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Alipour S, Mardi A, Shajari N, Kazemi T, Sadeghi MR, Ahmadian Heris J, Masoumi J, Baradaran B. Unmasking the NLRP3 inflammasome in dendritic cells as a potential therapeutic target for autoimmunity, cancer, and infectious conditions. Life Sci 2024; 348:122686. [PMID: 38710282 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Proper and functional immune response requires a complex interaction between innate and adaptive immune cells, which dendritic cells (DCs) are the primary actors in this coordination as professional antigen-presenting cells. DCs are armed with numerous pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) like NLRP3, which influence the development of their activation state upon sensation of ligands. NLRP3 is a crucial component of the immune system for protection against tumors and infectious agents, because its activation leads to the assembly of inflammasomes that cause the formation of active caspase-1 and stimulate the maturation and release of proinflammatory cytokines. But, when NLRP3 becomes overactivated, it plays a pathogenic role in the progression of several autoimmune disorders. So, NLRP3 activation is strictly regulated by diverse signaling pathways that are mentioned in detail in this review. Furthermore, the role of NLRP3 in all of the diverse immune cells' subsets is briefly mentioned in this study because NLRP3 plays a pivotal role in modulating other immune cells which are accompanied by DCs' responses and subsequently influence differentiation of T cells to diverse T helper subsets and even impact on cytotoxic CD8+ T cells' responses. This review sheds light on the functional and therapeutic role of NLRP3 in DCs and its contribution to the occurrence and progression of autoimmune disorders, prevention of diverse tumors' development, and recognition and annihilation of various infectious agents. Furthermore, we highlight NLRP3 targeting potential for improving DC-based immunotherapeutic approaches, to be used for the benefit of patients suffering from these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Alipour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Mardi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Shajari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sadeghi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Javad Masoumi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Oh JM, Yoon H, Joo JY, Im WT, Chun S. Therapeutic potential of ginseng leaf extract in inhibiting mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation and atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation in DNCB-treated mice. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1403285. [PMID: 38841363 PMCID: PMC11150533 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1403285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Ginseng leaves are known to contain high concentrations of bioactive compounds, such as ginsenosides, and have potential as a treatment for various conditions, including fungal infections, cancer, obesity, oxidative stress, and age-related diseases. This study assessed the impact of ginseng leaf extract (GLE) on mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation and atopic dermatitis (AD) in DNCB-treated mice. GLE reduced skin thickness and lymph node nodules and suppressed the expression and secretion of histamine and pro-inflammatory cytokines. It also significantly lowered the production of inflammatory response mediators including ROS, leukotriene C4 (LTC4), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). GLE inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPKs (ERK, P38, JNK) and the activation of NF-κB, which are both linked to inflammatory cytokine expression. We demonstrated that GLE's inhibitory effect on mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation is due to the blockade of the NF-κB and inflammasome pathways. Our findings suggest that GLE can be an effective therapeutic agent for mast-cell mediated and allergic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Mi Oh
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunHo Yoon
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeol Joo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Taek Im
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hankyong National University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkun Chun
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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3
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Alsabbagh MM. Cytokines in psoriasis: From pathogenesis to targeted therapy. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110814. [PMID: 38768527 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a multifactorial disease that affects 0.84% of the global population and it can be associated with disabling comorbidities. As patients present with thick scaly lesions, psoriasis was long believed to be a disorder of keratinocytes. Psoriasis is now understood to be the outcome of the interaction between immunological and environmental factors in individuals with genetic predisposition. While it was initially thought to be solely mediated by cytokines of type-1 immunity, namely interferon-γ, interleukin-2, and interleukin-12 because it responds very well to cyclosporine, a reversible IL-2 inhibitor; the discovery of Th-17 cells advanced the understanding of the disease and helped the development of biological therapy. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the role of cytokines in psoriasis, highlighting areas of controversy and identifying the connection between cytokine imbalance and disease manifestations. It also presents the approved targeted treatments for psoriasis and those currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manahel Mahmood Alsabbagh
- Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine and Inherited Disorders and Department of Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.
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Sha X, Ye H, Wang X, Xu Z, Sun A, Xiao W, Zhang T, Yang S, Yang H. GSDMD mediated pyroptosis induced inflammation of Graves' orbitopathy via the NF-κB/ AIM2/ Caspase-1 pathway. Exp Eye Res 2024; 240:109812. [PMID: 38342335 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is a key executor which triggers pyroptosis as well as an attractive checkpoint in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases but it has yet to prove its function in Graves'orbitopathy (GO). Our aim was to investigate GSDMD levels in orbital connective tissue and serum of GO patients and then assess the association between serum levels and patients' clinical activity score (CAS). Further, GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis and the underlying mechanism in inflammatory pathogenesis in the cultured orbital fibroblasts (OFs) of GO patients were examined. OFs were collected after tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α or interferon (IFN)-γ treatment or combination treatment at different times, and the expression of GSDMD and related molecular mechanisms were analyzed. Then, we constructed the GSDMD knockout system with siRNA and the system was further exposed to the medium with or without IFN-γ and TNF-α for a specified time. Finally, we evaluated the production of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. We found that serum GSDMD levels were elevated and positively correlated with the CAS in GO patients. Meanwhile, the expression of GSDMD and N-terminal domain (NT-GSDMD) in orbital connective tissue of GO patients was augmented. Also, increased expression of GSDMD and related pyroptosis factors was observed in vitro model of GO. We further demonstrated that GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis induced inflammation via the nuclear factor kB (NF-κB)/absent in melanoma-2 (AIM-2)/caspase-1 pathway. In addition, blocking GSDMD suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production in GO. We concluded that GSDMD may be a biomarker as well as a potential target for the evaluation and treatment of inflammation related with GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Te Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenglan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huasheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China.
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Rusiñol L, Puig L. Multi-Omics Approach to Improved Diagnosis and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1042. [PMID: 38256115 PMCID: PMC10815999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis fall within the category of cutaneous immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). The prevalence of IMIDs is increasing in industrialized societies, influenced by both environmental changes and a genetic predisposition. However, the exact immune factors driving these chronic, progressive diseases are not fully understood. By using multi-omics techniques in cutaneous IMIDs, it is expected to advance the understanding of skin biology, uncover the underlying mechanisms of skin conditions, and potentially devise precise and personalized approaches to diagnosis and treatment. We provide a narrative review of the current knowledge in genomics, epigenomics, and proteomics of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. A literature search was performed for articles published until 30 November 2023. Although there is still much to uncover, recent evidence has already provided valuable insights, such as proteomic profiles that permit differentiating psoriasis from mycosis fungoides and β-defensin 2 correlation to PASI and its drop due to secukinumab first injection, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Rusiñol
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Docent Hospital Universitari Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Puig
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Docent Hospital Universitari Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
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Patil D, Bhatt LK. Novel Therapeutic Avenues for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2023; 23:623-640. [PMID: 37670168 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-023-00609-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a complicated, heterogeneous genetic condition that causes left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, hypercontractility, and decreased compliance. Despite the advances made over the past 3 decades in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms aggravating HCM, the relationship between pathophysiological stress stimuli and distinctive myocyte growth profiles is still imprecise. Currently, mavacamten, a selective and reversible inhibitor of cardiac myosin ATPase, is the only drug approved by the US FDA for the treatment of HCM. Thus, there is an unmet need for developing novel disease-specific therapeutic approaches. This article provides an overview of emerging therapeutic targets for the treatment of HCM based on various molecular pathways and novel developments that are hopefully soon to enter the clinical study. These newly discovered targets include the dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1B, the absence of the melanoma 1 inflammasome, the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 enzyme, and the cluster of differentiation 147.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India.
