upregulating the expression of IL-27 in UECC and IL-27 receptors (IL-27Rs: WSX-1 and gp130) on NK cells and further restricted the growth of UEC in Ishikawa-xenografted nude mice. In addition, treatment with rapamycin resulted in an increased autophagy level of UECC, and IL-27 enhanced this ability of rapamycin. Cisplatin-mediated NK cells' cytotoxic activity and anti-UEC activation were independent of IL-27; however, the combination of rapamycin and cisplatin led to a higher cytotoxic activity of NK cells, smaller UEC volume and longer survival rate in vivo. These results suggest that rapamycin and cisplatin synergistically activate the cytotoxicity of NK cells and inhibit the progression of UEC in both an IL-27–dependent and –independent manner. This provides a scientific basis for potential rapamycin-cisplatin combined therapeutic strategies targeted to UEC, especially for the patients with low differentiated stage or abnormally low level of IL-27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Zhou
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Kai Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China; Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Wu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Li Yang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Mei
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medicine School, Nanjing, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xie
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China; Medical Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Cervical Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Da-Jin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Background The human regulatory macrophage (Mreg) has emerged as a promising cell type for use as a cell-based adjunct immunosuppressive therapy in solid organ transplant recipients. In this brief report, dehydrogenase/reductase 9 (DHRS9) is identified as a robust marker of human Mregs. Methods The cognate antigen of a mouse monoclonal antibody raised against human Mregs was identified as DHRS9 by immunoprecipitation and MALDI-MS sequencing. Expression of DHRS9 within a panel of monocyte-derived macrophages was investigated by quantitative PCR, immunoblotting and flow cytometry. Results DHRS9 expression discriminated human Mregs from a panel of in vitro derived macrophages in other polarisation states. Likewise, DHRS9 expression distinguished Mregs from a variety of human monocyte-derived tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells in current development as cell-based immunotherapies, including Tol-DC, Rapa-DC, DC-10, and PGE2-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cells. A subpopulation of DHRS9-expressing human splenic macrophages was identified by immunohistochemistry. Expression of DHRS9 was acquired gradually during in vitro development of human Mregs from CD14+ monocytes and was further enhanced by IFN-γ treatment on day 6 of culture. Stimulating Mregs with 100 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide for 24 hours did not extinguish DHRS9 expression. Dhrs9 was not an informative marker of mouse Mregs. Conclusion DHRS9 is a specific and stable marker of human Mregs. A brief definitive report that dehydrogenase/reductase 9 (DHRS9) is a robust marker of human, but not mouse, Mregs.
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18
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High PD-L1/CD86 MFI ratio and IL-10 secretion characterize human regulatory dendritic cells generated for clinical testing in organ transplantation. Cell Immunol 2017; 323:9-18. [PMID: 29217299 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human regulatory dendritic cells (DCreg) were generated from CD14 immunobead-purified or elutriated monocytes in the presence of vitamin D3 and IL-10. They exhibited similar, low levels of costimulatory CD80 and CD86, but comparatively high levels of co-inhibitory programed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and IL-10 production compared to control immature DC (iDC). Following Toll-like receptor 4 ligation, unlike control iDC, DCreg resisted phenotypic and functional maturation and further upregulated PD-L1:CD86 expression. Whereas LPS-stimulated control iDC (mature DC; matDC) secreted pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor but no IL-10, the converse was observed for LPS-stimulated DCreg. DCreg weakly stimulated naïve and memory allogeneic CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation and IFNγ, IL-17A and perforin/granzyme B production in MLR. Their stimulatory function was enhanced however, by blocking PD-1 ligation. High-throughput T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing revealed that, among circulating T cell subsets, memory CD8+ T cells contained the most alloreactive TCR clonotypes and that, while matDC expanded these alloreactive memory CD8 TCR clonotypes, DCreg induced more attenuated responses. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of generating highly-purified GMP-grade DCreg for systemic infusion, their influence on the alloreactive T cell response, and a key mechanistic role of the PD1 pathway.
