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Zeng Q, Xu B, Deng J, Shang K, Guo Z, Wu S. Optimization of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface chemical modification and formulation for improved T cell activation and expansion. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 239:113977. [PMID: 38776594 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy has undergone remarkable advancements in recent decades; nevertheless, the rapid and effective ex vivo expansion of tumor-reactive T cells remains a formidable challenge, limiting their clinical application. Artificial antigen-presenting substrates represent a promising avenue for enhancing the efficiency of adoptive immunotherapy and fostering T cell expansion. These substrates offer significant potential by providing flexibility and modularity in the design of tailored stimulatory environments. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) silicone elastomer stands as a widely utilized biomaterial for exploring the varying sensitivity of T cell activation to substrate properties. This paper explores the optimization of PDMS surface modification and formulation to create customized stimulatory surfaces with the goal of enhancing T cell expansion. By employing soft PDMS elastomer functionalized through silanization and activating agent, coupled with site-directed protein immobilization techniques, a novel T cell stimulatory platform is introduced, facilitating T cell activation and proliferation. Notably, our findings underscore that softer modified elastomers (Young' modulus E∼300 kPa) exhibit superior efficacy in stimulating and activating mouse CD4+ T cells compared to their stiffer counterparts (E∼3 MPa). Furthermore, softened modified PDMS substrates demonstrate enhanced capabilities in T cell expansion and Th1 differentiation, offering promising insights for the advancement of T cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongjiao Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bowen Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation, Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiewen Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation, Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kun Shang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation, Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhenhong Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation, Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Shuqing Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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2
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Neo SY, Xu S, Chong J, Lam KP, Wu J. Harnessing novel strategies and cell types to overcome immune tolerance during adoptive cell therapy in cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006434. [PMID: 37100458 PMCID: PMC10151952 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy encompasses an expanding spectrum of cell-based regimes for the treatment of human ailments, such as the use of immune cells, in particular T cells, for combating tumors and the modulation of inflammatory immune responses. In this review, we focus on cell therapy in the immuno-oncology space, which is largely driven by interests and demands from the clinics for better solutions to target various hard-to-treat cancers. We discuss recent advances in various types of cell therapies, including T cell receptor-T cells, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Particularly, the present review focuses on the strategies to improve therapeutic responses by either enhancing tumor recognition or the resilience of infused immune cells within tumor microenvironment. Finally, we discuss the potential of other innate or innate-like immune cell types currently being explored as promising CAR-cell alternatives that seek to address the limitations of conventional adoptive cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yong Neo
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shengli Xu
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Joni Chong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kong-Peng Lam
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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3
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Nong C, Guan P, Li L, Zhang H, Hu H. Tumor immunotherapy: Mechanisms and clinical applications. MEDCOMM – ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/mog2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Nong
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Pengbo Guan
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Li Li
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Chongqing International Institution for Immunology Chongqing China
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4
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Wang Y, Ma X, Huang J, Yang X, Kang M, Sun X, Li H, Wu Y, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Xue Y, Fang Y. Somatic FOXC1 insertion mutation remodels the immune microenvironment and promotes the progression of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:431. [PMID: 35504885 PMCID: PMC9065155 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04873-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignant hematological diseases in children. An immunosuppressive microenvironment, particularly regulatory T cell (Treg) infiltration, has been documented to be highly associated with childhood ALL. This present study, based on genetic factors, was aimed at investigating the mutations potentially involved in the immunosuppressive microenvironment in childhood ALL. After whole-exome sequencing was used on DNA extracted from the T cells of ALL bone marrow samples, we found the FOXC1 H446HG induced a increased Treg while decreased cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) in bone marrow. The mutation of FOXC1 in T cell promoted the proliferation of leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo. CpG islands formed by insertion mutation led to an abnormal increase in exon methylation and were associated with the suppression of FOXC1. Decreased FOXC1 attenuated the transcription of HDAC1, thus resulting in the activation of KLF10 through increasing H3K27 acetylation in the promoter region. In conclusion, the de novo insertion mutation in FOXC1 induced suppression of FOXC1, thereby promoting a Treg/CTL shift in the ALL immune microenvironment. The FOXC1 H446HG mutation might be a potential therapeutic target for ALL in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 72# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xiaopeng Ma
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 72# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Jie Huang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 72# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xiaoyun Yang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 72# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Meiyun Kang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 72# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 72# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Huimin Li
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 72# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Yijun Wu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 72# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Heng Zhang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 72# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 72# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Yao Xue
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 72# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Yongjun Fang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 72# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China
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Anti-hepatoma Effect of DC2.4 Cells Transfected with Tumor-Associated Antigen Cdc25C In Vitro. Curr Med Sci 2022; 42:491-497. [PMID: 35292875 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2556-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cell division cyclin 25 homolog C (Cdc25C) is a tumor-associated antigen candidate gene, and this may be used as an effective target in cancer treatment. The present study aims to evaluate the lysis effect of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) induced by dendritic cell line DC2.4 overexpressing Cdc25C, and the feasibility of Cdc25C as a component in hepatoma immunotherapy. METHODS The mouse Cdc25C gene was ligated into a lentiviral vector, and transfected into DC2.4 cells. The DC2.4 cell phenotype and cytokine secretion were determined by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. CD8+ T cells were sorted from the spleens of C57BL/6 mice using a magnetic bead sorting kit obtained from Miltenyi Biotech, Germany, and co-cultured with DC2.4 cells for one week as effector cells. Then, IL-2, granzyme B and perforin were detected in the CTL culture medium by ELISA. Next, time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay was used to detect the immune killing effect of Cdc25C-specific CTLs on target cells. Meanwhile, the effect of blocking MHC-I sites on target cells with a monoclonal anti-MHC-I antibody was evaluated. RESULTS The results revealed that Cdc25C could be stably overexpressed in DC2.4 cells by LV-Cdc25C infection. DC2.4 cells transfected with LV-Cdc25C secreted more IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ, and had higher expression levels of CD40, CD86, CCR7 and MHC-II than unaltered DC2.4 cells. The elevated Cdc25C in dendritic cells also further increased the secretion of IL-2, granzyme B and perforin to elicit Cdc25C-specific CTLs, and induced the higher cytotoxicity in Hepa1-6 cell lines (P<0.05), but this had no effect on the target cells when MHC-I monoclonal antibodies were blocked. CONCLUSION DC2.4 cells transfected with LV-Cdc25C can induce specific CTLs, and result in a strong cellular immune response. The dendritic cells that overexpress Cdc25C may be useful for hepatoma immunotherapy.
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6
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Yong CSM, John LB, Devaud C, Prince MH, Johnstone RW, Trapani JA, Darcy PK, Kershaw MH. A role for multiple chimeric antigen receptor-expressing leukocytes in antigen-specific responses to cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:34582-98. [PMID: 27153556 PMCID: PMC5085178 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While adoptive immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells can induce remission of some tumors, the role of other CAR-modified leukocytes is not well characterized. In this study, we characterize the function of leukocytes including natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages and CAR T cells from transgenic mice expressing a CAR under the control of the pan-hematopoietic promoter, vav, and determine the ability of these mice to respond to ERB expressing tumors. We demonstrate the anti-tumor functions of leukocytes, including antigen specific cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion. The adoptive transfer of CAR T cells provided a greater survival advantage in the E0771ERB tumor model than their wildtype (WT) counterparts. In addition, CAR NK cells and CAR T cells also mediated increased survival in the RMAERB tumor model. When challenged with Her2 expressing tumors, F38 mice were shown to mount an effective immune response, resulting in tumor rejection and long-term survival. This was shown to be predominantly dependent on both CD8+ T cells and NK cells. However, macrophages and CD4+ T cells were also shown to contribute to this response. Overall, this study highlights the use of the vav-CAR mouse model as a unique tool to determine the anti-tumor function of various immune subsets, either alone or when acting alongside CAR T cells in adoptive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen S M Yong
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liza B John
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christel Devaud
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INPT, INRA, INSERM UMR1220, UPS, France
| | - Miles H Prince
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ricky W Johnstone
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph A Trapani
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Phillip K Darcy
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Prahran Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael H Kershaw
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Prahran Victoria, Australia
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7
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Ding ZC, Habtetsion T, Cao Y, Li T, Liu C, Kuczma M, Chen T, Hao Z, Bryan L, Munn DH, Zhou G. Adjuvant IL-7 potentiates adoptive T cell therapy by amplifying and sustaining polyfunctional antitumor CD4+ T cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12168. [PMID: 28939858 PMCID: PMC5610351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12488-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased availability of homeostatic cytokines is considered a major mechanism by which lymphodepletion enhances the efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy (ACT). IL-7 is one such cytokine capable of augmenting the function of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells. However, whether host-derived IL-7 plays a role in driving the proper function of CD4+ T cells in an ACT setting remains unclear. Here we report that lymphodepleting chemotherapy by cyclophosphamide (CTX) does not lead to increased availability of the endogenous IL-7 in mice. Despite of a paucity of IL-7 in the immune milieu, CTX preconditioning allowed adoptively transferred naïve tumor-specific CD4+ T cells to undergo effector differentiation and regain IL-7Rα expression, giving rise to IL-7-responsive polyfunctional CD4+ effector cells. Correspondingly, supplementation of exogenous recombinant IL-7 markedly amplified and sustained polyfunctional CD4+ effector cells, resulting in improved therapeutic outcome in a mouse lymphoma model. We further demonstrated that the immune-enhancing effects of IL-7 were also applicable to donor CD4+ T cells pre-activated under Th1 polarizing condition. These findings suggest caution in relying on the endogenous IL-7 to enhance donor T cell expansion and persistence after lymphodepleting chemotherapy, and highlight the usefulness of recombinant IL-7 as an adjuvant for adoptive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chun Ding
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tsadik Habtetsion
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Orthodontics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Tao Li
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Oncology Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 804 Shengli Road, Yinchuan, PR China
| | - Chufeng Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, S366 Jiangnan Boulevard, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Michal Kuczma
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tingting Chen
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhonglin Hao
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Locke Bryan
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - David H Munn
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gang Zhou
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
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8
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Exploiting IL-17-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to improve cancer immunotherapy in the clinic. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:247-59. [PMID: 26825102 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is one the most effective approaches for treating patients with tumors, as it bolsters the generation and persistence of memory T cells. In preclinical work, it has been reported that adoptively transferred CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes that secrete IL-17A (i.e., Th17 and Tc17 cells) regress tumors to a greater extent than IFN-γ(+)Th1 or Tc1 cells in vivo. Herein, we review the mechanisms underlying how infused Th17 and Tc17 cells regress established malignancies in clinically relevant mouse models of cancer. We also discuss how unique signaling cues--such as co-stimulatory molecules (ICOS and 41BB), cytokines (IL-12 and IL-23) or pharmaceutical reagents (Akt inhibitors, etc.)--can be exploited to bolster the therapeutic potential of IL-17(+) lymphocytes with an emphasis on using this knowledge to improve next-generation clinical trials for patients with cancer.
