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Nascakova Z, He J, Papa G, Francas B, Azizi F, Müller A. Helicobacter pylori induces the expression of Lgr5 and stem cell properties in gastric target cells. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402783. [PMID: 39191487 PMCID: PMC11350067 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection predisposes carriers to a high risk of developing gastric cancer. The cell-of-origin of antral gastric cancer is the Lgr5+ stem cell. Here, we show that infection of antrum-derived gastric organoid cells with H. pylori increases the expression of the stem cell marker Lgr5 as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting, both when cells are grown and infected as monolayers and when cells are exposed to H. pylori in 3D structures. H. pylori exposure increases stemness properties as determined by spheroid formation assay. Lgr5 expression and the acquisition of stemness depend on a functional type IV secretion system (T4SS) and at least partly on the T4SS effector CagA. The pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of NF-κB reverses the increase in Lgr5 and spheroid formation. Constitutively active Wnt/β-catenin signaling because of Apc inactivation exacerbates H. pylori-induced Lgr5 expression and stemness, both of which persist even after eradication of the infection. The combined data indicate that H. pylori has stemness-inducing properties that depend on its ability to activate NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Nascakova
- https://ror.org/02crff812 Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jiazhuo He
- https://ror.org/02crff812 Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Papa
- https://ror.org/02crff812 Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Biel Francas
- https://ror.org/02crff812 Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Flora Azizi
- https://ror.org/02crff812 Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Müller
- https://ror.org/02crff812 Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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Kratz JD, Klein AB, Gray CB, Märten A, Vilu HL, Knight JF, Kumichel A, Ueno M. The Epidemiology of Biliary Tract Cancer and Associated Prevalence of MDM2 Amplification: A Targeted Literature Review. Target Oncol 2024:10.1007/s11523-024-01086-5. [PMID: 39302603 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-024-01086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy that is anatomically classified as gallbladder cancer (GBC), extra- and intra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA and iCCA) and ampullary cancer (AC). BTC is often diagnosed at an advanced stage when treatment options are limited and patients have a poor prognosis, so the identification of new drug targets is of critical importance. BTC is molecularly diverse and harbours different therapeutically actionable biomarkers, including mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), which is currently being investigated as a drug target. The aim of this targeted review was to evaluate and synthesise evidence on the epidemiology of BTC and its subtypes in different geographic regions and on the frequency of MDM2 amplifications in BTC tumours. Epidemiological studies (N = 33) consistently demonstrated high incidence rates in South and Central Asia for BTC overall (up to 9.00/100,000) and for all subtypes, with much lower rates in Europe and the US. Among the different types of BTC, the highest global incidence was observed for CCA, mainly driven by iCCA (1.4/100,000), followed by GBC (1.2/100,000) and AC (0.18-0.93 per 100,000). Studies of MDM2 in BTC (N = 19) demonstrated variable frequency of MDM2 amplification according to subtype, with consistently high MDM2 amplification rates in GBC (up to 17.5%), and lower rates in CCA (up to 4.4%). The results from this literature review highlight the geographic heterogeneity of BTC and the need for standardised clinicopathologic assessment and reporting to allow cross-study comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy David Kratz
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA.
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
- Wi Institute Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave Room 2784, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA.
| | | | | | - Angela Märten
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Makoto Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
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3
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Chen LT, Vogel A, Hsu C, Chen MH, Fang W, Pangarsa EA, Sharma A, Ikeda M, Park JO, Tan CK, Regala E, Tai D, Tanasanvimon S, Charoentum C, Chee CE, Lui A, Sow J, Oh DY, Ueno M, Ramaswamy A, Jeo WS, Zhou J, Curigliano G, Yoshino T, Bai LY, Pentheroudakis G, Chiang NJ, Cervantes A, Chen JS, Ducreux M. Pan-Asian adapted ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with biliary tract cancer. ESMO Open 2024; 9:103647. [PMID: 39232586 PMCID: PMC11410730 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.103647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC), published in late 2022 were adapted in December 2023, according to established standard methodology, to produce the Pan-Asian adapted (PAGA) ESMO consensus guidelines for the management of Asian patients with BTC. The adapted guidelines presented in this manuscript represent the consensus opinions reached by a panel of Asian experts in the treatment of patients with BTC representing the oncological societies of China (CSCO), Indonesia (ISHMO), India (ISMPO), Japan (JSMO), Korea (KSMO), Malaysia (MOS), the Philippines (PSMO), Singapore (SSO), Taiwan (TOS) and Thailand (TSCO), co-ordinated by ESMO and the Taiwan Oncology Society (TOS). The voting was based on scientific evidence and was independent of the current treatment practices, drug access restrictions and reimbursement decisions in the different regions of Asia. Drug access and reimbursement in the different regions of Asia are discussed separately in the manuscript. The aim is to provide guidance for the optimisation and harmonisation of the management of patients with BTC across the different countries and regions of Asia, drawing on the evidence provided by both Western and Asian trials, whilst respecting the differences in screening practices and molecular profiling, as well as age and stage at presentation. Attention is drawn to the disparity in the drug approvals and reimbursement strategies, between the different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-T Chen
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung; National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - A Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Toronto General Hospital, Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - C Hsu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei; Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei
| | - M-H Chen
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - E A Pangarsa
- Haematology Medical Oncology Division, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University/Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Max Institute of Cancer Care, Max Super Specialty Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India
| | - M Ikeda
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - J O Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C K Tan
- Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Thomson Hospital Kota Damansara, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - E Regala
- Clinical Division Building, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines
| | - D Tai
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Tanasanvimon
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok
| | - C Charoentum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - C E Chee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Lui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Metro Davao Medical and Research Center, Davao City; Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Philippines Medical Center, Davao City, The Philippines
| | - J Sow
- Department of Oncology, Curie Oncology Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - D-Y Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - M Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - A Ramaswamy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - W S Jeo
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - G Curigliano
- Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milano, IRCCS, Milano; Department of Oncology and Haematology, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - T Yoshino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - L-Y Bai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - N-J Chiang
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - A Cervantes
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia; CIBERONC. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J-S Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - M Ducreux
- INSERM U1279, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif; Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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Sutar AA, Dashpute RS, Shinde YD, Mukherjee S, Chowdhury C. A Systemic Review on Fitness and Survival of Salmonella in Dynamic Environment and Conceivable Ways of Its Mitigation. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:267-286. [PMID: 39011015 PMCID: PMC11246371 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastroenteritis caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella still prevails resulting in several recent outbreaks affecting many people worldwide. The presence of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella is exemplified by several characteristic symptoms and their severity relies on prominent risk factors. The persistence of this pathogen can be attributed to its broad host range, complex pathogenicity and virulence and adeptness in survival under challenging conditions inside the host. Moreover, a peculiar aid of the ever-changing climatic conditions grants this organism with remarkable potential to survive within the environment. Abusive use of antibiotics for the treatment of gastroenteritis has led to the emergence of multiple drug resistance, making the infections difficult to treat. This review emphasizes the importance of early detection of Salmonella, along with strategies for accomplishing it, as well as exploring alternative treatment approaches. The exceptional characteristics exhibited by Salmonella, like strategies of infection, persistence, and survival parallelly with multiple drug resistance, make this pathogen a prominent concern to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit A Sutar
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, MH 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Rohit S Dashpute
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, MH 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Yashodhara D Shinde
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, MH 411008 India
| | - Srestha Mukherjee
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, MH 411008 India
| | - Chiranjit Chowdhury
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, MH 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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5
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a substantial source of global morbidity and mortality in dire need of improved prevention and treatment strategies. As our understanding of CRC grows, it is becoming increasingly evident that the gut microbiota, consisting of trillions of microorganisms in direct interface with the colon, plays a substantial role in CRC development and progression. Understanding the roles that individual microorganisms and complex microbial communities play in CRC pathogenesis, along with their attendant mechanisms, will help yield novel preventive and therapeutic interventions for CRC. In this Review, we discuss recent evidence concerning global perturbations of the gut microbiota in CRC, associations of specific microorganisms with CRC, the underlying mechanisms by which microorganisms potentially drive CRC development and the roles of complex microbial communities in CRC pathogenesis. While our understanding of the relationship between the microbiota and CRC has improved in recent years, our findings highlight substantial gaps in current research that need to be filled before this knowledge can be used to the benefit of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell T White
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia L Sears
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Salerno-Goncalves R, Chen H, Bafford AC, Izquierdo M, Hormazábal JC, Lagos R, Tettelin H, D'Mello A, Booth JS, Fasano A, Levine MM, Sztein MB. Early host immune responses in a human organoid-derived gallbladder monolayer to Salmonella Typhi strains from patients with acute and chronic infections: a comparative analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1334762. [PMID: 38533492 PMCID: PMC10963533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1334762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), a human-restricted pathogen, invades the host through the gut to cause typhoid fever. Recent calculations of the typhoid fever burden estimated that more than 10 million new typhoid fever cases occur in low and middle-income countries, resulting in 65,400-187,700 deaths yearly. Interestingly, if not antibiotic-treated, upon the resolution of acute disease, 1%-5% of patients become asymptomatic chronic carriers. Chronically infected hosts are not only critical reservoirs of infection that transmit the disease to naive individuals but are also predisposed to developing gallbladder carcinoma. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms involved in the early interactions between gallbladder epithelial cells and S. Typhi remain largely unknown. Based on our previous studies showing that closely related S. Typhi strains elicit distinct innate immune responses, we hypothesized that host molecular pathways activated by S. Typhi strains derived from acutely and chronically infected patients would differ. To test this hypothesis, we used a novel human organoid-derived polarized gallbladder monolayer model, and S. Typhi strains derived from acutely and chronically infected patients. We found that S. Typhi strains derived from acutely and chronically infected patients differentially regulate host mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and S6 transcription factors. These variations might be attributed to differential cytokine signaling, predominantly via TNF-α and IL-6 production and appear to be influenced by the duration the isolate was subjected to selective pressures in the gallbladder. These findings represent a significant leap in understanding the complexities behind chronic S. Typhi infections in the gallbladder and may uncover potential intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosângela Salerno-Goncalves
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andrea C Bafford
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mariana Izquierdo
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Juan Carlos Hormazábal
- Seccion Bacteriologia, Subdepartamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Laboratorio Biomédico, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile (ISP), Santiago, Chile
| | - Rosanna Lagos
- Seccion Bacteriologia, Subdepartamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Laboratorio Biomédico, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile (ISP), Santiago, Chile
| | - Hervé Tettelin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Institute for Genome Sciences (IGS), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adonis D'Mello