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Shahi A, Afzali S, Amirzargar A, Mohaghegh P, Salehi S, Mansoori Y. Potential roles of inflammasomes in the pathophysiology of Psoriasis: A comprehensive review. Mol Immunol 2023; 161:44-60. [PMID: 37481828 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease whose pathophysiology is attributed to both innate and adaptive immune cells and molecules. Despite the crucial roles of the immune system in psoriasis, it cannot be categorized as an autoimmune disease because of the lack of main signs of autoimmunity, such as specific antibodies, well-defined antigens, and autoimmune genetic risk factors. The presence of some cellular and molecular properties, such as the presence of neutrophils in skin lesions and the activation of the innate immune system, attributes psoriasis to a group of diseases called autoinflammatory disorders. Autoinflammatory diseases refer to a group of inherited disorders whose main manifestations are recurrent fever, a high level of acute-phase reactant, and a tendency for inflammation of the skin, joints, and other organs like the nervous system. In most autoinflammatory disorders, it has been seen that complexes of the high-molecular-weight protein named inflammasomes have significant roles. The inflammasome complex usually is formed and activated in the stimulated immune cell cytoplasm, and its activation consequently leads to inflammatory events such as producing of active caspase-1, mature interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-18 and can cause an inflammatory programmed cell death called pyroptosis. Since the identification of inflammasomes, it has been shown that there are close links between them and hereditary and acquired autoinflammatory diseases like psoriasis. In this review, we aim to focus on well-defined inflammasome and their role in the pathophysiology of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Shahi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Afzali
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Amirzargar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Poopak Mohaghegh
- Pediatrics Department, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Salehi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yaser Mansoori
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
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Bulté D, Rigamonti C, Romano A, Mortellaro A. Inflammasomes: Mechanisms of Action and Involvement in Human Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:1766. [PMID: 37443800 PMCID: PMC10340308 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome complexes and their integral receptor proteins have essential roles in regulating the innate immune response and inflammation at the post-translational level. Yet despite their protective role, aberrant activation of inflammasome proteins and gain of function mutations in inflammasome component genes seem to contribute to the development and progression of human autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. In the past decade, our understanding of inflammasome biology and activation mechanisms has greatly progressed. We therefore provide an up-to-date overview of the various inflammasomes and their known mechanisms of action. In addition, we highlight the involvement of various inflammasomes and their pathogenic mechanisms in common autoinflammatory, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, including atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. We conclude by speculating on the future avenues of research needed to better understand the roles of inflammasomes in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Bulté
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy; (D.B.); (C.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Chiara Rigamonti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy; (D.B.); (C.R.); (A.R.)
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Romano
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy; (D.B.); (C.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Alessandra Mortellaro
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy; (D.B.); (C.R.); (A.R.)
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Wu W, Chen G, Zhang Z, He M, Li H, Yan F. Construction and verification of atopic dermatitis diagnostic model based on pyroptosis related biological markers using machine learning methods. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:138. [PMID: 37330465 PMCID: PMC10276470 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to construct a model used for the accurate diagnosis of Atopic dermatitis (AD) using pyroptosis related biological markers (PRBMs) through the methods of machine learning. METHOD The pyroptosis related genes (PRGs) were acquired from molecular signatures database (MSigDB). The chip data of GSE120721, GSE6012, GSE32924, and GSE153007 were downloaded from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. The data of GSE120721 and GSE6012 were combined as the training group, while the others were served as the testing groups. Subsequently, the expression of PRGs was extracted from the training group and differentially expressed analysis was conducted. CIBERSORT algorithm calculated the immune cells infiltration and differentially expressed analysis was conducted. Consistent cluster analysis divided AD patients into different modules according to the expression levels of PRGs. Then, weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) screened the key module. For the key module, we used Random forest (RF), support vector machines (SVM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), and generalized linear model (GLM) to construct diagnostic models. For the five PRBMs with the highest model importance, we built a nomogram. Finally, the results of the model were validated using GSE32924, and GSE153007 datasets. RESULTS Nine PRGs were significant differences in normal humans and AD patients. Immune cells infiltration showed that the activated CD4+ memory T cells and Dendritic cells (DCs) were significantly higher in AD patients than normal humans, while the activated natural killer (NK) cells and the resting mast cells were significantly lower in AD patients than normal humans. Consistent cluster analysis divided the expressing matrix into 2 modules. Subsequently, WGCNA analysis showed that the turquoise module had a significant difference and high correlation coefficient. Then, the machine model was constructed and the results showed that the XGB model was the optimal model. The nomogram was constructed by using HDAC1, GPALPP1, LGALS3, SLC29A1, and RWDD3 five PRBMs. Finally, the datasets GSE32924 and GSE153007 verified the reliability of this result. CONCLUSIONS The XGB model based on five PRBMs can be used for the accurate diagnosis of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Wu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaofei Chen
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, China
| | - Zexin Zhang
- The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meixing He
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyi Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Fenggen Yan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Fetter T, de Graaf DM, Claus I, Wenzel J. Aberrant inflammasome activation as a driving force of human autoimmune skin disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190388. [PMID: 37325658 PMCID: PMC10266227 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune skin diseases are understood as conditions in which the adaptive immune system with autoantigen-specific T cells and autoantibody-producing B cells reacting against self-tissues plays a crucial pathogenic role. However, there is increasing evidence that inflammasomes, which are large multiprotein complexes that were first described 20 years ago, contribute to autoimmune disease progression. The inflammasome and its contribution to the bioactivation of interleukins IL-1β and IL-18 play an essential role in combating foreign pathogens or tissue damage, but may also act as a pathogenic driver of myriad chronic inflammatory diseases when dysfunctionally regulated. Inflammasomes containing the NOD-like receptor family members NLRP1 and NLRP3 as well as the AIM2-like receptor family member AIM2 have been increasingly investigated in inflammatory skin conditions. In addition to autoinflammatory diseases, which are often associated with skin involvement, the aberrant activation of the inflammasome has also been implied in autoimmune diseases that can either affect the skin besides other organs such as systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis or are isolated to the skin in humans. The latter include, among others, the T-cell mediated disorders vitiligo, alopecia areata, lichen planus and cutaneous lupus erythematosus as well as the autoantibody-driven blistering skin disease bullous pemphigoid. Some diseases are characterized by both autoinflammatory and autoimmune responses such as the chronic inflammatory skin disease psoriasis. Further insights into inflammasome dysregulation and associated pathways as well as their role in forming adaptive immune responses in human autoimmune skin pathology could potentially offer a new field of therapeutic options in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Fetter
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Isabelle Claus
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joerg Wenzel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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11
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Lee SB, Kang JH, Sim EJ, Jung YR, Kim JH, Hillman PF, Nam SJ, Kang TB. Cornus officinalis Seed Extract Inhibits AIM2-Inflammasome Activation and Attenuates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Skin Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065653. [PMID: 36982727 PMCID: PMC10051512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The AIM2 inflammasome is an innate immune system component that defends against cytosolic bacteria and DNA viruses, but its aberrant activation can lead to the progression of various inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis. However, there have been few reports of specific inhibitors of AIM2 inflammasome activation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory activity of ethanolic extracts of seeds of Cornus officinalis (CO), a herb and food plant used in traditional medicine, on AIM2-inflammasome activation. We found that CO inhibited the release of IL-1β induced by dsDNA in both BMDMs and HaCaT cells, but that it showed no effect on the release of IL-1β induced by NLRP3 inflammasome triggers, such as nigericin and silica, or the NLRC4 inflammasome trigger flagellin. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CO inhibited the cleavage of caspase-1, an inflammasome activation marker, and an upstream event, the translocation and speck formation of ASC. In addition, further experiments and mechanistic investigations revealed that CO can inhibit AIM2 speck formation induced by dsDNA in AIM2-overexpressing HEK293T cells. To verify the correlation in vivo, we investigated the efficacy of CO in an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis model, which has reported associations with the AIM2 inflammasome. We found that topical application of CO alleviated psoriasis-like symptoms, such as erythema, scaling, and epidermal thickening, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, CO also significantly decreased IMQ-induced expression of AIM2 inflammasome components, including AIM2, ASC, and caspase-1, and led to the elevation of serum IL-17A. In conclusion, our results suggest that CO may be a valuable candidate for the discovery of AIM2 inhibitors and the regulation of AIM2-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Bin Lee
- BK21 Project Team, Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hui Kang
- BK21 Project Team, Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Sim
- BK21 Project Team, Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Rin Jung
- BK21 Project Team, Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Prima F. Hillman
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Bong Kang
- BK21 Project Team, Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases, Research Institute (RIBHS), College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-043-840-3904
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12