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Kiraz Y, Baran Y, Nalbant A. T cells in tumor microenvironment. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:39-45. [PMID: 26476540 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors progress in a specific area, which supports its development, spreading or shrinking in time with the presence of different factors that effect the fate of the cancer cells. This specialized site is called "tumor microenvironment" and has a composition of heterogenous materials. The immune cells are also residents of this stromal, cancerous, and inflammatory environment, and their types, densities, or functional differences are one of the key factors that mediate the fate of a tumor. T cells as a vital part of the immune system also are a component of tumor microenvironment, and their roles have been elucidated in many studies. In this review, we focused on the immune system components by focusing on T cells and detailed T helper cell subsets in tumor microenvironment and how their behaviors affect either the tumor or the patient's outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yağmur Kiraz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Molecular Immunology and Gene Regulation Laboratory, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35430, İzmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, 38080, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Baran
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Molecular Immunology and Gene Regulation Laboratory, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35430, İzmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, 38080, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ayten Nalbant
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Molecular Immunology and Gene Regulation Laboratory, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35430, İzmir, Turkey.
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10
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Wang T, Liu X, Ji Z, Men Y, Du M, Ding C, Wu Y, Liu X, Kang Q. Antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of recombinant fusion protein rMBP-NAP through TLR-2 dependent mechanism in tumor bearing mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:876-883. [PMID: 26384537 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of Helicobacter pylori neutrophil activating protein (Hp-NAP) not only make it to play an important role in disease pathogenesis but also make it to be a potential candidate for therapeutic applications, including vaccine and drug development. Our previous work demonstrated that the recombinant Hp-NAP fused with the maltose binding protein of Escherichia coli (rMBP-NAP) play an important role in regulating the differentiation of Th1 cells. In this study, we investigated the ability of rMBP-NAP to induce antitumor immunity using two murine models of hepatoma H22 and sarcoma S180. Subcutaneous administration of mice with rMBP-NAP resulted in an about 40%-50% decrease of tumor growth compared with that of the control mice. Splenocytes from the tumor-bearing mice treated with rMBP-NAP showed a significant accumulation of CD4(+) IFN-γ-secreting cells, which is a cytokine profile of Th1 cells. Furthermore, intravenous injection of T2.5, toll like receptor (TLR) 2 blocking antibody, significantly recede the antitumor effect of rMBP-NAP and the production of IFN-γ induced by rMBP-NAP. Our findings indicate that potentiality of rMBP-NAP to be a candidate for the development of immunomodulatory antitumoral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Xilong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Zhenyu Ji
- Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 40 University Road, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China.
| | - Yingli Men
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Mingxuan Du
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Cong Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Yahong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Qiaozhen Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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11
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Jha SS, Chakraborty NG, Singh P, Mukherji B, Dorsky DI. Knockdown of T-bet expression in Mart-127-35 -specific T-cell-receptor-engineered human CD4(+) CD25(-) and CD8(+) T cells attenuates effector function. Immunology 2015; 145:124-35. [PMID: 25495780 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene transfer to create tumour epitope-specific cytolytic T cells for adoptive immunotherapy of cancer remains an area of active inquiry. When the Mart-127-35 -specific DMF5 T-cell receptor (TCR) is transferred into peripheral human CD4(+) T cells, the reprogrammed cells exhibit a T helper type 1 (Th1) phenotype with significant multifactorial effector capabilities. The T-bet transcription factor plays an important role in determination of the Th1 differentiation pathway. To gain a deeper understanding of how T-bet controls the outcome of human T-cell reprogramming by gene transfer, we developed a system for examining the effects of short hairpin RNA-mediated T-bet gene knockdown in sorted cell populations uniformly expressing the knockdown construct. In this system, using activated peripheral human CD4(+) CD25(-) and CD8(+) T cells, T-bet knockdown led to attenuation of the interferon-γ response to both antigen-specific and non-specific TCR stimulation. The interleukin-2 (IL-2) antigen-specific response was not attenuated by T-bet knockdown. Also, in TCR-reprogrammed CD8(+) cells, the cytolytic effector response was attenuated by T-bet knockdown. T-bet knockdown did not cause redirection into a Th2 differentiation pathway, and no increased IL-4, IL-10, or IL-17 response was detected in this system. These results indicate that T-bet expression is required for maintenance of the CD4(+) CD25(-) and CD8(+) effector phenotypes in TCR-reprogrammed human T cells. They also suggest that the activation protocol necessary for transduction with retrovectors and lentivectors may commit the reprogrammed cells to the Th1 phenotype, which cannot be altered by T-bet knockdown but that there is, nevertheless, a continuous requirement of T-bet expression for interferon-γ gene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidharth S Jha
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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12
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Zhuo M, Song L, Tang Y, Dai S, Chen X, Yu Y, Zang G, Tang Z. Vaccination with ubiquitin-hepatitis B core antigen-cytoplasmic transduction peptide enhances the hepatitis B virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte immune response and inhibits hepatitis B virus replication in transgenic mice. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3591-3598. [PMID: 26004262 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is characterized by functionally impaired type 1 T-helper cell (Thl) immunity and poor HBV‑specific T‑cell responses. Ubiquitin (Ub), a highly conserved small regulatory protein, commonly serves as a signal for target proteins that are recognized and degraded in proteasomes. The rapid degradation of Ub‑mediated antigens results in efficient stimulation of cell‑mediated immune responses. Thus, the Ub‑HBV core antigen (HBcAg)‑cytoplasmic transduction peptide (CTP) fusion protein was designed for specific delivery of a foreign modified antigen to the cytoplasm of antigen‑presenting cells. HBV transgenic mice were used to determine whether Ub‑HBcAg‑CTP would restore HBV‑specific immune responses and anti‑viral immunity in these animals. The results demonstrated that synthesized Ub‑HBcAg‑CTP not only significantly increased the levels of interleukin‑2 and interferon (IFN)‑γ compared with those in the HBcAg‑CTP, IFN‑α, Ub‑HBcAg, HBcAg and phosphate‑buffered saline groups, but additionally induced the highest IFN‑γ+ CD8+ T‑cell numbers and HBV‑specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses, indicating a strong immune response. In addition, enhancement of specific CTL activity provoked by the fusion protein reduced hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA serum levels and diminished the expression of HBsAg and HBcAg in liver tissue of HBV transgenic mice, suggesting that there was a therapeutic effect. In conclusion, the present study provided evidence that Ub‑HBcAg‑CTP activated the Th1‑dependent immunity, triggered functional T cell responses and subsequently inhibited viral replication in HBV transgenic mice. These observations suggested that the fusion protein may represent an innovative and promising candidate for active immunotherapy during chronic and persistent HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhuo
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Song
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yuyan Tang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Shenglan Dai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Zang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghao Tang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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Lu X, Ding ZC, Cao Y, Liu C, Habtetsion T, Yu M, Lemos H, Salman H, Xu H, Mellor AL, Zhou G. Alkylating agent melphalan augments the efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy using tumor-specific CD4+ T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:2011-21. [PMID: 25560408 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the immune-potentiating effects of some widely used chemotherapeutic agents have been increasingly appreciated. This provides a rationale for combining conventional chemotherapy with immunotherapy strategies to achieve durable therapeutic benefits. Previous studies have implicated the immunomodulatory effects of melphalan, an alkylating agent commonly used to treat multiple myeloma, but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. In the present study, we investigated the impact of melphalan on endogenous immune cells as well as adoptively transferred tumor-specific CD4(+) T cells in tumor-bearing mice. We showed that melphalan treatment resulted in a rapid burst of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines during the cellular recovery phase after melphalan-induced myelodepletion and leukodepletion. After melphalan treatment, tumor cells exhibited characteristics of immunogenic cell death, including membrane translocation of the endoplasmic reticulum-resident calreticulin and extracellular release of high-mobility group box 1. Additionally, there was enhanced tumor Ag uptake by dendritic cells in the tumor-draining lymph node. Consistent with these immunomodulatory effects, melphalan treatment of tumor-bearing mice led to the activation of the endogenous CD8(+) T cells and, more importantly, effectively drove the clonal expansion and effector differentiation of adoptively transferred tumor-specific CD4(+) T cells. Notably, the combination of melphalan and CD4(+) T cell adoptive cell therapy was more efficacious than either treatment alone in prolonging the survival of mice with advanced B cell lymphomas or colorectal tumors. These findings provide mechanistic insights into melphalan's immunostimulatory effects and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of combining melphalan with adoptive cell therapy utilizing antitumor CD4(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Lu
