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Luoto R, Pärtty A, Vogt JK, Rautava S, Isolauri E. Reversible aberrancies in gut microbiome of moderate and late preterm infants: results from a randomized, controlled trial. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2283913. [PMID: 38010080 PMCID: PMC10730193 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2283913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to obtain insight into the composition and function of the deviant gut microbiome throughout infancy in children born moderately and late preterm and their response to microbiome modulation. We characterized the longitudinal development of the gut microbiome from birth to the age of 12 months by metagenomic sequencing in 43 moderate and late preterm children participating in a randomized, controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov/no.NCT00167700) assessing the impact of a probiotic (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, ATCC 53,103, currently Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG) and a prebiotic (galacto-oligosaccharide and polydextrose mixture, 1:1) intervention as compared to a placebo administered from 3 to 60 days of life. In addition, 9 full-term, vaginally delivered, breast-fed infants, who remained healthy long-term were included as references. Significant differences in taxonomy, but not in functional potential, were found when comparing the gut microbiome composition of preterm and full-term infants during the first month of life. However, the gut microbiome of preterm infants resembled that of full-term infants by 6 months age. Probiotic and prebiotic treatments were found to mitigate the shift in the microbiome of preterm infants by accelerating Bifidobacteria-dominated gut microbiome in beta diversity analysis. This study provides intriguing information regarding the establishment of the gut microbiome in children born moderately and late preterm, representing the majority of children born preterm. Specific pro- and prebiotics may reverse the proinflammatory gut microbiome composition during the vulnerable period, when the microbiome is low in resilience and susceptible to environmental exposure and simultaneously promotes immunological and metabolic maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raakel Luoto
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Pärtty
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Samuli Rautava
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- New Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erika Isolauri
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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2
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Laursen MF, Roager HM. Human milk oligosaccharides modify the strength of priority effects in the Bifidobacterium community assembly during infancy. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:2452-2457. [PMID: 37816852 PMCID: PMC10689826 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the significant role of the gut microbiota in infant health and development, little is known about the ecological processes determining gut microbial community assembly. According to ecology theory, the timing and order of arrival of microbial species into an ecosystem affect microbial community assembly, a phenomenon termed priority effects. Bifidobacterium species are recognized as highly abundant early colonizers of the infant's gut, partly due to their ability to selectively utilize human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) from breast milk. However, the role of priority effects in Bifidobacterium community assembly remains unclear. Here, we investigated the Bifidobacterium community assembly in the gut of 25 breastfed Danish infants longitudinally sampled throughout the first 6 months of life. Our results showed that the breastfed infants were often initially, but temporarily, dominated by suboptimal HMO-utilizing Bifidobacterium taxa, such as B. longum subsp. longum, before more efficient HMO-utilizers such as B. longum subsp. infantis, replaced the first colonizer as the dominant Bifidobacterium taxon. Subsequently, we validated this observation using gnotobiotic mice sequentially colonized with B. longum subsp. longum and B. longum subsp. infantis or vice versa, with or without supplementation of HMOs in the drinking water. The results showed that in the absence of HMOs, order of arrival determined dominance. Yet, when mice were supplemented with HMOs the strength of priority effects diminished, and B. longum subsp. infantis dominated regardless of colonization order. Our data demonstrate that the arrival order of Bifidobacterium taxa and the deterministic force of breast milk-derived HMOs, dictate Bifidobacterium community assembly in the infant's gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin F Laursen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Henrik M Roager
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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3
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Chen Y, Lu Y, Wang T, Wu J, Yu B. Changes in Gut Microbiota at 1-60 Days in 92 Preterm Infants in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Using 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing. Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e941560. [PMID: 38018034 DOI: 10.12659/msm.941560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal gut diversity is influenced by birth conditions and probiotic/antibiotic use. The gut microbiota affects brain development, immunity, and risk of diseases. Preterm infants, especially in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), have different gut flora from full-term infants, suggesting in utero microbial colonization. This study examined gut microbiota changes in 92 NICU preterm infants in China. MATERIAL AND METHODS We collected data on 92 preterm infants admitted to the NICU immediately after birth, and fecal samples were collected on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 60. We analyzed changes in intestinal bacteria through 16S rRNA sequencing, predicted the change in gut microbiota function over time, and compared the effects of main feeding modality on the intestinal bacteria of preterm infants. RESULTS At the phylum level, the top 5 phyla in total accounted for 99.69% of the abundance, in decreasing order of abundance: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Tenericutes, and Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, the top 10 genera in terms of abundance accounted for a total of 90.90%, in decreasing order of abundance: Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Escherichia-Shigella, unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus, Clostridium-sensu-stricto-1, Streptococcus, Sphingomonas, and Ureaplasma. The abundance of Proteobacteria and Pseudomonas showed a decreasing trend at first, reached a minimum at day 14, and then an increasing trend, while the opposite trend was observed for Firmicutes. The metabolic function of the bacterial community changed greatly at different time points. The abundance of Proteobacteria at the phylum level and Streptococcus at the genus level in formula-fed infants were significantly higher than in breast-fed infants. CONCLUSIONS Between 1 and 60 days, the gut microbiome in preterm infants in the NICU changed with changes in feeding patterns, with the main gut bacteria being from the phyla, Proteobacteria, and Pseudomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chen
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yanbo Lu
- Ningbo Women's and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Ting Wang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Junhua Wu
- Ningbo Women's and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Beirong Yu
- Ningbo Women's and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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4
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Park H, Park NY, Koh A. Scarring the early-life microbiome: its potential life-long effects on human health and diseases. BMB Rep 2023; 56:469-481. [PMID: 37605613 PMCID: PMC10547969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is widely recognized as a dynamic organ with a profound influence on human physiology and pathology. Extensive epidemiological and longitudinal cohort studies have provided compelling evidence that disruptions in the early-life microbiome can have long-lasting health implications. Various factors before, during, and after birth contribute to shaping the composition and function of the neonatal and infant microbiome. While these alterations can be partially restored over time, metabolic phenotypes may persist, necessitating research to identify the critical period for early intervention to achieve phenotypic recovery beyond microbiome composition. In this review, we provide current understanding of changes in the gut microbiota throughout life and the various factors affecting these changes. Specifically, we highlight the profound impact of early-life gut microbiota disruption on the development of diseases later in life and discuss perspectives on efforts to recover from such disruptions. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(9): 469-481].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Na-Young Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Ara Koh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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5
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Shankar A, Das DJ, Nayar S, Thomas S. Deciphering the effect of maternal postpartum antibiotic prophylaxis on the infant gut microbiome: a whole metagenomic analysis. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:427-441. [PMID: 37204286 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To analyze the impact of postpartum antibiotic (Ab) prophylaxis on the infant gut microbiome. Materials & methods: Whole metagenomic analysis was performed on breast milk and infant fecal samples collected from mother-infant pairs who belonged to two groups: an Ab group comprising mothers who had received a single course of Abs in the immediate postpartum period and a non-Ab group comprising mothers who had not received Abs. Results: The characteristic presence of Citrobacter werkmanii, an emerging multidrug-resistant uropathogen, and a higher relative abundance of genes encoding resistance to specific Abs were noted in samples from the Ab group compared with those from the non-Ab group. Conclusion: Policies regarding prophylactic Ab prescription across government and private health sectors in the postpartum period need to be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Shankar
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Devika J Das
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Seema Nayar
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
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Mady EA, Doghish AS, El-Dakroury WA, Elkhawaga SY, Ismail A, El-Mahdy HA, Elsakka EGE, El-Husseiny HM. Impact of the mother's gut microbiota on infant microbiome and brain development. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 150:105195. [PMID: 37100161 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
The link between the gut microbiome and health has recently garnered considerable interest in its employment for medicinal purposes. Since the early microbiota exhibits more flexibility compared to that of adults, there is a considerable possibility that altering it will have significant consequences on human development. Like genetics, the human microbiota can be passed from mother to child. This provides information on early microbiota acquisition, future development, and prospective chances for intervention. The succession and acquisition of early-life microbiota, modifications of the maternal microbiota during pregnancy, delivery, and infancy, and new efforts to understand maternal-infant microbiota transmission are discussed in this article. We also examine the shaping of mother-to-infant microbial transmission, and we then explore possible paths for future research to advance our knowledge in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Mady
