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Ranniku R, Mander Ü, Escuer-Gatius J, Schindler T, Kupper P, Sellin A, Soosaar K. Dry and wet periods determine stem and soil greenhouse gas fluxes in a northern drained peatland forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172452. [PMID: 38615757 PMCID: PMC11071052 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from peatland soils are relatively well studied, whereas tree stem fluxes have received far less attention. Simultaneous year-long measurements of soil and tree stem GHG fluxes in northern peatland forests are scarce, as previous studies have primarily focused on the growing season. We determined the seasonal dynamics of tree stem and soil CH4, N2O and CO2 fluxes in a hemiboreal drained peatland forest. Gas samples for flux calculations were manually collected from chambers at different heights on Downy Birch (Betula pubescens) and Norway Spruce (Picea abies) trees (November 2020-December 2021) and analysed using gas chromatography. Environmental parameters were measured simultaneously with fluxes and xylem sap flow was recorded during the growing season. Birch stems played a greater role in the annual GHG dynamics than spruce stems. Birch stems were net annual CH4, N2O and CO2 sources, while spruce stems constituted a CH4 and CO2 source but a N2O sink. Soil was a net CO2 and N2O source, but a sink of CH4. Temporal dynamics of stem CH4 and N2O fluxes were driven by isolated emissions' peaks that contributed significantly to net annual fluxes. Stem CO2 efflux followed a seasonal trend coinciding with tree growth phenology. Stem CH4 dynamics were significantly affected by the changes between wetter and drier periods, while N2O was more influenced by short-term changes in soil hydrologic conditions. We showed that CH4 emitted from tree stems during the wetter period can offset nearly half of the soil sink capacity. We presented for the first time the relationship between tree stem GHG fluxes and sap flow in a peatland forest. The net CH4 flux was likely an aggregate of soil-derived and stem-produced CH4. A dominating soil source was more evident for stem N2O fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reti Ranniku
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise, EST-51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Ülo Mander
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise, EST-51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jordi Escuer-Gatius
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 5 Fr.R. Kreutzwaldi, EST-51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Thomas Schindler
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise, EST-51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Priit Kupper
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, EST-50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Arne Sellin
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, EST-50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaido Soosaar
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise, EST-51014 Tartu, Estonia
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Moisan MA, Lajoie G, Constant P, Martineau C, Maire V. How tree traits modulate tree methane fluxes: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 940:173730. [PMID: 38839018 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Trees can play different roles in the regulation of fluxes of methane (CH4), a greenhouse gas with a warming potential 83 times greater than that of carbon dioxide. Forest soils have the greatest potential for methane uptake compared to other land uses. In addition to their influence on soil CH4 fluxes, trees can act directly as a source or sink of CH4, by transporting CH4 produced in the soil and harbouring the key microorganisms involved in CH4 production and consumption (methanogens and methanotrophs). Tree CH4 fluxes can vary between species characterized by different traits that influence transport and modify the availability of CH4 reaction substrates as well as the habitat for methanogens and methanotrophs. Despite their important role in modulating CH4 fluxes from forest ecosystems, the identity and role of tree traits influencing these fluxes are poorly consolidated in the literature. The objectives of this paper are to 1) Review the functional traits of trees associated with their role in the regulation of CH4 emissions; 2) Assess the importance of inter-specific variability in CH4 fluxes via a global analysis of tree methane fluxes in the literature. Our review highlights that differences in CH4 fluxes between tree species and individuals can be explained by a diversity of traits influencing CH4 transport and microbial production of CH4 such as wood density and secondary metabolites. We propose a functional classification for trees based on the key traits associated with a function in CH4 emissions. We identified the fast-growing species with low wood density, species adapted to flood and species vulnerable to rot as functional groups which can be net sources of CH4 in conditions favorable to CH4 production. The global analysis further demonstrated the importance of taxonomy, with other factors such as land type and season in explaining variability in tree CH4 fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Ange Moisan
- Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 Rue du Peps, Québec, QC G1V 4C7, Canada; Département des Sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Bd des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur les Interactions Bassins Versants - Écosystèmes Aquatiques (RIVE), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Bd des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada.
| | - Geneviève Lajoie
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke St E, Montréal H1X 2B2, Canada; Jardin Botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke St E, Montréal H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Philippe Constant
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Christine Martineau
- Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 Rue du Peps, Québec, QC G1V 4C7, Canada
| | - Vincent Maire
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Bd des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur les Interactions Bassins Versants - Écosystèmes Aquatiques (RIVE), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Bd des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
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Tenhovirta SAM, Kohl L, Koskinen M, Polvinen T, Salmon Y, Paljakka T, Pihlatie M. Aerobic methane production in Scots pine shoots is independent of drought or photosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:2440-2452. [PMID: 38549455 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Shoot-level emissions of aerobically produced methane (CH4) may be an overlooked source of tree-derived CH4, but insufficient understanding of the interactions between their environmental and physiological drivers still prevents the reliable upscaling of canopy CH4 fluxes. We utilised a novel automated chamber system to continuously measure CH4 fluxes from the shoots of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) saplings under drought to investigate how canopy CH4 fluxes respond to the drought-induced alterations in their physiological processes and to isolate the shoot-level production of CH4 from soil-derived transport and photosynthesis. We found that aerobic CH4 emissions are not affected by the drought-induced stress, changes in physiological processes, or decrease in photosynthesis. Instead, these emissions vary on short temporal scales with environmental drivers such as temperature, suggesting that they result from abiotic degradation of plant compounds. Our study shows that aerobic CH4 emissions from foliage are distinct from photosynthesis-related processes. Thus, instead of photosynthesis rates, it is more reliable to construct regional and global estimates for the aerobic CH4 emission based on regional differences in foliage biomass and climate, also accounting for short-term variations of weather variables such as air temperature and solar radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salla A M Tenhovirta
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Environmental Soil Science, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Lukas Kohl
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Environmental Soil Science, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Forestry and Technology, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Markku Koskinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Environmental Soil Science, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Tatu Polvinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Environmental Soil Science, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Yann Salmon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, Forest Ecology and Management, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Teemu Paljakka
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, Forest Ecology and Management, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Environmental Soil Science, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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Jeffrey LC, Johnston SG, Tait DR, Dittmann J, Maher DT. Rapid bark-mediated tree stem methane transport occurs independently of the transpiration stream in Melaleuca quinquenervia. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:49-60. [PMID: 37984803 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Tree stem methane emissions are important components of lowland forest methane budgets. The potential for species-specific behaviour among co-occurring lowland trees with contrasting bark characteristics has not been investigated. We compare bark-mediated methane transport in two common lowland species of contrasting bark characteristics (Melaleuca quinquenervia featuring spongy/layered bark with longitudinally continuous airspaces and Casuarina glauca featuring hard/dense common bark) through several manipulative experiments. First, the progressive cutting through M. quinquenervia bark layers caused exponential increases in methane fluxes (c. 3 orders of magnitude); however, sapwood-only fluxes were lower, suggesting that upward/axial methane transport occurs between bark layers. Second, concentrated methane pulse-injections into exposed M. quinquenervia bark, revealed rapid axial methane transport rates (1.42 mm s-1 ), which were further supported through laboratory-simulated experiments (1.41 mm s-1 ). Laboratory-simulated radial CH4 diffusion rates (through bark) were c. 20-times slower. Finally, girdling M. quinquenervia stems caused a near-instantaneous decrease in methane flux immediately above the cut. By contrast, girdling C. glauca displayed persistent, though diminished, methane fluxes. Overall, the experiments revealed evidence for rapid 'between-bark' methane transport independent from the transpiration stream in M. quinquenervia, which facilitates diffusive axial transport from the rhizosphere and/or sapwood sources. This contrasts with the slower, radial 'through-bark' diffusive-dominated gas transportation in C. glauca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke C Jeffrey
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Scott G Johnston
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Douglas R Tait
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Johannes Dittmann
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Damien T Maher
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
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Liao X, Wang Y, Malghani S, Zhu X, Cai W, Qin Z, Wang F. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions and related microbial communities from mangrove stems on Qi'ao Island, Pearl River Estuary in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170062. [PMID: 38220023 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Mangrove forests, crucial carbon-rich ecosystems, are increasingly vulnerable to soil carbon loss and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to human disturbance. However, the contribution of mangrove trees to GHG emissions remains poorly understood. This study monitored CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes from the stems of two mangrove species, native Kandelia obovata (KO) and exotic Sonneratia apetala (SA), at three heights (0.7 m, 1.2 m, and 1.7 m) during the dry winter period on Qi'ao Island, Pearl River Estuary, China. Heartwood samples were analyzed to identify potential functional groups related to gas fluxes. Our study found that tree stems acted as both sinks and sources for N2O (ranging from -9.49 to 28.35 μg m-2 h-1 for KO and from -6.73 to 28.95 μg m-2 h-1 for SA) and CH4. SA exhibited significantly higher stem CH4 flux (from -26.67 to 97.33 μg m-2 h-1) compared to KO (from -44.13 to 88.0 μg m-2 h-1) (P < 0.05). When upscaled to the community level, both species were net emitters of CH4, contributing approximately 4.68 % (KO) and 0.51 % (SA) to total CH4 emissions. The decrease in stem CH4 flux with increasing height, indicates a soil source. Microbial analysis in the heartwood using the KEGG database indicated aceticlastic methanogenesis as the dominant CH4 pathway. The presence of methanogens, methanotrophs, denitrifiers, and nitrifiers suggests microbial involvement in CH4 and N2O production and consumption. Remarkably, the dominance of Cyanobacteria in the heartwood microbiome (with the relative abundance of 97.5 ± 0.6 % for KO and 99.1 ± 0.2 % for SA) implies roles in carbon and nitrogen fixation for mangroves coping with nitrogen limitation in coastal wetlands, and possibly in CH4 production. Although the present study has limitations in sampling duration and area, it highlights the significant role of tree stems in GHG emissions which is crucial for a holistic evaluation of the global carbon sequestration capability of mangrove ecosystems. Future research should broaden spatial and temporal scales to enhance the accuracy of upscaling tree stem gas fluxes to the mangrove ecosystem level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liao
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, Guangdong, China
| | - Saadatullah Malghani
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Fuzhou 350008, Fujian, China
| | - Wenqi Cai
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhangcai Qin
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China; School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China.