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Lu S, Li Y, Qian Z, Zhao T, Feng Z, Weng X, Yu L. Role of the inflammasome in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1052756. [PMID: 36993972 PMCID: PMC10040598 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1052756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a protein complex composed of a variety of proteins in cells and which participates in the innate immune response of the body. It can be activated by upstream signal regulation and plays an important role in pyroptosis, apoptosis, inflammation, tumor regulation, etc. In recent years, the number of metabolic syndrome patients with insulin resistance (IR) has increased year by year, and the inflammasome is closely related to the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases. The inflammasome can directly or indirectly affect conduction of the insulin signaling pathway, involvement the occurrence of IR and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Moreover, various therapeutic agents also work through the inflammasome to treat with diabetes. This review focuses on the role of inflammasome on IR and T2DM, pointing out the association and utility value. Briefly, we have discussed the main inflammasomes, including NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, NLRP6 and AIM2, as well as their structure, activation and regulation in IR were described in detail. Finally, we discussed the current therapeutic options-associated with inflammasome for the treatment of T2DM. Specially, the NLRP3-related therapeutic agents and options are widely developed. In summary, this article reviews the role of and research progress on the inflammasome in IR and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Lu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yanrong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zhaojun Qian
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Tiesuo Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zhiwei Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaogang Weng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Yu, ; Xiaogang Weng,
| | - Lili Yu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Yu, ; Xiaogang Weng,
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13
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Moltrasio C, Cagliani R, Sironi M, Clerici M, Pontremoli C, Maronese CA, Tricarico PM, Crovella S, Marzano AV. Autoinflammation in Syndromic Hidradenitis Suppurativa: The Role of AIM2. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:162. [PMID: 36680007 PMCID: PMC9862365 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIM2 is a key cytoplasmatic pathogen-sensor that detects foreign DNA from viruses and bacteria; it can also recognize damaged or anomalous presence of DNA, promoting inflammasome assembly and activation with the secretion of IL-1β, thus sustaining a chronic inflammatory state, potentially leading to the onset of autoinflammatory skin diseases. Given the implication of the IL-1β pathway in the pathogenesis of syndromic hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), an autoinflammatory immune-mediated skin condition, the potential involvement of AIM2 was investigated. METHODS Sequencing of the whole coding region of the AIM2 gene, comprising 5'- and 3' UTR and a region upstream of the first exon of ~800 bp was performed in twelve syndromic HS patients. RESULTS Six out of twelve syndromic HS patients carried a heterozygous variant c.-208 A ≥ C (rs41264459), located on the promoter region of the AIM2 gene, with a minor allele frequency of 0.25, which is much higher than that reported in 1000 G and GnomAD (0.075 and 0.094, respectively). The same variant was found at a lower allelic frequency in sporadic HS and isolated pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) (0.125 and 0.065, respectively). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that this variant might play a role in susceptibility to develop syndromic forms of HS but not to progress to sporadic HS and PG. Furthermore, epigenetic and/or somatic variations could affect AIM2 expression leading to different, context-dependent responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Moltrasio
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rachele Cagliani
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bioinformatics, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Manuela Sironi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bioinformatics, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Don C. Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, IRCCS, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Pontremoli
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bioinformatics, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Carlo Alberto Maronese
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Maura Tricarico
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Qatar, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Angelo Valerio Marzano
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
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14
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Gupta S, Cassel SL, Sutterwala FS. Inflammasome-Independent Roles of NLR and ALR Family Members. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2696:29-45. [PMID: 37578713 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3350-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors, including members of the NLR and ALR families, are essential for recognition of both pathogen- and host-derived danger signals. Several members of these families, including NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2, are capable of forming multiprotein complexes, called inflammasomes, that result in the activation of pro-inflammatory caspase-1. However, in addition to the formation of inflammasomes, a number of these family members exert inflammasome-independent functions. Here, we will discuss inflammasome-independent functions of NLRC4, NLRP12, and AIM2 and examine their roles in regulating innate and adaptive immune processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Suzanne L Cassel
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fayyaz S Sutterwala
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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15
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Zhang Y, Xu X, Cheng H, Zhou F. AIM2 and Psoriasis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1085448. [PMID: 36742336 PMCID: PMC9889639 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1085448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease occurring worldwide, with multiple systemic complications, which seriously affect the quality of life and physical and mental health of patients. The pathogenesis of psoriasis is related to the environment, genetics, epigenetics, and dysregulation of immune cells such as T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and nonimmune cells such as keratinocytes. Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), a susceptibility gene locus for psoriasis, has been strongly linked to the genetic and epigenetic aspects of psoriasis and increased in expression in psoriatic keratinocytes. AIM2 was found to be activated in an inflammasome-dependent way to release IL-1β and IL-18 to mediate inflammation, and to participate in immune regulation in psoriasis, or in an inflammasome-independent way by regulating the function of regulatory T(Treg) cells or programming cell death in keratinocytes as well as controlling the proliferative state of different cells. AIM2 may also play a role in the recurrence of psoriasis by trained immunity. In this review, we will elaborate on the characteristics of AIM2 and how AIM2 mediates the development of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fusheng Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
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16
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Neagu M, Constantin C, Jugulete G, Cauni V, Dubrac S, Szöllősi AG, Zurac S. Langerhans Cells-Revising Their Role in Skin Pathologies. J Pers Med 2022; 12:2072. [PMID: 36556292 PMCID: PMC9782496 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12122072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) constitute a cellular immune network across the epidermis. Because they are located at the skin barrier, they are considered immune sentinels of the skin. These antigen-presenting cells are capable of migrating to skin draining lymph nodes to prime adaptive immune cells, namely T- and B-lymphocytes, which will ultimately lead to a broad range of immune responses. Moreover, LCs have been shown to possess important roles in the anti-cancer immune responses. Indeed, the literature nicely highlights the role of LCs in melanoma. In line with this, LCs have been found in melanoma tissues where they contribute to the local immune response. Moreover, the immunogenic properties of LCs render them attractive targets for designing vaccines to treat melanoma and autoimmune diseases. Overall, future studies will help to enlarge the portfolio of immune properties of LCs, and aid the prognosis and development of novel therapeutic approaches to treating skin pathologies, including cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 76201 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghita Jugulete
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Clinical Section IX—Pediatrics, “Prof. Dr. Matei Balş” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Victor Cauni
- Department of Urology, Colentina University Hospital, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sandrine Dubrac
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Attila Gábor Szöllősi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sabina Zurac
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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17
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Shi Z, Gu J, Yao Y, Wu Z. Identification of a predictive gene signature related to pyroptosis for the prognosis of cutaneous melanoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30564. [PMID: 36086707 PMCID: PMC10980462 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a form of inflammatory programmed cell death. However, because of no specific molecular biomarker, pyroptosis has not been considered as a novel therapeutic method to treat cutaneous melanoma (CM). Here, we identified pyroptosis genes that associate with the prognosis of CM patients and constructed an effective model for the prognostic prediction of CM patients. To identify genes related to pyroptosis that are differentially expressed in CM, we obtained gene expression data of CM patients and normal skin tissues from the Cancer Genome Atlas and the Genotype-Tissue Expression databases, and used another cohort obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus database for validation. Three genes (BST2, GBP5, and AIM2) that were associated with prognosis were found and incorporated into our prognostic model. Furthermore, we divided the patients into 2 groups: a high-risk group and a low-risk group. Functional analyses indicated that our model was correlated with patient survival and cancer growth. Multivariate and univariate Cox regressions revealed that the constructed model could serve as an independent prognostic factor for CM patients. Meanwhile, compared with other clinical characteristics, our model significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy. Gene function analysis revealed that pyroptosis genes BST2, GBP5, and AIM2 were differentially expressed in CM patients and positively associated with patient prognosis. Finally, a risk score was used to generate nomograms that displayed favorable discriminatory abilities for CM. In summary, our model could significantly predict the prognosis of CM patients and be used for the development of CM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Shi
- Department of Hand Plastic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Gu
- Department of Laboratory, Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yao
- Department of Hand Plastic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyuan Wu
- Department of Hand Plastic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Wang J, Gao J, Huang C, Jeong S, Ko R, Shen X, Chen C, Zhong W, Zou Y, Yu B, Shen C. Roles of AIM2 Gene and AIM2 Inflammasome in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Psoriasis. Front Genet 2022; 13:929162. [PMID: 36118867 PMCID: PMC9481235 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.929162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory skin disease caused by a combination of environmental incentives, polygenic genetic control, and immune regulation. The inflammation-related gene absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) was identified as a susceptibility gene for psoriasis. AIM2 inflammasome formed from the combination of AIM2, PYD-linked apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) and Caspase-1 promotes the maturation and release of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18, and triggers an inflammatory response. Studies showed the genetic and epigenetic associations between AIM2 gene and psoriasis. AIM2 gene has an essential role in the occurrence and development of psoriasis, and the inhibitors of AIM2 inflammasome will be new therapeutic targets for psoriasis. In this review, we summarized the roles of the AIM2 gene and AIM2 inflammasome in pathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis, hopefully providing a better understanding and new insight into the roles of AIM2 gene and AIM2 inflammasome in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University—The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University—The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Sohyun Jeong
- Marcus Institute for Aging Research at Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Randy Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Xue Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaofeng Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University—The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weilong Zhong