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912; Division of Digestive Endoscopy, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhi-Chun Ding
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Yang Cao
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Chufeng Liu
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912; Department of Orthodontics, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Tsadik Habtetsion
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Miao Yu
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Henrique Lemos
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Huda Salman
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912; and
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Andrew L Mellor
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912; and
| | - Gang Zhou
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912; and
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Bailey SR, Nelson MH, Himes RA, Li Z, Mehrotra S, Paulos CM. Th17 cells in cancer: the ultimate identity crisis. Front Immunol 2014; 5:276. [PMID: 24987392 PMCID: PMC4060300 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) cells play a complex and controversial role in tumor immunity and have been found to exhibit a fluctuating identity within the context of cancer. The recent, expanding literature on these cells attests to their puzzling nature, either promoting or suppressing tumor growth depending on the malignancy and course of therapeutic intervention investigated. This review addresses several newly appreciated factors that may help delineate Th17 cells' immunological properties in the context of cancer. Several reports suggest that inflammatory signals induced in the tumor milieu regulate the functional fate and antitumor activity of Th17 cells. Recent findings also point to significant alterations in Th17 cells due to their interplay with regulatory T lymphocytes and cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells within the tumor microenvironment. Finally, an appreciation for the stem cell-like properties of Th17 cells that augment their persistence and activity emerges from recent reports. The impact of these factors on Th17 cells' antitumor efficacy and how these factors may be exploited to improve cancer therapies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie R Bailey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA ; Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
| | - Michelle H Nelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA ; Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
| | - Richard A Himes
- Department of Chemistry, College of Charleston , Charleston, SC , USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
| | - Chrystal M Paulos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA ; Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
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15
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Jackaman C, Dye DE, Nelson DJ. IL-2/CD40-activated macrophages rescue age and tumor-induced T cell dysfunction in elderly mice. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9655. [PMID: 24744051 PMCID: PMC4082580 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9655-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The role of macrophages and their interactions with T cells during aging is not well understood. We determined if activating elderly-derived macrophages could rescue age-related and tumor-induced T cell dysfunction. Healthy elderly (18-24 months) Balb/c contained significantly more splenic IL-10-secreting M2-macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells than young (6-8 weeks) mice. Exposure to syngeneic mesothelioma or lung carcinoma-conditioned media polarized peritoneal macrophages into suppressive M2-macrophages regardless of age. Tumor-exposed, elderly, but not young-derived, macrophages produced high levels of IL-4 and could not induce T cell IFN-γ production. We attempted to rescue tumor-exposed macrophages with LPS/IFN-γ (M1 stimulus) or IL-2/agonist anti-CD40 antibody. Tumor-exposed, M1-stimulated macrophages retained high CD40 expression, yet TNF-α and IFN-γ production were diminished relative to non-tumor-exposed, M1-stimulated controls. These macrophages induced young and elderly-derived T cell proliferation however, T cells did not secrete IFN-γ. In contrast, tumor-exposed, IL-2/CD40-stimulated macrophages rescued elderly-derived T cell IFN-γ production, suggesting that IL-2/CD40-activated macrophages could rescue T cell immunity in aging hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Jackaman
- />Immunology and Cancer Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102 Australia
- />School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Kent St., Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102 Australia
| | - D. E. Dye
- />School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Kent St., Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102 Australia
| | - D. J. Nelson
- />Immunology and Cancer Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102 Australia
- />School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Kent St., Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102 Australia
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Darcy PK, Neeson P, Yong CSM, Kershaw MH. Manipulating immune cells for adoptive immunotherapy of cancer. Curr Opin Immunol 2014; 27:46-52. [PMID: 24534448 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The immune system can be induced to respond against cancer with some success reported in clinical trials using a range of approaches including vaccines and antibodies. In addition to these approaches, cell based therapies are demonstrating much promise as potential therapies for cancer. In cell therapies autologous patient leukocytes are isolated and manipulated in vitro before transfer back to the patient in adoptive transfer regimens. The majority of approaches utilize conventional T cells or dendritic cells, but a wide variety of other types of leukocytes exist which can possess anti-cancer activity. In this review, we present a brief overview of T cell adoptive cell transfer followed by a review of approaches using alternate lymphocyte subsets and other leukocytes including neutrophils, macrophages and eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip K Darcy
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Immunology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
| | - Paul Neeson
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Carmen S M Yong
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Immunology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Michael H Kershaw
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Immunology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
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Harada T, Kawaminami H, Miura NN, Adachi Y, Nakajima M, Yadomae T, Ohno N. Mechanism of Enhanced Hematopoietic Response by Soluble β-Glucan SCG in Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 50:687-700. [PMID: 16985290 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2006.tb03841.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SCG is a major 6-branched 1,3-beta-D-glucan in Sparassis crispa Fr. SCG shows antitumor activity and also enhances the hematopoietic response in cyclophosphamide (CY)-treated mice. In the present study, the molecular mechanism of the enhancement of the hematopoietic response was investigated. The levels of interferon-(IFN-)gamma, tumor necrosis factor-(TNF-)alpha, granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-(IL-) 6 and IL-12p70 were significantly increased by SCG in CY-treated mice. GM-CSF production in the splenocytes from the CY-treated mice was higher than that in normal mice regardless of SCG stimulation. Neutralizing GM-CSF significantly inhibited the induction of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-12p70 by SCG. The level of cytokine induction by SCG was regulated by the amount of endogenous GM-CSF produced in response to CY treatment in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of beta-glucan receptors, such as CR3 and dectin-1, was up-regulated by CY treatment. Blocking dectin-1 significantly inhibited the induction of TNF-alpha and IL-12p70 production by SCG. Taken together, these results suggest that the key factors in the cytokine induction in CY-treated mice were the enhanced levels of both endogenous GM-CSF production and dectin-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshie Harada
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Science, Japan