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Animal Hygiene, Behavior and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya,13736, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Walaa A El-Dakroury
- Department of Pharmaceutics and industrial pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| | - Samy Y Elkhawaga
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hesham A El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elsayed G E Elsakka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hussein M El-Husseiny
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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Veeraraghavan B, Kesavelu D, Yadav B. Gut Microbiota Composition in Indian and Western Infants (0–24 Months): A Systematic Review. NUTRITION AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS 2023. [DOI: 10.2147/nds.s402256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
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Giordani B, Abruzzo A, Parolin C, Foschi C, Laghi L, Marangoni A, Luppi B, Vitali B. Prebiotic Activity of Vaginal Lactobacilli on Bifidobacteria: from Concept to Formulation. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0200922. [PMID: 36602371 PMCID: PMC9927276 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02009-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut of babies born vaginally is rapidly colonized by Bifidobacterium spp. after birth, while in infants born by cesarean section (C-section), the presence of bifidobacteria drops dramatically, increasing the risk of developing gastrointestinal disorders. Considering that newborns naturally come into contact with maternal lactobacilli as they pass through the birth canal, the aim of this work is to exploit for the first time the bifidogenic activity exerted by the cell-free supernatants (CFSs) from lactobacilli of vaginal origin, belonging to the species Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Limosilactobacillus vaginalis, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. CFSs were recovered after 7 h, 13 h, and 24 h of fermentation and assessed for the ability to stimulate the planktonic growth and biofilms of Bifidobacterium strains belonging to species widely represented in the gut tract. A bifidogenic effect was observed for all CFSs; such activity was maximal for CFSs recovered in exponential phase and was strongly dependent on the species of lactobacilli. Importantly, no stimulating effects on an intestinal Escherichia coli strain were observed. CFSs from L. vaginalis BC17 showed the best bifidogenic profile since they increased bifidobacterial planktonic growth by up to 432% and biofilm formation by up to 289%. The CFS at 7 h from BC17 was successfully formulated with a hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel aimed at preventing and treating breast sores in lactating women and exerting bifidogenic activity in infants born mainly by C-section. IMPORTANCE Bifidobacteria in the gut tract of infants play crucial roles in the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases and the maturation of the immune system. Consequently, strategies to trigger a bifidogenic shift in the infant gut are highly desirable. Evidences suggest that the presence of a maternal vaginal microbiota dominated by health-promoting lactobacilli and the development of a bifidobacterium-enriched gut microbiota in newborns are interconnected. In this context, we found out that the cell-free supernatants from lactobacilli of vaginal origin were able to effectively stimulate the proliferation of Bifidobacterium spp. grown in free-floating and biofilm forms. The cell-free supernatant from Limosilactobacillus vaginalis BC17 showed excellent bifidogenic behavior, which was preserved even after its incorporation into a nipple formulation for lactating women. Lactobacilli derivatives, such as cell-free supernatants, have gained increasing interest by virtue of their safer profile than that of living cells and can be proposed as an ecosustainable approach to favor gut colonization of infants by bifidobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Giordani
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Abruzzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carola Parolin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Foschi
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Laghi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Antonella Marangoni
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Luppi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Vitali
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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9
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Sato I, Imura M, Kawasaki Y. Efficacy of a breastfeeding support education program for nurses and midwives: a randomized controlled trial. Int Breastfeed J 2022; 17:92. [PMID: 36550536 PMCID: PMC9773528 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-022-00532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional support influences the growth and development of late preterm infants (LPIs) and their long-term health status. However, healthy LPIs have a shorter hospital stay and may not receive adequate care after discharge. In this study, we developed and evaluated the effectiveness of an educational program for nurses and midwives to enable them to support breastfeeding of healthy LPIs. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted in Japan from July 2018 to April 2019. The participant pool consisted of nurses and midwives working at midwiferies and obstetric centers in Tokyo, Japan. A total of 395 candidates were recruited for participation across 79 facilities. The final participants were assigned to two groups: the breastfeeding support for LPIs program (BSLPI group; n = 36) or the non-technical skills program (NTS group; n = 33). The measures included the Self-Efficacy of Breastfeeding Support scale (SBS), the Social Skills in Nursing Interactions with Mothers (SS) scale, and the Knowledge and Skills Necessary for Breastfeeding Support for LPIs test (K-S). Scores for each measure were collected before, after, and one-month after the intervention. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to identify differences (main effects) according to program (BSLPI and NTS) and time (before, immediately after, and one month after intervention). RESULTS All 69 participants attended the program. Main effects of the program were observed only for K-S scores (F[1,58] = 78.57, p = 0.01). No significant differences were found for SBS (F[1,58] = 0.63, p = 0.43) or SS scores (F[1,58] = 1.51, p = 0.23). CONCLUSIONS Participation in the BSLPI was related to improved breastfeeding support knowledge and skills but was not related to improvements in nurses' self-efficacy or social skills. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered 12 December 2018, https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000040145 (UMIN: UMIN000035227).
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Sato
- grid.443371.60000 0004 1784 6918Japanese Red Cross College of Nursing, Saitama, Japan ,grid.443371.60000 0004 1784 6918Maternal Nursing, Japanese Red Cross College of Nursing, 8-7-19 Kamiochiai Saitama-shi, Chuo-ku, Saitama, 338-0001 Japan
| | - Masumi Imura
- grid.443371.60000 0004 1784 6918Global Health Care and Midwifery Graduate School of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross College of Nursing, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawasaki
- grid.443371.60000 0004 1784 6918Global Health Care and Midwifery Graduate School of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross College of Nursing, Tokyo, Japan
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Mitha A, Kruth SS, Bjurman S, Rakow A, Johansson S. Neonatal Morbidities and Feeding Tolerance Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants, before and after Introduction of Probiotic Supplementation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173646. [PMID: 36079903 PMCID: PMC9460632 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While probiotics are reported to reduce the risks of neonatal morbidities, less is known about probiotics and feeding tolerance. With this retrospective cohort study, we investigate whether introduction of probiotic supplementation as the standard of care was associated with fewer neonatal morbidities and improved feeding tolerance in very preterm infants. Using the Swedish Neonatal Quality Register, 345 live-born very preterm infants (28–31 weeks’ gestation), from January 2019–August 2021, in NICUs in Stockholm, Sweden, either received probiotic supplementation (Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium lactis, Streptococcusthermophilus) (139) or no supplementation (206); they were compared regarding a primary composite outcome of death, sepsis, and/or necrotising enterocolitis and secondary outcomes: time to full enteral feeding and antibiotics use. Probiotics seemed associated with a reduced risk of the composite outcome (4.3% versus 9.2%, p = 0.08). In the subgroup of 320 infants without the primary outcome, probiotics were associated with shorter time to full enteral feeding (6.6 days versus 7.2 days) and less use of antibiotics (5.2 days versus 6.1 days). Our findings suggest that probiotics improve feeding tolerance and further support that very preterm infants may benefit from probiotic supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Mitha
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- CHU Lille, Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Transport Unit, Department of Emergency Medicine, SAMU 59, Lille University Hospital, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sofia Söderquist Kruth
- Women’s Health and Allied Health Professional Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Bjurman
- Sachs Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, 11883 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Rakow
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Sachs Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, 11883 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-703495947
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11
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Liu L, Ao D, Cai X, Huang P, Cai N, Lin S, Wu B. Early gut microbiota in very low and extremely low birth weight preterm infants with feeding intolerance: a prospective case-control study. J Microbiol 2022; 60:1021-1031. [PMID: 35984614 PMCID: PMC9390111 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-2180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Dang Ao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Xiangsheng Cai
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Peiyi Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Nali Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Shaozhu Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Benqing Wu
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China.
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12
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Gut Microbiota in Psoriasis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142970. [PMID: 35889927 PMCID: PMC9321451 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with autoimmune pathogenic characteristics and is caused by chronic inflammation, which results in uncontrolled keratinocyte growth and defective differentiation. The link between the gut microbiota and immune system regulation opened a novel angle to understand the pathogenesis of many chronic multifactorial diseases, including psoriasis. Current evidence suggests that modulation of the gut microbiota, both through dietary approaches and through supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics, could represent a novel therapeutic approach. The present work aims to highlight the latest scientific evidence regarding the microbiome alterations of psoriatic patients, as well as state of the art insights in terms of microbiome-targeted therapies as promising preventive and therapeutic tools for psoriasis.