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6
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Ge M, Korrensalo A, Laiho R, Kohl L, Lohila A, Pihlatie M, Li X, Laine AM, Anttila J, Putkinen A, Wang W, Koskinen M. Plant-mediated CH 4 exchange in wetlands: A review of mechanisms and measurement methods with implications for modelling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169662. [PMID: 38159777 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Plant-mediated CH4 transport (PMT) is the dominant pathway through which soil-produced CH4 can escape into the atmosphere and thus plays an important role in controlling ecosystem CH4 emission. PMT is affected by abiotic and biotic factors simultaneously, and the effects of biotic factors, such as the dominant plant species and their traits, can override the effects of abiotic factors. Increasing evidence shows that plant-mediated CH4 fluxes include not only PMT, but also within-plant CH4 production and oxidation due to the detection of methanogens and methanotrophs attached to the shoots. Despite the inter-species and seasonal differences, and the probable contribution of within-plant microbes to total plant-mediated CH4 exchange (PME), current process-based ecosystem models only estimate PMT based on the bulk biomass or leaf area index of aerenchymatous plants. We highlight five knowledge gaps to which more research efforts should be devoted. First, large between-species variation, even within the same family, complicates general estimation of PMT, and calls for further work on the key dominant species in different types of wetlands. Second, the interface (rhizosphere-root, root-shoot, or leaf-atmosphere) and plant traits controlling PMT remain poorly documented, but would be required for generalizations from species to relevant functional groups. Third, the main environmental controls of PMT across species remain uncertain. Fourth, the role of within-plant CH4 production and oxidation is poorly quantified. Fifth, the simplistic description of PMT in current process models results in uncertainty and potentially high errors in predictions of the ecosystem CH4 flux. Our review suggest that flux measurements should be conducted over multiple growing seasons and be paired with trait assessment and microbial analysis, and that trait-based models should be developed. Only then we are capable to accurately estimate plant-mediated CH4 emissions, and eventually ecosystem total CH4 emissions at both regional and global scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Ge
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Aino Korrensalo
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, Kuopio 80101, Finland; Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki 00790, Finland
| | - Raija Laiho
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki 00790, Finland
| | - Lukas Kohl
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, Kuopio 80101, Finland
| | - Annalea Lohila
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, Helsinki 00560, Finland
| | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xuefei Li
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Anna M Laine
- Geological Survey of Finland, PO Box 1237, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jani Anttila
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki 00790, Finland
| | - Anuliina Putkinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Weifeng Wang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China
| | - Markku Koskinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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7
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Määttä T, Malhotra A. The hidden roots of wetland methane emissions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17127. [PMID: 38337165 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH4 ) globally. Climate and land use change are expected to alter CH4 emissions but current and future wetland CH4 budgets remain uncertain. One important predictor of wetland CH4 flux, plants, play an important role in providing substrates for CH4 -producing microbes, increasing CH4 consumption by oxygenating the rhizosphere, and transporting CH4 from soils to the atmosphere. Yet, there remain various mechanistic knowledge gaps regarding the extent to which plant root systems and their traits influence wetland CH4 emissions. Here, we present a novel conceptual framework of the relationships between a range of root traits and CH4 processes in wetlands. Based on a literature review, we propose four main CH4 -relevant categories of root function: gas transport, carbon substrate provision, physicochemical influences and root system architecture. Within these categories, we discuss how individual root traits influence CH4 production, consumption, and transport (PCT). Our findings reveal knowledge gaps concerning trait functions in physicochemical influences, and the role of mycorrhizae and temporal root dynamics in PCT. We also identify priority research needs such as integrating trait measurements from different root function categories, measuring root-CH4 linkages along environmental gradients, and following standardized root ecology protocols and vocabularies. Thus, our conceptual framework identifies relevant belowground plant traits that will help improve wetland CH4 predictions and reduce uncertainties in current and future wetland CH4 budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiia Määttä
- Department of Geography, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Avni Malhotra
- Department of Geography, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
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Welpelo C, Dubbert M, Tiemeyer B, Voigt C, Piayda A. Effects of birch encroachment, water table and vegetation on methane emissions from peatland microforms in a rewetted bog. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2533. [PMID: 38291102 PMCID: PMC10828379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of vegetation and microforms on methane (CH4) balances of a rewetted bog in north-west Germany. The two study sites are in close proximity on the same former peat extraction area, one dominated by Sphagnum-mosses and the other one by a dense Betula pubescens stand with a high Eriophorum vaginatum cover. The contribution of microforms (hummocks/hollows) to CH4 emissions and the effect of Betula encroachment has been studied. Transparent and opaque chambers were used to measure CH4 fluxes every 3-4 weeks during daytime for one year. For the estimation of annual balances, three methods were compared and the method using water level and soil temperature as explanatory variables was selected. Fluxes were scaled to the site level. The annual emissions per site are and 7.1 ± 1.5 g CH4-C m-2 year-1 at the treed site and 36.1 ± 3.5 g CH4-C m-2 year-1 at the open site, mainly controlled by higher water levels. Highest annual emissions originated from hollows at the open site, but in the vegetation period, hummock emissions tend to be higher. At the tree site, emission differences between the microforms were less pronounced. There were no differences between fluxes from transparent and opaque chambers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Welpelo
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 65, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Maren Dubbert
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Bärbel Tiemeyer
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 65, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Claas Voigt
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 65, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Arndt Piayda
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 65, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
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Anttila J, Tikkasalo OP, Hölttä T, Lintunen A, Vainio E, Leppä K, Haikarainen IP, Koivula H, Ghasemi Falk H, Kohl L, Launiainen S, Pihlatie M. Model of methane transport in tree stems: Case study of sap flow and radial diffusion. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:140-155. [PMID: 37712449 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The transport processes of methane (CH4 ) in tree stems remain largely unknown, although they are critical in assessing the whole-forest CH4 dynamics. We used a physically based dynamic model to study the spatial and diurnal dynamics of stem CH4 transport and fluxes. We parameterised the model using data from laboratory experiments with Pinus sylvestris and Betula pendula and compared the model to experimental data from a field study. Stem CH4 flux in laboratory and field conditions were explained by the axial advective CH4 transport from soil with xylem sap flow and the radial CH4 diffusion through the stem conditions. Diffusion resistance caused by the bark permeability did not significantly affect gas transport or stem CH4 flux in the laboratory experiments. The role of axial diffusion of CH4 in trees was unresolved and requires further studies. Due to the transit time of CH4 in the stem, the diurnal dynamics of stem CH4 fluxes can deviate markedly from the diurnal dynamics of sap flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Anttila
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli-Pekka Tikkasalo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Hölttä
- Department of Forest Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Lintunen
- Department of Forest Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physics, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisa Vainio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kersti Leppä
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iikka P Haikarainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Koivula
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, HELSUS, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Homa Ghasemi Falk
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lukas Kohl
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Ge M, Korrensalo A, Laiho R, Lohila A, Makiranta P, Pihlatie M, Tuittila ES, Kohl L, Putkinen A, Koskinen M. Plant phenology and species-specific traits control plant CH 4 emissions in a northern boreal fen. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1019-1032. [PMID: 36751911 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aerenchymatic transport is an important mechanism through which plants affect methane (CH4 ) emissions from peatlands. Controlling environmental factors and the effects of plant phenology remain, however, uncertain. We identified factors controlling seasonal CH4 flux rate and investigated transport efficiency (flux rate per unit of rhizospheric porewater CH4 concentration). We measured CH4 fluxes through individual shoots of Carex rostrata, Menyanthes trifoliata, Betula nana and Salix lapponum throughout growing seasons in 2020 and 2021 and Equisetum fluviatile and Comarum palustre in high summer 2021 along with water-table level, peat temperature and porewater CH4 concentration. CH4 flux rate of C. rostrata was related to plant phenology and peat temperature. Flux rates of M. trifoliata and shrubs B. nana and S. lapponum were insensitive to the investigated environmental variables. In high summer, flux rate and efficiency were highest for C. rostrata (6.86 mg m-2 h-1 and 0.36 mg m-2 h-1 (μmol l-1 )-1 , respectively). Menyanthes trifoliata showed a high flux rate, but limited efficiency. Low flux rates and efficiency were detected for the remaining species. Knowledge of the species-specific CH4 flux rate and their different responses to plant phenology and environmental factors can significantly improve the estimation of ecosystem-scale CH4 dynamics in boreal peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Ge
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Aino Korrensalo
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, Joensuu, 80101, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, PO Box 2, Helsinki, 00791, Finland
| | - Raija Laiho
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, PO Box 2, Helsinki, 00791, Finland
| | - Annalea Lohila
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, PO Box 503, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
| | - Päivi Makiranta
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, PO Box 2, Helsinki, 00791, Finland
| | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 4, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
| | - Eeva-Stiina Tuittila
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, Joensuu, 80101, Finland
| | - Lukas Kohl
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 4, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Anuliina Putkinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 4, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
| | - Markku Koskinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 4, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
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11