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Kumawat AK, Strid H, Tysk C, Bohr J, Hörnquist EH. Microscopic colitis patients demonstrate a mixed Th17/Tc17 and Th1/Tc1 mucosal cytokine profile. Mol Immunol 2013; 55:355-64. [PMID: 23566938 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microscopic colitis (MC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disorder of unknown aetiology comprising collagenous colitis (CC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC). Data on the local cytokine profile in MC is limited. This study investigated the T helper (Th) cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) mucosal cytokine profile at messenger and protein levels in MC patients. METHODS Mucosal biopsies from CC (n=10), LC (n=5), and CC or LC patients in histopathological remission (CC-HR, n=4), (LC-HR, n=6), ulcerative colitis (UC, n=3) and controls (n=10) were analysed by real-time PCR and Luminex for expression/production of IL-1β, -4, -5, -6, -10, -12, -17, -21, -22, -23, IFN-γ, TNF-α, T-bet and RORC2. RESULTS Mucosal mRNA but not protein levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 were significantly up regulated in CC, LC as well as UC patients compared to controls. Transcription of the Th1 transcription factor T-bet was significantly enhanced in CC but not LC patients. mRNA levels for IL-17A, IL-21, IL-22 and IL-6 were significantly up regulated in CC and LC patients compared to controls, albeit less than in UC patients. Significantly enhanced IL-21 protein levels were noted in both CC and LC patients. IL-6 protein and IL-1β mRNA levels were increased in CC and UC but not LC patients. Increased mucosal mRNA levels of IFN-γ, IL-21 and IL-22 were correlated with higher clinical activity, recorded as the number of bowel movements per day, in MC patients. Although at lower magnitude, IL-23A mRNA was upregulated in CC and LC, whereas TNF-α protein was increased in CC, LC as well as in UC patients. Neither mRNA nor protein levels of IL-4, IL-5 or IL-10 were significantly changed in any of the colitis groups. LC-HR and especially CC-HR patients had normalized mRNA and protein levels of the above cytokines compared to LC and CC patients. No significant differences were found between LC and CC in cytokine expression/production. CONCLUSION LC and CC patients demonstrate a mixed Th17/Tc17 and Th1/Tc1 mucosal cytokine profile.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Case-Control Studies
- Colitis, Collagenous/genetics
- Colitis, Collagenous/immunology
- Colitis, Collagenous/pathology
- Colitis, Lymphocytic/genetics
- Colitis, Lymphocytic/immunology
- Colitis, Lymphocytic/pathology
- Colitis, Microscopic/genetics
- Colitis, Microscopic/immunology
- Colitis, Microscopic/pathology
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- Immunity, Mucosal/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/pathology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/pathology
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/pathology
- Young Adult
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Cui H, Zhang W, Hu W, Liu K, Wang T, Ma N, Liu X, Liu Y, Jiang Y. Recombinant mammaglobin A adenovirus-infected dendritic cells induce mammaglobin A-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes against breast cancer cells in vitro. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63055. [PMID: 23650543 PMCID: PMC3641140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammaglobin A (MGBA) is a novel breast cancer-associated antigen almost exclusively over-expressed in primary and metastatic human breast cancers, making it a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer. The development of dendritic cell (DC)-induced tumor antigen specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) may hold promise in cancer immunotherapy. In this study we constructed recombinant replication-defective adenoviral (Ad) vectors encoding MGBA and evaluated their ability to trigger anti-tumor immunity in vitro. DCs were isolated from the human peripheral blood monocyte cells (PBMCs) of two HLA-A33+ healthy female volunteers, and infected with adenovirus carrying MGBA cDNA (Ad-MGBA). After that, the Ad-MGBA-infected DCs were used to stimulate CD8+ CTLs in vitro and the latter was used for co-culture with breast cancer cell lines. The data revealed that infection with Ad-MGBA improved DC maturation and up-regulated the expression of co-stimulatory molecules and the secretion of interleukin-12 (IL-12), but down-regulated interleukin-10 (IL-10) secretion from DCs. Ad-MGBA-infected DC-stimulated CD8+CTLs displayed the highest cytotoxicity towards HLA-A33+/MGBA+ breast cancer MDA-MB-415 cells compared with other CD8+CTL populations, and compared with the cytotoxicity towards HLA-A33−/MGBA+ breast cancer HBL-100 cells and HLA-A33−/MGBA− breast cancer MDA-MB 231 cells. In addition, Ad-MGBA-infected DC-stimulated CD8+ CTLs showed a high level of IFNγ secretion when stimulated with HLA-A33+/MGBA+ breast cancer MDA-MB-415 cells, but not when stimulated with HLA-A33−/MGBA+ HBL-100 and HLA-A33−/MGBA−MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, killing of CD8+CTLs against breast cancer was in a major histocompability complex (MHC)-limited pattern. Finally, the data also determined the importance of TNF-α in activating DCs and T cells. These data together suggest that MGBA recombinant adenovirus-infected DCs could induce specific anti-tumor immunity against MGBA+ breast cancers, which could provide a novel strategy in the immunotherapy of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Cui
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- College of Nursing, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Wenlu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kun Liu
- College of Nursing, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Youhong Jiang
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail:
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Chen X, Liu H, Tang Z, Yu Y, Zang G. The modification of Tapasin enhances cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity of intracellularly delivered CTL epitopes via cytoplasmic transduction peptide. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2013; 45:203-12. [PMID: 23299079 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gms116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the therapeutic vaccine based on the enhancement of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity may lead to viral clearance in HBV-infected individuals. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone Tapasin plays an important role in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I assembly and enhances specific MHC class I-restricted CTL activity by allowing more peptides to be translocated into the ER. Combining the specificity of hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) CTL epitope, the cell-penetrating property of cytoplasmic transduction peptide (CTP), and chaperone Tapasin may elicit robust specific HBV immune responses. In the present study, we confirmed the cytoplasmic localization preference of CTP-HBcAg(18-27)-Tapasin fusion protein in vitro and evaluated the effects on promoting bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) maturation and enhancing T cells response to generate specific CTLs. Our results showed that CTP-HBcAg(18-27)-Tapasin fusion protein could not only penetrate into the cytoplasm exactly and effectively to elevate Tapasin expression, but also increase the expression of surface molecules (CD80, CD83, CD86, and MHC-I) and secretion of cytokine (IL-12p70) of DCs. Moreover, DCs treated with the above fusion proteins increased significantly the cytokine secretion of proliferated T cells in vitro, the percentages of IFN-γ(+)CD8(+) T cells and specific CTL responses compared with control groups. In conclusion, the modification of Tapasin can enhance the presentation of targeting antigens via intracellular delivery to DCs and elicit specific CTL immune responses efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai No. 6 People's Hospital, College of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200233, China
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Chen JH, Yu YS, Chen XH, Liu HH, Zang GQ, Tang ZH. Enhancement of CTLs induced by DCs loaded with ubiquitinated hepatitis B virus core antigen. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:1319-27. [PMID: 22493545 PMCID: PMC3319958 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i12.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether hepatitis B virus (HBV) could induce a hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response in vitro by dendritic cells (DCs) transduced with lentiviral vector-encoding ubiquitinated hepatitis B virus core antigen (LV-Ub-HBcAg).
METHODS: Recombinant LV-Ub-HBcAg were transfected into highly susceptible 293 T cells to obtain high virus titres. Bone marrow-derived DCs isolated from BALB/c mice were cultured with recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and recombinant interleukin (IL)-4. LV-Ub-HBcAg, lentiviral vector-encoding hepatitis B virus core antigen (LV-HBcAg), lentiviral vector (LV) or lipopolysaccharide were added to induce DC maturation, and the DC phenotypes were analyzed by flow cytometry. The level of IL-12 in the supernatant was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). T lymphocytes were proliferated using Cell Counting Kit-8. DCs were cultured and induced to mature using different LVs, and co-cultured with allogeneic T cells to detect the secretion levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and interferon-γ in the supernatants of T cells by ELISA. Intracellular cytokines of proliferative T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, and specific CTL activity was measured by a lactate dehydrogenase release assay.
RESULTS: LV-Ub-HBcAg-induced DCs secreted more IL-12 and upregulated the expression of CD80, CD86 and major histocompatibility class II. DCs sensitised by different LVs effectively promoted cytokine secretion; the levels of IL-2 and interferon-γ induced by LV-Ub-HBcAg were higher than those induced by LV-HBcAg. Compared with LV-HBcAg-transduced DCs, LV-Ub-HBcAg-transduced DCs more efficiently stimulated the proliferation of T lymphocytes and generated HBcAg-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
CONCLUSION: LV-Ub-HBcAg effectively induced DC maturation. The mature DCs efficiently induced T cell polarisation to Th1 and generated HBcAg-specific CTLs.
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Cytotoxic chemotherapy and CD4+ effector T cells: an emerging alliance for durable antitumor effects. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:890178. [PMID: 22400040 PMCID: PMC3286900 DOI: 10.1155/2012/890178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Standard cytotoxic chemotherapy can initially achieve high response rates, but relapses often occur in patients and represent a severe clinical problem. As increasing numbers of chemotherapeutic agents are found to have immunostimulatory effects, there is a growing interest to combine chemotherapy and immunotherapy for synergistic antitumor effects and improved clinical benefits. Findings from recent studies suggest that highly activated, polyfunctional CD4+ effector T cells have tremendous potential in strengthening and sustaining the overall host antitumor immunity in the postchemotherapy window. This review focuses on the latest progresses regarding the impact of chemotherapy on CD4+ T-cell phenotype and function and discusses the prospect of exploiting CD4+ T cells to control tumor progression and prevent relapse after chemotherapy.