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13
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Diamond L, Wine R, Morris SK. Impact of intrapartum antibiotics on the infant gastrointestinal microbiome: a narrative review. Arch Dis Child 2022; 107:627-634. [PMID: 34716171 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-322590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The composition of the infant gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome has been linked to adverse long-term health outcomes and neonatal sepsis. Several factors are known to impact the composition of the microbiome, including mode of delivery, gestational age, feeding method and exposure to antibiotics. The impact of intrapartum antibiotics (IPAs) on the infant microbiome requires further research. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the impact of IPAs on the infant GI microbiome. METHODS We searched Ovid MEDLINE and Embase Classic+Embase for articles in English reporting on the microbiome of infants exposed to IPAs from the date of inception to 3 January 2021. Primary outcomes included abundance and colonisation of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, as well as alpha and beta diversity. RESULTS 30 papers were included in this review. In the first year of life, following exposure to IPAs, 30% (6/20) of infant cohorts displayed significantly reduced Bifidobacterium, 89% (17/19) did not display any significant differences in Lactobacillus colonisation, 21% (7/34) displayed significantly reduced alpha diversity and 35% (12/34) displayed alterations in beta diversity. Results were further stratified by delivery, gestational age (preterm or full term) and feeding method. CONCLUSIONS IPAs impact the composition of the infant GI microbiome, resulting in possible reductions Bifidobacterium and alpha diversity, and possible alterations in beta diversity. Our findings may have implications for maternal and neonatal health, including interventions to prevent reductions in health-promoting bacteria (eg, probiotics) and IPA class selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Diamond
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Wine
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaun K Morris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,Department of Pediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Aguilar-Lopez M, Dinsmoor AM, Ho TTB, Donovan SM. A systematic review of the factors influencing microbial colonization of the preterm infant gut. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-33. [PMID: 33818293 PMCID: PMC8023245 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1884514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prematurity coupled with the necessary clinical management of preterm (PT) infants introduces multiple factors that can interfere with microbial colonization. This study aimed to review the perinatal, physiological, pharmacological, dietary, and environmental factors associated with gut microbiota of PT infants. A total of 587 articles were retrieved from a search of multiple databases. Sixty studies were included in the review after removing duplicates and articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria. Review of this literature revealed that evidence converged on the effect of postnatal age, mode of delivery, use of antibiotics, and consumption of human milk in the composition of gut microbiota of PT infants. Less evidence was found for associations with race, sex, use of different fortifiers, macronutrients, and other medications. Future studies with rich metadata are needed to further explore the impact of the PT exposome on the development of the microbiota in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Aguilar-Lopez
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Andrew M. Dinsmoor
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Thao T. B. Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Sharon M. Donovan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA,CONTACT Sharon M. Donovan Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 339 Bevier Hall 905 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL61801, USA
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15
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Exploring the long-term colonisation and persistence of probiotic-prophylaxis species on the gut microbiome of preterm infants: a pilot study. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:3389-3400. [PMID: 35796792 PMCID: PMC9395480 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Preterm infants suffer from a higher incidence of acute diseases such as necrotising enterocolitis and sepsis. This risk can be mitigated through probiotic prophylaxis during admission. This reduction in risk is likely the result of acute modulation of the gut microbiome induced by probiotic species, which has been observed to occur up until discharge. We aimed to determine if this modulation, and the associated probiotic species, persisted beyond discharge. We conducted both a cross-sectional analysis (n = 18), at ~ 18 months of age, and a longitudinal analysis (n = 6), from admission to 18 months of the gut microbiome of preterm infants using both shotgun metagenomics and 16S rRNA profiling respectively. The 16S amplicon sequencing revealed that the microbial composition of the probiotic-supplemented infants changed dramatically over time, stabilising at discharge. However, species from the probiotic Infloran®, as well as positive modulatory effects previously associated with supplementation, do not appear to persist beyond discharge and once prophylaxis has stopped. Conclusions: Although differences exist between supplemented and non-supplemented groups, the implications of these differences remain unclear. Additionally, despite a lack of long-term colonisation, the presence of probiotics during early neonatal life may still have modulatory effects on the microbiome assembly and immune system training. What is Known: • Evidence suggests modulation of the microbiome occurs during probiotic prophylaxis, which may support key taxa that exert positive immunological benefits. • Some evidence suggests that this modulation can persist post-prophylaxis. What is New: • We present support for long-term modulation in association with probiotic prophylaxis in a cohort of infants from North Queensland Australia. • We also observed limited persistence of the probiotic species post-discharge.
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16
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Spontaneous preterm delivery is reflected in both early neonatal and maternal gut microbiota. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1804-1811. [PMID: 34349229 PMCID: PMC9270225 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant gut microbiota composition in preterm neonates is linked to adverse health consequences. Little is known about the impact of perinatal factors or maternal gut microbiota on initial preterm gut colonization. METHODS Fecal samples were collected from 55 preterm neonates (<35 gestational weeks), 51 mothers, and 25 full-term neonates during the first 3-4 postpartum days. Gut microbiota composition was assessed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Preterm neonates exhibited significantly lower gut microbiota alpha diversity and distinct beta diversity clustering compared to term neonates. Spontaneous preterm birth was associated with distinct initial gut microbiota beta diversity as compared to iatrogenic delivery. Gestational age or delivery mode had no impact on the preterm gut microbiota composition. The cause of preterm delivery was also reflected in the maternal gut microbiota composition. The contribution of maternal gut microbiota to initial preterm gut colonization was more pronounced after spontaneous delivery than iatrogenic delivery and not dependent on delivery mode. CONCLUSIONS The initial preterm gut microbiota is distinct from term microbiota. Spontaneous preterm birth is reflected in the early neonatal and maternal gut microbiota. Transmission of gut microbes from mother to neonate is determined by spontaneous preterm delivery, but not by mode of birth. IMPACT The initial gut microbiota in preterm neonates is distinct from those born full term. Spontaneous preterm birth is associated with changes in the gut microbiota composition of both preterm neonates and their mothers. The contribution of the maternal gut microbiota to initial neonatal gut colonization was more pronounced after spontaneous preterm delivery as compared to iatrogenic preterm delivery and not dependent on delivery mode. Our study provides new evidence regarding the early gut colonization patterns in preterm infants. Altered preterm gut microbiota has been linked to adverse health consequences and may provide a target for early intervention.
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17
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Saturio S, Nogacka AM, Alvarado-Jasso GM, Salazar N, de los Reyes-Gavilán CG, Gueimonde M, Arboleya S. Role of Bifidobacteria on Infant Health. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2415. [PMID: 34946017 PMCID: PMC8708449 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are among the predominant microorganisms during infancy, being a dominant microbial group in the healthy breastfed infant and playing a crucial role in newborns and infant development. Not only the levels of the Bifidobacterium genus but also the profile and quantity of the different bifidobacterial species have been demonstrated to be of relevance to infant health. Although no definitive proof is available on the causal association, reduced levels of bifidobacteria are perhaps the most frequently observed alteration of the intestinal microbiota in infant diseases. Moreover, Bifidobacterium strains have been extensively studied by their probiotic attributes. This review compiles the available information about bifidobacterial composition and function since the beginning of life, describing different perinatal factors affecting them, and their implications on different health alterations in infancy. In addition, this review gathers exhaustive information about pre-clinical and clinical studies with Bifidobacterium strains as probiotics in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Saturio
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (S.S.); (A.M.N.); (G.M.A.-J.); (N.S.); (C.G.d.l.R.-G.)
- Diet, Human Microbiota and Health Group, Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alicja M. Nogacka
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (S.S.); (A.M.N.); (G.M.A.-J.); (N.S.); (C.G.d.l.R.-G.)
- Diet, Human Microbiota and Health Group, Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Guadalupe M. Alvarado-Jasso
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (S.S.); (A.M.N.); (G.M.A.-J.); (N.S.); (C.G.d.l.R.-G.)
| | - Nuria Salazar
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (S.S.); (A.M.N.); (G.M.A.-J.); (N.S.); (C.G.d.l.R.-G.)
- Diet, Human Microbiota and Health Group, Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (S.S.); (A.M.N.); (G.M.A.-J.); (N.S.); (C.G.d.l.R.-G.)
- Diet, Human Microbiota and Health Group, Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (S.S.); (A.M.N.); (G.M.A.-J.); (N.S.); (C.G.d.l.R.-G.)
- Diet, Human Microbiota and Health Group, Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Silvia Arboleya
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (S.S.); (A.M.N.); (G.M.A.-J.); (N.S.); (C.G.d.l.R.-G.)
- Diet, Human Microbiota and Health Group, Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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18
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Preterm infant meconium microbiota transplant induces growth failure, inflammatory activation, and metabolic disturbances in germ-free mice. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100447. [PMID: 34841294 PMCID: PMC8606908 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth may result in adverse health outcomes. Very preterm infants typically exhibit postnatal growth restriction, metabolic disturbances, and exaggerated inflammatory responses. We investigated the differences in the meconium microbiota composition between very preterm (<32 weeks), moderately preterm (32–37 weeks), and term (>37 weeks) human neonates by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Human meconium microbiota transplants to germ-free mice were conducted to investigate whether the meconium microbiota is causally related to the preterm infant phenotype in an experimental model. Our results indicate that very preterm birth is associated with a distinct meconium microbiota composition. Fecal microbiota transplant of very preterm infant meconium results in impaired growth, altered intestinal immune function, and metabolic parameters as compared to term infant meconium transplants in germ-free mice. This finding suggests that measures aiming to minimize the long-term adverse consequences of very preterm birth should be commenced during pregnancy or directly after birth. Very preterm neonates exhibit a distinct meconium microbiota composition Human meconium microbiota is transplanted to germ-free mice in this study Preterm transplant induces growth restriction, inflammation, and altered metabolism Initial gut microbiota may be causally related to complications of prematurity
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19
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Unraveling the Microbiome of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Insights in Novel Microbial and Metabolomic Biomarkers. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0117621. [PMID: 34704805 PMCID: PMC8549755 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01176-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is among the most relevant gastrointestinal diseases affecting mostly prematurely born infants with low birth weight. While intestinal dysbiosis has been proposed as one of the possible factors involved in NEC pathogenesis, the role of the gut microbiota remains poorly understood. In this study, the gut microbiota of preterm infants was explored to highlight differences in the composition between infants affected by NEC and infants prior to NEC development. A large-scale gut microbiome analysis was performed, including 47 shotgun sequencing data sets generated in the framework of this study, along with 124 retrieved from publicly available repositories. Meta-analysis led to the identification of preterm community state types (PT-CSTs), which recur in healthy controls and NEC infants. Such analyses revealed an overgrowth of a range of opportunistic microbial species accompanying the loss of gut microbial biodiversity in NEC subjects. Moreover, longitudinal insights into preterm infants prior to NEC development indicated Clostridium neonatale and Clostridium perfringens species as potential biomarkers for predictive early diagnosis of this disease. Furthermore, functional investigation of the enzymatic reaction profiles associated with pre-NEC condition suggested DL-lactate as a putative metabolic biomarker for early detection of NEC onset. IMPORTANCE Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disease occurring predominantly in premature infants whose etiology is still not fully understood. In this study, the analysis of infant fecal samples through shotgun metagenomics approaches revealed a marked reduction of the intestinal (bio)diversity and an overgrowth of (opportunistic) pathogens associated with the NEC development. In particular, dissection of the infant’s gut microbiome before NEC diagnosis highlighted the potential involvement of Clostridium genus members in the progression of NEC. Remarkably, our analyses highlighted a gastrointestinal DL-lactate accumulation among NEC patients that might represent a novel potential functional biomarker for the early diagnosis of NEC.