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19
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Lawless SJ, Kedia-Mehta N, Walls JF, McGarrigle R, Convery O, Sinclair LV, Navarro MN, Murray J, Finlay DK. Glucose represses dendritic cell-induced T cell responses. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15620. [PMID: 28555668 PMCID: PMC5459989 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose and glycolysis are important for the proinflammatory functions of many immune cells, and depletion of glucose in pathological microenvironments is associated with defective immune responses. Here we show a contrasting function for glucose in dendritic cells (DCs), as glucose represses the proinflammatory output of LPS-stimulated DCs and inhibits DC-induced T-cell responses. A glucose-sensitive signal transduction circuit involving the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), HIF1α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) coordinates DC metabolism and function to limit DC-stimulated T-cell responses. When multiple T cells interact with a DC, they compete for nutrients, which can limit glucose availability to the DCs. In such DCs, glucose-dependent signalling is inhibited, altering DC outputs and enhancing T-cell responses. These data reveal a mechanism by which T cells regulate the DC microenvironment to control DC-induced T-cell responses and indicate that glucose is an important signal for shaping immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Lawless
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearce Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Nidhi Kedia-Mehta
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearce Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jessica F Walls
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearce Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ryan McGarrigle
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearce Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Orla Convery
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearce Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Linda V Sinclair
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Maria N Navarro
- Departamento Medicina/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria/Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/Diego de Léon, 62, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - James Murray
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearce Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - David K Finlay
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearce Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearce Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
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20
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Moreau A, Alliot-Licht B, Cuturi MC, Blancho G. Tolerogenic dendritic cell therapy in organ transplantation. Transpl Int 2016; 30:754-764. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Moreau
- INSERM UMR1064; Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology; Nantes France
- CHU de Nantes; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie (ITUN); Nantes France
- Université de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - Brigitte Alliot-Licht
- INSERM UMR1064; Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology; Nantes France
- CHU de Nantes; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie (ITUN); Nantes France
- Université de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - Maria-Cristina Cuturi
- INSERM UMR1064; Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology; Nantes France
- CHU de Nantes; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie (ITUN); Nantes France
- Université de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - Gilles Blancho
- INSERM UMR1064; Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology; Nantes France
- CHU de Nantes; Institut de Transplantation Urologie Nephrologie (ITUN); Nantes France
- Université de Nantes; Nantes France
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21
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Madelon N, Puga Yung GL, Seebach JD. Human anti-pig NK cell and CD8 + T-cell responses in the presence of regulatory dendritic cells. Xenotransplantation 2016; 23:479-489. [PMID: 27862343 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DC) play a major role in natural killer (NK) cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activation leading to cell-mediated xenogeneic responses. In contrast, the use of in vitro differentiated regulatory DC may represent an attractive approach to protect porcine endothelial cells (pEC) from human cell-mediated immune responses. In this study, we evaluated the potential of human regulatory DC to reduce xenogeneic NK cell and CTL responses to pEC. METHODS Human monocytes were differentiated into DC with GM-CSF and IL-4 in the absence or presence of rapamycin or IL-10. The effect of regulatory DC on xenogeneic NK cell and CTL responses was evaluated by analyzing phenotype, IFNγ production, degranulation, and cytotoxicity by flow cytometry and cytotoxicity assays. RESULTS Upon maturation with LPS, Rapa-DC and IL-10-DC displayed different phenotypes and cytokine production profiles. In contrast to untreated DC, both Rapa-DC and IL-10-DC induced significantly less IFNγ production and NK cell degranulation in response to pEC, but did not affect NK cell-mediated pEC lysis. Low production of IL-18 by Rapa-DC, and of IL-12 by IL-10-DC were linked to the deficient IFNγ production by NK cells as shown by partial reversion of IFNγ production upon cytokine reconstitution. In contrast to untreated DC efficiently generating xenoantigen-specific CTL, priming of CTL in the presence of IL-10-DC was impaired as shown by lower IFNγ production and cytotoxicity of CTL in response to pEC. CONCLUSION Both Rapa-DC and IL-10-DC controlled human anti-porcine NK cell responses, in particular IFNγ production, whereas IL-10-DC presented stronger regulatory properties of anti-porcine CTL responses. These in vitro findings indicate that regulatory DC could be a useful tool to promote xenograft tolerance in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Madelon