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Institute for Genome Sciences (IGS), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jayaum S Booth
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Myron M Levine
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marcelo B Sztein
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Program in Oncology, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
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7
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Groß S, Bitzer M, Albert J, Blödt S, Boda-Heggemann J, Brunner T, Caspari R, De Toni E, Dombrowski F, Evert M, Follmann M, Freudenberger P, Gani C, Geier A, Gkika E, Götz M, Helmberger T, Hoffmann RT, Huppert P, Krug D, La Fougère C, Lang H, Langer T, Lenz P, Lüdde T, Mahnken A, Nadalin S, Nguyen HHP, Nothacker M, Ockenga J, Oldhafer K, Paprottka P, Pereira P, Persigehl T, Plentz R, Pohl J, Recken H, Reimer P, Riemer J, Ritterbusch U, Roeb E, Rüssel J, Schellhaas B, Schirmacher P, Schlitt HJ, Schmid I, Schuler A, Seehofer D, Sinn M, Stengel A, Steubesand N, Stoll C, Tannapfel A, Taubert A, Tholen R, Trojan J, van Thiel I, Vogel A, Vogl T, Wacker F, Waidmann O, Wedemeyer H, Wege H, Wildner D, Wörns MA, Galle P, Malek N. S3-Leitlinie „Diagnostik und Therapie biliärer Karzinome“ – Langversion 4.0. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2024; 62:e213-e282. [PMID: 38364849 DOI: 10.1055/a-2189-8567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Groß
- Abteilung für Gastroenterologie, Gastrointestinale Onkologie, Hepatologie, Infektiologie und Geriatrie, Eberhard-Karls Universität, Tübingen
| | - Michael Bitzer
- Abteilung für Gastroenterologie, Gastrointestinale Onkologie, Hepatologie, Infektiologie und Geriatrie, Eberhard-Karls Universität, Tübingen
| | - Jörg Albert
- Katharinenhospital, Klinik für Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Infektiologie und Pneumologie, Stuttgart
| | - Susanne Blödt
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften e. V. (AWMF), Berlin
| | | | - Thomas Brunner
- Universitätsklinik für Strahlentherapie-Radioonkologie, Medizinische Universität Graz
| | - Reiner Caspari
- Klinik Niederrhein, Erkrankungen des Stoffwechsels der Verdauungsorgane und Tumorerkrankungen, Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler
| | | | | | | | - Markus Follmann
- Office des Leitlinienprogrammes Onkologie, Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft e. V., Berlin
| | | | - Cihan Gani
- Klinik für Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - Andreas Geier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | - Eleni Gkika
- Klinik für Strahlenheilkunde, Department für Radiologische Diagnostik und Therapie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg
| | - Martin Götz
- Medizinische Klinik IV - Gastroenterologie/Onkologie, Klinikverbund Südwest, Böblingen
| | - Thomas Helmberger
- Institut für Radiologie, Neuroradiologie und minimal invasive Therapie, München Klinik Bogenhausen
| | - Ralf-Thorsten Hoffmann
- Institut und Poliklinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Dresden
| | - Peter Huppert
- Radiologisches Zentrum, Max Grundig Klinik, Bühlerhöhe
| | - David Krug
- Strahlentherapie Campus Kiel, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein
| | - Christian La Fougère
- Nuklearmedizin und Klinische Molekulare Bildgebung, Eberhard-Karls Universität, Tübingen
| | - Hauke Lang
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz
| | - Thomas Langer
- Office des Leitlinienprogrammes Onkologie, Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft e. V., Berlin
| | - Philipp Lenz
- Zentrale Einrichtung Palliativmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster
| | - Tom Lüdde
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf
| | - Andreas Mahnken
- Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Marburg
| | - Silvio Nadalin
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Eberhard-Karls Universität, Tübingen
| | | | - Monika Nothacker
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften e. V. (AWMF), Berlin
| | - Johann Ockenga
- Medizinische Klinik II, Gesundheit Nord, Klinikverbund Bremen
| | - Karl Oldhafer
- Klinik für Leber-, Gallenwegs- und Pankreaschirurgie, Asklepios Klinik Barmbek
| | - Philipp Paprottka
- Sektion für Interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München
| | - Philippe Pereira
- Zentrum für Radiologie, Minimal-invasive Therapien und Nuklearmedizin, SLK-Klinken Heilbronn
| | - Thorsten Persigehl
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Köln
| | - Ruben Plentz
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Gesundheit Nord, Klinikverbund Bremen
| | - Jürgen Pohl
- Abteilung für Gastroenterologie, Asklepios Klinik Altona
| | | | - Peter Reimer
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe
| | | | | | - Elke Roeb
- Medizinische Klinik II Pneumologie, Nephrologie und Gastroenterologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen
| | - Jörn Rüssel
- Medizinische Klinik IV Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale)
| | - Barbara Schellhaas
- Medizinische Klinik I Gastroenterologie, Pneumologie und Endokrinologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Allgemeine Pathologie und pathologische Anatomie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
| | - Hans J Schlitt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg
| | - Irene Schmid
- Kinderklinik und Kinderpoliklinik im Dr. von Haunerschen Kinderspital, LMU München
| | - Andreas Schuler
- Medizinische Klinik, Gastroenterologie, Alb-Fils-Kliniken, Geislingen an der Steige
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
| | - Marianne Sinn
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (Onkologie, Hämatologie, Knochenmarktransplantation mit Abteilung für Pneumologie), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Innere Medizin VI - Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Eberhard-Karls Universität, Tübingen
| | | | | | | | - Anne Taubert
- Klinische Sozialarbeit, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
| | - Reina Tholen
- Deutscher Bundesverband für Physiotherapie (ZVK) e. V
| | - Jörg Trojan
- Medizinische Klinik 1: Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Pneumologie und Allergologie, Endokrinologie und Diabetologie sowie Ernährungsmedizin, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt
| | | | - Arndt Vogel
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt
| | - Frank Wacker
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
| | | | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
| | - Henning Wege
- Klinik für Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Onkologie/Hämatologie, Gastroenterologie und Infektiologie, Klinikum Esslingen
| | - Dane Wildner
- Innere Medizin, Krankenhäuser Nürnberger Land GmbH, Standort Lauf
| | - Marcus-Alexander Wörns
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hämatologie und internistische Onkologie und Endokrinologie, Klinikum Dortmund
| | - Peter Galle
- 1. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Nephrologie, Rheumatologie, Infektiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz
| | - Nisar Malek
- Abteilung für Gastroenterologie, Gastrointestinale Onkologie, Hepatologie, Infektiologie und Geriatrie, Eberhard-Karls Universität, Tübingen
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8
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Thomas SC, Miller G, Li X, Saxena D. Getting off tract: contributions of intraorgan microbiota to cancer in extraintestinal organs. Gut 2023; 73:175-185. [PMID: 37918889 PMCID: PMC10842768 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal ecosystem has received the most attention when examining the contributions of the human microbiome to health and disease. This concentration of effort is logical due to the overwhelming abundance of microbes in the gut coupled with the relative ease of sampling compared with other organs. However, the intestines are intimately connected to multiple extraintestinal organs, providing an opportunity for homeostatic microbial colonisation and pathogenesis in organs traditionally thought to be sterile or only transiently harbouring microbiota. These habitats are challenging to sample, and their low microbial biomass among large amounts of host tissue can make study challenging. Nevertheless, recent findings have shown that many extraintestinal organs that are intimately linked to the gut harbour stable microbiomes, which are colonised from the gut in selective manners and have highlighted not just the influence of the bacteriome but that of the mycobiome and virome on oncogenesis and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Thomas
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - George Miller
- Cancer Center, Holy Name Medical Center, Teaneck, NJ, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deepak Saxena
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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9
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Asili P, Mirahmad M, Rezaei P, Mahdavi M, Larijani B, Tavangar SM. The Association of Oral Microbiome Dysbiosis with Gastrointestinal Cancers and Its Diagnostic Efficacy. J Gastrointest Cancer 2023; 54:1082-1101. [PMID: 36600023 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-022-00901-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The second leading mortality cause in the world is cancer, making it a critical issue that impacts human health. As a result, scientists are looking for novel biomarkers for cancer detection. The oral microbiome, made up of approximately 700 species-level taxa, is a significant source for discovering novel biomarkers. In this review, we aimed to prepare a summary of research that has investigated the association between the oral microbiome and gastrointestinal cancers. METHODS We searched online scientific datasets including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Eligibility criteria included human studies that reported abundances of the oral microbiome, or its diagnostic/prognostic performance in patients with gastrointestinal cancers. RESULTS Some phyla of the oral microbiome have a relationship with cancers. Some particular phyla of the oral microbiome that may be related to gastrointestinal cancers consist of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria. Changes in the abundances of Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, and Veillonella are correlated with carcinogenesis, and may be used for distinguishing cancer patients from healthy subjects. Oral, colorectal, pancreatic, and esophageal cancers are the most important cancers related to the oral microbiome. CONCLUSION The results of this study may help future research to select bacteria as an early diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of gastrointestinal cancer. Given the current state of our knowledge, additional research is required to comprehend the multiplex processes underlying the role of bacterial microbiota upon cancer progression and to characterize the complex microbiota-host interaction network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooria Asili
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mirahmad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Rezaei
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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He J, Nascakova Z, Leary P, Papa G, Valenta T, Basler K, Müller A. Inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene Apc synergizes with H. pylori to induce DNA damage in murine gastric stem and progenitor cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh0322. [PMID: 37967175 PMCID: PMC10651120 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is a major risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. The bacteria reside in close proximity to gastric surface mucous as well as stem and progenitor cells. Here, we take advantage of wild-type and genetically engineered murine gastric organoids and organoid-derived monolayers to study the cellular targets of H. pylori-induced DNA damage and replication stress and to explore possible interactions with preexisting gastric cancer driver mutations. We find using alkaline comet assay, single-molecule DNA fiber assays, and immunofluorescence microscopy of DNA repair foci that H. pylori induces transcription-dependent DNA damage in actively replicating, Leucine-rich-repeat containing G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 5 (Lgr5)-positive antral stem and progenitor cells and their Troy-positive corpus counterparts, but not in other gastric epithelial lineages. Infection-dependent DNA damage is aggravated by Apc inactivation, but not by Trp53 or Smad4 loss, or Erbb2 overexpression. Our data suggest that H. pylori induces DNA damage in stem and progenitor cells, especially in settings of hyperproliferation due to constitutively active Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhuo He
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zuzana Nascakova
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Leary
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Functional Genomics Center Zürich, University of Zürich/ETHZ, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Papa
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Valenta
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Konrad Basler
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Müller
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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11
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Ye C, Dong C, Lin Y, Shi H, Zhou W. Interplay between the Human Microbiome and Biliary Tract Cancer: Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapy. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2598. [PMID: 37894256 PMCID: PMC10608879 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancer, encompassing intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma as well as gallbladder carcinoma, stands as a prevalent malignancy characterized by escalating incidence rates and unfavorable prognoses. The onset of cholangiocarcinoma involves a multitude of risk factors and could potentially be influenced by microbial exposure. The human microbiome, encompassing the entirety of human microbial genetic information, assumes a pivotal role in regulating key aspects such as host digestion, absorption, immune responses, and metabolism. The widespread application of next-generation sequencing technology has notably propelled investigations into the intricate relationship between the microbiome and diseases. An accumulating body of evidence strongly suggests a profound interconnection between biliary tract cancer and the human microbiome. This article critically appraises the existing evidence pertaining to the microbiome milieu within patients afflicted by biliary tract cancer. Furthermore, it delves into potential mechanisms through which dysregulation of the human microbiome could contribute to the advancement of biliary tract cancer. Additionally, the article expounds on its role in the context of chemotherapy and immunotherapy for biliary tract cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ye
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (C.Y.); (C.D.); (Y.L.); (H.S.)
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chunlu Dong
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (C.Y.); (C.D.); (Y.L.); (H.S.)
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanyan Lin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (C.Y.); (C.D.); (Y.L.); (H.S.)
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Huaqing Shi
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (C.Y.); (C.D.); (Y.L.); (H.S.)
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wence Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (C.Y.); (C.D.); (Y.L.); (H.S.)