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University—The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanfen Zou
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University—The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University—The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Changbing Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University—The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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19
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Ageedi W, Zhang C, Frankel WC, Dawson A, Li Y, Coselli JS, Shen HY, LeMaire SA. AIM2 Inflammasome Activation Contributes to Aortic Dissection in a Sporadic Aortic Disease Mouse Model. J Surg Res 2022; 272:105-116. [PMID: 34963084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome induces pyroptosis, tissue inflammation, and extracellular matrix destruction. We tested the hypothesis that the AIM2 inflammasome contributes to aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD) development by promoting pyroptosis in smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS We examined AIM2 expression in aortic tissues from patients with ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (ATAA) and aortic dissection (ATAD) and from organ donor controls. AIM2's role in AAD development was evaluated in AIM2-deficient mice in a sporadic AAD model induced by challenging mice with a high-fat diet and angiotensin II infusion. The direct effects of dsDNA on SMC death in vitro were studied. RESULTS Western blot analyses showed that AIM2 was increased in ATAD compared to ATAA and control tissue. Immunofluorescence demonstrated increased AIM2 in SMCs and macrophages in the aortic media and adventitia of dissected tissue. Increased AIM2 abundance was associated with increased cleavage of caspase-1 and cleavage of gasdermin-D, indicating activation of pyroptosis. In a mouse model of sporadic AAD induced by high-fat diet and angiotensin II infusion, AIM2-deficient mice showed significant reduction in aortic dissection, but not aneurysm formation in all aortic segments, versus wild-type mice. Finally, treating cultured human aortic SMCs with double-stranded DNA induced AIM2 expression, caspase-1 cleavage, and gasdermin-D cleavage; these effects were reduced by silencing AIM2 and caspase-1 genes, suggesting involvement of the AIM2 inflammasome in cytosolic DNA-induced activation of SMC pyroptosis. CONCLUSIONS Activation of the AIM2 inflammasome cascade contributes to aortic degeneration and dissection, in part, by activating pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Ageedi
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Chen Zhang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - William Case Frankel
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ashley Dawson
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yang Li
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph S Coselli
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Hu Ying Shen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
| | - Scott A LeMaire
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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20
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Chung H, Komada T, Lau A, Chappellaz M, Platnich JM, de Koning HD, Petri B, Luque Y, Walker S, Benediktsson H, Mesnard L, Chun J, Muruve DA. AIM2 Suppresses Inflammation and Epithelial Cell Proliferation during Glomerulonephritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2799-2812. [PMID: 34740957 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Absent in melanoma-2 (AIM2) is an inflammasome-forming innate immune sensor for dsDNA but also exhibits inflammasome-independent functions such as restricting cellular proliferation. AIM2 is expressed in the kidney, but its localization and function are not fully characterized. In normal human glomeruli, AIM2 localized to podocytes. In patients with glomerulonephritis, AIM2 expression increased in CD44+-activated parietal epithelial cells within glomerular crescents. To explore AIM2 effects in glomerular disease, studies in Aim2 -/- mice were performed. Aim2-/- glomeruli showed reduced expression of Wilm tumor gene-1 (WT1), WT1-driven podocyte genes, and increased proliferation in outgrowth assays. In a nephrotoxic serum (NTS)-induced glomerulonephritis model, Aim2-/- (B6) mice exhibited more severe glomerular crescent formation, tubular injury, inflammation, and proteinuria compared with wild-type controls. Inflammasome activation markers were absent in both Aim2 -/- and wild-type kidneys, despite an increased inflammatory transcriptomic signature in Aim2 -/- mice. Aim2 -/- mice also demonstrated dysregulated cellular proliferation and an increase in CD44+ parietal epithelial cells during glomerulonephritis. The augmented inflammation and epithelial cell proliferation in Aim2 -/- (B6) mice was not due to genetic background, as Aim2 -/- (B6.129) mice demonstrated a similar phenotype during NTS glomerulonephritis. The AIM2-like receptor (ALR) locus was necessary for the inflammatory glomerulonephritis phenotype observed in Aim2 -/- mice, as NTS-treated ALR -/- mice displayed equal levels of injury as wild-type controls. Podocyte outgrowth from ALR -/- glomeruli was still increased, however, confirming that the ALR locus is dispensable for AIM2 effects on epithelial cell proliferation. These results identify a noncanonical role for AIM2 in suppressing inflammation and epithelial cell proliferation during glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjae Chung
- Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Takanori Komada
- Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Arthur Lau
- Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mona Chappellaz
- Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jaye M Platnich
- Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Heleen D de Koning
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Björn Petri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yosu Luque
- Soins Intensifs Néphrologiques et Rein Aigu (SINRA), Département de Néphrologie, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Inserm UMR_S1155, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; and
| | - Simon Walker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hallgrimur Benediktsson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Laurent Mesnard
- Soins Intensifs Néphrologiques et Rein Aigu (SINRA), Département de Néphrologie, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Inserm UMR_S1155, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; and
| | - Justin Chun
- Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel A Muruve
- Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
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21
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Beck MA, Fischer H, Grabner LM, Groffics T, Winter M, Tangermann S, Meischel T, Zaussinger‐Haas B, Wagner P, Fischer C, Folie C, Arand J, Schöfer C, Ramsahoye B, Lagger S, Machat G, Eisenwort G, Schneider S, Podhornik A, Kothmayer M, Reichart U, Glösmann M, Tamir I, Mildner M, Sheibani‐Tezerji R, Kenner L, Petzelbauer P, Egger G, Sibilia M, Ablasser A, Seiser C. DNA hypomethylation leads to cGAS-induced autoinflammation in the epidermis. EMBO J 2021; 40:e108234. [PMID: 34586646 PMCID: PMC8591534 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a fundamental epigenetic modification, important across biological processes. The maintenance methyltransferase DNMT1 is essential for lineage differentiation during development, but its functions in tissue homeostasis are incompletely understood. We show that epidermis-specific DNMT1 deletion severely disrupts epidermal structure and homeostasis, initiating a massive innate immune response and infiltration of immune cells. Mechanistically, DNA hypomethylation in keratinocytes triggered transposon derepression, mitotic defects, and formation of micronuclei. DNA release into the cytosol of DNMT1-deficient keratinocytes activated signaling through cGAS and STING, thus triggering inflammation. Our findings show that disruption of a key epigenetic mark directly impacts immune and tissue homeostasis, and potentially impacts our understanding of autoinflammatory diseases and cancer immunotherapy.
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22
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Pastar I, Sawaya AP, Marjanovic J, Burgess JL, Strbo N, Rivas KE, Wikramanayake TC, Head CR, Stone RC, Jozic I, Stojadinovic O, Kornfeld EY, Kirsner RS, Lev-Tov H, Tomic-Canic M. Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus triggers pyroptosis and contributes to inhibition of healing due to Perforin-2 suppression. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:133727. [PMID: 34730110 DOI: 10.1172/jci133727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired wound healing associated with recurrent Staphylococcus aureus infection and unresolved inflammation are hallmarks of non-healing diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Perforin-2, an innate immunity molecule against intracellular bacteria, limits cutaneous infection and dissemination of S. aureus in mice. Here we report the intracellular accumulation of S. aureus in the epidermis of DFU with no clinical signs of infection due to marked suppression of Perforin-2. S. aureus residing within the epidermis of DFU triggers AIM2-inflammasome activation and pyroptosis. These findings were corroborated in mice lacking Perforin-2. The effects of pyroptosis on DFU clinical outcomes were further elucidated in a 4-week longitudinal clinical study in DFU patients undergoing standard of care. Increased AIM2-inflammasome and ASC-pyroptosome coupled with induction of IL-1β were found in non-healing when compared to healing DFU. Our findings reveal novel mechanism that includes Perforin-2 suppression, intracellular S. aureus accumulation and associated induction of pyroptosis that contribute to healing inhibition and prolonged inflammation in patients with DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Pastar
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States of America
| | - Andrew P Sawaya
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States of America
| | - Jelena Marjanovic
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States of America
| | - Jamie L Burgess
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States of America
| | - Natasa Strbo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States of America
| | - Katelyn E Rivas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States of America
| | - Tongyu C Wikramanayake
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States of America
| | - Cheyanne R Head
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States of America
| | - Rivka C Stone
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States of America
| | - Ivan Jozic
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States of America
| | - Olivera Stojadinovic
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States of America
| | - Eran Y Kornfeld
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States of America
| | - Robert S Kirsner
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States of America
| | - Hadar Lev-Tov
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States of America
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States of America
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23
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Tang H, Tang X, Guo Z, Cheng H, Zheng X, Chen G, Huang H, Wang W, Gao J, Sheng Y, Fan X, Sun L. AURKA facilitates the psoriasis-related inflammation by impeding autophagy-mediated AIM2 inflammasome suppression. Immunol Lett 2021; 240:98-105. [PMID: 34710506 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated genetic disease involving innate and the adaptive immune system. Aurora kinase A (AURKA) belongs to a seine/threonine kinases family and is elevated in lesional psoriatic tissues. This research aimed to investigate the effects of AURKA on psoriasis progression and whether it worked by regulating autophagy or inflammasome activation. The results showed that the expression of AURKA was higher in psoriasis tissue than that in the psoriasis skin. IFN-γ (100 ng/mL) plus poly (dA:dT) (2 mg/mL) induced the increased AURKA, secretion of IL-1β, IL-18 and the active form of caspase-1 (p20). AURKA knockdown inhibited the inflammatory responses of keratinocytes and the activation of AIM2 inflammasome, and enhanced autophagy. 3MA (autophagy inhibitor) attenuated the effects of AURKA on AIM2 inflammasome. In addition, AURKA promoted the activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway. Akt inhibitor (PI-103) attenuated AIM2 inflammasome activation induced by Aurka overexpression. In conclusion, this research demonstrated that AURKA promoted the psoriasis-related inflammation by blocking autophagy-mediated AIM2 inflammasome suppression. AURKA has the potential to be explored as a new promising target for the treatment for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayang Tang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China.