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Machacova K, Warlo H, Svobodová K, Agyei T, Uchytilová T, Horáček P, Lang F. Methane emission from stems of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) offsets as much as half of methane oxidation in soil. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:584-597. [PMID: 36631959 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Trees are known to be atmospheric methane (CH4 ) emitters. Little is known about seasonal dynamics of tree CH4 fluxes and relationships to environmental conditions. That prevents the correct estimation of net annual tree and forest CH4 exchange. We aimed to explore the contribution of stem emissions to forest CH4 exchange. We determined seasonal CH4 fluxes of mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica) stems and adjacent soil in a typical temperate beech forest of the White Carpathians with high spatial heterogeneity in soil moisture. The beech stems were net annual CH4 sources, whereas the soil was a net CH4 sink. High CH4 emitters showed clear seasonality in their stem CH4 emissions that followed stem CO2 efflux. Elevated CH4 fluxes were detected during the vegetation season. Observed high spatial variability in stem CH4 emissions was neither explicably by soil CH4 exchange nor by CH4 concentrations, water content, or temperature studied in soil profiles near each measured tree. The stem CH4 emissions offset the soil CH4 uptake by up to 46.5% and on average by 13% on stand level. In Central Europe, widely grown beech contributes markedly to seasonal dynamics of ecosystem CH4 exchange. Its contribution should be included into forest greenhouse gas flux inventories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Machacova
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 4a Belidla, CZ-60300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hannes Warlo
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 4a Belidla, CZ-60300, Brno, Czech Republic
- Chair of Soil Ecology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Bertoldstrasse 17, DE-79098, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kateřina Svobodová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 4a Belidla, CZ-60300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Agyei
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 4a Belidla, CZ-60300, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Environmental Management, School of Natural Resources, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Box 214, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Tereza Uchytilová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 4a Belidla, CZ-60300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Horáček
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 4a Belidla, CZ-60300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Friederike Lang
- Chair of Soil Ecology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Bertoldstrasse 17, DE-79098, Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Busman NA, Melling L, Goh KJ, Imran Y, Sangok FE, Watanabe A. Soil CO 2 and CH 4 fluxes from different forest types in tropical peat swamp forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159973. [PMID: 36347298 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Information on temporal and spatial variations in soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from tropical peat forests is essential to predict the influence of climate change and estimate the effects of land use on global warming and the carbon (C) cycle. To obtain such basic information, soil carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes, together with soil physicochemical properties and environmental variables, were measured at three major forest types in the Maludam National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia, for eight years, and their relationships were analyzed. Annual soil CO2 fluxes ranged from 860 to 1450 g C m⁻2 yr⁻1 without overall significant differences between the three forest sites, while soil CH4 fluxes, 1.2-10.8 g C m⁻2 yr⁻1, differed. Differences in GHG fluxes between dry and rainy seasons were not necessarily significant, corresponding to the extent of seasonal variation in groundwater level (GWL). The lack of significant differences in soil CO2 fluxes between the three sites could be attributed to set-off between the negative and positive effects of the decomposability of soil organic matter as estimated by pyrophosphate solubility index (PSI) and GWL. The impact of El-Niño on annual CO2 flux also varied between the sites. The variation in soil CH4 fluxes from the three sites was enhanced by variations in temperature, GWL, PSI, and soil iron (Fe) content. A positive correlation was observed between the annual CH4 flux and GWL at only one site, and the influence of soil properties was more pronounced at the site with the lowest GWL and the highest PSI. Variation in annual CH4 fluxes was controlled more strongly by temperature where GWL was the highest and GWL and plant growth fluctuations were the least. Inter-annual variations in soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes confirmed the importance of long-term monitoring of these at multiple sites supporting different forest types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Azima Busman
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute, Lot 6035, Kuching-Kota Samarahan Expressway, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Lulie Melling
- Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute, Lot 6035, Kuching-Kota Samarahan Expressway, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Kah Joo Goh
- Advanced Agriecological Research Sdn Bhd, Kota Damansara, Petaling Jaya 47810, Malaysia
| | - Yazid Imran
- Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute, Lot 6035, Kuching-Kota Samarahan Expressway, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Faustina E Sangok
- Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute, Lot 6035, Kuching-Kota Samarahan Expressway, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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13
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Han M, Feng H, Peng C, Lei X, Xue J, Malghani S, Ma X, Song X, Wang W. Spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of stem methane flux from two poplar forests with different soil textures. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:2454-2467. [PMID: 35870127 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In forest ecosystems, the majority of methane (CH4) research focuses on soils, whereas tree stem CH4 flux and driving factors remain poorly understood. We measured the in situ stem CH4 flux using the static chamber-gas chromatography method at different heights in two poplar (Populus spp.) forests with separate soil textures. We evaluated the relationship between stem CH4 fluxes and environmental factors with linear mixed models and estimated the tree CH4 emission rate at the stand level. Our results showed that poplar stems were a net source of atmospheric CH4. The mean stem CH4 emission rates were 97.51 ± 6.21 μg·m-2·h-1 in Sihong and 67.04 ± 5.64 μg·m-2·h-1 in Dongtai. The stem CH4 emission rate in Sihong with clay loam soils was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that in Dongtai with sandy loam soils. The stem CH4 emission rate also showed a seasonal variation, minimum in winter and maximum in summer. The stem CH4 emission rate generally decreased with increasing sampling height. Although the differences in CH4 emission rates between stem heights were significant in the annual averages, these differences were driven by differences observed in the summer. Stem CH4 emission rates were significantly and positively correlated with air temperature (P < 0.001), relative humidity (P < 0.001), soil water content (P < 0.001) and soil CH4 flux (P < 0.001). At these sites, the soil emitted CH4 to the atmosphere in summer (mainly from June to September) but absorbed CH4 from the atmosphere during the other season. At the stand level, tree CH4 emissions accounted for 2-35.4% of soil CH4 uptake. Overall, tree stem CH4 efflux could be an important component of the forest CH4 budget. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more in situ monitoring of stem CH4 flux to accurately estimate the CH4 budget in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Huili Feng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Changhui Peng
- School of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
- Department of Biology Sciences, Institute of Environment Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Xiangdong Lei
- Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jianhui Xue
- Institute of Botany Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Saadatullah Malghani
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xuehong Ma
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xinzhang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
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14
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Fraser-McDonald A, Boardman C, Gladding T, Burnley S, Gauci V. Methane emissions from trees planted on a closed landfill site. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2022; 40:1618-1628. [PMID: 35380070 PMCID: PMC9580030 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221086955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Trees have morphological adaptations that allow methane (CH4) generated below ground to bypass oxidation in aerobic surface soils. This natural phenomenon however has not been measured in a landfill context where planted trees may alter the composition and magnitude of CH4 fluxes from the surface. To address this research gap, we measured tree stem and soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (CH4 and CO2) from a closed UK landfill and comparable natural site, using an off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy analyser and flux chambers. Analyses showed average CH4 stem fluxes from the landfill and non-landfill sites were 31.8 ± 24.4 µg m-2 h-1 and -0.3 ± 0.2 µg m-2 h-1, respectively. The landfill site showed seasonal patterns in CH4 and CO2 stem emissions, but no significant patterns were observed in CH4 and CO2 fluxes at different stem heights or between tree species. Tree stem emissions accounted for 39% of the total CH4 surface flux (7% of the CO2); a previously unknown contribution that should be included in future carbon assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Fraser-McDonald
- School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Carl Boardman
- School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Toni Gladding
- School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Stephen Burnley
- School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Vincent Gauci
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research (BIFoR), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
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15
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Variability in Stem Methane Emissions and Wood Methane Production of Tree Different Species in a Cold Temperate Mountain Forest. Ecosystems 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-022-00795-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Fraser-McDonald A, Boardman C, Gladding T, Burnley S, Gauci V. Methane emissions from forested closed landfill sites: Variations between tree species and landfill management practices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156019. [PMID: 35595131 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Trees in natural and managed environments can act as conduits for the transportation of methane (CH4) from below ground to the atmosphere, bypassing oxidation in aerobic surface soils. Tree stem emissions from landfill sites exhibit large temporal and spatial variability in temperate environments and can account for approximately 40% of the total surface CH4 flux. Emission variability was further investigated in this study by measuring CH4 and CO2 fluxes from landfill sites with different management strategies and varying tree species over a 7-month period. Stem and soil measurements were obtained using flux chambers and an off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy analyser. Analysis showed average stem and soil CH4 emissions varied significantly (p < 0.01) between landfills with different management practices. On average, tree stem CH4 fluxes from sites with no clay cap but gas extraction, clay cap and gas extraction, and no clay cap and no gas extraction were 1.4 ± 0.4 μg m-2 h-1, 47.2 ± 19.0 μg m-2 h-1, and 111.9 ± 165.1 μg m-2 h-1, respectively. There was no difference in stem CH4 fluxes between species at each site, suggesting environmental conditions (waterlogging) and site age had a greater influence on both stem and soil fluxes. These results highlight the importance of management practices, and the resultant environmental conditions, in determining CH4 emissions from historic landfill sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fraser-McDonald
- School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
| | - C Boardman
- School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - T Gladding
- School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - S Burnley
- School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - V Gauci
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research (BIFoR), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
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17