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20
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Laursen MF. Gut Microbiota Development: Influence of Diet from Infancy to Toddlerhood. ANNALS OF NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2021; 77:1-14. [PMID: 34461613 DOI: 10.1159/000517912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Early life is a critical period as our gut microbiota establishes here and may impact both current and future health. Thus, it is of importance to understand how different factors govern the complex microbial colonization patterns in this period. The gut microbiota changes substantially during infancy and toddlerhood in terms of both taxonomic composition and diversity. This developmental trajectory differs by a variety of factors, including term of birth, mode of birth, intake of antibiotics, presence of furred pets, siblings and family members, host genetics, local environment, geographical location, and maternal and infant/toddler diet. The type of milk feeding and complementary feeding is particularly important in early and late infancy/toddlerhood, respectively. Breastfeeding, due to the supply of human milk oligosaccharide into the gut, promotes the growth of specific human milk oligosaccharide (HMO)-utilizing Bifidobacterium species that dominate the ecosystem as long as the infant is primarily breastfed. These species perform saccharolytic fermentation in the gut and produce metabolites with physiological effects that may contribute to protection against infectious and immune-related diseases. Formula feeding, due to its lack of HMOs and higher protein content, give rise to a more diverse gut microbiota that contains more opportunistic pathogens and results in a more proteolytic metabolism in the gut. Complementary feeding, due to the introduction of dietary fibers and new protein sources, induces a shift in the gut microbiota and metabolism away from the milk-adapted and toward a more mature and diverse adult-like community with increased abundances of short chain fatty acid-producing bacterial taxa. While the physiological implication of these complementary diet-induced changes remains to be established, a few recent studies indicate that an inadequately matured gut microbiota may be causally related to poor growth and development. Further studies are required to expand our knowledge on interactions between diet, gut microbiota, and health in the early life setting.
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21
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Kakaroukas A, Abrahamse-Berkeveld M, Berrington JE, McNally RJQ, Stewart CJ, Embleton ND, van Elburg RM. An Observational Cohort Study and Nested Randomized Controlled Trial on Nutrition and Growth Outcomes in Moderate and Late Preterm Infants (FLAMINGO). Front Nutr 2021; 8:561419. [PMID: 33763438 PMCID: PMC7982654 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.561419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Over the past decades, the preterm birth rate has increased, mostly due to a rise in late and moderate preterm (LMPT, 32–36 weeks gestation) births. LMPT birth affects 6–7% of all births in the United Kingdom and is associated with increased morbidity risk after birth in infancy as well as in adulthood. Early life nutrition has a critical role in determining infant growth and development, but there are limited data specifically addressing LMPT infants, which was the rationale for the design of the current study. Objective: The Feeding Late and Moderate Infants and Growth Outcomes (FLAMINGO) study aims to improve understanding of the longitudinal growth, nutritional needs, and body composition of LMPT infants as well as their microbiome development and neurodevelopment. In addition, having a nested non-inferiority trial enables evaluation of the nutritional adequacy of a concept IMF with large milk phospholipid-coated lipid droplets comprising dairy and vegetable lipids. The primary outcome of this RCT is daily weight gain until 3 months corrected age. Methods: A total of 250 healthy LMPT infants (32+0–36+6 weeks gestational age) with birth weight 1.25–3.0 kg will be recruited to the cohort, of which 140 infants are anticipated to be enrolled in the RCT. During six visits over the first 2 years of life, anthropometry, body composition (using dual energy X-Ray absorptiometry), feeding behavior, and developmental outcomes will be measured. Saliva and stool samples will be collected for oral and gut microbiota assessment. Discussion: The FLAMINGO study will improve understanding of the longitudinal growth, body composition development, and feeding characteristics of LMPT infants and gain insights into their microbiome and neurodevelopment. Study Registration:www.isrctn.com; Identifier ISRCTN15469594.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kakaroukas
- Newcastle Neonatal Service, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Janet E Berrington
- Newcastle Neonatal Service, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Q McNally
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Population and Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Stewart
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D Embleton
- Newcastle Neonatal Service, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Population and Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ruurd M van Elburg
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC) Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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22
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Westaway JAF, Huerlimann R, Miller CM, Kandasamy Y, Norton R, Rudd D. Methods for exploring the faecal microbiome of premature infants: a review. Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol 2021; 7:11. [PMID: 33685524 PMCID: PMC7941982 DOI: 10.1186/s40748-021-00131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The premature infant gut microbiome plays an important part in infant health and development, and recognition of the implications of microbial dysbiosis in premature infants has prompted significant research into these issues. The approaches to designing investigations into microbial populations are many and varied, each with its own benefits and limitations. The technique used can influence results, contributing to heterogeneity across studies. This review aimed to describe the most common techniques used in researching the preterm infant microbiome, detailing their various limitations. The objective was to provide those entering the field with a broad understanding of available methodologies, so that the likely effects of their use can be factored into literature interpretation and future study design. We found that although many techniques are used for characterising the premature infant microbiome, 16S rRNA short amplicon sequencing is the most common. 16S rRNA short amplicon sequencing has several benefits, including high accuracy, discoverability and high throughput capacity. However, this technique has limitations. Each stage of the protocol offers opportunities for the injection of bias. Bias can contribute to variability between studies using 16S rRNA high throughout sequencing. Thus, we recommend that the interpretation of previous results and future study design be given careful consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A F Westaway
- James Cook University, 1 McGregor Road, Smithfield, QLD, 4878, Australia.
| | - Roger Huerlimann
- James Cook University, 1 James Cook Dr, Douglas, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Catherine M Miller
- James Cook University, 1 McGregor Road, Smithfield, QLD, 4878, Australia
| | - Yoga Kandasamy
- Townsville University Hospital, 100 Angus Smith Dr, Douglas, QLD, 4814, Australia
| | - Robert Norton
- Pathology Queensland, 100 Angus Smith Dr, Douglas, QLD, 4814, Australia
| | - Donna Rudd
- James Cook University, 1 James Cook Dr, Douglas, QLD, 4811, Australia
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23
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Morello W, D'Amico F, Serafinelli J, Turroni S, Abati I, Fiori J, Baskin E, Yalcinkaya F, Jankauskiene A, Pennesi M, Zurowska A, Becherucci F, Drozdz D, Mekahli D, Krzemien G, La Scola C, Taranta-Janusz K, Mehls O, Schaefer F, Candela M, Montini G. Low-Dose Antibiotic Prophylaxis Induces Rapid Modifications of the Gut Microbiota in Infants With Vesicoureteral Reflux. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:674716. [PMID: 34222145 PMCID: PMC8247656 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.674716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Maturation of the gut microbiota (GM) in infants is critically affected by environmental factors, with potential long-lasting clinical consequences. Continuous low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP) is the standard of care for children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), in order to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections. We aimed to assess short-term GM modifications induced by CAP in infants. Methods: We analyzed the GM structure in 87 infants (aged 1-5 months) with high-grade VUR, previously exposed or naïve to CAP. Microbial DNA was extracted from stool samples. GM profiling was achieved by 16S rRNA gene-based next-generation sequencing. Fecal levels of short- and branched-chain fatty acids were also assessed. Results: 36/87 patients had been taking daily CAP for a median time of 47 days, while 51/87 had not. In all patients, the GM was predominantly composed by Bifidobacteriaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. Subgroup comparative analysis revealed alterations in the GM composition of CAP-exposed infants at phylum, family and genus level. CAP-exposed GM was enriched in members of Enterobacteriaceae and Bacteroidetes, especially in the genera Bacteroides and Parabacteroides, and showed a trend toward increased Klebsiella, often associated with antibiotic resistance. In contrast, the GM of non-CAP children was mostly enriched in Bifidobacterium. No differences were found in fatty acid levels. Conclusions: In infants with VUR, even a short exposure to CAP definitely alters the GM composition, with increased relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens and decreased proportions of health-promoting taxa. Early low-dose antibiotic exposure might bear potential long-term clinical risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Morello
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica D'Amico
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jessica Serafinelli
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Isabella Abati
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Fiori
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician," University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Esra Baskin
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Baskent University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatos Yalcinkaya
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Augustina Jankauskiene
- Clinic of Children Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Marco Pennesi
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo," Trieste, Italy
| | - Aleksandra Zurowska
- Pediatric Nephrology Department, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Dorota Drozdz
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Djalila Mekahli
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Laboratory of Pediatrics, PKD Group, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Grazyna Krzemien
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudio La Scola
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Otto Mehls
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franz Schaefer
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Candela
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Montini