| | - Xianfa Tang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Ze Guo
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Jinping Gao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Yujun Sheng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Liangdan Sun
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
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24
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Zhu H, Zhao M, Chang C, Chan V, Lu Q, Wu H. The complex role of AIM2 in autoimmune diseases and cancers. Immun Inflamm Dis 2021; 9:649-665. [PMID: 34014039 PMCID: PMC8342223 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is a novel member of interferon (IFN)-inducible PYHIN proteins. In innate immune cells, AIM2 servers as a cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA sensor, playing a crucial role in the initiation of the innate immune response as a component of the inflammasome. AIM2 expression is increased in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis, and primary Sjogren's syndrome, indicating that AIM2 might be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Meanwhile, AIM2 also plays an antitumorigenesis role in an inflammasome independent-manner. In melanoma, AIM2 is initially identified as a tumor suppressor factor. However, AIM2 is also found to contribute to lung tumorigenesis via the inflammasome-dependent release of interleukin 1β and regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Additionally, AIM2 reciprocally dampening the cGAS-STING pathway causes immunosuppression of macrophages and evasion of antitumor immunity during antibody treatment. To summarize the complicated effect and role of AIM2 in autoimmune diseases and cancers, herein, we provide an overview of the emerging research progress on the function and regulatory pathway of AIM2 in innate and adaptive immune cells, as well as tumor cells, and discuss its pathogenic role in autoimmune diseases, such as SLE, psoriasis, primary Sjogren's syndrome, and cancers, such as melanomas, non-small-cell lung cancer, colon cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, renal carcinoma, and so on, hopefully providing potential therapeutic and diagnostic strategies for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Christopher Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of California at Davis School of MedicineDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Vera Chan
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Institute of DermatologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNanjingChina
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
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25
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Ferrari D, Casciano F, Secchiero P, Reali E. Purinergic Signaling and Inflammasome Activation in Psoriasis Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179449. [PMID: 34502368 PMCID: PMC8430580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin associated with systemic and joint manifestations and accompanied by comorbidities, such as metabolic syndrome and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Psoriasis has a strong genetic basis, but exacerbation requires additional signals that are still largely unknown. The clinical manifestations involve the interplay between dendritic and T cells in the dermis to generate a self-sustaining inflammatory loop around the TNFα/IL-23/IL-17 axis that forms the psoriatic plaque. In addition, in recent years, a critical role of keratinocytes in establishing the interplay that leads to psoriatic plaques’ formation has re-emerged. In this review, we analyze the most recent evidence of the role of keratinocytes and danger associates molecular patterns, such as extracellular ATP in the generation of psoriatic skin lesions. Particular attention will be given to purinergic signaling in inflammasome activation and in the initiation of psoriasis. In this phase, keratinocytes’ inflammasome may trigger early inflammatory pathways involving IL-1β production, to elicit the subsequent cascade of events that leads to dendritic and T cell activation. Since psoriasis is likely triggered by skin-damaging events and trauma, we can envisage that intracellular ATP, released by damaged cells, may play a role in triggering the inflammatory response underlying the pathogenesis of the disease by activating the inflammasome. Therefore, purinergic signaling in the skin could represent a new and early step of psoriasis; thus, opening the possibility to target single molecular actors of the purinome to develop new psoriasis treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ferrari
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Section of Microbiology and Applied Pathology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Fabio Casciano
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (P.S.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center for the Study of Multiple Sclerosis and Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Eva Reali
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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26
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The Psoriatic Nonlesional Skin: A Battlefield between Susceptibility and Protective Factors. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2785-2790. [PMID: 34216605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades, large-scale gene-expression studies on psoriatic skin samples revealed that even though nonlesional skin is macroscopically identical to healthy skin, it harbors several molecular differences. Originally, these molecular differences were thought to represent susceptibility factors for plaque formation. However, we review in this paper the several factors of immune regulation and structural alteration that are specific for the nonlesional skin and serve as protective factors by counteracting plaque formation and contributing to the maintenance of the nonlesional phenotype.
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27
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Abstract
SUMMARY Exposure to air pollutants has been now associated with detrimental effects on a variety of organs, including the heart, lungs, GI tract, and brain. However, recently it has become clear that pollutant exposure can also promote the development/exacerbation of a variety of skin conditions, including premature aging, psoriasis, acne, and atopic dermatitis. Although the molecular mechanisms by which pollutant exposure results in these cutaneous pathological manifestations, it has been noticed that an inflammatory status is a common denominator of all those skin conditions. For this reason, recently, the activation of a cytosolic multiprotein complex involved in inflammatory responses (the inflammasome) that could promote the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 has been hypothesized to play a key role in pollution-induced skin damage. In this review, we summarize and propose the cutaneous inflammasome as a novel target of pollutant exposure and the eventual usage of inflammasome inhibitor as new technologies to counteract pollution-induced skin damage. Possibly, the ability to inhibit the inflammasome activation could prevent cutaneous inflammaging and ameliorate the health and appearance of the skin.
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28
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Zhang C, Chen M, Chi Z. Cytokine secretion and pyroptosis of cholesteatoma keratinocytes mediated by AIM2 inflammasomes in response to cytoplasmic DNA. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:344. [PMID: 33760111 PMCID: PMC7974272 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesteatoma constitutes an acquired benign epidermal non-permanent bone lesion that is locally destructive and patients often relapse. Inflammasomes, which mediate the maturation and production of IL-18 and IL-1β, resulting in pyroptosis, have been documented to serve a core function in multiple inflammatory conditions. Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is an inflammasome that identifies cytoplasmic DNA and has previously been reported as a pivotal modulator of inflammatory responses. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the expression levels of AIM2 in human cholesteatoma tissues, and elucidate its function in modulating cytokine production. The expression levels of IL-18, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), IL-1β, AIM2 and caspase-1 were markedly elevated in cholesteatoma tissues. Protein expression levels of AIM2, caspase-1 and ASC were localized in the cellular cytoplasm, primarily in the granular and prickle-cell layers in the cholesteatoma epithelium. Induction using IFN-γ, as well as cytoplasmic DNA markedly activated the AIM2 inflammasome and elevated the release of IL-18 and IL-1β in human cholesteatoma keratinocytes. IFN-γ was found to enhance poly(dA:dT)-induced pyroptosis of cells and cytokine production. The results of the present study revealed that AIM2 expressed in human cholesteatoma serves a vital function in the inflammatory response by initiating the inflammasome signaling cascade in cholesteatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- ENT Institute and Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Zhangcai Chi
- ENT Institute and Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
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29
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Suryavanshi SV, Kovalchuk I, Kovalchuk O. Cannabinoids as Key Regulators of Inflammasome Signaling: A Current Perspective. Front Immunol 2021; 11:613613. [PMID: 33584697 PMCID: PMC7876066 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.613613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytoplasmic inflammatory signaling protein complexes that detect microbial materials, sterile inflammatory insults, and certain host-derived elements. Inflammasomes, once activated, promote caspase-1–mediated maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, leading to pyroptosis. Current advances in inflammasome research support their involvement in the development of chronic inflammatory disorders in contrast to their role in regulating innate immunity. Cannabis (marijuana) is a natural product obtained from the Cannabis sativa plant, and pharmacologically active ingredients of the plant are referred to as cannabinoids. Cannabinoids and cannabis extracts have recently emerged as promising novel drugs for chronic medical conditions. Growing evidence indicates the potent anti-inflammatory potential of cannabinoids, especially Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and synthetic cannabinoids; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. Several attempts have been made to decipher the role of cannabinoids in modulating inflammasome signaling in the etiology of chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss recently published evidence on the effect of cannabinoids on inflammasome signaling. We also discuss the contribution of various cannabinoids in human diseases concerning inflammasome regulation. Lastly, in the milieu of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we confer available evidence linking inflammasome activation to the pathophysiology of COVID-19 suggesting overall, the importance of cannabinoids as possible drugs to target inflammasome activation in or to support the treatment of a variety of human disorders including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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30
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Structure, Activation and Regulation of NLRP3 and AIM2 Inflammasomes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020872. [PMID: 33467177 PMCID: PMC7830601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a three-component (sensor, adaptor, and effector) filamentous signaling platform that shields from multiple pathogenic infections by stimulating the proteolytical maturation of proinflammatory cytokines and pyroptotic cell death. The signaling process initiates with the detection of endogenous and/or external danger signals by specific sensors, followed by the nucleation and polymerization from sensor to downstream adaptor and then to the effector, caspase-1. Aberrant activation of inflammasomes promotes autoinflammatory diseases, cancer, neurodegeneration, and cardiometabolic disorders. Therefore, an equitable level of regulation is required to maintain the equilibrium between inflammasome activation and inhibition. Recent advancement in the structural and mechanistic understanding of inflammasome assembly potentiates the emergence of novel therapeutics against inflammasome-regulated diseases. In this review, we have comprehensively discussed the recent and updated insights into the structure of inflammasome components, their activation, interaction, mechanism of regulation, and finally, the formation of densely packed filamentous inflammasome complex that exists as micron-sized punctum in the cells and mediates the immune responses.