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Tajima M, Wakita D, Satoh T, Kitamura H, Nishimura T. IL-17/IFN- double producing CD8+ T (Tc17/IFN- ) cells: A novel cytotoxic T-cell subset converted from Tc17 cells by IL-12. Int Immunol 2011; 23:751-9. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxr086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Chen JH, Yu YS, Liu HH, Chen XH, Xi M, Zang GQ, Tang ZH. Ubiquitin conjugation of hepatitis B virus core antigen DNA vaccine leads to enhanced cell-mediated immune response in BALB/c mice. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2011. [PMID: 22140385 DOI: 10.5812/kowsar.1735143x.1372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly 350 million persons worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Ubiquitin (Ub) is a highly conserved small regulatory protein, ubiquitous in eukaryotes, that usually serves as a signal for the target protein that is recognised and degraded in proteasomes . The Ub-mediated processing of antigens is rapid and efficient and stimulates cell-mediated immune responses. Accordingly, Ub-mediated processing of antigens has been widely used in chronic-infection and cancer studies to improve immune response. OBJECTIVES Many clinical trials have shown that DNA vaccine potency needs to be greatly enhanced. Here, we report a new strategy for designing an HBV DNA vaccine using the ubiquitin (Ub) sequence. The aim of this study was to investigate a novel DNA vaccination, based on the expression of HBV core antigen (HBcAg), fused to Ub to enhance DNA vaccine potency. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse ubiquitin fused to the HBcAg gene and cloned into the eukaryotic vector pcDNA3.1 (-). BALB/c mice were immunized with recombinant pUb-HBcAg or pHBcAg DNA vaccine. Lymphocyte proliferation assay, intracellular IFN-γ assay, CTL cytotoxicity assay, and antibody assay were performed to analyze the cellular and humoral immune responses to our DNA constructs. RESULTS HBcAg was expressed effectively in the COS-7 cells that were transiently transfected with pUb-HBcAg. Strong anti-HBc IgG responses were elicited in mice that were immunized with pUb-HBcAg. The endpoint titers of anti-HBc peaked at 1:656100 on the 42nd day after the third immunization. pUb-HBcAg stimulated greater lymphocyte proliferation and induced higher levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ and a greater percentage of HBcAg-specific CD8+ T cells in mice than pHBcAg. In the CTL assay, the specific lysis rate reached 56.5% at an effector:target ratio of 50:1 in mice that were immunized with pUb-HBcAg. CONCLUSIONS pUb-HBcAg elicits specific anti-HBc responses and induces HBc-specific CTL responses in immunized BALB/c mice. Our results imply that Ub can be used as a molecular adjuvant that enhances the potency of DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Chamoto K, Takeshima T, Wakita D, Ohkuri T, Ashino S, Omatsu T, Shirato H, Kitamura H, Togashi Y, Nishimura T. Combination immunotherapy with radiation and CpG-based tumor vaccination for the eradication of radio- and immuno-resistant lung carcinoma cells. Cancer Sci 2009; 100:934-9. [PMID: 19245434 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Unmethylated cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) is known as a ligand of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), which selectively activates type-1 immunity. We have already reported that the vaccination of tumor-bearing mice with liposome-CpG coencapsulated with model-tumor antigen, ovalbumin (OVA) (CpG + OVA-liposome) caused complete cure of the mice bearing OVA-expressing EG-7 lymphoma cells. However, the same therapy was not effective to eradicate Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-OVA-carcinoma. To overcome the refractoriness of LLC-OVA, we tried the combination therapy of radiation with CpG-based tumor vaccination. When LLC-OVA-carcinoma intradermally (i.d.) injected into C57BL/6 became palpable (7-8 mm), the mice were irradiated twice with a dose of 14 Gy at intervals of 24 h. After the second radiation, CpG + OVA-liposome was i.d. administered near the draining lymph node (DLN) of the tumor mass. The tumor growth of mice treated with radiation plus CpG + OVA-liposome was greatly inhibited and approximately 60% of mice treated were completely cured. Moreover, the combined therapy with radiation and CpG + OVA-liposome allowed the augmented induction of OVA-tetramer(+) LLC-OVA-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) in DLN of tumor-bearing mice. These results indicate that the combined therapy of radiation with CpG-based tumor vaccine is a useful strategy to eradicate intractable carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Chamoto
- Division of Immunoregulation, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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26
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Bien E, Balcerska A, Adamkiewicz-Drozynska E, Rapala M, Krawczyk M, Stepinski J. Pre-treatment serum levels of interleukin-10, interleukin-12 and their ratio predict response to therapy and probability of event-free and overall survival in childhood soft tissue sarcomas, Hodgkin's lymphomas and acute lymphoblastic leukemias. Clin Biochem 2009; 42:1144-57. [PMID: 19376105 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Revised: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Deregulated serum IL-10, IL-12 and their reciprocal balance have been stated in malignancies of adults. In children with cancer the issue has not been investigated so far. DESIGN AND METHODS To determine the diagnostic and prognostic roles of pre-treatment serum levels of IL-10 (Th2 cytokine), IL-12 (Th1) and their ratios (measured by the IL-10 and IL-12p70 ELISA kits; Endogen) in 91 children with soft tissue sarcomas (STS), Hodgkin's lymphomas (HL) and acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL). RESULTS Median IL-10 and IL-12 levels were significantly higher in cancer patients than in healthy controls. Increased IL-10 indicated presence of general symptoms in HL and high risk group in ALL. Elevated IL-10 and IL-10/IL-12 ratios and decreased IL-12 correlated with poor-risk histology in STS, poor response to therapy, relapse and death from cancer. Multivariate analysis identified IL-10/IL-12 ratio>0.14 and IL-12<40 pg/mL as significant predictors for shorter EFS and OS, respectively. CONCLUSION Pre-treatment serum levels of IL-10, IL-12 and IL-10/IL-12 balance in children with STS, HL and ALL may be of value as additional prognostic tools to predict the response to therapy and probability of EFS and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Bien
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Oncology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
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27
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Genotype-dependent tumor regression in Marek's disease mediated at the level of tumor immunity. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2009; 2:23-31. [PMID: 19308678 PMCID: PMC2787926 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-008-0018-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 12/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Marek's disease (MD) of chickens is a unique natural model of Hodgkin's and Non Hodgkin's lymphomas in which the neoplastically-transformed cells over-express CD30 (CD30(hi)) antigen. All chicken genotypes can be infected with MD virus and develop microscopic lymphomas. From 21 days post infection (dpi) microscopic lymphomas regress in resistant chickens but, in contrast, they progress to gross lymphomas in susceptible chickens. Here we test our hypothesis that in resistant chickens at 21 dpi the tissue microenvironment is pro T-helper (Th)-1 and compatible with cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immunity but in susceptible lines it is pro Th-2 or pro T-regulatory (T-reg) and antagonistic to CTL immunity. We used the B2, non-MHC-associated, MD resistance/susceptibility system (line [L]6(1)/line [L]7(2)) and quantified the levels of key mRNAs that can be used to define Th-1 (IL-2, IL-12, IL-18, IFNgamma), Th-2 (IL-4, IL-10) and T-reg (TGFbeta, GPR-83, CTLA-4, SMAD-7) lymphocyte phenotypes. We measured gene expression in both whole tissues (represents tissue microenvironment and tumor microenvironment) and in the lymphoma lesions (tumor microenvironment) themselves. Gene ontology-based modeling of our results shows that the dominant phenotype in whole tissue as well as in microscopic lymphoma lesions, is pro T-reg in both L6(1) and L7(2) but a minor pro Th-1 and anti Th-2 tissue microenvironment exists in L6(1) whereas there is an anti Th-1 and pro Th-2 tissue microenvironment in L7(2). The tumor microenvironment per se is pro T-reg, anti Th-1 and pro Th-2 in both L6(1) and L7(2). Together our data suggests that the neoplastic transformation is essentially the same in both L6(1) and L7(2) and that resistance/susceptibility is mediated at the level of tumor immunity in the tissues.
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28
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Identification of novel helper epitopes of MAGE-A4 tumour antigen: useful tool for the propagation of Th1 cells. Br J Cancer 2009; 100:1135-43. [PMID: 19277034 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
MAGE-A4 has been considered as an attractive cancer-testis (CT) antigen for tumour immunotherapy. It has been well accepted that T-helper type 1 (Th1) cell-dominant immunity is critical for the successful induction of antitumour immunity in a tumour-bearing host. The adoptive Th1 cell therapy has been shown to be an attractive strategy for inducing tumour eradication in mouse systems. However, Th1-cell therapy using human tumour-specific Th1 cells, which were expanded from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a clinically useful protocol, has never been performed. Here, we first identified MAGE-A4-derived promiscuous helper epitope, peptide (MAGE-A4 280-299), bound to both HLA-DPB1(*)0501 and DRB1(*)1403. Using the peptide, we established a suitable protocol for the propagation of MAGE-A4-specific Th1 cells in vitro. Culture of CD4(+) T cells with IFN-gamma-treated PBMC-derived adherent cells in the presence of helper epitope peptide resulted in a great expansion of MAGE-A4-reactive Th cells producing IFN-gamma , but not IL-4. Moreover, it was shown that ligation of MAGE-A4-reactive Th1 cells with the cognate peptide caused the production of IFN-gamma and IL-2. Thus, our identified MAGE-A4 helper epitope peptide will become a good tool for the propagation of tumour-specific Th1 cells applicable to adoptive immunotherapy of human cancer.