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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12
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Nasiri K, Amiri Moghaddam M, Etajuri EA, Badkoobeh A, Tavakol O, Rafinejad M, Forutan Mirhosseini A, Fathi A. Periodontitis and progression of gastrointestinal cancer: current knowledge and future perspective. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:2801-2811. [PMID: 37036595 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a polymicrobial disorder caused by dysbiosis. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingivalis) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F.nucleatum) are pathobiont related to periodontitis pathogenesis and were found to be abundant in the intestinal mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Besides, periodontal infections have been found in a variety of tissues and organs, indicating that periodontitis is not just an inflammation limited to the oral cavity. Considering the possible translocation of pathobiont from the oral cavity to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, this study aimed to review the published articles in this field to provide a comprehensive view of the existing knowledge about the relationship between periodontitis and GI malignancies by focusing on the oral/gut axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Nasiri
- Department of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Amiri Moghaddam
- Department of Periodontics, Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Enas Abdalla Etajuri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ashkan Badkoobeh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Omid Tavakol
- Department of Prosthodontics, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Amirhossein Fathi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Materials Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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13
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Lederer AK, Rasel H, Kohnert E, Kreutz C, Huber R, Badr MT, Dellweg PKE, Bartsch F, Lang H. Gut Microbiota in Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis of Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Carcinoma-A Scoping Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2363. [PMID: 37764207 PMCID: PMC10538110 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers of the biliary tract are more common in Asia than in Europe, but are highly lethal due to delayed diagnosis and aggressive tumor biology. Since the biliary tract is in direct contact with the gut via the enterohepatic circulation, this suggests a potential role of gut microbiota, but to date, the role of gut microbiota in biliary tract cancers has not been elucidated. This scoping review compiles recent data on the associations between the gut microbiota and diagnosis, progression and prognosis of biliary tract cancer patients. Systematic review of the literature yielded 154 results, of which 12 studies and one systematic review were eligible for evaluation. The analyses of microbiota diversity indices were inconsistent across the included studies. In-depth analyses revealed differences between gut microbiota of biliary tract cancer patients and healthy controls, but without a clear tendency towards particular species in the studies. Additionally, most of the studies showed methodological flaws, for example non-controlling of factors that affect gut microbiota. At the current stage, there is a lack of evidence to support a general utility of gut microbiota diagnostics in biliary tract cancers. Therefore, no recommendation can be made at this time to include gut microbiota analyses in the management of biliary tract cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Lederer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Rasel
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Kohnert
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBI), Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Kreutz
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics (IMBI), Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roman Huber
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mohamed Tarek Badr
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Patricia K. E. Dellweg
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabian Bartsch
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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14
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Zhao LY, Mei JX, Yu G, Lei L, Zhang WH, Liu K, Chen XL, Kołat D, Yang K, Hu JK. Role of the gut microbiota in anticancer therapy: from molecular mechanisms to clinical applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:201. [PMID: 37179402 PMCID: PMC10183032 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past period, due to the rapid development of next-generation sequencing technology, accumulating evidence has clarified the complex role of the human microbiota in the development of cancer and the therapeutic response. More importantly, available evidence seems to indicate that modulating the composition of the gut microbiota to improve the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs may be feasible. However, intricate complexities exist, and a deep and comprehensive understanding of how the human microbiota interacts with cancer is critical to realize its full potential in cancer treatment. The purpose of this review is to summarize the initial clues on molecular mechanisms regarding the mutual effects between the gut microbiota and cancer development, and to highlight the relationship between gut microbes and the efficacy of immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and cancer surgery, which may provide insights into the formulation of individualized therapeutic strategies for cancer management. In addition, the current and emerging microbial interventions for cancer therapy as well as their clinical applications are summarized. Although many challenges remain for now, the great importance and full potential of the gut microbiota cannot be overstated for the development of individualized anti-cancer strategies, and it is necessary to explore a holistic approach that incorporates microbial modulation therapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Xin Mei
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Han Zhang
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Long Chen
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Damian Kołat
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jian-Kun Hu
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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15
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Wright RJ, Pewarchuk ME, Marshall EA, Murrary B, Rosin MP, Laronde DM, Zhang L, Lam WL, Langille MGI, Rock LD. Exploring the microbiome of oral epithelial dysplasia as a predictor of malignant progression. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:206. [PMID: 37024828 PMCID: PMC10080811 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research associates the oral microbiome and oral cancer. Well-characterized clinical samples with outcome data are required to establish relevant associations between the microbiota and disease. The objective of this study was to characterize the community variations and the functional implications of the microbiome in low-grade oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing from annotated archival swabs in progressing (P) and non-progressing (NP) OED. We characterised the microbial community in 90 OED samples - 30 swabs from low-grade OED that progressed to cancer (cases) and 60 swabs from low-grade OED that did not progress after a minimum of 5 years of follow up (matched control subjects). There were small but significant differences between P and NP samples in terms of alpha diversity as well as beta diversity in conjunction with other clinical factors such as age and smoking status for both taxa and functional predictions. Across all samples, the most abundant genus was Streptococcus, followed by Haemophilus, Rothia, and Neisseria. Taxa and predicted functions were identified that were significantly differentially abundant with progression status (all Ps and NPs), when samples were grouped broadly by the number of years between sampling and progression or in specific time to progression for Ps only. However, these differentially abundant features were typically present only at low abundances. For example, Campylobacter was present in slightly higher abundance in Ps (1.72%) than NPs (1.41%) and this difference was significant when Ps were grouped by time to progression. Furthermore, several of the significantly differentially abundant functions were linked to the Campylobacteraceae family in Ps and may justify further investigation. Larger cohort studies to further explore the microbiome as a potential biomarker of risk in OED are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn J Wright
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
| | - Michelle E Pewarchuk
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Erin A Marshall
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Benjamin Murrary
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Miriam P Rosin
- Department of Cancer Control Research, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Denise M Laronde
- Department of Cancer Control Research, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lewei Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Oral Biopsy Service, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Wan L Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Morgan G I Langille
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Canada
| | - Leigha D Rock
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, QEII Hospital, Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Canada
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16
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Bitzer M, Groß S, Albert J, Boda-Heggemann J, Brunner T, Caspari R, De Toni E, Dombrowski F, Evert M, Geier A, Gkika E, Götz M, Helmberger T, Hoffmann RT, Huppert P, Kautz A, Krug D, Fougère CL, Lang H, Lenz P, Lüdde T, Mahnken A, Nadalin S, Nguyen HHP, Ockenga J, Oldhafer K, Paprottka P, Pereira P, Persigehl T, Plentz R, Pohl J, Recken H, Reimer P, Riemer J, Ritterbusch U, Roeb E, Rüssel J, Schellhaas B, Schirmacher P, Schlitt HJ, Schmid I, Schuler A, Seehofer D, Sinn M, Stengel A, Stoll C, Tannapfel A, Taubert A, Tholen R, Trojan J, van Thiel I, Vogel A, Vogl T, Wacker F, Waidmann O, Wedemeyer H, Wege H, Wildner D, Wörns MA, Galle P, Malek N. S3-Leitlinie Diagnostik und Therapie biliärer Karzinome. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2023; 61:420-440. [PMID: 37040777 DOI: 10.1055/a-2026-1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bitzer
- Abteilung für Gastroenterologie, Gastrointestinale Onkologie, Hepatologie, Infektiologie und Geriatrie, Eberhard-Karls Universität, Tübingen
| | - Sabrina Groß
- Abteilung für Gastroenterologie, Gastrointestinale Onkologie, Hepatologie, Infektiologie und Geriatrie, Eberhard-Karls Universität, Tübingen
| | - Jörg Albert
- Katharinenhospital, Klinik für Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Infektiologie und Pneumologie, Stuttgart
| | | | - Thomas Brunner
- Universitätsklinik für Strahlentherapie-Radioonkologie, Medizinische Universität Graz
| | - Reiner Caspari
- Klinik Niederrhein Erkrankungen des Stoffwechsels der Verdauungsorgane und Tumorerkrankungen, Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler
| | | | | | | | - Andreas Geier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | - Eleni Gkika
- Klinik für Strahlenheilkunde, Department für Radiologische Diagnostik und Therapie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg
| | - Martin Götz
- Medizinische Klinik IV - Gastroenterologie/Onkologie, Klinikverbund Südwest, Böblingen
| | - Thomas Helmberger
- Institut für Radiologie, Neuroradiologie und minimal invasive Therapie, München Klinik Bogenhausen
| | - Ralf-Thorsten Hoffmann
- Institut und Poliklinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Dresden
| | - Peter Huppert
- Radiologisches Zentrum, Max Grundig Klinik, Bühlerhöhe
| | | | - David Krug
- Strahlentherapie Campus Kiel, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein
| | - Christian La Fougère
- Nuklearmedizin und Klinische Molekulare Bildgebung, Eberhard-Karls Universität, Tübingen
| | - Hauke Lang
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz
| | - Philipp Lenz
- Zentrale Einrichtung Palliativmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster
| | - Tom Lüdde
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf
| | - Andreas Mahnken
- Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Marburg
| | - Silvio Nadalin
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschrirugie, Eberhard-Karls Universität, Tübingen
| | | | - Johann Ockenga
- Medizinische Klinik II, Gesundheit Nord, Klinikverbund Bremen
| | - Karl Oldhafer
- Klinik für Leber-, Gallenwegs- und Pankreaschirurgie, Asklepios Klinik Barmbek
| | - Philipp Paprottka
- Sektion für Interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München
| | - Philippe Pereira
- Zentrum für Radiologie, Minimal-invasive Therapien und Nuklearmedizin, SLK-Klinken Heilbronn
| | - Thorsten Persigehl
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Köln
| | - Ruben Plentz
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Gesundheit Nord, Klinikverbund Bremen
| | - Jürgen Pohl
- Abteilung für Gastroenterologie, Asklepios Klinik Altona
| | | | - Peter Reimer
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe
| | | | | | - Elke Roeb
- Medizinische Klinik II Pneumologie, Nephrologie und Gastroenterologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen
| | - Jörn Rüssel
- Medizinische Klinik IV Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale)
| | - Barbara Schellhaas
- Medizinische Klinik I Gastroenterologie, Pneumologie und Endokrinologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Allgemeine Pathologie und pathologische Anatomie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
| | | | - Irene Schmid
- Kinderklinik und Kinderpoliklinik im Dr. von Haunerschen Kinderspital, LMU München
| | - Andreas Schuler
- Medizinische Klinik, Gastroenterologie, Alb-Fils-Kliniken, Geislingen an der Steige
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
| | - Marianne Sinn
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (Onkologie, Hämatologie, Knochenmarktransplantation mit Abteilung für Pneumologie), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Innere Medizin VI - Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Eberhard-Karls Universität, Tübingen
| | | | | | - Anne Taubert
- Klinische Sozialarbeit, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
| | - Reina Tholen
- Deutscher Bundesverband für Physiotherapie (ZVK) e. V
| | - Jörg Trojan
- Medizinische Klinik 1: Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Pneumologie und Allergologie, Endokrinologie und Diabetologie sowie Ernährungsmedizin, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt
| | | | - Arndt Vogel
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt
| | - Frank Wacker
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
| | | | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
| | - Henning Wege
- Klinik für Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Onkologie/Hämatologie, Gastroenterologie und Infektiologie, Klinikum Esslingen
| | - Dane Wildner
- Innere Medizin, Krankenhäuser Nürnberger Land GmbH, Standort Lauf
| | - Marcus-Alexander Wörns