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Takahashi K, Sakabe A, Azuma WA, Itoh M, Imai T, Matsumura Y, Tateishi M, Kosugi Y. Insights into the mechanism of diurnal variations in methane emission from the stem surfaces of Alnus japonica. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1757-1766. [PMID: 35835139 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that in certain environments, tree stems emit methane (CH4 ). This study explored the mechanism of CH4 emission from the stem surfaces of Alnus japonica in a riparian wetland. Stem CH4 emission rates and sap flux were monitored year-round, and fine-root anatomy was investigated. CH4 emission rates were estimated using a closed-chamber method. Sap flux was measured using Granier-type thermal dissipation probes. Root anatomy was studied using both optical and cryo-scanning electron microscopy. CH4 emissions during the leafy season exhibited a diurnally changing component superimposed upon an underlying continuum in which the diurnal variation was in phase with sap flux. We propose a model in which stem CH4 emission involves at least two processes: a sap flux-dependent component responsible for the diurnal changes, and a sap flux-independent component responsible for the background continuum. The contribution ratios of the two processes are season-dependent. The background continuum possibly resulted from the diffusive transport of gaseous CH4 from the roots to the upper trunk. Root anatomy analysis indicated that the intercellular space of the cortex and empty xylem cells in fine roots could serve as a passageway for transport of gaseous CH4 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Takahashi
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sakabe
- The Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Wakana A Azuma
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Himeji, 670-0092, Japan
| | - Tomoya Imai
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yasuki Matsumura
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Makiko Tateishi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kosugi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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18
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Tenhovirta SAM, Kohl L, Koskinen M, Patama M, Lintunen A, Zanetti A, Lilja R, Pihlatie M. Solar radiation drives methane emissions from the shoots of Scots pine. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:66-77. [PMID: 35342950 PMCID: PMC9325065 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants are recognized as sources of aerobically produced methane (CH4 ), but the seasonality, environmental drivers and significance of CH4 emissions from the canopies of evergreen boreal trees remain poorly understood. We measured the CH4 fluxes from the shoots of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) and Picea abies (Norway spruce) saplings in a static, non-steady-state chamber setup to investigate if the shoots of boreal conifers are a source of CH4 during spring. We found that the shoots of Scots pine emitted CH4 and these emissions correlated with the photosynthetically active radiation. For Norway spruce, the evidence for CH4 emissions from the shoots was inconclusive. Our study shows that the canopies of evergreen boreal trees are a potential source of CH4 in the spring and that these emissions are driven by a temperature-by-light interaction effect of solar radiation either directly or indirectly through its effects on tree physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salla A. M. Tenhovirta
- Department of Agricultural SciencesEnvironmental Soil ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 56Helsinki00014Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
| | - Lukas Kohl
- Department of Agricultural SciencesEnvironmental Soil ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 56Helsinki00014Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
| | - Markku Koskinen
- Department of Agricultural SciencesEnvironmental Soil ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 56Helsinki00014Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
| | - Marjo Patama
- Department of Agricultural SciencesEnvironmental Soil ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 56Helsinki00014Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
| | - Anna Lintunen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
- Department of Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 27Helsinki00014Finland
| | - Alessandro Zanetti
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
- Department of Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 27Helsinki00014Finland
| | - Rauna Lilja
- Department of Agricultural SciencesEnvironmental Soil ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 56Helsinki00014Finland
| | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Agricultural SciencesEnvironmental Soil ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 56Helsinki00014Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00560Finland
- Department of Agricultural SciencesViikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS)University of HelsinkiHelsinki00014Finland
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20
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Mander Ü, Krasnova A, Schindler T, Megonigal JP, Escuer-Gatius J, Espenberg M, Machacova K, Maddison M, Pärn J, Ranniku R, Pihlatie M, Kasak K, Niinemets Ü, Soosaar K. Long-term dynamics of soil, tree stem and ecosystem methane fluxes in a riparian forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151723. [PMID: 34801507 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The carbon (C) budgets of riparian forests are sensitive to climatic variability. Therefore, riparian forests are hot spots of C cycling in landscapes. Only a limited number of studies on continuous measurements of methane (CH4) fluxes from riparian forests is available. Here, we report continuous high-frequency soil and ecosystem (eddy-covariance; EC) measurements of CH4 fluxes with a quantum cascade laser absorption spectrometer for a 2.5-year period and measurements of CH4 fluxes from tree stems using manual chambers for a 1.5 year period from a temperate riparian Alnus incana forest. The results demonstrate that the riparian forest is a minor net annual sink of CH4 consuming 0.24 kg CH4-C ha-1 y-1. Soil water content is the most important determinant of soil, stem, and EC fluxes, followed by soil temperature. There were significant differences in CH4 fluxes between the wet and dry periods. During the wet period, 83% of CH4 was emitted from the tree stems while the ecosystem-level emission was equal to the sum of soil and stem emissions. During the dry period, CH4 was substantially consumed in the soil whereas stem emissions were very low. A significant difference between the EC fluxes and the sum of soil and stem fluxes during the dry period is most likely caused by emission from the canopy whereas at the ecosystem level the forest was a clear CH4 sink. Our results together with past measurements of CH4 fluxes in other riparian forests suggest that temperate riparian forests can be long-term CH4 sinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ülo Mander
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Ecosystem Trace Gas Exchange, Belidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Alisa Krasnova
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Thomas Schindler
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Ecosystem Trace Gas Exchange, Belidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J Patrick Megonigal
- Smithsonian Environmental Institute, 647 Contees Wharf Road Edgewater, MD 21037-0028, USA
| | - Jordi Escuer-Gatius
- Institute of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mikk Espenberg
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katerina Machacova
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Ecosystem Trace Gas Exchange, Belidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Maddison
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaan Pärn
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Reti Ranniku
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Environmental Soil Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) / Forest Science, University of Helsinki, Physicum, Kumpula campus, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00560 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 2a, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kuno Kasak
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaido Soosaar
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Ecosystem Trace Gas Exchange, Belidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Gauci V, Figueiredo V, Gedney N, Pangala SR, Stauffer T, Weedon GP, Enrich-Prast A. Non-flooded riparian Amazon trees are a regionally significant methane source. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2022; 380:20200446. [PMID: 34865530 PMCID: PMC8646147 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inundation-adapted trees were recently established as the dominant egress pathway for soil-produced methane (CH4) in forested wetlands. This raises the possibility that CH4 produced deep within the soil column can vent to the atmosphere via tree roots even when the water table (WT) is below the surface. If correct, this would challenge modelling efforts where inundation often defines the spatial extent of ecosystem CH4 production and emission. Here, we examine CH4 exchange on tree, soil and aquatic surfaces in forest experiencing a dynamic WT at three floodplain locations spanning the Amazon basin at four hydrologically distinct times from April 2017 to January 2018. Tree stem emissions were orders of magnitude larger than from soil or aquatic surface emissions and exhibited a strong relationship to WT depth below the surface (less than 0). We estimate that Amazon riparian floodplain margins with a WT < 0 contribute 2.2-3.6 Tg CH4 yr-1 to the atmosphere in addition to inundated tree emissions of approximately 12.7-21.1 Tg CH4 yr-1. Applying our approach to all tropical wetland broad-leaf trees yields an estimated non-flooded floodplain tree flux of 6.4 Tg CH4 yr-1 which, at 17% of the flooded tropical tree flux of approximately 37.1 Tg CH4 yr-1, demonstrates the importance of these ecosystems in extending the effective CH4 emitting area beyond flooded lands. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Rising methane: is warming feeding warming? (part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gauci
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Viviane Figueiredo
- Multiuser Unit of Environmental Analysis, University Federal of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nicola Gedney
- Met Office Hadley Centre, JCHMR, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Sunitha Rao Pangala
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Tainá Stauffer
- Multiuser Unit of Environmental Analysis, University Federal of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Graham P. Weedon
- Met Office Hadley Centre, JCHMR, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Alex Enrich-Prast
- Multiuser Unit of Environmental Analysis, University Federal of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Biogas Research Center and Department of Thematic Studies – Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linkoping SE-581 83, Sweden
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22
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Gao CH, Zhang S, Ding QS, Wei MY, Li H, Li J, Wen C, Gao GF, Liu Y, Zhou JJ, Zhang JY, You YP, Zheng HL. Source or sink? A study on the methane flux from mangroves stems in Zhangjiang estuary, southeast coast of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147782. [PMID: 34134386 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems are an important component of "blue carbon". However, it is not clear whether the stems play roles in the CH4 budget of mangrove ecosystems. This study investigated the CH4 emission from mangrove stems and its potential driving factors. We set up six sample plots in the Zhangjiang Estuary National Mangrove Nature Reserve, where Kandelia obovata, Avicennia marina and Aegiceras corniculata are the main mangrove tree species. Soil properties such as total carbon content, redox potential and salinity were determined in each plot. The dynamic chamber method was used to measure mangrove stems and soil CH4 fluxes. Combined field survey results with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of soil properties, we divided the six plots into two sites (S1 and S2) to perform statistical analyses of stem CH4 fluxes. Then the CH4 fluxes from mangrove tree stems and soil were further scaled up to the ecosystem level through the mapping model. Under different backgrounds of soil properties, salinity and microbial biomass carbon were the main factors modified soil CH4 fluxes in the two sites, and further affected the stem CH4 fluxes of mangroves. The soil of both sites are sources of CH4, and the soil CH4 emission of S2 was about twice higher than that of S1. Results of upscaling model showed that mangrove stems in S1 were CH4 sinks with -105.65 g d-1. But stems in S2 were CH4 sources around 1448.24 g d-1. Taken together, our results suggested that CH4 emission from mangrove soils closely depends on soils properties. And mangrove stems were found to act as both CH4 sources and CH4 sinks depend on soil CH4 production. Therefore, when calculating the CH4 budget of the mangrove ecosystem, the contribution of mangrove plant stems cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hao Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Qian-Su Ding
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Ming-Yue Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Huan Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Chen Wen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Gui-Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Science, State Key Laboratory of Soil & Sustainable Agriculture, 71 East Beijing Rd, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Jia-Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Jing-Ya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Yan-Ping You
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China.