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29
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Yoon SH, Lee JM, Cho HI, Kim EK, Kim HS, Park MY, Kim TG. Adoptive immunotherapy using human peripheral blood lymphocytes transferred with RNA encoding Her-2/neu-specific chimeric immune receptor in ovarian cancer xenograft model. Cancer Gene Ther 2008; 16:489-97. [PMID: 19096447 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2008.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The current gene transfer technology for single chain (scFv)-based chimeric immune receptor (CIR) has relied on retrovirus and lentivirus vectors which require a long time to obtain sufficient number of transduced cells and stably incorporate into genome. To ameliorate these limitations, we applied RNA electroporation to human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) activated with anti-CD3 antibody and interleukin-2 (IL-2) for 3 days and assessed that PBL transiently expressing anti-Her-2/neu CIR (CIR-PBL) containing signaling portion of CD28 and CD3zeta could elicit strong cytotoxicity in vitro and antitumor responses in vivo. The CIR-PBL expressed high level of CIR in CD4+, CD8+ and CD56+ cells. Her-2/neu-specific stimulation induced secretion of type-I cytokines including interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-8 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and IFN-gamma secretion was mainly mediated by CD8+ T cells. CIR-PBL specifically killed SKOV3 cell line expressing Her-2/neu. Adoptive transfer of CIR-PBL in SKOV3 xenograft model led to significant inhibition of tumor growth compared with transfer of mock-transduced PBL and showed higher inhibition than those with Herceptin, humanized monoclonal antibody specific for Her-2/neu. These results provided evidence that electroporation of CIR RNA to human PBLs could be used for rapid generation and high number of therapeutic antigen-specific T cells for adoptive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Yoon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Chen X, Yu Y, Pan Q, Tang Z, Han J, Zang G. Enhancement of cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity by dendritic cells loaded with Tat-protein transduction domain-fused hepatitis B virus core antigen. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2008; 40:996-1004. [PMID: 19089297 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2008.00487.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein transduction domain (PTD) of human immunodeficiency virus-1-Tat protein has a unique potency to penetrate the cellular membranes. To synthesize the sequence of Tat-PTD47-57 and hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg), we spliced these sequences and linked a fusion gene into the pMAL-c2x vector. The fusion proteins were purified by affinity chromatography and pulsed with bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs), and the transduction of recombinant protein was detected by immunofluorescence antibody assay. Results showed that recombinant PTD-HBcAg could penetrate into DC cytoplasm while recombinant HBcAg was detected on the surface of cells. The percentage of DC surface molecules, such as CD80, CD86 and major histocompatibility complex II, and production of cytokine (IL-12p70) induced by recombinant PTD-HBcAg were significantly higher than those induced by recombinant HBcAg or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. DCs treated with PTD-HBcAg induced T cells to differentiate into specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and enhanced the CTL killing response. In conclusion, the expressed and purified PTD-HBcAg fusion protein could penetrate into cells through the plasma membrane, promote DC maturation, and enhance T cells response to generate HBcAg-specific CTLs efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai No. 6 People's Hospital, College of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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31
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Har-Noy M, Zeira M, Weiss L, Slavin S. Completely mismatched allogeneic CD3/CD28 cross-linked Th1 memory cells elicit anti-leukemia effects in unconditioned hosts without GVHD toxicity. Leuk Res 2008; 32:1903-13. [PMID: 18565579 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Revised: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fully allogeneic CD3/CD28 cross-linked Th1 cells were found to elicit host-mediated anti-leukemia effects without GVHD toxicity. Mice inoculated with a lethal dose of BCL1 leukemia demonstrated significantly enhanced survival after allogeneic Th1 treatment. Cure rates of 12.5% with a single allogeneic cell infusion and 31.25% with multiple infusions were demonstrated. Cured mice were able to reject rechallenge with a lethal dose of tumor without further treatment. These results suggest that use of intentionally mis-matched, Th1 memory cells infused with cross-linked CD3/CD28 could represent a novel clinical approach to eliciting potent anti-tumor effects in patients without conditioning and without GVHD toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Har-Noy
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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32
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Moeller M, Kershaw MH, Cameron R, Westwood JA, Trapani JA, Smyth MJ, Darcy PK. Sustained antigen-specific antitumor recall response mediated by gene-modified CD4+ T helper-1 and CD8+ T cells. Cancer Res 2008; 67:11428-37. [PMID: 18056471 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Given that specific subsets of T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) CD4(+) T cells have been shown to play key roles in tumor rejection models, we wanted to assess the contribution of either Th1 or Th2 CD4(+) cell subtypes for redirected T-cell immunotherapy. In this study, we have developed a novel method involving retroviral transduction and in vitro T-cell polarization to generate gene-engineered mouse CD4(+) Th1 and Th2 cells or T helper intermediate (Thi) cells expressing an anti-erbB2-CD28-zeta chimeric receptor. Gene-modified Th1 and Th2 polarized CD4(+) cells were characterized by the preferential secretion of IFN-gamma and interleukin-4, respectively, whereas Thi cells secreted both cytokines following receptor ligation. In adoptive transfer studies using an erbB2(+) lung metastasis model, complete survival of mice was observed when transduced Th1, Th2, or Thi CD4(+) cells were transferred in combination with an equivalent number of transduced CD8(+) T cells. Tumor rejection was consistently associated with transduced T cells at the tumor site and interleukin-2 secretion. However, the surviving mice treated with gene-modified Th1 CD4(+) cells were significantly more resistant to a subsequent challenge with a different erbB2(+) tumor (4T1.2) implanted s.c. This result correlated with both increased expansion of Th1 CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the blood and a greater number of these cells localizing to the tumor site following rechallenge. These data support the use of gene-modified CD4(+) Th1 and CD8(+) T cells for mediating a sustained antitumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Moeller
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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33
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Hu K, Xiong J, Ji K, Sun H, Wang J, Liu H. Recombined CC chemokine ligand 2 into B16 cells induces production of Th2-dominant [correction of dominanted] cytokines and inhibits melanoma metastasis. Immunol Lett 2007; 113:19-28. [PMID: 17868906 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2007.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Revised: 06/24/2007] [Accepted: 07/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed to verify whether CCL2 can induce Th2 polarization in vivo and subsequently inhibit tumor metastasis. B16 cells (a murine melanoma cell line) highly expressing CCL2 (CCL2-B16 cells) were obtained by transfection with recombinant plasmid CCL2-pcDNA3. Primary thymocytes were co-cultured with CCL2-B16 cells and STAT-6-mediated Th2 polarization was noticed after co-culture. Caudal vein injection of CCL2-B16 cells effectively inhibited pulmonary metastasis in C57BL/6 mice, but not in nude mice, indicating that T cells play a role in CCL2-induced inhibition of tumor metastasis. We found that high level of CCL2 up-regulated the expression of Th2-related cytokine (IL-4) in tumor microenvironment and increased CD4+, CD8+, and CD45RB+ cells in the peripheral blood and tumor tissues. We also demonstrated that inoculation of mice with CCL2-B16 cells prolonged mice survival time when they were reinjected with wildtype B16 cells, implying that CCL2 can activate immuno-memory in mice. It is concluded that high expression of CCL2 can induce Th2 polarization in tumor microenvironment and can effectively inhibit tumor metastasis, which casts new lights on the role of chemokines in reconstruction of immune surveillance in patients suffering from tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimeng Hu
- Research Center of Developmental Biology and Department of Histology and Embryology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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34
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Yokouchi H, Chamoto K, Wakita D, Yamazaki K, Shirato H, Takeshima T, Dosaka-Akita H, Nishimura M, Yue Z, Kitamura H, Nishimura T. Combination tumor immunotherapy with radiotherapy and Th1 cell therapy against murine lung carcinoma. Clin Exp Metastasis 2007; 24:533-40. [PMID: 17653821 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-007-9090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mice bearing established Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) expressing model tumor antigen, ovalbumin (OVA) (LLC-OVA) marginally responded to local radiotherapy, but none of the mice was cured. In contrast, treatment of the tumor-bearing mice with intratumoral injection of tumor-specific T helper type 1 (Th1) cells and tumor antigen (OVA) after radiotherapy dramatically prolonged the survival days and induced complete cure of the mice at high frequency (80%). Radiation therapy combined with Th1 cells or OVA alone showed no significant therapeutic activity against LLC-OVA. Such a strong therapeutic activity was not induced by intratumoral injection of Th1 cells plus OVA. Compared with other treatment, radiation therapy combined with Th1 cells and OVA was superior to induce the generation of OVA/H-2(b) tetramer(+) tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) with a strong cytotoxicity against LLC-OVA in draining lymph node (DLN). Moreover, the combined therapy is demonstrated to inhibit the growth of tumor mass, which grew at contralateral side. These results indicated that radiotherapy combined with Th1 cell/vaccine therapy induced a systemic antitumor immunity. These findings suggested that combination therapy with radiotherapy and Th1 cell/vaccine therapy may become a practical strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yokouchi
- Division of Immunoregulation, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
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35
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Yotsumoto S, Kakiuchi T, Aramaki Y. Enhancement of IFN-gamma production for Th1-cell therapy using negatively charged liposomes containing phosphatidylserine. Vaccine 2007; 25:5256-62. [PMID: 17583394 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Revised: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 05/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an efficient method of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) induction for Th1-cell therapy. OVA (ovalbumin)-specific Th1 clone 42-6A cells cocultured with antigen presenting cells (APCs) from spleen resulted in high levels of OVA-specific IFN-gamma production by the treatment of phosphatidylserine (PS), but not phosphatidic acid (PA), liposomes-encapsulated OVA (OVA-liposomes). The IFN-gamma production was increased in a manner dependent on the PS content of the liposomes and inhibited by the addition of annexin V, a PS binding protein. Furthermore, coadministration of Th1 cells plus OVA-liposomes in mice strikingly enhanced IFN-gamma levels in serum and in spleen cells compared with that of Th1 cells plus OVA. In addition, serum levels of IL-12 p70 increased and ongoing OVA-specific IgE immune response was dramatically attenuated. These results first suggest that antigen delivery using negatively charged liposomes containing PS is very useful for the enhancement of IFN-gamma production in Th1-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yotsumoto
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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36
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Young MRI. Protective mechanisms of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas from immune assault. Head Neck 2006; 28:462-70. [PMID: 16284974 DOI: 10.1002/hed.20331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive malignancy that is the sixth most common neoplasm in the world. Despite advances in treatments involving surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the 5-year survival has remained at less than 50% for the past 30 years, primarily because of local recurrences. Thus, the possibility of immunotherapeutic approaches for patients with HNSCC has gained interest. Unfortunately, patients with HNSCC have profound immune defects that are associated with increased recurrence. This review aims to provide an overview of both the defensive and immune subversive mechanisms by which patients with HNSCC can protect themselves from immune antitumor assault.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rita I Young
- Research Services, Research Service (151), Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, 109 Bee Street, Charleston, SC 29401-5799, USA.