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31
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Piipponen M, Li D, Landén NX. The Immune Functions of Keratinocytes in Skin Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8790. [PMID: 33233704 PMCID: PMC7699912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most dominant cell type in the skin, keratinocytes play critical roles in wound repair not only as structural cells but also exerting important immune functions. This review focuses on the communications between keratinocytes and immune cells in wound healing, which are mediated by various cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular vesicles. Keratinocytes can also directly interact with T cells via antigen presentation. Moreover, keratinocytes produce antimicrobial peptides that can directly kill the invading pathogens and contribute to wound repair in many aspects. We also reviewed the epigenetic mechanisms known to regulate keratinocyte immune functions, including histone modifications, non-protein-coding RNAs (e.g., microRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs), and chromatin dynamics. Lastly, we summarized the current evidence on the dysregulated immune functions of keratinocytes in chronic nonhealing wounds. Based on their crucial immune functions in skin wound healing, we propose that keratinocytes significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic wound inflammation. We hope this review will trigger an interest in investigating the immune roles of keratinocytes in chronic wound pathology, which may open up new avenues for developing innovative wound treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ning Xu Landén
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Dermatology and Venereology Division, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.P.); (D.L.)
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32
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Tang L, Zhou F. Inflammasomes in Common Immune-Related Skin Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:882. [PMID: 32528469 PMCID: PMC7247819 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is an important protein complex that cleaves the proinflammatory cytokines pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 into their active forms. Owing to its critical role in eliciting innate immune responses, IL-1β has been suggested to contribute to various skin diseases, including psoriasis, vitiligo, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and atopic dermatitis (AD). Recently, several types of activators and inhibitors of different inflammasomes, as well as inflammasome-related genes and genetic susceptibility loci, have been identified in these immune-related common skin diseases. In particular, inflammasome activators and inhibitors presented highly cell-type-specific activity, suggesting that the inflammasome might perform different functions in different cell types. Moreover, most of these findings were based on experimental disease models, and the clinical features of the models partly resemble the typical symptoms of the diseases. In this review, from the perspective of activators and inhibitors, we collected evidence from the widely-studied inflammasomes, NLRP3, AIM2, and NLRP1, in psoriasis, vitiligo, SLE, and AD. Importantly, some small-molecule inhibitors hold therapeutic promise for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Tang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Fusheng Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
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33
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Yang G, Seok JK, Kang HC, Cho YY, Lee HS, Lee JY. Skin Barrier Abnormalities and Immune Dysfunction in Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082867. [PMID: 32326002 PMCID: PMC7215310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common and relapsing skin disease that is characterized by skin barrier dysfunction, inflammation, and chronic pruritus. While AD was previously thought to occur primarily in children, increasing evidence suggests that AD is more common in adults than previously assumed. Accumulating evidence from experimental, genetic, and clinical studies indicates that AD expression is a precondition for the later development of other atopic diseases, such as asthma, food allergies, and allergic rhinitis. Although the exact mechanisms of the disease pathogenesis remain unclear, it is evident that both cutaneous barrier dysfunction and immune dysregulation are critical etiologies of AD pathology. This review explores recent findings on AD and the possible underlying mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis, which is characterized by dysregulation of immunological and skin barrier integrity and function, supporting the idea that AD is a systemic disease. These findings provide further insights for therapeutic developments aiming to repair the skin barrier and decrease inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabsik Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonbuk 55338, Korea;
| | - Jin Kyung Seok
- BK21plus Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (J.K.S.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Han Chang Kang
- BK21plus Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (J.K.S.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Yong-Yeon Cho
- BK21plus Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (J.K.S.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Hye Suk Lee
- BK21plus Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (J.K.S.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Joo Young Lee
- BK21plus Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (J.K.S.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2164-4095
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Marchesan JT, Girnary MS, Moss K, Monaghan ET, Egnatz GJ, Jiao Y, Zhang S, Beck J, Swanson KV. Role of inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and therapeutics. Periodontol 2000 2020; 82:93-114. [PMID: 31850638 PMCID: PMC6927484 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are a group of multimolecular intracellular complexes assembled around several innate immune proteins. Recognition of a diverse range of microbial, stress and damage signals by inflammasomes results in direct activation of caspase‐1, which subsequently induces the only known form of secretion of active interleukin‐1β and interleukin‐18. Although the importance of interleukin‐1β in the periodontium is not questioned, the impact of inflammasomes in periodontal disease and its potential for therapeutics in periodontology is still in its very early stages. Increasing evidence in preclinical models and human data strongly implicate the involvement of inflammasomes in a number of inflammatory, autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Here we review: (a) the currently known inflammasome functions, (b) clinical/preclinical data supporting inflammasome involvement in the context of periodontal and comorbid diseases and (c) potential therapies targeting inflammasomes. To clarify further the inflammasome involvement in periodontitis, we present analyses of data from a large clinical study (n = 5809) that measured the gingival crevicular fluid‐interleukin‐1β and grouped the participants based on current periodontal disease classifications. We review data on 4910 European‐Americans that correlate 16 polymorphisms in the interleukin‐1B region with high gingival crevicular fluid‐interleukin‐1β levels. We show that inflammasome components are increased in diseased periodontal tissues and that the caspase‐1 inhibitor, VX‐765, inhibits ~50% of alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis. The literature review further supports that although patients clinically present with the same phenotype, the disease that develops probably has different underlying biological pathways. The current data indicate that inflammasomes have a role in periodontal disease pathogenesis. Understanding the contribution of different inflammasomes to disease development and distinct patient susceptibility will probably translate into improved, personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie T Marchesan
- Department of Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mustafa Saadat Girnary
- Department of Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin Moss
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eugenia Timofeev Monaghan
- Department of Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Grant Joseph Egnatz
- Department of Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yizu Jiao
- Department of Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shaoping Zhang
- Periodontics Department, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jim Beck
- Department of Dental Ecology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Karen V Swanson
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Hachim MY, Khalil BA, Elemam NM, Maghazachi AA. Pyroptosis: The missing puzzle among innate and adaptive immunity crosstalk. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:323-338. [PMID: 32083338 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mir0120-625r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a newly discovered programmed cell death with inflammasome formation. Pattern recognition receptors that identify repetitive motifs of prospective pathogens such as LPS of gram-negative bacteria are crucial to pyroptosis. Upon stimulation by pathogen-associated molecular patterns or damage-associated molecular patterns, proinflammatory cytokines, mainly IL-1 family members IL-1β and IL-18, are released through pyroptosis specific pore-forming protein, gasdermin D. Even though IL-1 family members are mainly involved in innate immunity, they can be factors in adaptive immunity. Given the importance of IL-1 family members in health and diseases, deciphering the role of pyroptosis in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity is of great importance, especially with the recent progress in identifying the exact mechanism of such a pathway. In this review, we will focus on how the innate inflammatory mediators can regulate the adaptive immune system and vice versa via pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Y Hachim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, and the Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bariaa A Khalil
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, and the Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noha M Elemam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, and the Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Azzam A Maghazachi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, and the Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Li W, Zheng Q, Meng H, Chen D. Integration of genome-wide association study and expression quantitative trait loci data identifies AIM2 as a risk gene of periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:583-593. [PMID: 32031269 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify risk variants associated with gene expression in peripheral blood and to identify genes whose expression change may contribute to the susceptibility to periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS We systematically integrated the genetic associations from a recent large-scale periodontitis GWAS and blood expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data using Sherlock, a Bayesian statistical framework. We then validated the potential causal genes in independent gene expression data sets. Gene co-expression analysis was used to explore the functional relationship for the identified causal genes. RESULTS Sherlock analysis identified 10 genes (rs7403881 for MT1L, rs12459542 for SIGLEC5, rs12459542 for SIGLEC14, rs6680386 for S100A12, rs10489524 for TRIM33, rs11962642 for HIST1H3E, rs2814770 for AIM2, rs7593959 for FASTKD2, rs10416904 for PKN1, and rs10508204 for WDR37) whose expression may influence periodontitis. Among these genes, AIM2 was consistent significantly upregulated in periodontium of periodontitis patients across four data sets. The cis-eQTL (rs2814770, ~16 kb upstream of AIM2) showed significant association with AIM2 (p = 6.63 × 10-6 ) and suggestive association with periodontitis (p = 7.52 × 10-4 ). We also validated the significant association between rs2814770 and AIM2 expression in independent expression data set. Pathway analysis revealed that genes co-expressed with AIM2 were significantly enriched in immune- and inflammation-related pathways. CONCLUSION Our findings implicate that AIM2 is a susceptibility gene, expression of which in gingiva may influence periodontitis risk. Further functional investigation of AIM2 may provide new insight for periodontitis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Qiwen Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huanxin Meng