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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24
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Aguilar-Lopez M, Wetzel C, MacDonald A, Ho TTB, Donovan SM. Human Milk-Based or Bovine Milk-Based Fortifiers Differentially Impact the Development of the Gut Microbiota of Preterm Infants. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:719096. [PMID: 34917555 PMCID: PMC8669825 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.719096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Preterm infants are exposed to different dietary inputs during their hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). These include human milk (HM), with a human milk-based (HMF) or a bovine milk-based (BMF) fortifier, or formula. Milk consumption and the type of fortification will cause changes in the gut microbiota structure of preterm infants. This study aimed to characterize the gut microbiota of PT infant according to the type of feeding and the type of HM fortification and its possible association with infant's growth. Methods: Ninety-seven infants born ≤33 wks of gestation or <1,500 g were followed during the hospitalization period in the NICU after birth until discharge. Clinical and dietary information was collected, including mode of delivery, pregnancy complications, mechanical ventilation, use of antibiotics, weight, and type and amount of milk consumed. To characterize the gut microbiota composition, weekly stool samples were collected from study participants. The V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA bacterial gene was Sequenced using Illumina MiSeq technology. Results: After birth, black maternal race, corrected gestational age (GA) and exposure to pregnancy complications, had a significant effect on gut microbial diversity and the abundance of Enterococcus, Veillonella, Bifidobacterium, Enterobacter, and Bacteroides. Over the course of hospitalization, corrected GA and exposure to chorioamnionitis remained to have an effect on gut microbial composition. Two different enterotypes were found in the gut microbiota of preterm infants. One enriched in Escherichia-Shigella, and another enriched in uncharacterized Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella and Clostridium sensu stricto 1. Overall, HM and fortification with HMF were the most common feeding strategies. When consuming BMF, PT infants had higher growth rates than those consuming HMF. Milk and type of fortification were significantly associated with the abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Conclusions: This observational study shows the significant association between milk consumption and the exposure to HMF or BMF fortification in the fecal microbiota composition of preterm infants. Additionally, these results show the effect of other perinatal factors in the establishment and development of PT infant's gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Aguilar-Lopez
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | | | | | - Thao T B Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Sharon M Donovan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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25
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Abstract
Aging is characterized by the functional decline of tissues and organs and increased risk of aging-associated disorders, which pose major societal challenges and are a public health priority. Despite extensive human genetics studies, limited progress has been made linking genetics with aging. There is a growing realization that the altered assembly, structure and dynamics of the gut microbiota actively participate in the aging process. Age-related microbial dysbiosis is involved in reshaping immune responses during aging, which manifest as immunosenescence (insufficiency) and inflammaging (over-reaction) that accompany many age-associated enteric and extraenteric diseases. The gut microbiota can be regulated, suggesting a potential target for aging interventions. This review summarizes recent findings on the physiological succession of gut microbiota across the life-cycle, the roles and mechanisms of gut microbiota in healthy aging, alterations of gut microbiota and aging-associated diseases, and the gut microbiota-targeted anti-aging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxin Ling
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiwen Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiumei Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, Lishui Second People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaochang Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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26
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Navarro-Tapia E, Sebastiani G, Sailer S, Toledano LA, Serra-Delgado M, García-Algar Ó, Andreu-Fernández V. Probiotic Supplementation During the Perinatal and Infant Period: Effects on Gut Dysbiosis and Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2243. [PMID: 32727119 PMCID: PMC7468726 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The perinatal period is crucial to the establishment of lifelong gut microbiota. The abundance and composition of microbiota can be altered by several factors such as preterm delivery, formula feeding, infections, antibiotic treatment, and lifestyle during pregnancy. Gut dysbiosis affects the development of innate and adaptive immune responses and resistance to pathogens, promoting atopic diseases, food sensitization, and infections such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Recent studies have indicated that the gut microbiota imbalance can be restored after a single or multi-strain probiotic supplementation, especially mixtures of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains. Following the systematic search methodology, the current review addresses the importance of probiotics as a preventive or therapeutic tool for dysbiosis produced during the perinatal and infant period. We also discuss the safety of the use of probiotics in pregnant women, preterm neonates, or infants for the treatment of atopic diseases and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Navarro-Tapia
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - Giorgia Sebastiani
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastian Sailer
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Almeida Toledano
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- BCNatal, Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Serra-Delgado
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- BCNatal, Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Óscar García-Algar
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Andreu-Fernández
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Hu Q, Liu C, Zhang D, Wang R, Qin L, Xu Q, Che L, Gao F. Effects of Low-Dose Antibiotics on Gut Immunity and Antibiotic Resistomes in Weaned Piglets. Front Immunol 2020; 11:903. [PMID: 32655541 PMCID: PMC7325945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread antibiotic use increases the risk of livestock acting as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) that may be transferred to human and animal pathogens. Particularly, maternal-infant transmission of antibiotics via breastmilk represents a great concern regarding infant health. In this study, we investigated the effects of 4-week low-dose antibiotic (LDA) treatment on the host immunity and antibiotic resistomes in weaned piglets. Transcriptomic analyses of ileum tissues revealed that the affected genes were largely enriched in innate immunity-related pathways. Significantly reduced protein expression of inflammatory factors, i.e., IFN-γ, IL-6 were observed. In addition, analyses of antibiotic resistomes identified a total of 1,021 ARGs related to 39 classes of antibiotics. The samples exhibited highly individual-specific diversity and no significant difference in the structure and diversity of ARGs and mobile gene elements (MGE) after LDA exposure for both colon and ileum samples. Despite of that, there were significant changes in the abundance of two transferrable ARGs [Erm(T) and tcr3] related to the antibiotics administered, implying an increased risk of transferrable antibiotic resistance. There was a significant change in the abundance of one pathogenic species after LDA exposure in the colon samples and one in the ileum samples, but there were no significant differences in the matched ARGs. Collectively, our findings reveal considerable changes in intestinal immunity-related genes, but minimal effects on gut antibiotic resistomes (ARGs and MGEs) in weaned piglets after 4 weeks LDA exposure. Our study provides a foundation for evaluating the longer-term cumulative effects of LDA use, especially the effects of maternal–infant LDA transmission, on antibiotic resistance and risks to infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hu
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Du Zhang
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Linlin Qin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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28
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Wang Z, Neupane A, Vo R, White J, Wang X, Marzano SYL. Comparing Gut Microbiome in Mothers' Own Breast Milk- and Formula-Fed Moderate-Late Preterm Infants. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:891. [PMID: 32528425 PMCID: PMC7264382 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome plays an important role in adult human health and diseases. However, how nutritional factors shape the initial colonization of gut bacteria in infants, especially in preterm infants, is still not completely known. In this study, we compared the effects of feeding with mothers' own breast milk (MBM) and formula on the initial composition and gene expression of gut bacteria in moderate-late preterm infants. Fecal samples were collected from ten formula-fed and ten MBM healthy infants born between 32 and 37 weeks' gestation after they reached full-volume enteral feedings. Total DNAs were extracted from fecal samples for amplicon sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and total RNA with rRNA depletion for metatranscriptome RNA-Seq 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing results showed that the alpha-diversity was similar between the MBM- and formula-fed preterm infants, but the beta-diversity showed a significant difference in composition (p = 0.002). The most abundant taxa were Veillonella (18.4%) and Escherichia/Shigella (15.2%) in MBM infants, whereas the most abundant taxa of formula-fed infants were Streptococcus (18.6%) and Klebsiella (17.4%). The genera Propionibacterium, Streptococcus, and Finegoldia and order Clostridiales had significantly higher relative abundance in the MBM group than the formula group, whereas bacteria under family Enterobacteriaceae, genera Enterococcus and Veillonella, and class Bacilli were more abundant in the formula group. In general, microbiomes from both diet groups exhibited high functional levels of catalytic activity and metabolic processing when analyzed for gene ontology using a comparative metatranscriptome approach. Statistically, the microbial genes in the MBM group had an upregulation in expression related to glycine reductase, periplasmic acid stress response in Enterobacteria, acid resistance mechanisms, and L-fucose utilization. In contrast, the formula-fed group had upregulations in genes associated with methionine and valine degradation functions. Our data suggest that the nutritional source plays a role in shaping the moderate-late preterm gut microbiome as evidenced by the differences in bacterial composition and gene expression profiles in the fecal samples. The MBM group enriched Propionibacterium. Glycine reductase was highly upregulated in the microbiota from MBM along with the upregulated acid stress tolerance genes, suggesting that the intensity of fermentation process was enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wang