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37
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Kosaka A, Lee U, Wakita D, Matsubara N, Togashi Y, Nishimura SI, Kitamura H, Nishimura T. Interleukin-12-responding asialoGM1+CD8+ central memory-type T cells as precursor cells for interferon-gamma-producing killer T cells. Cancer Sci 2006; 97:1236-41. [PMID: 16952305 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2006.00306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While investigating CD8(+) memory T cells in unimmunized C57BL/6 mice, we found that there were unique memory-type CD8(+) T cells expressing asialoGM1 (ASGM1), CD62L and CCR7 cell surface molecules, which occupied approximately 10% of CD8(+) T cells and 35% of CD44(+) memory CD8(+) T cells. Culture of freshly isolated ASGM1(+)CD8(+) T cells with interleukin (IL)-12 plus IL-2 caused the proliferation and generation of killer T cells. Moreover, ASGM1(+)CD8(+) T cells, but not ASGM1(-)CD8(+) T cells, produced high levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma in response to IL-12 plus IL-2. Although ASGM1(+)CD8(+) T cells showed no significant responses to IL-12 alone or IL-2 alone, pulse incubation of ASGM1(+)CD8(+) T cells with IL-12 at an earlier time (0-12 h), and subsequently with IL-2 at a later time (12-24 h), caused the same levels of proliferation, killer cell generation and IFN-gamma production as when they were incubated simultaneously with IL-12 plus IL-2 for 24 h. Thus, ASGM1(+)CD8(+) T cells appeared to respond to IL-12 directly to acquire IL-2 responsiveness and differentiate into IFN-gamma-producing killer T cells. Indeed, freshly isolated ASGM1(+)CD8(+) T cells, but not ASGM1(-)CD8(+) T cells, expressed higher levels of IL-12R beta2 mRNA. The fact that IL-12 administration in vivo caused the generation of ASGM1(+)CD8(+) killer T cells in an IFN-gamma-dependent manner further indicated a physiological significance of ASGM1(+)CD8(+) central memory-type T cells in IL-12-induced immunoregulation for the therapy of tumors and infectious diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Drug Combinations
- Flow Cytometry
- G(M1) Ganglioside/immunology
- G(M1) Ganglioside/metabolism
- Immunologic Memory/drug effects
- Immunologic Memory/physiology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-12/pharmacology
- Interleukin-2/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-12
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Akemi Kosaka
- Division of Immunoregulation, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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38
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Sasaki T, Ikeda H, Sato M, Ohkuri T, Abe H, Kuroki M, Onodera M, Miyamoto M, Kondo S, Nishimura T. Antitumor activity of chimeric immunoreceptor gene-modified Tc1 and Th1 cells against autologous carcinoembryonic antigen-expressing colon cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2006; 97:920-7. [PMID: 16856879 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2006.00271.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To generate tumor-specific and interferon (IFN)-gamma-producing Tc1 and Th1 cells applicable for many cancer patients, we previously developed a protocol for generating carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-specific Tc1 and Th1 cells from healthy human T cells by transduction with a lentivirus containing a chimeric immunoglobulin T-cell receptor (cIgTCR) gene composed of single-chain variable fragments from an anti-CEA-specific monoclonal antibody fused to an intracellular signaling domain of CD28 and CD3zeta. These cells, designated Tc1-T and Th1-T bodies, respectively, showed strong antitumor activity against CEA-expressing tumor cells in RAG2-/- mice when both of them were transferred. However, it remains unclear whether it is possible to generate Tc1-T and Th1-T bodies from cancer patients with defective T-cell function because of significant immunosuppression. Here, we prepared Tc1-T and Th1-T bodies from T cells of a colon cancer patient, and asked whether these T bodies can exert effective T-cell function against autologous tumor cells. These T bodies showed high cytotoxicity and produced IFN-gamma in response to CEA-expressing autologous tumor cells, even in the presence of soluble CEA. It was also demonstrated that Th1-T bodies supported the survival of Tc1-T bodies through cell-to-cell interactions. Furthermore, our protocol utilized retrovirus for cIgTCR transduction to achieve better induction efficiency compared to lentivirus-mediated transduction. Taken together, our findings here indicate that retrovirally transduced Tc1-T and Th1-T bodies will become a promising strategy for adoptive immunotherapy of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Sasaki
- Division of Immunoregulation, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
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Casati C, Camisaschi C, Rini F, Arienti F, Rivoltini L, Triebel F, Parmiani G, Castelli C. Soluble human LAG-3 molecule amplifies the in vitro generation of type 1 tumor-specific immunity. Cancer Res 2006; 66:4450-60. [PMID: 16618772 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-2728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The adjuvant activities of the human lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) molecule have been evaluated in a human setting by investigating the ability of a soluble recombinant human LAG-3 protein (hLAG-3Ig) to enhance the in vitro induction of viral- and tumor-specific CTLs. We found that soluble human LAG-3 significantly sustained the generation and expansion of influenza matrix protein Melan-A/MART-1 and survivin-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of both cancer patients and healthy donors, showing its ability to boost CD8+ T-cell memory response or to prime naive T cells in vitro. The peptide-specific T cells generated in the presence of hLAG-3Ig were endowed with cytotoxic activity and enhanced release of type 1 cytotoxic T (Tc1) cytokines and were able to recognize tumor cells expressing their nominal antigen. Phenotype and cytokine/chemokines produced by antigen-presenting cells (APC) of PBMCs exposed in vitro for 2 days to peptide and hLAG-3Ig indicate that the LAG-3-mediated adjuvant effect may depend on a direct activation of circulating APCs. Our data revealed the activity of hLAG-3Ig in inducing tumor-associated, antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in a human setting and strongly support the conclusion that this recombinant protein is a potential candidate adjuvant for cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Casati
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
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40
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Huang Y, Chen Z, Jia H, Wu W, Zhong S, Zhou C. Induction of Tc1 response and enhanced cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in mice by dendritic cells transduced with adenovirus expressing HBsAg. Clin Immunol 2006; 119:280-90. [PMID: 16531121 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2006.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2005] [Revised: 12/30/2005] [Accepted: 01/17/2006] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the potential of dendritic cells (DCs) engineered to express antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in priming Th/Tc and HBV-specific CTL responses in mice. Recombinant adenovirus expressing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (Ad-S) was constructed, and bone marrow-derived DCs were transduced with Ad-S or pulsed with HBsAg protein. Mice were injected with either Ad-S-transduced DCs or HBsAg-pulsed DCs or plasmid DNA encoding HBsAg twice at 3-week intervals. We showed that adenovirus infection had no further effect on the phenotype, the ability to induce IFN-gamma-producing Th1/Tc1 response or the T cell stimulatory capacity of already mature DCs in vitro. We also showed that immunization with Ad-S-transduced DCs effectively induced Tc1 cells and HBsAg-specific CTLs in vivo and down-regulated the circulating HBsAg and HBV DNA in HBV transgenic mice. Furthermore, these efficacies were stronger than that of HBsAg-pulsed DCs and plasmid DNA. Thus, DCs transduced with recombinant adenovirus may be a promising candidate for an effective CTL-based therapeutic vaccine against HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Huang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Chamoto K, Wakita D, Narita Y, Zhang Y, Noguchi D, Ohnishi H, Iguchi T, Sakai T, Ikeda H, Nishimura T. An Essential Role of Antigen-Presenting Cell/T-Helper Type 1 Cell-Cell Interactions in Draining Lymph Node during Complete Eradication of Class II–Negative Tumor Tissue by T-Helper Type 1 Cell Therapy. Cancer Res 2006; 66:1809-17. [PMID: 16452242 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-2246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have shown that transfer of ovalbumin (OVA)-specific T helper type 1 (Th1) cells into mice bearing MHC class II+ OVA-expressing tumor cells (A20-OVA) causes complete tumor rejection. Here we show that, although Th1 cell therapy alone was not effective against MHC class II- OVA-expressing tumor cells (EG-7), treatment of mice bearing established EG-7 tumors by i.v. transfer of Th1 cells combined with i.t. injection of the model tumor antigen OVA induced complete tumor rejection. Transferred Th1 cells enhanced the migration of tumor-infiltrating antigen-presenting cells (APC) that had processed OVA into the draining lymph node (DLN). Although transferred Th1 cells were randomly distributed in DLN, distal LN, spleen, and tumor tissue, active proliferation of Th1 cells always initiated in DLN, where Th1 cells efficiently interacted with APC that presented OVA. In parallel, OVA-tetramer+ CTLs, showing EG-7-specific cytotoxicity, were highly induced in DLN and the local tumor site. The OVA-tetramer+ CTL functioned systemically because two bilateral tumor masses were both completely rejected on treatment of one tumor. Furthermore, either active proliferation of transferred Th1 cells or generation of tetramer+ CTL was not induced in MHC class II-deficient mice and LN-deficient Aly/Aly mice. These results indicate that DLN is an indispensable organ for initiating active APC/Th1 cell interactions, which is critical for inducing complete eradication of tumor mass by tumor-specific CTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Chamoto