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Dafang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Emran AA, Tseng HY, Coleman MC, Tiffen J, Cook S, McGuire HM, Gallagher S, Feng C, Hersey P. Do innate killing mechanisms activated by inflammasomes have a role in treating melanoma? Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 33:660-670. [PMID: 32027447 PMCID: PMC7497247 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma, as for many other cancers, undergoes a selection process during progression that limits many innate and adaptive tumor control mechanisms. Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint blockade overcomes one of the escape mechanisms but if the tumor is not eliminated other escape mechanisms evolve that require new approaches for tumor control. Some of the innate mechanisms that have evolved against infections with microorganisms and viruses are proving to be active against cancer cells but require better understanding of how they are activated and what inhibitory mechanisms may need to be targeted. This is particularly so for inflammasomes which have evolved against many different organisms and which recruit a number of cytotoxic mechanisms that remain poorly understood. Equally important is understanding of where these mechanisms will fit into existing treatment strategies and whether existing strategies already involve the innate killing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Emran
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Group, The Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hsin-Yi Tseng
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Group, The Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mikaela C Coleman
- Immunology and Host Defence Group, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessamy Tiffen
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Group, The Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stuart Cook
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Group, The Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helen M McGuire
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stuart Gallagher
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Group, The Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carl Feng
- Immunology and Host Defence Group, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Hersey
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Group, The Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Lu F, Lan Z, Xin Z, He C, Guo Z, Xia X, Hu T. Emerging insights into molecular mechanisms underlying pyroptosis and functions of inflammasomes in diseases. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3207-3221. [PMID: 31621910 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a form of necrotic and inflammatory programmed cell death, which could be characterized by cell swelling, pore formation on plasma membranes, and release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18). The process of pyroptosis presents as dual effects: protecting multicellular organisms from microbial infection and endogenous dangers; leading to pathological inflammation if overactivated. Two pathways have been found to trigger pyroptosis: caspase-1 mediated inflammasome pathway with the involvement of NLRP1-, NLRP3-, NLRC4-, AIM2-, pyrin-inflammasome (canonical inflammasome pathway) and caspase-4/5/11-mediated inflammasome pathway (noncanonical inflammasome pathway). Gasdermin D (GSDMD) has been proved to be a substrate of inflammatory caspases (caspase-1/4/5/11), and the cleaved N-terminal domain of GSDMD oligomerizes to form cytotoxic pores on the plasma membrane. Here, we mainly reviewed the up to date mechanisms of pyroptosis, and began with the inflammasomes as the activator of caspase-1/caspase-11, 4, and 5. We further discussed these inflammasomes functions in diseases, including infectious diseases, sepsis, inflammatory autoimmune diseases, and neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhixin Lan
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhaoqi Xin
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chunrong He
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zimeng Guo
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Tu Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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39
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Curcumin inhibits poly(dA:dT)-induced IL-18 secretion by inhibiting the ASC oligomerization in human keratinocytes. Mol Cell Toxicol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-019-0043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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40
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Sharma BR, Karki R, Kanneganti TD. Role of AIM2 inflammasome in inflammatory diseases, cancer and infection. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1998-2011. [PMID: 31372985 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201848070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM2 is a cytosolic innate immune receptor which recognizes double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) released during cellular perturbation and pathogenic assault. AIM2 recognition of dsDNA leads to the assembly of a large multiprotein oligomeric complex termed the inflammasome. This inflammasome assembly leads to the secretion of bioactive interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 and induction of an inflammatory form of cell death called pyroptosis. Sensing of dsDNA by AIM2 in the cytosol is crucial to mediate protection against the invading pathogens including bacteria, virus, fungi and parasites. AIM2 also responds to dsDNA released from damaged host cells, resulting in the secretion of the effector cytokines thereby driving the progression of sterile inflammatory diseases such as skin disease, neuronal disease, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Additionally, the protection mediated by AIM2 in the development of colorectal cancer depends on its ability to regulate epithelial cell proliferation and gut microbiota in maintaining intestinal homeostasis independently of the effector cytokines. In this review, we will highlight the recent progress on the role of the AIM2 inflammasome as a guardian of cellular integrity in modulating chronic inflammatory diseases, cancer and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhesh Raj Sharma
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rajendra Karki
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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41
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Eckhart L, Tschachler E. Control of cell death-associated danger signals during cornification prevents autoinflammation of the skin. Exp Dermatol 2019; 27:884-891. [PMID: 29862564 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The function of the skin as a barrier to the environment is mainly achieved by the outermost layers of the epidermis. In the granular layer, epidermal keratinocytes undergo the last steps of their terminal differentiation program resulting in cornification. The coordinated conversion of living keratinocytes into corneocytes, the building blocks of the cornified layer, represents a unique form of programmed cell death. Recent studies have identified numerous genes that are specifically expressed in terminally differentiated keratinocytes and, surprisingly, this genetic program does not only include mediators of cornification but also suppressors of pyroptosis, another mode of programmed cell death. Pyroptosis is activated by inflammasomes, leads to the release of interleukin-1 (IL-1) family cytokines, and thereby activates inflammation. In addition, inhibitors of potentially pro-inflammatory proteases and enzymes removing danger-associated cytoplasmic DNA are expressed in differentiated keratinocytes. We propose the concept of cornification as an inherently hazardous process in which damaging side effects are actively suppressed by protective mechanisms. In support of this hypothesis, loss-of-function mutations in epidermal protease inhibitors and IL-1 family antagonists suffice to induce autoinflammation. Similarly, exogenous disturbances of either cornification or its accompanying control mechanisms may be starting points for skin inflammation. Further studies into the relationship between cornification, pyroptosis and other forms of cell death will help to define the initiation phase of inflammatory skin diseases and offer new targets for disease prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopold Eckhart
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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42
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Domingues R, Pietrobon AJ, Carvalho GC, Pereira NZ, Pereira NV, Sotto MN, Aoki V, Duarte AJS, Sato MN. Lichen planus: altered AIM2 and NLRP1 expression in skin lesions and defective activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Clin Exp Dermatol 2018; 44:e89-e95. [PMID: 30552699 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichen planus (LP) is an inflammatory skin disease with unknown aetiology. Activation by pathogen-associated molecular patterns or environmental stimuli may activate some components of inflammasomes that contribute to the inflammatory process in LP lesions. AIM To characterize the inflammasomes in skin lesions and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with LP under Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. METHODS In total, 15 patients with LP and 14 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in the study. Inflammasome expression in skin was evaluated by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, while ELISA was used to assess the production of interleukin (IL)-1β by PBMCs under stimulation with TLR4 and TLR7/TLR8 agonists and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). RESULTS Compared with the levels in HC samples, increased expression of the inflammasome AIM2 was verified in both epidermal and dermal sections of LP skin lesions, whereas NLRP1 and IL-β expression levels were enhanced in the dermis. LP skin lesion samples exhibited higher AIM2 transcript levels, similar NLRP1 levels and lower pro-IL-1β mRNA levels compared with HC samples. We verified that, compared with PBMCs from HC subjects, PBMCs from patients with LP produced similar amounts of IL-1β after induction by TLR4 agonists but lower IL-1β levels after induction by TLR7/TLR8 agonists, regardless of the addition of ATP. CONCLUSION Alterations in innate immunity, such as inflammasome component expression in skin lesions and PBMCs, were observed in patients with LP. Further investigations of dysfunctional inflammasome activation and the chronic inflammatory status of LP are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Domingues
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A J Pietrobon
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G C Carvalho
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Z Pereira
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N V Pereira
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M N Sotto
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V Aoki
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A J S Duarte
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M N Sato
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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43
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Khan S, Godfrey V, Zaki MH. Cytosolic Nucleic Acid Sensors in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 344:215-253. [PMID: 30798989 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity employs germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to sense microbial pattern molecules. Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by various PPRs located on the cell membrane or in the cytosol leads to the activation of cell signaling pathways and production of inflammatory mediators. Nucleic acids including DNA, RNA, and their derivatives are potent PAMPs which can be recognized by multiple PRRs to induce inflammatory responses. While nucleic acid sensors can also sense endogenous nucleic acids, they are capable of discriminating self from non-self. However, defects in nucleic acid sensing PRRs or dysregulation of nucleic acid sensing signaling pathways may cause excessive activation of the immune system resulting in the development of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This review will discuss the major pathways for sensing intracellular nucleic acids and how defects in these nucleic acid sensing are associated with different kinds of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahanshah Khan