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Achal Neupane
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Richard Vo
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford Children’s Hospital, Sanford USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
| | - Jessica White
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford Children’s Hospital, Sanford USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
| | - Xiuqing Wang
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Shin-Yi Lee Marzano
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
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29
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Wu S, Sun C, Li Y, Wang T, Jia L, Lai S, Yang Y, Luo P, Dai D, Yang YQ, Luo Q, Gao NL, Ning K, He LJ, Zhao XM, Chen WH. GMrepo: a database of curated and consistently annotated human gut metagenomes. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:D545-D553. [PMID: 31504765 PMCID: PMC6943048 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
GMrepo (data repository for Gut Microbiota) is a database of curated and consistently annotated human gut metagenomes. Its main purpose is to facilitate the reusability and accessibility of the rapidly growing human metagenomic data. This is achieved by consistently annotating the microbial contents of collected samples using state-of-art toolsets and by manual curation of the meta-data of the corresponding human hosts. GMrepo organizes the collected samples according to their associated phenotypes and includes all possible related meta-data such as age, sex, country, body-mass-index (BMI) and recent antibiotics usage. To make relevant information easier to access, GMrepo is equipped with a graphical query builder, enabling users to make customized, complex and biologically relevant queries. For example, to find (1) samples from healthy individuals of 18 to 25 years old with BMIs between 18.5 and 24.9, or (2) projects that are related to colorectal neoplasms, with each containing >100 samples and both patients and healthy controls. Precomputed species/genus relative abundances, prevalence within and across phenotypes, and pairwise co-occurrence information are all available at the website and accessible through programmable interfaces. So far, GMrepo contains 58 903 human gut samples/runs (including 17 618 metagenomes and 41 285 amplicons) from 253 projects concerning 92 phenotypes. GMrepo is freely available at: https://gmrepo.humangut.info.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chuqing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanze Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Longhao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Senying Lai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yaling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Shenzhen Digital Life Institute, 518053 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengyu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Die Dai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong-Qing Yang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Physics, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qibin Luo
- Department of Genome Oriented Bioinformatics, Technische Universität München, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, 85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Na L Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Institute for Computer Science and Dept. of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kang Ning
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Huazhong University of Science and Technology Ezhou Industrial Technology Research Institute, 436044 Ezhou, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Jie He
- Department of Medical Oncology, People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Xing-Ming Zhao
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Wei-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Huazhong University of Science and Technology Ezhou Industrial Technology Research Institute, 436044 Ezhou, Hubei, China.,College of Life Science, HeNan Normal University, 453007 Xinxiang, Henan, China
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30
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Zwittink RD, van Zoeren-Grobben D, Renes IB, van Lingen RA, Norbruis OF, Martin R, Groot Jebbink LJ, Knol J, Belzer C. Dynamics of the bacterial gut microbiota in preterm and term infants after intravenous amoxicillin/ceftazidime treatment. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:195. [PMID: 32380969 PMCID: PMC7204001 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to understand the consequences of pre-emptive antibiotic treatment in neonates, as disturbances in microbiota development during this key developmental time window might affect early and later life health outcomes. Despite increasing knowledge regarding the detrimental effect of antibiotics on the gut microbiota, limited research focussed on antibiotic treatment duration. We determined the effect of short and long amoxicillin/ceftazidime administration on gut microbiota development during the immediate postnatal life of preterm and term infants. METHODS Faeces was collected from 63 (pre) term infants at postnatal weeks one, two, three, four and six. Infants received either no (control), short-term (ST) or long-term (LT) postpartum amoxicillin/ceftazidime treatment. RESULTS Compared to control infants, ST and LT infants' microbiota contained significantly higher abundance of Enterococcus during the first two postnatal weeks at the expense of Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus. Short and long antibiotic treatment both allowed for microbiota restoration within the first six postnatal weeks. However, Enterococcus and Bifidobacterium abundances were affected in fewer ST than LT infants. CONCLUSIONS Intravenous amoxicillin/ceftazidime administration affects intestinal microbiota composition by decreasing the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and Streptococcus, while increasing the relative abundance of Enterococcus and Lactobacillus species during the first two postnatal weeks. Thriving of enterococci at the expense of bifidobacteria and streptococci should be considered as aspect of the cost-benefit determination for antibiotic prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy D Zwittink
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Richard A van Lingen
- Princess Amalia Dpt of Paediatrics, Dpt of Neonatology, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Obbe F Norbruis
- Princess Amalia Dpt of Paediatrics, Dpt of Neonatology, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Rocio Martin
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Knol
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Clara Belzer
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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31
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Dierikx TH, Visser DH, Benninga MA, van Kaam AHLC, de Boer NKH, de Vries R, van Limbergen J, de Meij TGJ. The influence of prenatal and intrapartum antibiotics on intestinal microbiota colonisation in infants: A systematic review. J Infect 2020; 81:190-204. [PMID: 32389786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The intestinal microbiota develops in early infancy and is essential for health status early and later in life. In this review we focus on the effect of prenatal and intrapartum maternally administered antibiotics on the infant intestinal microbiota. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and EMBASE. All studies reporting effect on diversity or microbiota profiles were included. RESULTS A total of 4.030 records were encountered. A total of 24 articles were included in the final analysis. Infants from mothers exposed to antibiotics during delivery showed a decreased microbial diversity compared to non-exposed infants. The microbiota of infants exposed to antibiotics was characterised by a decreased abundance of Bacteriodetes and Bifidobacteria, with a concurrent increase of Proteobacteria. These effects were most pronounced in term vaginally born infants. CONCLUSION Maternal administration of antibiotics seems to have profound effects on the infant gut microbiota colonisation. Interpretation of microbiota aberrations in specific populations, such as preterm and caesarean born infants, is complicated by multiple confounding factors and by lack of high quality studies and high heterogeneity in study design. Further research is needed to investigate the potential short- and long-term clinical consequences of these microbial alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Dierikx
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, VU University medical centre, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Centre, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - D H Visser
- Department of Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Centre, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M A Benninga
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Centre, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A H L C van Kaam
- Department of Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Centre, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N K H de Boer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, AG&M institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R de Vries
- Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J van Limbergen
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Centre, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T G J de Meij
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, VU University medical centre, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Centre, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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32
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The Relationship Between Prematurity, Method of Delivery, and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020; 70:e37-e40. [PMID: 31978026 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) remains unknown. Early life events including method of delivery and length of gestation may be risk factors for FGIDs. Data from studies on early life events and the development of FGIDs are scarce and contradictory. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the association between mode of delivery, length of gestation, and FGIDs in children. We hypothesized that delivery via Cesarean section and prematurity would be associated with an increased prevalence of FGIDs. METHODS Questionnaires were mailed to families from 3 cities in Colombia. Parents provided information on mode of delivery, demographics, and medical history. School children completed the Spanish version of the Questionnaire of Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rome IV. Categorical data were analyzed using Fisher exact tests. Calculation of odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was performed. RESULTS A total of 1497 children (535 preadolescents 10-12 years, 962 adolescents 13-18 years) participated. For participants born via Cesarean delivery, there was no significant increase in prevalence of any of the Rome IV FGIDs compared with vaginal delivery. There was a significant association between prematurity and FGIDs for those born between 28 and 32 weeks (confidence interval 0.99-3.37; P = 0.03). In this group, functional nausea was the only category of FGID to reach significance (0.16-112.23) (P = 0.02). However, statistical significance was lost when gestational ages were grouped together with multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence that Cesarean delivery and prematurity are not risk factors for the development of FGIDs. Future studies are indicated to further evaluate the relationship between early life events and FGIDs.