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, Division of Immunology and Allergology, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospitals and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gisella L Puga Yung
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, Division of Immunology and Allergology, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospitals and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jörg D Seebach
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, Division of Immunology and Allergology, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospitals and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
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Sukhbaatar N, Hengstschläger M, Weichhart T. mTOR-Mediated Regulation of Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Function. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:778-789. [PMID: 27614799 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential antigen-presenting cells that sample the extra- and intracellular milieu to process antigens for the instruction of T cell responses. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) network senses environmental cues and is important for numerous cellular processes. This review discusses how DCs use mTOR complexes (mTORC1 and 2) to adapt their cellular metabolism, transcriptional responses, and translation machinery to control DC development, antigen processing, cytokine production, and T cell stimulation. We present a spatiotemporal model suggesting that the mTOR network integrates pattern recognition and growth factor receptor activation with nutritional information from the cell and surrounding tissue to support T cell stimulation and tolerance. mTOR develops into a central player that regulates DC differentiation and immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyamdelger Sukhbaatar
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Medical Genetics, Währingerstrasse 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Hengstschläger
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Medical Genetics, Währingerstrasse 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Medical Genetics, Währingerstrasse 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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23
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Pawlick RL, Wink J, Pepper AR, Bruni A, Abualhassen N, Rafiei Y, Gala-Lopez B, Bral M, Shapiro AJ. Reparixin, a CXCR1/2 inhibitor in islet allotransplantation. Islets 2016; 8:115-24. [PMID: 27328412 PMCID: PMC5029202 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2016.1199303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quality of life in Type 1 diabetic patients may be improved with islet transplantation, but lifelong immunosuppression is required to prevent rejection. Allo-immune response is a key player in graft dysfunction and although the adaptive immune response is well characterized, the effect of the innate immune reaction after transplantation is only recently becoming appreciated. In this study, we address how the innate response affects long-term outcomes in a murine islet allotransplant model. CTLA-4 Ig treatment is known to significantly prolong kidney subcapsular islet allograft survival and enhance glucose tolerance. The combination of CTLA-4 Ig with reparixin, which blocks against inflammatory neutrophil infiltration, yielded no long-term graft survival in an intrahepatic allotransplant model but had similar long-term graft survival in the kidney subcapsular model. Seven days after transplant, serum blood IFN-γ levels were significantly lower in the CTLA-4 Ig with reparixin treatment group compared to controls. IL-12p70 cytokine levels were increased with combination treatment, a positive modulation of the inflammatory response to the allograft. Furthermore, KC GRO, also known as CXCL1, was decreased in serum 7 d after transplant. Histologically, we found that immune cell infiltrate, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations along with both CXCR1+ and CXCR2+ cell populations were decreased within the CTLA-4 Ig and reparixin islet transplant graft. Overall these data provide insight into the down regulation of T-cell recruitment by CTLA-4 Ig and decreased neutrophil activation and recruitment with reparixin after long-term islet graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena L. Pawlick
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John Wink
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew R. Pepper
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Antonio Bruni
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Yasmin Rafiei
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Boris Gala-Lopez
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mariusz Bral