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Victoria Godfrey
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Md Hasan Zaki
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
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44
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Lee KM, Kang JH, Yun M, Lee SB. Quercetin inhibits the poly(dA:dT)-induced secretion of IL-18 via down-regulation of the expressions of AIM2 and pro-caspase-1 by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT1 pathway in IFN-γ-primed human keratinocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:116-122. [PMID: 29857000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin, a polyphenol, belongs to a class of flavonoids that exerts anti-inflammatory effects. Interleukin (IL)-18 is a member of the IL-1 family cytokine that regulates immune responses and is implicated in various inflammatory skin diseases. Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is a cytosolic double-stranded (ds) DNA sensor that recognizes the dsDNA of a microbial or host origin. Binding of dsDNA to AIM2 simulates caspase-1-dependent inflammasome activity, which leads to the production of IL-1β and IL-18. Increased levels of AIM2 have been observed in patients with inflammatory skin diseases. In the current study, we investigated the issue of whether or how Quercetin attenuates poly (dA:dT), a synthetic analog of microbial dsDNA, -induced IL-18 secretion in IFN-γ-primed human keratinocytes. Treatment with 5 and 10 μM of Quercetin inhibited the poly (dA:dT)-induced secretion of IL-18 after IFN-γ priming and before poly (dA:dT)-induced AIM2 activation. In addition, treatment with Quercetin at 10 μM, significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT1, and the nuclear translocation of phosphorylated STAT1 in poly (dA:dT)-treated and IFN-γ-primed keratinocytes. These results suggest that treatment with Quercetin inhibits the poly (dA:dT)-induced secretion of IL-18 via down-regulation of the expressions of AIM2 and pro-caspase-1 by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT1 pathway in IFN-γ-primed keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Mi Lee
- Institute of Hansen's Disease, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Kang
- Institute of Hansen's Disease, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mihee Yun
- Institute of Hansen's Disease, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Beom Lee
- Institute of Hansen's Disease, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
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45
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Farshchian M, Nissinen L, Siljamäki E, Riihilä P, Piipponen M, Kivisaari A, Kallajoki M, Grénman R, Peltonen J, Peltonen S, Quint KD, Bavinck JNB, Kähäri VM. Tumor cell-specific AIM2 regulates growth and invasion of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45825-45836. [PMID: 28526809 PMCID: PMC5542230 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common metastatic skin cancer. Inflammation is a typical feature in cSCC progression. Analysis of the expression of inflammasome components in cSCC cell lines and normal human epidermal keratinocytes revealed upregulation of the expression of AIM2 mRNA and protein in cSCC cells. Elevated levels of AIM2 mRNA were noted in cSCCs in vivo compared with normal skin. Strong and moderate tumor cell specific expression of AIM2 was detected with immunohistochemistry (IHC) in sporadic human cSCCs in vivo, whereas expression of AIM2 was moderate in cSCC in situ (cSCCIS) and low or absent in actinic keratosis (AK) and normal skin. IHC of cSCCs, cSCCIS and AKs from organ transplant recipients also revealed strong and moderate tumor cell specific expression of AIM2 in cSCCs. Knockdown of AIM2 resulted in reduction in viability of cSCC cells and onset of apoptosis. RNA-seq and pathway analysis after knockdown of AIM2 in cSCC cells revealed downregulation of the biofunction category Cell cycle and upregulation of the biofunction category Cell Death and Survival. Knockdown of AIM2 also resulted in reduction in invasion of cSCC cells and downregulation in production of invasion proteinases MMP1 and MMP13. Knockdown of AIM2 resulted in suppression of growth and vascularization of cSCC xenografts in vivo. These results provide evidence for the role of AIM2 in the progression of cSCC and identify AIM2 inflammasome function as a potential therapeutic target in these invasive and metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Farshchian
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Nissinen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Siljamäki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pilvi Riihilä
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Minna Piipponen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Atte Kivisaari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Markku Kallajoki
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Reidar Grénman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Peltonen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirkku Peltonen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Koen D Quint
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | | | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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46
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Ramachandran RA, Lupfer C, Zaki H. The Inflammasome: Regulation of Nitric Oxide and Antimicrobial Host Defence. Adv Microb Physiol 2018; 72:65-115. [PMID: 29778217 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous signalling molecule that plays diverse physiological functions including antimicrobial host defence. During microbial infection, NO is synthesized by inducible NO synthase (iNOS), which is expressed by host immune cells through the recognition of microbial pattern molecules. Therefore, sensing pathogens or their pattern molecules by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which are located at the cell surface, endosomal and phagosomal compartment, or in the cytosol, is key in inducing iNOS and eliciting antimicrobial host defence. A group of cytosolic PRRs is involved in inducing NO and other antimicrobial molecules by forming a molecular complex called the inflammasome. Assembled inflammasomes activate inflammatory caspases, such as caspase-1 and caspase-11, which in turn process proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 into their mature forms and induce pyroptotic cell death. IL-1β and IL-18 play a central role in immunity against microbial infection through activation and recruitment of immune cells, induction of inflammatory molecules, and regulation of antimicrobial mediators including NO. Interestingly, NO can also regulate inflammasome activity in an autocrine and paracrine manner. Here, we discuss molecular mechanisms of inflammasome formation and the inflammasome-mediated regulation of host defence responses during microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hasan Zaki
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
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47
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Huang S, Song Z, Huang Q, Jiang L, Chen L, Wang R, Lin Z. AIM2 Inflammasome Is Critical for dsDNA-Induced IL-1β Secretion in Human Dental Pulp Cells. Inflammation 2017; 41:409-417. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0697-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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48
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Šahmatova L, Sügis E, Šunina M, Hermann H, Prans E, Pihlap M, Abram K, Rebane A, Peterson H, Peterson P, Kingo K, Kisand K. Signs of innate immune activation and premature immunosenescence in psoriasis patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7553. [PMID: 28790368 PMCID: PMC5548718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07975-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects skin and is associated with systemic inflammation and many serious comorbidities ranging from metabolic syndrome to cancer. Important discoveries about psoriasis pathogenesis have enabled the development of effective biological treatments blocking the T helper 17 pathway. However, it has not been settled whether psoriasis is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease or an autoinflammatory disorder that is driven by exaggerated innate immune signalling. Our comparative gene expression and hierarchical cluster analysis reveal important gene circuits involving innate receptors. Innate immune activation is indicated by increased absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome gene expression and active caspase 1 staining in psoriatic lesional skin. Increased eomesodermin (EOMES) expression in lesional and non-lesional skin is suggestive of innate-like virtual memory CD8+ T cell infiltration. We found that signs of systemic inflammation were present in most of the patients, correlated with the severity of the disease, and pointed to IL-6 involvement in the pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis. Among the circulating T cell subpopulations, we identified a higher proportion of terminally differentiated or senescent CD8+ T cells, especially in patients with long disease duration, suggesting premature immunosenescence and its possible implications for psoriasis co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisi Šahmatova
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Elena Sügis
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Quretec Ltd, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marina Šunina
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Helen Hermann
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ele Prans
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maire Pihlap
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kristi Abram
- Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ana Rebane
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hedi Peterson
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Quretec Ltd, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pärt Peterson
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Külli Kingo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kai Kisand
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
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49
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Moreira RB, Pirmez C, de Oliveira-Neto MP, Aguiar LS, Gonçalves AJS, Pereira LOR, Abreu L, De Oliveira MP. AIM2 inflammasome is associated with disease severity in tegumentary leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (V.) braziliensis. Parasite Immunol 2017; 39. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. B. Moreira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz); Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - C. Pirmez
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz); Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - M. P. de Oliveira-Neto
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz); Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - L. S. Aguiar
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz); Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - A. J. S. Gonçalves
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz); Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - L. O. R. Pereira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz); Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - L. Abreu
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz); Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - M. P. De Oliveira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz); Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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50
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Lupfer CR, Rodriguez A, Kanneganti TD. Inflammasome activation by nucleic acids and nucleosomes in sterile inflammation… or is it sterile? FEBS J 2017; 284:2363-2374. [PMID: 28374568 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that form in the cytoplasm in response to cellular damage and cytosolic pathogen-associated molecules during infection. These complexes play important roles in initiating innate and adaptive immune responses to infectious disease. In addition, inflammasomes are now recognized as important mediators of sterile inflammation in various autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Interestingly, microbiota and infection play critical roles in the development of 'sterile inflammation'. Herein, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the role for inflammasomes in nucleic acid-, nucleosome-, and histone-driven sterile inflammation and discuss knowledge gaps and areas of potential future research.
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