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hämatologie und internistische Onkologie und Endokrinologie, Klinikum Dortmund
| | - Peter Galle
- 1. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Nephrologie, Rheumatologie, Infektiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz
| | - Nisar Malek
- Abteilung für Gastroenterologie, Gastrointestinale Onkologie, Hepatologie, Infektiologie und Geriatrie, Eberhard-Karls Universität, Tübingen
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17
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Xu S, Xiong Y, Fu B, Guo D, Sha Z, Lin X, Wu H. Bacteria and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1115556. [PMID: 36825088 PMCID: PMC9941202 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1115556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and microbial infections are significant worldwide health challenges. Numerous studies have demonstrated that bacteria may contribute to the emergence of cancer. In this review, we assemble bacterial species discovered in various cancers to describe their variety and specificity. The relationship between bacteria and macrophages in cancer is also highlighted, and we look for ample proof to establish a biological basis for bacterial-induced macrophage polarization. Finally, we quickly go over the potential roles of metabolites, cytokines, and microRNAs in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment by bacterially activated macrophages. The complexity of bacteria and macrophages in cancer will be revealed as we gain a better understanding of their pathogenic mechanisms, which will lead to new therapeutic approaches for both inflammatory illnesses and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beibei Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Sha
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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18
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Rathore A, Pathak A, Ranjan S, Sud R, Shivshankara MS, Pandaya T, Arvind P, Singh VP, Nikhil P, Guleria B. A clinicoepidemiological and management profile of metastatic carcinoma gallbladder in the northeast part of Indian patients in a tertiary care center. J Cancer Res Ther 2022; 18:S428-S433. [PMID: 36510998 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1213_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Metastatic gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly fatal malignancy and it is difficult to treat the advanced stage of GBC. In India, northern and northeastern states are the worst affected by this disease. We, hereby, report the clinicoepidemiological and management profile of 242 patients of metastatic carcinoma of GB. Materials and Methods In this study, a total of 242 cases of metastatic GBC (detected either on the first presentation or during follow-up) were managed at the Department of Medical Oncology tertiary care oncology center in the northeast part of India from May 2018 to September 2019. On presentation, all patients were subjected to detailed history and clinical examination, followed by requisite investigations and were treated as per the existent guidelines. Results One-hundred and forty-two patients were female, while 100 patients were male out of 242 patients. Female patients with metastatic GBC presented with the mean age of 54, while for males, 51.4 years. The most common presentation was pain abdomen (81.8%), while the second most common was anorexia (77.2%), followed by weight loss (62.8%) and mass per abdomen (60.7%). The most common site of metastasis recorded in our study was the liver (79.7%), followed by nonregional abdominal lymph node (69.4%) and ascites (64.4%). Out of the 242 patients, 24 patients had presented in poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (≥3) hence were deemed unfit for any oncological interventions. About 136 (56.1%) patients had presented with features of obstructive jaundice, however only 108 patients were subjected to biliary drainage procedure. After the biliary drainage procedures, only one-third (38 out of 136; 35.1%) of patients were finally able to receive chemotherapy. Conclusion In India, unfortunately, many patients present very late during the course of their illness. There is a need for the development of effective chemotherapy or targeted therapy and also there is an unmet need for patients' education. There has been an increase in the incidence of this malignancy, especially in the Northeast part of India; hence, it is the need of the hour to study various epidemiological and causative factors of the disease. Furthermore, the development of therapies for the effective management of this malignancy is really required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvesh Rathore
- Department of Medical Oncology, Army Hospital (Research and Referral), Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Pathak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Command Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhash Ranjan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Command Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Rahul Sud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Command Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - M S Shivshankara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Army Hospital (Research and Referral), Delhi, India
| | - Tejas Pandaya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Command Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Prince Arvind
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Command Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - V P Singh
- Department of Surgical oncology Oncology, Command Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - P Nikhil
- Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, India
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19
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Halaseh SA, Halaseh S, Shakman R. A Review of the Etiology and Epidemiology of Gallbladder Cancer: What You Need to Know. Cureus 2022; 14:e28260. [PMID: 36158346 PMCID: PMC9491243 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the sixth most prevalent cancer of the gastrointestinal system but the most prevalent cancer of the biliary tract. This tumor is a highly fatal condition. The importance of early diagnosis cannot be overstated because GBC develops quietly with late detection. Several genetic and environmental variables have been associated with the onset of GBC. Cholelithiasis and chronic inflammation from the biliary tract and parasite infections are prime examples of environmental factors that significantly influence the development of GBC. Abnormal pancreaticobiliary duct junction and biliary cysts are examples of congenital causes. In the past decade, new imaging technologies and a more radical and aggressive surgical approach have improved patient outcomes and aided prolonged survival for GBC patients. This review article focuses on the epidemiology of GBC, its risk factors, and clinical characteristics.
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20
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Gupta S, Allegretti JR. Mimics of Crohn's Disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2022; 51:241-269. [PMID: 35595413 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that can affect any portion of the gastrointestinal tract. Associated symptoms can vary based on the severity of disease, extent of involvement, presence of extraintestinal manifestations, and development of complications. Diagnosis is based on a constellation of findings. Many diseases can mimic Crohn's disease and lead to diagnostic conundrums. These include entities associated with the gastrointestinal luminal tract, vascular disease, autoimmune processes, various infections, malignancies and complications, drug- or treatment-induced conditions, and genetic diseases. Careful consideration of possible causes is necessary to establish the correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchit Gupta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 850 Boyslton Street, Suite 201, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jessica R Allegretti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 850 Boyslton Street, Suite 201, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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21
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Anipindi M, Bitetto D. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Uses of the Microbiome in the Field of Oncology. Cureus 2022; 14:e24890. [PMID: 35698690 PMCID: PMC9184241 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and it can affect almost every part of the human body. Effective screening and early diagnosis of cancers is extremely difficult due to the multifactorial etiology of the disease and delayed presentation of the patients. The available treatments are usually not specific to the affected organ system, leading to intolerable systemic side effects and early withdrawal from therapies. In vivo and in vitro studies have revealed an association of specific microbiome signatures with individual cancers. The cancer-related human microbiome has also been shown to affect the response of tissues to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation. This is an excellent opportunity for us to design specific screening markers using the microbiome to prevent cancers and diagnose them early. We can also develop precise treatments that can target cancer-affected specific organ systems and probably use a lesser dose of chemotherapy or radiation for the same effect. This prevents adverse effects and early cessation of treatments. However, we need further studies to exactly clarify and characterize these associations. In this review article, we focus on the association of the microbiome with individual cancers and highlight its future role in cancer screenings, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa Anipindi
- Internal Medicine, Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, East Norriton, USA
| | - Daniel Bitetto
- Internal Medicine, Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, East Norriton, USA
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22
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Wheatley RC, Kilgour E, Jacobs T, Lamarca A, Hubner RA, Valle JW, McNamara MG. Potential influence of the microbiome environment in patients with biliary tract cancer and implications for therapy. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:693-705. [PMID: 34663949 PMCID: PMC8888758 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01583-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers, including intra- and extra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma as well as gallbladder cancer, are associated with poor prognosis and the majority of patients present with advanced-stage, non-resectable disease at diagnosis. Biliary tract cancer may develop through an accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations and can be influenced by microbial exposure. Furthermore, the liver and biliary tract are exposed to the gastrointestinal microbiome through the gut-liver axis. The availability of next-generation sequencing technology has led to an increase in studies investigating the relationship between microbiota and human disease. In particular, the interplay between the microbiome, the tumour micro-environment and response to systemic therapy is a prospering area of interest. Given the poor outcomes for patients with biliary tract cancer, this emerging field of research, through which new biomarkers may be identified, offers potential as a tool for early diagnosis, prognostication or even as a future therapeutic target. This review summarises the available evidence on the microbiome environment in patients with biliary tract cancer, including a discussion around confounding factors, implications for therapy and proposed future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseanna C Wheatley
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Elaine Kilgour
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Timothy Jacobs
- The Library, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Angela Lamarca
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard A Hubner
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Juan W Valle
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Mairéad G McNamara
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
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23
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Hu ZI, Lim KH. Evolving Paradigms in the Systemic Treatment of Advanced Gallbladder Cancer: Updates in Year 2022. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1249. [PMID: 35267556 PMCID: PMC8909874 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a biological, anatomical, and clinically distinct subset of biliary tract cancers (BTC), which also include extra- and intra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) clearly shows that GBC is genetically different from cholangiocarcinoma. Although GBC is a relatively rare cancer, it is highly aggressive and carries a grave prognosis. To date, complete surgical resection remains the only path for cure but is limited to patients with early-stage disease. The majority of the patients are diagnosed at an advanced, inoperable stage when systemic treatment is administered as an attempt to enable surgery or for palliation. Gemcitabine and platinum-based chemotherapies have been the main treatment modality for unresectable, locally advanced, and metastatic gallbladder cancer. However, over the past decade, the treatment paradigm has evolved. These include the introduction of newer chemotherapeutic strategies after progression on frontline chemotherapy, incorporation of targeted therapeutics towards driver mutations of genes including HER2, FGFR, BRAF, as well as approaches to unleash host anti-tumor immunity using immune checkpoint inhibitors. Notably, due to the rarity of BTC in general, most clinical trials included both GBC and cholangiocarcinomas. Here, we provide a review on the pathogenesis of GBC, past and current systemic treatment options focusing specifically on GBC, clinical trials tailored towards its genetic mutations, and emerging treatment strategies based on promising recent clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kian-Huat Lim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and The Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
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24
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Bitzer M, Voesch S, Albert J, Bartenstein P, Bechstein W, Blödt S, Brunner T, Dombrowski F, Evert M, Follmann M, La Fougère C, Freudenberger P, Geier A, Gkika E, Götz M, Hammes E, Helmberger T, Hoffmann RT, Hofmann WP, Huppert P, Kautz A, Knötgen G, Körber J, Krug D, Lammert F, Lang H, Langer T, Lenz P, Mahnken A, Meining A, Micke O, Nadalin S, Nguyen HP, Ockenga J, Oldhafer K, Paprottka P, Paradies K, Pereira P, Persigehl T, Plauth M, Plentz R, Pohl J, Riemer J, Reimer P, Ringwald J, Ritterbusch U, Roeb E, Schellhaas B, Schirmacher P, Schmid I, Schuler A, von Schweinitz D, Seehofer D, Sinn M, Stein A, Stengel A, Steubesand N, Stoll C, Tannapfel A, Taubert A, Trojan J, van Thiel I, Tholen R, Vogel A, Vogl T, Vorwerk H, Wacker F, Waidmann O, Wedemeyer H, Wege H, Wildner D, Wittekind C, Wörns MA, Galle P, Malek N. S3-Leitlinie: Diagnostik und Therapie biliärer Karzinome. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2022; 60:219-238. [PMID: 35148562 DOI: 10.1055/a-1589-7638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Bitzer
- Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - S Voesch
- Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - J Albert
- Abteilung für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart
| | - P Bartenstein
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, LMU Klinikum, München
| | - W Bechstein
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Transplantations- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt
| | - S Blödt
- AWMF-Geschäftsstelle, Berlin
| | - T Brunner
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg
| | - F Dombrowski
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald
| | - M Evert
- Institut für Pathologie, Regensburg
| | - M Follmann
- Office des Leitlinienprogrammes Onkologie, c/o Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft e.V., Berlin
| | - C La Fougère
- Nuklearmedizin und Klinische Molekulare Bildgebung, Tübingen
| | | | - A Geier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | - E Gkika
- Klinik für Strahlenheilkunde, Department für Radiologische Diagnostik und Therapie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg
| | | | - E Hammes
- Lebertransplantierte Deutschland e. V., Ansbach
| | - T Helmberger
- Institut für Radiologie, Neuroradiologie und minimal-invasive Therapie, München Klinik Bogenhausen, München
| | - R T Hoffmann
- Institut und Poliklinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Dresden
| | - W P Hofmann
- Gastroenterologie am Bayerischen Platz, medizinisches Versorgungszentrum, Berlin
| | - P Huppert
- Radiologisches Zentrum, Max Grundig Klinik, Bühl
| | - A Kautz
- Deutsche Leberhilfe e.V., Köln
| | - G Knötgen
- Konferenz onkologischer Kranken- und Kinderkrankenpflege, Hamburg
| | - J Körber
- Klinik Nahetal, Fachklinik für onkologische Rehabilitation und Anschlussrehabilitation, Bad Kreuznach
| | - D Krug
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel
| | | | - H Lang
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral und Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
| | - T Langer
- Office des Leitlinienprogrammes Onkologie, c/o Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft e.V., Berlin
| | - P Lenz
- Universitätsklinikum Münster, Zentrale Einrichtung Palliativmedizin, Münster
| | - A Mahnken
- Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH, Marburg
| | - A Meining
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg
| | - O Micke
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Franziskus Hospital Bielefeld
| | - S Nadalin
- Universitätsklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | | | - J Ockenga
- Medizinische Klinik II, Klinikum Bremen-Mitte, Bremen
| | - K Oldhafer
- Klinik für Leber-, Gallenwegs- und Pankreaschirurgie, Semmelweis Universität, Asklepios Campus Hamburg
| | - P Paprottka
- Abteilung für interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München
| | - K Paradies
- Konferenz onkologischer Kranken- und Kinderkrankenpflege, Hamburg
| | - P Pereira
- Abteilung für interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München
| | - T Persigehl
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Köln
| | | | - R Plentz
- Klinikum Bremen-Nord, Innere Medizin, Bremen
| | - J Pohl
- Interventionelles Endoskopiezentrum und Schwerpunkt Gastrointestinale Onkologie, Asklepios Klinik Altona, Hamburg
| | - J Riemer
- Lebertransplantierte Deutschland e. V., Bretzfeld
| | - P Reimer
- Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe gGmbH, Karlsruhe
| | - J Ringwald
- Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | | | - E Roeb
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH, Gießen
| | - B Schellhaas
- Medizinische Klinik I, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen
| | - P Schirmacher
- Pathologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
| | - I Schmid
- Zentrum Pädiatrische Hämatologie und Onkologie, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Klinikum der Universität München
| | - A Schuler
- Medizinische Klinik, Alb Fils Kliniken GmbH, Göppingen
| | | | - D Seehofer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
| | - M Sinn
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - A Stein
- Hämatologisch-Onkologischen Praxis Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - A Stengel
- Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | | | - C Stoll
- Klinik Herzoghöhe Bayreuth, Bayreuth
| | - A Tannapfel
- Institut für Pathologie der Ruhr-Universität Bochum am Berufsgenossenschaftlichen Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil, Bochum
| | - A Taubert
- Kliniksozialdienst, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Bochum
| | - J Trojan
- Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main
| | | | - R Tholen
- Deutscher Verband für Physiotherapie e. V., Köln
| | - A Vogel
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Endokrinologie der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, Hannover
| | - T Vogl
- Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Frankfurt
| | - H Vorwerk
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH, Marburg
| | - F Wacker
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, Hannover
| | - O Waidmann
- Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main
| | - H Wedemeyer
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover
| | - H Wege
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - D Wildner
- Innere Medizin, Krankenhäuser Nürnberger Land GmbH, Lauf an der Pegnitz
| | - C Wittekind
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig
| | - M A Wörns
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Mainz, Mainz
| | - P Galle
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Mainz, Mainz
| | - N Malek
- Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen
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Bitzer M, Voesch S, Albert J, Bartenstein P, Bechstein W, Blödt S, Brunner T, Dombrowski F, Evert M, Follmann M, La Fougère C, Freudenberger P, Geier A, Gkika E, Götz M, Hammes E, Helmberger T, Hoffmann RT, Hofmann WP, Huppert P, Kautz A, Knötgen G, Körber J, Krug D, Lammert F, Lang H, Langer T, Lenz P, Mahnken A, Meining A, Micke O, Nadalin S, Nguyen HP, Ockenga J, Oldhafer K, Paprottka P, Paradies K, Pereira P, Persigehl T, Plauth M, Plentz R, Pohl J, Riemer J, Reimer P, Ringwald J, Ritterbusch U, Roeb E, Schellhaas B, Schirmacher P, Schmid I, Schuler A, von Schweinitz D, Seehofer D, Sinn M, Stein A, Stengel A, Steubesand N, Stoll C, Tannapfel A, Taubert A, Trojan J, van Thiel I, Tholen R, Vogel A, Vogl T, Vorwerk H, Wacker F, Waidmann O, Wedemeyer H, Wege H, Wildner D, Wittekind C, Wörns MA, Galle P, Malek N. S3-Leitlinie – Diagnostik und Therapie biliärer Karzinome. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2022; 60:e186-e227. [PMID: 35148560 DOI: 10.1055/a-1589-7854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Bitzer
- Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - S Voesch
- Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - J Albert
- Abteilung für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart
| | - P Bartenstein
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, LMU Klinikum, München
| | - W Bechstein
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Transplantations- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt
| | - S Blödt
- AWMF-Geschäftsstelle, Berlin
| | - T Brunner
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg
| | - F Dombrowski
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald
| | - M Evert
- Institut für Pathologie, Regensburg
| | - M Follmann
- Office des Leitlinienprogrammes Onkologie, c/o Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft e.V., Berlin
| | - C La Fougère
- Nuklearmedizin und Klinische Molekulare Bildgebung, Tübingen
| | | | - A Geier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | - E Gkika
- Klinik für Strahlenheilkunde, Department für Radiologische Diagnostik und Therapie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg
| | | | - E Hammes
- Lebertransplantierte Deutschland e. V., Ansbach
| | - T Helmberger
- Institut für Radiologie, Neuroradiologie und minimal-invasive Therapie, München Klinik Bogenhausen, München
| | - R T Hoffmann
- Institut und Poliklinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Dresden
| | - W P Hofmann
- Gastroenterologie am Bayerischen Platz, medizinisches Versorgungszentrum, Berlin
| | - P Huppert
- Radiologisches Zentrum, Max Grundig Klinik, Bühl
| | - A Kautz
- Deutsche Leberhilfe e.V., Köln
| | - G Knötgen
- Konferenz onkologischer Kranken- und Kinderkrankenpflege, Hamburg
| | - J Körber
- Klinik Nahetal, Fachklinik für onkologische Rehabilitation und Anschlussrehabilitation, Bad Kreuznach
| | - D Krug
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel
| | | | - H Lang
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral und Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
| | - T Langer
- Office des Leitlinienprogrammes Onkologie, c/o Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft e.V., Berlin
| | - P Lenz
- Universitätsklinikum Münster, Zentrale Einrichtung Palliativmedizin, Münster
| | - A Mahnken
- Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH, Marburg
| | - A Meining
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg
| | - O Micke
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Franziskus Hospital Bielefeld
| | - S Nadalin
- Universitätsklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | | | - J Ockenga
- Medizinische Klinik II, Klinikum Bremen-Mitte, Bremen
| | - K Oldhafer
- Klinik für Leber-, Gallenwegs- und Pankreaschirurgie, Semmelweis Universität, Asklepios Campus Hamburg
| | - P Paprottka
- Abteilung für interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München
| | - K Paradies
- Konferenz onkologischer Kranken- und Kinderkrankenpflege, Hamburg
| | - P Pereira
- Abteilung für interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München
| | - T Persigehl
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Köln
| | | | - R Plentz
- Klinikum Bremen-Nord, Innere Medizin, Bremen
| | - J Pohl
- Interventionelles Endoskopiezentrum und Schwerpunkt Gastrointestinale Onkologie, Asklepios Klinik Altona, Hamburg
| | - J Riemer
- Lebertransplantierte Deutschland e. V., Bretzfeld
| | - P Reimer
- Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe gGmbH, Karlsruhe
| | - J Ringwald
- Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | | | - E Roeb
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH, Gießen
| | - B Schellhaas
- Medizinische Klinik I, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen
| | - P Schirmacher
- Pathologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
| | - I Schmid
- Zentrum Pädiatrische Hämatologie und Onkologie, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Klinikum der Universität München
| | - A Schuler
- Medizinische Klinik, Alb Fils Kliniken GmbH, Göppingen
| | | | - D Seehofer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
| | - M Sinn
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - A Stein
- Hämatologisch-Onkologischen Praxis Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - A Stengel
- Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | | | - C Stoll
- Klinik Herzoghöhe Bayreuth, Bayreuth
| | - A Tannapfel
- Institut für Pathologie der Ruhr-Universität Bochum am Berufsgenossenschaftlichen Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil, Bochum
| | - A Taubert
- Kliniksozialdienst, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Bochum
| | - J Trojan
- Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main
| | | | - R Tholen
- Deutscher Verband für Physiotherapie e. V., Köln
| | - A Vogel
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Endokrinologie der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, Hannover
| | - T Vogl
- Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Frankfurt
| | - H Vorwerk
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH, Marburg
| | - F Wacker
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, Hannover
| | - O Waidmann
- Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main
| | - H Wedemeyer
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover
| | - H Wege
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - D Wildner
- Innere Medizin, Krankenhäuser Nürnberger Land GmbH, Lauf an der Pegnitz
| | - C Wittekind
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig
| | - M A Wörns
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Mainz, Mainz
| | - P Galle
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Mainz, Mainz
| | - N Malek
- Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen
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Environmental and Lifestyle Risk Factors in the Carcinogenesis of Gallbladder Cancer. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020234. [PMID: 35207722 PMCID: PMC8877116 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive neoplasm that in an early stage is generally asymptomatic and, in most cases, is diagnosed in advanced stages with a very low life expectancy because there is no curative treatment. Therefore, understanding the early carcinogenic mechanisms of this pathology is crucial to proposing preventive strategies for this cancer. The main risk factor is the presence of gallstones, which are associated with some environmental factors such as a sedentary lifestyle and a high-fat diet. Other risk factors such as autoimmune disorders and bacterial, parasitic and fungal infections have also been described. All these factors can generate a long-term inflammatory state characterized by the persistent activation of the immune system, the frequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the constant production of reactive oxygen species that result in a chronic damage/repair cycle, subsequently inducing the loss of the normal architecture of the gallbladder mucosa that leads to the development of GBC. This review addresses how the different risk factors could promote a chronic inflammatory state essential to the development of gallbladder carcinogenesis, which will make it possible to define some strategies such as anti-inflammatory drugs or public health proposals in the prevention of GBC.
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Prieto-Ortiz RG, Borráez-Segura BA, Prieto-Ortiz JE, Guevara-Cruz ÓA. Cáncer de vesícula biliar, una visión actual. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CIRUGÍA 2022. [DOI: 10.30944/20117582.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. El diagnóstico de cáncer de vesícula biliar se realiza generalmente de forma incidental durante el estudio de las piezas quirúrgicas o cuando la enfermedad está avanzada y se expresa por su diseminación. Muy pocas veces se diagnostica de forma preoperatoria. Corresponde a la neoplasia más común de las vías biliares y su incidencia varía de acuerdo a la región geográfica. La región andina en Latinoamérica presenta una de las mayores incidencias a nivel mundial.
Métodos. Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura, para presentar una información actualizada en lo referente a los factores de riesgo (incluyendo las alteraciones genéticas y moleculares), al diagnóstico y al tratamiento de esta patología. Basados en los datos actuales, presentamos algunas recomendaciones dirigidas al diagnóstico temprano, que permita un manejo más adecuado de nuestros pacientes.
Resultados. Se han implicado nuevos factores de riesgo relacionados con la etiología del cáncer de vesícula biliar, como la obesidad, factores genéticos y moleculares. A pesar de la disponibilidad de los métodos diagnósticos imagenológicos, no ha ocurrido una importante variación porcentual en cuanto al estadio al momento del diagnóstico.