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - A.M. James Shapiro
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- CONTACT: Dr. A.M. James Shapiro , Canada Research Chair in Transplantation Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, 2000 College Plaza, 8215 112th St., Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2C8
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24
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Campos-Acuña J, Pérez F, Narváez E, Campos-Mora M, Gajardo T, Catalán D, Aguillón JC, Pino-Lagos K. Rapamycin-conditioned dendritic cells activated with monophosphoryl lipid-A promote allograft acceptance in vivo. Immunotherapy 2015; 7:101-10. [PMID: 25713986 DOI: 10.2217/imt.14.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To date, there is no human dendritic cell (DC) based therapy to prevent allograft rejection in transplanted patients. Here, we evaluate a potential protocol using a murine in vivo transplant model. MATERIALS & METHODS We generated murine bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DCs), modulated with rapamycin (Rapa) and activated with monophosphoryl lipid A (Rapamycin-treated and monophosphoryl lipid A-matured DCs [Rapa-mDCs]). DCs phenotype was evaluated by flow cytometry, cytokine production by ELISA and their T-cell stimulatory ability was tested in co-cultures with CD4(+) T cells. Using an in vivo skin graft model, we evaluated DCs tolerogenicity. RESULTS In vitro, Rapa-mDCs exhibit a semi-mature phenotype given by intermediate levels of co-stimulatory molecules and cytokines, and inhibit CD4(+) T-cell proliferation. In vivo, skin-grafted mice treated with Rapa-mDCs show high allograft survival, accumulation of Foxp3(+) Tregs and cytokine pattern modification. CONCLUSION Rapa-mDCs re-educate the inflammatory microenvironment, promoting skin-allograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Campos-Acuña
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, 3er Piso, Pabellon I, Santiago 8380453, Chile
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25
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Abstract
The innate immune system is central for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and quickly responds to local or systemic perturbations by pathogenic or sterile insults. This rapid response must be metabolically supported to allow cell migration and proliferation and to enable efficient production of cytokines and lipid mediators. This Review focuses on the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in controlling and shaping the effector responses of innate immune cells. mTOR reconfigures cellular metabolism and regulates translation, cytokine responses, antigen presentation, macrophage polarization and cell migration. The mTOR network emerges as an integrative rheostat that couples cellular activation to the environmental and intracellular nutritional status to dictate and optimize the inflammatory response. A detailed understanding of how mTOR metabolically coordinates effector responses by myeloid cells will provide important insights into immunity in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weichhart
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Medical Genetics, Währingerstrasse 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Hengstschläger
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Medical Genetics, Währingerstrasse 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Linke
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Medical Genetics, Währingerstrasse 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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26
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MyD88-silenced dendritic cells induce T-cell hyporesponsiveness and promote Th2 polarization in vivo. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:1240-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Lisboa LF, Egli A, Fairbanks J, O'Shea D, Manuel O, Husain S, Kumar D, Humar A. CCL8 and the Immune Control of Cytomegalovirus in Organ Transplant Recipients. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:1882-92. [PMID: 25764912 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of cytomegalovirus cell-mediated immunity is a promising tool for the refinement of preventative and therapeutic strategies posttransplantation. Typically, the interferon-γ response to T cell stimulation is measured. We evaluated a broad range of cytokine and chemokines to better characterize the ex vivo host-response to CMV peptide stimulation. In a cohort of CMV viremic organ transplant recipients, chemokine expression-specifically CCL8 (AUC 0.849 95% CI 0.721-0.978; p = 0.003) and CXCL10 (AUC 0.841, 95% CI 0.707-0.974; p = 0.004)-was associated with control of viral replication. In a second cohort of transplant recipients at high-risk for CMV, the presence of a polymorphism in the CCL8 promoter conferred an increased risk of viral replication after discontinuation of antiviral prophylaxis (logrank hazard ratio 3.6; 95% CI 2.077-51.88). Using cell-sorting experiments, we determined that the primary cell type producing CCL8 in response to CMV peptide stimulation was the monocyte fraction. Finally, in vitro experiments using standard immunosuppressive agents demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in CCL8 production. Chemokines appear to be important elements of the cell-mediated response to CMV infection posttransplant, as here suggested for CCL8, and translation of this knowledge may allow for the tailoring and improvement of preventative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Lisboa