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Abstract
Tree stems play an important role in forest methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) flux dynamics. Our paper aimed to determine the unknown diurnal variability of CH4 and N2O exchange in grey alder tree stems. The gas fluxes in tree stems and adjacent soil were measured using manual static and dynamic chamber systems with gas chromatographic and laser-spectroscopic analysis, respectively. The alder trees were predominant emitters of CH4 and N2O; however, N2O emission from stems was negligible. The soil mainly emitted N2O into the atmosphere and was both a source and sink of CH4, depending on environmental conditions. Neither the tree stems nor the riparian forest soil showed significant differences in their CH4 and N2O fluxes between the daytime and nighttime, independently of the exchange rates. In contrast to several previous studies revealing a diurnal variability of greenhouse gas fluxes from tree stems, our investigation did not show any clear daytime–nighttime differences. On the other hand, we found quite clear seasonal dynamics initiated by changing environmental conditions, such as temperature and soil water conditions and tree physiological activity. Our results imply a transport role of tree stems for soil-produced CH4 and N2O rather than the production of these gases in tree tissues, even though this cannot be excluded.
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24
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Köhn D, Günther A, Schwabe I, Jurasinski G. Short-lived peaks of stem methane emissions from mature black alder ( Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) - Irrelevant for ecosystem methane budgets? PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 2:16-27. [PMID: 37283846 PMCID: PMC10168070 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tree stems can be a source of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4). However, assessments of the global importance of stem CH4 emissions are complicated by a lack of research and high variability between individual ecosystems. Here, we determined the contribution of emissions from stems of mature black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) to overall CH4 exchange in two temperate peatlands. We measured emissions from stems and soils using closed chambers in a drained and an undrained alder forest over 2 years. Furthermore, we studied the importance of alder leaves as substrate for methanogenesis in an incubation experiment. Stem CH4 emissions were short-lived and occurred only during times of inundation at the undrained site. The drained site did not show stem emissions and the soil acted as a small CH4 sink. The contribution of stem emissions to the overall CH4 budget was below 0.3% in both sites. Our results show that mature black alder can be an intermittent source of CH4 to the atmosphere. However, the low share of stem CH4 emissions in both investigated stands indicates that this pathway may be of minor relative importance in temperate peatlands, yet strongly depend on the hydrologic regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Köhn
- Landscape EcologyUniversity of RostockRostockGermany
| | - Anke Günther
- Landscape EcologyUniversity of RostockRostockGermany
| | - Ines Schwabe
- Landscape EcologyUniversity of RostockRostockGermany
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25
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Lagomarsino A, De Meo I, Agnelli AE, Paletto A, Mazza G, Bianchetto E, Pastorelli R. Decomposition of black pine (Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold) deadwood and its impact on forest soil components. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142039. [PMID: 32919316 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Deadwood decomposition is a complex and dynamic process with large implications for biogeochemical cycling of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in forest soil and litter. Moreover, it affects functional and structural diversity of fungal and bacterial communities in these components. Mesocosms with deadwood blocks at progressive decay classes were set in a black pine forest and incubated for 28 months in the field with the aim to assess the impact of deadwood decomposition on i) CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes; ii) C and N pools and allocation among deadwood, litter and soil; iii) the fungal and bacterial structural diversity and activity. CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes from deadwood were monitored throughout the field incubation; deadwood biomass loss and decay rate for each decay class were calculated. The stock of C and N, enzyme activities, fungal and bacterial communities in deadwood, litter fractions (fresh, fragmented and humified) and soil at two depths were measured. Emissions of CO2 and CH4 increased over the deadwood decomposition advancement and the decay reached the maximum rates in the last decomposition classes. N2O fluxes were low and showed either production (prevalent in the first year) or consumption. Independent of the decay class, 20% of C stored in deadwood was lost as CO2 in the atmosphere, whereas 32% was transferred to the fragmented and humified litter fractions in the last decay class. A corresponding increase of cellulose and hemicellulose degrading enzymes was found in deadwood, also favored by substrates accessibility through fragmentation and successional changes in fungal and bacterial communities. Deadwood, litter fractions and soil components were clearly distinguished in terms of chemical and microbiological properties and activities. Fragmented and humified litter fractions were the only components responsive to the advanced stage of deadwood decomposition, being directly affected by the physical redistribution of fragmented organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Lagomarsino
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, via di Lanciola 12/A, 50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Isabella De Meo
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, via di Lanciola 12/A, 50125 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Elio Agnelli
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, via di Lanciola 12/A, 50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paletto
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, piazza Nicolini 6, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Mazza
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, viale Santa Margherita 80, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
| | - Elisa Bianchetto
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, via di Lanciola 12/A, 50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Roberta Pastorelli
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, via di Lanciola 12/A, 50125 Firenze, Italy
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26
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Flanagan LB, Nikkel DJ, Scherloski LM, Tkach RE, Smits KM, Selinger LB, Rood SB. Multiple processes contribute to methane emission in a riparian cottonwood forest ecosystem. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1970-1982. [PMID: 33006137 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methane emission from trees may partially or completely offset the methane sink in upland soils, the only process that has been regularly included in methane budgets for forest ecosystems. Our objective was to analyze multiple biogeochemical processes that influence the production, oxidation and transport of methane in a riparian cottonwood ecosystem and its adjacent river. We combined chamber flux measurements on tree stems, forest soil and the river surface with eddy covariance measurements of methane net ecosystem exchange. In addition, we tested whether methanogens were present in cottonwood stems, shallow soil layers and alluvial groundwater. Average midday peak in net methane emission measured by eddy covariance was c. 12 nmol m-2 s-1 . The average uptake of methane by soils (0.87 nmol m-2 s-1 ) was largely offset by tree stem methane emission (0.75 nmol m-2 s-1 ). There was evidence of methanogens in tree stems but not in shallow soil. Growing season (May-September) cumulative net methane emission (17.4 mmol CH4 m-2 ) included methane produced in cottonwood stems and methane input to the nocturnal boundary layer from the forest and the adjacent river. The multiple processes contributing to methane emission illustrated the linked nature of these adjacent terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence B Flanagan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Dylan J Nikkel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Lauren M Scherloski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Rachel E Tkach
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Kristian M Smits
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - L Brent Selinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Stewart B Rood
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
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27
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Praeg N, Schwinghammer L, Illmer P. Larix decidua and additional light affect the methane balance of forest soil and the abundance of methanogenic and methanotrophic microorganisms. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 366:5695738. [PMID: 31899513 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the activity of methane-oxidizing bacteria, forest soils are usually net sinks for the greenhouse gas methane (CH4). Despite several hints that CH4 balances might be influenced by vegetation, there are only few investigations dealing with this connection. Therefore, we studied this soil-plant-microbe interaction by using mesocosm experiments with forest soil and Larix decidua, a common coniferous tree species within the Alps. Gas measurements showed that the presence of L. decidua significantly reduced CH4 oxidation of the forest soil by ∼10% (-0.95 µmol m-2 h-1 for soil vs -0.85 µmol m-2 h-1 for soil plus L. decidua) leading to an increased net CH4 balance. Increased light intensity was used to intensify the influence of the plant on the soil's CH4 balance. The increase in light intensity strengthened the effect of the plant and led to a greater reduction of CH4 oxidation. Besides, we examined the impact of L. decidua and light on the abundance of methanogens and methanotrophs in the rhizosphere as compared with bulk soil. The abundance of both methane-oxidizing bacteria and methanogenic archaea was significantly increased in the rhizosphere compared with bulk soil but no significant response of methanogens and methanotrophs upon light exposure was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Praeg
- Universität Innsbruck, Department of Microbiology, Technikerstrasse 25d, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Larissa Schwinghammer
- Universität Innsbruck, Department of Microbiology, Technikerstrasse 25d, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Illmer
- Universität Innsbruck, Department of Microbiology, Technikerstrasse 25d, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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28