Conclusiones. El manejo quirúrgico del cáncer de vesícula biliar está indicado en los estadios más tempranos de la enfermedad y es importante evaluar las opciones terapéuticas en pacientes con enfermedad avanzada. Se considera de suma importancia el estudio anatomopatológico de la pieza quirúrgica y la revisión del informe por parte del cirujano
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Duijster JW, Franz E, Neefjes J, Mughini-Gras L. Bacterial and Parasitic Pathogens as Risk Factors for Cancers in the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Review of Current Epidemiological Knowledge. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:790256. [PMID: 34956157 PMCID: PMC8692736 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.790256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic potential of viral infections is well established and documented for many years already. However, the contribution of (commensal) bacteria and parasites to the development and progression of cancers has only recently gained momentum, resulting in a rapid growth of publications on the topic. Indeed, various bacteria and parasites have been suggested to play a role in the development of gastrointestinal cancer in particular. Therefore, an overview of the current epidemiological knowledge on the association between infections with bacteria and parasites and cancers of the gastrointestinal tract is needed. In this review, we summarized the methodological characteristics and main results of epidemiological studies investigating the association of 10 different bacteria (Bacteroides fragilis, Campylobacter spp., Clostridium spp., Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, non-typhoidal Salmonella, Salmonella Typhi, and Streptococcus spp.) and three parasites (Cryptosporidium spp., Schistosoma spp., and Strongyloides stercoralis) with gastrointestinal cancer. While the large body of studies based on microbiome sequencing provides valuable insights into the relative abundance of different bacterial taxa in cancer patients as compared to individuals with pre-malignant conditions or healthy controls, more research is needed to fulfill Koch's postulates, possibly making use of follow-up data, to assess the complex role of bacterial and parasitic infections in cancer epidemiology. Studies incorporating follow-up time between detection of the bacterium or parasite and cancer diagnosis remain valuable as these allow for estimation of cause-effect relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke W. Duijster
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eelco Franz
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lapo Mughini-Gras
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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29
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Kawakami S, Takano S, Fukasawa M, Shindo H, Takahashi E, Fukasawa Y, Hayakawa H, Kuratomi N, Kadokura M, Hosomura N, Amemiya H, Kawaida H, Kono H, Maekawa S, Ichikawa D, Enomoto N. Stepwise correlation of TP53 mutations from pancreaticobiliary maljunction to gallbladder carcinoma: a retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1245. [PMID: 34798839 PMCID: PMC8605550 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09000-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic changes underlying carcinogenesis in patients with risk factors of gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) remains controversial, especially in patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM). This study aimed to clarify the association between risk factors of GBC and genetic changes using next-generation sequencing (NGS). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed resected tissues of 64 patients who were diagnosed with GBC (n = 26), PBM [with GBC (n = 8), without GBC (n = 20)], and chronic cholecystitis, used as a control group (n = 10). DNA was extracted from tumors and their surrounding tissues, which were precisely separated by laser-capture microdissection. Gene alterations of 50 cancer-related genes were detected by NGS and compared with clinical information, including PBM status. RESULTS The most frequent gene alterations in GBC tissues occurred in TP53 (50%), followed by EGFR (20.6%), RB1 (17.6%), and ERBB2 (17.6%). Gene alterations that were targetable by molecular targeted drugs were detected in 20 cases (58.8%). Statistical analysis of gene alterations and risk factors revealed that TP53 alteration rate was higher in GBC patients with PBM than those without PBM (p = 0.038), and the TP53 mutation rates in the epithelium of control patients, epithelium of PBM patients without GBC, peritumoral mucosa of GBC patients with PBM, and tumor tissue of GBC patients with PBM were 10, 10, 38, and 75%, respectively (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS TP53 alteration more than KRAS mutation was revealed to underlie carcinogenesis in patients with PBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kawakami
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Shinichi Takano
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Mitsuharu Fukasawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Hiroko Shindo
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Ei Takahashi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Fukasawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hayakawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Natsuhiko Kuratomi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Makoto Kadokura
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Naohiro Hosomura
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hidetake Amemiya
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Kawaida
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kono
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shinya Maekawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Enomoto
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
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Bosch DE, Salipante SJ, Schmidt RA, Swanson PE, Bryan A, SenGupta DJ, Truong CD, Yeh MM. Neutrophilic inflammation in gallbladder carcinoma correlates with patient survival: A case-control study. Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 56:151845. [PMID: 34763224 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gallbladder carcinoma is an uncommon malignancy with an overall 5-year survival of less than 5%. Gallbladder carcinoma has been strongly linked with cholelithiasis and chronic inflammation. Case reports and series have described cholecystitis with acute (neutrophilic) inflammation in association with gallbladder carcinoma, although a clear relationship to patient outcome has not been established. Our series included 8 cases of gallbladder carcinoma with high tumor-associated neutrophils (>25 per high power field) that were associated with shorter patient survival (Cox regression coefficient 6.2, p = 0.004) than age- and stage-matched controls. High tumor-associated neutrophils were not associated with gallbladder rupture/perforation or increased bacterial load measured by 16S PCR. Neutrophilic inflammation with gallbladder carcinoma correlates to shorter survival, independent of patient age and stage of carcinoma. The findings suggest that the degree of neutrophilic inflammation may have prognostic significance in specimens from patients with gallbladder carcinoma after cholecystectomy. Further studies with larger case numbers are needed to confirm and generalize these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin E Bosch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Stephen J Salipante
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Rodney A Schmidt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Paul E Swanson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Andrew Bryan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Dhruba J SenGupta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Camtu D Truong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Matthew M Yeh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.
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31
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Foster N, Tang Y, Berchieri A, Geng S, Jiao X, Barrow P. Revisiting Persistent Salmonella Infection and the Carrier State: What Do We Know? Pathogens 2021; 10:1299. [PMID: 34684248 PMCID: PMC8537056 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One characteristic of the few Salmonella enterica serovars that produce typhoid-like infections is that disease-free persistent infection can occur for months or years in a small number of individuals post-convalescence. The bacteria continue to be shed intermittently which is a key component of the epidemiology of these infections. Persistent chronic infection occurs despite high levels of circulating specific IgG. We have reviewed the information on the basis for persistence in S. Typhi, S. Dublin, S. Gallinarum, S. Pullorum, S. Abortusovis and also S. Typhimurium in mice as a model of persistence. Persistence appears to occur in macrophages in the spleen and liver with shedding either from the gall bladder and gut or the reproductive tract. The involvement of host genetic background in defining persistence is clear from studies with the mouse but less so with human and poultry infections. There is increasing evidence that the organisms (i) modulate the host response away from the typical Th1-type response normally associated with immune clearance of an acute infection to Th2-type or an anti-inflammatory response, and that (ii) the bacteria modulate transformation of macrophage from M1 to M2 type. The bacterial factors involved in this are not yet fully understood. There are early indications that it might be possible to remodulate the response back towards a Th1 response by using cytokine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Foster
- SRUC Aberdeen Campus, Craibstone Estate, Ferguson Building, Aberdeen AB21 9YA, UK
| | - Ying Tang
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Angelo Berchieri
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil;
| | - Shizhong Geng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (S.G.); (X.J.)
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (S.G.); (X.J.)
| | - Paul Barrow
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK;
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32
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Liu X, Yin L, Shen S, Hou Y. Inflammation and cancer: paradoxical roles in tumorigenesis and implications in immunotherapies. Genes Dis 2021; 10:151-164. [PMID: 37013041 PMCID: PMC10066281 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation caused by persistent infections and metabolic disorders is thought to contribute to the increased cancer risk and the accelerated cancer progression. Oppositely, acute inflammation induced by bacteria-based vaccines or that is occurring after cancer selectively inhibits cancer progression and metastasis. However, the interaction between inflammation and cancer may be more complex than the current explanations for the relationship between chronic and acute inflammation and cancer. In this review, we described the impact of inflammation on cancer on the basis of three perspectives, including inflammation with different durations (chronic and acute inflammation), different scopes (systemic and local inflammation) and different occurrence sequences (inflammation occurring after and before cancer). In addition, we also introduced bacteria/virus-based cancer immunotherapies. We perceive that inflammation may be a double-edged sword with cancer-promoting and cancer-suppressing functions in certain cases. We expect to further improve the understanding of the relationship between inflammation and cancer and provide a theoretical basis for further research on their complex interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Lijie Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Sunan Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
- Corresponding author. The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China. Fax: +86 25 8968 8441.
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
- Corresponding author. The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China. Fax: +86 25 8968 8441.
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Rana K, Nayak SR, Bihary A, Sahoo AK, Mohanty KC, Palo SK, Sahoo D, Pati S, Dash P. Association of quorum sensing and biofilm formation with Salmonella virulence: story beyond gathering and cross-talk. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:5887-5897. [PMID: 34586468 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) is a public health concern which contributes to mortality and morbidity all around the globe. It is caused mainly due to ingestion of contaminated food and water with a gram negative, rod-shaped, flagellated bacterium known as Salmonella enterica serotype typhi (typhoid fever) or paratyphi (paratyphoid fever). Clinical problems associated with Salmonellosis are mainly bacteraemia, gastroenteritis and enteric fever. The bacteria undergo various mechanisms to escape itself from immune reaction of the host, modulating immune response at the site of infection leading to virulence factor production and anti-microbial resistance. Biofilm is one of the adaptation mechanisms through which Salmonella survives in unfavourable conditions and thus is considered as a major threat to public health. Another property of the bacteria is "Quorum Sensing", which is a cell-cell communication and most of the pathogenic bacteria use it to coordinate the production of several virulence factors and other behaviours such as swarming and biofilm formation. Earlier, quorum sensing was believed to be just a medium for communication but, later on, its role in virulence has been studied. However, there are negligible information relating to interaction between quorum sensing and biofilm formation and how these events play crucial role in Salmonella pathogenesis. The review is a summary of updated information regarding how Salmonella uses these properties to spread more and survive better, making a challenge for clinicians and public health experts. Therefore, this review would help bring an insight regarding how biofilm formation and quorum sensing are inter-related and their role in pathogenesis and virulence of Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khokan Rana
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Alice Bihary
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ajay Ku Sahoo
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Subrata Ku Palo
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debadutta Sahoo
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India.
| | - Pujarini Dash
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India.