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Alessandri G, Ossiprandi MC, MacSharry J, van Sinderen D, Ventura M. Bifidobacterial Dialogue With Its Human Host and Consequent Modulation of the Immune System. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2348. [PMID: 31632412 PMCID: PMC6779802 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since bifidobacteria are among the pioneering colonizers of the human infant gut, their interaction with their host is believed to start soon following birth. Several members of the Bifidobacterium genus are purported to exert various health-promoting effects at local and systemic levels, e.g., limiting pathogen colonization/invasion, influencing gut homeostasis, and influencing the immune system through changes in innate and/or adaptive immune responses. This has promoted extensive research efforts to shed light on the precise mechanisms by which bifidobacteria are able to stimulate and interact with the host immune system. These studies uncovered a variety of secreted or surface-associated molecules that act as essential mediators for the establishment of a bifidobacteria-host immune system dialogue, and that allow interactions with mucosa-associated immune cells. Additionally, the by-products generated from bifidobacterial carbohydrate metabolism act as vectors that directly and indirectly trigger the host immune response, the latter by stimulating growth of other commensal microorganisms such as propionate- or butyrate-producing bacteria. This review is aimed to provide a comprehensive overview on the wide variety of strategies employed by bifidobacteria to engage with the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Alessandri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Ossiprandi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - John MacSharry
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, Bioscience Institute, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, Bioscience Institute, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marco Ventura
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Gao NL, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Hu S, Lercher MJ, Zhao XM, Bork P, Liu Z, Chen WH. MVP: a microbe-phage interaction database. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:D700-D707. [PMID: 29177508 PMCID: PMC5753265 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phages invade microbes, accomplish host lysis and are of vital importance in shaping the community structure of environmental microbiota. More importantly, most phages have very specific hosts; they are thus ideal tools to manipulate environmental microbiota at species-resolution. The main purpose of MVP (Microbe Versus Phage) is to provide a comprehensive catalog of phage–microbe interactions and assist users to select phage(s) that can target (and potentially to manipulate) specific microbes of interest. We first collected 50 782 viral sequences from various sources and clustered them into 33 097 unique viral clusters based on sequence similarity. We then identified 26 572 interactions between 18 608 viral clusters and 9245 prokaryotes (i.e. bacteria and archaea); we established these interactions based on 30 321 evidence entries that we collected from published datasets, public databases and re-analysis of genomic and metagenomic sequences. Based on these interactions, we calculated the host range for each of the phage clusters and accordingly grouped them into subgroups such as ‘species-’, ‘genus-’ and ‘family-’ specific phage clusters. MVP is equipped with a modern, responsive and intuitive interface, and is freely available at: http://mvp.medgenius.info.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na L Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Institute for Computer Science and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences CEPLAS, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Chengwei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No.7 Beitucheng West Road, Chaoyang District, 100029 Beijing, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhanbing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Songnian Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No.7 Beitucheng West Road, Chaoyang District, 100029 Beijing, PR China
| | - Martin J Lercher
- Institute for Computer Science and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences CEPLAS, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Xing-Ming Zhao
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Office 2304, East Main Building of Guanghua Towers, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Peer Bork
- European molecular biology laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Max-Delbrück-Centre for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Tauchi H, Yahagi K, Yamauchi T, Hara T, Yamaoka R, Tsukuda N, Watanabe Y, Tajima S, Ochi F, Iwata H, Ohta M, Ishii E, Matsumoto S, Matsuki T. Gut microbiota development of preterm infants hospitalised in intensive care units. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:641-651. [PMID: 31179713 DOI: 10.3920/bm2019.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiome development affects infant health and postnatal physiology. The gut microbe assemblages of preterm infants have been reported to be different from that of healthy term infants. However, the patterns of ecosystem development and inter-individual differences remain poorly understood. We investigated hospitalised preterm infant gut microbiota development using 16S rRNA gene amplicons and the metabolic profiles of 268 stool samples obtained from 17 intensive care and 42 term infants to elucidate the dynamics and equilibria of the developing microbiota. Infant gut microbiota were predominated by Gram-positive cocci, Enterobacteriaceae or Bifidobacteriaceae, which showed sequential transitions to Bifidobacteriaceae-dominated microbiota. In neonatal intensive care unit preterm infants (NICU preterm infants), Staphylococcaceae abundance was higher immediately after birth than in healthy term infants, and Bifidobacteriaceae colonisation tended to be delayed. No specific NICU-cared infant enterotype-like cluster was observed, suggesting that the constrained environment only affected the pace of transition, but not infant gut microbiota equilibrium. Moreover, infants with Bifidobacteriaceae-dominated microbiota showed higher acetate concentrations and lower pH, which have been associated with host health. Our data provides an in-depth understanding of gut microbiota development in NICU preterm infants and complements earlier studies. Understanding the patterns and inter-individual differences of the preterm infant gut ecosystem is the first step towards controlling the risk of diseases in premature infants by targeting intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tauchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - K Yahagi
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - T Yamauchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - T Hara
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - R Yamaoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - N Tsukuda
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Y Watanabe
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - S Tajima
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - F Ochi
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - H Iwata
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - M Ohta
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - E Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - S Matsumoto
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - T Matsuki
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
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Dahl C, Stigum H, Valeur J, Iszatt N, Lenters V, Peddada S, Bjørnholt JV, Midtvedt T, Mandal S, Eggesbø M. Preterm infants have distinct microbiomes not explained by mode of delivery, breastfeeding duration or antibiotic exposure. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 47:1658-1669. [PMID: 29688458 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preterm infants have low gut microbial diversity and few anaerobes. It is unclear whether the low diversity pertains to prematurity itself or is due to differences in delivery mode, feeding mode or exposure to antibiotics. Methods The Norwegian Microbiota Study (NoMIC) was established to examine the colonization of the infant gut and health outcomes. 16S rRNA gene Illumina amplicon-sequenced samples from 519 children (160 preterms), collected at 10 days, 4 months and 1 year postnatally, were used to calculate alpha diversity. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were analysed with gas chromatography and quantified using flame ionization detection. We regressed alpha diversity on gestational age, taking into account possible confounding and mediating factors, such as breastfeeding and antibiotics. Taxonomic differences were tested using Analysis of Composition of Microbiomes (ANCOM) and SCFA profile (as a functional indicator of the microbiota) was tested by Wilcoxon rank-sum. Results Preterm infants had 0.45 Shannon units lower bacterial diversity at 10 days postnatally compared with infants born at term (95% confidence interval: -0.60, -0.32). Breastfeeding status and antibiotic exposure were not significant mediators of the gestational age-diversity association, although time spent in the neonatal intensive care unit was. Vaginally born, exclusively breastfed preterm infantss not exposed to antibiotics at 10 days postnatally had fewer Firmicutes and more Proteobacteria than children born at term and an SCFA profile indicating lower saccharolytic fermentation. Conclusions Preterm infants had distinct gut microbiome composition and function in the early postnatal period, not explained by factors more common in preterms, such as shorter breastfeeding duration, more antibiotics or caesarean delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Dahl
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hein Stigum
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Valeur
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Iszatt
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Virissa Lenters
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shyamal Peddada
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jørgen V Bjørnholt
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Midtvedt
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Siddhartha Mandal
- Center for Environmental Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India
| | - Merete Eggesbø
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Poor Bifidobacterial Colonization Is Associated with Late Provision of Colostrum and Improved with Probiotic Supplementation in Low Birth Weight Infants. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040839. [PMID: 31013872 PMCID: PMC6520773 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the association between bifidobacterial colonization in low birth weight infants and perinatal factors, including the timing of initial colostrum and the effect of probiotics on this colonization. In this non-randomized controlled trial, we enrolled 98 low-birth-weight infants from a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Japan. Infants were divided into three groups: group N (no intervention), group H (received non-live bifidobacteria), and group L (received live bifidobacteria). The number of bifidobacteria in the infants’ stools at 1 month of age was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We divided infants into “rich bifidobacteria” (≥104.8 cells/g feces) and “poor bifidobacteria” (<104.8 cells/g feces) subgroups. The ratio of “rich bifidobacteria” infants was 20/31, 34/36, and 30/30 in groups N, H, and L, respectively. In group N, the “rich bifidobacteria” group received first colostrum significantly earlier than the “poor bifidobacteria” group (1 day vs. 4 days, P < 0.05). Compared with the N group, both groups H and L had a significantly high proportion of “rich bifidobacteria” infants (P < 0.05). Bifidobacterial colonization was poor in premature infants at 1 month compared with term infants, and the level of colonization was associated with the timing of initial provision of colostrum. Providing probiotics to premature infants can improve bifidobacterial colonization.
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Lee-Sarwar KA, Kelly RS, Lasky-Su J, Zeiger RS, O'Connor GT, Sandel MT, Bacharier LB, Beigelman A, Laranjo N, Gold DR, Weiss ST, Litonjua AA. Integrative analysis of the intestinal metabolome of childhood asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:442-454. [PMID: 30914378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal metabolome reflects the biological consequences of diverse exposures and might provide insight into asthma pathophysiology. OBJECTIVE We sought to perform an untargeted integrative analysis of the intestinal metabolome of childhood asthma in this ancillary study of the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial. METHODS Metabolomic profiling was performed by using mass spectrometry on fecal samples collected from 361 three-year-old subjects. Adjusted logistic regression analyses identified metabolites and modules of highly correlated metabolites associated with asthma diagnosis by age 3 years. Sparse canonical correlation analysis identified associations relevant to asthma between the intestinal metabolome and other "omics": the intestinal microbiome as measured by using 16S rRNA sequencing, the plasma metabolome as measured by using mass spectrometry, and diet as measured by using food frequency questionnaires. RESULTS Several intestinal metabolites were associated with asthma at age 3 years, including inverse associations between asthma and polyunsaturated fatty acids (adjusted logistic regression β = -6.3; 95% CI, -11.3 to -1.4; P = .01) and other lipids. Asthma-associated intestinal metabolites were significant mediators of the inverse relationship between exclusive breast-feeding for the first 4 months of life and asthma (P for indirect association = .04) and the positive association between a diet rich in meats and asthma (P = .03). Specific intestinal bacterial taxa, including the family Christensenellaceae, and plasma metabolites, including γ-tocopherol/β-tocopherol, were positively associated with asthma and asthma-associated intestinal metabolites. CONCLUSION Integrative analyses revealed significant interrelationships between the intestinal metabolome and the intestinal microbiome, plasma metabolome, and diet in association with childhood asthma. These findings require replication in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Lee-Sarwar
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Rachel S Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Robert S Zeiger
- Departments of Allergy and Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, San Diego and Pasadena, Calif