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Deshmukh CS, Julius D, Evans CD, Nardi, Susanto AP, Page SE, Gauci V, Laurén A, Sabiham S, Agus F, Asyhari A, Kurnianto S, Suardiwerianto Y, Desai AR. Impact of forest plantation on methane emissions from tropical peatland. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2477-2495. [PMID: 31991028 PMCID: PMC7155032 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Tropical peatlands are a known source of methane (CH4 ) to the atmosphere, but their contribution to atmospheric CH4 is poorly constrained. Since the 1980s, extensive areas of the peatlands in Southeast Asia have experienced land-cover change to smallholder agriculture and forest plantations. This land-cover change generally involves lowering of groundwater level (GWL), as well as modification of vegetation type, both of which potentially influence CH4 emissions. We measured CH4 exchanges at the landscape scale using eddy covariance towers over two land-cover types in tropical peatland in Sumatra, Indonesia: (a) a natural forest and (b) an Acacia crassicarpa plantation. Annual CH4 exchanges over the natural forest (9.1 ± 0.9 g CH4 m-2 year-1 ) were around twice as high as those of the Acacia plantation (4.7 ± 1.5 g CH4 m-2 year-1 ). Results highlight that tropical peatlands are significant CH4 sources, and probably have a greater impact on global atmospheric CH4 concentrations than previously thought. Observations showed a clear diurnal variation in CH4 exchange over the natural forest where the GWL was higher than 40 cm below the ground surface. The diurnal variation in CH4 exchanges was strongly correlated with associated changes in the canopy conductance to water vapor, photosynthetic photon flux density, vapor pressure deficit, and air temperature. The absence of a comparable diurnal pattern in CH4 exchange over the Acacia plantation may be the result of the GWL being consistently below the root zone. Our results, which are among the first eddy covariance CH4 exchange data reported for any tropical peatland, should help to reduce the uncertainty in the estimation of CH4 emissions from a globally important ecosystem, provide a more complete estimate of the impact of land-cover change on tropical peat, and develop science-based peatland management practices that help to minimize greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dony Julius
- Asia Pacific Resources International Ltd.Kabupaten PelalawanIndonesia
| | | | - Nardi
- Asia Pacific Resources International Ltd.Kabupaten PelalawanIndonesia
| | - Ari P. Susanto
- Asia Pacific Resources International Ltd.Kabupaten PelalawanIndonesia
| | - Susan E. Page
- Centre for Landscape and Climate ResearchSchool of Geography, Geology and the EnvironmentUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Vincent Gauci
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research (BIFoR)School of Geography, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Ari Laurén
- School of Forest SciencesFaculty of Science and ForestryUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Supiandi Sabiham
- Department of Soil Science and Land ResourceInstitut Pertanian BogorBogorIndonesia
| | - Fahmuddin Agus
- Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and DevelopmentBogorIndonesia
| | - Adibtya Asyhari
- Asia Pacific Resources International Ltd.Kabupaten PelalawanIndonesia
| | - Sofyan Kurnianto
- Asia Pacific Resources International Ltd.Kabupaten PelalawanIndonesia
| | | | - Ankur R. Desai
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
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29
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Jeffrey LC, Maher DT, Tait DR, Johnston SG. A Small Nimble In Situ Fine-Scale Flux Method for Measuring Tree Stem Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Processes (S.N.I.F.F). Ecosystems 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00496-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Schindler T, Mander Ü, Machacova K, Espenberg M, Krasnov D, Escuer-Gatius J, Veber G, Pärn J, Soosaar K. Short-term flooding increases CH 4 and N 2O emissions from trees in a riparian forest soil-stem continuum. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3204. [PMID: 32081925 PMCID: PMC7035275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the characteristics of global climate change is the increase in extreme climate events, e.g., droughts and floods. Forest adaptation strategies to extreme climate events are the key to predict ecosystem responses to global change. Severe floods alter the hydrological regime of an ecosystem which influences biochemical processes that control greenhouse gas fluxes. We conducted a flooding experiment in a mature grey alder (Alnus incana (L.) Moench) forest to understand flux dynamics in the soil-tree-atmosphere continuum related to ecosystem N2O and CH4 turn-over. The gas exchange was determined at adjacent soil-tree-pairs: stem fluxes were measured in vertical profiles using manual static chambers and gas chromatography; soil fluxes were measured with automated chambers connected to a gas analyser. The tree stems and soil surface were net sources of N2O and CH4 during the flooding. Contrary to N2O, the increase in CH4 fluxes delayed in response to flooding. Stem N2O fluxes were lower although stem CH4 emissions were significantly higher than from soil after the flooding. Stem fluxes decreased with stem height. Our flooding experiment indicated soil water and nitrogen content as the main controlling factors of stem and soil N2O fluxes. The stems contributed up to 88% of CH4 emissions to the stem-soil continuum during the investigated period but soil N2O fluxes dominated (up to 16 times the stem fluxes) during all periods. Conclusively, stem fluxes of CH4 and N2O are essential elements in forest carbon and nitrogen cycles and must be included in relevant models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schindler
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. .,Department of Ecosystem Trace Gas Exchange, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ülo Mander
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katerina Machacova
- Department of Ecosystem Trace Gas Exchange, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mikk Espenberg
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Dmitrii Krasnov
- Department of Plant Physiology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Gert Veber
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaan Pärn
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaido Soosaar
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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31
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Sjögersten S, Siegenthaler A, Lopez OR, Aplin P, Turner B, Gauci V. Methane emissions from tree stems in neotropical peatlands. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:769-781. [PMID: 31495939 PMCID: PMC6973267 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Neotropical peatlands emit large amounts of methane (CH4 ) from the soil surface, but fluxes from tree stems in these ecosystems are unknown. In this study we investigated CH4 emissions from five tree species in two forest types common to neotropical lowland peatlands in Panama. Methane from tree stems accounted for up to 30% of net ecosystem CH4 emissions. Peak CH4 fluxes were greater during the wet season when the water table was high and temperatures were lower. Emissions were greatest from the hardwood tree Campnosperma panamensis, but most species acted as emitters, with emissions declining exponentially with height along the stem for all species. Overall, species identity, stem diameter, water level, soil temperature and soil CH4 fluxes explained 54% of the variance in stem CH4 emissions from individual trees. On the landscape level, On the landscape level, the high emissions from C. panamensis forests resulted in that they emitted at 340 kg CH4 d-1 during flooded periods despite their substantially lower areal cover. We conclude that emission from tree stems is an important emission pathway for CH4 flux from Neotropical peatlands, and that these emissions vary strongly with season and forest type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Sjögersten
- School of BiosciencesThe University of NottinghamSutton BoningtonLoughboroughLE12 5RDUK
| | - Andy Siegenthaler
- Department of Environment, Earth & Ecosystem SciencesSTEM FacultyThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK7 6AAUK
| | - Omar R. Lopez
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteApartado0843‐03092BalboaAnconRepublic of Panama
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta TecnologíaEdificio 219, Ciudad del Saber, ClaytonPanamáRepublic of Panama
| | - Paul Aplin
- Department of GeographyEdge Hill UniversityOrmskirkL39 4QPUK
| | - Benjamin Turner
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteApartado0843‐03092BalboaAnconRepublic of Panama
| | - Vincent Gauci
- Department of Environment, Earth & Ecosystem SciencesSTEM FacultyThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK7 6AAUK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research (BIFoR)School of Geography, Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
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32
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He Y, Guan W, Xue D, Liu L, Peng C, Liao B, Hu J, Zhu Q, Yang Y, Wang X, Zhou G, Wu Z, Chen H. Comparison of methane emissions among invasive and native mangrove species in Dongzhaigang, Hainan Island. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:133945. [PMID: 31473551 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The strength of methane (CH4) source of mangroves is not well understood, especially when including all CH4 pathways in consideration. This study measured CH4 fluxes by five pathways (sediments, pneumatophores, water surface, leaves, and stems) from four typical mangrove forests, including Kandelia candel without pneumatophores and three species with pneumatophores: Sonneratia apetala, Laguncularia racemosa and Bruguiera gymnorhiza-Bruguiera sexangula. The CH4 fluxes from sediments were 4.82±1.46mgCH4m-2h-1 for K. candel and 1.36±0.17mgCH4m-2h-1 for the other three with pneumatophores. Among the three communities with pneumatophores, S. apetala community had significantly greater emission rate than the other two (P<0.05). Pneumatophores in S. apetala were found to significantly decrease CH4 emission from sediments (P<0.01), while those in B. gymnorhiza-B. sexangula were significantly increase it (P<0.05). CH4 fluxes from waters were 3.48±1.11mgCH4m-2h-1, with the highest emission rate in the K. candel community for the duck farming. Leaves of mangroves except for those of K. candel were a weak CH4 daytime sink, but stems were a weak source. The total 72ha of mangroves in the Changning river basin emitted about 8.10Gg CH4 per year, with a weighted emission rate of about 1.29mgCH4m-2h-1. Our results suggested that mangroves are only a small methane source to atmosphere with great contribution from sediments and waters, only slight contribution from leaves and stems. Pneumatophores of different mangrove species played different roles in CH4 fluxes from sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Dan Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liangfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Changhui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Environment Science, Department of Biology Science, University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM), 201 President-Kennedy, Montréal H2X 3Y7, Canada
| | - Baowen Liao
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Ji Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiu'an Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yanzhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Guanyi Zhou
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Zhongming Wu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Huai Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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33
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Jeffrey LC, Reithmaier G, Sippo JZ, Johnston SG, Tait DR, Harada Y, Maher DT. Are methane emissions from mangrove stems a cryptic carbon loss pathway? Insights from a catastrophic forest mortality. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:146-154. [PMID: 31211874 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that tree-stem methane (CH4 ) emissions may be an important and unaccounted-for component of local, regional and global carbon (C) budgets. Studies to date have focused on upland and freshwater swamp-forests; however, no data on tree-stem fluxes from estuarine species currently exist. Here we provide the first-ever mangrove tree-stem CH4 flux measurements from >50 trees (n = 230 measurements), in both standing dead and living forest, from a region suffering a recent large-scale climate-driven dieback event (Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia). Average CH4 emissions from standing dead mangrove tree-stems was 249.2 ± 41.0 μmol m-2 d-1 and was eight-fold higher than from living mangrove tree-stems (37.5 ± 5.8 μmol m-2 d-1 ). The average CH4 flux from tree-stem bases (c. 10 cm aboveground) was 1071.1 ± 210.4 and 96.8 ± 27.7 μmol m-2 d-1 from dead and living stands respectively. Sediment CH4 fluxes and redox potentials did not differ significantly between living and dead stands. Our results suggest both dead and living tree-stems act as CH4 conduits to the atmosphere, bypassing potential sedimentary oxidation processes. Although large uncertainties exist when upscaling data from small-scale temporal measurements, we estimated that dead mangrove tree-stem emissions may account for c. 26% of the net ecosystem CH4 flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke C Jeffrey