- Division of Immunoregulation, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
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42
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Wakita D, Chamoto K, Zhang Y, Narita Y, Noguchi D, Ohnishi H, Iguchi T, Sakai T, Ikeda H, Nishimura T. An indispensable role of type-1 IFNs for inducing CTL-mediated complete eradication of established tumor tissue by CpG-liposome co-encapsulated with model tumor antigen. Int Immunol 2006; 18:425-34. [PMID: 16415100 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxh381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have evaluated the capacity of a novel, nanoparticle-based tumor vaccine to eradicate established tumors in mice. C57BL/6 mice were intradermally (i.d.) inoculated with ovalbumin (OVA)-expressing EG-7 tumor cells. When the tumor size reached 7-8 mm, the tumor-bearing mice were i.d. injected near the tumor-draining lymph node (DLN) with liposomes encapsulated with unmethylated cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) (CpG-liposomes) co-encapsulated with OVA. This vaccination protocol markedly prevented the growth of the established tumor mass and approximately 50% of tumor-bearing mice became completely cured. Tumor eradication correlated with the generation of OVA/H-2K(b)-tetramer(+) CTLs in the tumor DLN and at the tumor site with specific cytotoxicity toward EG-7 cells. Interestingly, tetramer(+) CTLs failed to be induced in lymph node-deficient Aly/Aly mice. Thus, tetramer(+) CTLs appeared to be generated in the tumor DLN and subsequently migrated into the tumor site. In vivo antibody blocking experiments revealed that CD8(+) T cells, but not CD4(+) T, NK or NKT cells, were the major effector cells mediating tumor eradication. CTL induction was also inhibited when vaccinated tumor-bearing mice were treated with both anti-IFN-alpha and anti-IFN-beta mAbs but not with anti-IFN-alpha or anti-IFN-beta mAb alone. Neither IFN-gamma(-/-) nor IL-12(-/-) mice showed impaired induction of tetramer(+) CTLs. Thus, these findings revealed that CpG-ODN-induced IFN-alpha/beta, but not IL-12 or IFN-gamma, is critical for the generation of tumor-specific CTLs in response to vaccination. These results highlight the potential utility of CpG-liposomes co-encapsulated with protein tumor antigens as therapeutic vaccines in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiko Wakita
- Division of Immunoregulation, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Moeller M, Haynes NM, Kershaw MH, Jackson JT, Teng MWL, Street SE, Cerutti L, Jane SM, Trapani JA, Smyth MJ, Darcy PK. Adoptive transfer of gene-engineered CD4+ helper T cells induces potent primary and secondary tumor rejection. Blood 2005; 106:2995-3003. [PMID: 16030195 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-12-4906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Because CD4+ T cells play a key role in aiding cellular immune responses, we wanted to assess whether increasing numbers of gene-engineered antigen-restricted CD4+ T cells could enhance an antitumor response mediated by similarly gene-engineered CD8+ T cells. In this study, we have used retroviral transduction to generate erbB2-reactive mouse T-cell populations composed of various proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ cells and then determined the antitumor reactivity of these mixtures. Gene-modified CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were shown to specifically secrete Tc1 (T cytotoxic-1) or Tc2 cytokines, proliferate, and lyse erbB2+ tumor targets following antigen ligation in vitro. In adoptive transfer experiments using severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice, we demonstrated that injection of equivalent numbers of antigen-specific engineered CD8+ and CD4+ T cells led to significant improvement in survival of mice bearing established lung metastases compared with transfer of unfractionated (largely CD8+) engineered T cells. Transferred CD4+ T cells had to be antigen-specific (not just activated) and secrete interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) to potentiate the antitumor effect. Importantly, antitumor responses in these mice correlated with localization and persistence of gene-engineered T cells at the tumor site. Strikingly, mice that survived primary tumor challenge could reject a subsequent rechallenge. Overall, this study has highlighted the therapeutic potential of using combined transfer of antigen-specific gene-modified CD8+ and CD4+ T cells to significantly enhance T-cell adoptive transfer strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Moeller
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A'Beckett St, East Melbourne, 8006, Victoria, Australia
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Ikeda H, Chamoto K, Tsuji T, Suzuki Y, Wakita D, Takeshima T, Nishimura T. The critical role of type-1 innate and acquired immunity in tumor immunotherapy. Cancer Sci 2004; 95:697-703. [PMID: 15471553 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of a large array of tumor antigens has demonstrated that host lymphocytes can indeed recognize and destroy tumor cells as originally proposed in the cancer immunosurveillance hypothesis. Recent reports that led to the cancer immunoediting concept also strongly support the immunosurveillance hypothesis, and they further indicate that the host immune system plays a critical role not only in promoting host protection against cancer but also in selecting tumors that can better escape from immune attack. Thus, it is now clear that T cells have the ability to recognize and destroy spontaneously arising tumors. However, the generation of antitumor immunity is often difficult in the tumor-bearing host because of various negative regulatory mechanisms. Here, we review our recent work on tumor immunotherapy, which utilizes the activation of type-1 innate and/or acquired immunity as a potent strategy to overcome immunosup-pression in the tumor-bearing host. We have established a variety of tumor therapeutic protocols that aim to activate type-1 immunity, such as tumor-vaccine therapy with CpG encapsulat-ed in liposomes, cell therapy using tumor-specific Th1 cells, and gene therapy using gene-engineered Th1 cells. We found that CpG encapsulated in liposomes stimulated IL-12-producing DC and induced IFN-gamma-producing NK cells, NKT cells, and tumor-specific CTL. Th1 cell therapy was also shown to be beneficial for acceleration of APC/Th1 cell-cell interaction in the DLN, which was critical for inducing tumor-specific CTL at the tumor site. Therefore, we conclude that the activation of type-1 innate and acquired immunity is crucial for tumor immunotherapy in order to overcome strong immunosuppression in the tumor-bearing host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ikeda
- Division of Immunoregulation, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
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Gyobu H, Tsuji T, Suzuki Y, Ohkuri T, Chamoto K, Kuroki M, Miyoshi H, Kawarada Y, Katoh H, Takeshima T, Nishimura T. Generation and targeting of human tumor-specific Tc1 and Th1 cells transduced with a lentivirus containing a chimeric immunoglobulin T-cell receptor. Cancer Res 2004; 64:1490-5. [PMID: 14973062 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-2780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ Th cells, in particular IFN-gamma-producing Th1 cells, play a critical role in the activation and maintenance of Tc1 cells that are essential for tumor eradication. Here, we report the generation of artificial tumor-specific Th1 and Tc1 cells from nonspecifically activated T cells using a lentiviral transduction system. Anti-CD3-activated T cells from healthy human donors were transduced with a lentivirus containing a chimeric immunoglobulin T-cell receptor gene composed of single-chain variable fragments derived from an anticarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-specific monoclonal antibody fused to an intracellular signaling domain derived from the cytoplasmic portions of membrane-bound CD28 and CD3zeta. These artificial tumor-specific Tc1 and Th1 cells, termed Tc1- and Th1-T bodies, respectively, could be targeted to CEA+ tumor cells independently of MHC restriction. Specifically, Tc1-T bodies demonstrated high cytotoxicity and produced IFN-gamma in response to CEA+ tumor cell lines but not CEA- tumors. Although Th1-T bodies exhibited low cytotoxicity, they secreted high levels of IFN-gamma and interleukin-2 in response to CEA+ tumor cells. Such CEA+ tumor-specific activation was not observed in mock gene-transduced nonspecific Tc1 and Th1 cells. Moreover, Tc1- and Th1-T bodies exhibited strong antitumor activities against CEA+ human lung cancer cells implanted into RAG2(-/-) mice. Furthermore, combined therapy with Tc1- and Th1-T bodies resulted in enhanced antitumor activities in vivo. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that Tc1- and Th1-T bodies represent a promising alternative to current methods for the development of effective adoptive immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Gyobu
- Division of Immunoregulation, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, N-15 W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
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