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - A Egli
- Infection Biology Lab, Department Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Fairbanks
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - D O'Shea
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - O Manuel
- Infectious Diseases Service and Transplantation Center, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Husain
- Department of Medicine and Multi-organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Kumar
- Department of Medicine and Multi-organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Humar
- Department of Medicine and Multi-organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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28
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McCarthy DP, Bryant J, Galvin JP, Miller SD, Luo X. Tempering allorecognition to induce transplant tolerance with chemically modified apoptotic donor cells. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:1475-83. [PMID: 25807873 PMCID: PMC4439351 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The development of organ transplantation as a therapy for end-stage organ failure is among the most significant achievements of 20th century medicine, but chronic rejection remains a barrier to achieving long-term success. Current therapeutic regimens consist of immunosuppressive drugs that are efficient at delaying rejection but are associated with significant risks such as opportunistic infections, toxicity, and malignancy. Thus, the induction of specific immune tolerance to transplant antigens is the coveted aim of researchers. The use of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (ECDI)-treated, autoantigen-coupled syngeneic leukocytes has been developed as a specific immunotherapy in preclinical models of autoimmunity and is currently in a phase II clinical trial for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. In this review, we discuss the use of allogeneic ECDI-treated apoptotic donor leukocytes (allo-ECDI-SP) as a strategy for inducing antigen-specific tolerance in allogeneic transplantation. Allo-ECDI-SP therapy induces long-term systemic immune tolerance to transplant antigens by subverting alloimmune recognition and exploiting apoptotic cell uptake pathways to recapitulate innate mechanisms of peripheral tolerance. Lastly, we discuss potential indications and challenges for transitioning allo-ECDI-SP therapy into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. P. McCarthy
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - J. Bryant
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - J. P. Galvin
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - S. D. Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - X. Luo
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
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29
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Raïch-Regué D, Rosborough BR, Watson AR, McGeachy MJ, Turnquist HR, Thomson AW. mTORC2 Deficiency in Myeloid Dendritic Cells Enhances Their Allogeneic Th1 and Th17 Stimulatory Ability after TLR4 Ligation In Vitro and In Vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4767-76. [PMID: 25840913 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key integrative kinase that functions in two independent complexes, mTOR complex (mTORC) 1 and mTORC2. In contrast to the well-defined role of mTORC1 in dendritic cells (DC), little is known about the function of mTORC2. In this study, to our knowledge, we demonstrate for the first time an enhanced ability of mTORC2-deficient myeloid DC to stimulate and polarize allogeneic T cells. We show that activated bone marrow-derived DC from conditional Rictor(-/-) mice exhibit lower coinhibitory B7-H1 molecule expression independently of the stimulus and enhanced IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12p70, and IL-23 production following TLR4 ligation. Accordingly, TLR4-activated Rictor(-/-) DC display augmented allogeneic T cell stimulatory ability, expanding IFN-γ(+) and IL-17(+), but not IL-10(+) or CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells in vitro. A similar DC profile was obtained by stimulating Dectin-1 (C-type lectin family member) on Rictor(-/-) DC. Using novel CD11c-specific Rictor(-/-) mice, we confirm the alloreactive Th1 and Th17 cell-polarizing ability of endogenous mTORC2-deficient DC after TLR4 ligation in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrate that proinflammatory cytokines produced by Rictor(-/-) DC after LPS stimulation are key in promoting Th1/Th17 responses. These data establish that mTORC2 activity restrains conventional DC proinflammatory capacity and their ability to polarize T cells following TLR and non-TLR stimulation. Our findings provide new insight into the role of mTORC2 in regulating DC function and may have implications for emerging therapeutic strategies that target mTOR in cancer, infectious diseases, and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dàlia Raïch-Regué
- Department of Surgery, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Brian R Rosborough
- Department of Surgery, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Alicia R Watson
- Department of Surgery, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Mandy J McGeachy
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Hēth R Turnquist
- Department of Surgery, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Angus W Thomson