- SCU Geoscience, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Gloria Reithmaier
- SCU Geoscience, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - James Z Sippo
- SCU Geoscience, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Scott G Johnston
- SCU Geoscience, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Douglas R Tait
- SCU Geoscience, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Yota Harada
- Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4215, Qld, Australia
| | - Damien T Maher
- SCU Geoscience, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
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34
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Barba J, Bradford MA, Brewer PE, Bruhn D, Covey K, van Haren J, Megonigal JP, Mikkelsen TN, Pangala SR, Pihlatie M, Poulter B, Rivas-Ubach A, Schadt CW, Terazawa K, Warner DL, Zhang Z, Vargas R. Methane emissions from tree stems: a new frontier in the global carbon cycle. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:18-28. [PMID: 30394559 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tree stems from wetland, floodplain and upland forests can produce and emit methane (CH4 ). Tree CH4 stem emissions have high spatial and temporal variability, but there is no consensus on the biophysical mechanisms that drive stem CH4 production and emissions. Here, we summarize up to 30 opportunities and challenges for stem CH4 emissions research, which, when addressed, will improve estimates of the magnitudes, patterns and drivers of CH4 emissions and trace their potential origin. We identified the need: (1) for both long-term, high-frequency measurements of stem CH4 emissions to understand the fine-scale processes, alongside rapid large-scale measurements designed to understand the variability across individuals, species and ecosystems; (2) to identify microorganisms and biogeochemical pathways associated with CH4 production; and (3) to develop a mechanistic model including passive and active transport of CH4 from the soil-tree-atmosphere continuum. Addressing these challenges will help to constrain the magnitudes and patterns of CH4 emissions, and allow for the integration of pathways and mechanisms of CH4 production and emissions into process-based models. These advances will facilitate the upscaling of stem CH4 emissions to the ecosystem level and quantify the role of stem CH4 emissions for the local to global CH4 budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Barba
- Plant and Soil Sciences Department, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
| | - Mark A Bradford
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Paul E Brewer
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
| | - Dan Bruhn
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kristofer Covey
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Environmental Studies and Sciences Program, Skidmore College, NY, 12866, USA
- Skidmore College, Dana Science Center, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Joost van Haren
- Biosphere 2 and Honors College, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | | | - Teis Nørgaard Mikkelsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sunitha R Pangala
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00560, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ben Poulter
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
| | - Albert Rivas-Ubach
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Christopher W Schadt
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Kazuhiko Terazawa
- Department of Northern Biosphere Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 099-2493, Abashiri, Japan
| | - Daniel L Warner
- Plant and Soil Sciences Department, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Plant and Soil Sciences Department, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
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35
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Yip DZ, Veach AM, Yang ZK, Cregger MA, Schadt CW. Methanogenic Archaea dominate mature heartwood habitats of Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:115-121. [PMID: 29978909 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While recent reports demonstrate that the direct emission of methane from living tree trunks may be a significant terrestrial emission source, there has been debate whether tree emissions are due to transport from soils or produced in the wood environment itself. Reports of methanogens from wood of trees were prominent in the literature 40 years ago but have not been revisited with molecular ecology approaches. We examined communities associated with Populus deltoides using rRNA gene sequence analyses and how these vary with tree and wood properties. Our data indicate that wood environments are dominated by anaerobic microbiomes. Methanogens are prominent in heartwood (mean 34% relative abundance) compared to sapwood environments (13%), and dominant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were classified as the Methanobacterium sp. Members of the Firmicutes phylum comprised 39% of total sequences and were in 42% greater abundance in sapwood over heartwood niches. Tree diameter was the strongest predictor of methanogen abundance, but wood moisture content and pH were also significant predictors of taxon abundance and overall community composition. Unlike microbiomes of the soil, rhizosphere and phyllosphere, wood associated communities are shaped by unique environmental conditions and may be prominent and overlooked sources of methane emissions in temperate forest systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Z Yip
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Allison M Veach
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Zamin K Yang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Melissa A Cregger
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Christopher W Schadt
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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36
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Covey KR, Megonigal JP. Methane production and emissions in trees and forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:35-51. [PMID: 30521089 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 35 I. Introduction 36 II. Tree CH4 fluxes 36 III. Tree emissions of soil-produced CH4 40 IV. Tree-produced CH4 42 V. Trees in forest CH4 budgets 44 VI. Conclusions 46 Acknowledgements 48 Author contributions 48 References 48 SUMMARY: Forest ecosystem methane (CH4 ) research has focused on soils, but trees are also important sources and sinks in forest CH4 budgets. Living and dead trees transport and emit CH4 produced in soils; living trees and dead wood emit CH4 produced inside trees by microorganisms; and trees produce CH4 through an abiotic photochemical process. Here, we review the state of the science on the production, consumption, transport, and emission of CH4 by living and dead trees, and the spatial and temporal dynamics of these processes across hydrologic gradients inclusive of wetland and upland ecosystems. Emerging research demonstrates that tree CH4 emissions can significantly increase the source strength of wetland forests, and modestly decrease the sink strength of upland forests. Scaling from stem or leaf measurements to trees or forests is limited by knowledge of the mechanisms by which trees transport soil-produced CH4 , microbial processes produce and oxidize CH4 inside trees, a lack of mechanistic models, the diffuse nature of forest CH4 fluxes, complex overlap between sources and sinks, and extreme variation across individuals. Understanding the complex processes that regulate CH4 source-sink dynamics in trees and forests requires cross-disciplinary research and new conceptual models that transcend the traditional binary classification of wetland vs upland forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristofer R Covey
- Environmental Studies and Sciences Program, Skidmore College, 815 N Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, 195 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - J Patrick Megonigal
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
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37
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Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Liu F, Wang R, Huang L, Shen W. Hydrogen peroxide is involved in methane-induced tomato lateral root formation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:377-389. [PMID: 30617541 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02372-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological and molecular evidence reveals a novel role of methane (CH4) gas in root organogenesis, the induction of lateral root (LR) formation, and this response might require hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) synthesis. Although plants can produce CH4 and release this to atmosphere, the beneficial role(s) of CH4 are not fully elucidated. In this study, the fumigation with CH4 not only increased NADPH oxidase activity and H2O2 production, but also induced tomato lateral root primordial formation and thereafter LR development. However, exogenously applied argon and nitrogen failed to influence LR formation. Above responses triggered by CH4 were sensitive to the removal of endogenous H2O2 with dimethylthiourea (DMTU; a membrane-permeable scavenger of H2O2), suggesting the hypothesis that CH4's effect on LR formation could be mediated by endogenous H2O2. Diphenylene iodonium (DPI) inhibition of the H2O2 generating enzyme NADPH oxidase attenuated H2O2 synthesis and impaired LR formation in response to CH4, confirming the requirement of NADPH oxidase-dependent H2O2. Meanwhile, the alterations of endogenous H2O2 concentrations failed to influence CH4 production in tomato seedlings. Molecular evidence revealed that CH4-induced SlCDKA1, SlCYCA2;1, and SlCYCA3;1 transcripts, and -decreased SlKRP2 mRNA were impaired by DMTU or DPI. Contrasting changes in LR formation-related miR390a and miR160 transcripts and their target genes, including SlARF4 and SlARF16, were observed. Together, our pharmacological and molecular evidence suggested the requirement of H2O2 synthesis in CH4-triggered tomato LR formation, partially via the regulation of cell cycle regulatory genes, miRNA-, and tasiRNA-modulated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feijie Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ren Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Liqin Huang
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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38
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Plain C, Ndiaye FK, Bonnaud P, Ranger J, Epron D. Impact of vegetation on the methane budget of a temperate forest. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:1447-1456. [PMID: 30267569 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Upland forest soils are known to be the main biological sink for methane, but studies have shown that net methane uptake of a forest ecosystem can be reduced when methane emissions by vegetation are considered. We estimated the methane budget of a young oak plantation by considering tree stems but also the understorey vegetation. Automated chambers connected to a laser-based gas analyser, on tree stems, bare soil and soil covered with understorey vegetation, recorded CH4 fluxes for 7 months at 3 h intervals. Tree stem emissions were low and equated to only 0.1% of the soil sink. Conversely, the presence of understorey vegetation increased soil methane uptake. This plant-driven enhancement of CH4 uptake occurred when the soil was consuming methane. At the stand level, the methane budget shifted from -1.4 ± 0.4 kg C ha-1 when we upscaled data obtained only on bare soil, to -2.9 ± 0.6 kg C ha-1 when we considered soil area that was covered with understorey vegetation. These results indicate that aerenchymatous plant species, which are known to reduce the methane sink in wetlands, actually increase soil methane uptake two-fold in an upland forest by enhancing methane and oxygen transport and/or by promoting growth of methanotrophic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Plain