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Fan X, Jin Y, Chen G, Ma X, Zhang L. Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Drives the Development of Colorectal Cancer. Digestion 2021; 102:508-515. [PMID: 32932258 DOI: 10.1159/000508328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota is a diverse community of microbes that maintain the stability of the intestinal environment. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been linked to gastrointestinal diseases, such as colorectal cancer (CRC) - a leading cause of death for cancer patients. SUMMARY Candidate pathogens have been identified using bacterial culture and high-throughput sequencing techniques. Currently, there is evidence to show that specific intestinal microbes drive CRC development and progression, yet their pathogenic mechanisms are still unclear. Key Messages: In this review, we describe the known healthy gut microbiota and its changes in CRC. We especially focus on exploring the pathogenic mechanisms of gut microbiota dysbiosis in CRC. This is crucial for explaining how gut microbiota dysbiosis drives the process of colorectal carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Evaluation of changes in the gut microbiota during CRC development and progression offers a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Fan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Taizhou University Hospital, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Yuelei Jin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Taizhou University Hospital, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Taizhou University Hospital, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xueqiang Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, China,
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Morgan RN, Saleh SE, Farrag HA, Aboulwafa MM. Bacterial cyclomodulins: types and roles in carcinogenesis. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:42-66. [PMID: 34265231 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1944052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Various studies confirmed that bacterial infections contribute to carcinogenesis through the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression of toxins that disrupt the cell cycle phases, cellular regulatory mechanisms and stimulate the production of tumorigenic inflammatory mediators. These toxins mimic carcinogens which act upon key cellular targets and result in mutations and genotoxicities. The cyclomodulins are bacterial toxins that incur cell cycle modulating effects rendering the expressing bacterial species of high carcinogenic potentiality. They are either cellular proliferating or cell cycle arrest cyclomodulins. Notably, cyclomodulins expressing bacterial species have been linked to different human carcinomas. For instance, Escherichia coli species producing the colibactin were highly prevalent among colorectal carcinoma patients, CagA+ Helicobacter pylori species were associated with MALT lymphomas and gastric carcinomas and Salmonella species producing CdtB were linked to hepatobiliary carcinomas. These species stimulated the overgrowth of pre-existing carcinomas and induced hyperplasia in in vivo animal models suggesting a role for the cyclomodulins in carcinogenesis. Wherefore, the prevalence and mode of action of these toxins were the focus of many researchers and studies. This review discusses different types of bacterial cyclomodulins highlighting their mode of action and possible role in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa N Morgan
- Drug radiation research Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sarra E Saleh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Microbiology and Immunology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala A Farrag
- Drug radiation research Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad M Aboulwafa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Microbiology and Immunology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, Ras-Sedr, Egypt
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El-Sayed A, Aleya L, Kamel M. Microbiota's role in health and diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:36967-36983. [PMID: 34043164 PMCID: PMC8155182 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome is a term that usually refers to the community of various microorganisms that inhabit/live inside human/animal bodies or on their skin. It forms a complex ecosystem that includes trillions of commensals, symbiotics, and even pathogenic microorganisms. The external environment, diet, and lifestyle are the major determinants influencing the microbiome's composition and vitality. Recent studies have indicated the tremendous influence of the microbiome on health and disease. Their number, constitution, variation, and viability are dynamic. All these elements are responsible for the induction, development, and treatment of many health disorders. Serious diseases such as cancer, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and even psychological disorders such as schizophrenia are influenced directly or indirectly by microbiota. In addition, in the last few weeks, accumulating data about the link between COVID-19 and the microbiota were published. In the present work, the role of the microbiome in health and disease is discussed. A deep understanding of the exact role of microbiota in disease induction enables the prevention of diseases and the development of new therapeutic concepts for most diseases through the correction of diet and lifestyle. The present review brings together evidence from the most recent works and discusses suggested nutraceutical approaches for the management of COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Sayed
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
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The Role of Microbiota in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Related Biliary Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136975. [PMID: 34203536 PMCID: PMC8268159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an immune-related cholangiopathy characterized by biliary inflammation, cholestasis, and multifocal bile duct strictures. It is associated with high rates of progression to end-stage liver disease as well as a significant risk of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), gallbladder cancer, and colorectal carcinoma. Currently, no effective medical treatment with an impact on the overall survival is available, and liver transplantation is the only curative treatment option. Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota is associated with disease pathogenesis. Several studies analyzing fecal and mucosal samples demonstrate a distinct gut microbiome in individuals with PSC compared to healthy controls and individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) without PSC. Experimental mouse and observational human data suggest that a diverse set of microbial functions may be relevant, including microbial metabolites and bacterial processing of pharmacological agents, bile acids, or dietary compounds, altogether driving the intrahepatic inflammation. Despite critical progress in this field over the past years, further functional characterization of the role of the microbiota in PSC and related malignancies is needed. In this review, we discuss the available data on the role of the gut microbiome and elucidate important insights into underlying pathogenic mechanisms and possible microbe-altering interventions.
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Gupta A, Gupta S, Siddeek RAT, Chennatt JJ, Singla T, Rajput D, Kumar N, Sehrawat A, Kishore S, Gupta M. Demographic and clinicopathological Profile of Gall Bladder Cancer Patients: Study from a tertiary care center of the Sub-Himalayan region in Indo-Gangetic Belt. J Carcinog 2021; 20:6. [PMID: 34321956 PMCID: PMC8312375 DOI: 10.4103/jcar.jcar_3_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gall bladder cancer (GBC) accounts for 80%-95% of biliary tract malignancies in the world. There is however striking variability in the global incidence of gallbladder cancer, reaching epidemic levels for some regions and ethnicities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic and clinicopathological profile of the gallbladder cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients of carcinoma gall bladder presenting to department of surgery in hepatopancreaticobiliary unit from July 2017 to November 2020 were included in this study. A proforma containing all the relevant details including history, examination, blood, radiology, and pathological investigations was filled. RESULTS A total of 326 patients of GBC were analyzed. The majority (75%) were found to be females with a mean age of 55 years. Pain abdomen was the most common presenting symptom in 81% of patients. The most common stage of presentation was stage IV and only 6 were in stage I. Two hundred and thirty three (71.4%) patients had metastatic disease at presentation. Liver infiltration at the time of diagnosis was present in 89% of patients. The most common site of metastasis was found in the liver (23.3%). GBC was more common in patients with A blood group. Baseline serum albumin levels were found to be significantly associated with the staging of GBC. CONCLUSIONS Due to the non specific symptoms patients of GBC present at very advanced stages, high index of suspicion and health education seems to play an important role in early detection and improvement of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Gupta
- Department of Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sweety Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rohik Anjum T. Siddeek
- Department of Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jaine John Chennatt
- Department of Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Tanuj Singla
- Department of Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepak Rajput
- Department of Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Navin Kumar
- Department of Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Sehrawat
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sanjeev Kishore
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Manoj Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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LaCourse KD, Johnston CD, Bullman S. The relationship between gastrointestinal cancers and the microbiota. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 6:498-509. [PMID: 33743198 PMCID: PMC10773981 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(20)30362-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of the microbiota to disease progression and treatment efficacy is often neglected when determining who is at the highest risk of developing gastrointestinal cancers or designing treatment strategies for patients. We reviewed the current literature on the effect of the human microbiota on cancer risk, prognosis, and treatment efficacy. We highlight emerging research that seeks to identify microbial signatures as biomarkers for various gastrointestinal cancers, and discuss how we could harness knowledge of the microbiome to detect, prevent, and treat these cancers. Finally, we outline further research needed in the field of gastrointestinal cancers and the microbiota, and describe the efforts required to increase the accuracy and reproducibility of data linking the microbiome to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn D LaCourse
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher D Johnston
- Vaccine and Infection Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan Bullman
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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40
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Zhang Y, Yang C, Huang M. Global, regional, and national burden of biliary tract cancer from 1990 to 2017 based on the 2017 Global Burden of Disease study. Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 73:101949. [PMID: 33992881 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.101949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is a rare malignant neoplasm with poor prognosis. We aimed to report the rates and the trends of biliary tract cancer at the global level from 1990 to 2017 according to gender, age and social-demographic index (SDI). METHODS Data on biliary tract cancer between 1990 and 2017 was acquired from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study including the incidence, death and disability adjusted life-years (DALY). We also calculated estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) to quantificationally describe the trend of incidence, death and DALY over time. RESULTS Overall, the number of biliary tract cancer increased from 119,943 in 1990 to 210,878 in 2017. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) decreased continuously in this period with an EAPC of -0.56 (-0.67 to -0.45). The age-standardized death rate (ASDR) declined from 2.79 (95 % CI 2.68 - 3.14) in 1990 to 2.23 (95 % CI 1.99 - 2.38) per 100,000 persons in 2017. In terms of SDI, ASIR and ASDR were increased in low- and low-middle- SDI regions, but decreased in the other three regions, so was the age-standardized DALY rate. The ASR (Age-standardized incidence/mortality/DALY rate) varied across the world, with the highest ASIR and ASDR in Chile, and the lowest ones in Iraq. CONCLUSION The ASIR, ASDR and age-standardized DALY rate of biliary tract cancer have decreased at the global level. However, changes in rates vary among different counties and regions, suggesting it is more reasonable to adopt targeted and specific measures to decrease the occurrence of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beilun People's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Mingzhe Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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41
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Roa JC, Basturk O, Adsay V. Dysplasia and carcinoma of the gallbladder: pathological evaluation, sampling, differential diagnosis and clinical implications. Histopathology 2021; 79:2-19. [PMID: 33629395 DOI: 10.1111/his.14360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pathological evaluation of gallbladder neoplasia remains a challenge. A significant proportion of cases presents as clinically and grossly inapparent lesions, and grossing protocols are not well established. Among epithelial alterations, pseudo-pyloric gland metaplasia is ubiquitous and of no apparent consequence, whereas goblet cell metaplasia and a foveolar change in surface cells require closer attention. Low-grade dysplasia is difficult to objectively define and appears to be clinically inconsequential by itself; however, extra sampling is required to exclude the possibility of accompanying more significant lesions. For high-grade dysplasia ('high-grade BilIN', also known as 'carcinoma in situ'), a complete sampling is necessary to rule out invasion. Designating in-situ or minimally invasive carcinomas limited to muscularis or above as early gallbladder carcinoma (EGBC) helps to alleviate the major geographical differences (West/East) in the criteria for 'invasiveness' to assign a case to pTis or pT1. Total sampling is crucial in proper diagnosis of such cases. A subset of invasive GBCs (5-10%) arise from the intracholecystic neoplasm (ICN, 'adenoma-carcinoma sequence') category. Approximately two-thirds of ICNs have invasive carcinoma. However, this propensity differs by subtype. True 'pyloric gland adenomas' (> 1 cm) are uncommon and scarcely associated with invasive carcinoma. A distinct subtype of ICN composed of tubular, non-mucinous MUC6+ glands [intracholecystic tubular non-mucinous neoplasm (ICTN)] forms a localised pedunculated polyp. Although it is morphologically complex and high-grade, it appears to be invasion-resistant. Some of the invasive carcinoma types in the gallbladder have been better characterised recently with adenosquamous, neuroendocrine, poorly cohesive and mucinous carcinomas often being more advanced and aggressive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Roa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,European-Latin American ESCALON Consortium, EU Horizon 2020, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Olca Basturk
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Volkan Adsay
- Department of Pathology, Koç University Hospital and Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddha Basnyat
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit-Patan Academy of Health Science Kathmandu, Nepal
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Christopher M Parry
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Alder Hey Children' Hospital and Liverpool University Hospitals. Liverpool, UK
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Shukla R, Shukla P, Behari A, Khetan D, Chaudhary RK, Tsuchiya Y, Ikoma T, Asai T, Nakamura K, Kapoor VK. Roles of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi in Gallbladder Cancer Development. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:509-516. [PMID: 33639667 PMCID: PMC8190372 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.2.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Typhoid (Salmonella typhi and paratyphi) carriers and gall bladder cancer (GBC) are endemic in northern India. Results of previous studies about association of typhoid carriers with GBC are inconsistent. We studied antibodies against Salmonella typhi and paratyphi in serum samples of patients with GBC. METHODS We performed modified Widal test for antibodies against Salmonella typhi (Vi and O) and Salmonella paratyphi (AO and BO) antigens in patients with GBC (n=100), xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC, n=24), chronic cholecystitis (CC, n=200) and healthy controls (HC, n=200). RESULTS Serum antibodies against Salmonella were more frequently positive in GBC (22%) and XGC (29%), particularly in males in age ≥50 years (GBC: 47% and XGC: 50%) vs. HC (0) (p <0.01). Vi antibody was more common in GBC (13%, OR:9.8) and XGC (8%, OR:5.9) than HC (2%). O antibody was more common in GBC (8%, OR: 8.6) and XGC (8%, OR: 9.0) than HC (1%). O antibody was also more common in males with GBC (12%) than CC (1%) and HC (1%) (P=0.02 and p <0.001, respectively). AO (6%) and BO (4%) antibodies were detected in GBC, particularly in males, than HC (0), (p <0.01). Salmonella antibodies were more frequent in GBC with GS than those without GS (50% vs. 20%, OR=3.94, P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Salmonella carrier state was more common in GBC and XGC, particularly in elderly males than HC. The Vi antibody was more common in GBC and XGC than HC. Salmonella infection was more common in GBC with GS than those without GS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnakar Shukla
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Pooja Shukla
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Anu Behari
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Dheeraj Khetan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Rajendra K Chaudhary
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Yasuo Tsuchiya
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ikoma
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takao Asai
- Department of Clinical Engineering and Medical Technology, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Nakamura
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Vinay K Kapoor
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Severe Salmonella spp. or Campylobacter spp. Infection and the Risk of Biliary Tract Cancer: A Population-Based Study. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113348. [PMID: 33198229 PMCID: PMC7696982 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although it is known that bacterial infection may increase risk of cancer, the relationship between certain infections and cancer remains ill-quantified. To identify potential risk factors, this study compared the incidence of biliary tract cancer (BTC) in patients with Salmonella spp. or Campylobacter spp. infection to the general population in a large Western cohort of 16,252 salmonellosis and 27,668 campylobacteriosis patients. Standardized relative incidence ratio for BTC was 1.53 (95% CI 0.70–2.91) in salmonellosis patients and 0.97 (95% CI 0.39–2.00) in campylobacteriosis patients. Patients with Salmonella spp. infection and BTC were significantly younger than BTC patients without Salmonella spp. infection. Potentially, the study was underpowered to detect differences in cancer incidence, or cancer etiology in Western patients differs from those in non-Western countries and instead of bacterial infection, other factors contribute to cancer risk. Better understanding of cancer etiology is needed to identify risk factors and facilitate screening and early detection of cancer patients. Abstract Salmonella spp. infection has shown to have oncogenic transformative effects and thereby increases the risk of certain cancers. For Campylobacter spp., similar effects have been demonstrated. Risk factor identification may allow for timely diagnosis and preventive treatment. To substantiate the oncogenic potential of Salmonella and Campylobacter spp., this study compared the incidence of extrahepatic biliary tract cancer (BTC) in patients with diagnosed Salmonella or Campylobacter spp. infection with BTC incidence in the Netherlands. National infectious diseases surveillance records of patients diagnosed with a laboratory-confirmed Salmonella or Campylobacter spp. infection during 1999–2016 were linked to the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Incidence of BTC in Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. patients was compared to the incidence of BTC in the general population using Standardized Incidence Ratios (SIRs). In total, 16,252 patients were diagnosed with Salmonella spp. and 27,668 with Campylobacter spp. infection. Nine patients developed BTC at a median of 46 months (13–67) after Salmonella spp. infection and seven at a median of 60 months (18–138) after Campylobacter spp. infection. SIR of BTC in salmonellosis patients was 1.53 (95% CI 0.70–2.91). In patients aged <60 years, the SIR was 1.74 (95% CI 0.36–5.04). For campylobacteriosis patients, the SIR was 0.97 (95% CI 0.39–2.00). Even though Salmonella or Campylobacter spp. infection was not significantly associated with increased BTC risk in this cohort, it remains extremely important to study potential risk factors for cancer to facilitate screening and ultimately improve prognosis of cancer patients.