- Department of Surgery, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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30
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Fantus D, Thomson AW. Evolving perspectives of mTOR complexes in immunity and transplantation. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:891-902. [PMID: 25737114 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of Rapamycin (RAPA) and its immunosuppressive properties, enormous progress has been made in characterizing the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Use of RAPA and its analogues (rapalogs) as anti-rejection agents has been accompanied by extensive investigation of how targeting of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), the principal target of RAPA, and more recently mTORC2, affects the function of immune cells, as well as vascular endothelial cells, that play crucial roles in regulation of allograft rejection. While considerable knowledge has accumulated on the function of mTORC1 and 2 in T cells, understanding of the differential roles of these complexes in antigen-presenting cells, NK cells and B cells/plasma cells is only beginning to emerge. Immune cell-specific targeting of mTORC1 or mTORC2, together with use of novel, second generation, dual mTORC kinase inhibitors (TORKinibs) have started to play an important role in elucidating the roles of these complexes and their potential for targeting in transplantation. Much remains unknown about the role of mTOR complexes and the consequences of mTOR targeting on immune reactivity in clinical transplantation. Here we address recent advances in understanding and evolving perspectives of the role of mTOR complexes and mTOR targeting in immunity, with extrapolation to transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fantus
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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31
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Langers I, Renoux V, Reschner A, Touzé A, Coursaget P, Boniver J, Koch J, Delvenne P, Jacobs N. Natural killer and dendritic cells collaborate in the immune response induced by the vaccine against uterine cervical cancer. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:3585-95. [PMID: 25229656 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) of human papillomavirus (HPV) are used as a vaccine against HPV-induced cancer, and recently we have shown that these VLPs are able to activate natural killer (NK) cells. Since NK cells collaborate with dendritic cells (DCs) to induce an immune response against viral infections and tumors, we studied the impact of this crosstalk in the context of HPV vaccination. NK cells in the presence of HPV-VLPs enhanced DC-maturation as shown by an upregulation of CD86 and HLA-DR and an increased production of IL-12p70, but not of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. This activation was bidirectional. Indeed, in the presence of HPV-VLPs, DCs further activated NK cells by inducing the upregulation of cell surface activation markers (CD69 and HLA-DR). The function of NK cells was also improved as shown by an increase in IFN-γ secretion and cytotoxic activity against an HPV(+) cell line. This crosstalk between NK cells and DCs needed CD40 interaction and IL-12p70 secretion, whereas NKG2D was not implicated. Our results provide insight into how VLPs interact with innate immune cells and how NK cells and DCs play a role in the immune response induced by this vaccine agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Langers
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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32
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Abstract
Regulatory myeloid cells (RMC) are emerging as novel targets for immunosuppressive (IS) agents and hold considerable promise as cellular therapeutic agents. Herein, we discuss the ability of regulatory macrophages, regulatory dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells to regulate alloimmunity, their potential as cellular therapeutic agents, and the IS agents that target their function. We consider protocols for the generation of RMC and the selection of donor- or recipient-derived cells for adoptive cell therapy. Additionally, the issues of cell trafficking and antigen (Ag) specificity after RMC transfer are discussed. Improved understanding of the immunobiology of these cells has increased the possibility of moving RMC into the clinic to reduce the burden of current IS agents and to promote Ag-specific tolerance. In the second half of this review, we discuss the influence of established and experimental IS agents on myeloid cell populations. IS agents believed historically to act primarily on T cell activation and proliferation are emerging as important regulators of RMC function. Better insights into the influence of IS agents on RMC will enhance our ability to develop cell therapy protocols to promote the function of these cells. Moreover, novel IS agents may be designed to target RMC in situ to promote Ag-specific immune regulation in transplantation and to usher in a new era of immune modulation exploiting cells of myeloid origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R. Rosborough
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Dàlia Raïch-Regué
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Heth R. Turnquist
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Angus W. Thomson
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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