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR Silva, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Fatou-Kiné Ndiaye
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR Silva, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Daniel Epron
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR Silva, F-54000, Nancy, France
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39
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Pangala SR, Enrich-Prast A, Basso LS, Peixoto RB, Bastviken D, Hornibrook ERC, Gatti LV, Marotta H, Calazans LSB, Sakuragui CM, Bastos WR, Malm O, Gloor E, Miller JB, Gauci V. Large emissions from floodplain trees close the Amazon methane budget. Nature 2017; 552:230-234. [DOI: 10.1038/nature24639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Kanaparthi D, Reim A, Martinson GO, Pommerenke B, Conrad R. Methane emission from feather moss stands. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:4884-4895. [PMID: 28514080 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Data from remote sensing and Eddy towers indicate that forests are not always net sinks for atmospheric CH4 . However, studies describing specific sources within forests and functional analysis of microorganisms on sites with CH4 turnover are scarce. Feather moss stands were considered to be net sinks for carbon dioxide, but received little attention to their role in CH4 cycling. Therefore, we investigated methanogenic rates and pathways together with the methanogenic microbial community composition in feather moss stands from temperate and boreal forests. Potential rates of CH4 emission from intact moss stands (n = 60) under aerobic conditions ranged between 19 and 133 pmol CH4 h-1 gdw-1 . Temperature and water content positively influenced CH4 emission. Methanogenic potentials determined under N2 atmosphere in darkness ranged between 22 and 157 pmol CH4 h-1 gdw-1 . Methane production was strongly inhibited by bromoethane sulfonate or chloroform, showing that CH4 was of microbial origin. The moss samples tested contained fluorescent microbial cells and between 104 and 105 copies per gram dry weight moss of the mcrA gene coding for a subunit of the methyl CoM reductase. Archaeal 16S rRNA and mcrA gene sequences in the moss stands were characteristic for the archaeal families Methanobacteriaceae and Methanosarcinaceae. The potential methanogenic rates were similar in incubations with and without methyl fluoride, indicating that the CH4 was produced by the hydrogenotrophic rather than aceticlastic pathway. Consistently, the CH4 produced was depleted in 13 C in comparison with the moss biomass carbon and acetate accumulated to rather high concentrations (3-62 mM). The δ13 C of acetate was similar to that of the moss biomass, indicating acetate production by fermentation. Our study showed that the feather moss stands contained active methanogenic microbial communities producing CH4 by hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis and causing net emission of CH4 under ambient conditions, albeit at low rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj Kanaparthi
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Reim
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Guntars O Martinson
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bianca Pommerenke
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Conrad
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
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41
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Winton RS, Flanagan N, Richardson CJ. Neotropical peatland methane emissions along a vegetation and biogeochemical gradient. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187019. [PMID: 29053738 PMCID: PMC5650183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical wetlands are thought to be the most important source of interannual variability in atmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations, yet sparse data prevents them from being incorporated into Earth system models. This problem is particularly pronounced in the neotropics where bottom-up models based on water table depth are incongruent with top-down inversion models suggesting unaccounted sinks or sources of CH4. The newly documented vast areas of peatlands in the Amazon basin may account for an important unrecognized CH4 source, but the hydrologic and biogeochemical controls of CH4 dynamics from these systems remain poorly understood. We studied three zones of a peatland in Madre de Dios, Peru, to test whether CH4 emissions and pore water concentrations varied with vegetation community, soil chemistry and proximity to groundwater sources. We found that the open-canopy herbaceous zone emitted roughly one-third as much CH4 as the Mauritia flexuosa palm-dominated areas (4.7 ± 0.9 and 14.0 ± 2.4 mg CH4 m-2 h-1, respectively). Emissions decreased with distance from groundwater discharge across the three sampling sites, and tracked changes in soil carbon chemistry, especially increased soil phenolics. Based on all available data, we calculate that neotropical peatlands contribute emissions of 43 ± 11.9 Tg CH4 y-1, however this estimate is subject to geographic bias and will need revision once additional studies are published.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Scott Winton
- Duke University Wetland Center, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Neal Flanagan
- Duke University Wetland Center, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Curtis J. Richardson
- Duke University Wetland Center, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
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Pitz S, Megonigal JP. Temperate forest methane sink diminished by tree emissions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:1432-1439. [PMID: 28370057 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Global budgets ascribe 4-10% of atmospheric methane (CH4 ) sinks to upland soils and have assumed until recently that soils are the sole surface for CH4 exchange in upland forests. Here we report that CH4 is emitted from the stems of dominant tree species in a temperate upland forest, measured using both the traditional static-chamber method and a new high-frequency, automated system. Tree emissions averaged across 68 observations on 17 trees from May to September were 1.59 ± 0.88 μmol CH4 m-2 stem h-1 (mean ± 95% confidence interval), while soils adjacent to the trees consumed atmospheric CH4 at a rate of -4.52 ± 0.64 μmol CH4 m-2 soil h-1 (P < 0.0001). High-frequency measurements revealed diurnal patterns in the rate of tree-stem CH4 emissions. A simple scaling exercise suggested that tree emissions offset 1-6% of the growing season soil CH4 sink and may have briefly changed the forest to a net CH4 source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Pitz
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
| | - J Patrick Megonigal
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
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Wang ZP, Gu Q, Deng FD, Huang JH, Megonigal JP, Yu Q, Lü XT, Li LH, Chang S, Zhang YH, Feng JC, Han XG. Methane emissions from the trunks of living trees on upland soils. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:429-439. [PMID: 26918765 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Upland forests are traditionally thought to be net sinks for atmospheric methane (CH4 ). In such forests, in situ CH4 fluxes on tree trunks have been neglected relative to soil and canopy fluxes. We measured in situ CH4 fluxes from the trunks of living trees and other surfaces, such as twigs and soils, using a static closed-chamber method, and estimated the CH4 budget in a temperate upland forest in Beijing. We found that the trunks of Populus davidiana emitted large quantities of CH4 during July 2014-July 2015, amounting to mean annual emissions of 85.3 and 103.1 μg m(-2) h(-1) on a trunk surface area basis on two replicate plots. The emission rates were similar in magnitude to those from tree trunks in wetland forests. The emitted CH4 was derived from the heartwood of trunks. On a plot or ecosystem scale, trunk CH4 emissions were equivalent to c. 30-90% of the amount of CH4 consumed by soils throughout the year, with an annual average of 63%. Our findings suggest that wet heartwoods, regardless of rot or not, occur widely in living trees on various habitats, where CH4 can be produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, China
| | - Qian Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Feng-Dan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian-Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - J Patrick Megonigal
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, PO Box 28, Edgewater, MD, 21037-0028, USA
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, China
| | - Ling-Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Scott Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E3, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yun-Hai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jin-Chao Feng
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xing-Guo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, China
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Machacova K, Bäck J, Vanhatalo A, Halmeenmäki E, Kolari P, Mammarella I, Pumpanen J, Acosta M, Urban O, Pihlatie M. Pinus sylvestris as a missing source of nitrous oxide and methane in boreal forest. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23410. [PMID: 26997421 PMCID: PMC4800674 DOI: 10.1038/srep23410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Boreal forests comprise 73% of the world's coniferous forests. Based on forest floor measurements, they have been considered a significant natural sink of methane (CH4) and a natural source of nitrous oxide (N2O), both of which are important greenhouse gases. However, the role of trees, especially conifers, in ecosystem N2O and CH4 exchange is only poorly understood. We show for the first time that mature Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees consistently emit N2O and CH4 from both stems and shoots. The shoot fluxes of N2O and CH4 exceeded the stem flux rates by 16 and 41 times, respectively. Moreover, higher stem N2O and CH4 fluxes were observed from wet than from dry areas of the forest. The N2O release from boreal pine forests may thus be underestimated and the uptake of CH4 may be overestimated when ecosystem flux calculations are based solely on forest floor measurements. The contribution of pine trees to the N2O and CH4 exchange of the boreal pine forest seems to increase considerably under high soil water content, thus highlighting the urgent need to include tree-emissions in greenhouse gas emission inventories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Machacova
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaana Bäck
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Anni Vanhatalo
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Elisa Halmeenmäki
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 48, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Pasi Kolari
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 48, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Ivan Mammarella
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 48, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Jukka Pumpanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Manuel Acosta
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 48, FI-00014, Finland.,Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Finland
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