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The microbiome, genetics, and gastrointestinal neoplasms: the evolving field of molecular pathological epidemiology to analyze the tumor-immune-microbiome interaction. Hum Genet 2020; 140:725-746. [PMID: 33180176 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metagenomic studies using next-generation sequencing technologies have revealed rich human intestinal microbiome, which likely influence host immunity and health conditions including cancer. Evidence indicates a biological link between altered microbiome and cancers in the digestive system. Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis have been found to be enriched in colorectal mucosal tissues from patients with familial adenomatous polyposis that is caused by germline APC mutations. In addition, recent studies have found enrichment of certain oral bacteria, viruses, and fungi in tumor tissue and fecal specimens from patients with gastrointestinal cancer. An integrative approach is required to elucidate the role of microorganisms in the pathogenic process of gastrointestinal cancers, which develop through the accumulation of somatic genetic and epigenetic alterations in neoplastic cells, influenced by host genetic variations, immunity, microbiome, and environmental exposures. The transdisciplinary field of molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) offers research frameworks to link germline genetics and environmental factors (including diet, lifestyle, and pharmacological factors) to pathologic phenotypes. The integration of microbiology into the MPE model (microbiology-MPE) can contribute to better understanding of the interactive role of environment, tumor cells, immune cells, and microbiome in various diseases. We review major clinical and experimental studies on the microbiome, and describe emerging evidence from the microbiology-MPE research in gastrointestinal cancers. Together with basic experimental research, this new research paradigm can help us to develop new prevention and treatment strategies for gastrointestinal cancers through targeting of the microbiome.
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Irfan M, Delgado RZR, Frias-Lopez J. The Oral Microbiome and Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:591088. [PMID: 33193429 PMCID: PMC7645040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.591088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that members of the human microbiome are highly associated with a wide variety of cancer types. Among oral cancers, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent and most commonly studied, and it is the most common malignancy of the head and neck worldwide. However, there is a void regarding the role that the oral microbiome may play in OSCC. Previous studies have not consistently found a characteristic oral microbiome composition associated with OSCC. Although a direct causality has not been proven, individual members of the oral microbiome are capable of promoting various tumorigenic functions related to cancer development. Two prominent oral pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum can promote tumor progression in mice. P. gingivalis infection has been associated with oro-digestive cancer, increased oral cancer invasion, and proliferation of oral cancer stem cells. The microbiome can influence the evolution of the disease by directly interacting with the human body and significantly altering the response and toxicity to various forms of cancer therapy. Recent studies have shown an association of certain phylogenetic groups with the immunotherapy treatment outcomes of certain tumors. On the other side of the coin, recently it has been a resurgence in interest on the potential use of bacteria to cure cancer. These kinds of treatments were used in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as the first line of defense against cancer in some hospitals but later displaced by other types of treatments such as radiotherapy. Currently, organisms such as Salmonella typhimurium and Clostridium spp. have been used for targeted strategies as potential vectors to treat cancer. In this review, we briefly summarize our current knowledge of the role of the oral microbiome, focusing on its bacterial fraction, in cancer in general and in OSCC more precisely, and a brief description of the potential use of bacteria to target tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - Jorge Frias-Lopez
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Hartl K, Sigal M. Microbe-Driven Genotoxicity in Gastrointestinal Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7439. [PMID: 33050171 PMCID: PMC7587957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium serves as a barrier to discriminate the outside from the inside and is in constant exchange with the luminal contents, including nutrients and the microbiota. Pathogens have evolved mechanisms to overcome the multiple ways of defense in the mucosa, while several members of the microbiota can exhibit pathogenic features once the healthy barrier integrity of the epithelium is disrupted. This not only leads to symptoms accompanying the acute infection but may also contribute to long-term injuries such as genomic instability, which is linked to mutations and cancer. While for Helicobacter pylori a link between infection and cancer is well established, many other bacteria and their virulence factors have only recently been linked to gastrointestinal malignancies through epidemiological as well as mechanistic studies. This review will focus on those pathogens and members of the microbiota that have been linked to genotoxicity in the context of gastric or colorectal cancer. We will address the mechanisms by which such bacteria establish contact with the gastrointestinal epithelium-either via an existing breach in the barrier or via their own virulence factors as well as the mechanisms by which they interfere with host genomic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Hartl
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charité-Universtitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Sigal
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charité-Universtitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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Kamarajan P, Ateia I, Shin JM, Fenno JC, Le C, Zhan L, Chang A, Darveau R, Kapila YL. Periodontal pathogens promote cancer aggressivity via TLR/MyD88 triggered activation of Integrin/FAK signaling that is therapeutically reversible by a probiotic bacteriocin. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008881. [PMID: 33002094 PMCID: PMC7529280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies reveal significant associations between periodontitis and oral cancer. However, knowledge about the contribution of periodontal pathogens to oral cancer and potential regulatory mechanisms involved is limited. Previously, we showed that nisin, a bacteriocin and commonly used food preservative, reduced oral cancer tumorigenesis and extended the life expectancy in tumor-bearing mice. In addition, nisin has antimicrobial effects on key periodontal pathogens. Thus, the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that key periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Fusobacterium nucleatum) promote oral cancer via specific host-bacterial interactions, and that bacteriocin/nisin therapy may modulate these responses. All three periodontal pathogens enhanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell migration, invasion, tumorsphere formation, and tumorigenesis in vivo, without significantly affecting cell proliferation or apoptosis. In contrast, oral commensal bacteria did not affect OSCC cell migration. Pathogen-enhanced OSCC cell migration was mediated via integrin alpha V and FAK activation, since stably blocking alpha V or FAK expression abrogated these effects. Nisin inhibited these pathogen-mediated processes. Further, Treponema denticola induced TLR2 and 4 and MyD88 expression. Stable suppression of MyD88 significantly inhibited Treponema denticola-induced FAK activation and abrogated pathogen-induced migration. Together, these data demonstrate that periodontal pathogens contribute to a highly aggressive cancer phenotype via crosstalk between TLR/MyD88 and integrin/FAK signaling. Nisin can modulate these pathogen-mediated effects, and thus has therapeutic potential as an antimicrobial and anti-tumorigenic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pachiyappan Kamarajan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Islam Ateia
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Jae M. Shin
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - J. Christopher Fenno
- Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Charles Le
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Ling Zhan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Ana Chang
- Department of Periodontics, Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Richard Darveau
- Department of Periodontics, Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Yvonne L. Kapila
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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Abstract
Bacterial infections are increasingly being recognized as risk factors for the development of adenocarcinomas. The strong epidemiological evidence linking Helicobacter pylori infection to stomach cancer has paved the way to the demonstration that bacterial infections cause DNA damage in the host cells, initiating transformation. In this regard, the role of bacterial genotoxins has become more relevant. Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A have been clinically associated with gallbladder cancer. By harnessing the stem cell potential of cells from healthy human gallbladder explant, we regenerated and propagated the epithelium of this organ in vitro and used these cultures to model S. Paratyphi A infection. This study demonstrates the importance of the typhoid toxin, encoded only by these specific serovars, in causing genomic instability in healthy gallbladder cells, posing intoxicated cells at risk of malignant transformation. Carcinoma of the gallbladder (GBC) is the most frequent tumor of the biliary tract. Despite epidemiological studies showing a correlation between chronic infection with Salmonella enterica Typhi/Paratyphi A and GBC, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this fatal connection are still uncertain. The murine serovar Salmonella Typhimurium has been shown to promote transformation of genetically predisposed cells by driving mitogenic signaling. However, insights from this strain remain limited as it lacks the typhoid toxin produced by the human serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A. In particular, the CdtB subunit of the typhoid toxin directly induces DNA breaks in host cells, likely promoting transformation. To assess the underlying principles of transformation, we used gallbladder organoids as an infection model for Salmonella Paratyphi A. In this model, bacteria can invade epithelial cells, and we observed host cell DNA damage. The induction of DNA double-strand breaks after infection depended on the typhoid toxin CdtB subunit and extended to neighboring, non-infected cells. By cultivating the organoid derived cells into polarized monolayers in air-liquid interphase, we could extend the duration of the infection, and we observed an initial arrest of the cell cycle that does not depend on the typhoid toxin. Non-infected intoxicated cells instead continued to proliferate despite the DNA damage. Our study highlights the importance of the typhoid toxin in causing genomic instability and corroborates the epidemiological link between Salmonella infection and GBC.
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Arteta AA, Milanes-Yearsley M, Cardona-Castro N. Cholangiocyte derived carcinomas and local microbiota. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2020; 29:1084-1093. [PMID: 32902144 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Trillions of bacteria are present in the gastrointestinal tract as part of the local microbiota. Bacteria have been associated with a wide range of gastrointestinal diseases including malignant neoplasms. The association of bacteria in gastrointestinal and biliary tract carcinogenesis is supported in the paradigm of Helicobacter pylori and intestinal-type gastric cancer. However, the association of bacterial species to a specific carcinoma, different from intestinal-type gastric cancer is unresolved. The relationship of bacteria to a specific malignant neoplasm can drive clinical interventions. We review the classic bacteria risk factors identified using cultures and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) with new research regarding a microbiota approach through 16S rRNA (16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene) or metagenomic analysis for selected carcinomas in the biliary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A Arteta
- Department of Pathology, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Basic Science Research Group, School of Medicine, CES University, Medellín (Antioquia), Colombia.,Grupo de Investigaciones en Patología, Universidad de Antioquia (GRIP-UdeA), Medellín (Antioquia), Colombia
| | - Martha Milanes-Yearsley
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Gastrointestinal and Liver Pathology Department, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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