| | - George T O'Connor
- Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Megan T Sandel
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Mass
| | - Leonard B Bacharier
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, and St Louis Children's Hospital, St Louis, Mo
| | - Avraham Beigelman
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, and St Louis Children's Hospital, St Louis, Mo
| | - Nancy Laranjo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Diane R Gold
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Augusto A Litonjua
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Golisano Children's Hospital at Strong, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
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Yee AL, Miller E, Dishaw LJ, Gordon JM, Ji M, Dutra S, Ho TTB, Gilbert JA, Groer M. Longitudinal Microbiome Composition and Stability Correlate with Increased Weight and Length of Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants. mSystems 2019; 4:e00229-18. [PMID: 30834328 PMCID: PMC6392092 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00229-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiomes of 83 preterm very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants and clinical covariates were analyzed weekly over the course of their initial neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay, with infant growth as the primary clinical outcome. Birth weight significantly correlated with increased rate of weight gain in the first 6 weeks of life, while no significant relationship was observed between rate of weight gain and feeding type. Microbial diversity increased with age and was significantly correlated with weight gain and percentage of the mother's own milk. As expected, infants who received antibiotics during their NICU stay had significantly lower alpha diversity than those who did not. Of those in the cohort, 25 were followed into childhood. Alpha diversity significantly increased between NICU discharge and age 2 years and between age 2 years and age 4 years, but the microbial alpha diversity of 4-year-old children was not significantly different from that of mothers. Infants who showed improved length over the course of their NICU stay had significantly more volatile microbial beta diversity results than and a significantly decreased microbial maturity index compared with infants who did not; interestingly, all infants who showed improved length during the NICU stay were delivered by Caesarean section. Microbial beta diversity results were significantly different between the time of the NICU stay and all other time points (for children who were 2 or 4 years old and mothers when their children were 2 or 4 years old). IMPORTANCE Preterm infants are at greater risk of microbial insult than full-term infants, including reduced exposure to maternal vaginal and enteric microbes, higher rates of formula feeding, invasive procedures, and administration of antibiotics and medications that alter gastrointestinal pH. This investigation of the VLBW infant microbiome over the course of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay, and at ages 2 and 4 years, showed that the only clinical variables associated with significant differences in taxon abundance were weight gain during NICU stay (Klebsiella and Staphylococcus) and antibiotic administration (Streptococcus and Bifidobacterium). At 2 and 4 years of age, the microbiota of these VLBW infants became similar to the mothers' microbiota. The number of microbial taxa shared between the infant or toddler and the mother varied, with least the overlap between infants and mothers. Overall, there was a significant association between the diversity and structure of the microbial community and infant weight and length gain in an at-risk childhood population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson L. Yee
- Interdisciplinary Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Microbiome Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Department of Anthropology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Larry J. Dishaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jessica M. Gordon
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Ming Ji
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Samia Dutra
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Thao T. B. Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jack A. Gilbert
- Microbiome Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maureen Groer
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Fan WQ, Gan A, Crane O. Commencing Nutrient Supplements before Full Enteral Feed Volume Achievement Is Beneficial for Moderately Preterm to Late Preterm Low Birth Weight Babies: A Prospective, Observational Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101340. [PMID: 30241325 PMCID: PMC6213071 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to observe after following a routine change in the feeding protocol whether the earlier introduction of nutrient supplements improved nutritional outcomes in moderately preterm to late preterm low birth weight (LBW) babies. In this prospective observational study, LBW babies between 31 and 39 weeks’ gestation admitted to a Special Care Nursery were assigned to two groups (F80, n = 45, F160, n = 42) upon commencing nutrient supplement at total fluid intake achievement of 80 or 160 mL/kg/day. Outcomes included weight, protein intake, biochemical markers, feeding intolerance, and length of stay (LOS). F80 nutrient supplements commenced before F160 (2.8 vs. 6.7 days, p < 0.0001) and lasted longer (15.2 vs. 12.2 days, p < 0.03). Weight gain velocity and LOS were similar. F80 mean protein intake during the first 10 days was higher (3.38 vs. 2.74 g/kg/day, p < 0.0001). There were fewer infants with protein intake <3 g/kg/day in the F80 group (8% vs. 65%, p < 0001). F80 babies regained birthweight almost two days earlier (7.5 vs. 9.4 days, p < 0.01). Weight gain Z-scores revealed an attenuation of the trend towards lower weight percentiles in the F80 group. Feeding intolerance was decreased for F80 (24.4% vs. 47.6%, p < 0.03). There were no adverse outcomes. Earlier nutrient supplementation for LBW babies lifts mean protein intake to above 3 g/kg/day and reduces both the duration of post-birth weight loss and incidence of feeding intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qi Fan
- Department of Paediatrics, The Northern Hospital, 185 Cooper Street, Epping, VIC 3076, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Amy Gan
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Olivia Crane
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Berkhout DJC, Niemarkt HJ, de Boer NKH, Benninga MA, de Meij TGJ. The potential of gut microbiota and fecal volatile organic compounds analysis as early diagnostic biomarker for necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis in preterm infants. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 12:457-470. [PMID: 29488419 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1446826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although the exact pathophysiological mechanisms of both necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and late-onset sepsis (LOS) in preterm infants are yet to be elucidated, evidence is emerging that the gut microbiota plays a key role in their pathophysiology. Areas covered: In this review, initial microbial colonization and factors influencing microbiota composition are discussed. For both NEC and LOS, an overview of studies investigating preclinical alterations in gut microbiota composition and fecal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is provided. Fecal VOCs are considered to reflect not only gut microbiota composition, but also their metabolic activity and concurrent interaction with the host. Expert review: Heterogeneity in study protocols and applied analytical techniques hampers reliable comparison between outcomes of different microbiota studies, limiting the ability to draw firm conclusions. This dilemma is illustrated by the finding that study results often cannot be reproduced, or even contradict each other. A NEC- and sepsis specific microbial or metabolic signature has not yet been discovered. Identification of 'disease-specific' VOCs and microbiota composition may increase understanding on pathophysiological mechanisms and may allow for development of an accurate screening tool, opening avenues towards timely identification and initiation of targeted treatment for preterm infants at increased risk for NEC and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Johannes Cornelis Berkhout
- a Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology , Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , the Netherlands.,b Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , the Netherlands
| | | | - Nanne Klaas Hendrik de Boer
- d Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , the Netherlands
| | - Marc Alexander Benninga
- a Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology , Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , the Netherlands
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Driscoll DJO', Felice VD, Kenny LC, Boylan GB, O'Keeffe GW. Mild prenatal hypoxia-ischemia leads to social deficits and central and peripheral inflammation in exposed offspring. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:418-427. [PMID: 29355822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) resulting from intrauterine or perinatal hypoxic-ischemia (HI) is a leading cause of long-term neonatal neurodisability. While most studies of long-term outcome have focused on moderate and severe HIE in term infants, recent work has shown that those with mild HIE may have subtle neurological impairments. However, the impact of mild HI on pre-term infants is much less clear given that pre-term birth is itself a risk factor for neurodisability. Here we show that mild HI insult alters behaviour, inflammation and the corticosterone stress response in a rat model of pre-term HIE. Mild HI exposure led to social deficits in exposed offspring at postnatal day 30, without impairments in the novel object recognition test nor in the open field test. This was also accompanied by elevations in circulating adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone indicating an exaggerated stress response. There were also elevations in il-1β and il-6 but not tnf-α mRNA and protein in the brain and blood samples. In summary we find that a mild HI exposure leads to social deficits, central and peripheral inflammation, and an abnormal corticosterone response which are three core features of autism spectrum disorder. This shows that mild HI exposure may be a risk factor for an abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome in pre-term offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J O ' Driscoll
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland
| | - Valeria D Felice
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, UCC, Cork, Ireland
| | - Louise C Kenny
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland
| | - Geraldine B Boylan
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, UCC, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard W O'Keeffe
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience and Cork Neuroscience Centre, UCC, Cork, Ireland.
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Chong CYL, Bloomfield FH, O'Sullivan JM. Factors Affecting Gastrointestinal Microbiome Development in Neonates. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030274. [PMID: 29495552 PMCID: PMC5872692 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is established in the newborn period and is recognised to interact with the host to influence metabolism. Different environmental factors that are encountered during this critical period may influence the gut microbial composition, potentially impacting upon later disease risk, such as asthma, metabolic disorder, and inflammatory bowel disease. The sterility dogma of the foetus in utero is challenged by studies that identified bacteria, bacterial DNA, or bacterial products in meconium, amniotic fluid, and the placenta; indicating the initiation of maternal-to-offspring microbial colonisation in utero. This narrative review aims to provide a better understanding of factors that affect the development of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome during prenatal, perinatal to postnatal life, and their reciprocal relationship with GI tract development in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Yieh Lin Chong
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Frank H Bloomfield
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Newborn Services, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Justin M O'Sullivan
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Watkins C, Stanton C, Ryan CA, Ross RP. Microbial Therapeutics Designed for Infant Health. Front Nutr 2017; 4:48. [PMID: 29124056 PMCID: PMC5662644 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acknowledgment of the gut microbiome as a vital asset to health has led to multiple studies attempting to elucidate its mechanisms of action. During the first year of life, many factors can cause fluctuation in the developing gut microbiome. Host genetics, maternal health status, mode of delivery, gestational age, feeding regime, and perinatal antibiotic usage, are known factors which can influence the development of the infant gut microbiome. Thus, the microbiome of vaginally born, exclusively breastfed infants at term, with no previous exposure to antibiotics, either directly or indirectly from the mother, is to be considered the "gold standard." Moreover, the use of prebiotics as an aid for the development of a healthy gut microbiome is equally as important in maintaining gut homeostasis. Breastmilk, a natural prebiotic source, provides optimal active ingredients for the growth of beneficial microbial species. However, early life disorders such as necrotising enterocolitis, childhood obesity, and even autism have been associated with an altered/disturbed gut microbiome. Subsequently, microbial therapies have been introduced, in addition to suitable prebiotic ingredients, which when administered, may aid in the prevention of a microbial disturbance in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this mini-review is to highlight the beneficial effects of different probiotic and prebiotic treatments in early life, with particular emphasis on the different conditions which negatively impact microbial colonisation at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Watkins
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - C. Anthony Ryan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
- School of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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